x64/inst/external.rs

//! Interface with the external assembler crate.

use super::{
    Amode, Gpr, Inst, LabelUse, MachBuffer, MachLabel, OperandVisitor, OperandVisitorImpl,
    SyntheticAmode, VCodeConstant, WritableGpr, WritableXmm, Xmm, args::FromWritableReg,
};
use crate::{Reg, Writable, ir::TrapCode};
use cranelift_assembler_x64 as asm;
use regalloc2::{PReg, RegClass};
use std::string::String;

/// Define the types of registers Cranelift will use.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct CraneliftRegisters;
impl asm::Registers for CraneliftRegisters {
    type ReadGpr = Gpr;
    type ReadWriteGpr = PairedGpr;
    type WriteGpr = WritableGpr;
    type ReadXmm = Xmm;
    type ReadWriteXmm = PairedXmm;
    type WriteXmm = WritableXmm;
}

/// Convenience type alias of `asm::inst::Inst` with `R = CraneliftRegisters`
/// filled in.
pub type AsmInst = asm::inst::Inst<CraneliftRegisters>;

/// A pair of registers, one for reading and one for writing.
///
/// Due to how Cranelift's SSA form, we must track the read and write registers
/// separately prior to register allocation. Once register allocation is
/// complete, we expect the hardware encoding for both `read` and `write` to be
/// the same.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
#[expect(missing_docs, reason = "self-describing variants")]
pub struct PairedGpr {
    pub read: Gpr,
    pub write: WritableGpr,
}

impl From<WritableGpr> for PairedGpr {
    fn from(wgpr: WritableGpr) -> Self {
        let read = wgpr.to_reg();
        let write = wgpr;
        Self { read, write }
    }
}

/// For ABI ergonomics.
impl From<WritableGpr> for asm::Gpr<PairedGpr> {
    fn from(wgpr: WritableGpr) -> Self {
        asm::Gpr::new(wgpr.into())
    }
}

// For ABI ergonomics.
impl From<Writable<Reg>> for asm::GprMem<PairedGpr, Gpr> {
    fn from(wgpr: Writable<Reg>) -> Self {
        assert!(wgpr.to_reg().class() == RegClass::Int);
        let wgpr = WritableGpr::from_writable_reg(wgpr).unwrap();
        Self::Gpr(wgpr.into())
    }
}

// For ABI ergonomics.
impl From<Reg> for asm::GprMem<Gpr, Gpr> {
    fn from(gpr: Reg) -> Self {
        assert!(gpr.class() == RegClass::Int);
        let gpr = Gpr::unwrap_new(gpr);
        Self::Gpr(gpr)
    }
}

// For ABI ergonomics.
impl From<Writable<Reg>> for asm::GprMem<Gpr, Gpr> {
    fn from(wgpr: Writable<Reg>) -> Self {
        wgpr.to_reg().into()
    }
}

// For ABI ergonomics.
impl From<Writable<Reg>> for asm::Gpr<PairedGpr> {
    fn from(wgpr: Writable<Reg>) -> Self {
        assert!(wgpr.to_reg().class() == RegClass::Int);
        let wgpr = WritableGpr::from_writable_reg(wgpr).unwrap();
        Self::new(wgpr.into())
    }
}

impl From<Writable<Reg>> for asm::Gpr<WritableGpr> {
    fn from(wgpr: Writable<Reg>) -> Self {
        assert!(wgpr.to_reg().class() == RegClass::Int);
        let wgpr = WritableGpr::from_writable_reg(wgpr).unwrap();
        Self::new(wgpr)
    }
}

impl asm::AsReg for PairedGpr {
    fn enc(&self) -> u8 {
        let PairedGpr { read, write } = self;
        let read = enc_gpr(read);
        let write = enc_gpr(&write.to_reg());
        assert_eq!(read, write);
        write
    }

    fn to_string(&self, size: Option<asm::Size>) -> String {
        if self.read.is_real() {
            asm::gpr::enc::to_string(self.enc(), size.unwrap()).into()
        } else {
            let read = self.read.to_reg();
            let write = self.write.to_reg().to_reg();
            format!("(%{write:?} <- %{read:?})")
        }
    }

    fn new(_: u8) -> Self {
        panic!("disallow creation of new assembler registers")
    }
}

/// A pair of XMM registers, one for reading and one for writing.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
#[expect(missing_docs, reason = "self-describing variants")]
pub struct PairedXmm {
    pub read: Xmm,
    pub write: WritableXmm,
}

impl From<WritableXmm> for PairedXmm {
    fn from(wxmm: WritableXmm) -> Self {
        let read = wxmm.to_reg();
        let write = wxmm;
        Self { read, write }
    }
}

/// For ABI ergonomics.
impl From<WritableXmm> for asm::Xmm<PairedXmm> {
    fn from(wgpr: WritableXmm) -> Self {
        asm::Xmm::new(wgpr.into())
    }
}

// For emission ergonomics.
impl From<Writable<Reg>> for asm::Xmm<PairedXmm> {
    fn from(wxmm: Writable<Reg>) -> Self {
        assert!(wxmm.to_reg().class() == RegClass::Float);
        let wxmm = WritableXmm::from_writable_reg(wxmm).unwrap();
        Self::new(wxmm.into())
    }
}

// For emission ergonomics.
impl From<Reg> for asm::Xmm<Xmm> {
    fn from(xmm: Reg) -> Self {
        assert!(xmm.class() == RegClass::Float);
        let xmm = Xmm::unwrap_new(xmm);
        Self::new(xmm)
    }
}

// For emission ergonomics.
impl From<Reg> for asm::XmmMem<Xmm, Gpr> {
    fn from(xmm: Reg) -> Self {
        assert!(xmm.class() == RegClass::Float);
        let xmm = Xmm::unwrap_new(xmm);
        Self::Xmm(xmm)
    }
}

impl asm::AsReg for PairedXmm {
    fn enc(&self) -> u8 {
        let PairedXmm { read, write } = self;
        let read = enc_xmm(read);
        let write = enc_xmm(&write.to_reg());
        assert_eq!(read, write);
        write
    }

    fn to_string(&self, size: Option<asm::Size>) -> String {
        assert!(size.is_none(), "XMM registers do not have size variants");
        if self.read.is_real() {
            asm::xmm::enc::to_string(self.enc()).into()
        } else {
            let read = self.read.to_reg();
            let write = self.write.to_reg().to_reg();
            format!("(%{write:?} <- %{read:?})")
        }
    }

    fn new(_: u8) -> Self {
        panic!("disallow creation of new assembler registers")
    }
}

/// This bridges the gap between codegen and assembler for general purpose register types.
impl asm::AsReg for Gpr {
    fn enc(&self) -> u8 {
        enc_gpr(self)
    }

    fn to_string(&self, size: Option<asm::Size>) -> String {
        if self.is_real() {
            asm::gpr::enc::to_string(self.enc(), size.unwrap()).into()
        } else {
            format!("%{:?}", self.to_reg())
        }
    }

    fn new(_: u8) -> Self {
        panic!("disallow creation of new assembler registers")
    }
}

/// This bridges the gap between codegen and assembler for xmm register types.
impl asm::AsReg for Xmm {
    fn enc(&self) -> u8 {
        enc_xmm(self)
    }

    fn to_string(&self, size: Option<asm::Size>) -> String {
        assert!(size.is_none(), "XMM registers do not have size variants");
        if self.is_real() {
            asm::xmm::enc::to_string(self.enc()).into()
        } else {
            format!("%{:?}", self.to_reg())
        }
    }

    fn new(_: u8) -> Self {
        panic!("disallow creation of new assembler registers")
    }
}

/// A helper method for extracting the hardware encoding of a general purpose register.
#[inline]
fn enc_gpr(gpr: &Gpr) -> u8 {
    if let Some(real) = gpr.to_reg().to_real_reg() {
        real.hw_enc()
    } else {
        unreachable!()
    }
}

/// A helper method for extracting the hardware encoding of an xmm register.
#[inline]
fn enc_xmm(xmm: &Xmm) -> u8 {
    if let Some(real) = xmm.to_reg().to_real_reg() {
        real.hw_enc()
    } else {
        unreachable!()
    }
}

/// A wrapper to implement the `cranelift-assembler-x64` register allocation trait,
/// `RegallocVisitor`, in terms of the trait used in Cranelift,
/// `OperandVisitor`.
pub(crate) struct RegallocVisitor<'a, T>
where
    T: OperandVisitorImpl,
{
    pub collector: &'a mut T,
}

impl<'a, T: OperandVisitor> asm::RegisterVisitor<CraneliftRegisters> for RegallocVisitor<'a, T> {
    fn read_gpr(&mut self, reg: &mut Gpr) {
        self.collector.reg_use(reg);
    }

    fn read_write_gpr(&mut self, reg: &mut PairedGpr) {
        let PairedGpr { read, write } = reg;
        self.collector.reg_use(read);
        self.collector.reg_reuse_def(write, 0);
    }

    fn write_gpr(&mut self, reg: &mut WritableGpr) {
        self.collector.reg_def(reg);
    }

    fn fixed_read_gpr(&mut self, reg: &mut Gpr, enc: u8) {
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_use(reg, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Int));
    }

    fn fixed_read_write_gpr(&mut self, reg: &mut PairedGpr, enc: u8) {
        let PairedGpr { read, write } = reg;
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_use(read, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Int));
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_def(write, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Int));
    }

    fn fixed_write_gpr(&mut self, reg: &mut WritableGpr, enc: u8) {
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_def(reg, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Int));
    }

    fn read_xmm(&mut self, reg: &mut Xmm) {
        self.collector.reg_use(reg);
    }

    fn read_write_xmm(&mut self, reg: &mut PairedXmm) {
        let PairedXmm { read, write } = reg;
        self.collector.reg_use(read);
        self.collector.reg_reuse_def(write, 0);
    }

    fn write_xmm(&mut self, reg: &mut WritableXmm) {
        self.collector.reg_def(reg);
    }

    fn fixed_read_xmm(&mut self, reg: &mut Xmm, enc: u8) {
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_use(reg, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Float));
    }

    fn fixed_read_write_xmm(&mut self, reg: &mut PairedXmm, enc: u8) {
        let PairedXmm { read, write } = reg;
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_use(read, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Float));
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_def(write, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Float));
    }

    fn fixed_write_xmm(&mut self, reg: &mut WritableXmm, enc: u8) {
        self.collector
            .reg_fixed_def(reg, fixed_reg(enc, RegClass::Float));
    }
}

/// A helper for building a fixed register from its hardware encoding.
fn fixed_reg(enc: u8, class: RegClass) -> Reg {
    let preg = PReg::new(usize::from(enc), class);
    Reg::from_real_reg(preg)
}

impl From<SyntheticAmode> for asm::Amode<Gpr> {
    fn from(amode: SyntheticAmode) -> asm::Amode<Gpr> {
        match amode {
            SyntheticAmode::Real(amode) => amode.into(),
            SyntheticAmode::IncomingArg { offset } => asm::Amode::ImmReg {
                base: Gpr::RBP,
                simm32: asm::AmodeOffsetPlusKnownOffset {
                    simm32: (-i32::try_from(offset).unwrap()).into(),
                    offset: Some(offsets::KEY_INCOMING_ARG),
                },
                trap: None,
            },
            SyntheticAmode::SlotOffset { simm32 } => asm::Amode::ImmReg {
                base: Gpr::RSP,
                simm32: asm::AmodeOffsetPlusKnownOffset {
                    simm32: simm32.into(),
                    offset: Some(offsets::KEY_SLOT_OFFSET),
                },
                trap: None,
            },
            SyntheticAmode::ConstantOffset(vcode_constant) => asm::Amode::RipRelative {
                target: asm::DeferredTarget::Constant(asm::Constant(vcode_constant.as_u32())),
            },
        }
    }
}

impl From<Amode> for asm::Amode<Gpr> {
    fn from(amode: Amode) -> asm::Amode<Gpr> {
        match amode {
            Amode::ImmReg {
                simm32,
                base,
                flags,
            } => asm::Amode::ImmReg {
                simm32: asm::AmodeOffsetPlusKnownOffset {
                    simm32: simm32.into(),
                    offset: None,
                },
                base: Gpr::unwrap_new(base),
                trap: flags.trap_code().map(Into::into),
            },
            Amode::ImmRegRegShift {
                simm32,
                base,
                index,
                shift,
                flags,
            } => asm::Amode::ImmRegRegShift {
                base,
                index: asm::NonRspGpr::new(index),
                scale: asm::Scale::new(shift),
                simm32: simm32.into(),
                trap: flags.trap_code().map(Into::into),
            },
            Amode::RipRelative { target } => asm::Amode::RipRelative {
                target: asm::DeferredTarget::Label(asm::Label(target.as_u32())),
            },
        }
    }
}

impl<R: asm::AsReg> From<SyntheticAmode> for asm::XmmMem<R, Gpr> {
    fn from(amode: SyntheticAmode) -> Self {
        asm::XmmMem::Mem(amode.into())
    }
}

impl<R: asm::AsReg> From<SyntheticAmode> for asm::GprMem<R, Gpr> {
    fn from(amode: SyntheticAmode) -> Self {
        asm::GprMem::Mem(amode.into())
    }
}

impl<R: asm::AsReg> From<Amode> for asm::XmmMem<R, Gpr> {
    fn from(amode: Amode) -> Self {
        asm::XmmMem::Mem(amode.into())
    }
}

impl<R: asm::AsReg> From<Amode> for asm::GprMem<R, Gpr> {
    fn from(amode: Amode) -> Self {
        asm::GprMem::Mem(amode.into())
    }
}

/// Keep track of the offset slots to fill in during emission; see
/// `KnownOffsetTable`.
#[expect(missing_docs, reason = "self-describing keys")]
pub mod offsets {
    pub const KEY_INCOMING_ARG: u8 = 0;
    pub const KEY_SLOT_OFFSET: u8 = 1;
}

/// Implementor of the [`asm::CodeSink`] trait.
pub struct AsmCodeSink<'a> {
    /// The buffer this is emitting into.
    pub sink: &'a mut MachBuffer<Inst>,
    /// The value of `KEY_INCOMING_ARG`.
    pub incoming_arg_offset: i32,
    /// The value of `KEY_SLOT_OFFSET`.
    pub slot_offset: i32,
}

impl asm::CodeSink for AsmCodeSink<'_> {
    fn put1(&mut self, value: u8) {
        self.sink.put1(value)
    }

    fn put2(&mut self, value: u16) {
        self.sink.put2(value)
    }

    fn put4(&mut self, value: u32) {
        self.sink.put4(value)
    }

    fn put8(&mut self, value: u64) {
        self.sink.put8(value)
    }

    fn add_trap(&mut self, code: asm::TrapCode) {
        self.sink.add_trap(code.into());
    }

    fn use_target(&mut self, target: asm::DeferredTarget) {
        let offset = self.sink.cur_offset();
        match target {
            asm::DeferredTarget::Label(label) => {
                self.sink
                    .use_label_at_offset(offset, label.into(), LabelUse::JmpRel32);
            }
            asm::DeferredTarget::Constant(constant) => {
                let label = self.sink.get_label_for_constant(constant.into());
                self.sink
                    .use_label_at_offset(offset, label, LabelUse::JmpRel32);
            }
            asm::DeferredTarget::None => {}
        }
    }

    fn known_offset(&self, offset: asm::KnownOffset) -> i32 {
        match offset {
            offsets::KEY_INCOMING_ARG => self.incoming_arg_offset,
            offsets::KEY_SLOT_OFFSET => self.slot_offset,
            other => panic!("unknown \"known\" offset {other}"),
        }
    }
}

impl From<asm::TrapCode> for TrapCode {
    fn from(value: asm::TrapCode) -> Self {
        Self::from_raw(value.0)
    }
}

impl From<TrapCode> for asm::TrapCode {
    fn from(value: TrapCode) -> Self {
        Self(value.as_raw())
    }
}

impl From<asm::Label> for MachLabel {
    fn from(value: asm::Label) -> Self {
        Self::from_u32(value.0)
    }
}

impl From<MachLabel> for asm::Label {
    fn from(value: MachLabel) -> Self {
        Self(value.as_u32())
    }
}

impl From<asm::Constant> for VCodeConstant {
    fn from(value: asm::Constant) -> Self {
        Self::from_u32(value.0)
    }
}

// Include code generated by `cranelift-codegen/meta/src/gen_asm.rs`. This file
// contains a `isle_assembler_methods!` macro with Rust implementations of all
// the assembler instructions exposed to ISLE.
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/assembler-isle-macro.rs"));
pub(crate) use isle_assembler_methods;

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::PairedGpr;
    use super::asm::{AsReg, Size};
    use crate::isa::x64::args::{FromWritableReg, Gpr, WritableGpr, WritableXmm, Xmm};
    use crate::isa::x64::inst::external::PairedXmm;
    use crate::{Reg, Writable};
    use regalloc2::{RegClass, VReg};

    #[test]
    fn pretty_print_registers() {
        // For logging, we need to be able to pretty-print the virtual registers
        // that Cranelift uses before register allocation. This test ensures
        // that these remain printable using the `AsReg::to_string` interface
        // (see issue #10631).

        let v200: Reg = VReg::new(200, RegClass::Int).into();
        let gpr200 = Gpr::new(v200).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(gpr200.to_string(Some(Size::Quadword)), "%v200");

        let v300: Reg = VReg::new(300, RegClass::Int).into();
        let wgpr300 = WritableGpr::from_writable_reg(Writable::from_reg(v300)).unwrap();
        let pair = PairedGpr {
            read: gpr200,
            write: wgpr300,
        };
        assert_eq!(pair.to_string(Some(Size::Quadword)), "(%v300 <- %v200)");

        let v400: Reg = VReg::new(400, RegClass::Float).into();
        let xmm400 = Xmm::new(v400).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(xmm400.to_string(None), "%v400");

        let v500: Reg = VReg::new(500, RegClass::Float).into();
        let wxmm500 = WritableXmm::from_writable_reg(Writable::from_reg(v500)).unwrap();
        let pair = PairedXmm {
            read: xmm400,
            write: wxmm500,
        };
        assert_eq!(pair.to_string(None), "(%v500 <- %v400)");
    }
}