[clang] Don't use Optional::getValue (NFC)

[clang] Rename StringRef _lower() method calls to _insensitive()

This is mostly a mechanical change, but a testcase that contains
parts of the StringRef class (clang/test/Analysis/llvm-conventions.c

[clang] Rename StringRef _lower() method calls to _insensitive()

This is mostly a mechanical change, but a testcase that contains
parts of the StringRef class (clang/test/Analysis/llvm-conventions.cpp)
isn't touched.

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[-Wcompletion-handler] Don't recognize init methods as conventional

rdar://75704162

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D99601

Don't directly dereference getAs<> casts to avoid potential null dereferences. NFCI.

Replace with castAs<> which asserts the cast is valid.

Fixes a number of static analyzer warnings.

[-Wcalled-once-parameter][NFC] Fix GCC compilation error

[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Fix false positives for cleanup attr

Cleanup attribute allows users to attach a destructor-like functions
to variable declarations to be called whenever they leave the scop

[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Fix false positives for cleanup attr

Cleanup attribute allows users to attach a destructor-like functions
to variable declarations to be called whenever they leave the scope.
The logic of such functions is not supported by the Clang's CFG and
is too hard to be reasoned about. In order to avoid false positives
in this situation, we assume that we didn't see ALL of the executtion
paths of the function and, thus, can warn only about multiple call
violation.

rdar://74441906

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98694

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[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Harden analysis in terms of block use

This patch introduces a very simple inter-procedural analysis
between blocks and enclosing functions.

We always analyze blocks first

[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Harden analysis in terms of block use

This patch introduces a very simple inter-procedural analysis
between blocks and enclosing functions.

We always analyze blocks first (analysis is done as part of semantic
analysis that goes side-by-side with the parsing process), and at the
moment of reporting we don't know how that block will be actually
used.

This patch introduces new logic delaying reports of the "never called"
warnings on blocks. If we are not sure that the block will be called
exactly once, we shouldn't warn our users about that. Double calls,
however, don't require such delays. While analyzing the enclosing
function, we can actually decide what we should do with those
warnings.

Additionally, as a side effect, we can be more confident about blocks
in such context and can treat them not as escapes, but as direct
calls.

rdar://74090107

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98688

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[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Let escapes overwrite MaybeCalled states

This commit makes escapes symmetrical, meaning that having escape
before and after the branching, where parameter is not called on

[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Let escapes overwrite MaybeCalled states

This commit makes escapes symmetrical, meaning that having escape
before and after the branching, where parameter is not called on
one of the paths, will have the same effect.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98622

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[-Wcompletion-handler] Extend list of detected conventions

Update convention detection to accomodate changes from:
https://github.com/DougGregor/swift-evolution/blob/concurrency-objc/proposals/NNNN-

[-Wcompletion-handler] Extend list of detected conventions

Update convention detection to accomodate changes from:
https://github.com/DougGregor/swift-evolution/blob/concurrency-objc/proposals/NNNN-concurrency-objc.md#asynchronous-completion-handler-methods

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98251

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[-Wcompletion-handler] Support checks with builtins

It is very common to check callbacks and completion handlers for null.
This patch supports such checks using built-in functions:
* __builtin_exp

[-Wcompletion-handler] Support checks with builtins

It is very common to check callbacks and completion handlers for null.
This patch supports such checks using built-in functions:
* __builtin_expect
* __builtin_expect_with_probablity
* __builtin_unpredictable

rdar://73455388

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96268

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[Sema] Fix an assertion failure in -Wcompletion-handler

NamedDecl::getName() was being called on a constructor.

[-Wcalled-once-parameter][NFC] Fix operator precedence warning

[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Introduce 'called_once' attribute

This commit introduces a new attribute `called_once`.
It can be applied to function-like parameters to signify that
this parameter should

[-Wcalled-once-parameter] Introduce 'called_once' attribute

This commit introduces a new attribute `called_once`.
It can be applied to function-like parameters to signify that
this parameter should be called exactly once. This concept
is particularly widespread in asynchronous programs.

Additionally, this commit introduce a new group of dataflow
analysis-based warnings to check this property. It identifies
and reports the following situations:
* parameter is called twice
* parameter is never called
* parameter is not called on one of the paths

Current implementation can also automatically infer `called_once`
attribute for completion handler paramaters that should follow the
same principle by convention. This behavior is OFF by default and
can be turned on by using `-Wcompletion-handler`.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92039

rdar://72812043

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