1 //! Generate a configuration for both Wasmtime and the Wasm module to execute.
2 
3 use super::{AsyncConfig, CodegenSettings, InstanceAllocationStrategy, MemoryConfig, ModuleConfig};
4 use crate::oracles::{StoreLimits, Timeout};
5 use anyhow::Result;
6 use arbitrary::{Arbitrary, Unstructured};
7 use std::time::Duration;
8 use wasmtime::{Enabled, Engine, Module, Store};
9 use wasmtime_test_util::wast::{WastConfig, WastTest, limits};
10 
11 /// Configuration for `wasmtime::Config` and generated modules for a session of
12 /// fuzzing.
13 ///
14 /// This configuration guides what modules are generated, how wasmtime
15 /// configuration is generated, and is typically itself generated through a call
16 /// to `Arbitrary` which allows for a form of "swarm testing".
17 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
18 pub struct Config {
19     /// Configuration related to the `wasmtime::Config`.
20     pub wasmtime: WasmtimeConfig,
21     /// Configuration related to generated modules.
22     pub module_config: ModuleConfig,
23 }
24 
25 impl Config {
26     /// Indicates that this configuration is being used for differential
27     /// execution.
28     ///
29     /// The purpose of this function is to update the configuration which was
30     /// generated to be compatible with execution in multiple engines. The goal
31     /// is to produce the exact same result in all engines so we need to paper
32     /// over things like nan differences and memory/table behavior differences.
33     pub fn set_differential_config(&mut self) {
34         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
35 
36         // Make it more likely that there are types available to generate a
37         // function with.
38         config.min_types = config.min_types.max(1);
39         config.max_types = config.max_types.max(1);
40 
41         // Generate at least one function
42         config.min_funcs = config.min_funcs.max(1);
43         config.max_funcs = config.max_funcs.max(1);
44 
45         // Allow a memory to be generated, but don't let it get too large.
46         // Additionally require the maximum size to guarantee that the growth
47         // behavior is consistent across engines.
48         config.max_memory32_bytes = 10 << 16;
49         config.max_memory64_bytes = 10 << 16;
50         config.memory_max_size_required = true;
51 
52         // If tables are generated make sure they don't get too large to avoid
53         // hitting any engine-specific limit. Additionally ensure that the
54         // maximum size is required to guarantee consistent growth across
55         // engines.
56         //
57         // Note that while reference types are disabled below, only allow one
58         // table.
59         config.max_table_elements = 1_000;
60         config.table_max_size_required = true;
61 
62         // Don't allow any imports
63         config.max_imports = 0;
64 
65         // Try to get the function and the memory exported
66         config.export_everything = true;
67 
68         // NaN is canonicalized at the wasm level for differential fuzzing so we
69         // can paper over NaN differences between engines.
70         config.canonicalize_nans = true;
71 
72         // If using the pooling allocator, update the instance limits too
73         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
74             // One single-page memory
75             pooling.total_memories = config.max_memories as u32;
76             pooling.max_memory_size = 10 << 16;
77             pooling.max_memories_per_module = config.max_memories as u32;
78             if pooling.memory_protection_keys == Enabled::Auto
79                 && pooling.max_memory_protection_keys > 1
80             {
81                 pooling.total_memories =
82                     pooling.total_memories * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32);
83             }
84 
85             pooling.total_tables = config.max_tables as u32;
86             pooling.table_elements = 1_000;
87             pooling.max_tables_per_module = config.max_tables as u32;
88 
89             pooling.core_instance_size = 1_000_000;
90 
91             let cfg = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config;
92             match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
93                 Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
94                 other @ None => *other = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
95             }
96         }
97 
98         // These instructions are explicitly not expected to be exactly the same
99         // across engines. Don't fuzz them.
100         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
101     }
102 
103     /// Uses this configuration and the supplied source of data to generate
104     /// a wasm module.
105     ///
106     /// If a `default_fuel` is provided, the resulting module will be configured
107     /// to ensure termination; as doing so will add an additional global to the module,
108     /// the pooling allocator, if configured, will also have its globals limit updated.
109     pub fn generate(
110         &self,
111         input: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
112         default_fuel: Option<u32>,
113     ) -> arbitrary::Result<wasm_smith::Module> {
114         self.module_config.generate(input, default_fuel)
115     }
116 
117     /// Updates this configuration to be able to run the `test` specified.
118     ///
119     /// This primarily updates `self.module_config` to ensure that it enables
120     /// all features and proposals necessary to execute the `test` specified.
121     /// This will additionally update limits in the pooling allocator to be able
122     /// to execute all tests.
123     pub fn make_wast_test_compliant(&mut self, test: &WastTest) -> WastConfig {
124         let wasmtime_test_util::wast::TestConfig {
125             memory64,
126             custom_page_sizes,
127             multi_memory,
128             threads,
129             shared_everything_threads,
130             gc,
131             function_references,
132             relaxed_simd,
133             reference_types,
134             tail_call,
135             extended_const,
136             wide_arithmetic,
137             component_model_async,
138             component_model_async_builtins,
139             component_model_async_stackful,
140             component_model_threading,
141             component_model_error_context,
142             component_model_gc,
143             simd,
144             exceptions,
145             legacy_exceptions: _,
146             custom_descriptors: _,
147 
148             hogs_memory: _,
149             nan_canonicalization: _,
150             gc_types: _,
151             stack_switching: _,
152             spec_test: _,
153         } = test.config;
154 
155         // Enable/disable some proposals that aren't configurable in wasm-smith
156         // but are configurable in Wasmtime.
157         self.module_config.function_references_enabled =
158             function_references.or(gc).unwrap_or(false);
159         self.module_config.component_model_async = component_model_async.unwrap_or(false);
160         self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins =
161             component_model_async_builtins.unwrap_or(false);
162         self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful =
163             component_model_async_stackful.unwrap_or(false);
164         self.module_config.component_model_threading = component_model_threading.unwrap_or(false);
165         self.module_config.component_model_error_context =
166             component_model_error_context.unwrap_or(false);
167         self.module_config.component_model_gc = component_model_gc.unwrap_or(false);
168 
169         // Enable/disable proposals that wasm-smith has knobs for which will be
170         // read when creating `wasmtime::Config`.
171         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
172         config.bulk_memory_enabled = true;
173         config.multi_value_enabled = true;
174         config.wide_arithmetic_enabled = wide_arithmetic.unwrap_or(false);
175         config.memory64_enabled = memory64.unwrap_or(false);
176         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = relaxed_simd.unwrap_or(false);
177         config.simd_enabled = config.relaxed_simd_enabled || simd.unwrap_or(false);
178         config.tail_call_enabled = tail_call.unwrap_or(false);
179         config.custom_page_sizes_enabled = custom_page_sizes.unwrap_or(false);
180         config.threads_enabled = threads.unwrap_or(false);
181         config.shared_everything_threads_enabled = shared_everything_threads.unwrap_or(false);
182         config.gc_enabled = gc.unwrap_or(false);
183         config.reference_types_enabled = config.gc_enabled
184             || self.module_config.function_references_enabled
185             || reference_types.unwrap_or(false);
186         config.extended_const_enabled = extended_const.unwrap_or(false);
187         config.exceptions_enabled = exceptions.unwrap_or(false);
188         if multi_memory.unwrap_or(false) {
189             config.max_memories = limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE as usize;
190         } else {
191             config.max_memories = 1;
192         }
193 
194         if let Some(n) = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config.memory_reservation {
195             *n = (*n).max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE as u64);
196         }
197 
198         // FIXME: it might be more ideal to avoid the need for this entirely
199         // and to just let the test fail. If a test fails due to a pooling
200         // allocator resource limit being met we could ideally detect that and
201         // let the fuzz test case pass. That would avoid the need to hardcode
202         // so much here and in theory wouldn't reduce the usefulness of fuzzers
203         // all that much. At this time though we can't easily test this configuration.
204         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
205             // Clamp protection keys between 1 & 2 to reduce the number of
206             // slots and then multiply the total memories by the number of keys
207             // we have since a single store has access to only one key.
208             pooling.max_memory_protection_keys = pooling.max_memory_protection_keys.max(1).min(2);
209             pooling.total_memories = pooling
210                 .total_memories
211                 .max(limits::MEMORIES * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32));
212 
213             // For other limits make sure they meet the minimum threshold
214             // required for our wast tests.
215             pooling.total_component_instances = pooling
216                 .total_component_instances
217                 .max(limits::COMPONENT_INSTANCES);
218             pooling.total_tables = pooling.total_tables.max(limits::TABLES);
219             pooling.max_tables_per_module =
220                 pooling.max_tables_per_module.max(limits::TABLES_PER_MODULE);
221             pooling.max_memories_per_module = pooling
222                 .max_memories_per_module
223                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
224             pooling.max_memories_per_component = pooling
225                 .max_memories_per_component
226                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
227             pooling.total_core_instances = pooling.total_core_instances.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCES);
228             pooling.max_memory_size = pooling.max_memory_size.max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE);
229             pooling.table_elements = pooling.table_elements.max(limits::TABLE_ELEMENTS);
230             pooling.core_instance_size = pooling.core_instance_size.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
231             pooling.component_instance_size = pooling
232                 .component_instance_size
233                 .max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
234             pooling.total_stacks = pooling.total_stacks.max(limits::TOTAL_STACKS);
235         }
236 
237         // Return the test configuration that this fuzz configuration represents
238         // which is used afterwards to test if the `test` here is expected to
239         // fail or not.
240         WastConfig {
241             collector: match self.wasmtime.collector {
242                 Collector::Null => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::Null,
243                 Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => {
244                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting
245                 }
246             },
247             pooling: matches!(
248                 self.wasmtime.strategy,
249                 InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(_)
250             ),
251             compiler: match self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy {
252                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
253                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftNative
254                 }
255                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
256                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftPulley
257                 }
258                 CompilerStrategy::Winch => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::Winch,
259             },
260         }
261     }
262 
263     /// Converts this to a `wasmtime::Config` object
264     pub fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Config {
265         crate::init_fuzzing();
266 
267         let mut cfg = wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions::default();
268         cfg.codegen.native_unwind_info =
269             Some(cfg!(target_os = "windows") || self.wasmtime.native_unwind_info);
270         cfg.codegen.parallel_compilation = Some(false);
271 
272         cfg.debug.address_map = Some(self.wasmtime.generate_address_map);
273         cfg.opts.opt_level = Some(self.wasmtime.opt_level.to_wasmtime());
274         cfg.opts.regalloc_algorithm = Some(self.wasmtime.regalloc_algorithm.to_wasmtime());
275         cfg.opts.signals_based_traps = Some(self.wasmtime.signals_based_traps);
276         cfg.opts.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size = Some(std::cmp::min(
277             // Clamp this at 16MiB so we don't get huge in-memory
278             // images during fuzzing.
279             16 << 20,
280             self.wasmtime.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size,
281         ));
282         cfg.wasm.async_stack_zeroing = Some(self.wasmtime.async_stack_zeroing);
283         cfg.wasm.bulk_memory = Some(true);
284         cfg.wasm.component_model_async = Some(self.module_config.component_model_async);
285         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_builtins =
286             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins);
287         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_stackful =
288             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful);
289         cfg.wasm.component_model_threading = Some(self.module_config.component_model_threading);
290         cfg.wasm.component_model_error_context =
291             Some(self.module_config.component_model_error_context);
292         cfg.wasm.component_model_gc = Some(self.module_config.component_model_gc);
293         cfg.wasm.custom_page_sizes = Some(self.module_config.config.custom_page_sizes_enabled);
294         cfg.wasm.epoch_interruption = Some(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
295         cfg.wasm.extended_const = Some(self.module_config.config.extended_const_enabled);
296         cfg.wasm.fuel = self.wasmtime.consume_fuel.then(|| u64::MAX);
297         cfg.wasm.function_references = Some(self.module_config.function_references_enabled);
298         cfg.wasm.gc = Some(self.module_config.config.gc_enabled);
299         cfg.wasm.memory64 = Some(self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled);
300         cfg.wasm.multi_memory = Some(self.module_config.config.max_memories > 1);
301         cfg.wasm.multi_value = Some(self.module_config.config.multi_value_enabled);
302         cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(self.wasmtime.canonicalize_nans);
303         cfg.wasm.reference_types = Some(self.module_config.config.reference_types_enabled);
304         cfg.wasm.simd = Some(self.module_config.config.simd_enabled);
305         cfg.wasm.tail_call = Some(self.module_config.config.tail_call_enabled);
306         cfg.wasm.threads = Some(self.module_config.config.threads_enabled);
307         cfg.wasm.shared_everything_threads =
308             Some(self.module_config.config.shared_everything_threads_enabled);
309         cfg.wasm.wide_arithmetic = Some(self.module_config.config.wide_arithmetic_enabled);
310         cfg.wasm.exceptions = Some(self.module_config.config.exceptions_enabled);
311         cfg.wasm.shared_memory = Some(self.module_config.shared_memory);
312         if !self.module_config.config.simd_enabled {
313             cfg.wasm.relaxed_simd = Some(false);
314         }
315         cfg.codegen.collector = Some(self.wasmtime.collector.to_wasmtime());
316 
317         let compiler_strategy = &self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy;
318         let cranelift_strategy = match compiler_strategy {
319             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative | CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => true,
320             CompilerStrategy::Winch => false,
321         };
322         self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
323 
324         self.wasmtime.codegen.configure(&mut cfg);
325 
326         // Determine whether we will actually enable PCC -- this is
327         // disabled if the module requires memory64, which is not yet
328         // compatible (due to the need for dynamic checks).
329         let pcc = cfg!(feature = "fuzz-pcc")
330             && self.wasmtime.pcc
331             && !self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled;
332 
333         cfg.codegen.inlining = self.wasmtime.inlining;
334 
335         // Only set cranelift specific flags when the Cranelift strategy is
336         // chosen.
337         if cranelift_strategy {
338             if let Some(option) = self.wasmtime.inlining_intra_module {
339                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
340                     "wasmtime_inlining_intra_module".to_string(),
341                     Some(option.to_string()),
342                 ));
343             }
344             if let Some(size) = self.wasmtime.inlining_small_callee_size {
345                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
346                     "wasmtime_inlining_small_callee_size".to_string(),
347                     // Clamp to avoid extreme code size blow up.
348                     Some(std::cmp::min(1000, size).to_string()),
349                 ));
350             }
351             if let Some(size) = self.wasmtime.inlining_sum_size_threshold {
352                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
353                     "wasmtime_inlining_sum_size_threshold".to_string(),
354                     // Clamp to avoid extreme code size blow up.
355                     Some(std::cmp::min(1000, size).to_string()),
356                 ));
357             }
358 
359             // If the wasm-smith-generated module use nan canonicalization then we
360             // don't need to enable it, but if it doesn't enable it already then we
361             // enable this codegen option.
362             cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(!self.module_config.config.canonicalize_nans);
363 
364             // Enabling the verifier will at-least-double compilation time, which
365             // with a 20-30x slowdown in fuzzing can cause issues related to
366             // timeouts. If generated modules can have more than a small handful of
367             // functions then disable the verifier when fuzzing to try to lessen the
368             // impact of timeouts.
369             if self.module_config.config.max_funcs > 10 {
370                 cfg.codegen.cranelift_debug_verifier = Some(false);
371             }
372 
373             if self.wasmtime.force_jump_veneers {
374                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
375                     "wasmtime_linkopt_force_jump_veneer".to_string(),
376                     Some("true".to_string()),
377                 ));
378             }
379 
380             if let Some(pad) = self.wasmtime.padding_between_functions {
381                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
382                     "wasmtime_linkopt_padding_between_functions".to_string(),
383                     Some(pad.to_string()),
384                 ));
385             }
386 
387             cfg.codegen.pcc = Some(pcc);
388 
389             // Eager init is currently only supported on Cranelift, not Winch.
390             cfg.opts.table_lazy_init = Some(self.wasmtime.table_lazy_init);
391         }
392 
393         self.wasmtime.strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
394 
395         // Vary the memory configuration, but only if threads are not enabled.
396         // When the threads proposal is enabled we might generate shared memory,
397         // which is less amenable to different memory configurations:
398         // - shared memories are required to be "static" so fuzzing the various
399         //   memory configurations will mostly result in uninteresting errors.
400         //   The interesting part about shared memories is the runtime so we
401         //   don't fuzz non-default settings.
402         // - shared memories are required to be aligned which means that the
403         //   `CustomUnaligned` variant isn't actually safe to use with a shared
404         //   memory.
405         if !self.module_config.config.threads_enabled {
406             // If PCC is enabled, force other options to be compatible: PCC is currently only
407             // supported when bounds checks are elided.
408             let memory_config = if pcc {
409                 MemoryConfig {
410                     memory_reservation: Some(4 << 30), // 4 GiB
411                     memory_guard_size: Some(2 << 30),  // 2 GiB
412                     memory_reservation_for_growth: Some(0),
413                     guard_before_linear_memory: false,
414                     memory_init_cow: true,
415                     // Doesn't matter, only using virtual memory.
416                     cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations: None,
417                 }
418             } else {
419                 self.wasmtime.memory_config.clone()
420             };
421 
422             memory_config.configure(&mut cfg);
423         };
424 
425         // If malloc-based memory is going to be used, which requires these four
426         // options set to specific values (and Pulley auto-sets two of them)
427         // then be sure to cap `memory_reservation_for_growth` at a smaller
428         // value than the default. For malloc-based memory reservation beyond
429         // the end of memory isn't captured by `StoreLimiter` so we need to be
430         // sure it's small enough to not blow OOM limits while fuzzing.
431         if ((cfg.opts.signals_based_traps == Some(true) && cfg.opts.memory_guard_size == Some(0))
432             || self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy == CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley)
433             && cfg.opts.memory_reservation == Some(0)
434             && cfg.opts.memory_init_cow == Some(false)
435         {
436             let growth = &mut cfg.opts.memory_reservation_for_growth;
437             let max = 1 << 20;
438             *growth = match *growth {
439                 Some(n) => Some(n.min(max)),
440                 None => Some(max),
441             };
442         }
443 
444         log::debug!("creating wasmtime config with CLI options:\n{cfg}");
445         let mut cfg = cfg.config(None).expect("failed to create wasmtime::Config");
446 
447         if self.wasmtime.async_config != AsyncConfig::Disabled {
448             log::debug!("async config in use {:?}", self.wasmtime.async_config);
449             self.wasmtime.async_config.configure(&mut cfg);
450         }
451 
452         // Fuzzing on macOS with mach ports seems to sometimes bypass the mach
453         // port handling thread entirely and go straight to asan's or fuzzing's
454         // signal handler. No idea why and for me at least it's just easier to
455         // disable mach ports when fuzzing because there's no need to use that
456         // over signal handlers.
457         if cfg!(target_vendor = "apple") {
458             cfg.macos_use_mach_ports(false);
459         }
460 
461         return cfg;
462     }
463 
464     /// Convenience function for generating a `Store<T>` using this
465     /// configuration.
466     pub fn to_store(&self) -> Store<StoreLimits> {
467         let engine = Engine::new(&self.to_wasmtime()).unwrap();
468         let mut store = Store::new(&engine, StoreLimits::new());
469         self.configure_store(&mut store);
470         store
471     }
472 
473     /// Configures a store based on this configuration.
474     pub fn configure_store(&self, store: &mut Store<StoreLimits>) {
475         store.limiter(|s| s as &mut dyn wasmtime::ResourceLimiter);
476         self.configure_store_epoch_and_fuel(store);
477     }
478 
479     /// Configures everything unrelated to `T` in a store, such as epochs and
480     /// fuel.
481     pub fn configure_store_epoch_and_fuel<T>(&self, store: &mut Store<T>) {
482         // Configure the store to never abort by default, that is it'll have
483         // max fuel or otherwise trap on an epoch change but the epoch won't
484         // ever change.
485         //
486         // Afterwards though see what `AsyncConfig` is being used an further
487         // refine the store's configuration based on that.
488         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel {
489             store.set_fuel(u64::MAX).unwrap();
490         }
491         if self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption {
492             store.epoch_deadline_trap();
493             store.set_epoch_deadline(1);
494         }
495         match self.wasmtime.async_config {
496             AsyncConfig::Disabled => {}
497             AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(amt) => {
498                 assert!(self.wasmtime.consume_fuel);
499                 store.fuel_async_yield_interval(Some(amt)).unwrap();
500             }
501             AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs { ticks, .. } => {
502                 assert!(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
503                 store.set_epoch_deadline(ticks);
504                 store.epoch_deadline_async_yield_and_update(ticks);
505             }
506         }
507     }
508 
509     /// Generates an arbitrary method of timing out an instance, ensuring that
510     /// this configuration supports the returned timeout.
511     pub fn generate_timeout(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Timeout> {
512         let time_duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
513         let timeout = u
514             .choose(&[Timeout::Fuel(100_000), Timeout::Epoch(time_duration)])?
515             .clone();
516         match &timeout {
517             Timeout::Fuel(..) => {
518                 self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
519             }
520             Timeout::Epoch(..) => {
521                 self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
522             }
523             Timeout::None => unreachable!("Not an option given to choose()"),
524         }
525         Ok(timeout)
526     }
527 
528     /// Compiles the `wasm` within the `engine` provided.
529     ///
530     /// This notably will use `Module::{serialize,deserialize_file}` to
531     /// round-trip if configured in the fuzzer.
532     pub fn compile(&self, engine: &Engine, wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<Module> {
533         // Propagate this error in case the caller wants to handle
534         // valid-vs-invalid wasm.
535         let module = Module::new(engine, wasm)?;
536         if !self.wasmtime.use_precompiled_cwasm {
537             return Ok(module);
538         }
539 
540         // Don't propagate these errors to prevent them from accidentally being
541         // interpreted as invalid wasm, these should never fail on a
542         // well-behaved host system.
543         let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
544         let file = dir.path().join("module.wasm");
545         std::fs::write(&file, module.serialize().unwrap()).unwrap();
546         unsafe { Ok(Module::deserialize_file(engine, &file).unwrap()) }
547     }
548 
549     /// Updates this configuration to forcibly enable async support. Only useful
550     /// in fuzzers which do async calls.
551     pub fn enable_async(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
552         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel || u.arbitrary()? {
553             self.wasmtime.async_config =
554                 AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(u.int_in_range(1000..=100_000)?);
555             self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
556         } else {
557             self.wasmtime.async_config = AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs {
558                 dur: Duration::from_millis(u.int_in_range(1..=10)?),
559                 ticks: u.int_in_range(1..=10)?,
560             };
561             self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
562         }
563         Ok(())
564     }
565 }
566 
567 impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for Config {
568     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
569         let mut config = Self {
570             wasmtime: u.arbitrary()?,
571             module_config: u.arbitrary()?,
572         };
573 
574         config
575             .wasmtime
576             .update_module_config(&mut config.module_config, u)?;
577 
578         Ok(config)
579     }
580 }
581 
582 /// Configuration related to `wasmtime::Config` and the various settings which
583 /// can be tweaked from within.
584 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
585 pub struct WasmtimeConfig {
586     opt_level: OptLevel,
587     regalloc_algorithm: RegallocAlgorithm,
588     debug_info: bool,
589     canonicalize_nans: bool,
590     interruptible: bool,
591     pub(crate) consume_fuel: bool,
592     pub(crate) epoch_interruption: bool,
593     /// The Wasmtime memory configuration to use.
594     pub memory_config: MemoryConfig,
595     force_jump_veneers: bool,
596     memory_init_cow: bool,
597     memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size: u64,
598     inlining: Option<bool>,
599     inlining_intra_module: Option<IntraModuleInlining>,
600     inlining_small_callee_size: Option<u32>,
601     inlining_sum_size_threshold: Option<u32>,
602     use_precompiled_cwasm: bool,
603     async_stack_zeroing: bool,
604     /// Configuration for the instance allocation strategy to use.
605     pub strategy: InstanceAllocationStrategy,
606     codegen: CodegenSettings,
607     padding_between_functions: Option<u16>,
608     generate_address_map: bool,
609     native_unwind_info: bool,
610     /// Configuration for the compiler to use.
611     pub compiler_strategy: CompilerStrategy,
612     collector: Collector,
613     table_lazy_init: bool,
614 
615     /// Whether or not fuzzing should enable PCC.
616     pcc: bool,
617 
618     /// Configuration for whether wasm is invoked in an async fashion and how
619     /// it's cooperatively time-sliced.
620     pub async_config: AsyncConfig,
621 
622     /// Whether or not host signal handlers are enabled for this configuration,
623     /// aka whether signal handlers are supported.
624     signals_based_traps: bool,
625 }
626 
627 impl WasmtimeConfig {
628     /// Force `self` to be a configuration compatible with `other`. This is
629     /// useful for differential execution to avoid unhelpful fuzz crashes when
630     /// one engine has a feature enabled and the other does not.
631     pub fn make_compatible_with(&mut self, other: &Self) {
632         // Use the same allocation strategy between the two configs.
633         //
634         // Ideally this wouldn't be necessary, but, during differential
635         // evaluation, if the `lhs` is using ondemand and the `rhs` is using the
636         // pooling allocator (or vice versa), then the module may have been
637         // generated in such a way that is incompatible with the other
638         // allocation strategy.
639         //
640         // We can remove this in the future when it's possible to access the
641         // fields of `wasm_smith::Module` to constrain the pooling allocator
642         // based on what was actually generated.
643         self.strategy = other.strategy.clone();
644         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling { .. } = &other.strategy {
645             // Also use the same memory configuration when using the pooling
646             // allocator.
647             self.memory_config = other.memory_config.clone();
648         }
649 
650         self.make_internally_consistent();
651     }
652 
653     /// Updates `config` to be compatible with `self` and the other way around
654     /// too.
655     pub fn update_module_config(
656         &mut self,
657         config: &mut ModuleConfig,
658         _u: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
659     ) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
660         match self.compiler_strategy {
661             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {}
662 
663             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
664                 // Winch is not complete on non-x64 targets, so just abandon this test
665                 // case. We don't want to force Cranelift because we change what module
666                 // config features are enabled based on the compiler strategy, and we
667                 // don't want to make the same fuzz input DNA generate different test
668                 // cases on different targets.
669                 if cfg!(not(target_arch = "x86_64")) {
670                     log::warn!(
671                         "want to compile with Winch but host architecture does not support it"
672                     );
673                     return Err(arbitrary::Error::IncorrectFormat);
674                 }
675 
676                 // Winch doesn't support the same set of wasm proposal as Cranelift
677                 // at this time, so if winch is selected be sure to disable wasm
678                 // proposals in `Config` to ensure that Winch can compile the
679                 // module that wasm-smith generates.
680                 config.config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
681                 config.config.gc_enabled = false;
682                 config.config.tail_call_enabled = false;
683                 config.config.reference_types_enabled = false;
684                 config.config.exceptions_enabled = false;
685                 config.function_references_enabled = false;
686 
687                 // Winch's SIMD implementations require AVX and AVX2.
688                 if self
689                     .codegen_flag("has_avx")
690                     .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
691                     || self
692                         .codegen_flag("has_avx2")
693                         .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
694                 {
695                     config.config.simd_enabled = false;
696                 }
697 
698                 // Tuning  the following engine options is currently not supported
699                 // by Winch.
700                 self.signals_based_traps = true;
701                 self.table_lazy_init = true;
702                 self.debug_info = false;
703             }
704 
705             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
706                 config.config.threads_enabled = false;
707             }
708         }
709 
710         // If using the pooling allocator, constrain the memory and module configurations
711         // to the module limits.
712         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.strategy {
713             // If the pooling allocator is used, do not allow shared memory to
714             // be created. FIXME: see
715             // https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4244.
716             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
717 
718             // Ensure the pooling allocator can support the maximal size of
719             // memory, picking the smaller of the two to win.
720             let min_bytes = config
721                 .config
722                 .max_memory32_bytes
723                 // memory64_bytes is a u128, but since we are taking the min
724                 // we can truncate it down to a u64.
725                 .min(
726                     config
727                         .config
728                         .max_memory64_bytes
729                         .try_into()
730                         .unwrap_or(u64::MAX),
731                 );
732             let min = min_bytes
733                 .min(pooling.max_memory_size as u64)
734                 .min(self.memory_config.memory_reservation.unwrap_or(0));
735             pooling.max_memory_size = min as usize;
736             config.config.max_memory32_bytes = min;
737             config.config.max_memory64_bytes = min as u128;
738 
739             // If traps are disallowed then memories must have at least one page
740             // of memory so if we still are only allowing 0 pages of memory then
741             // increase that to one here.
742             if config.config.disallow_traps {
743                 if pooling.max_memory_size < (1 << 16) {
744                     pooling.max_memory_size = 1 << 16;
745                     config.config.max_memory32_bytes = 1 << 16;
746                     config.config.max_memory64_bytes = 1 << 16;
747                     let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
748                     match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
749                         Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
750                         size @ None => *size = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
751                     }
752                 }
753                 // .. additionally update tables
754                 if pooling.table_elements == 0 {
755                     pooling.table_elements = 1;
756                 }
757             }
758 
759             // Don't allow too many linear memories per instance since massive
760             // virtual mappings can fail to get allocated.
761             config.config.min_memories = config.config.min_memories.min(10);
762             config.config.max_memories = config.config.max_memories.min(10);
763 
764             // Force this pooling allocator to always be able to accommodate the
765             // module that may be generated.
766             pooling.total_memories = config.config.max_memories as u32;
767             pooling.total_tables = config.config.max_tables as u32;
768         }
769 
770         if !self.signals_based_traps {
771             // At this time shared memories require a "static" memory
772             // configuration but when signals-based traps are disabled all
773             // memories are forced to the "dynamic" configuration. This is
774             // fixable with some more work on the bounds-checks side of things
775             // to do a full bounds check even on static memories, but that's
776             // left for a future PR.
777             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
778 
779             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so this
780             // must always be disabled if signals-based traps are disabled.
781             self.memory_config
782                 .cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
783         }
784 
785         self.make_internally_consistent();
786 
787         Ok(())
788     }
789 
790     /// Returns the codegen flag value, if any, for `name`.
791     pub(crate) fn codegen_flag(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> {
792         self.codegen.flags().iter().find_map(|(n, value)| {
793             if n == name {
794                 Some(value.as_str())
795             } else {
796                 None
797             }
798         })
799     }
800 
801     /// Helper method to handle some dependencies between various configuration
802     /// options. This is intended to be called whenever a `Config` is created or
803     /// modified to ensure that the final result is an instantiable `Config`.
804     ///
805     /// Note that in general this probably shouldn't exist and anything here can
806     /// be considered a "TODO" to go implement more stuff in Wasmtime to accept
807     /// these sorts of configurations. For now though it's intended to reflect
808     /// the current state of the engine's development.
809     fn make_internally_consistent(&mut self) {
810         if !self.signals_based_traps {
811             let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
812             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so
813             // this must always be disabled if signals-based traps are
814             // disabled.
815             cfg.cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
816 
817             // With configuration settings that match the use of malloc for
818             // linear memories cap the `memory_reservation_for_growth` value
819             // to something reasonable to avoid OOM in fuzzing.
820             if !cfg.memory_init_cow
821                 && cfg.memory_guard_size == Some(0)
822                 && cfg.memory_reservation == Some(0)
823             {
824                 let min = 10 << 20; // 10 MiB
825                 if let Some(val) = &mut cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth {
826                     *val = (*val).min(min);
827                 } else {
828                     cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth = Some(min);
829                 }
830             }
831         }
832     }
833 }
834 
835 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
836 enum OptLevel {
837     None,
838     Speed,
839     SpeedAndSize,
840 }
841 
842 impl OptLevel {
843     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::OptLevel {
844         match self {
845             OptLevel::None => wasmtime::OptLevel::None,
846             OptLevel::Speed => wasmtime::OptLevel::Speed,
847             OptLevel::SpeedAndSize => wasmtime::OptLevel::SpeedAndSize,
848         }
849     }
850 }
851 
852 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
853 enum RegallocAlgorithm {
854     Backtracking,
855     SinglePass,
856 }
857 
858 impl RegallocAlgorithm {
859     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm {
860         match self {
861             RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking => wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking,
862             RegallocAlgorithm::SinglePass => {
863                 // FIXME(#11850)
864                 const SINGLE_PASS_KNOWN_BUGGY_AT_THIS_TIME: bool = true;
865                 if SINGLE_PASS_KNOWN_BUGGY_AT_THIS_TIME {
866                     wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking
867                 } else {
868                     wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::SinglePass
869                 }
870             }
871         }
872     }
873 }
874 
875 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
876 enum IntraModuleInlining {
877     Yes,
878     No,
879     WhenUsingGc,
880 }
881 
882 impl std::fmt::Display for IntraModuleInlining {
883     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
884         match self {
885             IntraModuleInlining::Yes => write!(f, "yes"),
886             IntraModuleInlining::No => write!(f, "no"),
887             IntraModuleInlining::WhenUsingGc => write!(f, "gc"),
888         }
889     }
890 }
891 
892 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
893 /// Compiler to use.
894 pub enum CompilerStrategy {
895     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
896     CraneliftNative,
897     /// Winch compiler.
898     Winch,
899     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
900     CraneliftPulley,
901 }
902 
903 impl CompilerStrategy {
904     /// Configures `config` to use this compilation strategy
905     pub fn configure(&self, config: &mut wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions) {
906         match self {
907             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
908                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
909             }
910             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
911                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Winch);
912             }
913             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
914                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
915                 config.target = Some("pulley64".to_string());
916             }
917         }
918     }
919 }
920 
921 impl Arbitrary<'_> for CompilerStrategy {
922     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
923         // Favor fuzzing native cranelift, but if allowed also enable
924         // winch/pulley.
925         match u.int_in_range(0..=19)? {
926             1 => Ok(Self::CraneliftPulley),
927             2 => Ok(Self::Winch),
928             _ => Ok(Self::CraneliftNative),
929         }
930     }
931 }
932 
933 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
934 pub enum Collector {
935     DeferredReferenceCounting,
936     Null,
937 }
938 
939 impl Collector {
940     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Collector {
941         match self {
942             Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => wasmtime::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting,
943             Collector::Null => wasmtime::Collector::Null,
944         }
945     }
946 }
947