[modules][Android] Fix exceptions handling in async functions (#19611)

# Why

Fixes test-suites:
```
- Calendar
- First run only: getEventsAsync() resolves to an array with an event of the

[modules][Android] Fix exceptions handling in async functions (#19611)

# Why

Fixes test-suites:
```
- Calendar
- First run only: getEventsAsync() resolves to an array with an event of the correct shape (expected 0 to be 1)
- Subsequent runs: deleteEventAsync(), deletes an event -expected false to be true
```

This is a follow-up to https://github.com/expo/expo/pull/19605.

# How

- Made sure that promises reject with a coded error instead of the plain js object.
- If something was thrown in the CPP code, the promise will also be rejected.

# Test Plan

- test-suite ✅
- manually test some corner case behavior ✅

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[sweet API] Cache PropNameID and js objects (#18579)

# Why

Adds a cache for prop name IDs and js objects like `Promise` or `CodedError`.

# How

- Added a cache registry
- Added missing tr

[sweet API] Cache PropNameID and js objects (#18579)

# Why

Adds a cache for prop name IDs and js objects like `Promise` or `CodedError`.

# How

- Added a cache registry
- Added missing try catch in the async function

# Test Plan

- unit tests ✅

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