[sweet API][Kotlin] Improve JSI error handling (#18259)

# Why

Improves error handling in functions that are called via JSI.
All API errors should look like this:
```
expo.modules.kotlin.jni.Pr

[sweet API][Kotlin] Improve JSI error handling (#18259)

# Why

Improves error handling in functions that are called via JSI.
All API errors should look like this:
```
expo.modules.kotlin.jni.PromiseException: Call to function 'f.TestModule' has been rejected.
→ Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException
```

# How

- Exported `CodedError` and use it to wrap the bare Kotlin exceptioThathat makes expressions like this `exception instanceOf CodedError` work.
- Added more `exceptionDecorator` blocks to add more context to the exceptions inside of exported functions.
- Mocked `CodedError` class in the test environment.

# Test Plan

- unit tests ✅

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