Fill out type information for components in C API (#11937)

* Fill out type information for components in C API

I've concluded that I'll want this for wasmtime-py so this fills out
type reflection

Fill out type information for components in C API (#11937)

* Fill out type information for components in C API

I've concluded that I'll want this for wasmtime-py so this fills out
type reflection for various items in the C API. This then additionally
extends the C++ API as well.

prtest:full

* Update crates/c-api/include/wasmtime/component/types/func.h

Co-authored-by: Joel Dice <[email protected]>

---------

Co-authored-by: Joel Dice <[email protected]>

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Support resources in the C API of Wasmtime (#11920)

This commit builds on #11885 to build out support for resources in
components in the C API of Wasmtime. Support is effectively the same as
in Rust

Support resources in the C API of Wasmtime (#11920)

This commit builds on #11885 to build out support for resources in
components in the C API of Wasmtime. Support is effectively the same as
in Rust except more things are behind pointers and `ResourceDynamic` is
used under the hood instead of `Resource<T>` due to the lack of
monomorphization. Tests have been updated to go through some various
situations of ensuring that guest and host resources are representable
and can be manipulated.

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Fill out more of the C++ API for components (#11889)

* capi: Add a C++ API for `component::Linker`

Just a bare-bones API for now with functionality that's possible to fill
out. Notably instantiatio

Fill out more of the C++ API for components (#11889)

* capi: Add a C++ API for `component::Linker`

Just a bare-bones API for now with functionality that's possible to fill
out. Notably instantiation and defining functions is not yet possible in
C++. Some more feature-parity is also added with the core linkers as
well.

* capi: Add bindings for component instances

* capi: Delete wasip2.h header file

Upon reflection I realize that this is not actually necessary and is
otherwise a duplicate of the functionality in `wasi.h`. All of the
functionality in `wasi.h` is already supported to power WASIp2-defined
APIs in a linker, which is enabled by the `WasiView` trait redirecting
to the `WasiView for WasiP1Ctx` implementation. This is similar to how
the `wasmtime` CLI works where a P1 context is always created and then
it's conditionally used for either core wasm or components.

Effectively this is a deletion of duplicate functionality in the C API
but no underlying functionality is lost. Translating information to
preexisting WASI calls will work the same as using the wasip2 APIs before.

* capi: Start bindings for component functions

* capi: Bind component values in the C++ API

* capi: Finish bindings for component functions/linkers

All the pieces are now in place to use the C++ API in testing.

* Fix compilation of CLI

* Fix compile on MSVC

* Try again to fix msvc compat

* Fix `get_f32` and `get_f64` return values

* Fix signed return values

* Remove no-longer-needed `capi_transfer` function

* Try to fix msvc again

* Remove std::optional constructor of `Val`

* Fix another namespace clash on msvc

* One day I surely may understand a fraction of either C++ or MSVC, but
today is not that day.

* Document internal macro

* Add other internal docs

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capi: Start filling out C++ API for components (#11880)

* capi: Start filling out C++ API for components

I'd like to write some fancier tests soon for this, but I'm not a fan of
writing C, so this

capi: Start filling out C++ API for components (#11880)

* capi: Start filling out C++ API for components

I'd like to write some fancier tests soon for this, but I'm not a fan of
writing C, so this commit starts to fill out the C++ API for components
by adding a few wrapper classes. Like the rest of the C++ API this is
all built as a wrapper around the C API.

This commit introduces a `Component` type and an `ExportIndex` type to
go along with it. This binds the `component.h` header file in C++. This
also starts a convention of `capi` methods to access the underlying
pointer/value as a conventional way to mix the C/C++ APIs which will
allow gradually migrating tests to C++.

* Fix clippy lint

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c-api: component-model: Flags type (#10873)

* c-api: component-model: Flags type

* Hand make `wasm_name_t::default()` implementation

c-api: component-model: Result types (#10864)

c-api: component-model: Enum and option values (#10858)

* c-api: component-model: Enum values

* c-api: component-model: Option values

c-api: component-model: Function post return, more values (#10841)

* c-api: component-model: `wasmtime_component_post_return()`

* c-api: component-model: Tuple values

* c-api: component-model: Var

c-api: component-model: Function post return, more values (#10841)

* c-api: component-model: `wasmtime_component_post_return()`

* c-api: component-model: Tuple values

* c-api: component-model: Variant values

This required `wasmtime_component_val_new()`

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c-api: component-model: Values and function calling (#10697)

* c-api: component-model: Primitive values

* c-api: component-model: Function calling

* A test

* Take args as mut to avoid copying

*

c-api: component-model: Values and function calling (#10697)

* c-api: component-model: Primitive values

* c-api: component-model: Function calling

* A test

* Take args as mut to avoid copying

* String and char

* Rethink value ownership semantics, add list values

* Record values

* Make take Rust values as refs in `::from()` functions

Later we can provide implementations that take it as a value to avoid
copying

* Define host functions

* `wasmtime_component_valrecord_new()`

* Use `u32` instead of `char` as its not ffi safe

* Test records and strings in c-api -> vm -> host func -> vm -> c-api

* `wasmtime_component_vallist_new()`

* Test lists

* Fix formatting

* Use existing `declare_vecs` construct

* Add rest of helper functions

* Add documentation

* Fix multiline comments

* Third time's the charm

* Fourth time's the charm prtest:full

* Doxygen file headers

* Fix other missing documentation

* Small fix to docs

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