1 //! Generate a configuration for both Wasmtime and the Wasm module to execute.
2 
3 use super::{AsyncConfig, CodegenSettings, InstanceAllocationStrategy, MemoryConfig, ModuleConfig};
4 use crate::oracles::{StoreLimits, Timeout};
5 use anyhow::Result;
6 use arbitrary::{Arbitrary, Unstructured};
7 use std::time::Duration;
8 use wasmtime::{Engine, Module, MpkEnabled, Store};
9 use wasmtime_test_util::wast::{WastConfig, WastTest, limits};
10 
11 /// Configuration for `wasmtime::Config` and generated modules for a session of
12 /// fuzzing.
13 ///
14 /// This configuration guides what modules are generated, how wasmtime
15 /// configuration is generated, and is typically itself generated through a call
16 /// to `Arbitrary` which allows for a form of "swarm testing".
17 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
18 pub struct Config {
19     /// Configuration related to the `wasmtime::Config`.
20     pub wasmtime: WasmtimeConfig,
21     /// Configuration related to generated modules.
22     pub module_config: ModuleConfig,
23 }
24 
25 impl Config {
26     /// Indicates that this configuration is being used for differential
27     /// execution.
28     ///
29     /// The purpose of this function is to update the configuration which was
30     /// generated to be compatible with execution in multiple engines. The goal
31     /// is to produce the exact same result in all engines so we need to paper
32     /// over things like nan differences and memory/table behavior differences.
33     pub fn set_differential_config(&mut self) {
34         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
35 
36         // Make it more likely that there are types available to generate a
37         // function with.
38         config.min_types = config.min_types.max(1);
39         config.max_types = config.max_types.max(1);
40 
41         // Generate at least one function
42         config.min_funcs = config.min_funcs.max(1);
43         config.max_funcs = config.max_funcs.max(1);
44 
45         // Allow a memory to be generated, but don't let it get too large.
46         // Additionally require the maximum size to guarantee that the growth
47         // behavior is consistent across engines.
48         config.max_memory32_bytes = 10 << 16;
49         config.max_memory64_bytes = 10 << 16;
50         config.memory_max_size_required = true;
51 
52         // If tables are generated make sure they don't get too large to avoid
53         // hitting any engine-specific limit. Additionally ensure that the
54         // maximum size is required to guarantee consistent growth across
55         // engines.
56         //
57         // Note that while reference types are disabled below, only allow one
58         // table.
59         config.max_table_elements = 1_000;
60         config.table_max_size_required = true;
61 
62         // Don't allow any imports
63         config.max_imports = 0;
64 
65         // Try to get the function and the memory exported
66         config.export_everything = true;
67 
68         // NaN is canonicalized at the wasm level for differential fuzzing so we
69         // can paper over NaN differences between engines.
70         config.canonicalize_nans = true;
71 
72         // If using the pooling allocator, update the instance limits too
73         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
74             // One single-page memory
75             pooling.total_memories = config.max_memories as u32;
76             pooling.max_memory_size = 10 << 16;
77             pooling.max_memories_per_module = config.max_memories as u32;
78             if pooling.memory_protection_keys == MpkEnabled::Auto
79                 && pooling.max_memory_protection_keys > 1
80             {
81                 pooling.total_memories =
82                     pooling.total_memories * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32);
83             }
84 
85             pooling.total_tables = config.max_tables as u32;
86             pooling.table_elements = 1_000;
87             pooling.max_tables_per_module = config.max_tables as u32;
88 
89             pooling.core_instance_size = 1_000_000;
90 
91             let cfg = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config;
92             match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
93                 Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
94                 other @ None => *other = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
95             }
96         }
97 
98         // These instructions are explicitly not expected to be exactly the same
99         // across engines. Don't fuzz them.
100         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
101     }
102 
103     /// Uses this configuration and the supplied source of data to generate
104     /// a wasm module.
105     ///
106     /// If a `default_fuel` is provided, the resulting module will be configured
107     /// to ensure termination; as doing so will add an additional global to the module,
108     /// the pooling allocator, if configured, will also have its globals limit updated.
109     pub fn generate(
110         &self,
111         input: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
112         default_fuel: Option<u32>,
113     ) -> arbitrary::Result<wasm_smith::Module> {
114         self.module_config.generate(input, default_fuel)
115     }
116 
117     /// Updates this configuration to be able to run the `test` specified.
118     ///
119     /// This primarily updates `self.module_config` to ensure that it enables
120     /// all features and proposals necessary to execute the `test` specified.
121     /// This will additionally update limits in the pooling allocator to be able
122     /// to execute all tests.
123     pub fn make_wast_test_compliant(&mut self, test: &WastTest) -> WastConfig {
124         let wasmtime_test_util::wast::TestConfig {
125             memory64,
126             custom_page_sizes,
127             multi_memory,
128             threads,
129             shared_everything_threads,
130             gc,
131             function_references,
132             relaxed_simd,
133             reference_types,
134             tail_call,
135             extended_const,
136             wide_arithmetic,
137             component_model_async,
138             component_model_async_builtins,
139             component_model_async_stackful,
140             component_model_error_context,
141             component_model_gc,
142             simd,
143             exceptions,
144             legacy_exceptions,
145 
146             hogs_memory: _,
147             nan_canonicalization: _,
148             gc_types: _,
149             stack_switching: _,
150             spec_test: _,
151         } = test.config;
152 
153         // Enable/disable some proposals that aren't configurable in wasm-smith
154         // but are configurable in Wasmtime.
155         self.module_config.function_references_enabled =
156             function_references.or(gc).unwrap_or(false);
157         self.module_config.component_model_async = component_model_async.unwrap_or(false);
158         self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins =
159             component_model_async_builtins.unwrap_or(false);
160         self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful =
161             component_model_async_stackful.unwrap_or(false);
162         self.module_config.component_model_error_context =
163             component_model_error_context.unwrap_or(false);
164         self.module_config.legacy_exceptions = legacy_exceptions.unwrap_or(false);
165         self.module_config.component_model_gc = component_model_gc.unwrap_or(false);
166 
167         // Enable/disable proposals that wasm-smith has knobs for which will be
168         // read when creating `wasmtime::Config`.
169         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
170         config.bulk_memory_enabled = true;
171         config.multi_value_enabled = true;
172         config.wide_arithmetic_enabled = wide_arithmetic.unwrap_or(false);
173         config.memory64_enabled = memory64.unwrap_or(false);
174         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = relaxed_simd.unwrap_or(false);
175         config.simd_enabled = config.relaxed_simd_enabled || simd.unwrap_or(false);
176         config.tail_call_enabled = tail_call.unwrap_or(false);
177         config.custom_page_sizes_enabled = custom_page_sizes.unwrap_or(false);
178         config.threads_enabled = threads.unwrap_or(false);
179         config.shared_everything_threads_enabled = shared_everything_threads.unwrap_or(false);
180         config.gc_enabled = gc.unwrap_or(false);
181         config.reference_types_enabled = config.gc_enabled
182             || self.module_config.function_references_enabled
183             || reference_types.unwrap_or(false);
184         config.extended_const_enabled = extended_const.unwrap_or(false);
185         config.exceptions_enabled = exceptions.unwrap_or(false);
186         if multi_memory.unwrap_or(false) {
187             config.max_memories = limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE as usize;
188         } else {
189             config.max_memories = 1;
190         }
191 
192         if let Some(n) = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config.memory_reservation {
193             *n = (*n).max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE as u64);
194         }
195 
196         // FIXME: it might be more ideal to avoid the need for this entirely
197         // and to just let the test fail. If a test fails due to a pooling
198         // allocator resource limit being met we could ideally detect that and
199         // let the fuzz test case pass. That would avoid the need to hardcode
200         // so much here and in theory wouldn't reduce the usefulness of fuzzers
201         // all that much. At this time though we can't easily test this configuration.
202         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
203             // Clamp protection keys between 1 & 2 to reduce the number of
204             // slots and then multiply the total memories by the number of keys
205             // we have since a single store has access to only one key.
206             pooling.max_memory_protection_keys = pooling.max_memory_protection_keys.max(1).min(2);
207             pooling.total_memories = pooling
208                 .total_memories
209                 .max(limits::MEMORIES * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32));
210 
211             // For other limits make sure they meet the minimum threshold
212             // required for our wast tests.
213             pooling.total_component_instances = pooling
214                 .total_component_instances
215                 .max(limits::COMPONENT_INSTANCES);
216             pooling.total_tables = pooling.total_tables.max(limits::TABLES);
217             pooling.max_tables_per_module =
218                 pooling.max_tables_per_module.max(limits::TABLES_PER_MODULE);
219             pooling.max_memories_per_module = pooling
220                 .max_memories_per_module
221                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
222             pooling.max_memories_per_component = pooling
223                 .max_memories_per_component
224                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
225             pooling.total_core_instances = pooling.total_core_instances.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCES);
226             pooling.max_memory_size = pooling.max_memory_size.max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE);
227             pooling.table_elements = pooling.table_elements.max(limits::TABLE_ELEMENTS);
228             pooling.core_instance_size = pooling.core_instance_size.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
229             pooling.component_instance_size = pooling
230                 .component_instance_size
231                 .max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
232         }
233 
234         // Return the test configuration that this fuzz configuration represents
235         // which is used afterwards to test if the `test` here is expected to
236         // fail or not.
237         WastConfig {
238             collector: match self.wasmtime.collector {
239                 Collector::Null => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::Null,
240                 Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => {
241                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting
242                 }
243             },
244             pooling: matches!(
245                 self.wasmtime.strategy,
246                 InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(_)
247             ),
248             compiler: match self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy {
249                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
250                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftNative
251                 }
252                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
253                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftPulley
254                 }
255                 CompilerStrategy::Winch => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::Winch,
256             },
257         }
258     }
259 
260     /// Converts this to a `wasmtime::Config` object
261     pub fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Config {
262         crate::init_fuzzing();
263 
264         let mut cfg = wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions::default();
265         cfg.codegen.native_unwind_info =
266             Some(cfg!(target_os = "windows") || self.wasmtime.native_unwind_info);
267         cfg.codegen.parallel_compilation = Some(false);
268         cfg.debug.address_map = Some(self.wasmtime.generate_address_map);
269         cfg.opts.opt_level = Some(self.wasmtime.opt_level.to_wasmtime());
270         cfg.opts.regalloc_algorithm = Some(self.wasmtime.regalloc_algorithm.to_wasmtime());
271         cfg.opts.signals_based_traps = Some(self.wasmtime.signals_based_traps);
272         cfg.opts.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size = Some(std::cmp::min(
273             // Clamp this at 16MiB so we don't get huge in-memory
274             // images during fuzzing.
275             16 << 20,
276             self.wasmtime.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size,
277         ));
278         cfg.wasm.async_stack_zeroing = Some(self.wasmtime.async_stack_zeroing);
279         cfg.wasm.bulk_memory = Some(true);
280         cfg.wasm.component_model_async = Some(self.module_config.component_model_async);
281         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_builtins =
282             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins);
283         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_stackful =
284             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful);
285         cfg.wasm.component_model_error_context =
286             Some(self.module_config.component_model_error_context);
287         cfg.wasm.component_model_gc = Some(self.module_config.component_model_gc);
288         cfg.wasm.custom_page_sizes = Some(self.module_config.config.custom_page_sizes_enabled);
289         cfg.wasm.epoch_interruption = Some(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
290         cfg.wasm.extended_const = Some(self.module_config.config.extended_const_enabled);
291         cfg.wasm.fuel = self.wasmtime.consume_fuel.then(|| u64::MAX);
292         cfg.wasm.function_references = Some(self.module_config.function_references_enabled);
293         cfg.wasm.gc = Some(self.module_config.config.gc_enabled);
294         cfg.wasm.memory64 = Some(self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled);
295         cfg.wasm.multi_memory = Some(self.module_config.config.max_memories > 1);
296         cfg.wasm.multi_value = Some(self.module_config.config.multi_value_enabled);
297         cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(self.wasmtime.canonicalize_nans);
298         cfg.wasm.reference_types = Some(self.module_config.config.reference_types_enabled);
299         cfg.wasm.simd = Some(self.module_config.config.simd_enabled);
300         cfg.wasm.tail_call = Some(self.module_config.config.tail_call_enabled);
301         cfg.wasm.threads = Some(self.module_config.config.threads_enabled);
302         cfg.wasm.shared_everything_threads =
303             Some(self.module_config.config.shared_everything_threads_enabled);
304         cfg.wasm.wide_arithmetic = Some(self.module_config.config.wide_arithmetic_enabled);
305         cfg.wasm.exceptions = Some(self.module_config.config.exceptions_enabled);
306         cfg.wasm.legacy_exceptions = Some(self.module_config.legacy_exceptions);
307         if !self.module_config.config.simd_enabled {
308             cfg.wasm.relaxed_simd = Some(false);
309         }
310         cfg.codegen.collector = Some(self.wasmtime.collector.to_wasmtime());
311 
312         let compiler_strategy = &self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy;
313         let cranelift_strategy = match compiler_strategy {
314             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative | CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => true,
315             CompilerStrategy::Winch => false,
316         };
317         self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
318 
319         self.wasmtime.codegen.configure(&mut cfg);
320 
321         // Determine whether we will actually enable PCC -- this is
322         // disabled if the module requires memory64, which is not yet
323         // compatible (due to the need for dynamic checks).
324         let pcc = cfg!(feature = "fuzz-pcc")
325             && self.wasmtime.pcc
326             && !self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled;
327 
328         // Only set cranelift specific flags when the Cranelift strategy is
329         // chosen.
330         if cranelift_strategy {
331             // If the wasm-smith-generated module use nan canonicalization then we
332             // don't need to enable it, but if it doesn't enable it already then we
333             // enable this codegen option.
334             cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(!self.module_config.config.canonicalize_nans);
335 
336             // Enabling the verifier will at-least-double compilation time, which
337             // with a 20-30x slowdown in fuzzing can cause issues related to
338             // timeouts. If generated modules can have more than a small handful of
339             // functions then disable the verifier when fuzzing to try to lessen the
340             // impact of timeouts.
341             if self.module_config.config.max_funcs > 10 {
342                 cfg.codegen.cranelift_debug_verifier = Some(false);
343             }
344 
345             if self.wasmtime.force_jump_veneers {
346                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
347                     "wasmtime_linkopt_force_jump_veneer".to_string(),
348                     Some("true".to_string()),
349                 ));
350             }
351 
352             if let Some(pad) = self.wasmtime.padding_between_functions {
353                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
354                     "wasmtime_linkopt_padding_between_functions".to_string(),
355                     Some(pad.to_string()),
356                 ));
357             }
358 
359             cfg.codegen.pcc = Some(pcc);
360 
361             // Eager init is currently only supported on Cranelift, not Winch.
362             cfg.opts.table_lazy_init = Some(self.wasmtime.table_lazy_init);
363         }
364 
365         self.wasmtime.strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
366 
367         // Vary the memory configuration, but only if threads are not enabled.
368         // When the threads proposal is enabled we might generate shared memory,
369         // which is less amenable to different memory configurations:
370         // - shared memories are required to be "static" so fuzzing the various
371         //   memory configurations will mostly result in uninteresting errors.
372         //   The interesting part about shared memories is the runtime so we
373         //   don't fuzz non-default settings.
374         // - shared memories are required to be aligned which means that the
375         //   `CustomUnaligned` variant isn't actually safe to use with a shared
376         //   memory.
377         if !self.module_config.config.threads_enabled {
378             // If PCC is enabled, force other options to be compatible: PCC is currently only
379             // supported when bounds checks are elided.
380             let memory_config = if pcc {
381                 MemoryConfig {
382                     memory_reservation: Some(4 << 30), // 4 GiB
383                     memory_guard_size: Some(2 << 30),  // 2 GiB
384                     memory_reservation_for_growth: Some(0),
385                     guard_before_linear_memory: false,
386                     memory_init_cow: true,
387                     // Doesn't matter, only using virtual memory.
388                     cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations: None,
389                 }
390             } else {
391                 self.wasmtime.memory_config.clone()
392             };
393 
394             memory_config.configure(&mut cfg);
395         };
396 
397         // If malloc-based memory is going to be used, which requires these four
398         // options set to specific values (and Pulley auto-sets two of them)
399         // then be sure to cap `memory_reservation_for_growth` at a smaller
400         // value than the default. For malloc-based memory reservation beyond
401         // the end of memory isn't captured by `StoreLimiter` so we need to be
402         // sure it's small enough to not blow OOM limits while fuzzing.
403         if ((cfg.opts.signals_based_traps == Some(true) && cfg.opts.memory_guard_size == Some(0))
404             || self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy == CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley)
405             && cfg.opts.memory_reservation == Some(0)
406             && cfg.opts.memory_init_cow == Some(false)
407         {
408             let growth = &mut cfg.opts.memory_reservation_for_growth;
409             let max = 1 << 20;
410             *growth = match *growth {
411                 Some(n) => Some(n.min(max)),
412                 None => Some(max),
413             };
414         }
415 
416         log::debug!("creating wasmtime config with CLI options:\n{cfg}");
417         let mut cfg = cfg.config(None).expect("failed to create wasmtime::Config");
418 
419         if self.wasmtime.async_config != AsyncConfig::Disabled {
420             log::debug!("async config in use {:?}", self.wasmtime.async_config);
421             self.wasmtime.async_config.configure(&mut cfg);
422         }
423 
424         return cfg;
425     }
426 
427     /// Convenience function for generating a `Store<T>` using this
428     /// configuration.
429     pub fn to_store(&self) -> Store<StoreLimits> {
430         let engine = Engine::new(&self.to_wasmtime()).unwrap();
431         let mut store = Store::new(&engine, StoreLimits::new());
432         self.configure_store(&mut store);
433         store
434     }
435 
436     /// Configures a store based on this configuration.
437     pub fn configure_store(&self, store: &mut Store<StoreLimits>) {
438         store.limiter(|s| s as &mut dyn wasmtime::ResourceLimiter);
439 
440         // Configure the store to never abort by default, that is it'll have
441         // max fuel or otherwise trap on an epoch change but the epoch won't
442         // ever change.
443         //
444         // Afterwards though see what `AsyncConfig` is being used an further
445         // refine the store's configuration based on that.
446         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel {
447             store.set_fuel(u64::MAX).unwrap();
448         }
449         if self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption {
450             store.epoch_deadline_trap();
451             store.set_epoch_deadline(1);
452         }
453         match self.wasmtime.async_config {
454             AsyncConfig::Disabled => {}
455             AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(amt) => {
456                 assert!(self.wasmtime.consume_fuel);
457                 store.fuel_async_yield_interval(Some(amt)).unwrap();
458             }
459             AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs { ticks, .. } => {
460                 assert!(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
461                 store.set_epoch_deadline(ticks);
462                 store.epoch_deadline_async_yield_and_update(ticks);
463             }
464         }
465     }
466 
467     /// Generates an arbitrary method of timing out an instance, ensuring that
468     /// this configuration supports the returned timeout.
469     pub fn generate_timeout(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Timeout> {
470         let time_duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
471         let timeout = u
472             .choose(&[Timeout::Fuel(100_000), Timeout::Epoch(time_duration)])?
473             .clone();
474         match &timeout {
475             Timeout::Fuel(..) => {
476                 self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
477             }
478             Timeout::Epoch(..) => {
479                 self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
480             }
481             Timeout::None => unreachable!("Not an option given to choose()"),
482         }
483         Ok(timeout)
484     }
485 
486     /// Compiles the `wasm` within the `engine` provided.
487     ///
488     /// This notably will use `Module::{serialize,deserialize_file}` to
489     /// round-trip if configured in the fuzzer.
490     pub fn compile(&self, engine: &Engine, wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<Module> {
491         // Propagate this error in case the caller wants to handle
492         // valid-vs-invalid wasm.
493         let module = Module::new(engine, wasm)?;
494         if !self.wasmtime.use_precompiled_cwasm {
495             return Ok(module);
496         }
497 
498         // Don't propagate these errors to prevent them from accidentally being
499         // interpreted as invalid wasm, these should never fail on a
500         // well-behaved host system.
501         let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
502         let file = dir.path().join("module.wasm");
503         std::fs::write(&file, module.serialize().unwrap()).unwrap();
504         unsafe { Ok(Module::deserialize_file(engine, &file).unwrap()) }
505     }
506 
507     /// Updates this configuration to forcibly enable async support. Only useful
508     /// in fuzzers which do async calls.
509     pub fn enable_async(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
510         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel || u.arbitrary()? {
511             self.wasmtime.async_config =
512                 AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(u.int_in_range(1000..=100_000)?);
513             self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
514         } else {
515             self.wasmtime.async_config = AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs {
516                 dur: Duration::from_millis(u.int_in_range(1..=10)?),
517                 ticks: u.int_in_range(1..=10)?,
518             };
519             self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
520         }
521         Ok(())
522     }
523 }
524 
525 impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for Config {
526     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
527         let mut config = Self {
528             wasmtime: u.arbitrary()?,
529             module_config: u.arbitrary()?,
530         };
531 
532         config
533             .wasmtime
534             .update_module_config(&mut config.module_config, u)?;
535 
536         Ok(config)
537     }
538 }
539 
540 /// Configuration related to `wasmtime::Config` and the various settings which
541 /// can be tweaked from within.
542 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
543 pub struct WasmtimeConfig {
544     opt_level: OptLevel,
545     regalloc_algorithm: RegallocAlgorithm,
546     debug_info: bool,
547     canonicalize_nans: bool,
548     interruptable: bool,
549     pub(crate) consume_fuel: bool,
550     pub(crate) epoch_interruption: bool,
551     /// The Wasmtime memory configuration to use.
552     pub memory_config: MemoryConfig,
553     force_jump_veneers: bool,
554     memory_init_cow: bool,
555     memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size: u64,
556     use_precompiled_cwasm: bool,
557     async_stack_zeroing: bool,
558     /// Configuration for the instance allocation strategy to use.
559     pub strategy: InstanceAllocationStrategy,
560     codegen: CodegenSettings,
561     padding_between_functions: Option<u16>,
562     generate_address_map: bool,
563     native_unwind_info: bool,
564     /// Configuration for the compiler to use.
565     pub compiler_strategy: CompilerStrategy,
566     collector: Collector,
567     table_lazy_init: bool,
568 
569     /// Whether or not fuzzing should enable PCC.
570     pcc: bool,
571 
572     /// Configuration for whether wasm is invoked in an async fashion and how
573     /// it's cooperatively time-sliced.
574     pub async_config: AsyncConfig,
575 
576     /// Whether or not host signal handlers are enabled for this configuration,
577     /// aka whether signal handlers are supported.
578     signals_based_traps: bool,
579 }
580 
581 impl WasmtimeConfig {
582     /// Force `self` to be a configuration compatible with `other`. This is
583     /// useful for differential execution to avoid unhelpful fuzz crashes when
584     /// one engine has a feature enabled and the other does not.
585     pub fn make_compatible_with(&mut self, other: &Self) {
586         // Use the same allocation strategy between the two configs.
587         //
588         // Ideally this wouldn't be necessary, but, during differential
589         // evaluation, if the `lhs` is using ondemand and the `rhs` is using the
590         // pooling allocator (or vice versa), then the module may have been
591         // generated in such a way that is incompatible with the other
592         // allocation strategy.
593         //
594         // We can remove this in the future when it's possible to access the
595         // fields of `wasm_smith::Module` to constrain the pooling allocator
596         // based on what was actually generated.
597         self.strategy = other.strategy.clone();
598         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling { .. } = &other.strategy {
599             // Also use the same memory configuration when using the pooling
600             // allocator.
601             self.memory_config = other.memory_config.clone();
602         }
603 
604         self.make_internally_consistent();
605     }
606 
607     /// Updates `config` to be compatible with `self` and the other way around
608     /// too.
609     pub fn update_module_config(
610         &mut self,
611         config: &mut ModuleConfig,
612         _u: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
613     ) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
614         match self.compiler_strategy {
615             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {}
616 
617             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
618                 // Winch is not complete on non-x64 targets, so just abandon this test
619                 // case. We don't want to force Cranelift because we change what module
620                 // config features are enabled based on the compiler strategy, and we
621                 // don't want to make the same fuzz input DNA generate different test
622                 // cases on different targets.
623                 if cfg!(not(target_arch = "x86_64")) {
624                     log::warn!(
625                         "want to compile with Winch but host architecture does not support it"
626                     );
627                     return Err(arbitrary::Error::IncorrectFormat);
628                 }
629 
630                 // Winch doesn't support the same set of wasm proposal as Cranelift
631                 // at this time, so if winch is selected be sure to disable wasm
632                 // proposals in `Config` to ensure that Winch can compile the
633                 // module that wasm-smith generates.
634                 config.config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
635                 config.config.gc_enabled = false;
636                 config.config.tail_call_enabled = false;
637                 config.config.reference_types_enabled = false;
638                 config.function_references_enabled = false;
639 
640                 // Winch's SIMD implementations require AVX and AVX2.
641                 if self
642                     .codegen_flag("has_avx")
643                     .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
644                     || self
645                         .codegen_flag("has_avx2")
646                         .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
647                 {
648                     config.config.simd_enabled = false;
649                 }
650 
651                 // Tuning  the following engine options is currently not supported
652                 // by Winch.
653                 self.signals_based_traps = true;
654                 self.table_lazy_init = true;
655                 self.debug_info = false;
656             }
657 
658             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
659                 config.config.threads_enabled = false;
660             }
661         }
662 
663         // If using the pooling allocator, constrain the memory and module configurations
664         // to the module limits.
665         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.strategy {
666             // If the pooling allocator is used, do not allow shared memory to
667             // be created. FIXME: see
668             // https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4244.
669             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
670 
671             // Ensure the pooling allocator can support the maximal size of
672             // memory, picking the smaller of the two to win.
673             let min_bytes = config
674                 .config
675                 .max_memory32_bytes
676                 // memory64_bytes is a u128, but since we are taking the min
677                 // we can truncate it down to a u64.
678                 .min(
679                     config
680                         .config
681                         .max_memory64_bytes
682                         .try_into()
683                         .unwrap_or(u64::MAX),
684                 );
685             let min = min_bytes
686                 .min(pooling.max_memory_size as u64)
687                 .min(self.memory_config.memory_reservation.unwrap_or(0));
688             pooling.max_memory_size = min as usize;
689             config.config.max_memory32_bytes = min;
690             config.config.max_memory64_bytes = min as u128;
691 
692             // If traps are disallowed then memories must have at least one page
693             // of memory so if we still are only allowing 0 pages of memory then
694             // increase that to one here.
695             if config.config.disallow_traps {
696                 if pooling.max_memory_size < (1 << 16) {
697                     pooling.max_memory_size = 1 << 16;
698                     config.config.max_memory32_bytes = 1 << 16;
699                     config.config.max_memory64_bytes = 1 << 16;
700                     let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
701                     match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
702                         Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
703                         size @ None => *size = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
704                     }
705                 }
706                 // .. additionally update tables
707                 if pooling.table_elements == 0 {
708                     pooling.table_elements = 1;
709                 }
710             }
711 
712             // Don't allow too many linear memories per instance since massive
713             // virtual mappings can fail to get allocated.
714             config.config.min_memories = config.config.min_memories.min(10);
715             config.config.max_memories = config.config.max_memories.min(10);
716 
717             // Force this pooling allocator to always be able to accommodate the
718             // module that may be generated.
719             pooling.total_memories = config.config.max_memories as u32;
720             pooling.total_tables = config.config.max_tables as u32;
721         }
722 
723         if !self.signals_based_traps {
724             // At this time shared memories require a "static" memory
725             // configuration but when signals-based traps are disabled all
726             // memories are forced to the "dynamic" configuration. This is
727             // fixable with some more work on the bounds-checks side of things
728             // to do a full bounds check even on static memories, but that's
729             // left for a future PR.
730             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
731 
732             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so this
733             // must always be disabled if signals-based traps are disabled.
734             self.memory_config
735                 .cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
736         }
737 
738         self.make_internally_consistent();
739 
740         Ok(())
741     }
742 
743     /// Returns the codegen flag value, if any, for `name`.
744     pub(crate) fn codegen_flag(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> {
745         self.codegen.flags().iter().find_map(|(n, value)| {
746             if n == name {
747                 Some(value.as_str())
748             } else {
749                 None
750             }
751         })
752     }
753 
754     /// Helper method to handle some dependencies between various configuration
755     /// options. This is intended to be called whenever a `Config` is created or
756     /// modified to ensure that the final result is an instantiable `Config`.
757     ///
758     /// Note that in general this probably shouldn't exist and anything here can
759     /// be considered a "TODO" to go implement more stuff in Wasmtime to accept
760     /// these sorts of configurations. For now though it's intended to reflect
761     /// the current state of the engine's development.
762     fn make_internally_consistent(&mut self) {
763         if !self.signals_based_traps {
764             let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
765             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so
766             // this must always be disabled if signals-based traps are
767             // disabled.
768             cfg.cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
769 
770             // With configuration settings that match the use of malloc for
771             // linear memories cap the `memory_reservation_for_growth` value
772             // to something reasonable to avoid OOM in fuzzing.
773             if !cfg.memory_init_cow
774                 && cfg.memory_guard_size == Some(0)
775                 && cfg.memory_reservation == Some(0)
776             {
777                 let min = 10 << 20; // 10 MiB
778                 if let Some(val) = &mut cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth {
779                     *val = (*val).min(min);
780                 } else {
781                     cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth = Some(min);
782                 }
783             }
784         }
785     }
786 }
787 
788 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
789 enum OptLevel {
790     None,
791     Speed,
792     SpeedAndSize,
793 }
794 
795 impl OptLevel {
796     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::OptLevel {
797         match self {
798             OptLevel::None => wasmtime::OptLevel::None,
799             OptLevel::Speed => wasmtime::OptLevel::Speed,
800             OptLevel::SpeedAndSize => wasmtime::OptLevel::SpeedAndSize,
801         }
802     }
803 }
804 
805 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
806 enum RegallocAlgorithm {
807     Backtracking,
808     SinglePass,
809 }
810 
811 impl RegallocAlgorithm {
812     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm {
813         match self {
814             RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking => wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking,
815             // Note: we have disabled `single_pass` for now because of
816             // its limitations w.r.t. exception handling
817             // (https://github.com/bytecodealliance/regalloc2/issues/217). To
818             // avoid breaking all existing fuzzbugs by changing the
819             // `arbitrary` mappings, we keep the `RegallocAlgorithm`
820             // enum as it is and remap here to `Backtracking`.
821             RegallocAlgorithm::SinglePass => wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking,
822         }
823     }
824 }
825 
826 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
827 /// Compiler to use.
828 pub enum CompilerStrategy {
829     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
830     CraneliftNative,
831     /// Winch compiler.
832     Winch,
833     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
834     CraneliftPulley,
835 }
836 
837 impl CompilerStrategy {
838     /// Configures `config` to use this compilation strategy
839     pub fn configure(&self, config: &mut wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions) {
840         match self {
841             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
842                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
843             }
844             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
845                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Winch);
846             }
847             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
848                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
849                 config.target = Some("pulley64".to_string());
850             }
851         }
852     }
853 }
854 
855 impl Arbitrary<'_> for CompilerStrategy {
856     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
857         // Favor fuzzing native cranelift, but if allowed also enable
858         // winch/pulley.
859         match u.int_in_range(0..=19)? {
860             1 => Ok(Self::CraneliftPulley),
861             2 => Ok(Self::Winch),
862             _ => Ok(Self::CraneliftNative),
863         }
864     }
865 }
866 
867 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
868 pub enum Collector {
869     DeferredReferenceCounting,
870     Null,
871 }
872 
873 impl Collector {
874     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Collector {
875         match self {
876             Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => wasmtime::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting,
877             Collector::Null => wasmtime::Collector::Null,
878         }
879     }
880 }
881