[sweet][kotlin] Add basic 'LogBox' integration (#15834)

# Why

When something goes wrong when invoking prop setters, we can't inform the user about it. Previously, we just ignored such a case and

[sweet][kotlin] Add basic 'LogBox' integration (#15834)

# Why

When something goes wrong when invoking prop setters, we can't inform the user about it. Previously, we just ignored such a case and logged the exception to the native console. However, it isn't ideal in a long run. So, I've added a simple `LogBox` integration to display exceptions there.

# How

Unfortunately, `LogBox` doesn't have a native API. To display something in it, I have to send an exception to js (as an event) and log it there.
I've created a new module that is registered in the kotlin bridge. This module isn't necessary on Android, but it's helpful. Moreover, we will need it on iOS.

> Note:
I've changed how we obtain `NativeUnimoduleProxy` from the react context. The old way wasn't working in every case.

# Test Plan

- bare-expo ✅
(This error was thrown in prop setter)

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