Handle OOM in the rest of Wasmtime's non-component, -async, -compilation APIs (#12858)

* Handle OOM in more places in the public API

A bunch of random places:

* Add: `Trap::try_new` to handle OOM

Handle OOM in the rest of Wasmtime's non-component, -async, -compilation APIs (#12858)

* Handle OOM in more places in the public API

A bunch of random places:

* Add: `Trap::try_new` to handle OOM while creating traps
* Use: `TryVec` inside `Func::call_impl_do_call` and `wasm_val_raw_storage` to
hold the args and rets
* Add: `Instance::try_exports` for iterating over an instance's exports while
handling OOM
* `Linker:try_get`, like `Linker::get` but handling OOM
* `Linker:try_get_by_import`, like `Linker::get_by_import` but handling OOM
* Use `try_new` to box things in `SharedMemory::new`
* Use `TryVec` instead of `Vec` in our dynamic tables

* Add OOM tests for most of Wasmtime's public API

Excludes component-, async-, and compilation-related APIs.

* address review feedback

* fix test compilation

* fix c-api

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