1 //! This implements the VCode container: a CFG of Insts that have been lowered.
2 //!
3 //! VCode is virtual-register code. An instruction in VCode is almost a machine
4 //! instruction; however, its register slots can refer to virtual registers in
5 //! addition to real machine registers.
6 //!
7 //! VCode is structured with traditional basic blocks, and
8 //! each block must be terminated by an unconditional branch (one target), a
9 //! conditional branch (two targets), or a return (no targets). Note that this
10 //! slightly differs from the machine code of most ISAs: in most ISAs, a
11 //! conditional branch has one target (and the not-taken case falls through).
12 //! However, we expect that machine backends will elide branches to the following
13 //! block (i.e., zero-offset jumps), and will be able to codegen a branch-cond /
14 //! branch-uncond pair if *both* targets are not fallthrough. This allows us to
15 //! play with layout prior to final binary emission, as well, if we want.
16 //!
17 //! See the main module comment in `mod.rs` for more details on the VCode-based
18 //! backend pipeline.
19 
20 use crate::fx::FxHashMap;
21 use crate::fx::FxHashSet;
22 use crate::ir::RelSourceLoc;
23 use crate::ir::{self, types, Constant, ConstantData, DynamicStackSlot, LabelValueLoc, ValueLabel};
24 use crate::machinst::*;
25 use crate::timing;
26 use crate::trace;
27 use crate::CodegenError;
28 use crate::ValueLocRange;
29 use regalloc2::{
30     Edit, Function as RegallocFunction, InstOrEdit, InstRange, Operand, OperandKind, PReg, PRegSet,
31     RegClass, VReg,
32 };
33 
34 use alloc::vec::Vec;
35 use cranelift_entity::{entity_impl, Keys, PrimaryMap};
36 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
37 use std::collections::HashMap;
38 use std::fmt;
39 
40 /// Index referring to an instruction in VCode.
41 pub type InsnIndex = regalloc2::Inst;
42 
43 /// Index referring to a basic block in VCode.
44 pub type BlockIndex = regalloc2::Block;
45 
46 /// VCodeInst wraps all requirements for a MachInst to be in VCode: it must be
47 /// a `MachInst` and it must be able to emit itself at least to a `SizeCodeSink`.
48 pub trait VCodeInst: MachInst + MachInstEmit {}
49 impl<I: MachInst + MachInstEmit> VCodeInst for I {}
50 
51 /// A function in "VCode" (virtualized-register code) form, after
52 /// lowering.  This is essentially a standard CFG of basic blocks,
53 /// where each basic block consists of lowered instructions produced
54 /// by the machine-specific backend.
55 ///
56 /// Note that the VCode is immutable once produced, and is not
57 /// modified by register allocation in particular. Rather, register
58 /// allocation on the `VCode` produces a separate `regalloc2::Output`
59 /// struct, and this can be passed to `emit`. `emit` in turn does not
60 /// modify the vcode, but produces an `EmitResult`, which contains the
61 /// machine code itself, and the associated disassembly and/or
62 /// metadata as requested.
63 pub struct VCode<I: VCodeInst> {
64     /// VReg IR-level types.
65     vreg_types: Vec<Type>,
66 
67     /// Lowered machine instructions in order corresponding to the original IR.
68     insts: Vec<I>,
69 
70     /// Operands: pre-regalloc references to virtual registers with
71     /// constraints, in one flattened array. This allows the regalloc
72     /// to efficiently access all operands without requiring expensive
73     /// matches or method invocations on insts.
74     operands: Vec<Operand>,
75 
76     /// Operand index ranges: for each instruction in `insts`, there
77     /// is a tuple here providing the range in `operands` for that
78     /// instruction's operands.
79     operand_ranges: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
80 
81     /// Clobbers: a sparse map from instruction indices to clobber masks.
82     clobbers: FxHashMap<InsnIndex, PRegSet>,
83 
84     /// Move information: for a given InsnIndex, (src, dst) operand pair.
85     is_move: FxHashMap<InsnIndex, (Operand, Operand)>,
86 
87     /// Source locations for each instruction. (`SourceLoc` is a `u32`, so it is
88     /// reasonable to keep one of these per instruction.)
89     srclocs: Vec<RelSourceLoc>,
90 
91     /// Entry block.
92     entry: BlockIndex,
93 
94     /// Block instruction indices.
95     block_ranges: Vec<(InsnIndex, InsnIndex)>,
96 
97     /// Block successors: index range in the `block_succs_preds` list.
98     block_succ_range: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
99 
100     /// Block predecessors: index range in the `block_succs_preds` list.
101     block_pred_range: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
102 
103     /// Block successor and predecessor lists, concatenated into one
104     /// Vec. The `block_succ_range` and `block_pred_range` lists of
105     /// tuples above give (start, end) ranges within this list that
106     /// correspond to each basic block's successors or predecessors,
107     /// respectively.
108     block_succs_preds: Vec<regalloc2::Block>,
109 
110     /// Block parameters: index range in `block_params` below.
111     block_params_range: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
112 
113     /// Block parameter lists, concatenated into one vec. The
114     /// `block_params_range` list of tuples above gives (start, end)
115     /// ranges within this list that correspond to each basic block's
116     /// blockparam vregs.
117     block_params: Vec<regalloc2::VReg>,
118 
119     /// Outgoing block arguments on branch instructions, concatenated
120     /// into one list.
121     ///
122     /// Note that this is conceptually a 3D array: we have a VReg list
123     /// per block, per successor. We flatten those three dimensions
124     /// into this 1D vec, then store index ranges in two levels of
125     /// indirection.
126     ///
127     /// Indexed by the indices in `branch_block_arg_succ_range`.
128     branch_block_args: Vec<regalloc2::VReg>,
129 
130     /// Array of sequences of (start, end) tuples in
131     /// `branch_block_args`, one for each successor; these sequences
132     /// for each block are concatenated.
133     ///
134     /// Indexed by the indices in `branch_block_arg_succ_range`.
135     branch_block_arg_range: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
136 
137     /// For a given block, indices in `branch_block_arg_range`
138     /// corresponding to all of its successors.
139     branch_block_arg_succ_range: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
140 
141     /// VReg aliases. Each key in this table is translated to its
142     /// value when gathering Operands from instructions. Aliases are
143     /// not chased transitively (we do not further look up the
144     /// translated reg to see if it is another alias).
145     ///
146     /// We use these aliases to rename an instruction's expected
147     /// result vregs to the returned vregs from lowering, which are
148     /// usually freshly-allocated temps.
149     ///
150     /// Operands and branch arguments will already have been
151     /// translated through this alias table; but it helps to make
152     /// sense of instructions when pretty-printed, for example.
153     vreg_aliases: FxHashMap<regalloc2::VReg, regalloc2::VReg>,
154 
155     /// Block-order information.
156     block_order: BlockLoweringOrder,
157 
158     /// ABI object.
159     pub(crate) abi: Callee<I::ABIMachineSpec>,
160 
161     /// Constant information used during code emission. This should be
162     /// immutable across function compilations within the same module.
163     emit_info: I::Info,
164 
165     /// Reference-typed `regalloc2::VReg`s. The regalloc requires
166     /// these in a dense slice (as opposed to querying the
167     /// reftype-status of each vreg) for efficient iteration.
168     reftyped_vregs: Vec<VReg>,
169 
170     /// Constants.
171     constants: VCodeConstants,
172 
173     /// Value labels for debuginfo attached to vregs.
174     debug_value_labels: Vec<(VReg, InsnIndex, InsnIndex, u32)>,
175 
176     pub(crate) sigs: SigSet,
177 }
178 
179 /// The result of `VCode::emit`. Contains all information computed
180 /// during emission: actual machine code, optionally a disassembly,
181 /// and optionally metadata about the code layout.
182 pub struct EmitResult<I: VCodeInst> {
183     /// The MachBuffer containing the machine code.
184     pub buffer: MachBuffer<I>,
185 
186     /// Offset of each basic block, recorded during emission. Computed
187     /// only if `debug_value_labels` is non-empty.
188     pub bb_offsets: Vec<CodeOffset>,
189 
190     /// Final basic-block edges, in terms of code offsets of
191     /// bb-starts. Computed only if `debug_value_labels` is non-empty.
192     pub bb_edges: Vec<(CodeOffset, CodeOffset)>,
193 
194     /// Final instruction offsets, recorded during emission. Computed
195     /// only if `debug_value_labels` is non-empty.
196     pub inst_offsets: Vec<CodeOffset>,
197 
198     /// Final length of function body.
199     pub func_body_len: CodeOffset,
200 
201     /// The pretty-printed disassembly, if any. This uses the same
202     /// pretty-printing for MachInsts as the pre-regalloc VCode Debug
203     /// implementation, but additionally includes the prologue and
204     /// epilogue(s), and makes use of the regalloc results.
205     pub disasm: Option<String>,
206 
207     /// Offsets of sized stackslots.
208     pub sized_stackslot_offsets: PrimaryMap<StackSlot, u32>,
209 
210     /// Offsets of dynamic stackslots.
211     pub dynamic_stackslot_offsets: PrimaryMap<DynamicStackSlot, u32>,
212 
213     /// Value-labels information (debug metadata).
214     pub value_labels_ranges: ValueLabelsRanges,
215 
216     /// Stack frame size.
217     pub frame_size: u32,
218 
219     /// The alignment requirement for pc-relative loads.
220     pub alignment: u32,
221 }
222 
223 /// A builder for a VCode function body.
224 ///
225 /// This builder has the ability to accept instructions in either
226 /// forward or reverse order, depending on the pass direction that
227 /// produces the VCode. The lowering from CLIF to VCode<MachInst>
228 /// ordinarily occurs in reverse order (in order to allow instructions
229 /// to be lowered only if used, and not merged) so a reversal will
230 /// occur at the end of lowering to ensure the VCode is in machine
231 /// order.
232 ///
233 /// If built in reverse, block and instruction indices used once the
234 /// VCode is built are relative to the final (reversed) order, not the
235 /// order of construction. Note that this means we do not know the
236 /// final block or instruction indices when building, so we do not
237 /// hand them out. (The user is assumed to know them when appending
238 /// terminator instructions with successor blocks.)
239 pub struct VCodeBuilder<I: VCodeInst> {
240     /// In-progress VCode.
241     pub(crate) vcode: VCode<I>,
242 
243     /// In what direction is the build occuring?
244     direction: VCodeBuildDirection,
245 
246     /// Index of the last block-start in the vcode.
247     block_start: usize,
248 
249     /// Start of succs for the current block in the concatenated succs list.
250     succ_start: usize,
251 
252     /// Start of blockparams for the current block in the concatenated
253     /// blockparams list.
254     block_params_start: usize,
255 
256     /// Start of successor blockparam arg list entries in
257     /// the concatenated branch_block_arg_range list.
258     branch_block_arg_succ_start: usize,
259 
260     /// Current source location.
261     cur_srcloc: RelSourceLoc,
262 
263     /// Debug-value label in-progress map, keyed by label. For each
264     /// label, we keep disjoint ranges mapping to vregs. We'll flatten
265     /// this into (vreg, range, label) tuples when done.
266     debug_info: FxHashMap<ValueLabel, Vec<(InsnIndex, InsnIndex, VReg)>>,
267 }
268 
269 /// Direction in which a VCodeBuilder builds VCode.
270 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
271 pub enum VCodeBuildDirection {
272     // TODO: add `Forward` once we need it and can test it adequately.
273     /// Backward-build pass: we expect the producer to call `emit()`
274     /// with instructions in reverse program order within each block.
275     Backward,
276 }
277 
278 impl<I: VCodeInst> VCodeBuilder<I> {
279     /// Create a new VCodeBuilder.
280     pub fn new(
281         sigs: SigSet,
282         abi: Callee<I::ABIMachineSpec>,
283         emit_info: I::Info,
284         block_order: BlockLoweringOrder,
285         constants: VCodeConstants,
286         direction: VCodeBuildDirection,
287     ) -> VCodeBuilder<I> {
288         let vcode = VCode::new(sigs, abi, emit_info, block_order, constants);
289 
290         VCodeBuilder {
291             vcode,
292             direction,
293             block_start: 0,
294             succ_start: 0,
295             block_params_start: 0,
296             branch_block_arg_succ_start: 0,
297             cur_srcloc: Default::default(),
298             debug_info: FxHashMap::default(),
299         }
300     }
301 
302     pub fn init_abi(&mut self, temps: Vec<Writable<Reg>>) {
303         self.vcode.abi.init(&self.vcode.sigs, temps);
304     }
305 
306     /// Access the ABI object.
307     pub fn abi(&self) -> &Callee<I::ABIMachineSpec> {
308         &self.vcode.abi
309     }
310 
311     /// Access the ABI object.
312     pub fn abi_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Callee<I::ABIMachineSpec> {
313         &mut self.vcode.abi
314     }
315 
316     pub fn sigs(&self) -> &SigSet {
317         &self.vcode.sigs
318     }
319 
320     pub fn sigs_mut(&mut self) -> &mut SigSet {
321         &mut self.vcode.sigs
322     }
323 
324     /// Access to the BlockLoweringOrder object.
325     pub fn block_order(&self) -> &BlockLoweringOrder {
326         &self.vcode.block_order
327     }
328 
329     /// Set the current block as the entry block.
330     pub fn set_entry(&mut self, block: BlockIndex) {
331         self.vcode.entry = block;
332     }
333 
334     /// End the current basic block. Must be called after emitting vcode insts
335     /// for IR insts and prior to ending the function (building the VCode).
336     pub fn end_bb(&mut self) {
337         let start_idx = self.block_start;
338         let end_idx = self.vcode.insts.len();
339         self.block_start = end_idx;
340         // Add the instruction index range to the list of blocks.
341         self.vcode
342             .block_ranges
343             .push((InsnIndex::new(start_idx), InsnIndex::new(end_idx)));
344         // End the successors list.
345         let succ_end = self.vcode.block_succs_preds.len();
346         self.vcode
347             .block_succ_range
348             .push((self.succ_start as u32, succ_end as u32));
349         self.succ_start = succ_end;
350         // End the blockparams list.
351         let block_params_end = self.vcode.block_params.len();
352         self.vcode
353             .block_params_range
354             .push((self.block_params_start as u32, block_params_end as u32));
355         self.block_params_start = block_params_end;
356         // End the branch blockparam args list.
357         let branch_block_arg_succ_end = self.vcode.branch_block_arg_range.len();
358         self.vcode.branch_block_arg_succ_range.push((
359             self.branch_block_arg_succ_start as u32,
360             branch_block_arg_succ_end as u32,
361         ));
362         self.branch_block_arg_succ_start = branch_block_arg_succ_end;
363     }
364 
365     pub fn add_block_param(&mut self, param: VirtualReg) {
366         self.vcode.block_params.push(param.into());
367     }
368 
369     fn add_branch_args_for_succ(&mut self, args: &[Reg]) {
370         let start = self.vcode.branch_block_args.len();
371         self.vcode
372             .branch_block_args
373             .extend(args.iter().map(|&arg| VReg::from(arg)));
374         let end = self.vcode.branch_block_args.len();
375         self.vcode
376             .branch_block_arg_range
377             .push((start as u32, end as u32));
378     }
379 
380     /// Push an instruction for the current BB and current IR inst
381     /// within the BB.
382     pub fn push(&mut self, insn: I) {
383         self.vcode.insts.push(insn);
384         self.vcode.srclocs.push(self.cur_srcloc);
385     }
386 
387     /// Add a successor block with branch args.
388     pub fn add_succ(&mut self, block: BlockIndex, args: &[Reg]) {
389         self.vcode.block_succs_preds.push(block);
390         self.add_branch_args_for_succ(args);
391     }
392 
393     /// Set the current source location.
394     pub fn set_srcloc(&mut self, srcloc: RelSourceLoc) {
395         self.cur_srcloc = srcloc;
396     }
397 
398     /// Add a debug value label to a register.
399     pub fn add_value_label(&mut self, reg: Reg, label: ValueLabel) {
400         // We'll fix up labels in reverse(). Because we're generating
401         // code bottom-to-top, the liverange of the label goes *from*
402         // the last index at which was defined (or 0, which is the end
403         // of the eventual function) *to* just this instruction, and
404         // no further.
405         let inst = InsnIndex::new(self.vcode.insts.len());
406         let labels = self.debug_info.entry(label).or_insert_with(|| vec![]);
407         let last = labels
408             .last()
409             .map(|(_start, end, _vreg)| *end)
410             .unwrap_or(InsnIndex::new(0));
411         labels.push((last, inst, reg.into()));
412     }
413 
414     pub fn set_vreg_alias(&mut self, from: Reg, to: Reg) {
415         let from = from.into();
416         let resolved_to = self.resolve_vreg_alias(to.into());
417         // Disallow cycles (see below).
418         assert_ne!(resolved_to, from);
419         self.vcode.vreg_aliases.insert(from, resolved_to);
420     }
421 
422     pub fn resolve_vreg_alias(&self, from: regalloc2::VReg) -> regalloc2::VReg {
423         Self::resolve_vreg_alias_impl(&self.vcode.vreg_aliases, from)
424     }
425 
426     fn resolve_vreg_alias_impl(
427         aliases: &FxHashMap<regalloc2::VReg, regalloc2::VReg>,
428         from: regalloc2::VReg,
429     ) -> regalloc2::VReg {
430         // We prevent cycles from existing by resolving targets of
431         // aliases eagerly before setting them. If the target resolves
432         // to the origin of the alias, then a cycle would be created
433         // and the alias is disallowed. Because of the structure of
434         // SSA code (one instruction can refer to another's defs but
435         // not vice-versa, except indirectly through
436         // phis/blockparams), cycles should not occur as we use
437         // aliases to redirect vregs to the temps that actually define
438         // them.
439 
440         let mut vreg = from;
441         while let Some(to) = aliases.get(&vreg) {
442             vreg = *to;
443         }
444         vreg
445     }
446 
447     /// Access the constants.
448     pub fn constants(&mut self) -> &mut VCodeConstants {
449         &mut self.vcode.constants
450     }
451 
452     fn compute_preds_from_succs(&mut self) {
453         // Compute predecessors from successors. In order to gather
454         // all preds for a block into a contiguous sequence, we build
455         // a list of (succ, pred) tuples and then sort.
456         let mut succ_pred_edges: Vec<(BlockIndex, BlockIndex)> =
457             Vec::with_capacity(self.vcode.block_succs_preds.len());
458         for (pred, &(start, end)) in self.vcode.block_succ_range.iter().enumerate() {
459             let pred = BlockIndex::new(pred);
460             for i in start..end {
461                 let succ = BlockIndex::new(self.vcode.block_succs_preds[i as usize].index());
462                 succ_pred_edges.push((succ, pred));
463             }
464         }
465         succ_pred_edges.sort_unstable();
466 
467         let mut i = 0;
468         for succ in 0..self.vcode.num_blocks() {
469             let succ = BlockIndex::new(succ);
470             let start = self.vcode.block_succs_preds.len();
471             while i < succ_pred_edges.len() && succ_pred_edges[i].0 == succ {
472                 let pred = succ_pred_edges[i].1;
473                 self.vcode.block_succs_preds.push(pred);
474                 i += 1;
475             }
476             let end = self.vcode.block_succs_preds.len();
477             self.vcode.block_pred_range.push((start as u32, end as u32));
478         }
479     }
480 
481     /// Called once, when a build in Backward order is complete, to
482     /// perform the overall reversal (into final forward order) and
483     /// finalize metadata accordingly.
484     fn reverse_and_finalize(&mut self) {
485         let n_insts = self.vcode.insts.len();
486         if n_insts == 0 {
487             return;
488         }
489 
490         // Reverse the per-block and per-inst sequences.
491         self.vcode.block_ranges.reverse();
492         // block_params_range is indexed by block (and blocks were
493         // traversed in reverse) so we reverse it; but block-param
494         // sequences in the concatenated vec can remain in reverse
495         // order (it is effectively an arena of arbitrarily-placed
496         // referenced sequences).
497         self.vcode.block_params_range.reverse();
498         // Likewise, we reverse block_succ_range, but the block_succ
499         // concatenated array can remain as-is.
500         self.vcode.block_succ_range.reverse();
501         self.vcode.insts.reverse();
502         self.vcode.srclocs.reverse();
503         // Likewise, branch_block_arg_succ_range is indexed by block
504         // so must be reversed.
505         self.vcode.branch_block_arg_succ_range.reverse();
506 
507         // To translate an instruction index *endpoint* in reversed
508         // order to forward order, compute `n_insts - i`.
509         //
510         // Why not `n_insts - 1 - i`? That would be correct to
511         // translate an individual instruction index (for ten insts 0
512         // to 9 inclusive, inst 0 becomes 9, and inst 9 becomes
513         // 0). But for the usual inclusive-start, exclusive-end range
514         // idiom, inclusive starts become exclusive ends and
515         // vice-versa, so e.g. an (inclusive) start of 0 becomes an
516         // (exclusive) end of 10.
517         let translate = |inst: InsnIndex| InsnIndex::new(n_insts - inst.index());
518 
519         // Edit the block-range instruction indices.
520         for tuple in &mut self.vcode.block_ranges {
521             let (start, end) = *tuple;
522             *tuple = (translate(end), translate(start)); // Note reversed order.
523         }
524 
525         // Generate debug-value labels based on per-label maps.
526         for (label, tuples) in &self.debug_info {
527             for &(start, end, vreg) in tuples {
528                 let vreg = self.resolve_vreg_alias(vreg);
529                 let fwd_start = translate(end);
530                 let fwd_end = translate(start);
531                 self.vcode
532                     .debug_value_labels
533                     .push((vreg, fwd_start, fwd_end, label.as_u32()));
534             }
535         }
536 
537         // Now sort debug value labels by VReg, as required
538         // by regalloc2.
539         self.vcode
540             .debug_value_labels
541             .sort_unstable_by_key(|(vreg, _, _, _)| *vreg);
542     }
543 
544     fn collect_operands(&mut self, allocatable: PRegSet) {
545         for (i, insn) in self.vcode.insts.iter().enumerate() {
546             // Push operands from the instruction onto the operand list.
547             //
548             // We rename through the vreg alias table as we collect
549             // the operands. This is better than a separate post-pass
550             // over operands, because it has more cache locality:
551             // operands only need to pass through L1 once. This is
552             // also better than renaming instructions'
553             // operands/registers while lowering, because here we only
554             // need to do the `match` over the instruction to visit
555             // its register fields (which is slow, branchy code) once.
556 
557             let vreg_aliases = &self.vcode.vreg_aliases;
558             let mut op_collector =
559                 OperandCollector::new(&mut self.vcode.operands, allocatable, |vreg| {
560                     Self::resolve_vreg_alias_impl(vreg_aliases, vreg)
561                 });
562             insn.get_operands(&mut op_collector);
563             let (ops, clobbers) = op_collector.finish();
564             self.vcode.operand_ranges.push(ops);
565 
566             if clobbers != PRegSet::default() {
567                 self.vcode.clobbers.insert(InsnIndex::new(i), clobbers);
568             }
569 
570             if let Some((dst, src)) = insn.is_move() {
571                 let src = Operand::reg_use(Self::resolve_vreg_alias_impl(vreg_aliases, src.into()));
572                 let dst = Operand::reg_def(Self::resolve_vreg_alias_impl(
573                     vreg_aliases,
574                     dst.to_reg().into(),
575                 ));
576                 // Note that regalloc2 requires these in (src, dst) order.
577                 self.vcode.is_move.insert(InsnIndex::new(i), (src, dst));
578             }
579         }
580 
581         // Translate blockparam args via the vreg aliases table as well.
582         for arg in &mut self.vcode.branch_block_args {
583             let new_arg = Self::resolve_vreg_alias_impl(&self.vcode.vreg_aliases, *arg);
584             trace!("operandcollector: block arg {:?} -> {:?}", arg, new_arg);
585             *arg = new_arg;
586         }
587     }
588 
589     /// Build the final VCode.
590     pub fn build(mut self, allocatable: PRegSet, vregs: VRegAllocator<I>) -> VCode<I> {
591         self.vcode.vreg_types = vregs.vreg_types;
592         self.vcode.reftyped_vregs = vregs.reftyped_vregs;
593 
594         if self.direction == VCodeBuildDirection::Backward {
595             self.reverse_and_finalize();
596         }
597         self.collect_operands(allocatable);
598 
599         // Apply register aliases to the `reftyped_vregs` list since this list
600         // will be returned directly to `regalloc2` eventually and all
601         // operands/results of instructions will use the alias-resolved vregs
602         // from `regalloc2`'s perspective.
603         //
604         // Also note that `reftyped_vregs` can't have duplicates, so after the
605         // aliases are applied duplicates are removed.
606         for reg in self.vcode.reftyped_vregs.iter_mut() {
607             *reg = Self::resolve_vreg_alias_impl(&self.vcode.vreg_aliases, *reg);
608         }
609         self.vcode.reftyped_vregs.sort();
610         self.vcode.reftyped_vregs.dedup();
611 
612         self.compute_preds_from_succs();
613         self.vcode.debug_value_labels.sort_unstable();
614         self.vcode
615     }
616 }
617 
618 /// Is this type a reference type?
619 fn is_reftype(ty: Type) -> bool {
620     ty == types::R64 || ty == types::R32
621 }
622 
623 impl<I: VCodeInst> VCode<I> {
624     /// New empty VCode.
625     fn new(
626         sigs: SigSet,
627         abi: Callee<I::ABIMachineSpec>,
628         emit_info: I::Info,
629         block_order: BlockLoweringOrder,
630         constants: VCodeConstants,
631     ) -> VCode<I> {
632         let n_blocks = block_order.lowered_order().len();
633         VCode {
634             sigs,
635             vreg_types: vec![],
636             insts: Vec::with_capacity(10 * n_blocks),
637             operands: Vec::with_capacity(30 * n_blocks),
638             operand_ranges: Vec::with_capacity(10 * n_blocks),
639             clobbers: FxHashMap::default(),
640             is_move: FxHashMap::default(),
641             srclocs: Vec::with_capacity(10 * n_blocks),
642             entry: BlockIndex::new(0),
643             block_ranges: Vec::with_capacity(n_blocks),
644             block_succ_range: Vec::with_capacity(n_blocks),
645             block_succs_preds: Vec::with_capacity(2 * n_blocks),
646             block_pred_range: Vec::with_capacity(n_blocks),
647             block_params_range: Vec::with_capacity(n_blocks),
648             block_params: Vec::with_capacity(5 * n_blocks),
649             branch_block_args: Vec::with_capacity(10 * n_blocks),
650             branch_block_arg_range: Vec::with_capacity(2 * n_blocks),
651             branch_block_arg_succ_range: Vec::with_capacity(n_blocks),
652             block_order,
653             abi,
654             emit_info,
655             reftyped_vregs: vec![],
656             constants,
657             debug_value_labels: vec![],
658             vreg_aliases: FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(10 * n_blocks, Default::default()),
659         }
660     }
661 
662     /// Get the number of blocks. Block indices will be in the range `0 ..
663     /// (self.num_blocks() - 1)`.
664     pub fn num_blocks(&self) -> usize {
665         self.block_ranges.len()
666     }
667 
668     /// The number of lowered instructions.
669     pub fn num_insts(&self) -> usize {
670         self.insts.len()
671     }
672 
673     /// Get the successors for a block.
674     pub fn succs(&self, block: BlockIndex) -> &[BlockIndex] {
675         let (start, end) = self.block_succ_range[block.index()];
676         &self.block_succs_preds[start as usize..end as usize]
677     }
678 
679     fn compute_clobbers(&self, regalloc: &regalloc2::Output) -> Vec<Writable<RealReg>> {
680         // Compute clobbered registers.
681         let mut clobbered = vec![];
682         let mut clobbered_set = FxHashSet::default();
683 
684         // All moves are included in clobbers.
685         for edit in &regalloc.edits {
686             let Edit::Move { to, .. } = edit.1;
687             if let Some(preg) = to.as_reg() {
688                 let reg = RealReg::from(preg);
689                 if clobbered_set.insert(reg) {
690                     clobbered.push(Writable::from_reg(reg));
691                 }
692             }
693         }
694 
695         for (i, (start, end)) in self.operand_ranges.iter().enumerate() {
696             // Skip this instruction if not "included in clobbers" as
697             // per the MachInst. (Some backends use this to implement
698             // ABI specifics; e.g., excluding calls of the same ABI as
699             // the current function from clobbers, because by
700             // definition everything clobbered by the call can be
701             // clobbered by this function without saving as well.)
702             if !self.insts[i].is_included_in_clobbers() {
703                 continue;
704             }
705 
706             let start = *start as usize;
707             let end = *end as usize;
708             let operands = &self.operands[start..end];
709             let allocs = &regalloc.allocs[start..end];
710             for (operand, alloc) in operands.iter().zip(allocs.iter()) {
711                 // We're interested only in writes (Mods or Defs).
712                 if operand.kind() == OperandKind::Use {
713                     continue;
714                 }
715                 if let Some(preg) = alloc.as_reg() {
716                     let reg = RealReg::from(preg);
717                     if clobbered_set.insert(reg) {
718                         clobbered.push(Writable::from_reg(reg));
719                     }
720                 }
721             }
722 
723             // Also add explicitly-clobbered registers.
724             for preg in self
725                 .clobbers
726                 .get(&InsnIndex::new(i))
727                 .cloned()
728                 .unwrap_or_default()
729             {
730                 let reg = RealReg::from(preg);
731                 if clobbered_set.insert(reg) {
732                     clobbered.push(Writable::from_reg(reg));
733                 }
734             }
735         }
736 
737         clobbered
738     }
739 
740     /// Emit the instructions to a `MachBuffer`, containing fixed-up
741     /// code and external reloc/trap/etc. records ready for use. Takes
742     /// the regalloc results as well.
743     ///
744     /// Returns the machine code itself, and optionally metadata
745     /// and/or a disassembly, as an `EmitResult`. The `VCode` itself
746     /// is consumed by the emission process.
747     pub fn emit(
748         mut self,
749         regalloc: &regalloc2::Output,
750         want_disasm: bool,
751         want_metadata: bool,
752     ) -> EmitResult<I>
753     where
754         I: VCodeInst,
755     {
756         // To write into disasm string.
757         use core::fmt::Write;
758 
759         let _tt = timing::vcode_emit();
760         let mut buffer = MachBuffer::new();
761         let mut bb_starts: Vec<Option<CodeOffset>> = vec![];
762 
763         // The first M MachLabels are reserved for block indices, the next N MachLabels for
764         // constants.
765         buffer.reserve_labels_for_blocks(self.num_blocks());
766         buffer.reserve_labels_for_constants(&self.constants);
767 
768         // Construct the final order we emit code in: cold blocks at the end.
769         let mut final_order: SmallVec<[BlockIndex; 16]> = smallvec![];
770         let mut cold_blocks: SmallVec<[BlockIndex; 16]> = smallvec![];
771         for block in 0..self.num_blocks() {
772             let block = BlockIndex::new(block);
773             if self.block_order.is_cold(block) {
774                 cold_blocks.push(block);
775             } else {
776                 final_order.push(block);
777             }
778         }
779         final_order.extend(cold_blocks.clone());
780 
781         // Compute/save info we need for the prologue: clobbers and
782         // number of spillslots.
783         //
784         // We clone `abi` here because we will mutate it as we
785         // generate the prologue and set other info, but we can't
786         // mutate `VCode`. The info it usually carries prior to
787         // setting clobbers is fairly minimal so this should be
788         // relatively cheap.
789         let clobbers = self.compute_clobbers(regalloc);
790         self.abi.set_num_spillslots(regalloc.num_spillslots);
791         self.abi.set_clobbered(clobbers);
792 
793         // We need to generate the prologue in order to get the ABI
794         // object into the right state first. We'll emit it when we
795         // hit the right block below.
796         let prologue_insts = self.abi.gen_prologue(&self.sigs);
797 
798         // Emit blocks.
799         let mut cur_srcloc = None;
800         let mut last_offset = None;
801         let mut inst_offsets = vec![];
802         let mut state = I::State::new(&self.abi);
803 
804         let mut disasm = String::new();
805 
806         if !self.debug_value_labels.is_empty() {
807             inst_offsets.resize(self.insts.len(), 0);
808         }
809 
810         // Count edits per block ahead of time; this is needed for
811         // lookahead island emission. (We could derive it per-block
812         // with binary search in the edit list, but it's more
813         // efficient to do it in one pass here.)
814         let mut ra_edits_per_block: SmallVec<[u32; 64]> = smallvec![];
815         let mut edit_idx = 0;
816         for block in 0..self.num_blocks() {
817             let end_inst = self.block_ranges[block].1;
818             let start_edit_idx = edit_idx;
819             while edit_idx < regalloc.edits.len() && regalloc.edits[edit_idx].0.inst() < end_inst {
820                 edit_idx += 1;
821             }
822             let end_edit_idx = edit_idx;
823             ra_edits_per_block.push((end_edit_idx - start_edit_idx) as u32);
824         }
825 
826         let is_forward_edge_cfi_enabled = self.abi.is_forward_edge_cfi_enabled();
827 
828         for (block_order_idx, &block) in final_order.iter().enumerate() {
829             trace!("emitting block {:?}", block);
830             let new_offset = I::align_basic_block(buffer.cur_offset());
831             while new_offset > buffer.cur_offset() {
832                 // Pad with NOPs up to the aligned block offset.
833                 let nop = I::gen_nop((new_offset - buffer.cur_offset()) as usize);
834                 nop.emit(&[], &mut buffer, &self.emit_info, &mut Default::default());
835             }
836             assert_eq!(buffer.cur_offset(), new_offset);
837 
838             let do_emit = |inst: &I,
839                            allocs: &[Allocation],
840                            disasm: &mut String,
841                            buffer: &mut MachBuffer<I>,
842                            state: &mut I::State| {
843                 if want_disasm && !inst.is_args() {
844                     let mut s = state.clone();
845                     writeln!(disasm, "  {}", inst.pretty_print_inst(allocs, &mut s)).unwrap();
846                 }
847                 inst.emit(allocs, buffer, &self.emit_info, state);
848             };
849 
850             // Is this the first block? Emit the prologue directly if so.
851             if block == self.entry {
852                 trace!(" -> entry block");
853                 buffer.start_srcloc(Default::default());
854                 state.pre_sourceloc(Default::default());
855                 for inst in &prologue_insts {
856                     do_emit(&inst, &[], &mut disasm, &mut buffer, &mut state);
857                 }
858                 buffer.end_srcloc();
859             }
860 
861             // Now emit the regular block body.
862 
863             buffer.bind_label(MachLabel::from_block(block));
864 
865             if want_disasm {
866                 writeln!(&mut disasm, "block{}:", block.index()).unwrap();
867             }
868 
869             if want_metadata {
870                 // Track BB starts. If we have backed up due to MachBuffer
871                 // branch opts, note that the removed blocks were removed.
872                 let cur_offset = buffer.cur_offset();
873                 if last_offset.is_some() && cur_offset <= last_offset.unwrap() {
874                     for i in (0..bb_starts.len()).rev() {
875                         if bb_starts[i].is_some() && cur_offset > bb_starts[i].unwrap() {
876                             break;
877                         }
878                         bb_starts[i] = None;
879                     }
880                 }
881                 bb_starts.push(Some(cur_offset));
882                 last_offset = Some(cur_offset);
883             }
884 
885             if let Some(block_start) = I::gen_block_start(
886                 self.block_order.is_indirect_branch_target(block),
887                 is_forward_edge_cfi_enabled,
888             ) {
889                 do_emit(&block_start, &[], &mut disasm, &mut buffer, &mut state);
890             }
891 
892             for inst_or_edit in regalloc.block_insts_and_edits(&self, block) {
893                 match inst_or_edit {
894                     InstOrEdit::Inst(iix) => {
895                         if !self.debug_value_labels.is_empty() {
896                             // If we need to produce debug info,
897                             // record the offset of each instruction
898                             // so that we can translate value-label
899                             // ranges to machine-code offsets.
900 
901                             // Cold blocks violate monotonicity
902                             // assumptions elsewhere (that
903                             // instructions in inst-index order are in
904                             // order in machine code), so we omit
905                             // their offsets here. Value-label range
906                             // generation below will skip empty ranges
907                             // and ranges with to-offsets of zero.
908                             if !self.block_order.is_cold(block) {
909                                 inst_offsets[iix.index()] = buffer.cur_offset();
910                             }
911                         }
912 
913                         if self.insts[iix.index()].is_move().is_some() {
914                             // Skip moves in the pre-regalloc program;
915                             // all of these are incorporated by the
916                             // regalloc into its unified move handling
917                             // and they come out the other end, if
918                             // still needed (not elided), as
919                             // regalloc-inserted moves.
920                             continue;
921                         }
922 
923                         // Update the srcloc at this point in the buffer.
924                         let srcloc = self.srclocs[iix.index()];
925                         if cur_srcloc != Some(srcloc) {
926                             if cur_srcloc.is_some() {
927                                 buffer.end_srcloc();
928                             }
929                             buffer.start_srcloc(srcloc);
930                             cur_srcloc = Some(srcloc);
931                         }
932                         state.pre_sourceloc(cur_srcloc.unwrap_or_default());
933 
934                         // If this is a safepoint, compute a stack map
935                         // and pass it to the emit state.
936                         if self.insts[iix.index()].is_safepoint() {
937                             let mut safepoint_slots: SmallVec<[SpillSlot; 8]> = smallvec![];
938                             // Find the contiguous range of
939                             // (progpoint, allocation) safepoint slot
940                             // records in `regalloc.safepoint_slots`
941                             // for this instruction index.
942                             let safepoint_slots_start = regalloc
943                                 .safepoint_slots
944                                 .binary_search_by(|(progpoint, _alloc)| {
945                                     if progpoint.inst() >= iix {
946                                         std::cmp::Ordering::Greater
947                                     } else {
948                                         std::cmp::Ordering::Less
949                                     }
950                                 })
951                                 .unwrap_err();
952 
953                             for (_, alloc) in regalloc.safepoint_slots[safepoint_slots_start..]
954                                 .iter()
955                                 .take_while(|(progpoint, _)| progpoint.inst() == iix)
956                             {
957                                 let slot = alloc.as_stack().unwrap();
958                                 safepoint_slots.push(slot);
959                             }
960                             if !safepoint_slots.is_empty() {
961                                 let stack_map = self
962                                     .abi
963                                     .spillslots_to_stack_map(&safepoint_slots[..], &state);
964                                 state.pre_safepoint(stack_map);
965                             }
966                         }
967 
968                         // Get the allocations for this inst from the regalloc result.
969                         let allocs = regalloc.inst_allocs(iix);
970 
971                         // If the instruction we are about to emit is
972                         // a return, place an epilogue at this point
973                         // (and don't emit the return; the actual
974                         // epilogue will contain it).
975                         if self.insts[iix.index()].is_term() == MachTerminator::Ret {
976                             for inst in self.abi.gen_epilogue() {
977                                 do_emit(&inst, &[], &mut disasm, &mut buffer, &mut state);
978                             }
979                         } else {
980                             // Emit the instruction!
981                             do_emit(
982                                 &self.insts[iix.index()],
983                                 allocs,
984                                 &mut disasm,
985                                 &mut buffer,
986                                 &mut state,
987                             );
988                         }
989                     }
990 
991                     InstOrEdit::Edit(Edit::Move { from, to }) => {
992                         // Create a move/spill/reload instruction and
993                         // immediately emit it.
994                         match (from.as_reg(), to.as_reg()) {
995                             (Some(from), Some(to)) => {
996                                 // Reg-to-reg move.
997                                 let from_rreg = Reg::from(from);
998                                 let to_rreg = Writable::from_reg(Reg::from(to));
999                                 debug_assert_eq!(from.class(), to.class());
1000                                 let ty = I::canonical_type_for_rc(from.class());
1001                                 let mv = I::gen_move(to_rreg, from_rreg, ty);
1002                                 do_emit(&mv, &[], &mut disasm, &mut buffer, &mut state);
1003                             }
1004                             (Some(from), None) => {
1005                                 // Spill from register to spillslot.
1006                                 let to = to.as_stack().unwrap();
1007                                 let from_rreg = RealReg::from(from);
1008                                 let spill = self.abi.gen_spill(to, from_rreg);
1009                                 do_emit(&spill, &[], &mut disasm, &mut buffer, &mut state);
1010                             }
1011                             (None, Some(to)) => {
1012                                 // Load from spillslot to register.
1013                                 let from = from.as_stack().unwrap();
1014                                 let to_rreg = Writable::from_reg(RealReg::from(to));
1015                                 let reload = self.abi.gen_reload(to_rreg, from);
1016                                 do_emit(&reload, &[], &mut disasm, &mut buffer, &mut state);
1017                             }
1018                             (None, None) => {
1019                                 panic!("regalloc2 should have eliminated stack-to-stack moves!");
1020                             }
1021                         }
1022                     }
1023                 }
1024             }
1025 
1026             if cur_srcloc.is_some() {
1027                 buffer.end_srcloc();
1028                 cur_srcloc = None;
1029             }
1030 
1031             // Do we need an island? Get the worst-case size of the
1032             // next BB and see if, having emitted that many bytes, we
1033             // will be beyond the deadline.
1034             if block_order_idx < final_order.len() - 1 {
1035                 let next_block = final_order[block_order_idx + 1];
1036                 let next_block_range = self.block_ranges[next_block.index()];
1037                 let next_block_size =
1038                     (next_block_range.1.index() - next_block_range.0.index()) as u32;
1039                 let next_block_ra_insertions = ra_edits_per_block[next_block.index()];
1040                 let worst_case_next_bb =
1041                     I::worst_case_size() * (next_block_size + next_block_ra_insertions);
1042                 if buffer.island_needed(worst_case_next_bb) {
1043                     buffer.emit_island(worst_case_next_bb);
1044                 }
1045             }
1046         }
1047 
1048         // Emit the constants used by the function.
1049         let mut alignment = 1;
1050         for (constant, data) in self.constants.iter() {
1051             alignment = data.alignment().max(alignment);
1052 
1053             let label = buffer.get_label_for_constant(constant);
1054             buffer.defer_constant(label, data.alignment(), data.as_slice(), u32::max_value());
1055         }
1056 
1057         let func_body_len = buffer.cur_offset();
1058 
1059         // Create `bb_edges` and final (filtered) `bb_starts`.
1060         let mut bb_edges = vec![];
1061         let mut bb_offsets = vec![];
1062         if want_metadata {
1063             for block in 0..self.num_blocks() {
1064                 if bb_starts[block].is_none() {
1065                     // Block was deleted by MachBuffer; skip.
1066                     continue;
1067                 }
1068                 let from = bb_starts[block].unwrap();
1069 
1070                 bb_offsets.push(from);
1071                 // Resolve each `succ` label and add edges.
1072                 let succs = self.block_succs(BlockIndex::new(block));
1073                 for &succ in succs.iter() {
1074                     let to = buffer.resolve_label_offset(MachLabel::from_block(succ));
1075                     bb_edges.push((from, to));
1076                 }
1077             }
1078         }
1079 
1080         let value_labels_ranges =
1081             self.compute_value_labels_ranges(regalloc, &inst_offsets[..], func_body_len);
1082         let frame_size = self.abi.frame_size();
1083 
1084         EmitResult {
1085             buffer,
1086             bb_offsets,
1087             bb_edges,
1088             inst_offsets,
1089             func_body_len,
1090             disasm: if want_disasm { Some(disasm) } else { None },
1091             sized_stackslot_offsets: self.abi.sized_stackslot_offsets().clone(),
1092             dynamic_stackslot_offsets: self.abi.dynamic_stackslot_offsets().clone(),
1093             value_labels_ranges,
1094             frame_size,
1095             alignment,
1096         }
1097     }
1098 
1099     fn compute_value_labels_ranges(
1100         &self,
1101         regalloc: &regalloc2::Output,
1102         inst_offsets: &[CodeOffset],
1103         func_body_len: u32,
1104     ) -> ValueLabelsRanges {
1105         if self.debug_value_labels.is_empty() {
1106             return ValueLabelsRanges::default();
1107         }
1108 
1109         let mut value_labels_ranges: ValueLabelsRanges = HashMap::new();
1110         for &(label, from, to, alloc) in &regalloc.debug_locations {
1111             let ranges = value_labels_ranges
1112                 .entry(ValueLabel::from_u32(label))
1113                 .or_insert_with(|| vec![]);
1114             let from_offset = inst_offsets[from.inst().index()];
1115             let to_offset = if to.inst().index() == inst_offsets.len() {
1116                 func_body_len
1117             } else {
1118                 inst_offsets[to.inst().index()]
1119             };
1120 
1121             // Empty range or to-offset of zero can happen because of
1122             // cold blocks (see above).
1123             if to_offset == 0 || from_offset == to_offset {
1124                 continue;
1125             }
1126 
1127             let loc = if let Some(preg) = alloc.as_reg() {
1128                 LabelValueLoc::Reg(Reg::from(preg))
1129             } else {
1130                 // We can't translate spillslot locations at the
1131                 // moment because ValueLabelLoc requires an
1132                 // instantaneous SP offset, and this can *change*
1133                 // within the range we have here because of callsites
1134                 // adjusting SP temporarily. To avoid the complexity
1135                 // of accurately plumbing through nominal-SP
1136                 // adjustment sites, we just omit debug info for
1137                 // values that are spilled. Not ideal, but debug info
1138                 // is best-effort.
1139                 continue;
1140             };
1141 
1142             ranges.push(ValueLocRange {
1143                 loc,
1144                 // ValueLocRanges are recorded by *instruction-end
1145                 // offset*. `from_offset` is the *start* of the
1146                 // instruction; that is the same as the end of another
1147                 // instruction, so we only want to begin coverage once
1148                 // we are past the previous instruction's end.
1149                 start: from_offset + 1,
1150                 // Likewise, `end` is exclusive, but we want to
1151                 // *include* the end of the last
1152                 // instruction. `to_offset` is the start of the
1153                 // `to`-instruction, which is the exclusive end, i.e.,
1154                 // the first instruction not covered. That
1155                 // instruction's start is the same as the end of the
1156                 // last instruction that is included, so we go one
1157                 // byte further to be sure to include it.
1158                 end: to_offset + 1,
1159             });
1160         }
1161 
1162         value_labels_ranges
1163     }
1164 
1165     /// Get the IR block for a BlockIndex, if one exists.
1166     pub fn bindex_to_bb(&self, block: BlockIndex) -> Option<ir::Block> {
1167         self.block_order.lowered_order()[block.index()].orig_block()
1168     }
1169 
1170     #[inline]
1171     fn assert_no_vreg_aliases<'a>(&self, list: &'a [VReg]) -> &'a [VReg] {
1172         for vreg in list {
1173             self.assert_not_vreg_alias(*vreg);
1174         }
1175         list
1176     }
1177 
1178     #[inline]
1179     fn assert_not_vreg_alias(&self, vreg: VReg) -> VReg {
1180         debug_assert!(VCodeBuilder::<I>::resolve_vreg_alias_impl(&self.vreg_aliases, vreg) == vreg);
1181         vreg
1182     }
1183 
1184     #[inline]
1185     fn assert_operand_not_vreg_alias(&self, op: Operand) -> Operand {
1186         // It should be true by construction that `Operand`s do not contain any
1187         // aliased vregs since they're all collected and mapped when the VCode
1188         // is itself constructed.
1189         self.assert_not_vreg_alias(op.vreg());
1190         op
1191     }
1192 }
1193 
1194 impl<I: VCodeInst> RegallocFunction for VCode<I> {
1195     fn num_insts(&self) -> usize {
1196         self.insts.len()
1197     }
1198 
1199     fn num_blocks(&self) -> usize {
1200         self.block_ranges.len()
1201     }
1202 
1203     fn entry_block(&self) -> BlockIndex {
1204         self.entry
1205     }
1206 
1207     fn block_insns(&self, block: BlockIndex) -> InstRange {
1208         let (start, end) = self.block_ranges[block.index()];
1209         InstRange::forward(start, end)
1210     }
1211 
1212     fn block_succs(&self, block: BlockIndex) -> &[BlockIndex] {
1213         let (start, end) = self.block_succ_range[block.index()];
1214         &self.block_succs_preds[start as usize..end as usize]
1215     }
1216 
1217     fn block_preds(&self, block: BlockIndex) -> &[BlockIndex] {
1218         let (start, end) = self.block_pred_range[block.index()];
1219         &self.block_succs_preds[start as usize..end as usize]
1220     }
1221 
1222     fn block_params(&self, block: BlockIndex) -> &[VReg] {
1223         let (start, end) = self.block_params_range[block.index()];
1224         let ret = &self.block_params[start as usize..end as usize];
1225         // Currently block params are never aliased to another vreg, but
1226         // double-check just to be sure.
1227         self.assert_no_vreg_aliases(ret)
1228     }
1229 
1230     fn branch_blockparams(&self, block: BlockIndex, _insn: InsnIndex, succ_idx: usize) -> &[VReg] {
1231         let (succ_range_start, succ_range_end) = self.branch_block_arg_succ_range[block.index()];
1232         let succ_ranges =
1233             &self.branch_block_arg_range[succ_range_start as usize..succ_range_end as usize];
1234         let (branch_block_args_start, branch_block_args_end) = succ_ranges[succ_idx];
1235         let ret = &self.branch_block_args
1236             [branch_block_args_start as usize..branch_block_args_end as usize];
1237         self.assert_no_vreg_aliases(ret)
1238     }
1239 
1240     fn is_ret(&self, insn: InsnIndex) -> bool {
1241         match self.insts[insn.index()].is_term() {
1242             MachTerminator::Ret => true,
1243             _ => false,
1244         }
1245     }
1246 
1247     fn is_branch(&self, insn: InsnIndex) -> bool {
1248         match self.insts[insn.index()].is_term() {
1249             MachTerminator::Cond | MachTerminator::Uncond | MachTerminator::Indirect => true,
1250             _ => false,
1251         }
1252     }
1253 
1254     fn requires_refs_on_stack(&self, insn: InsnIndex) -> bool {
1255         self.insts[insn.index()].is_safepoint()
1256     }
1257 
1258     fn is_move(&self, insn: InsnIndex) -> Option<(Operand, Operand)> {
1259         let (a, b) = self.is_move.get(&insn)?;
1260         Some((
1261             self.assert_operand_not_vreg_alias(*a),
1262             self.assert_operand_not_vreg_alias(*b),
1263         ))
1264     }
1265 
1266     fn inst_operands(&self, insn: InsnIndex) -> &[Operand] {
1267         let (start, end) = self.operand_ranges[insn.index()];
1268         let ret = &self.operands[start as usize..end as usize];
1269         for op in ret {
1270             self.assert_operand_not_vreg_alias(*op);
1271         }
1272         ret
1273     }
1274 
1275     fn inst_clobbers(&self, insn: InsnIndex) -> PRegSet {
1276         self.clobbers.get(&insn).cloned().unwrap_or_default()
1277     }
1278 
1279     fn num_vregs(&self) -> usize {
1280         std::cmp::max(self.vreg_types.len(), first_user_vreg_index())
1281     }
1282 
1283     fn reftype_vregs(&self) -> &[VReg] {
1284         self.assert_no_vreg_aliases(&self.reftyped_vregs[..])
1285     }
1286 
1287     fn debug_value_labels(&self) -> &[(VReg, InsnIndex, InsnIndex, u32)] {
1288         // VRegs here are inserted into `debug_value_labels` after code is
1289         // generated and aliases are fully defined, so no double-check that
1290         // aliases are not lingering.
1291         for (vreg, ..) in self.debug_value_labels.iter() {
1292             self.assert_not_vreg_alias(*vreg);
1293         }
1294         &self.debug_value_labels[..]
1295     }
1296 
1297     fn is_pinned_vreg(&self, vreg: VReg) -> Option<PReg> {
1298         pinned_vreg_to_preg(vreg)
1299     }
1300 
1301     fn spillslot_size(&self, regclass: RegClass) -> usize {
1302         self.abi.get_spillslot_size(regclass) as usize
1303     }
1304 
1305     fn allow_multiple_vreg_defs(&self) -> bool {
1306         // At least the s390x backend requires this, because the
1307         // `Loop` pseudo-instruction aggregates all Operands so pinned
1308         // vregs (RealRegs) may occur more than once.
1309         true
1310     }
1311 }
1312 
1313 impl<I: VCodeInst> fmt::Debug for VCode<I> {
1314     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
1315         writeln!(f, "VCode {{")?;
1316         writeln!(f, "  Entry block: {}", self.entry.index())?;
1317 
1318         let mut state = Default::default();
1319 
1320         let mut alias_keys = self.vreg_aliases.keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
1321         alias_keys.sort_unstable();
1322         for key in alias_keys {
1323             let dest = self.vreg_aliases.get(&key).unwrap();
1324             writeln!(f, "  {:?} := {:?}", Reg::from(key), Reg::from(*dest))?;
1325         }
1326 
1327         for block in 0..self.num_blocks() {
1328             let block = BlockIndex::new(block);
1329             writeln!(f, "Block {}:", block.index())?;
1330             if let Some(bb) = self.bindex_to_bb(block) {
1331                 writeln!(f, "    (original IR block: {})", bb)?;
1332             }
1333             for succ in self.succs(block) {
1334                 writeln!(f, "    (successor: Block {})", succ.index())?;
1335             }
1336             let (start, end) = self.block_ranges[block.index()];
1337             writeln!(
1338                 f,
1339                 "    (instruction range: {} .. {})",
1340                 start.index(),
1341                 end.index()
1342             )?;
1343             for inst in start.index()..end.index() {
1344                 writeln!(
1345                     f,
1346                     "  Inst {}: {}",
1347                     inst,
1348                     self.insts[inst].pretty_print_inst(&[], &mut state)
1349                 )?;
1350             }
1351         }
1352 
1353         writeln!(f, "}}")?;
1354         Ok(())
1355     }
1356 }
1357 
1358 /// This structure manages VReg allocation during the lifetime of the VCodeBuilder.
1359 pub struct VRegAllocator<I> {
1360     /// Next virtual register number to allocate.
1361     next_vreg: usize,
1362 
1363     /// VReg IR-level types.
1364     vreg_types: Vec<Type>,
1365 
1366     /// A set with the same contents as `reftyped_vregs`, in order to
1367     /// avoid inserting more than once.
1368     reftyped_vregs_set: FxHashSet<VReg>,
1369 
1370     /// Reference-typed `regalloc2::VReg`s. The regalloc requires
1371     /// these in a dense slice (as opposed to querying the
1372     /// reftype-status of each vreg) for efficient iteration.
1373     reftyped_vregs: Vec<VReg>,
1374 
1375     /// The type of instruction that this allocator makes registers for.
1376     _inst: core::marker::PhantomData<I>,
1377 }
1378 
1379 impl<I: VCodeInst> VRegAllocator<I> {
1380     /// Make a new VRegAllocator.
1381     pub fn new() -> Self {
1382         Self {
1383             next_vreg: first_user_vreg_index(),
1384             vreg_types: vec![],
1385             reftyped_vregs_set: FxHashSet::default(),
1386             reftyped_vregs: vec![],
1387             _inst: core::marker::PhantomData::default(),
1388         }
1389     }
1390 
1391     /// Allocate a fresh ValueRegs.
1392     pub fn alloc(&mut self, ty: Type) -> CodegenResult<ValueRegs<Reg>> {
1393         let v = self.next_vreg;
1394         let (regclasses, tys) = I::rc_for_type(ty)?;
1395         self.next_vreg += regclasses.len();
1396         if self.next_vreg >= VReg::MAX {
1397             return Err(CodegenError::CodeTooLarge);
1398         }
1399 
1400         let regs: ValueRegs<Reg> = match regclasses {
1401             &[rc0] => ValueRegs::one(VReg::new(v, rc0).into()),
1402             &[rc0, rc1] => ValueRegs::two(VReg::new(v, rc0).into(), VReg::new(v + 1, rc1).into()),
1403             // We can extend this if/when we support 32-bit targets; e.g.,
1404             // an i128 on a 32-bit machine will need up to four machine regs
1405             // for a `Value`.
1406             _ => panic!("Value must reside in 1 or 2 registers"),
1407         };
1408         for (&reg_ty, &reg) in tys.iter().zip(regs.regs().iter()) {
1409             self.set_vreg_type(reg.to_virtual_reg().unwrap(), reg_ty);
1410         }
1411         Ok(regs)
1412     }
1413 
1414     /// Set the type of this virtual register.
1415     pub fn set_vreg_type(&mut self, vreg: VirtualReg, ty: Type) {
1416         if self.vreg_types.len() <= vreg.index() {
1417             self.vreg_types.resize(vreg.index() + 1, ir::types::INVALID);
1418         }
1419         self.vreg_types[vreg.index()] = ty;
1420         if is_reftype(ty) {
1421             let vreg: VReg = vreg.into();
1422             if self.reftyped_vregs_set.insert(vreg) {
1423                 self.reftyped_vregs.push(vreg);
1424             }
1425         }
1426     }
1427 }
1428 
1429 /// This structure tracks the large constants used in VCode that will be emitted separately by the
1430 /// [MachBuffer].
1431 ///
1432 /// First, during the lowering phase, constants are inserted using
1433 /// [VCodeConstants.insert]; an intermediate handle, [VCodeConstant], tracks what constants are
1434 /// used in this phase. Some deduplication is performed, when possible, as constant
1435 /// values are inserted.
1436 ///
1437 /// Secondly, during the emission phase, the [MachBuffer] assigns [MachLabel]s for each of the
1438 /// constants so that instructions can refer to the value's memory location. The [MachBuffer]
1439 /// then writes the constant values to the buffer.
1440 #[derive(Default)]
1441 pub struct VCodeConstants {
1442     constants: PrimaryMap<VCodeConstant, VCodeConstantData>,
1443     pool_uses: HashMap<Constant, VCodeConstant>,
1444     well_known_uses: HashMap<*const [u8], VCodeConstant>,
1445     u64s: HashMap<[u8; 8], VCodeConstant>,
1446 }
1447 impl VCodeConstants {
1448     /// Initialize the structure with the expected number of constants.
1449     pub fn with_capacity(expected_num_constants: usize) -> Self {
1450         Self {
1451             constants: PrimaryMap::with_capacity(expected_num_constants),
1452             pool_uses: HashMap::with_capacity(expected_num_constants),
1453             well_known_uses: HashMap::new(),
1454             u64s: HashMap::new(),
1455         }
1456     }
1457 
1458     /// Insert a constant; using this method indicates that a constant value will be used and thus
1459     /// will be emitted to the `MachBuffer`. The current implementation can deduplicate constants
1460     /// that are [VCodeConstantData::Pool] or [VCodeConstantData::WellKnown] but not
1461     /// [VCodeConstantData::Generated].
1462     pub fn insert(&mut self, data: VCodeConstantData) -> VCodeConstant {
1463         match data {
1464             VCodeConstantData::Generated(_) => self.constants.push(data),
1465             VCodeConstantData::Pool(constant, _) => match self.pool_uses.get(&constant) {
1466                 None => {
1467                     let vcode_constant = self.constants.push(data);
1468                     self.pool_uses.insert(constant, vcode_constant);
1469                     vcode_constant
1470                 }
1471                 Some(&vcode_constant) => vcode_constant,
1472             },
1473             VCodeConstantData::WellKnown(data_ref) => {
1474                 match self.well_known_uses.entry(data_ref as *const [u8]) {
1475                     Entry::Vacant(v) => {
1476                         let vcode_constant = self.constants.push(data);
1477                         v.insert(vcode_constant);
1478                         vcode_constant
1479                     }
1480                     Entry::Occupied(o) => *o.get(),
1481                 }
1482             }
1483             VCodeConstantData::U64(value) => match self.u64s.entry(value) {
1484                 Entry::Vacant(v) => {
1485                     let vcode_constant = self.constants.push(data);
1486                     v.insert(vcode_constant);
1487                     vcode_constant
1488                 }
1489                 Entry::Occupied(o) => *o.get(),
1490             },
1491         }
1492     }
1493 
1494     /// Return the number of constants inserted.
1495     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
1496         self.constants.len()
1497     }
1498 
1499     /// Iterate over the [VCodeConstant] keys inserted in this structure.
1500     pub fn keys(&self) -> Keys<VCodeConstant> {
1501         self.constants.keys()
1502     }
1503 
1504     /// Iterate over the [VCodeConstant] keys and the data (as a byte slice) inserted in this
1505     /// structure.
1506     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (VCodeConstant, &VCodeConstantData)> {
1507         self.constants.iter()
1508     }
1509 }
1510 
1511 /// A use of a constant by one or more VCode instructions; see [VCodeConstants].
1512 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
1513 pub struct VCodeConstant(u32);
1514 entity_impl!(VCodeConstant);
1515 
1516 /// Identify the different types of constant that can be inserted into [VCodeConstants]. Tracking
1517 /// these separately instead of as raw byte buffers allows us to avoid some duplication.
1518 pub enum VCodeConstantData {
1519     /// A constant already present in the Cranelift IR
1520     /// [ConstantPool](crate::ir::constant::ConstantPool).
1521     Pool(Constant, ConstantData),
1522     /// A reference to a well-known constant value that is statically encoded within the compiler.
1523     WellKnown(&'static [u8]),
1524     /// A constant value generated during lowering; the value may depend on the instruction context
1525     /// which makes it difficult to de-duplicate--if possible, use other variants.
1526     Generated(ConstantData),
1527     /// A constant of at most 64 bits. These are deduplicated as
1528     /// well. Stored as a fixed-size array of `u8` so that we do not
1529     /// encounter endianness problems when cross-compiling.
1530     U64([u8; 8]),
1531 }
1532 impl VCodeConstantData {
1533     /// Retrieve the constant data as a byte slice.
1534     pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
1535         match self {
1536             VCodeConstantData::Pool(_, d) | VCodeConstantData::Generated(d) => d.as_slice(),
1537             VCodeConstantData::WellKnown(d) => d,
1538             VCodeConstantData::U64(value) => &value[..],
1539         }
1540     }
1541 
1542     /// Calculate the alignment of the constant data.
1543     pub fn alignment(&self) -> u32 {
1544         if self.as_slice().len() <= 8 {
1545             8
1546         } else {
1547             16
1548         }
1549     }
1550 }
1551 
1552 #[cfg(test)]
1553 mod test {
1554     use super::*;
1555     use std::mem::size_of;
1556 
1557     #[test]
1558     fn size_of_constant_structs() {
1559         assert_eq!(size_of::<Constant>(), 4);
1560         assert_eq!(size_of::<VCodeConstant>(), 4);
1561         assert_eq!(size_of::<ConstantData>(), 24);
1562         assert_eq!(size_of::<VCodeConstantData>(), 32);
1563         assert_eq!(
1564             size_of::<PrimaryMap<VCodeConstant, VCodeConstantData>>(),
1565             24
1566         );
1567         // TODO The VCodeConstants structure's memory size could be further optimized.
1568         // With certain versions of Rust, each `HashMap` in `VCodeConstants` occupied at
1569         // least 48 bytes, making an empty `VCodeConstants` cost 120 bytes.
1570     }
1571 }
1572