sched/idle: Mark arch_cpu_idle_dead() __noreturn

Before commit 076cbf5d2163 ("x86/xen: don't let xen_pv_play_dead()
return"), in Xen, when a previously offlined CPU was brought back
online, it unexp

sched/idle: Mark arch_cpu_idle_dead() __noreturn

Before commit 076cbf5d2163 ("x86/xen: don't let xen_pv_play_dead()
return"), in Xen, when a previously offlined CPU was brought back
online, it unexpectedly resumed execution where it left off in the
middle of the idle loop.

There were some hacks to make that work, but the behavior was surprising
as do_idle() doesn't expect an offlined CPU to return from the dead (in
arch_cpu_idle_dead()).

Now that Xen has been fixed, and the arch-specific implementations of
arch_cpu_idle_dead() also don't return, give it a __noreturn attribute.

This will cause the compiler to complain if an arch-specific
implementation might return. It also improves code generation for both
caller and callee.

Also fixes the following warning:

vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: do_idle+0x25f: unreachable instruction

Reported-by: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/60d527353da8c99d4cf13b6473131d46719ed16d.1676358308.git.jpoimboe@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>

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alpha/cpu: Make sure arch_cpu_idle_dead() doesn't return

arch_cpu_idle_dead() doesn't return. Make that more explicit with a
BUG().

BUG() is preferable to unreachable() because BUG() is a more exp

alpha/cpu: Make sure arch_cpu_idle_dead() doesn't return

arch_cpu_idle_dead() doesn't return. Make that more explicit with a
BUG().

BUG() is preferable to unreachable() because BUG() is a more explicit
failure mode and avoids undefined behavior like falling off the edge of
the function into whatever code happens to be next.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/19ffef09a175fecb783abcd44d6bcfeade2857eb.1676358308.git.jpoimboe@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>

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alpha/cpu: Expose arch_cpu_idle_dead()'s prototype declaration

Include <linux/cpu.h> to make sure arch_cpu_idle_dead() matches its
prototype going forward.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/b0405c2ac

alpha/cpu: Expose arch_cpu_idle_dead()'s prototype declaration

Include <linux/cpu.h> to make sure arch_cpu_idle_dead() matches its
prototype going forward.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/b0405c2ac5686303b6026e1ac27cfd769b21a7d0.1676358308.git.jpoimboe@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>

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alpha: in_irq() cleanup

Replace the obsolete and ambiguos macro in_irq() with new
macro in_hardirq().

Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Turner <[email protected]

alpha: in_irq() cleanup

Replace the obsolete and ambiguos macro in_irq() with new
macro in_hardirq().

Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Turner <[email protected]>

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alpha: lazy FPU switching

On each context switch we save the FPU registers on stack
of old process and restore FPU registers from the stack of new one.
That allows us to avoid doing that each time

alpha: lazy FPU switching

On each context switch we save the FPU registers on stack
of old process and restore FPU registers from the stack of new one.
That allows us to avoid doing that each time we enter/leave the
kernel mode; however, that can get suboptimal in some cases.

For one thing, we don't need to bother saving anything
for kernel threads. For another, if between entering and leaving
the kernel a thread gives CPU up more than once, it will do
useless work, saving the same values every time, only to discard
the saved copy as soon as it returns from switch_to().

Alternative solution:

* move the array we save into from switch_stack to thread_info
* have a (thread-synchronous) flag set when we save them
* have another flag set when they should be restored on return to userland.
* do *NOT* save/restore them in do_switch_stack()/undo_switch_stack().
* restore on the exit to user mode if the restore flag had
been set. Clear both flags.
* on context switch, entry to fork/clone/vfork, before entry into do_signal()
and on entry into straced syscall save the registers and set the 'saved' flag
unless it had been already set.
* on context switch set the 'restore' flag as well.
* have copy_thread() set both flags for child, so the registers would be
restored once the child returns to userland.
* use the saved data in setup_sigcontext(); have restore_sigcontext() set both flags
and copy from sigframe to save area.
* teach ptrace to look for FPU registers in thread_info instead of
switch_stack.
* teach isolated accesses to FPU registers (rdfpcr, wrfpcr, etc.)
to check the 'saved' flag (under preempt_disable()) and work with the save area
if it's been set; if 'saved' flag is found upon write access, set 'restore' flag
as well.

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Turner <[email protected]>

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arch/alpha/kernel/process.c: remove unnecessary (void*) conversions

generic_ptr is a void * type and does not require a cast.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]

arch/alpha/kernel/process.c: remove unnecessary (void*) conversions

generic_ptr is a void * type and does not require a cast.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Li zeming <[email protected]>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <[email protected]>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Turner <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Henderson <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>

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arch/idle: Change arch_cpu_idle() behavior: always exit with IRQs disabled

Current arch_cpu_idle() is called with IRQs disabled, but will return
with IRQs enabled.

However, the very first thing the

arch/idle: Change arch_cpu_idle() behavior: always exit with IRQs disabled

Current arch_cpu_idle() is called with IRQs disabled, but will return
with IRQs enabled.

However, the very first thing the generic code does after calling
arch_cpu_idle() is raw_local_irq_disable(). This means that
architectures that can idle with IRQs disabled end up doing a
pointless 'enable-disable' dance.

Therefore, push this IRQ disabling into the idle function, meaning
that those architectures can avoid the pointless IRQ state flipping.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Ulf Hansson <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Gautham R. Shenoy <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <[email protected]> [arm64]
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Guo Ren <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]

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[elf][non-regset] uninline elf_core_copy_task_fpregs() (and lose pt_regs argument)

Don't bother with pointless macros - we are not sharing it with aout coredumps
anymore. Just convert the underlyin

[elf][non-regset] uninline elf_core_copy_task_fpregs() (and lose pt_regs argument)

Don't bother with pointless macros - we are not sharing it with aout coredumps
anymore. Just convert the underlying functions to the same arguments (nobody
uses regs, actually) and call them elf_core_copy_task_fpregs(). And unexport
the entire bunch, while we are at it.

[added missing includes in arch/{csky,m68k,um}/kernel/process.c to avoid extra
warnings about the lack of externs getting added to huge piles for those
files. Pointless, but...]

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <[email protected]>

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kernel: exit: cleanup release_thread()

Only x86 has own release_thread(), introduce a new weak release_thread()
function to clean empty definitions in other ARCHs.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/2

kernel: exit: cleanup release_thread()

Only x86 has own release_thread(), introduce a new weak release_thread()
function to clean empty definitions in other ARCHs.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Guo Ren <[email protected]> [csky]
Acked-by: Russell King (Oracle) <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Brian Cain <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <[email protected]> [powerpc]
Acked-by: Stafford Horne <[email protected]> [openrisc]
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]> [arm64]
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <[email protected]> [LoongArch]
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <[email protected]>
Cc: Anton Ivanov <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <[email protected]>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <[email protected]>
Cc: Chris Zankel <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Hansen <[email protected]>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <[email protected]>
Cc: Dinh Nguyen <[email protected]>
Cc: Guo Ren <[email protected]> [csky]
Cc: Heiko Carstens <[email protected]>
Cc: Helge Deller <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <[email protected]>
Cc: James Bottomley <[email protected]>
Cc: Johannes Berg <[email protected]>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Turner <[email protected]>
Cc: Max Filippov <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Simek <[email protected]>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <[email protected]>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <[email protected]>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Henderson <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <[email protected]>
Cc: Rich Felker <[email protected]>
Cc: Stefan Kristiansson <[email protected]>
Cc: Sven Schnelle <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <[email protected]>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <[email protected]>
Cc: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Cc: Xuerui Wang <[email protected]>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>

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arch/alpha: replace cpumask_weight with cpumask_empty where appropriate

common_shutdown_1() calls cpumask_weight() to check if any bit of a
given cpumask is set. We can do it more efficiently with c

arch/alpha: replace cpumask_weight with cpumask_empty where appropriate

common_shutdown_1() calls cpumask_weight() to check if any bit of a
given cpumask is set. We can do it more efficiently with cpumask_empty()
because cpumask_empty() stops traversing the cpumask as soon as it finds
first set bit, while cpumask_weight() counts all bits unconditionally.

Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <[email protected]>

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fork: Generalize PF_IO_WORKER handling

Add fn and fn_arg members into struct kernel_clone_args and test for
them in copy_thread (instead of testing for PF_KTHREAD | PF_IO_WORKER).
This allows any ta

fork: Generalize PF_IO_WORKER handling

Add fn and fn_arg members into struct kernel_clone_args and test for
them in copy_thread (instead of testing for PF_KTHREAD | PF_IO_WORKER).
This allows any task that wants to be a user space task that only runs
in kernel mode to use this functionality.

The code on x86 is an exception and still retains a PF_KTHREAD test
because x86 unlikely everything else handles kthreads slightly
differently than user space tasks that start with a function.

The functions that created tasks that start with a function
have been updated to set ".fn" and ".fn_arg" instead of
".stack" and ".stack_size". These functions are fork_idle(),
create_io_thread(), kernel_thread(), and user_mode_thread().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <[email protected]>

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fork: Pass struct kernel_clone_args into copy_thread

With io_uring we have started supporting tasks that are for most
purposes user space tasks that exclusively run code in kernel mode.

The kernel

fork: Pass struct kernel_clone_args into copy_thread

With io_uring we have started supporting tasks that are for most
purposes user space tasks that exclusively run code in kernel mode.

The kernel task that exec's init and tasks that exec user mode
helpers are also user mode tasks that just run kernel code
until they call kernel execve.

Pass kernel_clone_args into copy_thread so these oddball
tasks can be supported more cleanly and easily.

v2: Fix spelling of kenrel_clone_args on h8300
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <[email protected]>

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sched: Add wrapper for get_wchan() to keep task blocked

Having a stable wchan means the process must be blocked and for it to
stay that way while performing stack unwinding.

Suggested-by: Peter Zij

sched: Add wrapper for get_wchan() to keep task blocked

Having a stable wchan means the process must be blocked and for it to
stay that way while performing stack unwinding.

Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Russell King (Oracle) <[email protected]> [arm]
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <[email protected]> [arm64]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]

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alpha: convert comma to semicolon

Replace a comma between expression statements by a semicolon.

Fixes: cba1ec7e88a0 ("alpha: switch to generic kernel_thread()")
Signed-off-by: Zheng Yongjun <zhengy

alpha: convert comma to semicolon

Replace a comma between expression statements by a semicolon.

Fixes: cba1ec7e88a0 ("alpha: switch to generic kernel_thread()")
Signed-off-by: Zheng Yongjun <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Turner <[email protected]>

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sched: Introduce task_is_running()

Replace a bunch of 'p->state == TASK_RUNNING' with a new helper:
task_is_running(p).

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Davidl

sched: Introduce task_is_running()

Replace a bunch of 'p->state == TASK_RUNNING' with a new helper:
task_is_running(p).

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/[email protected]

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arch: setup PF_IO_WORKER threads like PF_KTHREAD

PF_IO_WORKER are kernel threads too, but they aren't PF_KTHREAD in the
sense that we don't assign ->set_child_tid with our own structure. Just
ensure

arch: setup PF_IO_WORKER threads like PF_KTHREAD

PF_IO_WORKER are kernel threads too, but they aren't PF_KTHREAD in the
sense that we don't assign ->set_child_tid with our own structure. Just
ensure that every arch sets up the PF_IO_WORKER threads like kthreads
in the arch implementation of copy_thread().

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <[email protected]>

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alpha: replace bogus in_interrupt()

in_interrupt() is true for a variety of things including bottom half
disabled regions. Deducing hard interrupt context from it is dubious at
best.

Use in_irq()

alpha: replace bogus in_interrupt()

in_interrupt() is true for a variety of things including bottom half
disabled regions. Deducing hard interrupt context from it is dubious at
best.

Use in_irq() which is true if called in hard interrupt context. Otherwise
calling irq_exit() would do more harm than good.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Serge Belyshev <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Henderson <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Turner <[email protected]>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

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sched/idle: Fix arch_cpu_idle() vs tracing

We call arch_cpu_idle() with RCU disabled, but then use
local_irq_{en,dis}able(), which invokes tracing, which relies on RCU.

Switch all arch_cpu_idle() i

sched/idle: Fix arch_cpu_idle() vs tracing

We call arch_cpu_idle() with RCU disabled, but then use
local_irq_{en,dis}able(), which invokes tracing, which relies on RCU.

Switch all arch_cpu_idle() implementations to use
raw_local_irq_{en,dis}able() and carefully manage the
lockdep,rcu,tracing state like we do in entry.

(XXX: we really should change arch_cpu_idle() to not return with
interrupts enabled)

Reported-by: Sven Schnelle <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <[email protected]>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]

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arch: rename copy_thread_tls() back to copy_thread()

Now that HAVE_COPY_THREAD_TLS has been removed, rename copy_thread_tls()
back simply copy_thread(). It's a simpler name, and doesn't imply that o

arch: rename copy_thread_tls() back to copy_thread()

Now that HAVE_COPY_THREAD_TLS has been removed, rename copy_thread_tls()
back simply copy_thread(). It's a simpler name, and doesn't imply that only
tls is copied here. This finishes an outstanding chunk of internal process
creation work since we've added clone3().

Cc: [email protected]
Acked-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <[email protected]>A
Acked-by: Stafford Horne <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Greentime Hu <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <[email protected]>A
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <[email protected]>

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alpha: switch to copy_thread_tls()

Use the copy_thread_tls() calling convention which passes tls through a
register. This is required so we can remove the copy_thread{_tls}() split
and remove the HA

alpha: switch to copy_thread_tls()

Use the copy_thread_tls() calling convention which passes tls through a
register. This is required so we can remove the copy_thread{_tls}() split
and remove the HAVE_COPY_THREAD_TLS macro.

Cc: [email protected]
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <[email protected]>

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mm: don't include asm/pgtable.h if linux/mm.h is already included

Patch series "mm: consolidate definitions of page table accessors", v2.

The low level page table accessors (pXY_index(), pXY_offset

mm: don't include asm/pgtable.h if linux/mm.h is already included

Patch series "mm: consolidate definitions of page table accessors", v2.

The low level page table accessors (pXY_index(), pXY_offset()) are
duplicated across all architectures and sometimes more than once. For
instance, we have 31 definition of pgd_offset() for 25 supported
architectures.

Most of these definitions are actually identical and typically it boils
down to, e.g.

static inline unsigned long pmd_index(unsigned long address)
{
return (address >> PMD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PMD - 1);
}

static inline pmd_t *pmd_offset(pud_t *pud, unsigned long address)
{
return (pmd_t *)pud_page_vaddr(*pud) + pmd_index(address);
}

These definitions can be shared among 90% of the arches provided
XYZ_SHIFT, PTRS_PER_XYZ and xyz_page_vaddr() are defined.

For architectures that really need a custom version there is always
possibility to override the generic version with the usual ifdefs magic.

These patches introduce include/linux/pgtable.h that replaces
include/asm-generic/pgtable.h and add the definitions of the page table
accessors to the new header.

This patch (of 12):

The linux/mm.h header includes <asm/pgtable.h> to allow inlining of the
functions involving page table manipulations, e.g. pte_alloc() and
pmd_alloc(). So, there is no point to explicitly include <asm/pgtable.h>
in the files that include <linux/mm.h>.

The include statements in such cases are remove with a simple loop:

for f in $(git grep -l "include <linux/mm.h>") ; do
sed -i -e '/include <asm\/pgtable.h>/ d' $f
done

Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <[email protected]>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <[email protected]>
Cc: Brian Cain <[email protected]>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <[email protected]>
Cc: Chris Zankel <[email protected]>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <[email protected]>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <[email protected]>
Cc: Greentime Hu <[email protected]>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <[email protected]>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <[email protected]>
Cc: Guo Ren <[email protected]>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <[email protected]>
Cc: Helge Deller <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Ley Foon Tan <[email protected]>
Cc: Mark Salter <[email protected]>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Turner <[email protected]>
Cc: Max Filippov <[email protected]>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Simek <[email protected]>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <[email protected]>
Cc: Nick Hu <[email protected]>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <[email protected]>
Cc: Rich Felker <[email protected]>
Cc: Russell King <[email protected]>
Cc: Stafford Horne <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Tony Luck <[email protected]>
Cc: Vincent Chen <[email protected]>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <[email protected]>
Cc: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <[email protected]>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

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alpha: fix crash if pthread_create races with signal delivery

On alpha, a process will crash if it attempts to start a thread and a
signal is delivered at the same time. The crash can be reproduced

alpha: fix crash if pthread_create races with signal delivery

On alpha, a process will crash if it attempts to start a thread and a
signal is delivered at the same time. The crash can be reproduced with
this program: https://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2014-11/msg00473.html

The reason for the crash is this:
* we call the clone syscall
* we go to the function copy_process
* copy process calls copy_thread_tls, it is a wrapper around copy_thread
* copy_thread sets the tls pointer: childti->pcb.unique = regs->r20
* copy_thread sets regs->r20 to zero
* we go back to copy_process
* copy process checks "if (signal_pending(current))" and returns
-ERESTARTNOINTR
* the clone syscall is restarted, but this time, regs->r20 is zero, so
the new thread is created with zero tls pointer
* the new thread crashes in start_thread when attempting to access tls

The comment in the code says that setting the register r20 is some
compatibility with OSF/1. But OSF/1 doesn't use the CLONE_SETTLS flag, so
we don't have to zero r20 if CLONE_SETTLS is set. This patch fixes the bug
by zeroing regs->r20 only if CLONE_SETTLS is not set.

Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Signed-off-by: Matt Turner <[email protected]>

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alpha: make thread_saved_pc static

The only user of thread_saved_pc() in non-arch-specific code was removed
in commit 8243d5597793 ("sched/core: Remove pointless printout in
sched_show_task()"), so

alpha: make thread_saved_pc static

The only user of thread_saved_pc() in non-arch-specific code was removed
in commit 8243d5597793 ("sched/core: Remove pointless printout in
sched_show_task()"), so it no longer needs to be globally defined for
Alpha and can be made static.

Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Matt Turner <[email protected]>

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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>

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sched/headers: Prepare for new header dependencies before moving code to <linux/sched/task_stack.h>

We are going to split <linux/sched/task_stack.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be pic

sched/headers: Prepare for new header dependencies before moving code to <linux/sched/task_stack.h>

We are going to split <linux/sched/task_stack.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files.

Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/task_stack.h> file that just
maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and
bisectable.

Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.

Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>

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