src/ir/types.rs

//! Common types for the Cranelift code generator.

use core::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
use cranelift_codegen_shared::constants;
#[cfg(feature = "enable-serde")]
use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use target_lexicon::{PointerWidth, Triple};

/// The type of an SSA value.
///
/// The `INVALID` type isn't a real type, and is used as a placeholder in the IR where a type
/// field is present put no type is needed, such as the controlling type variable for a
/// non-polymorphic instruction.
///
/// Basic integer types: `I8`, `I16`, `I32`, `I64`, and `I128`. These types are sign-agnostic.
///
/// Basic floating point types: `F16`, `F32`, `F64`, and `F128`. IEEE half, single, double, and quadruple precision.
///
/// SIMD vector types have power-of-two lanes, up to 256. Lanes can be any int/float type.
///
/// Note that this is encoded in a `u16` currently for extensibility,
/// but allows only 14 bits to be used due to some bitpacking tricks
/// in the CLIF data structures.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "enable-serde", derive(Serialize, Deserialize))]
pub struct Type(u16);

/// Not a valid type. Can't be loaded or stored. Can't be part of a SIMD vector.
pub const INVALID: Type = Type(0);

// Include code generated by `cranelift-codegen/meta/gen_types.rs`. This file contains constant
// definitions for all the scalar types as well as common vector types for 64, 128, 256, and
// 512-bit SIMD vectors.
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/types.rs"));

impl Type {
    /// Get the lane type of this SIMD vector type.
    ///
    /// A lane type is the same as a SIMD vector type with one lane, so it returns itself.
    pub fn lane_type(self) -> Self {
        if self.0 < constants::VECTOR_BASE {
            self
        } else {
            Self(constants::LANE_BASE | (self.0 & 0x0f))
        }
    }

    /// The type transformation that returns the lane type of a type variable; it is just a
    /// renaming of lane_type() to be used in context where we think in terms of type variable
    /// transformations.
    pub fn lane_of(self) -> Self {
        self.lane_type()
    }

    /// Get log_2 of the number of bits in a lane.
    pub fn log2_lane_bits(self) -> u32 {
        match self.lane_type() {
            I8 => 3,
            I16 | F16 => 4,
            I32 | F32 => 5,
            I64 | F64 => 6,
            I128 | F128 => 7,
            _ => 0,
        }
    }

    /// Get the number of bits in a lane.
    pub fn lane_bits(self) -> u32 {
        match self.lane_type() {
            I8 => 8,
            I16 | F16 => 16,
            I32 | F32 => 32,
            I64 | F64 => 64,
            I128 | F128 => 128,
            _ => 0,
        }
    }

    /// Get the (minimum, maximum) values represented by each lane in the type.
    /// Note that these are returned as unsigned 'bit patterns'.
    pub fn bounds(self, signed: bool) -> (u128, u128) {
        if signed {
            match self.lane_type() {
                I8 => (i8::MIN as u128, i8::MAX as u128),
                I16 => (i16::MIN as u128, i16::MAX as u128),
                I32 => (i32::MIN as u128, i32::MAX as u128),
                I64 => (i64::MIN as u128, i64::MAX as u128),
                I128 => (i128::MIN as u128, i128::MAX as u128),
                _ => unimplemented!(),
            }
        } else {
            match self.lane_type() {
                I8 => (u8::MIN as u128, u8::MAX as u128),
                I16 => (u16::MIN as u128, u16::MAX as u128),
                I32 => (u32::MIN as u128, u32::MAX as u128),
                I64 => (u64::MIN as u128, u64::MAX as u128),
                I128 => (u128::MIN, u128::MAX),
                _ => unimplemented!(),
            }
        }
    }

    /// Get an integer type with the requested number of bits.
    ///
    /// For the same thing but in *bytes*, use [`Self::int_with_byte_size`].
    pub fn int(bits: u16) -> Option<Self> {
        match bits {
            8 => Some(I8),
            16 => Some(I16),
            32 => Some(I32),
            64 => Some(I64),
            128 => Some(I128),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Get an integer type with the requested number of bytes.
    ///
    /// For the same thing but in *bits*, use [`Self::int`].
    pub fn int_with_byte_size(bytes: u16) -> Option<Self> {
        Self::int(bytes.checked_mul(8)?)
    }

    /// Get a type with the same number of lanes as `self`, but using `lane` as the lane type.
    fn replace_lanes(self, lane: Self) -> Self {
        debug_assert!(lane.is_lane() && !self.is_special());
        Self((lane.0 & 0x0f) | (self.0 & 0xf0))
    }

    /// Get a type with the same number of lanes as this type, but with the lanes replaced by
    /// booleans of the same size.
    ///
    /// Lane types are treated as vectors with one lane, so they are converted to the multi-bit
    /// boolean types.
    pub fn as_truthy_pedantic(self) -> Self {
        // Replace the low 4 bits with the boolean version, preserve the high 4 bits.
        self.replace_lanes(match self.lane_type() {
            I8 => I8,
            I16 | F16 => I16,
            I32 | F32 => I32,
            I64 | F64 => I64,
            I128 | F128 => I128,
            _ => I8,
        })
    }

    /// Get the type of a comparison result for the given type. For vectors this will be a vector
    /// with the same number of lanes and integer elements, and for scalar types this will be `i8`,
    /// which is the result type of comparisons.
    pub fn as_truthy(self) -> Self {
        if !self.is_vector() {
            I8
        } else {
            self.as_truthy_pedantic()
        }
    }

    /// Get a type with the same number of lanes as this type, but with the lanes replaced by
    /// integers of the same size.
    pub fn as_int(self) -> Self {
        self.replace_lanes(match self.lane_type() {
            I8 => I8,
            I16 | F16 => I16,
            I32 | F32 => I32,
            I64 | F64 => I64,
            I128 | F128 => I128,
            _ => unimplemented!(),
        })
    }

    /// Get a type with the same number of lanes as this type, but with lanes that are half the
    /// number of bits.
    pub fn half_width(self) -> Option<Self> {
        Some(self.replace_lanes(match self.lane_type() {
            I16 => I8,
            I32 => I16,
            I64 => I32,
            I128 => I64,
            F32 => F16,
            F64 => F32,
            F128 => F64,
            _ => return None,
        }))
    }

    /// Get a type with the same number of lanes as this type, but with lanes that are twice the
    /// number of bits.
    pub fn double_width(self) -> Option<Self> {
        Some(self.replace_lanes(match self.lane_type() {
            I8 => I16,
            I16 => I32,
            I32 => I64,
            I64 => I128,
            F16 => F32,
            F32 => F64,
            F64 => F128,
            _ => return None,
        }))
    }

    /// Is this the INVALID type?
    pub fn is_invalid(self) -> bool {
        self == INVALID
    }

    /// Is this a special type?
    pub fn is_special(self) -> bool {
        self.0 < constants::LANE_BASE
    }

    /// Is this a lane type?
    ///
    /// This is a scalar type that can also appear as the lane type of a SIMD vector.
    pub fn is_lane(self) -> bool {
        constants::LANE_BASE <= self.0 && self.0 < constants::VECTOR_BASE
    }

    /// Is this a SIMD vector type?
    ///
    /// A vector type has 2 or more lanes.
    pub fn is_vector(self) -> bool {
        self.0 >= constants::VECTOR_BASE && !self.is_dynamic_vector()
    }

    /// Is this a SIMD vector type with a runtime number of lanes?
    pub fn is_dynamic_vector(self) -> bool {
        self.0 >= constants::DYNAMIC_VECTOR_BASE
    }

    /// Is this a scalar integer type?
    pub fn is_int(self) -> bool {
        match self {
            I8 | I16 | I32 | I64 | I128 => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Is this a scalar floating point type?
    pub fn is_float(self) -> bool {
        match self {
            F16 | F32 | F64 | F128 => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Get log_2 of the number of lanes in this SIMD vector type.
    ///
    /// All SIMD types have a lane count that is a power of two and no larger than 256, so this
    /// will be a number in the range 0-8.
    ///
    /// A scalar type is the same as a SIMD vector type with one lane, so it returns 0.
    pub fn log2_lane_count(self) -> u32 {
        if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            0
        } else {
            (self.0.saturating_sub(constants::LANE_BASE) >> 4) as u32
        }
    }

    /// Get log_2 of the number of lanes in this vector/dynamic type.
    pub fn log2_min_lane_count(self) -> u32 {
        if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            (self
                .0
                .saturating_sub(constants::VECTOR_BASE + constants::LANE_BASE)
                >> 4) as u32
        } else {
            self.log2_lane_count()
        }
    }

    /// Get the number of lanes in this SIMD vector type.
    ///
    /// A scalar type is the same as a SIMD vector type with one lane, so it returns 1.
    pub fn lane_count(self) -> u32 {
        if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            0
        } else {
            1 << self.log2_lane_count()
        }
    }

    /// Get the total number of bits used to represent this type.
    pub fn bits(self) -> u32 {
        if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            0
        } else {
            self.lane_bits() * self.lane_count()
        }
    }

    /// Get the minimum of lanes in this SIMD vector type, this supports both fixed and
    /// dynamic types.
    pub fn min_lane_count(self) -> u32 {
        if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            1 << self.log2_min_lane_count()
        } else {
            1 << self.log2_lane_count()
        }
    }

    /// Get the minimum number of bits used to represent this type.
    pub fn min_bits(self) -> u32 {
        if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            self.lane_bits() * self.min_lane_count()
        } else {
            self.bits()
        }
    }

    /// Get the number of bytes used to store this type in memory.
    pub fn bytes(self) -> u32 {
        (self.bits() + 7) / 8
    }

    /// Get a SIMD vector type with `n` times more lanes than this one.
    ///
    /// If this is a scalar type, this produces a SIMD type with this as a lane type and `n` lanes.
    ///
    /// If this is already a SIMD vector type, this produces a SIMD vector type with `n *
    /// self.lane_count()` lanes.
    pub fn by(self, n: u32) -> Option<Self> {
        if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            return None;
        }
        if self.lane_bits() == 0 || !n.is_power_of_two() {
            return None;
        }
        let log2_lanes: u32 = n.trailing_zeros();
        let new_type = u32::from(self.0) + (log2_lanes << 4);
        if new_type < constants::DYNAMIC_VECTOR_BASE as u32
            && (new_type as u16) < constants::DYNAMIC_VECTOR_BASE
        {
            Some(Self(new_type as u16))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Convert a fixed vector type to a dynamic one.
    pub fn vector_to_dynamic(self) -> Option<Self> {
        assert!(self.is_vector());
        if self.bits() > 256 {
            return None;
        }
        let new_ty = self.0 + constants::VECTOR_BASE;
        let ty = Some(Self(new_ty));
        assert!(ty.unwrap().is_dynamic_vector());
        return ty;
    }

    /// Convert a dynamic vector type to a fixed one.
    pub fn dynamic_to_vector(self) -> Option<Self> {
        assert!(self.is_dynamic_vector());
        Some(Self(self.0 - constants::VECTOR_BASE))
    }

    /// Split the lane width in half and double the number of lanes to maintain the same bit-width.
    ///
    /// If this is a scalar type of `n` bits, it produces a SIMD vector type of `(n/2)x2`.
    pub fn split_lanes(self) -> Option<Self> {
        match self.half_width() {
            Some(half_width) => half_width.by(2),
            None => None,
        }
    }

    /// Merge lanes to half the number of lanes and double the lane width to maintain the same
    /// bit-width.
    ///
    /// If this is a scalar type, it will return `None`.
    pub fn merge_lanes(self) -> Option<Self> {
        match self.double_width() {
            Some(double_width) => {
                if double_width.is_vector() && !double_width.is_dynamic_vector() {
                    Some(Self(double_width.0 - 0x10))
                } else {
                    None
                }
            }
            None => None,
        }
    }

    /// Index of this type, for use with hash tables etc.
    pub fn index(self) -> usize {
        usize::from(self.0)
    }

    /// True iff:
    ///
    /// 1. `self.lane_count() == other.lane_count()` and
    /// 2. `self.lane_bits() >= other.lane_bits()`
    pub fn wider_or_equal(self, other: Self) -> bool {
        self.lane_count() == other.lane_count() && self.lane_bits() >= other.lane_bits()
    }

    /// Return the pointer type for the given target triple.
    pub fn triple_pointer_type(triple: &Triple) -> Self {
        match triple.pointer_width() {
            Ok(PointerWidth::U16) => I16,
            Ok(PointerWidth::U32) => I32,
            Ok(PointerWidth::U64) => I64,
            Err(()) => panic!("unable to determine architecture pointer width"),
        }
    }

    /// Gets a bit-level representation of the type. Used only
    /// internally for efficiently storing types.
    pub(crate) fn repr(self) -> u16 {
        self.0
    }

    /// Converts from a bit-level representation of the type back to a
    /// `Type`.
    pub(crate) fn from_repr(bits: u16) -> Type {
        Type(bits)
    }
}

impl Display for Type {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        if self.is_int() {
            write!(f, "i{}", self.lane_bits())
        } else if self.is_float() {
            write!(f, "f{}", self.lane_bits())
        } else if self.is_vector() {
            write!(f, "{}x{}", self.lane_type(), self.lane_count())
        } else if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            write!(f, "{:?}x{}xN", self.lane_type(), self.min_lane_count())
        } else {
            match *self {
                INVALID => panic!("INVALID encountered"),
                _ => panic!("Unknown Type(0x{:x})", self.0),
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Debug for Type {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        if self.is_int() {
            write!(f, "types::I{}", self.lane_bits())
        } else if self.is_float() {
            write!(f, "types::F{}", self.lane_bits())
        } else if self.is_vector() {
            write!(f, "{:?}X{}", self.lane_type(), self.lane_count())
        } else if self.is_dynamic_vector() {
            write!(f, "{:?}X{}XN", self.lane_type(), self.min_lane_count())
        } else {
            match *self {
                INVALID => write!(f, "types::INVALID"),
                _ => write!(f, "Type(0x{:x})", self.0),
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Default for Type {
    fn default() -> Self {
        INVALID
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use alloc::string::ToString;

    #[test]
    fn basic_scalars() {
        assert_eq!(INVALID, INVALID.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(0, INVALID.bits());
        assert_eq!(I8, I8.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(I16, I16.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(I32, I32.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(I64, I64.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(I128, I128.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(F32, F32.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(F16, F16.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(F64, F64.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(F128, F128.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(I32, I32X4.lane_type());
        assert_eq!(F64, F64X2.lane_type());

        assert_eq!(INVALID.lane_bits(), 0);
        assert_eq!(I8.lane_bits(), 8);
        assert_eq!(I16.lane_bits(), 16);
        assert_eq!(I32.lane_bits(), 32);
        assert_eq!(I64.lane_bits(), 64);
        assert_eq!(I128.lane_bits(), 128);
        assert_eq!(F16.lane_bits(), 16);
        assert_eq!(F32.lane_bits(), 32);
        assert_eq!(F64.lane_bits(), 64);
        assert_eq!(F128.lane_bits(), 128);
    }

    #[test]
    fn typevar_functions() {
        assert_eq!(INVALID.half_width(), None);
        assert_eq!(INVALID.half_width(), None);
        assert_eq!(I8.half_width(), None);
        assert_eq!(I16.half_width(), Some(I8));
        assert_eq!(I32.half_width(), Some(I16));
        assert_eq!(I32X4.half_width(), Some(I16X4));
        assert_eq!(I64.half_width(), Some(I32));
        assert_eq!(I128.half_width(), Some(I64));
        assert_eq!(F16.half_width(), None);
        assert_eq!(F32.half_width(), Some(F16));
        assert_eq!(F64.half_width(), Some(F32));
        assert_eq!(F128.half_width(), Some(F64));

        assert_eq!(INVALID.double_width(), None);
        assert_eq!(I8.double_width(), Some(I16));
        assert_eq!(I16.double_width(), Some(I32));
        assert_eq!(I32.double_width(), Some(I64));
        assert_eq!(I32X4.double_width(), Some(I64X4));
        assert_eq!(I64.double_width(), Some(I128));
        assert_eq!(I128.double_width(), None);
        assert_eq!(F16.double_width(), Some(F32));
        assert_eq!(F32.double_width(), Some(F64));
        assert_eq!(F64.double_width(), Some(F128));
        assert_eq!(F128.double_width(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn vectors() {
        let big = F64.by(256).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(big.lane_bits(), 64);
        assert_eq!(big.lane_count(), 256);
        assert_eq!(big.bits(), 64 * 256);

        // Check that the generated constants match the computed vector types.
        assert_eq!(I32.by(4), Some(I32X4));
        assert_eq!(F64.by(8), Some(F64X8));
    }

    #[test]
    fn dynamic_vectors() {
        // Identification.
        assert_eq!(I8X16XN.is_dynamic_vector(), true);
        assert_eq!(F32X8XN.is_dynamic_vector(), true);
        assert_eq!(F64X4XN.is_dynamic_vector(), true);
        assert_eq!(I128X2XN.is_dynamic_vector(), true);

        // Lane counts.
        assert_eq!(I16X8XN.lane_count(), 0);
        assert_eq!(I16X8XN.min_lane_count(), 8);

        // Change lane counts
        assert_eq!(I8X8XN.by(2), None);

        // Conversions to and from vectors.
        assert_eq!(I8.by(16).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(I8X16XN));
        assert_eq!(I16.by(8).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(I16X8XN));
        assert_eq!(F16.by(8).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(F16X8XN));
        assert_eq!(I32.by(4).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(I32X4XN));
        assert_eq!(F32.by(4).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(F32X4XN));
        assert_eq!(F64.by(2).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(F64X2XN));
        assert_eq!(I128.by(2).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(I128X2XN));
        assert_eq!(F128.by(2).unwrap().vector_to_dynamic(), Some(F128X2XN));

        assert_eq!(I128X2XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(I128X2));
        assert_eq!(F16X4XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(F16X4));
        assert_eq!(F32X4XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(F32X4));
        assert_eq!(F64X4XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(F64X4));
        assert_eq!(F128X4XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(F128X4));
        assert_eq!(I32X2XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(I32X2));
        assert_eq!(I32X8XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(I32X8));
        assert_eq!(I16X16XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(I16X16));
        assert_eq!(I8X32XN.dynamic_to_vector(), Some(I8X32));

        assert_eq!(I8X64.vector_to_dynamic(), None);
        assert_eq!(F32X16.vector_to_dynamic(), None);
        assert_eq!(I64X8.vector_to_dynamic(), None);
        assert_eq!(I128X4.vector_to_dynamic(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn format_scalars() {
        assert_eq!(I8.to_string(), "i8");
        assert_eq!(I16.to_string(), "i16");
        assert_eq!(I32.to_string(), "i32");
        assert_eq!(I64.to_string(), "i64");
        assert_eq!(I128.to_string(), "i128");
        assert_eq!(F32.to_string(), "f32");
        assert_eq!(F64.to_string(), "f64");
    }

    #[test]
    fn format_vectors() {
        assert_eq!(I8.by(64).unwrap().to_string(), "i8x64");
        assert_eq!(F64.by(2).unwrap().to_string(), "f64x2");
        assert_eq!(I8.by(3), None);
        assert_eq!(I8.by(512), None);
        assert_eq!(INVALID.by(4), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn as_truthy() {
        assert_eq!(I32X4.as_truthy(), I32X4);
        assert_eq!(I32.as_truthy(), I8);
        assert_eq!(I32X4.as_truthy_pedantic(), I32X4);
        assert_eq!(I32.as_truthy_pedantic(), I32);
    }

    #[test]
    fn int_from_size() {
        assert_eq!(Type::int(0), None);
        assert_eq!(Type::int(8), Some(I8));
        assert_eq!(Type::int(33), None);
        assert_eq!(Type::int(64), Some(I64));

        assert_eq!(Type::int_with_byte_size(0), None);
        assert_eq!(Type::int_with_byte_size(2), Some(I16));
        assert_eq!(Type::int_with_byte_size(6), None);
        assert_eq!(Type::int_with_byte_size(16), Some(I128));

        // Ensure `int_with_byte_size` handles overflow properly
        let evil = 0xE001_u16;
        assert_eq!(evil.wrapping_mul(8), 8, "check the constant is correct");
        assert_eq!(Type::int_with_byte_size(evil), None);
    }
}