xref: /xnu-11215/libkern/c++/priority_queue.cpp (revision e6231be0)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2018 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
3  *
4  * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
5  *
6  * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
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8  * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
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15  * Please obtain a copy of the License at
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27  */
28 
29 #if KERNEL
30 #include <kern/priority_queue.h>
31 #include <mach/vm_param.h>
32 #if CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI
33 #include <san/kasan.h>
34 #endif /* CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI */
35 
36 #ifdef __LP64__
37 static_assert(PRIORITY_QUEUE_ENTRY_CHILD_BITS >= VM_KERNEL_POINTER_SIGNIFICANT_BITS,
38     "Priority Queue child pointer packing failed");
39 #endif
40 #endif // KERNEL
41 
42 #pragma mark priority queue helpers
43 
44 /*
45  * These traits allow to parametrize `struct pqueue` below.
46  */
47 
48 template <typename queue_t, typename entry_t>
49 struct pqueue_entry_traits {
50 	/*
51 	 * Explain how to compare two elements in the natural order.
52 	 */
53 	static inline int
54 	compare(queue_t que, entry_t a, entry_t b);
55 };
56 
57 template <typename queue_t>
58 struct pqueue_entry_traits<queue_t, priority_queue_entry_t> {
59 	static inline int
60 	compare(queue_t que, priority_queue_entry_t e1, priority_queue_entry_t e2)
61 	{
62 		return que->pq_cmp_fn(e1, e2);
63 	}
64 };
65 
66 template <typename queue_t>
67 struct pqueue_entry_traits<queue_t, priority_queue_entry_deadline_t> {
68 	static inline int
69 	compare(queue_t que __unused,
70 	    priority_queue_entry_deadline_t e1, priority_queue_entry_deadline_t e2)
71 	{
72 		return priority_heap_compare_ints(e1->deadline, e2->deadline);
73 	}
74 };
75 
76 template <typename queue_t>
77 struct pqueue_entry_traits<queue_t, priority_queue_entry_sched_t> {
78 	static inline int
79 	compare(queue_t que __unused,
80 	    priority_queue_entry_sched_t e1, priority_queue_entry_sched_t e2)
81 	{
82 		return (int)e2->key - (int)e1->key;
83 	}
84 };
85 
86 template <typename queue_t>
87 struct pqueue_entry_traits<queue_t, priority_queue_entry_stable_t> {
88 	static inline int
89 	compare(queue_t que __unused,
90 	    priority_queue_entry_stable_t e1, priority_queue_entry_stable_t e2)
91 	{
92 		/*
93 		 * the key is (2 * pri + preempted) so preempted entries
94 		 * sort "higher" than non preempted entries at the same priority.
95 		 */
96 		if (e1->key != e2->key) {
97 			return (int)e2->key - (int)e1->key;
98 		}
99 		if (e1->stamp != e2->stamp) {
100 			/*
101 			 * preempted entries:     younger (bigger timestamp)  is "higher"
102 			 * non preempted entries: older   (smaller timestamp) is "higher"
103 			 */
104 			if (e1->key & PRIORITY_QUEUE_ENTRY_PREEMPTED) {
105 				return e1->stamp < e2->stamp ? 1 : -1;
106 			} else {
107 				return e1->stamp > e2->stamp ? 1 : -1;
108 			}
109 		}
110 		return 0;
111 	}
112 };
113 
114 #pragma mark main template
115 
116 /*
117  * Template for our priority queue.
118  *
119  * It is parametrized with:
120  * - `queue_t`: the queue type
121  * - `entry_t`: the element type
122  *
123  * It will use:
124  * - priority_queue_is_min_heap() to determine if it is a min/max heap
125  * - pqueue_entry_traits<queue_t, entry_t>::compare for the ordering
126  */
127 template <typename queue_t, typename entry_t>
128 struct pqueue {
129 	using entry_traits = pqueue_entry_traits<queue_t, entry_t>;
130 
131 	static inline void
132 	pack_child(entry_t e, const entry_t child)
133 	{
134 #if CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI
135 		e->tag = kasan_tbi_get_tag((long)child);
136 #endif /* CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI */
137 		e->child = (long)child;
138 	}
139 
140 	static inline entry_t
141 	unpack_child(entry_t e)
142 	{
143 #if CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI
144 		return (entry_t)(kasan_tbi_tag_ptr(e->child, e->tag));
145 #endif /* CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI */
146 		return (entry_t)e->child;
147 	}
148 
149 private:
150 	static inline bool
151 	merge_parent_is_subtree_b(queue_t que, entry_t subtree_a, entry_t subtree_b)
152 	{
153 		if (priority_queue_is_max_heap((queue_t)nullptr)) {
154 			return entry_traits::compare(que, subtree_a, subtree_b) > 0;
155 		}
156 		return entry_traits::compare(que, subtree_a, subtree_b) < 0;
157 	}
158 
159 	static inline entry_t
160 	merge_pair_inline(queue_t que, entry_t subtree_a, entry_t subtree_b)
161 	{
162 		entry_t merge_result = NULL;
163 		if (subtree_a == NULL) {
164 			merge_result = subtree_b;
165 		} else if (subtree_b == NULL || (subtree_a == subtree_b)) {
166 			merge_result = subtree_a;
167 		} else {
168 			entry_t parent = subtree_a;
169 			entry_t child = subtree_b;
170 			if (merge_parent_is_subtree_b(que, subtree_a, subtree_b)) {
171 				parent = subtree_b;
172 				child = subtree_a;
173 			}
174 			/* Insert the child as the first element in the parent's child list */
175 			child->next = unpack_child(parent);
176 			child->prev = parent;
177 			if (unpack_child(parent) != NULL) {
178 				unpack_child(parent)->prev = child;
179 			}
180 			/* Create the parent child relationship */
181 			pack_child(parent, child);
182 			parent->next = NULL;
183 			parent->prev = NULL;
184 			merge_result = parent;
185 		}
186 		return merge_result;
187 	}
188 
189 	OS_NOINLINE
190 	static entry_t
191 	merge_pair(queue_t que, entry_t subtree_a, entry_t subtree_b)
192 	{
193 		return merge_pair_inline(que, subtree_a, subtree_b);
194 	}
195 
196 	OS_NOINLINE
197 	static entry_t
198 	meld_pair(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
199 	{
200 		entry_t pq_meld_result = NULL;
201 		entry_t pair_list = NULL;
202 
203 		assert(elt); // caller needs to check this.
204 
205 		/* Phase 1: */
206 		/* Split the list into a set of pairs going front to back. */
207 		/* Hook these pairs onto an intermediary list in reverse order of traversal.*/
208 
209 		do {
210 			/* Consider two elements at a time for pairing */
211 			entry_t pair_item_a = elt;
212 			entry_t pair_item_b = elt->next;
213 			if (pair_item_b == NULL) {
214 				/* Odd number of elements in the list; link the odd element */
215 				/* as it is on the intermediate list. */
216 				pair_item_a->prev = pair_list;
217 				pair_list = pair_item_a;
218 				break;
219 			}
220 			/* Found two elements to pair up */
221 			elt = pair_item_b->next;
222 			entry_t pair = merge_pair_inline(que, pair_item_a, pair_item_b);
223 			/* Link the pair onto the intermediary list */
224 			pair->prev = pair_list;
225 			pair_list = pair;
226 		} while (elt != NULL);
227 
228 		/* Phase 2: Merge all the pairs in the pair_list */
229 		do {
230 			elt = pair_list->prev;
231 			pq_meld_result = merge_pair_inline(que, pq_meld_result, pair_list);
232 			pair_list = elt;
233 		} while (pair_list != NULL);
234 
235 		return pq_meld_result;
236 	}
237 
238 	static inline void
239 	list_remove(entry_t elt)
240 	{
241 		assert(elt->prev != NULL);
242 		/* Check if elt is head of list at its level;        */
243 		/* If yes, make the next node the head at that level */
244 		/* Else, remove elt from the list at that level      */
245 		if (unpack_child(elt->prev) == elt) {
246 			pack_child(elt->prev, elt->next);
247 		} else {
248 			elt->prev->next = elt->next;
249 		}
250 		/* Update prev for next element in list */
251 		if (elt->next != NULL) {
252 			elt->next->prev = elt->prev;
253 		}
254 	}
255 
256 	static inline bool
257 	sift_down(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
258 	{
259 		bool was_root = remove(que, elt);
260 		insert(que, elt);
261 		return was_root;
262 	}
263 
264 	static inline bool
265 	sift_up(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
266 	{
267 		if (elt == que->pq_root) {
268 			return true;
269 		}
270 
271 		/* Remove the element from its current level list */
272 		list_remove(elt);
273 		/* Re-insert the element into the heap with a merge */
274 		return insert(que, elt);
275 	}
276 
277 	static inline entry_t
278 	remove_non_root(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
279 	{
280 		entry_t child, new_root;
281 
282 		/* To remove a non-root element with children levels, */
283 		/* - Remove element from its current level list */
284 		/* - Pairwise split all the elements in the child level list */
285 		/* - Meld all these splits (right-to-left) to form new subtree */
286 		/* - Merge the root subtree with the newly formed subtree */
287 		list_remove(elt);
288 
289 		child = unpack_child(elt);
290 		if (child) {
291 			child = meld_pair(que, child);
292 			new_root = merge_pair(que, que->pq_root, child);
293 			que->pq_root = new_root;
294 		}
295 
296 		return elt;
297 	}
298 
299 public:
300 
301 	/*
302 	 * exposed interfaces
303 	 */
304 
305 	OS_NOINLINE
306 	static void
307 	destroy(queue_t que, uintptr_t offset, void (^callback)(void *e))
308 	{
309 		assert(callback != NULL);
310 		entry_t head = que->pq_root;
311 		entry_t tail = head;
312 
313 		while (head != NULL) {
314 			entry_t child_list = unpack_child(head);
315 			if (child_list) {
316 				tail->next = child_list;
317 				while (tail->next) {
318 					tail = tail->next;
319 				}
320 			}
321 
322 			entry_t elt = head;
323 			head = head->next;
324 			callback((void *)((char *)elt - offset));
325 		}
326 
327 		/* poison the queue now that it's destroyed */
328 		que->pq_root = (entry_t)(~0ul);
329 	}
330 
331 	static inline bool
332 	insert(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
333 	{
334 		return (que->pq_root = merge_pair(que, que->pq_root, elt)) == elt;
335 	}
336 
337 	static inline entry_t
338 	remove_root(queue_t que, entry_t old_root)
339 	{
340 		entry_t new_root = unpack_child(old_root);
341 		que->pq_root = new_root ? meld_pair(que, new_root) : NULL;
342 		return old_root;
343 	}
344 
345 	static inline bool
346 	remove(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
347 	{
348 		if (elt == que->pq_root) {
349 			remove_root(que, elt);
350 			elt->next = elt->prev = NULL;
351 			elt->child = 0;
352 #if CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI
353 			elt->tag = 0;
354 #endif /* CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI */
355 			return true;
356 		} else {
357 			remove_non_root(que, elt);
358 			elt->next = elt->prev = NULL;
359 			elt->child = 0;
360 #if CONFIG_KERNEL_TBI && KASAN_TBI
361 			elt->tag = 0;
362 #endif
363 			return false;
364 		}
365 	}
366 
367 	static inline bool
368 	entry_increased(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
369 	{
370 		if (priority_queue_is_max_heap(que)) {
371 			return sift_up(que, elt);
372 		} else {
373 			return sift_down(que, elt);
374 		}
375 	}
376 
377 	static inline bool
378 	entry_decreased(queue_t que, entry_t elt)
379 	{
380 		if (priority_queue_is_min_heap(que)) {
381 			return sift_up(que, elt);
382 		} else {
383 			return sift_down(que, elt);
384 		}
385 	}
386 };
387 
388 #pragma mark instantiation
389 
390 #define PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_t, queue_t, entry_t)                    \
391                                                                                 \
392 using pqueue_t = pqueue<queue_t, entry_t>;                                      \
393                                                                                 \
394 extern "C" {                                                                    \
395                                                                                 \
396 __pqueue_overloadable void                                                      \
397 _priority_queue_destroy(queue_t que, uintptr_t offset, void (^cb)(void *e))     \
398 {                                                                               \
399 	pqueue_t::destroy(que, offset, cb);                                     \
400 }                                                                               \
401                                                                                 \
402 __pqueue_overloadable extern bool                                               \
403 priority_queue_insert(queue_t que, entry_t elt)                                 \
404 {                                                                               \
405 	return pqueue_t::insert(que, elt);                                      \
406 }                                                                               \
407                                                                                 \
408 __pqueue_overloadable extern entry_t                                            \
409 _priority_queue_remove_root(queue_t que)                                        \
410 {                                                                               \
411 	return pqueue_t::remove_root(que, que->pq_root);                        \
412 }                                                                               \
413                                                                                 \
414 __pqueue_overloadable extern bool                                               \
415 priority_queue_remove(queue_t que, entry_t elt)                                 \
416 {                                                                               \
417 	return pqueue_t::remove(que, elt);                                      \
418 }                                                                               \
419                                                                                 \
420 __pqueue_overloadable extern bool                                               \
421 priority_queue_entry_decreased(queue_t que, entry_t elt)                        \
422 {                                                                               \
423 	return pqueue_t::entry_decreased(que, elt);                             \
424 }                                                                               \
425                                                                                 \
426 __pqueue_overloadable extern bool                                               \
427 priority_queue_entry_increased(queue_t que, entry_t elt)                        \
428 {                                                                               \
429 	return pqueue_t::entry_increased(que, elt);                             \
430 }                                                                               \
431                                                                                 \
432 }
433 
434 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_min_t,
435     struct priority_queue_min *, priority_queue_entry_t);
436 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_max_t,
437     struct priority_queue_max *, priority_queue_entry_t);
438 
439 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_sched_min_t,
440     struct priority_queue_sched_min *, priority_queue_entry_sched_t);
441 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_sched_max_t,
442     struct priority_queue_sched_max *, priority_queue_entry_sched_t);
443 
444 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_deadline_min_t,
445     struct priority_queue_deadline_min *, priority_queue_entry_deadline_t);
446 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_deadline_max_t,
447     struct priority_queue_deadline_max *, priority_queue_entry_deadline_t);
448 
449 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_sched_stable_min_t,
450     struct priority_queue_sched_stable_min *, priority_queue_entry_stable_t);
451 PRIORITY_QUEUE_MAKE_IMPL(pqueue_sched_stable_max_t,
452     struct priority_queue_sched_stable_max *, priority_queue_entry_stable_t);
453