xref: /linux-6.15/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack.c (revision d66fa9ec)
1 /*
2  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
3  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
4  */
5 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
6 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
7 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
8 #include <linux/utsname.h>
9 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
10 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
11 #include <linux/module.h>
12 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
13 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
14 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
15 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
16 #include <linux/kexec.h>
17 #include <linux/bug.h>
18 #include <linux/nmi.h>
19 #include <linux/sysfs.h>
20 
21 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
22 #include <asm/unwind.h>
23 
24 int panic_on_unrecovered_nmi;
25 int panic_on_io_nmi;
26 unsigned int code_bytes = 64;
27 static int die_counter;
28 
29 bool in_task_stack(unsigned long *stack, struct task_struct *task,
30 		   struct stack_info *info)
31 {
32 	unsigned long *begin = task_stack_page(task);
33 	unsigned long *end   = task_stack_page(task) + THREAD_SIZE;
34 
35 	if (stack < begin || stack >= end)
36 		return false;
37 
38 	info->type	= STACK_TYPE_TASK;
39 	info->begin	= begin;
40 	info->end	= end;
41 	info->next_sp	= NULL;
42 
43 	return true;
44 }
45 
46 bool in_sysenter_stack(unsigned long *stack, struct stack_info *info)
47 {
48 	struct SYSENTER_stack *ss = cpu_SYSENTER_stack(smp_processor_id());
49 
50 	void *begin = ss;
51 	void *end = ss + 1;
52 
53 	if ((void *)stack < begin || (void *)stack >= end)
54 		return false;
55 
56 	info->type	= STACK_TYPE_SYSENTER;
57 	info->begin	= begin;
58 	info->end	= end;
59 	info->next_sp	= NULL;
60 
61 	return true;
62 }
63 
64 static void printk_stack_address(unsigned long address, int reliable,
65 				 char *log_lvl)
66 {
67 	touch_nmi_watchdog();
68 	printk("%s %s%pB\n", log_lvl, reliable ? "" : "? ", (void *)address);
69 }
70 
71 void show_iret_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
72 {
73 	printk(KERN_DEFAULT "RIP: %04x:%pS\n", (int)regs->cs, (void *)regs->ip);
74 	printk(KERN_DEFAULT "RSP: %04x:%016lx EFLAGS: %08lx", (int)regs->ss,
75 		regs->sp, regs->flags);
76 }
77 
78 static void show_regs_safe(struct stack_info *info, struct pt_regs *regs)
79 {
80 	if (on_stack(info, regs, sizeof(*regs)))
81 		__show_regs(regs, 0);
82 	else if (on_stack(info, (void *)regs + IRET_FRAME_OFFSET,
83 			  IRET_FRAME_SIZE)) {
84 		/*
85 		 * When an interrupt or exception occurs in entry code, the
86 		 * full pt_regs might not have been saved yet.  In that case
87 		 * just print the iret frame.
88 		 */
89 		show_iret_regs(regs);
90 	}
91 }
92 
93 void show_trace_log_lvl(struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs,
94 			unsigned long *stack, char *log_lvl)
95 {
96 	struct unwind_state state;
97 	struct stack_info stack_info = {0};
98 	unsigned long visit_mask = 0;
99 	int graph_idx = 0;
100 
101 	printk("%sCall Trace:\n", log_lvl);
102 
103 	unwind_start(&state, task, regs, stack);
104 	stack = stack ? : get_stack_pointer(task, regs);
105 
106 	/*
107 	 * Iterate through the stacks, starting with the current stack pointer.
108 	 * Each stack has a pointer to the next one.
109 	 *
110 	 * x86-64 can have several stacks:
111 	 * - task stack
112 	 * - interrupt stack
113 	 * - HW exception stacks (double fault, nmi, debug, mce)
114 	 * - SYSENTER stack
115 	 *
116 	 * x86-32 can have up to four stacks:
117 	 * - task stack
118 	 * - softirq stack
119 	 * - hardirq stack
120 	 * - SYSENTER stack
121 	 */
122 	for (regs = NULL; stack; stack = PTR_ALIGN(stack_info.next_sp, sizeof(long))) {
123 		const char *stack_name;
124 
125 		if (get_stack_info(stack, task, &stack_info, &visit_mask)) {
126 			/*
127 			 * We weren't on a valid stack.  It's possible that
128 			 * we overflowed a valid stack into a guard page.
129 			 * See if the next page up is valid so that we can
130 			 * generate some kind of backtrace if this happens.
131 			 */
132 			stack = (unsigned long *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)stack);
133 			if (get_stack_info(stack, task, &stack_info, &visit_mask))
134 				break;
135 		}
136 
137 		stack_name = stack_type_name(stack_info.type);
138 		if (stack_name)
139 			printk("%s <%s>\n", log_lvl, stack_name);
140 
141 		if (regs)
142 			show_regs_safe(&stack_info, regs);
143 
144 		/*
145 		 * Scan the stack, printing any text addresses we find.  At the
146 		 * same time, follow proper stack frames with the unwinder.
147 		 *
148 		 * Addresses found during the scan which are not reported by
149 		 * the unwinder are considered to be additional clues which are
150 		 * sometimes useful for debugging and are prefixed with '?'.
151 		 * This also serves as a failsafe option in case the unwinder
152 		 * goes off in the weeds.
153 		 */
154 		for (; stack < stack_info.end; stack++) {
155 			unsigned long real_addr;
156 			int reliable = 0;
157 			unsigned long addr = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*stack);
158 			unsigned long *ret_addr_p =
159 				unwind_get_return_address_ptr(&state);
160 
161 			if (!__kernel_text_address(addr))
162 				continue;
163 
164 			/*
165 			 * Don't print regs->ip again if it was already printed
166 			 * by show_regs_safe() below.
167 			 */
168 			if (regs && stack == &regs->ip)
169 				goto next;
170 
171 			if (stack == ret_addr_p)
172 				reliable = 1;
173 
174 			/*
175 			 * When function graph tracing is enabled for a
176 			 * function, its return address on the stack is
177 			 * replaced with the address of an ftrace handler
178 			 * (return_to_handler).  In that case, before printing
179 			 * the "real" address, we want to print the handler
180 			 * address as an "unreliable" hint that function graph
181 			 * tracing was involved.
182 			 */
183 			real_addr = ftrace_graph_ret_addr(task, &graph_idx,
184 							  addr, stack);
185 			if (real_addr != addr)
186 				printk_stack_address(addr, 0, log_lvl);
187 			printk_stack_address(real_addr, reliable, log_lvl);
188 
189 			if (!reliable)
190 				continue;
191 
192 next:
193 			/*
194 			 * Get the next frame from the unwinder.  No need to
195 			 * check for an error: if anything goes wrong, the rest
196 			 * of the addresses will just be printed as unreliable.
197 			 */
198 			unwind_next_frame(&state);
199 
200 			/* if the frame has entry regs, print them */
201 			regs = unwind_get_entry_regs(&state);
202 			if (regs)
203 				show_regs_safe(&stack_info, regs);
204 		}
205 
206 		if (stack_name)
207 			printk("%s </%s>\n", log_lvl, stack_name);
208 	}
209 }
210 
211 void show_stack(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long *sp)
212 {
213 	task = task ? : current;
214 
215 	/*
216 	 * Stack frames below this one aren't interesting.  Don't show them
217 	 * if we're printing for %current.
218 	 */
219 	if (!sp && task == current)
220 		sp = get_stack_pointer(current, NULL);
221 
222 	show_trace_log_lvl(task, NULL, sp, KERN_DEFAULT);
223 }
224 
225 void show_stack_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
226 {
227 	show_trace_log_lvl(current, regs, NULL, KERN_DEFAULT);
228 }
229 
230 static arch_spinlock_t die_lock = __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
231 static int die_owner = -1;
232 static unsigned int die_nest_count;
233 
234 unsigned long oops_begin(void)
235 {
236 	int cpu;
237 	unsigned long flags;
238 
239 	oops_enter();
240 
241 	/* racy, but better than risking deadlock. */
242 	raw_local_irq_save(flags);
243 	cpu = smp_processor_id();
244 	if (!arch_spin_trylock(&die_lock)) {
245 		if (cpu == die_owner)
246 			/* nested oops. should stop eventually */;
247 		else
248 			arch_spin_lock(&die_lock);
249 	}
250 	die_nest_count++;
251 	die_owner = cpu;
252 	console_verbose();
253 	bust_spinlocks(1);
254 	return flags;
255 }
256 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(oops_begin);
257 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_begin);
258 
259 void __noreturn rewind_stack_do_exit(int signr);
260 
261 void oops_end(unsigned long flags, struct pt_regs *regs, int signr)
262 {
263 	if (regs && kexec_should_crash(current))
264 		crash_kexec(regs);
265 
266 	bust_spinlocks(0);
267 	die_owner = -1;
268 	add_taint(TAINT_DIE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
269 	die_nest_count--;
270 	if (!die_nest_count)
271 		/* Nest count reaches zero, release the lock. */
272 		arch_spin_unlock(&die_lock);
273 	raw_local_irq_restore(flags);
274 	oops_exit();
275 
276 	if (!signr)
277 		return;
278 	if (in_interrupt())
279 		panic("Fatal exception in interrupt");
280 	if (panic_on_oops)
281 		panic("Fatal exception");
282 
283 	/*
284 	 * We're not going to return, but we might be on an IST stack or
285 	 * have very little stack space left.  Rewind the stack and kill
286 	 * the task.
287 	 */
288 	rewind_stack_do_exit(signr);
289 }
290 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_end);
291 
292 int __die(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
293 {
294 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
295 	unsigned short ss;
296 	unsigned long sp;
297 #endif
298 	printk(KERN_DEFAULT
299 	       "%s: %04lx [#%d]%s%s%s%s\n", str, err & 0xffff, ++die_counter,
300 	       IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT) ? " PREEMPT"         : "",
301 	       IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP)     ? " SMP"             : "",
302 	       debug_pagealloc_enabled()  ? " DEBUG_PAGEALLOC" : "",
303 	       IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN)   ? " KASAN"           : "");
304 
305 	if (notify_die(DIE_OOPS, str, regs, err,
306 			current->thread.trap_nr, SIGSEGV) == NOTIFY_STOP)
307 		return 1;
308 
309 	print_modules();
310 	show_regs(regs);
311 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
312 	if (user_mode(regs)) {
313 		sp = regs->sp;
314 		ss = regs->ss;
315 	} else {
316 		sp = kernel_stack_pointer(regs);
317 		savesegment(ss, ss);
318 	}
319 	printk(KERN_EMERG "EIP: %pS SS:ESP: %04x:%08lx\n",
320 	       (void *)regs->ip, ss, sp);
321 #else
322 	/* Executive summary in case the oops scrolled away */
323 	printk(KERN_ALERT "RIP: %pS RSP: %016lx\n", (void *)regs->ip, regs->sp);
324 #endif
325 	return 0;
326 }
327 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die);
328 
329 /*
330  * This is gone through when something in the kernel has done something bad
331  * and is about to be terminated:
332  */
333 void die(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
334 {
335 	unsigned long flags = oops_begin();
336 	int sig = SIGSEGV;
337 
338 	if (__die(str, regs, err))
339 		sig = 0;
340 	oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
341 }
342 
343 static int __init code_bytes_setup(char *s)
344 {
345 	ssize_t ret;
346 	unsigned long val;
347 
348 	if (!s)
349 		return -EINVAL;
350 
351 	ret = kstrtoul(s, 0, &val);
352 	if (ret)
353 		return ret;
354 
355 	code_bytes = val;
356 	if (code_bytes > 8192)
357 		code_bytes = 8192;
358 
359 	return 1;
360 }
361 __setup("code_bytes=", code_bytes_setup);
362