Add `eqref` support to the C and C++ APIs (#12914)

* Add `eqref` support to the C and C++ APIs

* fix doc build

Exceptions: implement C API. (#12861)

* Exceptions: implement C API.

This PR implements C (and C++) API support for Wasm exceptions, one
final remaining hurdle (aside from fuzz-testing) for making

Exceptions: implement C API. (#12861)

* Exceptions: implement C API.

This PR implements C (and C++) API support for Wasm exceptions, one
final remaining hurdle (aside from fuzz-testing) for making exceptions
tier-1 and on-by-default.

* Review feedback, and add exnref case to `wasmtime_val_t`.

* Review feedback: GC feature guard.

* clang-format

* add docs to exn.hh.

* Remove tag size asserts: broken on 32-bit platforms, but not needed for correctness wrt C struct.

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[docs] Add C++ chapter and missing examples (#11569)

* [docs] Add C++ chapter and missing examples

This adds a chapter for C++ embedding. The chapter intro is rudimentary, but there are a bunch mor

[docs] Add C++ chapter and missing examples (#11569)

* [docs] Add C++ chapter and missing examples

This adds a chapter for C++ embedding. The chapter intro is rudimentary, but there are a bunch more examples now: I added C++ ports for everything that already had both a Rust and a C version available, matching the Rust version's behavior where applicable.

* [example] Fix paths in `examples/wasip1/main.c`

* [docs] Add entries for additional Rust and C embedding examples

These examples already existed, but didn't have entries in the docs.

It'll probably make sense to restructure all of this at some point and move the examples into language-specific folders.

* [docs] Remove references to Conan packages from README.md

These packages haven't been updated since Wasmtime 18, so we shouldn't link to them for now.

* Format cpp files

* Format even more cpp files

* Fix some warnings in C++ headers

* Simplify threads.cc example

* Update docs/examples-c-serialize.md

Co-authored-by: Nick Fitzgerald <[email protected]>

* [example] Don't try, do.

* [docs] Restore CMake link in README

* [docs] Improve examples/README.md

* [docs] Address review feedback

---------

Co-authored-by: Alex Crichton <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Nick Fitzgerald <[email protected]>

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Split final C++ items out of `wasmtime.hh` (#10692)

* Split final C++ items out of `wasmtime.hh`

Now `wasmtime.hh` is just an "amalgamation" header to include
everything, yay!

* Format files

* Tr

Split final C++ items out of `wasmtime.hh` (#10692)

* Split final C++ items out of `wasmtime.hh`

Now `wasmtime.hh` is just an "amalgamation" header to include
everything, yay!

* Format files

* Try to fix MSVC

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Run `clang-format` over more files (#10689)

We were already running it over most `*.c` files and other ones but
forgot the `*.hh` and `*.cc` extensions which are being used for C++
bindings, so add

Run `clang-format` over more files (#10689)

We were already running it over most `*.c` files and other ones but
forgot the `*.hh` and `*.cc` extensions which are being used for C++
bindings, so add those in and then run the formatter.

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Split C++ Func/Table/Memory/Global to their own headers (#10688)

I did my best to separate out headers but I don't understand enough C++
to fully sever `val.hh` and `func.hh` so they sort of circula

Split C++ Func/Table/Memory/Global to their own headers (#10688)

I did my best to separate out headers but I don't understand enough C++
to fully sever `val.hh` and `func.hh` so they sort of circularly
reference each other now.

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Split out some more C++ types to their own headers (#10658)

* Move C++ WASI configuration to its own header

* Move C++ `Store` to its own file

I tried binding `wasmtime_store_epoch_deadline_callba

Split out some more C++ types to their own headers (#10658)

* Move C++ WASI configuration to its own header

* Move C++ `Store` to its own file

I tried binding `wasmtime_store_epoch_deadline_callback` in C++ but I
don't know enough C++ to figure out the syntax for doing so.

* Move C++ Val to its own header

Also bind `AnyRef` while I'm here with some small tests.

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Move the C++ `Trap` and related types to its own header (#10647)

Move C++ Module/Engine types to their own headers (#10642)

* Move C++ Module/Engine types to their own headers

Add some #ifdef guards for Wasmtime features as well as some small tests.

* Remove tr

Move C++ Module/Engine types to their own headers (#10642)

* Move C++ Module/Engine types to their own headers

Add some #ifdef guards for Wasmtime features as well as some small tests.

* Remove trailing newline

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Move C++ `Config` to its own header (#10634)

Also bind APIs which were added since this was created. Also copy over
some `#define` guards for the C methods into the C++ header as well. And
finally u

Move C++ `Config` to its own header (#10634)

Also bind APIs which were added since this was created. Also copy over
some `#define` guards for the C methods into the C++ header as well. And
finally update tests for what's added.

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Move various C++ type-related items to their own header (#10627)

* Move C++ `ValType` to its own header

And fill out some small tests

* Move C++ `GlobalType` to its own header

* Move C++ `TableTy

Move various C++ type-related items to their own header (#10627)

* Move C++ `ValType` to its own header

And fill out some small tests

* Move C++ `GlobalType` to its own header

* Move C++ `TableType` to its own file

With some small tests

* Move C++ `FuncType` to its own file

* Move C++ ImportType to its own file

* Move C++ `ExportType` to its own file

* Move C++ `ExternType` to its own file

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Move C++ `MemoryType` to its own header (#10623)

While here fill out its API a bit with a builder type and some tests.

Sketch out merging the C/C++ APIs (#10600)

* Sketch out merging the C/C++ APIs

With the merging of the C++ API into this repository in #10582 it opens
up some interesting questions about how to org

Sketch out merging the C/C++ APIs (#10600)

* Sketch out merging the C/C++ APIs

With the merging of the C++ API into this repository in #10582 it opens
up some interesting questions about how to organize the C++ API.
Externally it was all entirely a single file, but naturally this isn't
great for evolution as it's just one giant tangled header. Instead this
commit sketches out a possible different path forward which is to
provide the C++ API as a sibling to the C API in preexisting header
files. For example this moves the `Error` class to the `error.h` header
file as an example.

My rough hope would be that in the long-term we could deprecate/remove
the `wasmtime.hh` header file and instead "just" have all the C++ APIs
in the normal header files (e.g. `wasmtime.h`). Additionally the split
of the C API in separate header files would be amenable to a similar
split of the C++ API too where the API you see is basically conditional
on the language mode of whatever's including the headers.

I'll note though I've not seen prior art in doing this. I'm not aware of
any other project which exports both a C and C++ API in its header
files. That being said I'm not sure how many other projects would fall
in such a bucket.

* Split out `error.hh` to its own file

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c-api: Bring wasmtime-cpp into this repository (#10582)

* c-api: Bring wasmtime-cpp into this repository.

`wasmtime-cpp/include/wasmtime.hh` -> `/crates/c-api/include/`
`wasmtime-cpp/tests/*` -> `/

c-api: Bring wasmtime-cpp into this repository (#10582)

* c-api: Bring wasmtime-cpp into this repository.

`wasmtime-cpp/include/wasmtime.hh` -> `/crates/c-api/include/`
`wasmtime-cpp/tests/*` -> `/crates/c-api/tests/`
`wasmtime-cpp/examples/*` -> `/examples/`

See discussion in #10566 for more context.

* Make tests disabled by default prtest:full

* Mention C++ API in the c-api README

* Enable C++ only for tests

* Add *.hh files to doxygen

This requires disabling warnings on undocumented, as `wasm.hh` has
undocumeted structures

Also fix urls in `wasmtime.hh`

* Re-enable `WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED`

This required excluding `wasm.hh`, `wasmtime::detail` namespace, and some
macros.

Also documented two overloads to `Func::call()`

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