1 //! Generate a configuration for both Wasmtime and the Wasm module to execute.
2 
3 use super::{AsyncConfig, CodegenSettings, InstanceAllocationStrategy, MemoryConfig, ModuleConfig};
4 use crate::oracles::{StoreLimits, Timeout};
5 use anyhow::Result;
6 use arbitrary::{Arbitrary, Unstructured};
7 use std::time::Duration;
8 use wasmtime::{Engine, Module, MpkEnabled, Store};
9 use wasmtime_test_util::wast::{WastConfig, WastTest, limits};
10 
11 /// Configuration for `wasmtime::Config` and generated modules for a session of
12 /// fuzzing.
13 ///
14 /// This configuration guides what modules are generated, how wasmtime
15 /// configuration is generated, and is typically itself generated through a call
16 /// to `Arbitrary` which allows for a form of "swarm testing".
17 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
18 pub struct Config {
19     /// Configuration related to the `wasmtime::Config`.
20     pub wasmtime: WasmtimeConfig,
21     /// Configuration related to generated modules.
22     pub module_config: ModuleConfig,
23 }
24 
25 impl Config {
26     /// Indicates that this configuration is being used for differential
27     /// execution.
28     ///
29     /// The purpose of this function is to update the configuration which was
30     /// generated to be compatible with execution in multiple engines. The goal
31     /// is to produce the exact same result in all engines so we need to paper
32     /// over things like nan differences and memory/table behavior differences.
33     pub fn set_differential_config(&mut self) {
34         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
35 
36         // Make it more likely that there are types available to generate a
37         // function with.
38         config.min_types = config.min_types.max(1);
39         config.max_types = config.max_types.max(1);
40 
41         // Generate at least one function
42         config.min_funcs = config.min_funcs.max(1);
43         config.max_funcs = config.max_funcs.max(1);
44 
45         // Allow a memory to be generated, but don't let it get too large.
46         // Additionally require the maximum size to guarantee that the growth
47         // behavior is consistent across engines.
48         config.max_memory32_bytes = 10 << 16;
49         config.max_memory64_bytes = 10 << 16;
50         config.memory_max_size_required = true;
51 
52         // If tables are generated make sure they don't get too large to avoid
53         // hitting any engine-specific limit. Additionally ensure that the
54         // maximum size is required to guarantee consistent growth across
55         // engines.
56         //
57         // Note that while reference types are disabled below, only allow one
58         // table.
59         config.max_table_elements = 1_000;
60         config.table_max_size_required = true;
61 
62         // Don't allow any imports
63         config.max_imports = 0;
64 
65         // Try to get the function and the memory exported
66         config.export_everything = true;
67 
68         // NaN is canonicalized at the wasm level for differential fuzzing so we
69         // can paper over NaN differences between engines.
70         config.canonicalize_nans = true;
71 
72         // If using the pooling allocator, update the instance limits too
73         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
74             // One single-page memory
75             pooling.total_memories = config.max_memories as u32;
76             pooling.max_memory_size = 10 << 16;
77             pooling.max_memories_per_module = config.max_memories as u32;
78             if pooling.memory_protection_keys == MpkEnabled::Auto
79                 && pooling.max_memory_protection_keys > 1
80             {
81                 pooling.total_memories =
82                     pooling.total_memories * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32);
83             }
84 
85             pooling.total_tables = config.max_tables as u32;
86             pooling.table_elements = 1_000;
87             pooling.max_tables_per_module = config.max_tables as u32;
88 
89             pooling.core_instance_size = 1_000_000;
90 
91             let cfg = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config;
92             match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
93                 Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
94                 other @ None => *other = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
95             }
96         }
97 
98         // These instructions are explicitly not expected to be exactly the same
99         // across engines. Don't fuzz them.
100         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
101     }
102 
103     /// Uses this configuration and the supplied source of data to generate
104     /// a wasm module.
105     ///
106     /// If a `default_fuel` is provided, the resulting module will be configured
107     /// to ensure termination; as doing so will add an additional global to the module,
108     /// the pooling allocator, if configured, will also have its globals limit updated.
109     pub fn generate(
110         &self,
111         input: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
112         default_fuel: Option<u32>,
113     ) -> arbitrary::Result<wasm_smith::Module> {
114         self.module_config.generate(input, default_fuel)
115     }
116 
117     /// Updates this configuration to be able to run the `test` specified.
118     ///
119     /// This primarily updates `self.module_config` to ensure that it enables
120     /// all features and proposals necessary to execute the `test` specified.
121     /// This will additionally update limits in the pooling allocator to be able
122     /// to execute all tests.
123     pub fn make_wast_test_compliant(&mut self, test: &WastTest) -> WastConfig {
124         let wasmtime_test_util::wast::TestConfig {
125             memory64,
126             custom_page_sizes,
127             multi_memory,
128             threads,
129             shared_everything_threads,
130             gc,
131             function_references,
132             relaxed_simd,
133             reference_types,
134             tail_call,
135             extended_const,
136             wide_arithmetic,
137             component_model_async,
138             component_model_async_builtins,
139             component_model_async_stackful,
140             component_model_error_context,
141             component_model_gc,
142             simd,
143             exceptions,
144             legacy_exceptions,
145 
146             hogs_memory: _,
147             nan_canonicalization: _,
148             gc_types: _,
149             stack_switching: _,
150             spec_test: _,
151         } = test.config;
152 
153         // Enable/disable some proposals that aren't configurable in wasm-smith
154         // but are configurable in Wasmtime.
155         self.module_config.function_references_enabled =
156             function_references.or(gc).unwrap_or(false);
157         self.module_config.component_model_async = component_model_async.unwrap_or(false);
158         self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins =
159             component_model_async_builtins.unwrap_or(false);
160         self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful =
161             component_model_async_stackful.unwrap_or(false);
162         self.module_config.component_model_error_context =
163             component_model_error_context.unwrap_or(false);
164         self.module_config.legacy_exceptions = legacy_exceptions.unwrap_or(false);
165         self.module_config.component_model_gc = component_model_gc.unwrap_or(false);
166 
167         // Enable/disable proposals that wasm-smith has knobs for which will be
168         // read when creating `wasmtime::Config`.
169         let config = &mut self.module_config.config;
170         config.bulk_memory_enabled = true;
171         config.multi_value_enabled = true;
172         config.wide_arithmetic_enabled = wide_arithmetic.unwrap_or(false);
173         config.memory64_enabled = memory64.unwrap_or(false);
174         config.relaxed_simd_enabled = relaxed_simd.unwrap_or(false);
175         config.simd_enabled = config.relaxed_simd_enabled || simd.unwrap_or(false);
176         config.tail_call_enabled = tail_call.unwrap_or(false);
177         config.custom_page_sizes_enabled = custom_page_sizes.unwrap_or(false);
178         config.threads_enabled = threads.unwrap_or(false);
179         config.shared_everything_threads_enabled = shared_everything_threads.unwrap_or(false);
180         config.gc_enabled = gc.unwrap_or(false);
181         config.reference_types_enabled = config.gc_enabled
182             || self.module_config.function_references_enabled
183             || reference_types.unwrap_or(false);
184         config.extended_const_enabled = extended_const.unwrap_or(false);
185         config.exceptions_enabled = exceptions.unwrap_or(false);
186         if multi_memory.unwrap_or(false) {
187             config.max_memories = limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE as usize;
188         } else {
189             config.max_memories = 1;
190         }
191 
192         if let Some(n) = &mut self.wasmtime.memory_config.memory_reservation {
193             *n = (*n).max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE as u64);
194         }
195 
196         // FIXME: it might be more ideal to avoid the need for this entirely
197         // and to just let the test fail. If a test fails due to a pooling
198         // allocator resource limit being met we could ideally detect that and
199         // let the fuzz test case pass. That would avoid the need to hardcode
200         // so much here and in theory wouldn't reduce the usefulness of fuzzers
201         // all that much. At this time though we can't easily test this configuration.
202         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.wasmtime.strategy {
203             // Clamp protection keys between 1 & 2 to reduce the number of
204             // slots and then multiply the total memories by the number of keys
205             // we have since a single store has access to only one key.
206             pooling.max_memory_protection_keys = pooling.max_memory_protection_keys.max(1).min(2);
207             pooling.total_memories = pooling
208                 .total_memories
209                 .max(limits::MEMORIES * (pooling.max_memory_protection_keys as u32));
210 
211             // For other limits make sure they meet the minimum threshold
212             // required for our wast tests.
213             pooling.total_component_instances = pooling
214                 .total_component_instances
215                 .max(limits::COMPONENT_INSTANCES);
216             pooling.total_tables = pooling.total_tables.max(limits::TABLES);
217             pooling.max_tables_per_module =
218                 pooling.max_tables_per_module.max(limits::TABLES_PER_MODULE);
219             pooling.max_memories_per_module = pooling
220                 .max_memories_per_module
221                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
222             pooling.max_memories_per_component = pooling
223                 .max_memories_per_component
224                 .max(limits::MEMORIES_PER_MODULE);
225             pooling.total_core_instances = pooling.total_core_instances.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCES);
226             pooling.max_memory_size = pooling.max_memory_size.max(limits::MEMORY_SIZE);
227             pooling.table_elements = pooling.table_elements.max(limits::TABLE_ELEMENTS);
228             pooling.core_instance_size = pooling.core_instance_size.max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
229             pooling.component_instance_size = pooling
230                 .component_instance_size
231                 .max(limits::CORE_INSTANCE_SIZE);
232             pooling.total_stacks = pooling.total_stacks.max(limits::TOTAL_STACKS);
233         }
234 
235         // Return the test configuration that this fuzz configuration represents
236         // which is used afterwards to test if the `test` here is expected to
237         // fail or not.
238         WastConfig {
239             collector: match self.wasmtime.collector {
240                 Collector::Null => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::Null,
241                 Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => {
242                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting
243                 }
244             },
245             pooling: matches!(
246                 self.wasmtime.strategy,
247                 InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(_)
248             ),
249             compiler: match self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy {
250                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
251                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftNative
252                 }
253                 CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
254                     wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::CraneliftPulley
255                 }
256                 CompilerStrategy::Winch => wasmtime_test_util::wast::Compiler::Winch,
257             },
258         }
259     }
260 
261     /// Converts this to a `wasmtime::Config` object
262     pub fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Config {
263         crate::init_fuzzing();
264 
265         let mut cfg = wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions::default();
266         cfg.codegen.native_unwind_info =
267             Some(cfg!(target_os = "windows") || self.wasmtime.native_unwind_info);
268         cfg.codegen.parallel_compilation = Some(false);
269         cfg.debug.address_map = Some(self.wasmtime.generate_address_map);
270         cfg.opts.opt_level = Some(self.wasmtime.opt_level.to_wasmtime());
271         cfg.opts.regalloc_algorithm = Some(self.wasmtime.regalloc_algorithm.to_wasmtime());
272         cfg.opts.signals_based_traps = Some(self.wasmtime.signals_based_traps);
273         cfg.opts.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size = Some(std::cmp::min(
274             // Clamp this at 16MiB so we don't get huge in-memory
275             // images during fuzzing.
276             16 << 20,
277             self.wasmtime.memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size,
278         ));
279         cfg.wasm.async_stack_zeroing = Some(self.wasmtime.async_stack_zeroing);
280         cfg.wasm.bulk_memory = Some(true);
281         cfg.wasm.component_model_async = Some(self.module_config.component_model_async);
282         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_builtins =
283             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_builtins);
284         cfg.wasm.component_model_async_stackful =
285             Some(self.module_config.component_model_async_stackful);
286         cfg.wasm.component_model_error_context =
287             Some(self.module_config.component_model_error_context);
288         cfg.wasm.component_model_gc = Some(self.module_config.component_model_gc);
289         cfg.wasm.custom_page_sizes = Some(self.module_config.config.custom_page_sizes_enabled);
290         cfg.wasm.epoch_interruption = Some(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
291         cfg.wasm.extended_const = Some(self.module_config.config.extended_const_enabled);
292         cfg.wasm.fuel = self.wasmtime.consume_fuel.then(|| u64::MAX);
293         cfg.wasm.function_references = Some(self.module_config.function_references_enabled);
294         cfg.wasm.gc = Some(self.module_config.config.gc_enabled);
295         cfg.wasm.memory64 = Some(self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled);
296         cfg.wasm.multi_memory = Some(self.module_config.config.max_memories > 1);
297         cfg.wasm.multi_value = Some(self.module_config.config.multi_value_enabled);
298         cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(self.wasmtime.canonicalize_nans);
299         cfg.wasm.reference_types = Some(self.module_config.config.reference_types_enabled);
300         cfg.wasm.simd = Some(self.module_config.config.simd_enabled);
301         cfg.wasm.tail_call = Some(self.module_config.config.tail_call_enabled);
302         cfg.wasm.threads = Some(self.module_config.config.threads_enabled);
303         cfg.wasm.shared_everything_threads =
304             Some(self.module_config.config.shared_everything_threads_enabled);
305         cfg.wasm.wide_arithmetic = Some(self.module_config.config.wide_arithmetic_enabled);
306         cfg.wasm.exceptions = Some(self.module_config.config.exceptions_enabled);
307         cfg.wasm.legacy_exceptions = Some(self.module_config.legacy_exceptions);
308         if !self.module_config.config.simd_enabled {
309             cfg.wasm.relaxed_simd = Some(false);
310         }
311         cfg.codegen.collector = Some(self.wasmtime.collector.to_wasmtime());
312 
313         let compiler_strategy = &self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy;
314         let cranelift_strategy = match compiler_strategy {
315             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative | CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => true,
316             CompilerStrategy::Winch => false,
317         };
318         self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
319 
320         self.wasmtime.codegen.configure(&mut cfg);
321 
322         // Determine whether we will actually enable PCC -- this is
323         // disabled if the module requires memory64, which is not yet
324         // compatible (due to the need for dynamic checks).
325         let pcc = cfg!(feature = "fuzz-pcc")
326             && self.wasmtime.pcc
327             && !self.module_config.config.memory64_enabled;
328 
329         // Only set cranelift specific flags when the Cranelift strategy is
330         // chosen.
331         if cranelift_strategy {
332             // If the wasm-smith-generated module use nan canonicalization then we
333             // don't need to enable it, but if it doesn't enable it already then we
334             // enable this codegen option.
335             cfg.wasm.nan_canonicalization = Some(!self.module_config.config.canonicalize_nans);
336 
337             // Enabling the verifier will at-least-double compilation time, which
338             // with a 20-30x slowdown in fuzzing can cause issues related to
339             // timeouts. If generated modules can have more than a small handful of
340             // functions then disable the verifier when fuzzing to try to lessen the
341             // impact of timeouts.
342             if self.module_config.config.max_funcs > 10 {
343                 cfg.codegen.cranelift_debug_verifier = Some(false);
344             }
345 
346             if self.wasmtime.force_jump_veneers {
347                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
348                     "wasmtime_linkopt_force_jump_veneer".to_string(),
349                     Some("true".to_string()),
350                 ));
351             }
352 
353             if let Some(pad) = self.wasmtime.padding_between_functions {
354                 cfg.codegen.cranelift.push((
355                     "wasmtime_linkopt_padding_between_functions".to_string(),
356                     Some(pad.to_string()),
357                 ));
358             }
359 
360             cfg.codegen.pcc = Some(pcc);
361 
362             // Eager init is currently only supported on Cranelift, not Winch.
363             cfg.opts.table_lazy_init = Some(self.wasmtime.table_lazy_init);
364         }
365 
366         self.wasmtime.strategy.configure(&mut cfg);
367 
368         // Vary the memory configuration, but only if threads are not enabled.
369         // When the threads proposal is enabled we might generate shared memory,
370         // which is less amenable to different memory configurations:
371         // - shared memories are required to be "static" so fuzzing the various
372         //   memory configurations will mostly result in uninteresting errors.
373         //   The interesting part about shared memories is the runtime so we
374         //   don't fuzz non-default settings.
375         // - shared memories are required to be aligned which means that the
376         //   `CustomUnaligned` variant isn't actually safe to use with a shared
377         //   memory.
378         if !self.module_config.config.threads_enabled {
379             // If PCC is enabled, force other options to be compatible: PCC is currently only
380             // supported when bounds checks are elided.
381             let memory_config = if pcc {
382                 MemoryConfig {
383                     memory_reservation: Some(4 << 30), // 4 GiB
384                     memory_guard_size: Some(2 << 30),  // 2 GiB
385                     memory_reservation_for_growth: Some(0),
386                     guard_before_linear_memory: false,
387                     memory_init_cow: true,
388                     // Doesn't matter, only using virtual memory.
389                     cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations: None,
390                 }
391             } else {
392                 self.wasmtime.memory_config.clone()
393             };
394 
395             memory_config.configure(&mut cfg);
396         };
397 
398         // If malloc-based memory is going to be used, which requires these four
399         // options set to specific values (and Pulley auto-sets two of them)
400         // then be sure to cap `memory_reservation_for_growth` at a smaller
401         // value than the default. For malloc-based memory reservation beyond
402         // the end of memory isn't captured by `StoreLimiter` so we need to be
403         // sure it's small enough to not blow OOM limits while fuzzing.
404         if ((cfg.opts.signals_based_traps == Some(true) && cfg.opts.memory_guard_size == Some(0))
405             || self.wasmtime.compiler_strategy == CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley)
406             && cfg.opts.memory_reservation == Some(0)
407             && cfg.opts.memory_init_cow == Some(false)
408         {
409             let growth = &mut cfg.opts.memory_reservation_for_growth;
410             let max = 1 << 20;
411             *growth = match *growth {
412                 Some(n) => Some(n.min(max)),
413                 None => Some(max),
414             };
415         }
416 
417         log::debug!("creating wasmtime config with CLI options:\n{cfg}");
418         let mut cfg = cfg.config(None).expect("failed to create wasmtime::Config");
419 
420         if self.wasmtime.async_config != AsyncConfig::Disabled {
421             log::debug!("async config in use {:?}", self.wasmtime.async_config);
422             self.wasmtime.async_config.configure(&mut cfg);
423         }
424 
425         return cfg;
426     }
427 
428     /// Convenience function for generating a `Store<T>` using this
429     /// configuration.
430     pub fn to_store(&self) -> Store<StoreLimits> {
431         let engine = Engine::new(&self.to_wasmtime()).unwrap();
432         let mut store = Store::new(&engine, StoreLimits::new());
433         self.configure_store(&mut store);
434         store
435     }
436 
437     /// Configures a store based on this configuration.
438     pub fn configure_store(&self, store: &mut Store<StoreLimits>) {
439         store.limiter(|s| s as &mut dyn wasmtime::ResourceLimiter);
440 
441         // Configure the store to never abort by default, that is it'll have
442         // max fuel or otherwise trap on an epoch change but the epoch won't
443         // ever change.
444         //
445         // Afterwards though see what `AsyncConfig` is being used an further
446         // refine the store's configuration based on that.
447         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel {
448             store.set_fuel(u64::MAX).unwrap();
449         }
450         if self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption {
451             store.epoch_deadline_trap();
452             store.set_epoch_deadline(1);
453         }
454         match self.wasmtime.async_config {
455             AsyncConfig::Disabled => {}
456             AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(amt) => {
457                 assert!(self.wasmtime.consume_fuel);
458                 store.fuel_async_yield_interval(Some(amt)).unwrap();
459             }
460             AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs { ticks, .. } => {
461                 assert!(self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption);
462                 store.set_epoch_deadline(ticks);
463                 store.epoch_deadline_async_yield_and_update(ticks);
464             }
465         }
466     }
467 
468     /// Generates an arbitrary method of timing out an instance, ensuring that
469     /// this configuration supports the returned timeout.
470     pub fn generate_timeout(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Timeout> {
471         let time_duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
472         let timeout = u
473             .choose(&[Timeout::Fuel(100_000), Timeout::Epoch(time_duration)])?
474             .clone();
475         match &timeout {
476             Timeout::Fuel(..) => {
477                 self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
478             }
479             Timeout::Epoch(..) => {
480                 self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
481             }
482             Timeout::None => unreachable!("Not an option given to choose()"),
483         }
484         Ok(timeout)
485     }
486 
487     /// Compiles the `wasm` within the `engine` provided.
488     ///
489     /// This notably will use `Module::{serialize,deserialize_file}` to
490     /// round-trip if configured in the fuzzer.
491     pub fn compile(&self, engine: &Engine, wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<Module> {
492         // Propagate this error in case the caller wants to handle
493         // valid-vs-invalid wasm.
494         let module = Module::new(engine, wasm)?;
495         if !self.wasmtime.use_precompiled_cwasm {
496             return Ok(module);
497         }
498 
499         // Don't propagate these errors to prevent them from accidentally being
500         // interpreted as invalid wasm, these should never fail on a
501         // well-behaved host system.
502         let dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
503         let file = dir.path().join("module.wasm");
504         std::fs::write(&file, module.serialize().unwrap()).unwrap();
505         unsafe { Ok(Module::deserialize_file(engine, &file).unwrap()) }
506     }
507 
508     /// Updates this configuration to forcibly enable async support. Only useful
509     /// in fuzzers which do async calls.
510     pub fn enable_async(&mut self, u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
511         if self.wasmtime.consume_fuel || u.arbitrary()? {
512             self.wasmtime.async_config =
513                 AsyncConfig::YieldWithFuel(u.int_in_range(1000..=100_000)?);
514             self.wasmtime.consume_fuel = true;
515         } else {
516             self.wasmtime.async_config = AsyncConfig::YieldWithEpochs {
517                 dur: Duration::from_millis(u.int_in_range(1..=10)?),
518                 ticks: u.int_in_range(1..=10)?,
519             };
520             self.wasmtime.epoch_interruption = true;
521         }
522         Ok(())
523     }
524 }
525 
526 impl<'a> Arbitrary<'a> for Config {
527     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
528         let mut config = Self {
529             wasmtime: u.arbitrary()?,
530             module_config: u.arbitrary()?,
531         };
532 
533         config
534             .wasmtime
535             .update_module_config(&mut config.module_config, u)?;
536 
537         Ok(config)
538     }
539 }
540 
541 /// Configuration related to `wasmtime::Config` and the various settings which
542 /// can be tweaked from within.
543 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
544 pub struct WasmtimeConfig {
545     opt_level: OptLevel,
546     regalloc_algorithm: RegallocAlgorithm,
547     debug_info: bool,
548     canonicalize_nans: bool,
549     interruptable: bool,
550     pub(crate) consume_fuel: bool,
551     pub(crate) epoch_interruption: bool,
552     /// The Wasmtime memory configuration to use.
553     pub memory_config: MemoryConfig,
554     force_jump_veneers: bool,
555     memory_init_cow: bool,
556     memory_guaranteed_dense_image_size: u64,
557     use_precompiled_cwasm: bool,
558     async_stack_zeroing: bool,
559     /// Configuration for the instance allocation strategy to use.
560     pub strategy: InstanceAllocationStrategy,
561     codegen: CodegenSettings,
562     padding_between_functions: Option<u16>,
563     generate_address_map: bool,
564     native_unwind_info: bool,
565     /// Configuration for the compiler to use.
566     pub compiler_strategy: CompilerStrategy,
567     collector: Collector,
568     table_lazy_init: bool,
569 
570     /// Whether or not fuzzing should enable PCC.
571     pcc: bool,
572 
573     /// Configuration for whether wasm is invoked in an async fashion and how
574     /// it's cooperatively time-sliced.
575     pub async_config: AsyncConfig,
576 
577     /// Whether or not host signal handlers are enabled for this configuration,
578     /// aka whether signal handlers are supported.
579     signals_based_traps: bool,
580 }
581 
582 impl WasmtimeConfig {
583     /// Force `self` to be a configuration compatible with `other`. This is
584     /// useful for differential execution to avoid unhelpful fuzz crashes when
585     /// one engine has a feature enabled and the other does not.
586     pub fn make_compatible_with(&mut self, other: &Self) {
587         // Use the same allocation strategy between the two configs.
588         //
589         // Ideally this wouldn't be necessary, but, during differential
590         // evaluation, if the `lhs` is using ondemand and the `rhs` is using the
591         // pooling allocator (or vice versa), then the module may have been
592         // generated in such a way that is incompatible with the other
593         // allocation strategy.
594         //
595         // We can remove this in the future when it's possible to access the
596         // fields of `wasm_smith::Module` to constrain the pooling allocator
597         // based on what was actually generated.
598         self.strategy = other.strategy.clone();
599         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling { .. } = &other.strategy {
600             // Also use the same memory configuration when using the pooling
601             // allocator.
602             self.memory_config = other.memory_config.clone();
603         }
604 
605         self.make_internally_consistent();
606     }
607 
608     /// Updates `config` to be compatible with `self` and the other way around
609     /// too.
610     pub fn update_module_config(
611         &mut self,
612         config: &mut ModuleConfig,
613         _u: &mut Unstructured<'_>,
614     ) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
615         match self.compiler_strategy {
616             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {}
617 
618             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
619                 // Winch is not complete on non-x64 targets, so just abandon this test
620                 // case. We don't want to force Cranelift because we change what module
621                 // config features are enabled based on the compiler strategy, and we
622                 // don't want to make the same fuzz input DNA generate different test
623                 // cases on different targets.
624                 if cfg!(not(target_arch = "x86_64")) {
625                     log::warn!(
626                         "want to compile with Winch but host architecture does not support it"
627                     );
628                     return Err(arbitrary::Error::IncorrectFormat);
629                 }
630 
631                 // Winch doesn't support the same set of wasm proposal as Cranelift
632                 // at this time, so if winch is selected be sure to disable wasm
633                 // proposals in `Config` to ensure that Winch can compile the
634                 // module that wasm-smith generates.
635                 config.config.relaxed_simd_enabled = false;
636                 config.config.gc_enabled = false;
637                 config.config.tail_call_enabled = false;
638                 config.config.reference_types_enabled = false;
639                 config.function_references_enabled = false;
640 
641                 // Winch's SIMD implementations require AVX and AVX2.
642                 if self
643                     .codegen_flag("has_avx")
644                     .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
645                     || self
646                         .codegen_flag("has_avx2")
647                         .is_some_and(|value| value == "false")
648                 {
649                     config.config.simd_enabled = false;
650                 }
651 
652                 // Tuning  the following engine options is currently not supported
653                 // by Winch.
654                 self.signals_based_traps = true;
655                 self.table_lazy_init = true;
656                 self.debug_info = false;
657             }
658 
659             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
660                 config.config.threads_enabled = false;
661             }
662         }
663 
664         // If using the pooling allocator, constrain the memory and module configurations
665         // to the module limits.
666         if let InstanceAllocationStrategy::Pooling(pooling) = &mut self.strategy {
667             // If the pooling allocator is used, do not allow shared memory to
668             // be created. FIXME: see
669             // https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4244.
670             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
671 
672             // Ensure the pooling allocator can support the maximal size of
673             // memory, picking the smaller of the two to win.
674             let min_bytes = config
675                 .config
676                 .max_memory32_bytes
677                 // memory64_bytes is a u128, but since we are taking the min
678                 // we can truncate it down to a u64.
679                 .min(
680                     config
681                         .config
682                         .max_memory64_bytes
683                         .try_into()
684                         .unwrap_or(u64::MAX),
685                 );
686             let min = min_bytes
687                 .min(pooling.max_memory_size as u64)
688                 .min(self.memory_config.memory_reservation.unwrap_or(0));
689             pooling.max_memory_size = min as usize;
690             config.config.max_memory32_bytes = min;
691             config.config.max_memory64_bytes = min as u128;
692 
693             // If traps are disallowed then memories must have at least one page
694             // of memory so if we still are only allowing 0 pages of memory then
695             // increase that to one here.
696             if config.config.disallow_traps {
697                 if pooling.max_memory_size < (1 << 16) {
698                     pooling.max_memory_size = 1 << 16;
699                     config.config.max_memory32_bytes = 1 << 16;
700                     config.config.max_memory64_bytes = 1 << 16;
701                     let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
702                     match &mut cfg.memory_reservation {
703                         Some(size) => *size = (*size).max(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
704                         size @ None => *size = Some(pooling.max_memory_size as u64),
705                     }
706                 }
707                 // .. additionally update tables
708                 if pooling.table_elements == 0 {
709                     pooling.table_elements = 1;
710                 }
711             }
712 
713             // Don't allow too many linear memories per instance since massive
714             // virtual mappings can fail to get allocated.
715             config.config.min_memories = config.config.min_memories.min(10);
716             config.config.max_memories = config.config.max_memories.min(10);
717 
718             // Force this pooling allocator to always be able to accommodate the
719             // module that may be generated.
720             pooling.total_memories = config.config.max_memories as u32;
721             pooling.total_tables = config.config.max_tables as u32;
722         }
723 
724         if !self.signals_based_traps {
725             // At this time shared memories require a "static" memory
726             // configuration but when signals-based traps are disabled all
727             // memories are forced to the "dynamic" configuration. This is
728             // fixable with some more work on the bounds-checks side of things
729             // to do a full bounds check even on static memories, but that's
730             // left for a future PR.
731             config.config.threads_enabled = false;
732 
733             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so this
734             // must always be disabled if signals-based traps are disabled.
735             self.memory_config
736                 .cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
737         }
738 
739         self.make_internally_consistent();
740 
741         Ok(())
742     }
743 
744     /// Returns the codegen flag value, if any, for `name`.
745     pub(crate) fn codegen_flag(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> {
746         self.codegen.flags().iter().find_map(|(n, value)| {
747             if n == name {
748                 Some(value.as_str())
749             } else {
750                 None
751             }
752         })
753     }
754 
755     /// Helper method to handle some dependencies between various configuration
756     /// options. This is intended to be called whenever a `Config` is created or
757     /// modified to ensure that the final result is an instantiable `Config`.
758     ///
759     /// Note that in general this probably shouldn't exist and anything here can
760     /// be considered a "TODO" to go implement more stuff in Wasmtime to accept
761     /// these sorts of configurations. For now though it's intended to reflect
762     /// the current state of the engine's development.
763     fn make_internally_consistent(&mut self) {
764         if !self.signals_based_traps {
765             let cfg = &mut self.memory_config;
766             // Spectre-based heap mitigations require signal handlers so
767             // this must always be disabled if signals-based traps are
768             // disabled.
769             cfg.cranelift_enable_heap_access_spectre_mitigations = None;
770 
771             // With configuration settings that match the use of malloc for
772             // linear memories cap the `memory_reservation_for_growth` value
773             // to something reasonable to avoid OOM in fuzzing.
774             if !cfg.memory_init_cow
775                 && cfg.memory_guard_size == Some(0)
776                 && cfg.memory_reservation == Some(0)
777             {
778                 let min = 10 << 20; // 10 MiB
779                 if let Some(val) = &mut cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth {
780                     *val = (*val).min(min);
781                 } else {
782                     cfg.memory_reservation_for_growth = Some(min);
783                 }
784             }
785         }
786     }
787 }
788 
789 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
790 enum OptLevel {
791     None,
792     Speed,
793     SpeedAndSize,
794 }
795 
796 impl OptLevel {
797     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::OptLevel {
798         match self {
799             OptLevel::None => wasmtime::OptLevel::None,
800             OptLevel::Speed => wasmtime::OptLevel::Speed,
801             OptLevel::SpeedAndSize => wasmtime::OptLevel::SpeedAndSize,
802         }
803     }
804 }
805 
806 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
807 enum RegallocAlgorithm {
808     Backtracking,
809     SinglePass,
810 }
811 
812 impl RegallocAlgorithm {
813     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm {
814         match self {
815             RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking => wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking,
816             // Note: we have disabled `single_pass` for now because of
817             // its limitations w.r.t. exception handling
818             // (https://github.com/bytecodealliance/regalloc2/issues/217). To
819             // avoid breaking all existing fuzzbugs by changing the
820             // `arbitrary` mappings, we keep the `RegallocAlgorithm`
821             // enum as it is and remap here to `Backtracking`.
822             RegallocAlgorithm::SinglePass => wasmtime::RegallocAlgorithm::Backtracking,
823         }
824     }
825 }
826 
827 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
828 /// Compiler to use.
829 pub enum CompilerStrategy {
830     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
831     CraneliftNative,
832     /// Winch compiler.
833     Winch,
834     /// Cranelift compiler for the native architecture.
835     CraneliftPulley,
836 }
837 
838 impl CompilerStrategy {
839     /// Configures `config` to use this compilation strategy
840     pub fn configure(&self, config: &mut wasmtime_cli_flags::CommonOptions) {
841         match self {
842             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftNative => {
843                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
844             }
845             CompilerStrategy::Winch => {
846                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Winch);
847             }
848             CompilerStrategy::CraneliftPulley => {
849                 config.codegen.compiler = Some(wasmtime::Strategy::Cranelift);
850                 config.target = Some("pulley64".to_string());
851             }
852         }
853     }
854 }
855 
856 impl Arbitrary<'_> for CompilerStrategy {
857     fn arbitrary(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
858         // Favor fuzzing native cranelift, but if allowed also enable
859         // winch/pulley.
860         match u.int_in_range(0..=19)? {
861             1 => Ok(Self::CraneliftPulley),
862             2 => Ok(Self::Winch),
863             _ => Ok(Self::CraneliftNative),
864         }
865     }
866 }
867 
868 #[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
869 pub enum Collector {
870     DeferredReferenceCounting,
871     Null,
872 }
873 
874 impl Collector {
875     fn to_wasmtime(&self) -> wasmtime::Collector {
876         match self {
877             Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting => wasmtime::Collector::DeferredReferenceCounting,
878             Collector::Null => wasmtime::Collector::Null,
879         }
880     }
881 }
882