arm64: get rid of TEXT_OFFSET

TEXT_OFFSET serves no purpose, and for this reason, it was redefined
as 0x0 in the v5.8 timeframe. Since this does not appear to have caused
any issues that require us

arm64: get rid of TEXT_OFFSET

TEXT_OFFSET serves no purpose, and for this reason, it was redefined
as 0x0 in the v5.8 timeframe. Since this does not appear to have caused
any issues that require us to revisit that decision, let's get rid of the
macro entirely, along with any references to it.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64/efi: Move variable assignments after SECTIONS

It seems that LLVM's linker does not correctly handle variable assignments
involving section positions that are updated during the SECTIONS
parsin

arm64/efi: Move variable assignments after SECTIONS

It seems that LLVM's linker does not correctly handle variable assignments
involving section positions that are updated during the SECTIONS
parsing. Commit aa69fb62bea1 ("arm64/efi: Mark __efistub_stext_offset as
an absolute symbol explicitly") ran into this too, but found a different
workaround.

However, this was not enough, as other variables were also miscalculated
which manifested as boot failures under UEFI where __efistub__end was
not taking the correct _end value (they should be the same):

$ ld.lld -EL -maarch64elf --no-undefined -X -shared \
-Bsymbolic -z notext -z norelro --no-apply-dynamic-relocs \
-o vmlinux.lld -T poc.lds --whole-archive vmlinux.o && \
readelf -Ws vmlinux.lld | egrep '\b(__efistub_|)_end\b'
368272: ffff000002218000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL HIDDEN 38 __efistub__end
368322: ffff000012318000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 38 _end

$ aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd -EL -maarch64elf --no-undefined -X -shared \
-Bsymbolic -z notext -z norelro --no-apply-dynamic-relocs \
-o vmlinux.bfd -T poc.lds --whole-archive vmlinux.o && \
readelf -Ws vmlinux.bfd | egrep '\b(__efistub_|)_end\b'
338124: ffff000012318000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS __efistub__end
383812: ffff000012318000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 15325 _end

To work around this, all of the __efistub_-prefixed variable assignments
need to be moved after the linker script's SECTIONS entry. As it turns
out, this also solves the problem fixed in commit aa69fb62bea1, so those
changes are reverted here.

Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/634
Link: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42990
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64/efi: Mark __efistub_stext_offset as an absolute symbol explicitly

After r363059 and r363928 in LLVM, a build using ld.lld as the linker
with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE enabled fails like so:

ld.ll

arm64/efi: Mark __efistub_stext_offset as an absolute symbol explicitly

After r363059 and r363928 in LLVM, a build using ld.lld as the linker
with CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE enabled fails like so:

ld.lld: error: relocation R_AARCH64_ABS32 cannot be used against symbol
__efistub_stext_offset; recompile with -fPIC

Fangrui and Peter figured out that ld.lld is incorrectly considering
__efistub_stext_offset as a relative symbol because of the order in
which symbols are evaluated. _text is treated as an absolute symbol
and stext is a relative symbol, making __efistub_stext_offset a
relative symbol.

Adding ABSOLUTE will force ld.lld to evalute this expression in the
right context and does not change ld.bfd's behavior. ld.lld will
need to be fixed but the developers do not see a quick or simple fix
without some research (see the linked issue for further explanation).
Add this simple workaround so that ld.lld can continue to link kernels.

Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/561
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/025a815d75d2356f2944136269aa5874721ec236
Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/249fde85832c33f8b06c6b4ac65d1c4b96d23b83
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Debugged-by: Fangrui Song <[email protected]>
Debugged-by: Peter Smith <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: Fangrui Song <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <[email protected]>
[will: add comment]
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 234

Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):

this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of th

treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 234

Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):

this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2 as
published by the free software foundation this program is
distributed in the hope that it will be useful but without any
warranty without even the implied warranty of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose see the gnu general public license
for more details you should have received a copy of the gnu general
public license along with this program if not see http www gnu org
licenses

extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier

GPL-2.0-only

has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 503 file(s).

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Alexios Zavras <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Enrico Weigelt <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: add image head flag definitions

Those image head's flags will be used later by kexec_file loader.

Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <[email protected]>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.mar

arm64: add image head flag definitions

Those image head's flags will be used later by kexec_file loader.

Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <[email protected]>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Cc: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Acked-by: James Morse <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: drop linker script hack to hide __efistub_ symbols

Commit 1212f7a16af4 ("scripts/kallsyms: filter arm64's __efistub_
symbols") updated the kallsyms code to filter out symbols with
the __efist

arm64: drop linker script hack to hide __efistub_ symbols

Commit 1212f7a16af4 ("scripts/kallsyms: filter arm64's __efistub_
symbols") updated the kallsyms code to filter out symbols with
the __efistub_ prefix explicitly, so we no longer require the
hack in our linker script to emit them as absolute symbols.

Cc: Nick Desaulniers <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64/efi: Make strrchr() available to the EFI namespace

libfdt gained a new dependency on strrchr, so make it available to the
EFI namespace before we update libfdt.

Thanks to Ard for providing th

arm64/efi: Make strrchr() available to the EFI namespace

libfdt gained a new dependency on strrchr, so make it available to the
EFI namespace before we update libfdt.

Thanks to Ard for providing this fix.

Cc: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64/efi/libstub: Make screen_info accessible to the UEFI stub

Unlike on 32-bit ARM, where we need to pass the stub's version of struct
screen_info to the kernel proper via a configuration table, o

arm64/efi/libstub: Make screen_info accessible to the UEFI stub

Unlike on 32-bit ARM, where we need to pass the stub's version of struct
screen_info to the kernel proper via a configuration table, on 64-bit ARM
it simply involves making the core kernel's copy of struct screen_info
visible to the stub by exposing an __efistub_ alias for it.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: David Herrmann <[email protected]>
Cc: Mark Rutland <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Jones <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: don't map TEXT_OFFSET bytes below the kernel if we can avoid it

For historical reasons, the kernel Image must be loaded into physical
memory at a 512 KB offset above a 2 MB aligned base addre

arm64: don't map TEXT_OFFSET bytes below the kernel if we can avoid it

For historical reasons, the kernel Image must be loaded into physical
memory at a 512 KB offset above a 2 MB aligned base address. The region
between the base address and the start of the kernel Image has no
significance to the kernel itself, but it is currently mapped explicitly
into the early kernel VMA range for all translation granules.

In some cases (i.e., 4 KB granule), this is unavoidable, due to the 2 MB
granularity of the early kernel mappings. However, in other cases, e.g.,
when running with larger page sizes, or in the future, with more granular
KASLR, there is no reason to map it explicitly like we do currently.

So update the logic so that the region is mapped only if that happens as
a side effect of rounding the start address of the kernel to swapper block
size, and leave it unmapped otherwise.

Since the symbol kernel_img_size now simply resolves to the memory
footprint of the kernel Image, we can drop its definition from image.h
and opencode its calculation.

Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: move early boot code to the .init segment

Apart from the arm64/linux and EFI header data structures, there is nothing
in the .head.text section that must reside at the beginning of the Image.

arm64: move early boot code to the .init segment

Apart from the arm64/linux and EFI header data structures, there is nothing
in the .head.text section that must reside at the beginning of the Image.
So let's move it to the .init section where it belongs.

Note that this involves some minor tweaking of the EFI header, primarily
because the address of 'stext' no longer coincides with the start of the
.text section. It also requires a couple of relocated symbol references
to be slightly rewritten or their definition moved to the linker script.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: avoid R_AARCH64_ABS64 relocations for Image header fields

Unfortunately, the current way of using the linker to emit build time
constants into the Image header will no longer work once we swi

arm64: avoid R_AARCH64_ABS64 relocations for Image header fields

Unfortunately, the current way of using the linker to emit build time
constants into the Image header will no longer work once we switch to
the use of PIE executables. The reason is that such constants are emitted
into the binary using R_AARCH64_ABS64 relocations, which are resolved at
runtime, not at build time, and the places targeted by those relocations
will contain zeroes before that.

So refactor the endian swapping linker script constant generation code so
that it emits the upper and lower 32-bit words separately.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: allow kernel Image to be loaded anywhere in physical memory

This relaxes the kernel Image placement requirements, so that it
may be placed at any 2 MB aligned offset in physical memory.

This

arm64: allow kernel Image to be loaded anywhere in physical memory

This relaxes the kernel Image placement requirements, so that it
may be placed at any 2 MB aligned offset in physical memory.

This is accomplished by ignoring PHYS_OFFSET when installing
memblocks, and accounting for the apparent virtual offset of
the kernel Image. As a result, virtual address references
below PAGE_OFFSET are correctly mapped onto physical references
into the kernel Image regardless of where it sits in memory.

Special care needs to be taken for dealing with memory limits passed
via mem=, since the generic implementation clips memory top down, which
may clip the kernel image itself if it is loaded high up in memory. To
deal with this case, we simply add back the memory covering the kernel
image, which may result in more memory to be retained than was passed
as a mem= parameter.

Since mem= should not be considered a production feature, a panic notifier
handler is installed that dumps the memory limit at panic time if one was
set.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64/efi: Make strnlen() available to the EFI namespace

Changes introduced in the upstream version of libfdt pulled in by commit
91feabc2e224 ("scripts/dtc: Update to upstream commit b06e55c88b9b")

arm64/efi: Make strnlen() available to the EFI namespace

Changes introduced in the upstream version of libfdt pulled in by commit
91feabc2e224 ("scripts/dtc: Update to upstream commit b06e55c88b9b") use
the strnlen() function, which isn't currently available to the EFI name-
space. Add it to the EFI namespace to avoid a linker error.

Cc: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Cc: Rob Herring <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: hide __efistub_ aliases from kallsyms

Commit e8f3010f7326 ("arm64/efi: isolate EFI stub from the kernel
proper") isolated the EFI stub code from the kernel proper by prefixing
all of its symb

arm64: hide __efistub_ aliases from kallsyms

Commit e8f3010f7326 ("arm64/efi: isolate EFI stub from the kernel
proper") isolated the EFI stub code from the kernel proper by prefixing
all of its symbols with __efistub_, and selectively allowing access to
core kernel symbols from the stub by emitting __efistub_ aliases for
functions and variables that the stub can access legally.

As an unintended side effect, these aliases are emitted into the
kallsyms symbol table, which means they may turn up in backtraces,
e.g.,

...
PC is at __efistub_memset+0x108/0x200
LR is at fixup_init+0x3c/0x48
...
[<ffffff8008328608>] __efistub_memset+0x108/0x200
[<ffffff8008094dcc>] free_initmem+0x2c/0x40
[<ffffff8008645198>] kernel_init+0x20/0xe0
[<ffffff8008085cd0>] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x40

The backtrace in question has nothing to do with the EFI stub, but
simply returns one of the several aliases of memset() that have been
recorded in the kallsyms table. This is undesirable, since it may
suggest to people who are not aware of this that the issue they are
seeing is somehow EFI related.

So hide the __efistub_ aliases from kallsyms, by emitting them as
absolute linker symbols explicitly. The distinction between those
and section relative symbols is completely irrelevant to these
definitions, and to the final link we are performing when these
definitions are being taken into account (the distinction is only
relevant to symbols defined inside a section definition when performing
a partial link), and so the resulting values are identical to the
original ones. Since absolute symbols are ignored by kallsyms, this
will result in these values to be omitted from its symbol table.

After this patch, the backtrace generated from the same address looks
like this:
...
PC is at __memset+0x108/0x200
LR is at fixup_init+0x3c/0x48
...
[<ffffff8008328608>] __memset+0x108/0x200
[<ffffff8008094dcc>] free_initmem+0x2c/0x40
[<ffffff8008645198>] kernel_init+0x20/0xe0
[<ffffff8008085cd0>] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x40

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: Add page size to the kernel image header

This patch adds the page size to the arm64 kernel image header
so that one can infer the PAGESIZE used by the kernel. This will
be helpful to diagnose

arm64: Add page size to the kernel image header

This patch adds the page size to the arm64 kernel image header
so that one can infer the PAGESIZE used by the kernel. This will
be helpful to diagnose failures to boot the kernel with page size
not supported by the CPU.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Suzuki K. Poulose <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: add KASAN support

This patch adds arch specific code for kernel address sanitizer
(see Documentation/kasan.txt).

1/8 of kernel addresses reserved for shadow memory. There was no
big enough h

arm64: add KASAN support

This patch adds arch specific code for kernel address sanitizer
(see Documentation/kasan.txt).

1/8 of kernel addresses reserved for shadow memory. There was no
big enough hole for this, so virtual addresses for shadow were
stolen from vmalloc area.

At early boot stage the whole shadow region populated with just
one physical page (kasan_zero_page). Later, this page reused
as readonly zero shadow for some memory that KASan currently
don't track (vmalloc).
After mapping the physical memory, pages for shadow memory are
allocated and mapped.

Functions like memset/memmove/memcpy do a lot of memory accesses.
If bad pointer passed to one of these function it is important
to catch this. Compiler's instrumentation cannot do this since
these functions are written in assembly.
KASan replaces memory functions with manually instrumented variants.
Original functions declared as weak symbols so strong definitions
in mm/kasan/kasan.c could replace them. Original functions have aliases
with '__' prefix in name, so we could call non-instrumented variant
if needed.
Some files built without kasan instrumentation (e.g. mm/slub.c).
Original mem* function replaced (via #define) with prefixed variants
to disable memory access checks for such files.

Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Linus Walleij <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64/efi: isolate EFI stub from the kernel proper

Since arm64 does not use a builtin decompressor, the EFI stub is built
into the kernel proper. So far, this has been working fine, but actually,
si

arm64/efi: isolate EFI stub from the kernel proper

Since arm64 does not use a builtin decompressor, the EFI stub is built
into the kernel proper. So far, this has been working fine, but actually,
since the stub is in fact a PE/COFF relocatable binary that is executed
at an unknown offset in the 1:1 mapping provided by the UEFI firmware, we
should not be seamlessly sharing code with the kernel proper, which is a
position dependent executable linked at a high virtual offset.

So instead, separate the contents of libstub and its dependencies, by
putting them into their own namespace by prefixing all of its symbols
with __efistub. This way, we have tight control over what parts of the
kernel proper are referenced by the stub.

Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>

show more ...

arm64: Update the Image header

Currently the kernel Image is stripped of everything past the initial
stack, and at runtime the memory is initialised and used by the kernel.
This makes the effective

arm64: Update the Image header

Currently the kernel Image is stripped of everything past the initial
stack, and at runtime the memory is initialised and used by the kernel.
This makes the effective minimum memory footprint of the kernel larger
than the size of the loaded binary, though bootloaders have no mechanism
to identify how large this minimum memory footprint is. This makes it
difficult to choose safe locations to place both the kernel and other
binaries required at boot (DTB, initrd, etc), such that the kernel won't
clobber said binaries or other reserved memory during initialisation.

Additionally when big endian support was added the image load offset was
overlooked, and is currently of an arbitrary endianness, which makes it
difficult for bootloaders to make use of it. It seems that bootloaders
aren't respecting the image load offset at present anyway, and are
assuming that offset 0x80000 will always be correct.

This patch adds an effective image size to the kernel header which
describes the amount of memory from the start of the kernel Image binary
which the kernel expects to use before detecting memory and handling any
memory reservations. This can be used by bootloaders to choose suitable
locations to load the kernel and/or other binaries such that the kernel
will not clobber any memory unexpectedly. As before, memory reservations
are required to prevent the kernel from clobbering these locations
later.

Both the image load offset and the effective image size are forced to be
little-endian regardless of the native endianness of the kernel to
enable bootloaders to load a kernel of arbitrary endianness. Bootloaders
which wish to make use of the load offset can inspect the effective
image size field for a non-zero value to determine if the offset is of a
known endianness. To enable software to determine the endinanness of the
kernel as may be required for certain use-cases, a new flags field (also
little-endian) is added to the kernel header to export this information.

The documentation is updated to clarify these details. To discourage
future assumptions regarding the value of text_offset, the value at this
point in time is removed from the main flow of the documentation (though
kept as a compatibility note). Some minor formatting issues in the
documentation are also corrected.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Tom Rini <[email protected]>
Cc: Geoff Levand <[email protected]>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>

show more ...