1 //! Generate a configuration for both Wasmtime and the Wasm module to execute.
2 
3 use super::{AsyncConfig, CodegenSettings, InstanceAllocationStrategy, MemoryConfig, ModuleConfig};
4 use crate::oracles::{StoreLimits, Timeout};
5 use arbitrary::{Arbitrary, Unstructured};
6 use std::time::Duration;
7 use wasmtime::Result;
8 use wasmtime::{Enabled, Engine, Module, Store};
9 use wasmtime_test_util::wast::{WastConfig, WastTest, limits};
10 
11 /// Configuration for `wasmtime::Config` and generated modules for a session of
12 /// fuzzing.
13 ///
14 /// This configuration guides what modules are generated, how wasmtime
15 /// configuration is generated, and is typically itself generated through a call
16 /// to `Arbitrary` which allows for a form of "swarm testing".
17 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
18 pub struct Config {
19     /// Configuration related to the `wasmtime::Config`.
20     pub wasmtime: WasmtimeConfig,
21     /// Configuration related to generated modules.
22     pub module_config: ModuleConfig,
23 }
24 
25 impl Config {
26     /// Indicates that this configuration is being used for differential
27     /// execution.
28     ///
29     /// The purpose of this function is to update the configuration which was
30     /// generated to be compatible with execution in multiple engines. The goal
31     /// is to produce the exact same result in all engines so we need to paper
32     /// over things like nan differences and memory/table behavior differences.
33     pub fn set_differential_config(&mut self) {
34         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
35 
36         // Make it more likely that there are types available to generate a
37         // function with.
38         config.min_types = config.min_types.max(1);
39         config.max_types = config.max_types.max(1);
40 
41         // Generate at least one function
42         config.min_funcs = config.min_funcs.max(1);
43         config.max_funcs = config.max_funcs.max(1);
44 
45         // Allow a memory to be generated, but don't let it get too large.
46         // Additionally require the maximum size to guarantee that the growth
47         // behavior is consistent across engines.
48         config.max_memory32_bytes = 10 << 16;
49         config.max_memory64_bytes = 10 << 16;
50         config.memory_max_size_required = true;
51 
52         // If tables are generated make sure they don't get too large to avoid
53         // hitting any engine-specific limit. Additionally ensure that the
54         // maximum size is required to guarantee consistent growth across
55         // engines.
56         //
57         // Note that while reference types are disabled below, only allow one
58         // table.
59         config.max_table_elements = 1_000;
60         config.table_max_size_required = true;
61 
62         // Don't allow any imports
63         config.max_imports = 0;
64 
65         // Try to get the function and the memory exported
66         config.export_everything = true;
67 
68         // NaN is canonicalized at the wasm level for differential fuzzing so we
69         // can paper over NaN differences between engines.
70         config.canonicalize_nans = true;
71 
72         // If using the pooling allocator, update the instance limits too
73         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
74             // One single-page memory
75             pooling.total_memories = config.max_memories as u32;
76             pooling.max_memory_size = 10 << 16;
77             pooling.max_memories_per_module = config.max_memories as u32;
78             if pooling.memory_protection_keys == Enabled::Auto
79                 && pooling.max_memory_protection_keys > 1
80             {
81                 pooling.total_memories =
82                     pooling.total_memories * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32);
83             }
84 
85             pooling.total_tables = config.max_tables as u32;
86             pooling.table_elements = 1_000;
87             pooling.max_tables_per_module = config.max_tables as u32;
88 
89             pooling.core_instance_size = 1_000_000;
90 
91             let cfg = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config;
92             match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
93                 Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
94                 other @ None => *other = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
95             }
96         }
97 
98         // These instructions are explicitly not expected to be exactly the same
99         // across engines. Don't fuzz them.
100         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
101     }
102 
103     /// Uses this configuration and the supplied source of data to generate
104     /// a wasm module.
105     ///
106     /// If a `default_fuel` is provided, the resulting module will be configured
107     /// to ensure termination; as doing so will add an additional global to the module,
108     /// the pooling allocator, if configured, will also have its globals limit updated.
109     pub fn generate(
110         &self,
111         input: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
112         default_fuel: Option<u32>,
113     ) -> arbitrary::Result<wasm_smith::Module> {
114         self.module_config.generate(input, default_fuel)
115     }
116 
117     /// Updates this configuration to be able to run the `test` specified.
118     ///
119     /// This primarily updates `self.module_config` to ensure that it enables
120     /// all features and proposals necessary to execute the `test` specified.
121     /// This will additionally update limits in the pooling allocator to be able
122     /// to execute all tests.
123     pub fn make_wast_test_compliant(&mut self, test: &WastTest) -> WastConfig {
124         let wasmtime_test_util::wast::TestConfig {
125             memory64,
126             custom_page_sizes,
127             multi_memory,
128             threads,
129             shared_everything_threads,
130             gc,
131             function_references,
132             relaxed_simd,
133             reference_types,
134             tail_call,
135             extended_const,
136             wide_arithmetic,
137             component_model_async,
138             component_model_async_builtins,
139             component_model_async_stackful,
140             component_model_threading,
141             component_model_error_context,
142             component_model_gc,
143             component_model_fixed_length_lists,
144             simd,
145             exceptions,
146             legacy_exceptions: _,
147             custom_descriptors: _,
148 
149             hogs_memory: _,
150             nan_canonicalization: _,
151             gc_types: _,
152             stack_switching: _,
153             spec_test: _,
154         } = test.config;
155 
156         // Enable/disable some proposals that aren't configurable in wasm-smith
157         // but are configurable in Wasmtime.
158         self.module_config.function_references_enabled =
159             function_references.or(gc).unwrap_or(false);
160         self.module_config.component_model_async = component_model_async.unwrap_or(false);
161         self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins =
162             component_model_async_builtins.unwrap_or(false);
163         self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful =
164             component_model_async_stackful.unwrap_or(false);
165         self.module_config.component_model_threading = component_model_threading.unwrap_or(false);
166         self.module_config.component_model_error_context =
167             component_model_error_context.unwrap_or(false);
168         self.module_config.component_model_gc = component_model_gc.unwrap_or(false);
169         self.module_config.component_model_fixed_length_lists =
170             component_model_fixed_length_lists.unwrap_or(false);
171 
172         // Enable/disable proposals that wasm-smith has knobs for which will be
173         // read when creating `wasmtime::Config`.
174         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
175         config.bulk_memory_enabled = true;
176         config.multi_value_enabled = true;
177         config.wide_arithmetic_enabled = wide_arithmetic.unwrap_or(false);
178         config.memory64_enabled = memory64.unwrap_or(false);
179         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = relaxed_simd.unwrap_or(false);
180         config.simd_enabled = config.relaxed_simd_enabled || simd.unwrap_or(false);
181         config.tail_call_enabled = tail_call.unwrap_or(false);
182         config.custom_page_sizes_enabled = custom_page_sizes.unwrap_or(false);
183         config.threads_enabled = threads.unwrap_or(false);
184         config.shared_everything_threads_enabled = shared_everything_threads.unwrap_or(false);
185         config.gc_enabled = gc.unwrap_or(false);
186         config.reference_types_enabled = config.gc_enabled
187             || self.module_config.function_references_enabled
188             || reference_types.unwrap_or(false);
189         config.extended_const_enabled = extended_const.unwrap_or(false);
190         config.exceptions_enabled = exceptions.unwrap_or(false);
191         if multi_memory.unwrap_or(false) {
192             config.max_memories = limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE as usize;
193         } else {
194             config.max_memories = 1;
195         }
196 
197         if let Some(n) = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config.memory_reservation {
198             *n = (*n).max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE as u64);
199         }
200 
201         // FIXME: it might be more ideal to avoid the need for this entirely
202         // and to just let the test fail. If a test fails due to a pooling
203         // allocator resource limit being met we could ideally detect that and
204         // let the fuzz test case pass. That would avoid the need to hardcode
205         // so much here and in theory wouldn't reduce the usefulness of fuzzers
206         // all that much. At this time though we can't easily test this configuration.
207         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
208             // Clamp protection keys between 1 & 2 to reduce the number of
209             // slots and then multiply the total memories by the number of keys
210             // we have since a single store has access to only one key.
211             pooling.max_memory_protection_keys = pooling.max_memory_protection_keys.max(1).min(2);
212             pooling.total_memories = pooling
213                 .total_memories
214                 .max(limits::MEMORIES * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32));
215 
216             // For other limits make sure they meet the minimum threshold
217             // required for our wast tests.
218             pooling.total_component_instances = pooling
219                 .total_component_instances
220                 .max(limits::COMPONENT_INSTANCES);
221             pooling.total_tables = pooling.total_tables.max(limits::TABLES);
222             pooling.max_tables_per_module =
223                 pooling.max_tables_per_module.max(limits::TABLES_PER_MODULE);
224             pooling.max_memories_per_module = pooling
225                 .max_memories_per_module
226                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
227             pooling.max_memories_per_component = pooling
228                 .max_memories_per_component
229                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
230             pooling.total_core_instances = pooling.total_core_instances.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCES);
231             pooling.max_memory_size = pooling.max_memory_size.max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE);
232             pooling.table_elements = pooling.table_elements.max(limits::TABLE_ELEMENTS);
233             pooling.core_instance_size = pooling.core_instance_size.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
234             pooling.component_instance_size = pooling
235                 .component_instance_size
236                 .max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
237             pooling.total_stacks = pooling.total_stacks.max(limits::TOTAL_STACKS);
238         }
239 
240         // Return the test configuration that this fuzz configuration represents
241         // which is used afterwards to test if the `test` here is expected to
242         // fail or not.
243         WastConfig {
244             collector: match self.wasmtime.collector {
245                 Collector::Null => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::Null,
246                 Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => {
247                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting
248                 }
249             },
250             pooling: matches!(
251                 self.wasmtime.strategy,
252                 InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(_)
253             ),
254             compiler: match self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy {
255                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
256                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftNative
257                 }
258                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
259                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftPulley
260                 }
261                 CompilerStrategy::Winch => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::Winch,
262             },
263         }
264     }
265 
266     /// Converts this to a `wasmtime::Config` object
267     pub fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Config {
268         crate::init_fuzzing();
269 
270         let mut cfg = wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions::default();
271         cfg.codegen.native_unwind_info =
272             Some(cfg!(target_os = "windows") || self.wasmtime.native_unwind_info);
273         cfg.codegen.parallel_compilation = Some(false);
274 
275         cfg.debug.address_map = Some(self.wasmtime.generate_address_map);
276         cfg.opts.opt_level = Some(self.wasmtime.opt_level.to_wasmtime());
277         cfg.opts.regalloc_algorithm = Some(self.wasmtime.regalloc_algorithm.to_wasmtime());
278         cfg.opts.signals_based_traps = Some(self.wasmtime.signals_based_traps);
279         cfg.opts.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size = Some(std::cmp::min(
280             // Clamp this at 16MiB so we don't get huge in-memory
281             // images during fuzzing.
282             16 << 20,
283             self.wasmtime.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size,
284         ));
285         cfg.wasm.async_stack_zeroing = Some(self.wasmtime.async_stack_zeroing);
286         cfg.wasm.bulk_memory = Some(true);
287         cfg.wasm.component_model_async = Some(self.module_config.component_model_async);
288         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_builtins =
289             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins);
290         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_stackful =
291             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful);
292         cfg.wasm.component_model_threading = Some(self.module_config.component_model_threading);
293         cfg.wasm.component_model_error_context =
294             Some(self.module_config.component_model_error_context);
295         cfg.wasm.component_model_gc = Some(self.module_config.component_model_gc);
296         cfg.wasm.component_model_fixed_length_lists =
297             Some(self.module_config.component_model_fixed_length_lists);
298         cfg.wasm.custom_page_sizes = Some(self.module_config.config.custom_page_sizes_enabled);
299         cfg.wasm.epoch_interruption = Some(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
300         cfg.wasm.extended_const = Some(self.module_config.config.extended_const_enabled);
301         cfg.wasm.fuel = self.wasmtime.consume_fuel.then(|| u64::MAX);
302         cfg.wasm.function_references = Some(self.module_config.function_references_enabled);
303         cfg.wasm.gc = Some(self.module_config.config.gc_enabled);
304         cfg.wasm.memory64 = Some(self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled);
305         cfg.wasm.multi_memory = Some(self.module_config.config.max_memories > 1);
306         cfg.wasm.multi_value = Some(self.module_config.config.multi_value_enabled);
307         cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(self.wasmtime.canonicalize_nans);
308         cfg.wasm.reference_types = Some(self.module_config.config.reference_types_enabled);
309         cfg.wasm.simd = Some(self.module_config.config.simd_enabled);
310         cfg.wasm.tail_call = Some(self.module_config.config.tail_call_enabled);
311         cfg.wasm.threads = Some(self.module_config.config.threads_enabled);
312         cfg.wasm.shared_everything_threads =
313             Some(self.module_config.config.shared_everything_threads_enabled);
314         cfg.wasm.wide_arithmetic = Some(self.module_config.config.wide_arithmetic_enabled);
315         cfg.wasm.exceptions = Some(self.module_config.config.exceptions_enabled);
316         cfg.wasm.shared_memory = Some(self.module_config.shared_memory);
317         if !self.module_config.config.simd_enabled {
318             cfg.wasm.relaxed_simd = Some(false);
319         }
320         cfg.codegen.collector = Some(self.wasmtime.collector.to_wasmtime());
321 
322         let compiler_strategy = &self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy;
323         let cranelift_strategy = match compiler_strategy {
324             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative | CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => true,
325             CompilerStrategy::Winch => false,
326         };
327         self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
328 
329         self.wasmtime.codegen.configure(&mut cfg);
330 
331         // Determine whether we will actually enable PCC -- this is
332         // disabled if the module requires memory64, which is not yet
333         // compatible (due to the need for dynamic checks).
334         let pcc = cfg!(feature = "fuzz-pcc")
335             && self.wasmtime.pcc
336             && !self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled;
337 
338         cfg.codegen.inlining = self.wasmtime.inlining;
339 
340         // Only set cranelift specific flags when the Cranelift strategy is
341         // chosen.
342         if cranelift_strategy {
343             if let Some(option) = self.wasmtime.inlining_intra_module {
344                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
345                     "wasmtime_inlining_intra_module".to_string(),
346                     Some(option.to_string()),
347                 ));
348             }
349             if let Some(size) = self.wasmtime.inlining_small_callee_size {
350                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
351                     "wasmtime_inlining_small_callee_size".to_string(),
352                     // Clamp to avoid extreme code size blow up.
353                     Some(std::cmp::min(1000, size).to_string()),
354                 ));
355             }
356             if let Some(size) = self.wasmtime.inlining_sum_size_threshold {
357                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
358                     "wasmtime_inlining_sum_size_threshold".to_string(),
359                     // Clamp to avoid extreme code size blow up.
360                     Some(std::cmp::min(1000, size).to_string()),
361                 ));
362             }
363 
364             // If the wasm-smith-generated module use nan canonicalization then we
365             // don't need to enable it, but if it doesn't enable it already then we
366             // enable this codegen option.
367             cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(!self.module_config.config.canonicalize_nans);
368 
369             // Enabling the verifier will at-least-double compilation time, which
370             // with a 20-30x slowdown in fuzzing can cause issues related to
371             // timeouts. If generated modules can have more than a small handful of
372             // functions then disable the verifier when fuzzing to try to lessen the
373             // impact of timeouts.
374             if self.module_config.config.max_funcs > 10 {
375                 cfg.codegen.cranelift_debug_verifier = Some(false);
376             }
377 
378             if self.wasmtime.force_jump_veneers {
379                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
380                     "wasmtime_linkopt_force_jump_veneer".to_string(),
381                     Some("true".to_string()),
382                 ));
383             }
384 
385             if let Some(pad) = self.wasmtime.padding_between_functions {
386                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
387                     "wasmtime_linkopt_padding_between_functions".to_string(),
388                     Some(pad.to_string()),
389                 ));
390             }
391 
392             cfg.codegen.pcc = Some(pcc);
393 
394             // Eager init is currently only supported on Cranelift, not Winch.
395             cfg.opts.table_lazy_init = Some(self.wasmtime.table_lazy_init);
396         }
397 
398         self.wasmtime.strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
399 
400         // Vary the memory configuration, but only if threads are not enabled.
401         // When the threads proposal is enabled we might generate shared memory,
402         // which is less amenable to different memory configurations:
403         // - shared memories are required to be "static" so fuzzing the various
404         //   memory configurations will mostly result in uninteresting errors.
405         //   The interesting part about shared memories is the runtime so we
406         //   don't fuzz non-default settings.
407         // - shared memories are required to be aligned which means that the
408         //   `CustomUnaligned` variant isn't actually safe to use with a shared
409         //   memory.
410         if !self.module_config.config.threads_enabled {
411             // If PCC is enabled, force other options to be compatible: PCC is currently only
412             // supported when bounds checks are elided.
413             let memory_config = if pcc {
414                 MemoryConfig {
415                     memory_reservation: Some(4 << 30), // 4 GiB
416                     memory_guard_size: Some(2 << 30),  // 2 GiB
417                     memory_reservation_for_growth: Some(0),
418                     guard_before_linear_memory: false,
419                     memory_init_cow: true,
420                     // Doesn't matter, only using virtual memory.
421                     cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations: None,
422                 }
423             } else {
424                 self.wasmtime.memory_config.clone()
425             };
426 
427             memory_config.configure(&mut cfg);
428         };
429 
430         // If malloc-based memory is going to be used, which requires these four
431         // options set to specific values (and Pulley auto-sets two of them)
432         // then be sure to cap `memory_reservation_for_growth` at a smaller
433         // value than the default. For malloc-based memory reservation beyond
434         // the end of memory isn't captured by `StoreLimiter` so we need to be
435         // sure it's small enough to not blow OOM limits while fuzzing.
436         if ((cfg.opts.signals_based_traps == Some(true) && cfg.opts.memory_guard_size == Some(0))
437             || self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy == CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley)
438             && cfg.opts.memory_reservation == Some(0)
439             && cfg.opts.memory_init_cow == Some(false)
440         {
441             let growth = &mut cfg.opts.memory_reservation_for_growth;
442             let max = 1 << 20;
443             *growth = match *growth {
444                 Some(n) => Some(n.min(max)),
445                 None => Some(max),
446             };
447         }
448 
449         log::debug!("creating wasmtime config with CLI options:\n{cfg}");
450         let mut cfg = cfg.config(None).expect("failed to create wasmtime::Config");
451 
452         if self.wasmtime.async_config != AsyncConfig::Disabled {
453             log::debug!("async config in use {:?}", self.wasmtime.async_config);
454             self.wasmtime.async_config.configure(&mut cfg);
455         }
456 
457         // Fuzzing on macOS with mach ports seems to sometimes bypass the mach
458         // port handling thread entirely and go straight to asan's or fuzzing's
459         // signal handler. No idea why and for me at least it's just easier to
460         // disable mach ports when fuzzing because there's no need to use that
461         // over signal handlers.
462         if cfg!(target_vendor = "apple") {
463             cfg.macos_use_mach_ports(false);
464         }
465 
466         return cfg;
467     }
468 
469     /// Convenience function for generating a `Store<T>` using this
470     /// configuration.
471     pub fn to_store(&self) -> Store<StoreLimits> {
472         let engine = Engine::new(&self.to_wasmtime()).unwrap();
473         let mut store = Store::new(&engine, StoreLimits::new());
474         self.configure_store(&mut store);
475         store
476     }
477 
478     /// Configures a store based on this configuration.
479     pub fn configure_store(&self, store: &mut Store<StoreLimits>) {
480         store.limiter(|s| s as &mut dyn wasmtime::ResourceLimiter);
481         self.configure_store_epoch_and_fuel(store);
482     }
483 
484     /// Configures everything unrelated to `T` in a store, such as epochs and
485     /// fuel.
486     pub fn configure_store_epoch_and_fuel<T>(&self, store: &mut Store<T>) {
487         // Configure the store to never abort by default, that is it'll have
488         // max fuel or otherwise trap on an epoch change but the epoch won't
489         // ever change.
490         //
491         // Afterwards though see what `AsyncConfig` is being used an further
492         // refine the store's configuration based on that.
493         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel {
494             store.set_fuel(u64::MAX).unwrap();
495         }
496         if self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption {
497             store.epoch_deadline_trap();
498             store.set_epoch_deadline(1);
499         }
500         match self.wasmtime.async_config {
501             AsyncConfig::Disabled => {}
502             AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(amt) => {
503                 assert!(self.wasmtime.consume_fuel);
504                 store.fuel_async_yield_interval(Some(amt)).unwrap();
505             }
506             AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs { ticks, .. } => {
507                 assert!(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
508                 store.set_epoch_deadline(ticks);
509                 store.epoch_deadline_async_yield_and_update(ticks);
510             }
511         }
512     }
513 
514     /// Generates an arbitrary method of timing out an instance, ensuring that
515     /// this configuration supports the returned timeout.
516     pub fn generate_timeout(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Timeout> {
517         let time_duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
518         let timeout = u
519             .choose(&[Timeout::Fuel(100_000), Timeout::Epoch(time_duration)])?
520             .clone();
521         match &timeout {
522             Timeout::Fuel(..) => {
523                 self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
524             }
525             Timeout::Epoch(..) => {
526                 self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
527             }
528             Timeout::None => unreachable!("Not an option given to choose()"),
529         }
530         Ok(timeout)
531     }
532 
533     /// Compiles the `wasm` within the `engine` provided.
534     ///
535     /// This notably will use `Module::{serialize,deserialize_file}` to
536     /// round-trip if configured in the fuzzer.
537     pub fn compile(&self, engine: &Engine, wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<Module> {
538         // Propagate this error in case the caller wants to handle
539         // valid-vs-invalid wasm.
540         let module = Module::new(engine, wasm)?;
541         if !self.wasmtime.use_precompiled_cwasm {
542             return Ok(module);
543         }
544 
545         // Don't propagate these errors to prevent them from accidentally being
546         // interpreted as invalid wasm, these should never fail on a
547         // well-behaved host system.
548         let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
549         let file = dir.path().join("module.wasm");
550         std::fs::write(&file, module.serialize().unwrap()).unwrap();
551         unsafe { Ok(Module::deserialize_file(engine, &file).unwrap()) }
552     }
553 
554     /// Updates this configuration to forcibly enable async support. Only useful
555     /// in fuzzers which do async calls.
556     pub fn enable_async(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
557         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel || u.arbitrary()? {
558             self.wasmtime.async_config =
559                 AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(u.int_in_range(1000..=100_000)?);
560             self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
561         } else {
562             self.wasmtime.async_config = AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs {
563                 dur: Duration::from_millis(u.int_in_range(1..=10)?),
564                 ticks: u.int_in_range(1..=10)?,
565             };
566             self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
567         }
568         Ok(())
569     }
570 }
571 
572 impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for Config {
573     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
574         let mut config = Self {
575             wasmtime: u.arbitrary()?,
576             module_config: u.arbitrary()?,
577         };
578 
579         config
580             .wasmtime
581             .update_module_config(&mut config.module_config, u)?;
582 
583         Ok(config)
584     }
585 }
586 
587 /// Configuration related to `wasmtime::Config` and the various settings which
588 /// can be tweaked from within.
589 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
590 pub struct WasmtimeConfig {
591     opt_level: OptLevel,
592     regalloc_algorithm: RegallocAlgorithm,
593     debug_info: bool,
594     canonicalize_nans: bool,
595     interruptible: bool,
596     pub(crate) consume_fuel: bool,
597     pub(crate) epoch_interruption: bool,
598     /// The Wasmtime memory configuration to use.
599     pub memory_config: MemoryConfig,
600     force_jump_veneers: bool,
601     memory_init_cow: bool,
602     memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size: u64,
603     inlining: Option<bool>,
604     inlining_intra_module: Option<IntraModuleInlining>,
605     inlining_small_callee_size: Option<u32>,
606     inlining_sum_size_threshold: Option<u32>,
607     use_precompiled_cwasm: bool,
608     async_stack_zeroing: bool,
609     /// Configuration for the instance allocation strategy to use.
610     pub strategy: InstanceAllocationStrategy,
611     codegen: CodegenSettings,
612     padding_between_functions: Option<u16>,
613     generate_address_map: bool,
614     native_unwind_info: bool,
615     /// Configuration for the compiler to use.
616     pub compiler_strategy: CompilerStrategy,
617     collector: Collector,
618     table_lazy_init: bool,
619 
620     /// Whether or not fuzzing should enable PCC.
621     pcc: bool,
622 
623     /// Configuration for whether wasm is invoked in an async fashion and how
624     /// it's cooperatively time-sliced.
625     pub async_config: AsyncConfig,
626 
627     /// Whether or not host signal handlers are enabled for this configuration,
628     /// aka whether signal handlers are supported.
629     signals_based_traps: bool,
630 }
631 
632 impl WasmtimeConfig {
633     /// Force `self` to be a configuration compatible with `other`. This is
634     /// useful for differential execution to avoid unhelpful fuzz crashes when
635     /// one engine has a feature enabled and the other does not.
636     pub fn make_compatible_with(&mut self, other: &Self) {
637         // Use the same allocation strategy between the two configs.
638         //
639         // Ideally this wouldn't be necessary, but, during differential
640         // evaluation, if the `lhs` is using ondemand and the `rhs` is using the
641         // pooling allocator (or vice versa), then the module may have been
642         // generated in such a way that is incompatible with the other
643         // allocation strategy.
644         //
645         // We can remove this in the future when it's possible to access the
646         // fields of `wasm_smith::Module` to constrain the pooling allocator
647         // based on what was actually generated.
648         self.strategy = other.strategy.clone();
649         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling { .. } = &other.strategy {
650             // Also use the same memory configuration when using the pooling
651             // allocator.
652             self.memory_config = other.memory_config.clone();
653         }
654 
655         self.make_internally_consistent();
656     }
657 
658     /// Updates `config` to be compatible with `self` and the other way around
659     /// too.
660     pub fn update_module_config(
661         &mut self,
662         config: &mut ModuleConfig,
663         _u: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
664     ) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
665         match self.compiler_strategy {
666             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {}
667 
668             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
669                 // Winch is not complete on non-x64 targets, so just abandon this test
670                 // case. We don't want to force Cranelift because we change what module
671                 // config features are enabled based on the compiler strategy, and we
672                 // don't want to make the same fuzz input DNA generate different test
673                 // cases on different targets.
674                 if cfg!(not(any(target_arch = "x86_64", target_arch = "aarch64"))) {
675                     log::warn!(
676                         "want to compile with Winch but host architecture does not support it"
677                     );
678                     return Err(arbitrary::Error::IncorrectFormat);
679                 }
680 
681                 // Winch doesn't support the same set of wasm proposal as Cranelift
682                 // at this time, so if winch is selected be sure to disable wasm
683                 // proposals in `Config` to ensure that Winch can compile the
684                 // module that wasm-smith generates.
685                 config.config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
686                 config.config.gc_enabled = false;
687                 config.config.tail_call_enabled = false;
688                 config.config.reference_types_enabled = false;
689                 config.config.exceptions_enabled = false;
690                 config.function_references_enabled = false;
691 
692                 // Winch's SIMD implementations require AVX and AVX2.
693                 if self
694                     .codegen_flag("has_avx")
695                     .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
696                     || self
697                         .codegen_flag("has_avx2")
698                         .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
699                 {
700                     config.config.simd_enabled = false;
701                 }
702 
703                 // Account for the proposals that are currently only
704                 // supported on x64.
705                 if cfg!(target_arch = "aarch64") {
706                     config.config.simd_enabled = false;
707                     config.config.wide_arithmetic_enabled = false;
708                     config.config.threads_enabled = false;
709                 }
710 
711                 // Tuning  the following engine options is currently not supported
712                 // by Winch.
713                 self.signals_based_traps = true;
714                 self.table_lazy_init = true;
715                 self.debug_info = false;
716             }
717 
718             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
719                 config.config.threads_enabled = false;
720             }
721         }
722 
723         // If using the pooling allocator, constrain the memory and module configurations
724         // to the module limits.
725         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.strategy {
726             // If the pooling allocator is used, do not allow shared memory to
727             // be created. FIXME: see
728             // https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4244.
729             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
730 
731             // Ensure the pooling allocator can support the maximal size of
732             // memory, picking the smaller of the two to win.
733             let min_bytes = config
734                 .config
735                 .max_memory32_bytes
736                 // memory64_bytes is a u128, but since we are taking the min
737                 // we can truncate it down to a u64.
738                 .min(
739                     config
740                         .config
741                         .max_memory64_bytes
742                         .try_into()
743                         .unwrap_or(u64::MAX),
744                 );
745             let min = min_bytes
746                 .min(pooling.max_memory_size as u64)
747                 .min(self.memory_config.memory_reservation.unwrap_or(0));
748             pooling.max_memory_size = min as usize;
749             config.config.max_memory32_bytes = min;
750             config.config.max_memory64_bytes = min as u128;
751 
752             // If traps are disallowed then memories must have at least one page
753             // of memory so if we still are only allowing 0 pages of memory then
754             // increase that to one here.
755             if config.config.disallow_traps {
756                 if pooling.max_memory_size < (1 << 16) {
757                     pooling.max_memory_size = 1 << 16;
758                     config.config.max_memory32_bytes = 1 << 16;
759                     config.config.max_memory64_bytes = 1 << 16;
760                     let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
761                     match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
762                         Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
763                         size @ None => *size = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
764                     }
765                 }
766                 // .. additionally update tables
767                 if pooling.table_elements == 0 {
768                     pooling.table_elements = 1;
769                 }
770             }
771 
772             // Don't allow too many linear memories per instance since massive
773             // virtual mappings can fail to get allocated.
774             config.config.min_memories = config.config.min_memories.min(10);
775             config.config.max_memories = config.config.max_memories.min(10);
776 
777             // Force this pooling allocator to always be able to accommodate the
778             // module that may be generated.
779             pooling.total_memories = config.config.max_memories as u32;
780             pooling.total_tables = config.config.max_tables as u32;
781         }
782 
783         if !self.signals_based_traps {
784             // At this time shared memories require a "static" memory
785             // configuration but when signals-based traps are disabled all
786             // memories are forced to the "dynamic" configuration. This is
787             // fixable with some more work on the bounds-checks side of things
788             // to do a full bounds check even on static memories, but that's
789             // left for a future PR.
790             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
791 
792             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so this
793             // must always be disabled if signals-based traps are disabled.
794             self.memory_config
795                 .cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
796         }
797 
798         self.make_internally_consistent();
799 
800         Ok(())
801     }
802 
803     /// Returns the codegen flag value, if any, for `name`.
804     pub(crate) fn codegen_flag(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> {
805         self.codegen.flags().iter().find_map(|(n, value)| {
806             if n == name {
807                 Some(value.as_str())
808             } else {
809                 None
810             }
811         })
812     }
813 
814     /// Helper method to handle some dependencies between various configuration
815     /// options. This is intended to be called whenever a `Config` is created or
816     /// modified to ensure that the final result is an instantiable `Config`.
817     ///
818     /// Note that in general this probably shouldn't exist and anything here can
819     /// be considered a "TODO" to go implement more stuff in Wasmtime to accept
820     /// these sorts of configurations. For now though it's intended to reflect
821     /// the current state of the engine's development.
822     fn make_internally_consistent(&mut self) {
823         if !self.signals_based_traps {
824             let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
825             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so
826             // this must always be disabled if signals-based traps are
827             // disabled.
828             cfg.cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
829 
830             // With configuration settings that match the use of malloc for
831             // linear memories cap the `memory_reservation_for_growth` value
832             // to something reasonable to avoid OOM in fuzzing.
833             if !cfg.memory_init_cow
834                 && cfg.memory_guard_size == Some(0)
835                 && cfg.memory_reservation == Some(0)
836             {
837                 let min = 10 << 20; // 10 MiB
838                 if let Some(val) = &mut cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth {
839                     *val = (*val).min(min);
840                 } else {
841                     cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth = Some(min);
842                 }
843             }
844         }
845     }
846 }
847 
848 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
849 enum OptLevel {
850     None,
851     Speed,
852     SpeedAndSize,
853 }
854 
855 impl OptLevel {
856     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::OptLevel {
857         match self {
858             OptLevel::None => wasmtime::OptLevel::None,
859             OptLevel::Speed => wasmtime::OptLevel::Speed,
860             OptLevel::SpeedAndSize => wasmtime::OptLevel::SpeedAndSize,
861         }
862     }
863 }
864 
865 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
866 enum RegallocAlgorithm {
867     Backtracking,
868     SinglePass,
869 }
870 
871 impl RegallocAlgorithm {
872     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm {
873         match self {
874             RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking => wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking,
875             RegallocAlgorithm::SinglePass => {
876                 // FIXME(#11850)
877                 const SINGLE_PASS_KNOWN_BUGGY_AT_THIS_TIME: bool = true;
878                 if SINGLE_PASS_KNOWN_BUGGY_AT_THIS_TIME {
879                     wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking
880                 } else {
881                     wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::SinglePass
882                 }
883             }
884         }
885     }
886 }
887 
888 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
889 enum IntraModuleInlining {
890     Yes,
891     No,
892     WhenUsingGc,
893 }
894 
895 impl std::fmt::Display for IntraModuleInlining {
896     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
897         match self {
898             IntraModuleInlining::Yes => write!(f, "yes"),
899             IntraModuleInlining::No => write!(f, "no"),
900             IntraModuleInlining::WhenUsingGc => write!(f, "gc"),
901         }
902     }
903 }
904 
905 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
906 /// Compiler to use.
907 pub enum CompilerStrategy {
908     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
909     CraneliftNative,
910     /// Winch compiler.
911     Winch,
912     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
913     CraneliftPulley,
914 }
915 
916 impl CompilerStrategy {
917     /// Configures `config` to use this compilation strategy
918     pub fn configure(&self, config: &mut wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions) {
919         match self {
920             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
921                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
922             }
923             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
924                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Winch);
925             }
926             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
927                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
928                 config.target = Some("pulley64".to_string());
929             }
930         }
931     }
932 }
933 
934 impl Arbitrary<'_> for CompilerStrategy {
935     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
936         // Favor fuzzing native cranelift, but if allowed also enable
937         // winch/pulley.
938         match u.int_in_range(0..=19)? {
939             1 => Ok(Self::CraneliftPulley),
940             2 => Ok(Self::Winch),
941             _ => Ok(Self::CraneliftNative),
942         }
943     }
944 }
945 
946 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
947 pub enum Collector {
948     DeferredReferenceCounting,
949     Null,
950 }
951 
952 impl Collector {
953     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Collector {
954         match self {
955             Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => wasmtime::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting,
956             Collector::Null => wasmtime::Collector::Null,
957         }
958     }
959 }
960