xref: /vim-8.2.3635/src/vim9compile.c (revision a7c4e747)
1 /* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
2  *
3  * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
4  *
5  * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
6  * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
7  * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
8  */
9 
10 /*
11  * vim9compile.c: :def and dealing with instructions
12  */
13 
14 #define USING_FLOAT_STUFF
15 #include "vim.h"
16 
17 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
18 
19 #ifdef VMS
20 # include <float.h>
21 #endif
22 
23 #define DEFINE_VIM9_GLOBALS
24 #include "vim9.h"
25 
26 // values for ctx_skip
27 typedef enum {
28     SKIP_NOT,		// condition is a constant, produce code
29     SKIP_YES,		// condition is a constant, do NOT produce code
30     SKIP_UNKNOWN	// condition is not a constant, produce code
31 } skip_T;
32 
33 /*
34  * Chain of jump instructions where the end label needs to be set.
35  */
36 typedef struct endlabel_S endlabel_T;
37 struct endlabel_S {
38     endlabel_T	*el_next;	    // chain end_label locations
39     int		el_end_label;	    // instruction idx where to set end
40 };
41 
42 /*
43  * info specific for the scope of :if / elseif / else
44  */
45 typedef struct {
46     int		is_seen_else;
47     int		is_had_return;	    // every block ends in :return
48     int		is_if_label;	    // instruction idx at IF or ELSEIF
49     endlabel_T	*is_end_label;	    // instructions to set end label
50 } ifscope_T;
51 
52 /*
53  * info specific for the scope of :while
54  */
55 typedef struct {
56     int		ws_top_label;	    // instruction idx at WHILE
57     endlabel_T	*ws_end_label;	    // instructions to set end
58 } whilescope_T;
59 
60 /*
61  * info specific for the scope of :for
62  */
63 typedef struct {
64     int		fs_top_label;	    // instruction idx at FOR
65     endlabel_T	*fs_end_label;	    // break instructions
66 } forscope_T;
67 
68 /*
69  * info specific for the scope of :try
70  */
71 typedef struct {
72     int		ts_try_label;	    // instruction idx at TRY
73     endlabel_T	*ts_end_label;	    // jump to :finally or :endtry
74     int		ts_catch_label;	    // instruction idx of last CATCH
75     int		ts_caught_all;	    // "catch" without argument encountered
76 } tryscope_T;
77 
78 typedef enum {
79     NO_SCOPE,
80     IF_SCOPE,
81     WHILE_SCOPE,
82     FOR_SCOPE,
83     TRY_SCOPE,
84     BLOCK_SCOPE
85 } scopetype_T;
86 
87 /*
88  * Info for one scope, pointed to by "ctx_scope".
89  */
90 typedef struct scope_S scope_T;
91 struct scope_S {
92     scope_T	*se_outer;	    // scope containing this one
93     scopetype_T se_type;
94     int		se_local_count;	    // ctx_locals.ga_len before scope
95     skip_T	se_skip_save;	    // ctx_skip before the block
96     union {
97 	ifscope_T	se_if;
98 	whilescope_T	se_while;
99 	forscope_T	se_for;
100 	tryscope_T	se_try;
101     } se_u;
102 };
103 
104 /*
105  * Entry for "ctx_locals".  Used for arguments and local variables.
106  */
107 typedef struct {
108     char_u	*lv_name;
109     type_T	*lv_type;
110     int		lv_idx;		// index of the variable on the stack
111     int		lv_from_outer;	// when TRUE using ctx_outer scope
112     int		lv_const;	// when TRUE cannot be assigned to
113     int		lv_arg;		// when TRUE this is an argument
114 } lvar_T;
115 
116 /*
117  * Context for compiling lines of Vim script.
118  * Stores info about the local variables and condition stack.
119  */
120 struct cctx_S {
121     ufunc_T	*ctx_ufunc;	    // current function
122     int		ctx_lnum;	    // line number in current function
123     char_u	*ctx_line_start;    // start of current line or NULL
124     garray_T	ctx_instr;	    // generated instructions
125 
126     garray_T	ctx_locals;	    // currently visible local variables
127     int		ctx_locals_count;   // total number of local variables
128 
129     int		ctx_closure_count;  // number of closures created in the
130 				    // function
131 
132     garray_T	ctx_imports;	    // imported items
133 
134     skip_T	ctx_skip;
135     scope_T	*ctx_scope;	    // current scope, NULL at toplevel
136     int		ctx_had_return;	    // last seen statement was "return"
137 
138     cctx_T	*ctx_outer;	    // outer scope for lambda or nested
139 				    // function
140     int		ctx_outer_used;	    // var in ctx_outer was used
141 
142     garray_T	ctx_type_stack;	    // type of each item on the stack
143     garray_T	*ctx_type_list;	    // list of pointers to allocated types
144 };
145 
146 static void delete_def_function_contents(dfunc_T *dfunc);
147 
148 /*
149  * Lookup variable "name" in the local scope and return it.
150  * Return NULL if not found.
151  */
152     static lvar_T *
153 lookup_local(char_u *name, size_t len, cctx_T *cctx)
154 {
155     int	    idx;
156     lvar_T  *lvar;
157 
158     if (len == 0)
159 	return NULL;
160 
161     // Find local in current function scope.
162     for (idx = 0; idx < cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len; ++idx)
163     {
164 	lvar = ((lvar_T *)cctx->ctx_locals.ga_data) + idx;
165 	if (STRNCMP(name, lvar->lv_name, len) == 0
166 					       && STRLEN(lvar->lv_name) == len)
167 	{
168 	    lvar->lv_from_outer = FALSE;
169 	    return lvar;
170 	}
171     }
172 
173     // Find local in outer function scope.
174     if (cctx->ctx_outer != NULL)
175     {
176 	lvar = lookup_local(name, len, cctx->ctx_outer);
177 	if (lvar != NULL)
178 	{
179 	    // TODO: are there situations we should not mark the outer scope as
180 	    // used?
181 	    cctx->ctx_outer_used = TRUE;
182 	    lvar->lv_from_outer = TRUE;
183 	    return lvar;
184 	}
185     }
186 
187     return NULL;
188 }
189 
190 /*
191  * Lookup an argument in the current function and an enclosing function.
192  * Returns the argument index in "idxp"
193  * Returns the argument type in "type"
194  * Sets "gen_load_outer" to TRUE if found in outer scope.
195  * Returns OK when found, FAIL otherwise.
196  */
197     static int
198 lookup_arg(
199 	char_u	*name,
200 	size_t	len,
201 	int	*idxp,
202 	type_T	**type,
203 	int	*gen_load_outer,
204 	cctx_T	*cctx)
205 {
206     int	    idx;
207     char_u  *va_name;
208 
209     if (len == 0)
210 	return FAIL;
211     for (idx = 0; idx < cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_args.ga_len; ++idx)
212     {
213 	char_u *arg = FUNCARG(cctx->ctx_ufunc, idx);
214 
215 	if (STRNCMP(name, arg, len) == 0 && arg[len] == NUL)
216 	{
217 	    if (idxp != NULL)
218 	    {
219 		// Arguments are located above the frame pointer.  One further
220 		// if there is a vararg argument
221 		*idxp = idx - (cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_args.ga_len
222 							    + STACK_FRAME_SIZE)
223 			      + (cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_va_name != NULL ? -1 : 0);
224 
225 		if (cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_arg_types != NULL)
226 		    *type = cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_arg_types[idx];
227 		else
228 		    *type = &t_any;
229 	    }
230 	    return OK;
231 	}
232     }
233 
234     va_name = cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_va_name;
235     if (va_name != NULL
236 		    && STRNCMP(name, va_name, len) == 0 && va_name[len] == NUL)
237     {
238 	if (idxp != NULL)
239 	{
240 	    // varargs is always the last argument
241 	    *idxp = -STACK_FRAME_SIZE - 1;
242 	    *type = cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_va_type;
243 	}
244 	return OK;
245     }
246 
247     if (cctx->ctx_outer != NULL)
248     {
249 	// Lookup the name for an argument of the outer function.
250 	if (lookup_arg(name, len, idxp, type, gen_load_outer, cctx->ctx_outer)
251 									 == OK)
252 	{
253 	    *gen_load_outer = TRUE;
254 	    return OK;
255 	}
256     }
257 
258     return FAIL;
259 }
260 
261 /*
262  * Lookup a variable in the current script.
263  * Returns OK or FAIL.
264  */
265     static int
266 lookup_script(char_u *name, size_t len)
267 {
268     int		    cc;
269     hashtab_T	    *ht = &SCRIPT_VARS(current_sctx.sc_sid);
270     dictitem_T	    *di;
271 
272     cc = name[len];
273     name[len] = NUL;
274     di = find_var_in_ht(ht, 0, name, TRUE);
275     name[len] = cc;
276     return di == NULL ? FAIL: OK;
277 }
278 
279 /*
280  * Check if "p[len]" is already defined, either in script "import_sid" or in
281  * compilation context "cctx".
282  * Return FAIL and give an error if it defined.
283  */
284     int
285 check_defined(char_u *p, size_t len, cctx_T *cctx)
286 {
287     int c = p[len];
288 
289     p[len] = NUL;
290     if (lookup_script(p, len) == OK
291 	    || (cctx != NULL
292 		&& (lookup_local(p, len, cctx) != NULL
293 		    || lookup_arg(p, len, NULL, NULL, NULL, cctx) == OK))
294 	    || find_imported(p, len, cctx) != NULL
295 	    || find_func_even_dead(p, FALSE, cctx) != NULL)
296     {
297 	p[len] = c;
298 	semsg(_(e_name_already_defined), p);
299 	return FAIL;
300     }
301     p[len] = c;
302     return OK;
303 }
304 
305 
306 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
307 // Following generate_ functions expect the caller to call ga_grow().
308 
309 #define RETURN_NULL_IF_SKIP(cctx) if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES) return NULL
310 #define RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx) if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES) return OK
311 
312 /*
313  * Generate an instruction without arguments.
314  * Returns a pointer to the new instruction, NULL if failed.
315  */
316     static isn_T *
317 generate_instr(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type)
318 {
319     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
320     isn_T	*isn;
321 
322     RETURN_NULL_IF_SKIP(cctx);
323     if (ga_grow(instr, 1) == FAIL)
324 	return NULL;
325     isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + instr->ga_len;
326     isn->isn_type = isn_type;
327     isn->isn_lnum = cctx->ctx_lnum + 1;
328     ++instr->ga_len;
329 
330     return isn;
331 }
332 
333 /*
334  * Generate an instruction without arguments.
335  * "drop" will be removed from the stack.
336  * Returns a pointer to the new instruction, NULL if failed.
337  */
338     static isn_T *
339 generate_instr_drop(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int drop)
340 {
341     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
342 
343     RETURN_NULL_IF_SKIP(cctx);
344     stack->ga_len -= drop;
345     return generate_instr(cctx, isn_type);
346 }
347 
348 /*
349  * Generate instruction "isn_type" and put "type" on the type stack.
350  */
351     static isn_T *
352 generate_instr_type(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, type_T *type)
353 {
354     isn_T	*isn;
355     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
356 
357     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isn_type)) == NULL)
358 	return NULL;
359 
360     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
361 	return NULL;
362     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] = type == NULL ? &t_any : type;
363     ++stack->ga_len;
364 
365     return isn;
366 }
367 
368 /*
369  * If type at "offset" isn't already VAR_STRING then generate ISN_2STRING.
370  * But only for simple types.
371  */
372     static int
373 may_generate_2STRING(int offset, cctx_T *cctx)
374 {
375     isn_T	*isn;
376     isntype_T	isntype = ISN_2STRING;
377     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
378     type_T	**type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data) + stack->ga_len + offset;
379 
380     switch ((*type)->tt_type)
381     {
382 	// nothing to be done
383 	case VAR_STRING: return OK;
384 
385 	// conversion possible
386 	case VAR_SPECIAL:
387 	case VAR_BOOL:
388 	case VAR_NUMBER:
389 	case VAR_FLOAT:
390 			 break;
391 
392 	// conversion possible (with runtime check)
393 	case VAR_ANY:
394 	case VAR_UNKNOWN:
395 			 isntype = ISN_2STRING_ANY;
396 			 break;
397 
398 	// conversion not possible
399 	case VAR_VOID:
400 	case VAR_BLOB:
401 	case VAR_FUNC:
402 	case VAR_PARTIAL:
403 	case VAR_LIST:
404 	case VAR_DICT:
405 	case VAR_JOB:
406 	case VAR_CHANNEL:
407 			 to_string_error((*type)->tt_type);
408 			 return FAIL;
409     }
410 
411     *type = &t_string;
412     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isntype)) == NULL)
413 	return FAIL;
414     isn->isn_arg.number = offset;
415 
416     return OK;
417 }
418 
419     static int
420 check_number_or_float(vartype_T type1, vartype_T type2, char_u *op)
421 {
422     if (!((type1 == VAR_NUMBER || type1 == VAR_FLOAT || type1 == VAR_ANY)
423 	    && (type2 == VAR_NUMBER || type2 == VAR_FLOAT
424 							 || type2 == VAR_ANY)))
425     {
426 	if (*op == '+')
427 	    emsg(_(e_wrong_argument_type_for_plus));
428 	else
429 	    semsg(_(e_char_requires_number_or_float_arguments), *op);
430 	return FAIL;
431     }
432     return OK;
433 }
434 
435     static int
436 generate_add_instr(
437 	cctx_T *cctx,
438 	vartype_T vartype,
439 	type_T *type1,
440 	type_T *type2)
441 {
442     isn_T *isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx,
443 	      vartype == VAR_NUMBER ? ISN_OPNR
444 	    : vartype == VAR_LIST ? ISN_ADDLIST
445 	    : vartype == VAR_BLOB ? ISN_ADDBLOB
446 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
447 	    : vartype == VAR_FLOAT ? ISN_OPFLOAT
448 #endif
449 	    : ISN_OPANY, 1);
450 
451     if (vartype != VAR_LIST && vartype != VAR_BLOB
452 	    && type1->tt_type != VAR_ANY
453 	    && type2->tt_type != VAR_ANY
454 	    && check_number_or_float(
455 			type1->tt_type, type2->tt_type, (char_u *)"+") == FAIL)
456 	return FAIL;
457 
458     if (isn != NULL)
459 	isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_ADD;
460     return isn == NULL ? FAIL : OK;
461 }
462 
463 /*
464  * Get the type to use for an instruction for an operation on "type1" and
465  * "type2".  If they are matching use a type-specific instruction. Otherwise
466  * fall back to runtime type checking.
467  */
468     static vartype_T
469 operator_type(type_T *type1, type_T *type2)
470 {
471     if (type1->tt_type == type2->tt_type
472 	    && (type1->tt_type == VAR_NUMBER
473 		|| type1->tt_type == VAR_LIST
474 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
475 		|| type1->tt_type == VAR_FLOAT
476 #endif
477 		|| type1->tt_type == VAR_BLOB))
478 	return type1->tt_type;
479     return VAR_ANY;
480 }
481 
482 /*
483  * Generate an instruction with two arguments.  The instruction depends on the
484  * type of the arguments.
485  */
486     static int
487 generate_two_op(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *op)
488 {
489     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
490     type_T	*type1;
491     type_T	*type2;
492     vartype_T	vartype;
493     isn_T	*isn;
494 
495     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
496 
497     // Get the known type of the two items on the stack.
498     type1 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 2];
499     type2 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
500     vartype = operator_type(type1, type2);
501 
502     switch (*op)
503     {
504 	case '+':
505 		  if (generate_add_instr(cctx, vartype, type1, type2) == FAIL)
506 		      return FAIL;
507 		  break;
508 
509 	case '-':
510 	case '*':
511 	case '/': if (check_number_or_float(type1->tt_type, type2->tt_type,
512 								   op) == FAIL)
513 		      return FAIL;
514 		  if (vartype == VAR_NUMBER)
515 		      isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_OPNR, 1);
516 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
517 		  else if (vartype == VAR_FLOAT)
518 		      isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_OPFLOAT, 1);
519 #endif
520 		  else
521 		      isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_OPANY, 1);
522 		  if (isn != NULL)
523 		      isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = *op == '*'
524 				 ? EXPR_MULT : *op == '/'? EXPR_DIV : EXPR_SUB;
525 		  break;
526 
527 	case '%': if ((type1->tt_type != VAR_ANY
528 					       && type1->tt_type != VAR_NUMBER)
529 			  || (type2->tt_type != VAR_ANY
530 					      && type2->tt_type != VAR_NUMBER))
531 		  {
532 		      emsg(_(e_percent_requires_number_arguments));
533 		      return FAIL;
534 		  }
535 		  isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx,
536 			      vartype == VAR_NUMBER ? ISN_OPNR : ISN_OPANY, 1);
537 		  if (isn != NULL)
538 		      isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_REM;
539 		  break;
540     }
541 
542     // correct type of result
543     if (vartype == VAR_ANY)
544     {
545 	type_T *type = &t_any;
546 
547 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
548 	// float+number and number+float results in float
549 	if ((type1->tt_type == VAR_NUMBER || type1->tt_type == VAR_FLOAT)
550 		&& (type2->tt_type == VAR_NUMBER || type2->tt_type == VAR_FLOAT))
551 	    type = &t_float;
552 #endif
553 	((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1] = type;
554     }
555 
556     return OK;
557 }
558 
559 /*
560  * Get the instruction to use for comparing "type1" with "type2"
561  * Return ISN_DROP when failed.
562  */
563     static isntype_T
564 get_compare_isn(exptype_T exptype, vartype_T type1, vartype_T type2)
565 {
566     isntype_T	isntype = ISN_DROP;
567 
568     if (type1 == VAR_UNKNOWN)
569 	type1 = VAR_ANY;
570     if (type2 == VAR_UNKNOWN)
571 	type2 = VAR_ANY;
572 
573     if (type1 == type2)
574     {
575 	switch (type1)
576 	{
577 	    case VAR_BOOL: isntype = ISN_COMPAREBOOL; break;
578 	    case VAR_SPECIAL: isntype = ISN_COMPARESPECIAL; break;
579 	    case VAR_NUMBER: isntype = ISN_COMPARENR; break;
580 	    case VAR_FLOAT: isntype = ISN_COMPAREFLOAT; break;
581 	    case VAR_STRING: isntype = ISN_COMPARESTRING; break;
582 	    case VAR_BLOB: isntype = ISN_COMPAREBLOB; break;
583 	    case VAR_LIST: isntype = ISN_COMPARELIST; break;
584 	    case VAR_DICT: isntype = ISN_COMPAREDICT; break;
585 	    case VAR_FUNC: isntype = ISN_COMPAREFUNC; break;
586 	    default: isntype = ISN_COMPAREANY; break;
587 	}
588     }
589     else if (type1 == VAR_ANY || type2 == VAR_ANY
590 	    || ((type1 == VAR_NUMBER || type1 == VAR_FLOAT)
591 	      && (type2 == VAR_NUMBER || type2 ==VAR_FLOAT)))
592 	isntype = ISN_COMPAREANY;
593 
594     if ((exptype == EXPR_IS || exptype == EXPR_ISNOT)
595 	    && (isntype == ISN_COMPAREBOOL
596 	    || isntype == ISN_COMPARESPECIAL
597 	    || isntype == ISN_COMPARENR
598 	    || isntype == ISN_COMPAREFLOAT))
599     {
600 	semsg(_(e_cannot_use_str_with_str),
601 		exptype == EXPR_IS ? "is" : "isnot" , vartype_name(type1));
602 	return ISN_DROP;
603     }
604     if (isntype == ISN_DROP
605 	    || ((exptype != EXPR_EQUAL && exptype != EXPR_NEQUAL
606 		    && (type1 == VAR_BOOL || type1 == VAR_SPECIAL
607 		       || type2 == VAR_BOOL || type2 == VAR_SPECIAL)))
608 	    || ((exptype != EXPR_EQUAL && exptype != EXPR_NEQUAL
609 				 && exptype != EXPR_IS && exptype != EXPR_ISNOT
610 		    && (type1 == VAR_BLOB || type2 == VAR_BLOB
611 			|| type1 == VAR_LIST || type2 == VAR_LIST))))
612     {
613 	semsg(_(e_cannot_compare_str_with_str),
614 		vartype_name(type1), vartype_name(type2));
615 	return ISN_DROP;
616     }
617     return isntype;
618 }
619 
620     int
621 check_compare_types(exptype_T type, typval_T *tv1, typval_T *tv2)
622 {
623     if (get_compare_isn(type, tv1->v_type, tv2->v_type) == ISN_DROP)
624 	return FAIL;
625     return OK;
626 }
627 
628 /*
629  * Generate an ISN_COMPARE* instruction with a boolean result.
630  */
631     static int
632 generate_COMPARE(cctx_T *cctx, exptype_T exptype, int ic)
633 {
634     isntype_T	isntype;
635     isn_T	*isn;
636     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
637     vartype_T	type1;
638     vartype_T	type2;
639 
640     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
641 
642     // Get the known type of the two items on the stack.  If they are matching
643     // use a type-specific instruction. Otherwise fall back to runtime type
644     // checking.
645     type1 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 2]->tt_type;
646     type2 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1]->tt_type;
647     isntype = get_compare_isn(exptype, type1, type2);
648     if (isntype == ISN_DROP)
649 	return FAIL;
650 
651     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isntype)) == NULL)
652 	return FAIL;
653     isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = exptype;
654     isn->isn_arg.op.op_ic = ic;
655 
656     // takes two arguments, puts one bool back
657     if (stack->ga_len >= 2)
658     {
659 	--stack->ga_len;
660 	((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1] = &t_bool;
661     }
662 
663     return OK;
664 }
665 
666 /*
667  * Generate an ISN_2BOOL instruction.
668  */
669     static int
670 generate_2BOOL(cctx_T *cctx, int invert)
671 {
672     isn_T	*isn;
673     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
674 
675     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
676     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_2BOOL)) == NULL)
677 	return FAIL;
678     isn->isn_arg.number = invert;
679 
680     // type becomes bool
681     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1] = &t_bool;
682 
683     return OK;
684 }
685 
686     static int
687 generate_TYPECHECK(cctx_T *cctx, type_T *vartype, int offset)
688 {
689     isn_T	*isn;
690     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
691 
692     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
693     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CHECKTYPE)) == NULL)
694 	return FAIL;
695     // TODO: whole type, e.g. for a function also arg and return types
696     isn->isn_arg.type.ct_type = vartype->tt_type;
697     isn->isn_arg.type.ct_off = offset;
698 
699     // type becomes vartype
700     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len + offset] = vartype;
701 
702     return OK;
703 }
704 
705 /*
706  * Check that
707  * - "actual" is "expected" type or
708  * - "actual" is a type that can be "expected" type: add a runtime check; or
709  * - return FAIL.
710  */
711     static int
712 need_type(
713 	type_T	*actual,
714 	type_T	*expected,
715 	int	offset,
716 	cctx_T	*cctx,
717 	int	silent)
718 {
719     if (check_type(expected, actual, FALSE) == OK)
720 	return OK;
721     if (actual->tt_type != VAR_ANY
722 	    && actual->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN
723 	    && !(actual->tt_type == VAR_FUNC
724 		&& (actual->tt_member == &t_any || actual->tt_argcount < 0)))
725     {
726 	if (!silent)
727 	    type_mismatch(expected, actual);
728 	return FAIL;
729     }
730     generate_TYPECHECK(cctx, expected, offset);
731     return OK;
732 }
733 
734 /*
735  * Generate an ISN_PUSHNR instruction.
736  */
737     static int
738 generate_PUSHNR(cctx_T *cctx, varnumber_T number)
739 {
740     isn_T	*isn;
741 
742     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
743     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHNR, &t_number)) == NULL)
744 	return FAIL;
745     isn->isn_arg.number = number;
746 
747     return OK;
748 }
749 
750 /*
751  * Generate an ISN_PUSHBOOL instruction.
752  */
753     static int
754 generate_PUSHBOOL(cctx_T *cctx, varnumber_T number)
755 {
756     isn_T	*isn;
757 
758     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
759     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHBOOL, &t_bool)) == NULL)
760 	return FAIL;
761     isn->isn_arg.number = number;
762 
763     return OK;
764 }
765 
766 /*
767  * Generate an ISN_PUSHSPEC instruction.
768  */
769     static int
770 generate_PUSHSPEC(cctx_T *cctx, varnumber_T number)
771 {
772     isn_T	*isn;
773 
774     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
775     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHSPEC, &t_special)) == NULL)
776 	return FAIL;
777     isn->isn_arg.number = number;
778 
779     return OK;
780 }
781 
782 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
783 /*
784  * Generate an ISN_PUSHF instruction.
785  */
786     static int
787 generate_PUSHF(cctx_T *cctx, float_T fnumber)
788 {
789     isn_T	*isn;
790 
791     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
792     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHF, &t_float)) == NULL)
793 	return FAIL;
794     isn->isn_arg.fnumber = fnumber;
795 
796     return OK;
797 }
798 #endif
799 
800 /*
801  * Generate an ISN_PUSHS instruction.
802  * Consumes "str".
803  */
804     static int
805 generate_PUSHS(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *str)
806 {
807     isn_T	*isn;
808 
809     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
810     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHS, &t_string)) == NULL)
811 	return FAIL;
812     isn->isn_arg.string = str;
813 
814     return OK;
815 }
816 
817 /*
818  * Generate an ISN_PUSHCHANNEL instruction.
819  * Consumes "channel".
820  */
821     static int
822 generate_PUSHCHANNEL(cctx_T *cctx, channel_T *channel)
823 {
824     isn_T	*isn;
825 
826     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
827     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHCHANNEL, &t_channel)) == NULL)
828 	return FAIL;
829     isn->isn_arg.channel = channel;
830 
831     return OK;
832 }
833 
834 /*
835  * Generate an ISN_PUSHJOB instruction.
836  * Consumes "job".
837  */
838     static int
839 generate_PUSHJOB(cctx_T *cctx, job_T *job)
840 {
841     isn_T	*isn;
842 
843     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
844     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHJOB, &t_channel)) == NULL)
845 	return FAIL;
846     isn->isn_arg.job = job;
847 
848     return OK;
849 }
850 
851 /*
852  * Generate an ISN_PUSHBLOB instruction.
853  * Consumes "blob".
854  */
855     static int
856 generate_PUSHBLOB(cctx_T *cctx, blob_T *blob)
857 {
858     isn_T	*isn;
859 
860     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
861     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHBLOB, &t_blob)) == NULL)
862 	return FAIL;
863     isn->isn_arg.blob = blob;
864 
865     return OK;
866 }
867 
868 /*
869  * Generate an ISN_PUSHFUNC instruction with name "name".
870  * Consumes "name".
871  */
872     static int
873 generate_PUSHFUNC(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, type_T *type)
874 {
875     isn_T	*isn;
876 
877     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
878     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHFUNC, type)) == NULL)
879 	return FAIL;
880     isn->isn_arg.string = name == NULL ? NULL : vim_strsave(name);
881 
882     return OK;
883 }
884 
885 /*
886  * Generate an ISN_GETITEM instruction with "index".
887  */
888     static int
889 generate_GETITEM(cctx_T *cctx, int index)
890 {
891     isn_T	*isn;
892     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
893     type_T	*type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
894     type_T	*item_type = &t_any;
895 
896     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
897 
898     if (type->tt_type != VAR_LIST)
899     {
900 	// cannot happen, caller has checked the type
901 	emsg(_(e_listreq));
902 	return FAIL;
903     }
904     item_type = type->tt_member;
905     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_GETITEM)) == NULL)
906 	return FAIL;
907     isn->isn_arg.number = index;
908 
909     // add the item type to the type stack
910     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
911 	return FAIL;
912     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] = item_type;
913     ++stack->ga_len;
914     return OK;
915 }
916 
917 /*
918  * Generate an ISN_SLICE instruction with "count".
919  */
920     static int
921 generate_SLICE(cctx_T *cctx, int count)
922 {
923     isn_T	*isn;
924 
925     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
926     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_SLICE)) == NULL)
927 	return FAIL;
928     isn->isn_arg.number = count;
929     return OK;
930 }
931 
932 /*
933  * Generate an ISN_CHECKLEN instruction with "min_len".
934  */
935     static int
936 generate_CHECKLEN(cctx_T *cctx, int min_len, int more_OK)
937 {
938     isn_T	*isn;
939 
940     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
941 
942     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CHECKLEN)) == NULL)
943 	return FAIL;
944     isn->isn_arg.checklen.cl_min_len = min_len;
945     isn->isn_arg.checklen.cl_more_OK = more_OK;
946 
947     return OK;
948 }
949 
950 /*
951  * Generate an ISN_STORE instruction.
952  */
953     static int
954 generate_STORE(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int idx, char_u *name)
955 {
956     isn_T	*isn;
957 
958     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
959     if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, 1)) == NULL)
960 	return FAIL;
961     if (name != NULL)
962 	isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(name);
963     else
964 	isn->isn_arg.number = idx;
965 
966     return OK;
967 }
968 
969 /*
970  * Generate an ISN_STORENR instruction (short for ISN_PUSHNR + ISN_STORE)
971  */
972     static int
973 generate_STORENR(cctx_T *cctx, int idx, varnumber_T value)
974 {
975     isn_T	*isn;
976 
977     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
978     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_STORENR)) == NULL)
979 	return FAIL;
980     isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_idx = idx;
981     isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_val = value;
982 
983     return OK;
984 }
985 
986 /*
987  * Generate an ISN_STOREOPT instruction
988  */
989     static int
990 generate_STOREOPT(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, int opt_flags)
991 {
992     isn_T	*isn;
993 
994     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
995     if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STOREOPT, 1)) == NULL)
996 	return FAIL;
997     isn->isn_arg.storeopt.so_name = vim_strsave(name);
998     isn->isn_arg.storeopt.so_flags = opt_flags;
999 
1000     return OK;
1001 }
1002 
1003 /*
1004  * Generate an ISN_LOAD or similar instruction.
1005  */
1006     static int
1007 generate_LOAD(
1008 	cctx_T	    *cctx,
1009 	isntype_T   isn_type,
1010 	int	    idx,
1011 	char_u	    *name,
1012 	type_T	    *type)
1013 {
1014     isn_T	*isn;
1015 
1016     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1017     if ((isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, isn_type, type)) == NULL)
1018 	return FAIL;
1019     if (name != NULL)
1020 	isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(name);
1021     else
1022 	isn->isn_arg.number = idx;
1023 
1024     return OK;
1025 }
1026 
1027 /*
1028  * Generate an ISN_LOADV instruction for v:var.
1029  */
1030     static int
1031 generate_LOADV(
1032 	cctx_T	    *cctx,
1033 	char_u	    *name,
1034 	int	    error)
1035 {
1036     int	    di_flags;
1037     int	    vidx = find_vim_var(name, &di_flags);
1038     type_T  *type;
1039 
1040     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1041     if (vidx < 0)
1042     {
1043 	if (error)
1044 	    semsg(_(e_variable_not_found_str), name);
1045 	return FAIL;
1046     }
1047     type = typval2type_vimvar(get_vim_var_tv(vidx), cctx->ctx_type_list);
1048 
1049     return generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADV, vidx, NULL, type);
1050 }
1051 
1052 /*
1053  * Generate an ISN_UNLET instruction.
1054  */
1055     static int
1056 generate_UNLET(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, char_u *name, int forceit)
1057 {
1058     isn_T	*isn;
1059 
1060     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1061     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, isn_type)) == NULL)
1062 	return FAIL;
1063     isn->isn_arg.unlet.ul_name = vim_strsave(name);
1064     isn->isn_arg.unlet.ul_forceit = forceit;
1065 
1066     return OK;
1067 }
1068 
1069 /*
1070  * Generate an ISN_LOADS instruction.
1071  */
1072     static int
1073 generate_OLDSCRIPT(
1074 	cctx_T	    *cctx,
1075 	isntype_T   isn_type,
1076 	char_u	    *name,
1077 	int	    sid,
1078 	type_T	    *type)
1079 {
1080     isn_T	*isn;
1081 
1082     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1083     if (isn_type == ISN_LOADS)
1084 	isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, isn_type, type);
1085     else
1086 	isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, 1);
1087     if (isn == NULL)
1088 	return FAIL;
1089     isn->isn_arg.loadstore.ls_name = vim_strsave(name);
1090     isn->isn_arg.loadstore.ls_sid = sid;
1091 
1092     return OK;
1093 }
1094 
1095 /*
1096  * Generate an ISN_LOADSCRIPT or ISN_STORESCRIPT instruction.
1097  */
1098     static int
1099 generate_VIM9SCRIPT(
1100 	cctx_T	    *cctx,
1101 	isntype_T   isn_type,
1102 	int	    sid,
1103 	int	    idx,
1104 	type_T	    *type)
1105 {
1106     isn_T	*isn;
1107 
1108     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1109     if (isn_type == ISN_LOADSCRIPT)
1110 	isn = generate_instr_type(cctx, isn_type, type);
1111     else
1112 	isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, 1);
1113     if (isn == NULL)
1114 	return FAIL;
1115     isn->isn_arg.script.script_sid = sid;
1116     isn->isn_arg.script.script_idx = idx;
1117     return OK;
1118 }
1119 
1120 /*
1121  * Generate an ISN_NEWLIST instruction.
1122  */
1123     static int
1124 generate_NEWLIST(cctx_T *cctx, int count)
1125 {
1126     isn_T	*isn;
1127     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1128     type_T	*type;
1129     type_T	*member;
1130 
1131     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1132     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_NEWLIST)) == NULL)
1133 	return FAIL;
1134     isn->isn_arg.number = count;
1135 
1136     // get the member type from all the items on the stack.
1137     member = get_member_type_from_stack(
1138 	    ((type_T **)stack->ga_data) + stack->ga_len, count, 1,
1139 							  cctx->ctx_type_list);
1140     type = get_list_type(member, cctx->ctx_type_list);
1141 
1142     // drop the value types
1143     stack->ga_len -= count;
1144 
1145     // add the list type to the type stack
1146     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
1147 	return FAIL;
1148     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] = type;
1149     ++stack->ga_len;
1150 
1151     return OK;
1152 }
1153 
1154 /*
1155  * Generate an ISN_NEWDICT instruction.
1156  */
1157     static int
1158 generate_NEWDICT(cctx_T *cctx, int count)
1159 {
1160     isn_T	*isn;
1161     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1162     type_T	*type;
1163     type_T	*member;
1164 
1165     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1166     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_NEWDICT)) == NULL)
1167 	return FAIL;
1168     isn->isn_arg.number = count;
1169 
1170     member = get_member_type_from_stack(
1171 	    ((type_T **)stack->ga_data) + stack->ga_len, count, 2,
1172 							  cctx->ctx_type_list);
1173     type = get_dict_type(member, cctx->ctx_type_list);
1174 
1175     // drop the key and value types
1176     stack->ga_len -= 2 * count;
1177 
1178     // add the dict type to the type stack
1179     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
1180 	return FAIL;
1181     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] = type;
1182     ++stack->ga_len;
1183 
1184     return OK;
1185 }
1186 
1187 /*
1188  * Generate an ISN_FUNCREF instruction.
1189  */
1190     static int
1191 generate_FUNCREF(cctx_T *cctx, ufunc_T *ufunc)
1192 {
1193     isn_T	*isn;
1194     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1195 
1196     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1197     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_FUNCREF)) == NULL)
1198 	return FAIL;
1199     isn->isn_arg.funcref.fr_func = ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
1200     isn->isn_arg.funcref.fr_var_idx = cctx->ctx_closure_count++;
1201 
1202     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
1203 	return FAIL;
1204     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] =
1205 	       ufunc->uf_func_type == NULL ? &t_func_any : ufunc->uf_func_type;
1206     ++stack->ga_len;
1207 
1208     return OK;
1209 }
1210 
1211 /*
1212  * Generate an ISN_NEWFUNC instruction.
1213  */
1214     static int
1215 generate_NEWFUNC(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *lambda_name, char_u *func_name)
1216 {
1217     isn_T	*isn;
1218     char_u	*name;
1219 
1220     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1221     name = vim_strsave(lambda_name);
1222     if (name == NULL)
1223 	return FAIL;
1224     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_NEWFUNC)) == NULL)
1225 	return FAIL;
1226     isn->isn_arg.newfunc.nf_lambda = name;
1227     isn->isn_arg.newfunc.nf_global = func_name;
1228 
1229     return OK;
1230 }
1231 
1232 /*
1233  * Generate an ISN_JUMP instruction.
1234  */
1235     static int
1236 generate_JUMP(cctx_T *cctx, jumpwhen_T when, int where)
1237 {
1238     isn_T	*isn;
1239     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1240 
1241     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1242     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_JUMP)) == NULL)
1243 	return FAIL;
1244     isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_when = when;
1245     isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = where;
1246 
1247     if (when != JUMP_ALWAYS && stack->ga_len > 0)
1248 	--stack->ga_len;
1249 
1250     return OK;
1251 }
1252 
1253     static int
1254 generate_FOR(cctx_T *cctx, int loop_idx)
1255 {
1256     isn_T	*isn;
1257     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1258 
1259     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1260     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_FOR)) == NULL)
1261 	return FAIL;
1262     isn->isn_arg.forloop.for_idx = loop_idx;
1263 
1264     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
1265 	return FAIL;
1266     // type doesn't matter, will be stored next
1267     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] = &t_any;
1268     ++stack->ga_len;
1269 
1270     return OK;
1271 }
1272 
1273 /*
1274  * Generate an ISN_BCALL instruction.
1275  * "method_call" is TRUE for "value->method()"
1276  * Return FAIL if the number of arguments is wrong.
1277  */
1278     static int
1279 generate_BCALL(cctx_T *cctx, int func_idx, int argcount, int method_call)
1280 {
1281     isn_T	*isn;
1282     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1283     int		argoff;
1284     type_T	*argtypes[MAX_FUNC_ARGS];
1285     int		i;
1286 
1287     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1288     argoff = check_internal_func(func_idx, argcount);
1289     if (argoff < 0)
1290 	return FAIL;
1291 
1292     if (method_call && argoff > 1)
1293     {
1294 	if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_SHUFFLE)) == NULL)
1295 	    return FAIL;
1296 	isn->isn_arg.shuffle.shfl_item = argcount;
1297 	isn->isn_arg.shuffle.shfl_up = argoff - 1;
1298     }
1299 
1300     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_BCALL)) == NULL)
1301 	return FAIL;
1302     isn->isn_arg.bfunc.cbf_idx = func_idx;
1303     isn->isn_arg.bfunc.cbf_argcount = argcount;
1304 
1305     for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
1306 	argtypes[i] = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - argcount + i];
1307 
1308     stack->ga_len -= argcount; // drop the arguments
1309     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
1310 	return FAIL;
1311     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] =
1312 			  internal_func_ret_type(func_idx, argcount, argtypes);
1313     ++stack->ga_len;	    // add return value
1314 
1315     return OK;
1316 }
1317 
1318 /*
1319  * Generate an ISN_DCALL or ISN_UCALL instruction.
1320  * Return FAIL if the number of arguments is wrong.
1321  */
1322     static int
1323 generate_CALL(cctx_T *cctx, ufunc_T *ufunc, int pushed_argcount)
1324 {
1325     isn_T	*isn;
1326     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1327     int		regular_args = ufunc->uf_args.ga_len;
1328     int		argcount = pushed_argcount;
1329 
1330     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1331     if (argcount > regular_args && !has_varargs(ufunc))
1332     {
1333 	semsg(_(e_toomanyarg), ufunc->uf_name);
1334 	return FAIL;
1335     }
1336     if (argcount < regular_args - ufunc->uf_def_args.ga_len)
1337     {
1338 	semsg(_(e_toofewarg), ufunc->uf_name);
1339 	return FAIL;
1340     }
1341 
1342     if (ufunc->uf_def_status != UF_NOT_COMPILED)
1343     {
1344 	int		i;
1345 
1346 	for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
1347 	{
1348 	    type_T *expected;
1349 	    type_T *actual;
1350 
1351 	    if (i < regular_args)
1352 	    {
1353 		if (ufunc->uf_arg_types == NULL)
1354 		    continue;
1355 		expected = ufunc->uf_arg_types[i];
1356 	    }
1357 	    else if (ufunc->uf_va_type == NULL)
1358 		// possibly a lambda
1359 		expected = &t_any;
1360 	    else
1361 		expected = ufunc->uf_va_type->tt_member;
1362 	    actual = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - argcount + i];
1363 	    if (need_type(actual, expected, -argcount + i, cctx, TRUE) == FAIL)
1364 	    {
1365 		arg_type_mismatch(expected, actual, i + 1);
1366 		return FAIL;
1367 	    }
1368 	}
1369 	if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_TO_BE_COMPILED)
1370 	    if (compile_def_function(ufunc, ufunc->uf_ret_type == NULL, NULL)
1371 								       == FAIL)
1372 		return FAIL;
1373     }
1374 
1375     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx,
1376 		    ufunc->uf_def_status != UF_NOT_COMPILED ? ISN_DCALL
1377 							 : ISN_UCALL)) == NULL)
1378 	return FAIL;
1379     if (ufunc->uf_def_status != UF_NOT_COMPILED)
1380     {
1381 	isn->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_idx = ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
1382 	isn->isn_arg.dfunc.cdf_argcount = argcount;
1383     }
1384     else
1385     {
1386 	// A user function may be deleted and redefined later, can't use the
1387 	// ufunc pointer, need to look it up again at runtime.
1388 	isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_name = vim_strsave(ufunc->uf_name);
1389 	isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_argcount = argcount;
1390     }
1391 
1392     stack->ga_len -= argcount; // drop the arguments
1393     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
1394 	return FAIL;
1395     // add return value
1396     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] = ufunc->uf_ret_type;
1397     ++stack->ga_len;
1398 
1399     return OK;
1400 }
1401 
1402 /*
1403  * Generate an ISN_UCALL instruction when the function isn't defined yet.
1404  */
1405     static int
1406 generate_UCALL(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, int argcount)
1407 {
1408     isn_T	*isn;
1409     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1410 
1411     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1412     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_UCALL)) == NULL)
1413 	return FAIL;
1414     isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_name = vim_strsave(name);
1415     isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_argcount = argcount;
1416 
1417     stack->ga_len -= argcount; // drop the arguments
1418     if (ga_grow(stack, 1) == FAIL)
1419 	return FAIL;
1420     // add return value
1421     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len] = &t_any;
1422     ++stack->ga_len;
1423 
1424     return OK;
1425 }
1426 
1427 /*
1428  * Generate an ISN_PCALL instruction.
1429  * "type" is the type of the FuncRef.
1430  */
1431     static int
1432 generate_PCALL(
1433 	cctx_T	*cctx,
1434 	int	argcount,
1435 	char_u	*name,
1436 	type_T	*type,
1437 	int	at_top)
1438 {
1439     isn_T	*isn;
1440     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1441     type_T	*ret_type;
1442 
1443     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1444 
1445     if (type->tt_type == VAR_ANY)
1446 	ret_type = &t_any;
1447     else if (type->tt_type == VAR_FUNC || type->tt_type == VAR_PARTIAL)
1448     {
1449 	if (type->tt_argcount != -1)
1450 	{
1451 	    int	    varargs = (type->tt_flags & TTFLAG_VARARGS) ? 1 : 0;
1452 
1453 	    if (argcount < type->tt_min_argcount - varargs)
1454 	    {
1455 		semsg(_(e_toofewarg), "[reference]");
1456 		return FAIL;
1457 	    }
1458 	    if (!varargs && argcount > type->tt_argcount)
1459 	    {
1460 		semsg(_(e_toomanyarg), "[reference]");
1461 		return FAIL;
1462 	    }
1463 	}
1464 	ret_type = type->tt_member;
1465     }
1466     else
1467     {
1468 	semsg(_(e_not_callable_type_str), name);
1469 	return FAIL;
1470     }
1471 
1472     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_PCALL)) == NULL)
1473 	return FAIL;
1474     isn->isn_arg.pfunc.cpf_top = at_top;
1475     isn->isn_arg.pfunc.cpf_argcount = argcount;
1476 
1477     stack->ga_len -= argcount; // drop the arguments
1478 
1479     // drop the funcref/partial, get back the return value
1480     ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1] = ret_type;
1481 
1482     // If partial is above the arguments it must be cleared and replaced with
1483     // the return value.
1484     if (at_top && generate_instr(cctx, ISN_PCALL_END) == NULL)
1485 	return FAIL;
1486 
1487     return OK;
1488 }
1489 
1490 /*
1491  * Generate an ISN_STRINGMEMBER instruction.
1492  */
1493     static int
1494 generate_STRINGMEMBER(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, size_t len)
1495 {
1496     isn_T	*isn;
1497     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
1498     type_T	*type;
1499 
1500     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1501     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_STRINGMEMBER)) == NULL)
1502 	return FAIL;
1503     isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strnsave(name, len);
1504 
1505     // check for dict type
1506     type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
1507     if (type->tt_type != VAR_DICT && type != &t_any)
1508     {
1509 	emsg(_(e_dictreq));
1510 	return FAIL;
1511     }
1512     // change dict type to dict member type
1513     if (type->tt_type == VAR_DICT)
1514 	((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1] = type->tt_member;
1515 
1516     return OK;
1517 }
1518 
1519 /*
1520  * Generate an ISN_ECHO instruction.
1521  */
1522     static int
1523 generate_ECHO(cctx_T *cctx, int with_white, int count)
1524 {
1525     isn_T	*isn;
1526 
1527     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1528     if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_ECHO, count)) == NULL)
1529 	return FAIL;
1530     isn->isn_arg.echo.echo_with_white = with_white;
1531     isn->isn_arg.echo.echo_count = count;
1532 
1533     return OK;
1534 }
1535 
1536 /*
1537  * Generate an ISN_EXECUTE/ISN_ECHOMSG/ISN_ECHOERR instruction.
1538  */
1539     static int
1540 generate_MULT_EXPR(cctx_T *cctx, isntype_T isn_type, int count)
1541 {
1542     isn_T	*isn;
1543 
1544     if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, isn_type, count)) == NULL)
1545 	return FAIL;
1546     isn->isn_arg.number = count;
1547 
1548     return OK;
1549 }
1550 
1551     static int
1552 generate_EXEC(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *line)
1553 {
1554     isn_T	*isn;
1555 
1556     RETURN_OK_IF_SKIP(cctx);
1557     if ((isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_EXEC)) == NULL)
1558 	return FAIL;
1559     isn->isn_arg.string = vim_strsave(line);
1560     return OK;
1561 }
1562 
1563     static int
1564 generate_EXECCONCAT(cctx_T *cctx, int count)
1565 {
1566     isn_T	*isn;
1567 
1568     if ((isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_EXECCONCAT, count)) == NULL)
1569 	return FAIL;
1570     isn->isn_arg.number = count;
1571     return OK;
1572 }
1573 
1574 /*
1575  * Reserve space for a local variable.
1576  * Return the variable or NULL if it failed.
1577  */
1578     static lvar_T *
1579 reserve_local(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name, size_t len, int isConst, type_T *type)
1580 {
1581     lvar_T  *lvar;
1582 
1583     if (lookup_arg(name, len, NULL, NULL, NULL, cctx) == OK)
1584     {
1585 	emsg_namelen(_(e_str_is_used_as_argument), name, (int)len);
1586 	return NULL;
1587     }
1588 
1589     if (ga_grow(&cctx->ctx_locals, 1) == FAIL)
1590 	return NULL;
1591     lvar = ((lvar_T *)cctx->ctx_locals.ga_data) + cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len++;
1592 
1593     // Every local variable uses the next entry on the stack.  We could re-use
1594     // the last ones when leaving a scope, but then variables used in a closure
1595     // might get overwritten.  To keep things simple do not re-use stack
1596     // entries.  This is less efficient, but memory is cheap these days.
1597     lvar->lv_idx = cctx->ctx_locals_count++;
1598 
1599     lvar->lv_name = vim_strnsave(name, len == 0 ? STRLEN(name) : len);
1600     lvar->lv_const = isConst;
1601     lvar->lv_type = type;
1602 
1603     return lvar;
1604 }
1605 
1606 /*
1607  * Remove local variables above "new_top".
1608  */
1609     static void
1610 unwind_locals(cctx_T *cctx, int new_top)
1611 {
1612     if (cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len > new_top)
1613     {
1614 	int	idx;
1615 	lvar_T	*lvar;
1616 
1617 	for (idx = new_top; idx < cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len; ++idx)
1618 	{
1619 	    lvar = ((lvar_T *)cctx->ctx_locals.ga_data) + idx;
1620 	    vim_free(lvar->lv_name);
1621 	}
1622     }
1623     cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len = new_top;
1624 }
1625 
1626 /*
1627  * Free all local variables.
1628  */
1629     static void
1630 free_locals(cctx_T *cctx)
1631 {
1632     unwind_locals(cctx, 0);
1633     ga_clear(&cctx->ctx_locals);
1634 }
1635 
1636 /*
1637  * Find "name" in script-local items of script "sid".
1638  * Returns the index in "sn_var_vals" if found.
1639  * If found but not in "sn_var_vals" returns -1.
1640  * If not found returns -2.
1641  */
1642     int
1643 get_script_item_idx(int sid, char_u *name, int check_writable)
1644 {
1645     hashtab_T	    *ht;
1646     dictitem_T	    *di;
1647     scriptitem_T    *si = SCRIPT_ITEM(sid);
1648     int		    idx;
1649 
1650     // First look the name up in the hashtable.
1651     if (sid <= 0 || sid > script_items.ga_len)
1652 	return -1;
1653     ht = &SCRIPT_VARS(sid);
1654     di = find_var_in_ht(ht, 0, name, TRUE);
1655     if (di == NULL)
1656 	return -2;
1657 
1658     // Now find the svar_T index in sn_var_vals.
1659     for (idx = 0; idx < si->sn_var_vals.ga_len; ++idx)
1660     {
1661 	svar_T    *sv = ((svar_T *)si->sn_var_vals.ga_data) + idx;
1662 
1663 	if (sv->sv_tv == &di->di_tv)
1664 	{
1665 	    if (check_writable && sv->sv_const)
1666 		semsg(_(e_readonlyvar), name);
1667 	    return idx;
1668 	}
1669     }
1670     return -1;
1671 }
1672 
1673 /*
1674  * Find "name" in imported items of the current script or in "cctx" if not
1675  * NULL.
1676  */
1677     imported_T *
1678 find_imported(char_u *name, size_t len, cctx_T *cctx)
1679 {
1680     int		    idx;
1681 
1682     if (current_sctx.sc_sid <= 0)
1683 	return NULL;
1684     if (cctx != NULL)
1685 	for (idx = 0; idx < cctx->ctx_imports.ga_len; ++idx)
1686 	{
1687 	    imported_T *import = ((imported_T *)cctx->ctx_imports.ga_data)
1688 									 + idx;
1689 
1690 	    if (len == 0 ? STRCMP(name, import->imp_name) == 0
1691 			 : STRLEN(import->imp_name) == len
1692 				  && STRNCMP(name, import->imp_name, len) == 0)
1693 		return import;
1694 	}
1695 
1696     return find_imported_in_script(name, len, current_sctx.sc_sid);
1697 }
1698 
1699     imported_T *
1700 find_imported_in_script(char_u *name, size_t len, int sid)
1701 {
1702     scriptitem_T    *si = SCRIPT_ITEM(sid);
1703     int		    idx;
1704 
1705     for (idx = 0; idx < si->sn_imports.ga_len; ++idx)
1706     {
1707 	imported_T *import = ((imported_T *)si->sn_imports.ga_data) + idx;
1708 
1709 	if (len == 0 ? STRCMP(name, import->imp_name) == 0
1710 		     : STRLEN(import->imp_name) == len
1711 				  && STRNCMP(name, import->imp_name, len) == 0)
1712 	    return import;
1713     }
1714     return NULL;
1715 }
1716 
1717 /*
1718  * Free all imported variables.
1719  */
1720     static void
1721 free_imported(cctx_T *cctx)
1722 {
1723     int idx;
1724 
1725     for (idx = 0; idx < cctx->ctx_imports.ga_len; ++idx)
1726     {
1727 	imported_T *import = ((imported_T *)cctx->ctx_imports.ga_data) + idx;
1728 
1729 	vim_free(import->imp_name);
1730     }
1731     ga_clear(&cctx->ctx_imports);
1732 }
1733 
1734 /*
1735  * Return TRUE if "p" points at a "#" but not at "#{".
1736  */
1737     int
1738 vim9_comment_start(char_u *p)
1739 {
1740     return p[0] == '#' && p[1] != '{';
1741 }
1742 
1743 /*
1744  * Return a pointer to the next line that isn't empty or only contains a
1745  * comment. Skips over white space.
1746  * Returns NULL if there is none.
1747  */
1748     char_u *
1749 peek_next_line_from_context(cctx_T *cctx)
1750 {
1751     int lnum = cctx->ctx_lnum;
1752 
1753     while (++lnum < cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_lines.ga_len)
1754     {
1755 	char_u *line = ((char_u **)cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_lines.ga_data)[lnum];
1756 	char_u *p;
1757 
1758 	// ignore NULLs inserted for continuation lines
1759 	if (line != NULL)
1760 	{
1761 	    p = skipwhite(line);
1762 	    if (*p != NUL && !vim9_comment_start(p))
1763 		return p;
1764 	}
1765     }
1766     return NULL;
1767 }
1768 
1769 /*
1770  * Called when checking for a following operator at "arg".  When the rest of
1771  * the line is empty or only a comment, peek the next line.  If there is a next
1772  * line return a pointer to it and set "nextp".
1773  * Otherwise skip over white space.
1774  */
1775     static char_u *
1776 may_peek_next_line(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *arg, char_u **nextp)
1777 {
1778     char_u *p = skipwhite(arg);
1779 
1780     *nextp = NULL;
1781     if (*p == NUL || (VIM_ISWHITE(*arg) && vim9_comment_start(p)))
1782     {
1783 	*nextp = peek_next_line_from_context(cctx);
1784 	if (*nextp != NULL)
1785 	    return *nextp;
1786     }
1787     return p;
1788 }
1789 
1790 /*
1791  * Get the next line of the function from "cctx".
1792  * Skips over empty lines.  Skips over comment lines if "skip_comment" is TRUE.
1793  * Returns NULL when at the end.
1794  */
1795     char_u *
1796 next_line_from_context(cctx_T *cctx, int skip_comment)
1797 {
1798     char_u	*line;
1799 
1800     do
1801     {
1802 	++cctx->ctx_lnum;
1803 	if (cctx->ctx_lnum >= cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_lines.ga_len)
1804 	{
1805 	    line = NULL;
1806 	    break;
1807 	}
1808 	line = ((char_u **)cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_lines.ga_data)[cctx->ctx_lnum];
1809 	cctx->ctx_line_start = line;
1810 	SOURCING_LNUM = cctx->ctx_lnum + 1;
1811     } while (line == NULL || *skipwhite(line) == NUL
1812 		     || (skip_comment && vim9_comment_start(skipwhite(line))));
1813     return line;
1814 }
1815 
1816 /*
1817  * If "*arg" is at the end of the line, advance to the next line.
1818  * Also when "whitep" points to white space and "*arg" is on a "#".
1819  * Return FAIL if beyond the last line, "*arg" is unmodified then.
1820  */
1821     static int
1822 may_get_next_line(char_u *whitep, char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
1823 {
1824     if (**arg == NUL || (VIM_ISWHITE(*whitep) && vim9_comment_start(*arg)))
1825     {
1826 	char_u *next = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
1827 
1828 	if (next == NULL)
1829 	    return FAIL;
1830 	*arg = skipwhite(next);
1831     }
1832     return OK;
1833 }
1834 
1835 /*
1836  * Idem, and give an error when failed.
1837  */
1838     static int
1839 may_get_next_line_error(char_u *whitep, char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
1840 {
1841     if (may_get_next_line(whitep, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
1842     {
1843 	emsg(_(e_line_incomplete));
1844 	return FAIL;
1845     }
1846     return OK;
1847 }
1848 
1849 
1850 // Structure passed between the compile_expr* functions to keep track of
1851 // constants that have been parsed but for which no code was produced yet.  If
1852 // possible expressions on these constants are applied at compile time.  If
1853 // that is not possible, the code to push the constants needs to be generated
1854 // before other instructions.
1855 // Using 50 should be more than enough of 5 levels of ().
1856 #define PPSIZE 50
1857 typedef struct {
1858     typval_T	pp_tv[PPSIZE];	// stack of ppconst constants
1859     int		pp_used;	// active entries in pp_tv[]
1860 } ppconst_T;
1861 
1862 static int compile_expr0(char_u **arg,  cctx_T *cctx);
1863 static int compile_expr1(char_u **arg,  cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst);
1864 
1865 /*
1866  * Generate a PUSH instruction for "tv".
1867  * "tv" will be consumed or cleared.
1868  * Nothing happens if "tv" is NULL or of type VAR_UNKNOWN;
1869  */
1870     static int
1871 generate_tv_PUSH(cctx_T *cctx, typval_T *tv)
1872 {
1873     if (tv != NULL)
1874     {
1875 	switch (tv->v_type)
1876 	{
1877 	    case VAR_UNKNOWN:
1878 		break;
1879 	    case VAR_BOOL:
1880 		generate_PUSHBOOL(cctx, tv->vval.v_number);
1881 		break;
1882 	    case VAR_SPECIAL:
1883 		generate_PUSHSPEC(cctx, tv->vval.v_number);
1884 		break;
1885 	    case VAR_NUMBER:
1886 		generate_PUSHNR(cctx, tv->vval.v_number);
1887 		break;
1888 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
1889 	    case VAR_FLOAT:
1890 		generate_PUSHF(cctx, tv->vval.v_float);
1891 		break;
1892 #endif
1893 	    case VAR_BLOB:
1894 		generate_PUSHBLOB(cctx, tv->vval.v_blob);
1895 		tv->vval.v_blob = NULL;
1896 		break;
1897 	    case VAR_STRING:
1898 		generate_PUSHS(cctx, tv->vval.v_string);
1899 		tv->vval.v_string = NULL;
1900 		break;
1901 	    default:
1902 		iemsg("constant type not supported");
1903 		clear_tv(tv);
1904 		return FAIL;
1905 	}
1906 	tv->v_type = VAR_UNKNOWN;
1907     }
1908     return OK;
1909 }
1910 
1911 /*
1912  * Generate code for any ppconst entries.
1913  */
1914     static int
1915 generate_ppconst(cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
1916 {
1917     int	    i;
1918     int	    ret = OK;
1919     int	    save_skip = cctx->ctx_skip;
1920 
1921     cctx->ctx_skip = SKIP_NOT;
1922     for (i = 0; i < ppconst->pp_used; ++i)
1923 	if (generate_tv_PUSH(cctx, &ppconst->pp_tv[i]) == FAIL)
1924 	    ret = FAIL;
1925     ppconst->pp_used = 0;
1926     cctx->ctx_skip = save_skip;
1927     return ret;
1928 }
1929 
1930 /*
1931  * Clear ppconst constants.  Used when failing.
1932  */
1933     static void
1934 clear_ppconst(ppconst_T *ppconst)
1935 {
1936     int	    i;
1937 
1938     for (i = 0; i < ppconst->pp_used; ++i)
1939 	clear_tv(&ppconst->pp_tv[i]);
1940     ppconst->pp_used = 0;
1941 }
1942 
1943 /*
1944  * Generate an instruction to load script-local variable "name", without the
1945  * leading "s:".
1946  * Also finds imported variables.
1947  */
1948     static int
1949 compile_load_scriptvar(
1950 	cctx_T *cctx,
1951 	char_u *name,	    // variable NUL terminated
1952 	char_u *start,	    // start of variable
1953 	char_u **end,	    // end of variable
1954 	int    error)	    // when TRUE may give error
1955 {
1956     scriptitem_T    *si = SCRIPT_ITEM(current_sctx.sc_sid);
1957     int		    idx = get_script_item_idx(current_sctx.sc_sid, name, FALSE);
1958     imported_T	    *import;
1959 
1960     if (idx == -1 || si->sn_version != SCRIPT_VERSION_VIM9)
1961     {
1962 	// variable is not in sn_var_vals: old style script.
1963 	return generate_OLDSCRIPT(cctx, ISN_LOADS, name, current_sctx.sc_sid,
1964 								       &t_any);
1965     }
1966     if (idx >= 0)
1967     {
1968 	svar_T		*sv = ((svar_T *)si->sn_var_vals.ga_data) + idx;
1969 
1970 	generate_VIM9SCRIPT(cctx, ISN_LOADSCRIPT,
1971 					current_sctx.sc_sid, idx, sv->sv_type);
1972 	return OK;
1973     }
1974 
1975     import = find_imported(name, 0, cctx);
1976     if (import != NULL)
1977     {
1978 	if (import->imp_all)
1979 	{
1980 	    char_u	*p = skipwhite(*end);
1981 	    char_u	*exp_name;
1982 	    int		cc;
1983 	    ufunc_T	*ufunc;
1984 	    type_T	*type;
1985 
1986 	    // Used "import * as Name", need to lookup the member.
1987 	    if (*p != '.')
1988 	    {
1989 		semsg(_(e_expected_dot_after_name_str), start);
1990 		return FAIL;
1991 	    }
1992 	    ++p;
1993 	    if (VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
1994 	    {
1995 		emsg(_(e_no_white_space_allowed_after_dot));
1996 		return FAIL;
1997 	    }
1998 
1999 	    // isolate one name
2000 	    exp_name = p;
2001 	    while (eval_isnamec(*p))
2002 		++p;
2003 	    cc = *p;
2004 	    *p = NUL;
2005 
2006 	    idx = find_exported(import->imp_sid, exp_name, &ufunc, &type);
2007 	    *p = cc;
2008 	    p = skipwhite(p);
2009 
2010 	    // TODO: what if it is a function?
2011 	    if (idx < 0)
2012 		return FAIL;
2013 	    *end = p;
2014 
2015 	    generate_VIM9SCRIPT(cctx, ISN_LOADSCRIPT,
2016 		    import->imp_sid,
2017 		    idx,
2018 		    type);
2019 	}
2020 	else if (import->imp_funcname != NULL)
2021 	    generate_PUSHFUNC(cctx, import->imp_funcname, import->imp_type);
2022 	else
2023 	    generate_VIM9SCRIPT(cctx, ISN_LOADSCRIPT,
2024 		    import->imp_sid,
2025 		    import->imp_var_vals_idx,
2026 		    import->imp_type);
2027 	return OK;
2028     }
2029 
2030     if (error)
2031 	semsg(_(e_item_not_found_str), name);
2032     return FAIL;
2033 }
2034 
2035     static int
2036 generate_funcref(cctx_T *cctx, char_u *name)
2037 {
2038     ufunc_T *ufunc = find_func(name, FALSE, cctx);
2039 
2040     if (ufunc == NULL)
2041 	return FAIL;
2042 
2043     // Need to compile any default values to get the argument types.
2044     if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_TO_BE_COMPILED)
2045 	if (compile_def_function(ufunc, TRUE, NULL) == FAIL)
2046 	    return FAIL;
2047     return generate_PUSHFUNC(cctx, ufunc->uf_name, ufunc->uf_func_type);
2048 }
2049 
2050 /*
2051  * Compile a variable name into a load instruction.
2052  * "end" points to just after the name.
2053  * When "error" is FALSE do not give an error when not found.
2054  */
2055     static int
2056 compile_load(char_u **arg, char_u *end_arg, cctx_T *cctx, int error)
2057 {
2058     type_T	*type;
2059     char_u	*name = NULL;
2060     char_u	*end = end_arg;
2061     int		res = FAIL;
2062     int		prev_called_emsg = called_emsg;
2063 
2064     if (*(*arg + 1) == ':')
2065     {
2066 	// load namespaced variable
2067 	if (end <= *arg + 2)
2068 	{
2069 	    isntype_T  isn_type;
2070 
2071 	    switch (**arg)
2072 	    {
2073 		case 'g': isn_type = ISN_LOADGDICT; break;
2074 		case 'w': isn_type = ISN_LOADWDICT; break;
2075 		case 't': isn_type = ISN_LOADTDICT; break;
2076 		case 'b': isn_type = ISN_LOADBDICT; break;
2077 		default:
2078 		    semsg(_(e_namespace_not_supported_str), *arg);
2079 		    goto theend;
2080 	    }
2081 	    if (generate_instr_type(cctx, isn_type, &t_dict_any) == NULL)
2082 		goto theend;
2083 	    res = OK;
2084 	}
2085 	else
2086 	{
2087 	    isntype_T  isn_type = ISN_DROP;
2088 
2089 	    name = vim_strnsave(*arg + 2, end - (*arg + 2));
2090 	    if (name == NULL)
2091 		return FAIL;
2092 
2093 	    switch (**arg)
2094 	    {
2095 		case 'v': res = generate_LOADV(cctx, name, error);
2096 			  break;
2097 		case 's': res = compile_load_scriptvar(cctx, name,
2098 							    NULL, NULL, error);
2099 			  break;
2100 		case 'g': isn_type = ISN_LOADG; break;
2101 		case 'w': isn_type = ISN_LOADW; break;
2102 		case 't': isn_type = ISN_LOADT; break;
2103 		case 'b': isn_type = ISN_LOADB; break;
2104 		default:  semsg(_(e_namespace_not_supported_str), *arg);
2105 			  goto theend;
2106 	    }
2107 	    if (isn_type != ISN_DROP)
2108 	    {
2109 		// Global, Buffer-local, Window-local and Tabpage-local
2110 		// variables can be defined later, thus we don't check if it
2111 		// exists, give error at runtime.
2112 		res = generate_LOAD(cctx, isn_type, 0, name, &t_any);
2113 	    }
2114 	}
2115     }
2116     else
2117     {
2118 	size_t	    len = end - *arg;
2119 	int	    idx;
2120 	int	    gen_load = FALSE;
2121 	int	    gen_load_outer = FALSE;
2122 
2123 	name = vim_strnsave(*arg, end - *arg);
2124 	if (name == NULL)
2125 	    return FAIL;
2126 
2127 	if (lookup_arg(*arg, len, &idx, &type, &gen_load_outer, cctx) == OK)
2128 	{
2129 	    if (!gen_load_outer)
2130 		gen_load = TRUE;
2131 	}
2132 	else
2133 	{
2134 	    lvar_T *lvar = lookup_local(*arg, len, cctx);
2135 
2136 	    if (lvar != NULL)
2137 	    {
2138 		type = lvar->lv_type;
2139 		idx = lvar->lv_idx;
2140 		if (lvar->lv_from_outer)
2141 		    gen_load_outer = TRUE;
2142 		else
2143 		    gen_load = TRUE;
2144 	    }
2145 	    else
2146 	    {
2147 		// "var" can be script-local even without using "s:" if it
2148 		// already exists.
2149 		if (SCRIPT_ITEM(current_sctx.sc_sid)->sn_version
2150 						    == SCRIPT_VERSION_VIM9
2151 			    || lookup_script(*arg, len) == OK)
2152 		   res = compile_load_scriptvar(cctx, name, *arg, &end,
2153 								    FALSE);
2154 
2155 		// When the name starts with an uppercase letter or "x:" it
2156 		// can be a user defined function.
2157 		if (res == FAIL && (ASCII_ISUPPER(*name) || name[1] == ':'))
2158 		    res = generate_funcref(cctx, name);
2159 	    }
2160 	}
2161 	if (gen_load)
2162 	    res = generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOAD, idx, NULL, type);
2163 	if (gen_load_outer)
2164 	{
2165 	    res = generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADOUTER, idx, NULL, type);
2166 	    cctx->ctx_outer_used = TRUE;
2167 	}
2168     }
2169 
2170     *arg = end;
2171 
2172 theend:
2173     if (res == FAIL && error && called_emsg == prev_called_emsg)
2174 	semsg(_(e_variable_not_found_str), name);
2175     vim_free(name);
2176     return res;
2177 }
2178 
2179 /*
2180  * Compile the argument expressions.
2181  * "arg" points to just after the "(" and is advanced to after the ")"
2182  */
2183     static int
2184 compile_arguments(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, int *argcount)
2185 {
2186     char_u  *p = *arg;
2187     char_u  *whitep = *arg;
2188 
2189     for (;;)
2190     {
2191 	if (may_get_next_line(whitep, &p, cctx) == FAIL)
2192 	    goto failret;
2193 	if (*p == ')')
2194 	{
2195 	    *arg = p + 1;
2196 	    return OK;
2197 	}
2198 
2199 	if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
2200 	    return FAIL;
2201 	++*argcount;
2202 
2203 	if (*p != ',' && *skipwhite(p) == ',')
2204 	{
2205 	    semsg(_(e_no_white_space_allowed_before), ",");
2206 	    p = skipwhite(p);
2207 	}
2208 	if (*p == ',')
2209 	{
2210 	    ++p;
2211 	    if (*p != NUL && !VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
2212 		semsg(_(e_white_space_required_after), ",");
2213 	}
2214 	whitep = p;
2215 	p = skipwhite(p);
2216     }
2217 failret:
2218     emsg(_(e_missing_close));
2219     return FAIL;
2220 }
2221 
2222 /*
2223  * Compile a function call:  name(arg1, arg2)
2224  * "arg" points to "name", "arg + varlen" to the "(".
2225  * "argcount_init" is 1 for "value->method()"
2226  * Instructions:
2227  *	EVAL arg1
2228  *	EVAL arg2
2229  *	BCALL / DCALL / UCALL
2230  */
2231     static int
2232 compile_call(
2233 	char_u	    **arg,
2234 	size_t	    varlen,
2235 	cctx_T	    *cctx,
2236 	ppconst_T   *ppconst,
2237 	int	    argcount_init)
2238 {
2239     char_u	*name = *arg;
2240     char_u	*p;
2241     int		argcount = argcount_init;
2242     char_u	namebuf[100];
2243     char_u	fname_buf[FLEN_FIXED + 1];
2244     char_u	*tofree = NULL;
2245     int		error = FCERR_NONE;
2246     ufunc_T	*ufunc;
2247     int		res = FAIL;
2248     int		is_autoload;
2249 
2250     // we can evaluate "has('name')" at compile time
2251     if (varlen == 3 && STRNCMP(*arg, "has", 3) == 0)
2252     {
2253 	char_u	    *s = skipwhite(*arg + varlen + 1);
2254 	typval_T    argvars[2];
2255 
2256 	argvars[0].v_type = VAR_UNKNOWN;
2257 	if (*s == '"')
2258 	    (void)eval_string(&s, &argvars[0], TRUE);
2259 	else if (*s == '\'')
2260 	    (void)eval_lit_string(&s, &argvars[0], TRUE);
2261 	s = skipwhite(s);
2262 	if (*s == ')' && argvars[0].v_type == VAR_STRING)
2263 	{
2264 	    typval_T	*tv = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst->pp_used];
2265 
2266 	    *arg = s + 1;
2267 	    argvars[1].v_type = VAR_UNKNOWN;
2268 	    tv->v_type = VAR_NUMBER;
2269 	    tv->vval.v_number = 0;
2270 	    f_has(argvars, tv);
2271 	    clear_tv(&argvars[0]);
2272 	    ++ppconst->pp_used;
2273 	    return OK;
2274 	}
2275 	clear_tv(&argvars[0]);
2276     }
2277 
2278     if (generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
2279 	return FAIL;
2280 
2281     if (varlen >= sizeof(namebuf))
2282     {
2283 	semsg(_(e_name_too_long_str), name);
2284 	return FAIL;
2285     }
2286     vim_strncpy(namebuf, *arg, varlen);
2287     name = fname_trans_sid(namebuf, fname_buf, &tofree, &error);
2288 
2289     *arg = skipwhite(*arg + varlen + 1);
2290     if (compile_arguments(arg, cctx, &argcount) == FAIL)
2291 	goto theend;
2292 
2293     is_autoload = vim_strchr(name, '#') != NULL;
2294     if (ASCII_ISLOWER(*name) && name[1] != ':' && !is_autoload)
2295     {
2296 	int	    idx;
2297 
2298 	// builtin function
2299 	idx = find_internal_func(name);
2300 	if (idx >= 0)
2301 	    res = generate_BCALL(cctx, idx, argcount, argcount_init == 1);
2302 	else
2303 	    semsg(_(e_unknownfunc), namebuf);
2304 	goto theend;
2305     }
2306 
2307     // If we can find the function by name generate the right call.
2308     ufunc = find_func(name, FALSE, cctx);
2309     if (ufunc != NULL)
2310     {
2311 	res = generate_CALL(cctx, ufunc, argcount);
2312 	goto theend;
2313     }
2314 
2315     // If the name is a variable, load it and use PCALL.
2316     // Not for g:Func(), we don't know if it is a variable or not.
2317     // Not for eome#Func(), it will be loaded later.
2318     p = namebuf;
2319     if (STRNCMP(namebuf, "g:", 2) != 0 && !is_autoload
2320 	    && compile_load(&p, namebuf + varlen, cctx, FALSE) == OK)
2321     {
2322 	garray_T    *stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
2323 	type_T	    *type;
2324 
2325 	type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
2326 	res = generate_PCALL(cctx, argcount, namebuf, type, FALSE);
2327 	goto theend;
2328     }
2329 
2330     // A global function may be defined only later.  Need to figure out at
2331     // runtime.  Also handles a FuncRef at runtime.
2332     if (STRNCMP(namebuf, "g:", 2) == 0 || is_autoload)
2333 	res = generate_UCALL(cctx, name, argcount);
2334     else
2335 	semsg(_(e_unknownfunc), namebuf);
2336 
2337 theend:
2338     vim_free(tofree);
2339     return res;
2340 }
2341 
2342 // like NAMESPACE_CHAR but with 'a' and 'l'.
2343 #define VIM9_NAMESPACE_CHAR	(char_u *)"bgstvw"
2344 
2345 /*
2346  * Find the end of a variable or function name.  Unlike find_name_end() this
2347  * does not recognize magic braces.
2348  * When "namespace" is TRUE recognize "b:", "s:", etc.
2349  * Return a pointer to just after the name.  Equal to "arg" if there is no
2350  * valid name.
2351  */
2352     static char_u *
2353 to_name_end(char_u *arg, int namespace)
2354 {
2355     char_u	*p;
2356 
2357     // Quick check for valid starting character.
2358     if (!eval_isnamec1(*arg))
2359 	return arg;
2360 
2361     for (p = arg + 1; *p != NUL && eval_isnamec(*p); MB_PTR_ADV(p))
2362 	// Include a namespace such as "s:var" and "v:var".  But "n:" is not
2363 	// and can be used in slice "[n:]".
2364 	if (*p == ':' && (p != arg + 1
2365 			     || !namespace
2366 			     || vim_strchr(VIM9_NAMESPACE_CHAR, *arg) == NULL))
2367 	    break;
2368     return p;
2369 }
2370 
2371 /*
2372  * Like to_name_end() but also skip over a list or dict constant.
2373  * This intentionally does not handle line continuation.
2374  */
2375     char_u *
2376 to_name_const_end(char_u *arg)
2377 {
2378     char_u	*p = to_name_end(arg, TRUE);
2379     typval_T	rettv;
2380 
2381     if (p == arg && *arg == '[')
2382     {
2383 
2384 	// Can be "[1, 2, 3]->Func()".
2385 	if (eval_list(&p, &rettv, NULL, FALSE) == FAIL)
2386 	    p = arg;
2387     }
2388     else if (p == arg && *arg == '#' && arg[1] == '{')
2389     {
2390 	// Can be "#{a: 1}->Func()".
2391 	++p;
2392 	if (eval_dict(&p, &rettv, NULL, TRUE) == FAIL)
2393 	    p = arg;
2394     }
2395 
2396     return p;
2397 }
2398 
2399 /*
2400  * parse a list: [expr, expr]
2401  * "*arg" points to the '['.
2402  */
2403     static int
2404 compile_list(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
2405 {
2406     char_u	*p = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
2407     char_u	*whitep = *arg + 1;
2408     int		count = 0;
2409 
2410     for (;;)
2411     {
2412 	if (may_get_next_line(whitep, &p, cctx) == FAIL)
2413 	{
2414 	    semsg(_(e_list_end), *arg);
2415 	    return FAIL;
2416 	}
2417 	if (*p == ',')
2418 	{
2419 	    semsg(_(e_no_white_space_allowed_before), ",");
2420 	    return FAIL;
2421 	}
2422 	if (*p == ']')
2423 	{
2424 	    ++p;
2425 	    break;
2426 	}
2427 	if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
2428 	    break;
2429 	++count;
2430 	if (*p == ',')
2431 	{
2432 	    ++p;
2433 	    if (*p != ']' && !IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(*p))
2434 	    {
2435 		semsg(_(e_white_space_required_after), ",");
2436 		return FAIL;
2437 	    }
2438 	}
2439 	whitep = p;
2440 	p = skipwhite(p);
2441     }
2442     *arg = p;
2443 
2444     generate_NEWLIST(cctx, count);
2445     return OK;
2446 }
2447 
2448 /*
2449  * parse a lambda: {arg, arg -> expr}
2450  * "*arg" points to the '{'.
2451  */
2452     static int
2453 compile_lambda(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
2454 {
2455     typval_T	rettv;
2456     ufunc_T	*ufunc;
2457     evalarg_T	evalarg;
2458 
2459     CLEAR_FIELD(evalarg);
2460     evalarg.eval_flags = EVAL_EVALUATE;
2461     evalarg.eval_cctx = cctx;
2462 
2463     // Get the funcref in "rettv".
2464     if (get_lambda_tv(arg, &rettv, &evalarg) != OK)
2465 	return FAIL;
2466 
2467     ufunc = rettv.vval.v_partial->pt_func;
2468     ++ufunc->uf_refcount;
2469     clear_tv(&rettv);
2470     ga_init2(&ufunc->uf_type_list, sizeof(type_T *), 10);
2471 
2472     // The function will have one line: "return {expr}".
2473     // Compile it into instructions.
2474     compile_def_function(ufunc, TRUE, cctx);
2475 
2476     clear_evalarg(&evalarg, NULL);
2477 
2478     if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_COMPILED)
2479     {
2480 	// The return type will now be known.
2481 	set_function_type(ufunc);
2482 
2483 	return generate_FUNCREF(cctx, ufunc);
2484     }
2485 
2486     func_ptr_unref(ufunc);
2487     return FAIL;
2488 }
2489 
2490 /*
2491  * Compile a lamda call: expr->{lambda}(args)
2492  * "arg" points to the "{".
2493  */
2494     static int
2495 compile_lambda_call(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
2496 {
2497     ufunc_T	*ufunc;
2498     typval_T	rettv;
2499     int		argcount = 1;
2500     int		ret = FAIL;
2501 
2502     // Get the funcref in "rettv".
2503     if (get_lambda_tv(arg, &rettv, &EVALARG_EVALUATE) == FAIL)
2504 	return FAIL;
2505 
2506     if (**arg != '(')
2507     {
2508 	if (*skipwhite(*arg) == '(')
2509 	    emsg(_(e_nowhitespace));
2510 	else
2511 	    semsg(_(e_missing_paren), "lambda");
2512 	clear_tv(&rettv);
2513 	return FAIL;
2514     }
2515 
2516     ufunc = rettv.vval.v_partial->pt_func;
2517     ++ufunc->uf_refcount;
2518     clear_tv(&rettv);
2519     ga_init2(&ufunc->uf_type_list, sizeof(type_T *), 10);
2520 
2521     // The function will have one line: "return {expr}".
2522     // Compile it into instructions.
2523     compile_def_function(ufunc, TRUE, cctx);
2524 
2525     // compile the arguments
2526     *arg = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
2527     if (compile_arguments(arg, cctx, &argcount) == OK)
2528 	// call the compiled function
2529 	ret = generate_CALL(cctx, ufunc, argcount);
2530 
2531     if (ret == FAIL)
2532 	func_ptr_unref(ufunc);
2533     return ret;
2534 }
2535 
2536 /*
2537  * parse a dict: {'key': val} or #{key: val}
2538  * "*arg" points to the '{'.
2539  */
2540     static int
2541 compile_dict(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, int literal)
2542 {
2543     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
2544     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
2545     int		count = 0;
2546     dict_T	*d = dict_alloc();
2547     dictitem_T	*item;
2548     char_u	*whitep = *arg;
2549     char_u	*p;
2550 
2551     if (d == NULL)
2552 	return FAIL;
2553     *arg = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
2554     for (;;)
2555     {
2556 	char_u *key = NULL;
2557 
2558 	if (may_get_next_line(whitep, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
2559 	{
2560 	    *arg = NULL;
2561 	    goto failret;
2562 	}
2563 
2564 	if (**arg == '}')
2565 	    break;
2566 
2567 	if (literal)
2568 	{
2569 	    char_u *end = to_name_end(*arg, !literal);
2570 
2571 	    if (end == *arg)
2572 	    {
2573 		semsg(_(e_invalid_key_str), *arg);
2574 		return FAIL;
2575 	    }
2576 	    key = vim_strnsave(*arg, end - *arg);
2577 	    if (generate_PUSHS(cctx, key) == FAIL)
2578 		return FAIL;
2579 	    *arg = end;
2580 	}
2581 	else
2582 	{
2583 	    isn_T		*isn;
2584 
2585 	    if (compile_expr0(arg, cctx) == FAIL)
2586 		return FAIL;
2587 	    isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + instr->ga_len - 1;
2588 	    if (isn->isn_type == ISN_PUSHS)
2589 		key = isn->isn_arg.string;
2590 	    else
2591 	    {
2592 		type_T *keytype = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)
2593 							   [stack->ga_len - 1];
2594 		if (need_type(keytype, &t_string, -1, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
2595 		    return FAIL;
2596 	    }
2597 	}
2598 
2599 	// Check for duplicate keys, if using string keys.
2600 	if (key != NULL)
2601 	{
2602 	    item = dict_find(d, key, -1);
2603 	    if (item != NULL)
2604 	    {
2605 		semsg(_(e_duplicate_key), key);
2606 		goto failret;
2607 	    }
2608 	    item = dictitem_alloc(key);
2609 	    if (item != NULL)
2610 	    {
2611 		item->di_tv.v_type = VAR_UNKNOWN;
2612 		item->di_tv.v_lock = 0;
2613 		if (dict_add(d, item) == FAIL)
2614 		    dictitem_free(item);
2615 	    }
2616 	}
2617 
2618 	if (**arg != ':')
2619 	{
2620 	    if (*skipwhite(*arg) == ':')
2621 		semsg(_(e_no_white_space_allowed_before), ":");
2622 	    else
2623 		semsg(_(e_missing_dict_colon), *arg);
2624 	    return FAIL;
2625 	}
2626 	whitep = *arg + 1;
2627 	if (!IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(*whitep))
2628 	{
2629 	    semsg(_(e_white_space_required_after), ":");
2630 	    return FAIL;
2631 	}
2632 
2633 	*arg = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
2634 	if (may_get_next_line(whitep, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
2635 	{
2636 	    *arg = NULL;
2637 	    goto failret;
2638 	}
2639 
2640 	if (compile_expr0(arg, cctx) == FAIL)
2641 	    return FAIL;
2642 	++count;
2643 
2644 	whitep = *arg;
2645 	*arg = skipwhite(*arg);
2646 	if (may_get_next_line(whitep, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
2647 	{
2648 	    *arg = NULL;
2649 	    goto failret;
2650 	}
2651 	if (**arg == '}')
2652 	    break;
2653 	if (**arg != ',')
2654 	{
2655 	    semsg(_(e_missing_dict_comma), *arg);
2656 	    goto failret;
2657 	}
2658 	if (IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(*whitep))
2659 	{
2660 	    semsg(_(e_no_white_space_allowed_before), ",");
2661 	    return FAIL;
2662 	}
2663 	whitep = *arg + 1;
2664 	*arg = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
2665     }
2666 
2667     *arg = *arg + 1;
2668 
2669     // Allow for following comment, after at least one space.
2670     p = skipwhite(*arg);
2671     if (VIM_ISWHITE(**arg) && vim9_comment_start(p))
2672 	*arg += STRLEN(*arg);
2673 
2674     dict_unref(d);
2675     return generate_NEWDICT(cctx, count);
2676 
2677 failret:
2678     if (*arg == NULL)
2679 	semsg(_(e_missing_dict_end), _("[end of lines]"));
2680     dict_unref(d);
2681     return FAIL;
2682 }
2683 
2684 /*
2685  * Compile "&option".
2686  */
2687     static int
2688 compile_get_option(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
2689 {
2690     typval_T	rettv;
2691     char_u	*start = *arg;
2692     int		ret;
2693 
2694     // parse the option and get the current value to get the type.
2695     rettv.v_type = VAR_UNKNOWN;
2696     ret = eval_option(arg, &rettv, TRUE);
2697     if (ret == OK)
2698     {
2699 	// include the '&' in the name, eval_option() expects it.
2700 	char_u *name = vim_strnsave(start, *arg - start);
2701 	type_T	*type = rettv.v_type == VAR_NUMBER ? &t_number : &t_string;
2702 
2703 	ret = generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADOPT, 0, name, type);
2704 	vim_free(name);
2705     }
2706     clear_tv(&rettv);
2707 
2708     return ret;
2709 }
2710 
2711 /*
2712  * Compile "$VAR".
2713  */
2714     static int
2715 compile_get_env(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
2716 {
2717     char_u	*start = *arg;
2718     int		len;
2719     int		ret;
2720     char_u	*name;
2721 
2722     ++*arg;
2723     len = get_env_len(arg);
2724     if (len == 0)
2725     {
2726 	semsg(_(e_syntax_error_at_str), start - 1);
2727 	return FAIL;
2728     }
2729 
2730     // include the '$' in the name, eval_env_var() expects it.
2731     name = vim_strnsave(start, len + 1);
2732     ret = generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADENV, 0, name, &t_string);
2733     vim_free(name);
2734     return ret;
2735 }
2736 
2737 /*
2738  * Compile "@r".
2739  */
2740     static int
2741 compile_get_register(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx)
2742 {
2743     int		ret;
2744 
2745     ++*arg;
2746     if (**arg == NUL)
2747     {
2748 	semsg(_(e_syntax_error_at_str), *arg - 1);
2749 	return FAIL;
2750     }
2751     if (!valid_yank_reg(**arg, FALSE))
2752     {
2753 	emsg_invreg(**arg);
2754 	return FAIL;
2755     }
2756     ret = generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADREG, **arg, NULL, &t_string);
2757     ++*arg;
2758     return ret;
2759 }
2760 
2761 /*
2762  * Apply leading '!', '-' and '+' to constant "rettv".
2763  * When "numeric_only" is TRUE do not apply '!'.
2764  */
2765     static int
2766 apply_leader(typval_T *rettv, int numeric_only, char_u *start, char_u **end)
2767 {
2768     char_u *p = *end;
2769 
2770     // this works from end to start
2771     while (p > start)
2772     {
2773 	--p;
2774 	if (*p == '-' || *p == '+')
2775 	{
2776 	    // only '-' has an effect, for '+' we only check the type
2777 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
2778 	    if (rettv->v_type == VAR_FLOAT)
2779 	    {
2780 		if (*p == '-')
2781 		    rettv->vval.v_float = -rettv->vval.v_float;
2782 	    }
2783 	    else
2784 #endif
2785 	    {
2786 		varnumber_T	val;
2787 		int		error = FALSE;
2788 
2789 		// tv_get_number_chk() accepts a string, but we don't want that
2790 		// here
2791 		if (check_not_string(rettv) == FAIL)
2792 		    return FAIL;
2793 		val = tv_get_number_chk(rettv, &error);
2794 		clear_tv(rettv);
2795 		if (error)
2796 		    return FAIL;
2797 		if (*p == '-')
2798 		    val = -val;
2799 		rettv->v_type = VAR_NUMBER;
2800 		rettv->vval.v_number = val;
2801 	    }
2802 	}
2803 	else if (numeric_only)
2804 	{
2805 	    ++p;
2806 	    break;
2807 	}
2808 	else
2809 	{
2810 	    int v = tv2bool(rettv);
2811 
2812 	    // '!' is permissive in the type.
2813 	    clear_tv(rettv);
2814 	    rettv->v_type = VAR_BOOL;
2815 	    rettv->vval.v_number = v ? VVAL_FALSE : VVAL_TRUE;
2816 	}
2817     }
2818     *end = p;
2819     return OK;
2820 }
2821 
2822 /*
2823  * Recognize v: variables that are constants and set "rettv".
2824  */
2825     static void
2826 get_vim_constant(char_u **arg, typval_T *rettv)
2827 {
2828     if (STRNCMP(*arg, "v:true", 6) == 0)
2829     {
2830 	rettv->v_type = VAR_BOOL;
2831 	rettv->vval.v_number = VVAL_TRUE;
2832 	*arg += 6;
2833     }
2834     else if (STRNCMP(*arg, "v:false", 7) == 0)
2835     {
2836 	rettv->v_type = VAR_BOOL;
2837 	rettv->vval.v_number = VVAL_FALSE;
2838 	*arg += 7;
2839     }
2840     else if (STRNCMP(*arg, "v:null", 6) == 0)
2841     {
2842 	rettv->v_type = VAR_SPECIAL;
2843 	rettv->vval.v_number = VVAL_NULL;
2844 	*arg += 6;
2845     }
2846     else if (STRNCMP(*arg, "v:none", 6) == 0)
2847     {
2848 	rettv->v_type = VAR_SPECIAL;
2849 	rettv->vval.v_number = VVAL_NONE;
2850 	*arg += 6;
2851     }
2852 }
2853 
2854     exptype_T
2855 get_compare_type(char_u *p, int *len, int *type_is)
2856 {
2857     exptype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
2858     int		i;
2859 
2860     switch (p[0])
2861     {
2862 	case '=':   if (p[1] == '=')
2863 			type = EXPR_EQUAL;
2864 		    else if (p[1] == '~')
2865 			type = EXPR_MATCH;
2866 		    break;
2867 	case '!':   if (p[1] == '=')
2868 			type = EXPR_NEQUAL;
2869 		    else if (p[1] == '~')
2870 			type = EXPR_NOMATCH;
2871 		    break;
2872 	case '>':   if (p[1] != '=')
2873 		    {
2874 			type = EXPR_GREATER;
2875 			*len = 1;
2876 		    }
2877 		    else
2878 			type = EXPR_GEQUAL;
2879 		    break;
2880 	case '<':   if (p[1] != '=')
2881 		    {
2882 			type = EXPR_SMALLER;
2883 			*len = 1;
2884 		    }
2885 		    else
2886 			type = EXPR_SEQUAL;
2887 		    break;
2888 	case 'i':   if (p[1] == 's')
2889 		    {
2890 			// "is" and "isnot"; but not a prefix of a name
2891 			if (p[2] == 'n' && p[3] == 'o' && p[4] == 't')
2892 			    *len = 5;
2893 			i = p[*len];
2894 			if (!isalnum(i) && i != '_')
2895 			{
2896 			    type = *len == 2 ? EXPR_IS : EXPR_ISNOT;
2897 			    *type_is = TRUE;
2898 			}
2899 		    }
2900 		    break;
2901     }
2902     return type;
2903 }
2904 
2905 /*
2906  * Compile code to apply '-', '+' and '!'.
2907  * When "numeric_only" is TRUE do not apply '!'.
2908  */
2909     static int
2910 compile_leader(cctx_T *cctx, int numeric_only, char_u *start, char_u **end)
2911 {
2912     char_u	*p = *end;
2913 
2914     // this works from end to start
2915     while (p > start)
2916     {
2917 	--p;
2918 	if (*p == '-' || *p == '+')
2919 	{
2920 	    int	    negate = *p == '-';
2921 	    isn_T   *isn;
2922 
2923 	    // TODO: check type
2924 	    while (p > start && (p[-1] == '-' || p[-1] == '+'))
2925 	    {
2926 		--p;
2927 		if (*p == '-')
2928 		    negate = !negate;
2929 	    }
2930 	    // only '-' has an effect, for '+' we only check the type
2931 	    if (negate)
2932 		isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_NEGATENR);
2933 	    else
2934 		isn = generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CHECKNR);
2935 	    if (isn == NULL)
2936 		return FAIL;
2937 	}
2938 	else if (numeric_only)
2939 	{
2940 	    ++p;
2941 	    break;
2942 	}
2943 	else
2944 	{
2945 	    int  invert = TRUE;
2946 
2947 	    while (p > start && p[-1] == '!')
2948 	    {
2949 		--p;
2950 		invert = !invert;
2951 	    }
2952 	    if (generate_2BOOL(cctx, invert) == FAIL)
2953 		return FAIL;
2954 	}
2955     }
2956     *end = p;
2957     return OK;
2958 }
2959 
2960 /*
2961  * Compile whatever comes after "name" or "name()".
2962  * Advances "*arg" only when something was recognized.
2963  */
2964     static int
2965 compile_subscript(
2966 	char_u **arg,
2967 	cctx_T *cctx,
2968 	char_u *start_leader,
2969 	char_u **end_leader,
2970 	ppconst_T *ppconst)
2971 {
2972     char_u	*name_start = *end_leader;
2973 
2974     for (;;)
2975     {
2976 	char_u *p = skipwhite(*arg);
2977 
2978 	if (*p == NUL || (VIM_ISWHITE(**arg) && vim9_comment_start(p)))
2979 	{
2980 	    char_u *next = peek_next_line_from_context(cctx);
2981 
2982 	    // If a following line starts with "->{" or "->X" advance to that
2983 	    // line, so that a line break before "->" is allowed.
2984 	    // Also if a following line starts with ".x".
2985 	    if (next != NULL &&
2986 		    ((next[0] == '-' && next[1] == '>'
2987 				 && (next[2] == '{' || ASCII_ISALPHA(next[2])))
2988 		    || (next[0] == '.' && eval_isdictc(next[1]))))
2989 	    {
2990 		next = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
2991 		if (next == NULL)
2992 		    return FAIL;
2993 		*arg = next;
2994 		p = skipwhite(*arg);
2995 	    }
2996 	}
2997 
2998 	// Do not skip over white space to find the "(", "exeucte 'x' ()" is
2999 	// not a function call.
3000 	if (**arg == '(')
3001 	{
3002 	    garray_T    *stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
3003 	    type_T	*type;
3004 	    int		argcount = 0;
3005 
3006 	    if (generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3007 		return FAIL;
3008 
3009 	    // funcref(arg)
3010 	    type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
3011 
3012 	    *arg = skipwhite(p + 1);
3013 	    if (compile_arguments(arg, cctx, &argcount) == FAIL)
3014 		return FAIL;
3015 	    if (generate_PCALL(cctx, argcount, name_start, type, TRUE) == FAIL)
3016 		return FAIL;
3017 	}
3018 	else if (*p == '-' && p[1] == '>')
3019 	{
3020 	    char_u *pstart = p;
3021 
3022 	    if (generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3023 		return FAIL;
3024 
3025 	    // something->method()
3026 	    // Apply the '!', '-' and '+' first:
3027 	    //   -1.0->func() works like (-1.0)->func()
3028 	    if (compile_leader(cctx, TRUE, start_leader, end_leader) == FAIL)
3029 		return FAIL;
3030 
3031 	    p += 2;
3032 	    *arg = skipwhite(p);
3033 	    // No line break supported right after "->".
3034 	    if (**arg == '{')
3035 	    {
3036 		// lambda call:  list->{lambda}
3037 		if (compile_lambda_call(arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3038 		    return FAIL;
3039 	    }
3040 	    else
3041 	    {
3042 		// method call:  list->method()
3043 		p = *arg;
3044 		if (!eval_isnamec1(*p))
3045 		{
3046 		    semsg(_(e_trailing_arg), pstart);
3047 		    return FAIL;
3048 		}
3049 		if (ASCII_ISALPHA(*p) && p[1] == ':')
3050 		    p += 2;
3051 		for ( ; eval_isnamec(*p); ++p)
3052 		    ;
3053 		if (*p != '(')
3054 		{
3055 		    semsg(_(e_missing_paren), *arg);
3056 		    return FAIL;
3057 		}
3058 		// TODO: base value may not be the first argument
3059 		if (compile_call(arg, p - *arg, cctx, ppconst, 1) == FAIL)
3060 		    return FAIL;
3061 	    }
3062 	}
3063 	else if (**arg == '[')
3064 	{
3065 	    garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
3066 	    type_T	**typep;
3067 	    type_T	*valtype;
3068 	    vartype_T	vtype;
3069 	    int		is_slice = FALSE;
3070 
3071 	    // list index: list[123]
3072 	    // dict member: dict[key]
3073 	    // string index: text[123]
3074 	    // TODO: blob index
3075 	    // TODO: more arguments
3076 	    // TODO: recognize list or dict at runtime
3077 	    if (generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3078 		return FAIL;
3079 
3080 	    ++p;
3081 	    *arg = skipwhite(p);
3082 	    if (may_get_next_line_error(p, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3083 		return FAIL;
3084 	    if (**arg == ':')
3085 		// missing first index is equal to zero
3086 		generate_PUSHNR(cctx, 0);
3087 	    else
3088 	    {
3089 		if (compile_expr0(arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3090 		    return FAIL;
3091 		if (may_get_next_line_error(p, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3092 		    return FAIL;
3093 		*arg = skipwhite(*arg);
3094 	    }
3095 	    if (**arg == ':')
3096 	    {
3097 		*arg = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
3098 		if (may_get_next_line_error(p, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3099 		    return FAIL;
3100 		if (**arg == ']')
3101 		    // missing second index is equal to end of string
3102 		    generate_PUSHNR(cctx, -1);
3103 		else
3104 		{
3105 		    if (compile_expr0(arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3106 		    return FAIL;
3107 		    if (may_get_next_line_error(p, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3108 			return FAIL;
3109 		    *arg = skipwhite(*arg);
3110 		}
3111 		is_slice = TRUE;
3112 	    }
3113 
3114 	    if (**arg != ']')
3115 	    {
3116 		emsg(_(e_missbrac));
3117 		return FAIL;
3118 	    }
3119 	    *arg = *arg + 1;
3120 
3121 	    // We can index a list and a dict.  If we don't know the type
3122 	    // we can use the index value type.
3123 	    // TODO: If we don't know use an instruction to figure it out at
3124 	    // runtime.
3125 	    typep = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data) + stack->ga_len
3126 							  - (is_slice ? 3 : 2);
3127 	    vtype = (*typep)->tt_type;
3128 	    valtype = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
3129 	    // If the index is a string, the variable must be a Dict.
3130 	    if (*typep == &t_any && valtype == &t_string)
3131 		vtype = VAR_DICT;
3132 	    if (vtype == VAR_STRING || vtype == VAR_LIST || vtype == VAR_BLOB)
3133 	    {
3134 		if (need_type(valtype, &t_number, -1, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
3135 		    return FAIL;
3136 		if (is_slice)
3137 		{
3138 		    valtype = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 2];
3139 		    if (need_type(valtype, &t_number, -2, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
3140 			return FAIL;
3141 		}
3142 	    }
3143 
3144 	    if (vtype == VAR_DICT)
3145 	    {
3146 		if (is_slice)
3147 		{
3148 		    emsg(_(e_cannot_slice_dictionary));
3149 		    return FAIL;
3150 		}
3151 		if ((*typep)->tt_type == VAR_DICT)
3152 		    *typep = (*typep)->tt_member;
3153 		else
3154 		{
3155 		    if (need_type(*typep, &t_dict_any, -2, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
3156 			return FAIL;
3157 		    *typep = &t_any;
3158 		}
3159 		if (may_generate_2STRING(-1, cctx) == FAIL)
3160 		    return FAIL;
3161 		if (generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_MEMBER, 1) == FAIL)
3162 		    return FAIL;
3163 	    }
3164 	    else if (vtype == VAR_STRING)
3165 	    {
3166 		*typep = &t_string;
3167 		if ((is_slice
3168 			? generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STRSLICE, 2)
3169 			: generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STRINDEX, 1)) == FAIL)
3170 		    return FAIL;
3171 	    }
3172 	    else if (vtype == VAR_BLOB)
3173 	    {
3174 		emsg("Sorry, blob index and slice not implemented yet");
3175 		return FAIL;
3176 	    }
3177 	    else if (vtype == VAR_LIST || *typep == &t_any)
3178 	    {
3179 		if (is_slice)
3180 		{
3181 		    if (generate_instr_drop(cctx,
3182 			     vtype == VAR_LIST ?  ISN_LISTSLICE : ISN_ANYSLICE,
3183 								    2) == FAIL)
3184 			return FAIL;
3185 		}
3186 		else
3187 		{
3188 		    if ((*typep)->tt_type == VAR_LIST)
3189 			*typep = (*typep)->tt_member;
3190 		    if (generate_instr_drop(cctx,
3191 			     vtype == VAR_LIST ?  ISN_LISTINDEX : ISN_ANYINDEX,
3192 								    1) == FAIL)
3193 			return FAIL;
3194 		}
3195 	    }
3196 	    else
3197 	    {
3198 		emsg(_(e_string_list_dict_or_blob_required));
3199 		return FAIL;
3200 	    }
3201 	}
3202 	else if (*p == '.' && p[1] != '.')
3203 	{
3204 	    if (generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3205 		return FAIL;
3206 
3207 	    *arg = p + 1;
3208 	    if (may_get_next_line(*arg, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3209 		return FAIL;
3210 	    // dictionary member: dict.name
3211 	    p = *arg;
3212 	    if (eval_isdictc(*p))
3213 		while (eval_isnamec(*p))
3214 		    MB_PTR_ADV(p);
3215 	    if (p == *arg)
3216 	    {
3217 		semsg(_(e_syntax_error_at_str), *arg);
3218 		return FAIL;
3219 	    }
3220 	    if (generate_STRINGMEMBER(cctx, *arg, p - *arg) == FAIL)
3221 		return FAIL;
3222 	    *arg = p;
3223 	}
3224 	else
3225 	    break;
3226     }
3227 
3228     // TODO - see handle_subscript():
3229     // Turn "dict.Func" into a partial for "Func" bound to "dict".
3230     // Don't do this when "Func" is already a partial that was bound
3231     // explicitly (pt_auto is FALSE).
3232 
3233     return OK;
3234 }
3235 
3236 /*
3237  * Compile an expression at "*arg" and add instructions to "cctx->ctx_instr".
3238  * "arg" is advanced until after the expression, skipping white space.
3239  *
3240  * If the value is a constant "ppconst->pp_ret" will be set.
3241  * Before instructions are generated, any values in "ppconst" will generated.
3242  *
3243  * This is the compiling equivalent of eval1(), eval2(), etc.
3244  */
3245 
3246 /*
3247  *  number		number constant
3248  *  0zFFFFFFFF		Blob constant
3249  *  "string"		string constant
3250  *  'string'		literal string constant
3251  *  &option-name	option value
3252  *  @r			register contents
3253  *  identifier		variable value
3254  *  function()		function call
3255  *  $VAR		environment variable
3256  *  (expression)	nested expression
3257  *  [expr, expr]	List
3258  *  {key: val, key: val}   Dictionary
3259  *  #{key: val, key: val}  Dictionary with literal keys
3260  *
3261  *  Also handle:
3262  *  ! in front		logical NOT
3263  *  - in front		unary minus
3264  *  + in front		unary plus (ignored)
3265  *  trailing (arg)	funcref/partial call
3266  *  trailing []		subscript in String or List
3267  *  trailing .name	entry in Dictionary
3268  *  trailing ->name()	method call
3269  */
3270     static int
3271 compile_expr7(
3272 	char_u **arg,
3273 	cctx_T *cctx,
3274 	ppconst_T *ppconst)
3275 {
3276     char_u	*start_leader, *end_leader;
3277     int		ret = OK;
3278     typval_T	*rettv = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst->pp_used];
3279     int		used_before = ppconst->pp_used;
3280 
3281     /*
3282      * Skip '!', '-' and '+' characters.  They are handled later.
3283      */
3284     start_leader = *arg;
3285     while (**arg == '!' || **arg == '-' || **arg == '+')
3286 	*arg = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
3287     end_leader = *arg;
3288 
3289     rettv->v_type = VAR_UNKNOWN;
3290     switch (**arg)
3291     {
3292 	/*
3293 	 * Number constant.
3294 	 */
3295 	case '0':	// also for blob starting with 0z
3296 	case '1':
3297 	case '2':
3298 	case '3':
3299 	case '4':
3300 	case '5':
3301 	case '6':
3302 	case '7':
3303 	case '8':
3304 	case '9':
3305 	case '.':   if (eval_number(arg, rettv, TRUE, FALSE) == FAIL)
3306 			return FAIL;
3307 		    // Apply "-" and "+" just before the number now, right to
3308 		    // left.  Matters especially when "->" follows.  Stops at
3309 		    // '!'.
3310 		    if (apply_leader(rettv, TRUE,
3311 					    start_leader, &end_leader) == FAIL)
3312 		    {
3313 			clear_tv(rettv);
3314 			return FAIL;
3315 		    }
3316 		    break;
3317 
3318 	/*
3319 	 * String constant: "string".
3320 	 */
3321 	case '"':   if (eval_string(arg, rettv, TRUE) == FAIL)
3322 			return FAIL;
3323 		    break;
3324 
3325 	/*
3326 	 * Literal string constant: 'str''ing'.
3327 	 */
3328 	case '\'':  if (eval_lit_string(arg, rettv, TRUE) == FAIL)
3329 			return FAIL;
3330 		    break;
3331 
3332 	/*
3333 	 * Constant Vim variable.
3334 	 */
3335 	case 'v':   get_vim_constant(arg, rettv);
3336 		    ret = NOTDONE;
3337 		    break;
3338 
3339 	/*
3340 	 * "true" constant
3341 	 */
3342 	case 't':   if (STRNCMP(*arg, "true", 4) == 0
3343 						   && !eval_isnamec((*arg)[4]))
3344 		    {
3345 			*arg += 4;
3346 			rettv->v_type = VAR_BOOL;
3347 			rettv->vval.v_number = VVAL_TRUE;
3348 		    }
3349 		    else
3350 			ret = NOTDONE;
3351 		    break;
3352 
3353 	/*
3354 	 * "false" constant
3355 	 */
3356 	case 'f':   if (STRNCMP(*arg, "false", 5) == 0
3357 						   && !eval_isnamec((*arg)[5]))
3358 		    {
3359 			*arg += 5;
3360 			rettv->v_type = VAR_BOOL;
3361 			rettv->vval.v_number = VVAL_FALSE;
3362 		    }
3363 		    else
3364 			ret = NOTDONE;
3365 		    break;
3366 
3367 	/*
3368 	 * List: [expr, expr]
3369 	 */
3370 	case '[':   ret = compile_list(arg, cctx);
3371 		    break;
3372 
3373 	/*
3374 	 * Dictionary: #{key: val, key: val}
3375 	 */
3376 	case '#':   if ((*arg)[1] == '{')
3377 		    {
3378 			++*arg;
3379 			ret = compile_dict(arg, cctx, TRUE);
3380 		    }
3381 		    else
3382 			ret = NOTDONE;
3383 		    break;
3384 
3385 	/*
3386 	 * Lambda: {arg, arg -> expr}
3387 	 * Dictionary: {'key': val, 'key': val}
3388 	 */
3389 	case '{':   {
3390 			char_u *start = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
3391 
3392 			// Find out what comes after the arguments.
3393 			ret = get_function_args(&start, '-', NULL,
3394 					   NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE, NULL, NULL);
3395 			if (ret != FAIL && *start == '>')
3396 			    ret = compile_lambda(arg, cctx);
3397 			else
3398 			    ret = compile_dict(arg, cctx, FALSE);
3399 		    }
3400 		    break;
3401 
3402 	/*
3403 	 * Option value: &name
3404 	 */
3405 	case '&':	ret = compile_get_option(arg, cctx);
3406 			break;
3407 
3408 	/*
3409 	 * Environment variable: $VAR.
3410 	 */
3411 	case '$':	ret = compile_get_env(arg, cctx);
3412 			break;
3413 
3414 	/*
3415 	 * Register contents: @r.
3416 	 */
3417 	case '@':	ret = compile_get_register(arg, cctx);
3418 			break;
3419 	/*
3420 	 * nested expression: (expression).
3421 	 */
3422 	case '(':   *arg = skipwhite(*arg + 1);
3423 
3424 		    // recursive!
3425 		    if (ppconst->pp_used <= PPSIZE - 10)
3426 		    {
3427 			ret = compile_expr1(arg, cctx, ppconst);
3428 		    }
3429 		    else
3430 		    {
3431 			// Not enough space in ppconst, flush constants.
3432 			if (generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3433 			    return FAIL;
3434 			ret = compile_expr0(arg, cctx);
3435 		    }
3436 		    *arg = skipwhite(*arg);
3437 		    if (**arg == ')')
3438 			++*arg;
3439 		    else if (ret == OK)
3440 		    {
3441 			emsg(_(e_missing_close));
3442 			ret = FAIL;
3443 		    }
3444 		    break;
3445 
3446 	default:    ret = NOTDONE;
3447 		    break;
3448     }
3449     if (ret == FAIL)
3450 	return FAIL;
3451 
3452     if (rettv->v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN && used_before == ppconst->pp_used)
3453     {
3454 	if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES)
3455 	    clear_tv(rettv);
3456 	else
3457 	    // A constant expression can possibly be handled compile time,
3458 	    // return the value instead of generating code.
3459 	    ++ppconst->pp_used;
3460     }
3461     else if (ret == NOTDONE)
3462     {
3463 	char_u	    *p;
3464 	int	    r;
3465 
3466 	if (!eval_isnamec1(**arg))
3467 	{
3468 	    semsg(_(e_name_expected), *arg);
3469 	    return FAIL;
3470 	}
3471 
3472 	// "name" or "name()"
3473 	p = to_name_end(*arg, TRUE);
3474 	if (*p == '(')
3475 	{
3476 	    r = compile_call(arg, p - *arg, cctx, ppconst, 0);
3477 	}
3478 	else
3479 	{
3480 	    if (generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3481 		return FAIL;
3482 	    r = compile_load(arg, p, cctx, TRUE);
3483 	}
3484 	if (r == FAIL)
3485 	    return FAIL;
3486     }
3487 
3488     // Handle following "[]", ".member", etc.
3489     // Then deal with prefixed '-', '+' and '!', if not done already.
3490     if (compile_subscript(arg, cctx, start_leader, &end_leader,
3491 							     ppconst) == FAIL)
3492 	return FAIL;
3493     if (ppconst->pp_used > 0)
3494     {
3495 	// apply the '!', '-' and '+' before the constant
3496 	rettv = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst->pp_used - 1];
3497 	if (apply_leader(rettv, FALSE, start_leader, &end_leader) == FAIL)
3498 	    return FAIL;
3499 	return OK;
3500     }
3501     if (compile_leader(cctx, FALSE, start_leader, &end_leader) == FAIL)
3502 	return FAIL;
3503     return OK;
3504 }
3505 
3506 /*
3507  * Give the "white on both sides" error, taking the operator from "p[len]".
3508  */
3509     void
3510 error_white_both(char_u *op, int len)
3511 {
3512     char_u	buf[10];
3513 
3514     vim_strncpy(buf, op, len);
3515     semsg(_(e_white_space_required_before_and_after), buf);
3516 }
3517 
3518 /*
3519  * <type>expr7: runtime type check / conversion
3520  */
3521     static int
3522 compile_expr7t(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
3523 {
3524     type_T *want_type = NULL;
3525 
3526     // Recognize <type>
3527     if (**arg == '<' && eval_isnamec1((*arg)[1]))
3528     {
3529 	int		called_emsg_before = called_emsg;
3530 
3531 	++*arg;
3532 	want_type = parse_type(arg, cctx->ctx_type_list);
3533 	if (called_emsg != called_emsg_before)
3534 	    return FAIL;
3535 
3536 	if (**arg != '>')
3537 	{
3538 	    if (*skipwhite(*arg) == '>')
3539 		semsg(_(e_no_white_space_allowed_before), ">");
3540 	    else
3541 		emsg(_(e_missing_gt));
3542 	    return FAIL;
3543 	}
3544 	++*arg;
3545 	if (may_get_next_line_error(*arg - 1, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3546 	    return FAIL;
3547     }
3548 
3549     if (compile_expr7(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3550 	return FAIL;
3551 
3552     if (want_type != NULL)
3553     {
3554 	garray_T    *stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
3555 	type_T	    *actual;
3556 
3557 	generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
3558 	actual = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
3559 	if (check_type(want_type, actual, FALSE) == FAIL)
3560 	{
3561 	    if (need_type(actual, want_type, -1, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
3562 		return FAIL;
3563 	}
3564     }
3565 
3566     return OK;
3567 }
3568 
3569 /*
3570  *	*	number multiplication
3571  *	/	number division
3572  *	%	number modulo
3573  */
3574     static int
3575 compile_expr6(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
3576 {
3577     char_u	*op;
3578     char_u	*next;
3579     int		ppconst_used = ppconst->pp_used;
3580 
3581     // get the first expression
3582     if (compile_expr7t(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3583 	return FAIL;
3584 
3585     /*
3586      * Repeat computing, until no "*", "/" or "%" is following.
3587      */
3588     for (;;)
3589     {
3590 	op = may_peek_next_line(cctx, *arg, &next);
3591 	if (*op != '*' && *op != '/' && *op != '%')
3592 	    break;
3593 	if (next != NULL)
3594 	{
3595 	    *arg = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
3596 	    op = skipwhite(*arg);
3597 	}
3598 
3599 	if (!IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(**arg) || !IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(op[1]))
3600 	{
3601 	    error_white_both(op, 1);
3602 	    return FAIL;
3603 	}
3604 	*arg = skipwhite(op + 1);
3605 	if (may_get_next_line(op + 1, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3606 	    return FAIL;
3607 
3608 	// get the second expression
3609 	if (compile_expr7t(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3610 	    return FAIL;
3611 
3612 	if (ppconst->pp_used == ppconst_used + 2
3613 		&& ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used].v_type == VAR_NUMBER
3614 		&& ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used + 1].v_type == VAR_NUMBER)
3615 	{
3616 	    typval_T *tv1 = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used];
3617 	    typval_T *tv2 = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used + 1];
3618 	    varnumber_T res = 0;
3619 
3620 	    // both are numbers: compute the result
3621 	    switch (*op)
3622 	    {
3623 		case '*': res = tv1->vval.v_number * tv2->vval.v_number;
3624 			  break;
3625 		case '/': res = tv1->vval.v_number / tv2->vval.v_number;
3626 			  break;
3627 		case '%': res = tv1->vval.v_number % tv2->vval.v_number;
3628 			  break;
3629 	    }
3630 	    tv1->vval.v_number = res;
3631 	    --ppconst->pp_used;
3632 	}
3633 	else
3634 	{
3635 	    generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
3636 	    generate_two_op(cctx, op);
3637 	}
3638     }
3639 
3640     return OK;
3641 }
3642 
3643 /*
3644  *      +	number addition
3645  *      -	number subtraction
3646  *      ..	string concatenation
3647  */
3648     static int
3649 compile_expr5(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
3650 {
3651     char_u	*op;
3652     char_u	*next;
3653     int		oplen;
3654     int		ppconst_used = ppconst->pp_used;
3655 
3656     // get the first variable
3657     if (compile_expr6(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3658 	return FAIL;
3659 
3660     /*
3661      * Repeat computing, until no "+", "-" or ".." is following.
3662      */
3663     for (;;)
3664     {
3665 	op = may_peek_next_line(cctx, *arg, &next);
3666 	if (*op != '+' && *op != '-' && !(*op == '.' && *(op + 1) == '.'))
3667 	    break;
3668 	oplen = (*op == '.' ? 2 : 1);
3669 	if (next != NULL)
3670 	{
3671 	    *arg = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
3672 	    op = skipwhite(*arg);
3673 	}
3674 
3675 	if (!IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(**arg) || !IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(op[oplen]))
3676 	{
3677 	    error_white_both(op, oplen);
3678 	    return FAIL;
3679 	}
3680 
3681 	*arg = skipwhite(op + oplen);
3682 	if (may_get_next_line(op + oplen, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3683 	    return FAIL;
3684 
3685 	// get the second expression
3686 	if (compile_expr6(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3687 	    return FAIL;
3688 
3689 	if (ppconst->pp_used == ppconst_used + 2
3690 		&& (*op == '.'
3691 		    ? (ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used].v_type == VAR_STRING
3692 		    && ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used + 1].v_type == VAR_STRING)
3693 		    : (ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used].v_type == VAR_NUMBER
3694 		    && ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used + 1].v_type == VAR_NUMBER)))
3695 	{
3696 	    typval_T *tv1 = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used];
3697 	    typval_T *tv2 = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used + 1];
3698 
3699 	    // concat/subtract/add constant numbers
3700 	    if (*op == '+')
3701 		tv1->vval.v_number = tv1->vval.v_number + tv2->vval.v_number;
3702 	    else if (*op == '-')
3703 		tv1->vval.v_number = tv1->vval.v_number - tv2->vval.v_number;
3704 	    else
3705 	    {
3706 		// concatenate constant strings
3707 		char_u *s1 = tv1->vval.v_string;
3708 		char_u *s2 = tv2->vval.v_string;
3709 		size_t len1 = STRLEN(s1);
3710 
3711 		tv1->vval.v_string = alloc((int)(len1 + STRLEN(s2) + 1));
3712 		if (tv1->vval.v_string == NULL)
3713 		{
3714 		    clear_ppconst(ppconst);
3715 		    return FAIL;
3716 		}
3717 		mch_memmove(tv1->vval.v_string, s1, len1);
3718 		STRCPY(tv1->vval.v_string + len1, s2);
3719 		vim_free(s1);
3720 		vim_free(s2);
3721 	    }
3722 	    --ppconst->pp_used;
3723 	}
3724 	else
3725 	{
3726 	    generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
3727 	    if (*op == '.')
3728 	    {
3729 		if (may_generate_2STRING(-2, cctx) == FAIL
3730 			|| may_generate_2STRING(-1, cctx) == FAIL)
3731 		    return FAIL;
3732 		generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_CONCAT, 1);
3733 	    }
3734 	    else
3735 		generate_two_op(cctx, op);
3736 	}
3737     }
3738 
3739     return OK;
3740 }
3741 
3742 /*
3743  * expr5a == expr5b
3744  * expr5a =~ expr5b
3745  * expr5a != expr5b
3746  * expr5a !~ expr5b
3747  * expr5a > expr5b
3748  * expr5a >= expr5b
3749  * expr5a < expr5b
3750  * expr5a <= expr5b
3751  * expr5a is expr5b
3752  * expr5a isnot expr5b
3753  *
3754  * Produces instructions:
3755  *	EVAL expr5a		Push result of "expr5a"
3756  *	EVAL expr5b		Push result of "expr5b"
3757  *	COMPARE			one of the compare instructions
3758  */
3759     static int
3760 compile_expr4(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
3761 {
3762     exptype_T	type = EXPR_UNKNOWN;
3763     char_u	*p;
3764     char_u	*next;
3765     int		len = 2;
3766     int		type_is = FALSE;
3767     int		ppconst_used = ppconst->pp_used;
3768 
3769     // get the first variable
3770     if (compile_expr5(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3771 	return FAIL;
3772 
3773     p = may_peek_next_line(cctx, *arg, &next);
3774     type = get_compare_type(p, &len, &type_is);
3775 
3776     /*
3777      * If there is a comparative operator, use it.
3778      */
3779     if (type != EXPR_UNKNOWN)
3780     {
3781 	int ic = FALSE;  // Default: do not ignore case
3782 
3783 	if (next != NULL)
3784 	{
3785 	    *arg = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
3786 	    p = skipwhite(*arg);
3787 	}
3788 	if (type_is && (p[len] == '?' || p[len] == '#'))
3789 	{
3790 	    semsg(_(e_invexpr2), *arg);
3791 	    return FAIL;
3792 	}
3793 	// extra question mark appended: ignore case
3794 	if (p[len] == '?')
3795 	{
3796 	    ic = TRUE;
3797 	    ++len;
3798 	}
3799 	// extra '#' appended: match case (ignored)
3800 	else if (p[len] == '#')
3801 	    ++len;
3802 	// nothing appended: match case
3803 
3804 	if (!IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(**arg) || !IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(p[len]))
3805 	{
3806 	    error_white_both(p, len);
3807 	    return FAIL;
3808 	}
3809 
3810 	// get the second variable
3811 	*arg = skipwhite(p + len);
3812 	if (may_get_next_line(p + len, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3813 	    return FAIL;
3814 
3815 	if (compile_expr5(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3816 	    return FAIL;
3817 
3818 	if (ppconst->pp_used == ppconst_used + 2)
3819 	{
3820 	    typval_T *	tv1 = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst->pp_used - 2];
3821 	    typval_T	*tv2 = &ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst->pp_used - 1];
3822 	    int		ret;
3823 
3824 	    // Both sides are a constant, compute the result now.
3825 	    // First check for a valid combination of types, this is more
3826 	    // strict than typval_compare().
3827 	    if (check_compare_types(type, tv1, tv2) == FAIL)
3828 		ret = FAIL;
3829 	    else
3830 	    {
3831 		ret = typval_compare(tv1, tv2, type, ic);
3832 		tv1->v_type = VAR_BOOL;
3833 		tv1->vval.v_number = tv1->vval.v_number
3834 						      ? VVAL_TRUE : VVAL_FALSE;
3835 		clear_tv(tv2);
3836 		--ppconst->pp_used;
3837 	    }
3838 	    return ret;
3839 	}
3840 
3841 	generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
3842 	return generate_COMPARE(cctx, type, ic);
3843     }
3844 
3845     return OK;
3846 }
3847 
3848 static int compile_expr3(char_u **arg,  cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst);
3849 
3850 /*
3851  * Compile || or &&.
3852  */
3853     static int
3854 compile_and_or(
3855 	char_u **arg,
3856 	cctx_T	*cctx,
3857 	char	*op,
3858 	ppconst_T *ppconst,
3859 	int	ppconst_used UNUSED)
3860 {
3861     char_u	*next;
3862     char_u	*p = may_peek_next_line(cctx, *arg, &next);
3863     int		opchar = *op;
3864 
3865     if (p[0] == opchar && p[1] == opchar)
3866     {
3867 	garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
3868 	garray_T	end_ga;
3869 
3870 	/*
3871 	 * Repeat until there is no following "||" or "&&"
3872 	 */
3873 	ga_init2(&end_ga, sizeof(int), 10);
3874 	while (p[0] == opchar && p[1] == opchar)
3875 	{
3876 	    if (next != NULL)
3877 	    {
3878 		*arg = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
3879 		p = skipwhite(*arg);
3880 	    }
3881 
3882 	    if (!IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(**arg) || !IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(p[2]))
3883 	    {
3884 		semsg(_(e_white_space_required_before_and_after), op);
3885 		return FAIL;
3886 	    }
3887 
3888 	    // TODO: use ppconst if the value is a constant
3889 	    generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
3890 
3891 	    if (ga_grow(&end_ga, 1) == FAIL)
3892 	    {
3893 		ga_clear(&end_ga);
3894 		return FAIL;
3895 	    }
3896 	    *(((int *)end_ga.ga_data) + end_ga.ga_len) = instr->ga_len;
3897 	    ++end_ga.ga_len;
3898 	    generate_JUMP(cctx, opchar == '|'
3899 			 ?  JUMP_AND_KEEP_IF_TRUE : JUMP_AND_KEEP_IF_FALSE, 0);
3900 
3901 	    // eval the next expression
3902 	    *arg = skipwhite(p + 2);
3903 	    if (may_get_next_line(p + 2, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
3904 		return FAIL;
3905 
3906 	    if ((opchar == '|' ? compile_expr3(arg, cctx, ppconst)
3907 				  : compile_expr4(arg, cctx, ppconst)) == FAIL)
3908 	    {
3909 		ga_clear(&end_ga);
3910 		return FAIL;
3911 	    }
3912 
3913 	    p = may_peek_next_line(cctx, *arg, &next);
3914 	}
3915 	generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
3916 
3917 	// Fill in the end label in all jumps.
3918 	while (end_ga.ga_len > 0)
3919 	{
3920 	    isn_T	*isn;
3921 
3922 	    --end_ga.ga_len;
3923 	    isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data)
3924 				  + *(((int *)end_ga.ga_data) + end_ga.ga_len);
3925 	    isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
3926 	}
3927 	ga_clear(&end_ga);
3928     }
3929 
3930     return OK;
3931 }
3932 
3933 /*
3934  * expr4a && expr4a && expr4a	    logical AND
3935  *
3936  * Produces instructions:
3937  *	EVAL expr4a		Push result of "expr4a"
3938  *	JUMP_AND_KEEP_IF_FALSE end
3939  *	EVAL expr4b		Push result of "expr4b"
3940  *	JUMP_AND_KEEP_IF_FALSE end
3941  *	EVAL expr4c		Push result of "expr4c"
3942  * end:
3943  */
3944     static int
3945 compile_expr3(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
3946 {
3947     int		ppconst_used = ppconst->pp_used;
3948 
3949     // get the first variable
3950     if (compile_expr4(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3951 	return FAIL;
3952 
3953     // || and && work almost the same
3954     return compile_and_or(arg, cctx, "&&", ppconst, ppconst_used);
3955 }
3956 
3957 /*
3958  * expr3a || expr3b || expr3c	    logical OR
3959  *
3960  * Produces instructions:
3961  *	EVAL expr3a		Push result of "expr3a"
3962  *	JUMP_AND_KEEP_IF_TRUE end
3963  *	EVAL expr3b		Push result of "expr3b"
3964  *	JUMP_AND_KEEP_IF_TRUE end
3965  *	EVAL expr3c		Push result of "expr3c"
3966  * end:
3967  */
3968     static int
3969 compile_expr2(char_u **arg, cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
3970 {
3971     int		ppconst_used = ppconst->pp_used;
3972 
3973     // eval the first expression
3974     if (compile_expr3(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
3975 	return FAIL;
3976 
3977     // || and && work almost the same
3978     return compile_and_or(arg, cctx, "||", ppconst, ppconst_used);
3979 }
3980 
3981 /*
3982  * Toplevel expression: expr2 ? expr1a : expr1b
3983  *
3984  * Produces instructions:
3985  *	EVAL expr2		Push result of "expr"
3986  *      JUMP_IF_FALSE alt	jump if false
3987  *      EVAL expr1a
3988  *      JUMP_ALWAYS end
3989  * alt:	EVAL expr1b
3990  * end:
3991  */
3992     static int
3993 compile_expr1(char_u **arg,  cctx_T *cctx, ppconst_T *ppconst)
3994 {
3995     char_u	*p;
3996     int		ppconst_used = ppconst->pp_used;
3997     char_u	*next;
3998 
3999     // Evaluate the first expression.
4000     if (compile_expr2(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
4001 	return FAIL;
4002 
4003     p = may_peek_next_line(cctx, *arg, &next);
4004     if (*p == '?')
4005     {
4006 	garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
4007 	garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
4008 	int		alt_idx = instr->ga_len;
4009 	int		end_idx = 0;
4010 	isn_T		*isn;
4011 	type_T		*type1 = NULL;
4012 	type_T		*type2;
4013 	int		has_const_expr = FALSE;
4014 	int		const_value = FALSE;
4015 	int		save_skip = cctx->ctx_skip;
4016 
4017 	if (next != NULL)
4018 	{
4019 	    *arg = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
4020 	    p = skipwhite(*arg);
4021 	}
4022 
4023 	if (!IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(**arg) || !IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(p[1]))
4024 	{
4025 	    semsg(_(e_white_space_required_before_and_after), "?");
4026 	    return FAIL;
4027 	}
4028 
4029 	if (ppconst->pp_used == ppconst_used + 1)
4030 	{
4031 	    // the condition is a constant, we know whether the ? or the :
4032 	    // expression is to be evaluated.
4033 	    has_const_expr = TRUE;
4034 	    const_value = tv2bool(&ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used]);
4035 	    clear_tv(&ppconst->pp_tv[ppconst_used]);
4036 	    --ppconst->pp_used;
4037 	    cctx->ctx_skip = save_skip == SKIP_YES || !const_value
4038 							 ? SKIP_YES : SKIP_NOT;
4039 	}
4040 	else
4041 	{
4042 	    generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
4043 	    generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
4044 	}
4045 
4046 	// evaluate the second expression; any type is accepted
4047 	*arg = skipwhite(p + 1);
4048 	if (may_get_next_line(p + 1, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
4049 	    return FAIL;
4050 	if (compile_expr1(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
4051 	    return FAIL;
4052 
4053 	if (!has_const_expr)
4054 	{
4055 	    generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
4056 
4057 	    // remember the type and drop it
4058 	    --stack->ga_len;
4059 	    type1 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len];
4060 
4061 	    end_idx = instr->ga_len;
4062 	    generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_ALWAYS, 0);
4063 
4064 	    // jump here from JUMP_IF_FALSE
4065 	    isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + alt_idx;
4066 	    isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
4067 	}
4068 
4069 	// Check for the ":".
4070 	p = may_peek_next_line(cctx, *arg, &next);
4071 	if (*p != ':')
4072 	{
4073 	    emsg(_(e_missing_colon));
4074 	    return FAIL;
4075 	}
4076 	if (next != NULL)
4077 	{
4078 	    *arg = next_line_from_context(cctx, TRUE);
4079 	    p = skipwhite(*arg);
4080 	}
4081 
4082 	if (!IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(**arg) || !IS_WHITE_OR_NUL(p[1]))
4083 	{
4084 	    semsg(_(e_white_space_required_before_and_after), ":");
4085 	    return FAIL;
4086 	}
4087 
4088 	// evaluate the third expression
4089 	if (has_const_expr)
4090 	    cctx->ctx_skip = save_skip == SKIP_YES || const_value
4091 							 ? SKIP_YES : SKIP_NOT;
4092 	*arg = skipwhite(p + 1);
4093 	if (may_get_next_line(p + 1, arg, cctx) == FAIL)
4094 	    return FAIL;
4095 	if (compile_expr1(arg, cctx, ppconst) == FAIL)
4096 	    return FAIL;
4097 
4098 	if (!has_const_expr)
4099 	{
4100 	    generate_ppconst(cctx, ppconst);
4101 
4102 	    // If the types differ, the result has a more generic type.
4103 	    type2 = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
4104 	    common_type(type1, type2, &type2, cctx->ctx_type_list);
4105 
4106 	    // jump here from JUMP_ALWAYS
4107 	    isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + end_idx;
4108 	    isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
4109 	}
4110 
4111 	cctx->ctx_skip = save_skip;
4112     }
4113     return OK;
4114 }
4115 
4116 /*
4117  * Toplevel expression.
4118  */
4119     static int
4120 compile_expr0(char_u **arg,  cctx_T *cctx)
4121 {
4122     ppconst_T	ppconst;
4123 
4124     CLEAR_FIELD(ppconst);
4125     if (compile_expr1(arg, cctx, &ppconst) == FAIL)
4126     {
4127 	clear_ppconst(&ppconst);
4128 	return FAIL;
4129     }
4130     if (generate_ppconst(cctx, &ppconst) == FAIL)
4131 	return FAIL;
4132     return OK;
4133 }
4134 
4135 /*
4136  * compile "return [expr]"
4137  */
4138     static char_u *
4139 compile_return(char_u *arg, int set_return_type, cctx_T *cctx)
4140 {
4141     char_u	*p = arg;
4142     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
4143     type_T	*stack_type;
4144 
4145     if (*p != NUL && *p != '|' && *p != '\n')
4146     {
4147 	// compile return argument into instructions
4148 	if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
4149 	    return NULL;
4150 
4151 	stack_type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
4152 	if (set_return_type)
4153 	    cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type = stack_type;
4154 	else
4155 	{
4156 	    if (cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type->tt_type == VAR_VOID
4157 		    && stack_type->tt_type != VAR_VOID
4158 		    && stack_type->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
4159 	    {
4160 		emsg(_(e_returning_value_in_function_without_return_type));
4161 		return NULL;
4162 	    }
4163 	    if (need_type(stack_type, cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type, -1,
4164 							  cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
4165 	    return NULL;
4166 	}
4167     }
4168     else
4169     {
4170 	// "set_return_type" cannot be TRUE, only used for a lambda which
4171 	// always has an argument.
4172 	if (cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type->tt_type != VAR_VOID
4173 		&& cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_ret_type->tt_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
4174 	{
4175 	    emsg(_(e_missing_return_value));
4176 	    return NULL;
4177 	}
4178 
4179 	// No argument, return zero.
4180 	generate_PUSHNR(cctx, 0);
4181     }
4182 
4183     if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_RETURN) == NULL)
4184 	return NULL;
4185 
4186     // "return val | endif" is possible
4187     return skipwhite(p);
4188 }
4189 
4190 /*
4191  * Get a line from the compilation context, compatible with exarg_T getline().
4192  * Return a pointer to the line in allocated memory.
4193  * Return NULL for end-of-file or some error.
4194  */
4195     static char_u *
4196 exarg_getline(
4197 	int c UNUSED,
4198 	void *cookie,
4199 	int indent UNUSED,
4200 	int do_concat UNUSED)
4201 {
4202     cctx_T  *cctx = (cctx_T *)cookie;
4203 
4204     if (cctx->ctx_lnum == cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_lines.ga_len)
4205     {
4206 	iemsg("Heredoc got to end");
4207 	return NULL;
4208     }
4209     ++cctx->ctx_lnum;
4210     return vim_strsave(((char_u **)cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_lines.ga_data)
4211 							     [cctx->ctx_lnum]);
4212 }
4213 
4214 /*
4215  * Compile a nested :def command.
4216  */
4217     static char_u *
4218 compile_nested_function(exarg_T *eap, cctx_T *cctx)
4219 {
4220     int		is_global = *eap->arg == 'g' && eap->arg[1] == ':';
4221     char_u	*name_start = eap->arg;
4222     char_u	*name_end = to_name_end(eap->arg, TRUE);
4223     char_u	*lambda_name;
4224     lvar_T	*lvar;
4225     ufunc_T	*ufunc;
4226     int		r;
4227 
4228     // Only g:Func() can use a namespace.
4229     if (name_start[1] == ':' && !is_global)
4230     {
4231 	semsg(_(e_namespace_not_supported_str), name_start);
4232 	return NULL;
4233     }
4234     if (check_defined(name_start, name_end - name_start, cctx) == FAIL)
4235 	return NULL;
4236 
4237     eap->arg = name_end;
4238     eap->getline = exarg_getline;
4239     eap->cookie = cctx;
4240     eap->skip = cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES;
4241     eap->forceit = FALSE;
4242     lambda_name = get_lambda_name();
4243     ufunc = def_function(eap, lambda_name);
4244 
4245     if (ufunc == NULL)
4246 	return NULL;
4247     if (ufunc->uf_def_status == UF_TO_BE_COMPILED
4248 	    && compile_def_function(ufunc, TRUE, cctx) == FAIL)
4249 	return NULL;
4250 
4251     if (is_global)
4252     {
4253 	char_u *func_name = vim_strnsave(name_start + 2,
4254 						    name_end - name_start - 2);
4255 
4256 	if (func_name == NULL)
4257 	    r = FAIL;
4258 	else
4259 	    r = generate_NEWFUNC(cctx, lambda_name, func_name);
4260     }
4261     else
4262     {
4263 	// Define a local variable for the function reference.
4264 	lvar = reserve_local(cctx, name_start, name_end - name_start,
4265 						    TRUE, ufunc->uf_func_type);
4266 	if (lvar == NULL)
4267 	    return NULL;
4268 	if (generate_FUNCREF(cctx, ufunc) == FAIL)
4269 	    return NULL;
4270 	r = generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STORE, lvar->lv_idx, NULL);
4271     }
4272 
4273     // TODO: warning for trailing text?
4274     return r == FAIL ? NULL : (char_u *)"";
4275 }
4276 
4277 /*
4278  * Return the length of an assignment operator, or zero if there isn't one.
4279  */
4280     int
4281 assignment_len(char_u *p, int *heredoc)
4282 {
4283     if (*p == '=')
4284     {
4285 	if (p[1] == '<' && p[2] == '<')
4286 	{
4287 	    *heredoc = TRUE;
4288 	    return 3;
4289 	}
4290 	return 1;
4291     }
4292     if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"+-*/%", *p) != NULL && p[1] == '=')
4293 	return 2;
4294     if (STRNCMP(p, "..=", 3) == 0)
4295 	return 3;
4296     return 0;
4297 }
4298 
4299 // words that cannot be used as a variable
4300 static char *reserved[] = {
4301     "true",
4302     "false",
4303     NULL
4304 };
4305 
4306 typedef enum {
4307     dest_local,
4308     dest_option,
4309     dest_env,
4310     dest_global,
4311     dest_buffer,
4312     dest_window,
4313     dest_tab,
4314     dest_vimvar,
4315     dest_script,
4316     dest_reg,
4317 } assign_dest_T;
4318 
4319 /*
4320  * Generate the load instruction for "name".
4321  */
4322     static void
4323 generate_loadvar(
4324 	cctx_T		*cctx,
4325 	assign_dest_T	dest,
4326 	char_u		*name,
4327 	lvar_T		*lvar,
4328 	type_T		*type)
4329 {
4330     switch (dest)
4331     {
4332 	case dest_option:
4333 	    // TODO: check the option exists
4334 	    generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADOPT, 0, name, type);
4335 	    break;
4336 	case dest_global:
4337 	    generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADG, 0, name + 2, type);
4338 	    break;
4339 	case dest_buffer:
4340 	    generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADB, 0, name + 2, type);
4341 	    break;
4342 	case dest_window:
4343 	    generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADW, 0, name + 2, type);
4344 	    break;
4345 	case dest_tab:
4346 	    generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADT, 0, name + 2, type);
4347 	    break;
4348 	case dest_script:
4349 	    compile_load_scriptvar(cctx,
4350 		    name + (name[1] == ':' ? 2 : 0), NULL, NULL, TRUE);
4351 	    break;
4352 	case dest_env:
4353 	    // Include $ in the name here
4354 	    generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADENV, 0, name, type);
4355 	    break;
4356 	case dest_reg:
4357 	    generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADREG, name[1], NULL, &t_string);
4358 	    break;
4359 	case dest_vimvar:
4360 	    generate_LOADV(cctx, name + 2, TRUE);
4361 	    break;
4362 	case dest_local:
4363 	    if (lvar->lv_from_outer)
4364 		generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOADOUTER, lvar->lv_idx,
4365 							   NULL, type);
4366 	    else
4367 		generate_LOAD(cctx, ISN_LOAD, lvar->lv_idx, NULL, type);
4368 	    break;
4369     }
4370 }
4371 
4372     void
4373 vim9_declare_error(char_u *name)
4374 {
4375     char *scope = "";
4376 
4377     switch (*name)
4378     {
4379 	case 'g': scope = _("global"); break;
4380 	case 'b': scope = _("buffer"); break;
4381 	case 'w': scope = _("window"); break;
4382 	case 't': scope = _("tab"); break;
4383 	case 'v': scope = "v:"; break;
4384 	case '$': semsg(_(e_cannot_declare_an_environment_variable), name);
4385 		  return;
4386 	case '&': semsg(_(e_cannot_declare_an_option), name);
4387 		  return;
4388 	case '@': semsg(_(e_cannot_declare_a_register), name);
4389 		  return;
4390 	default: return;
4391     }
4392     semsg(_(e_cannot_declare_a_scope_variable), scope, name);
4393 }
4394 
4395 /*
4396  * Compile declaration and assignment:
4397  * "let var", "let var = expr", "const var = expr" and "var = expr"
4398  * "arg" points to "var".
4399  * Return NULL for an error.
4400  * Return "arg" if it does not look like a variable list.
4401  */
4402     static char_u *
4403 compile_assignment(char_u *arg, exarg_T *eap, cmdidx_T cmdidx, cctx_T *cctx)
4404 {
4405     char_u	*var_start;
4406     char_u	*p;
4407     char_u	*end = arg;
4408     char_u	*ret = NULL;
4409     int		var_count = 0;
4410     int		var_idx;
4411     int		scriptvar_sid = 0;
4412     int		scriptvar_idx = -1;
4413     int		semicolon = 0;
4414     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
4415     garray_T    *stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
4416     char_u	*op;
4417     int		oplen = 0;
4418     int		heredoc = FALSE;
4419     type_T	*type = &t_any;
4420     type_T	*member_type = &t_any;
4421     char_u	*name = NULL;
4422     char_u	*sp;
4423     int		is_decl = cmdidx == CMD_let || cmdidx == CMD_const;
4424 
4425     // Skip over the "var" or "[var, var]" to get to any "=".
4426     p = skip_var_list(arg, TRUE, &var_count, &semicolon, TRUE);
4427     if (p == NULL)
4428 	return *arg == '[' ? arg : NULL;
4429 
4430     if (var_count > 0 && is_decl)
4431     {
4432 	// TODO: should we allow this, and figure out type inference from list
4433 	// members?
4434 	emsg(_(e_cannot_use_list_for_declaration));
4435 	return NULL;
4436     }
4437 
4438     sp = p;
4439     p = skipwhite(p);
4440     op = p;
4441     oplen = assignment_len(p, &heredoc);
4442 
4443     if (var_count > 0 && oplen == 0)
4444 	// can be something like "[1, 2]->func()"
4445 	return arg;
4446 
4447     if (oplen > 0 && (!VIM_ISWHITE(*sp) || !VIM_ISWHITE(op[oplen])))
4448     {
4449 	error_white_both(op, oplen);
4450 	return NULL;
4451     }
4452 
4453     if (heredoc)
4454     {
4455 	list_T	   *l;
4456 	listitem_T *li;
4457 
4458 	// [let] varname =<< [trim] {end}
4459 	eap->getline = exarg_getline;
4460 	eap->cookie = cctx;
4461 	l = heredoc_get(eap, op + 3, FALSE);
4462 
4463 	// Push each line and the create the list.
4464 	FOR_ALL_LIST_ITEMS(l, li)
4465 	{
4466 	    generate_PUSHS(cctx, li->li_tv.vval.v_string);
4467 	    li->li_tv.vval.v_string = NULL;
4468 	}
4469 	generate_NEWLIST(cctx, l->lv_len);
4470 	type = &t_list_string;
4471 	member_type = &t_list_string;
4472 	list_free(l);
4473 	p += STRLEN(p);
4474 	end = p;
4475     }
4476     else if (var_count > 0)
4477     {
4478 	// for "[var, var] = expr" evaluate the expression here, loop over the
4479 	// list of variables below.
4480 
4481 	p = skipwhite(op + oplen);
4482 	if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
4483 	    return NULL;
4484 	end = p;
4485 
4486 	if (cctx->ctx_skip != SKIP_YES)
4487 	{
4488 	    type_T	*stacktype;
4489 
4490 	    stacktype = stack->ga_len == 0 ? &t_void
4491 			      : ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
4492 	    if (stacktype->tt_type == VAR_VOID)
4493 	    {
4494 		emsg(_(e_cannot_use_void_value));
4495 		goto theend;
4496 	    }
4497 	    if (need_type(stacktype, &t_list_any, -1, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
4498 		goto theend;
4499 	    // TODO: check the length of a constant list here
4500 	    generate_CHECKLEN(cctx, semicolon ? var_count - 1 : var_count,
4501 								    semicolon);
4502 	}
4503     }
4504 
4505     /*
4506      * Loop over variables in "[var, var] = expr".
4507      * For "var = expr" and "let var: type" this is done only once.
4508      */
4509     if (var_count > 0)
4510 	var_start = skipwhite(arg + 1);  // skip over the "["
4511     else
4512 	var_start = arg;
4513     for (var_idx = 0; var_idx == 0 || var_idx < var_count; var_idx++)
4514     {
4515 	char_u		*var_end = skip_var_one(var_start, FALSE);
4516 	size_t		varlen;
4517 	int		new_local = FALSE;
4518 	int		opt_type;
4519 	int		opt_flags = 0;
4520 	assign_dest_T	dest = dest_local;
4521 	int		vimvaridx = -1;
4522 	lvar_T		*lvar = NULL;
4523 	lvar_T		arg_lvar;
4524 	int		has_type = FALSE;
4525 	int		has_index = FALSE;
4526 	int		instr_count = -1;
4527 
4528 	if (*var_start == '@')
4529 	    p = var_start + 2;
4530 	else
4531 	{
4532 	    p = (*var_start == '&' || *var_start == '$')
4533 						   ? var_start + 1 : var_start;
4534 	    p = to_name_end(p, TRUE);
4535 	}
4536 
4537 	// "a: type" is declaring variable "a" with a type, not "a:".
4538 	if (is_decl && var_end == var_start + 2 && var_end[-1] == ':')
4539 	    --var_end;
4540 	if (is_decl && p == var_start + 2 && p[-1] == ':')
4541 	    --p;
4542 
4543 	varlen = p - var_start;
4544 	vim_free(name);
4545 	name = vim_strnsave(var_start, varlen);
4546 	if (name == NULL)
4547 	    return NULL;
4548 	if (!heredoc)
4549 	    type = &t_any;
4550 
4551 	if (cctx->ctx_skip != SKIP_YES)
4552 	{
4553 	    int	    declare_error = FALSE;
4554 
4555 	    if (*var_start == '&')
4556 	    {
4557 		int	    cc;
4558 		long	    numval;
4559 
4560 		dest = dest_option;
4561 		if (cmdidx == CMD_const)
4562 		{
4563 		    emsg(_(e_const_option));
4564 		    goto theend;
4565 		}
4566 		declare_error = is_decl;
4567 		p = var_start;
4568 		p = find_option_end(&p, &opt_flags);
4569 		if (p == NULL)
4570 		{
4571 		    // cannot happen?
4572 		    emsg(_(e_letunexp));
4573 		    goto theend;
4574 		}
4575 		cc = *p;
4576 		*p = NUL;
4577 		opt_type = get_option_value(var_start + 1, &numval,
4578 							      NULL, opt_flags);
4579 		*p = cc;
4580 		if (opt_type == -3)
4581 		{
4582 		    semsg(_(e_unknown_option), var_start);
4583 		    goto theend;
4584 		}
4585 		if (opt_type == -2 || opt_type == 0)
4586 		    type = &t_string;
4587 		else
4588 		    type = &t_number;	// both number and boolean option
4589 	    }
4590 	    else if (*var_start == '$')
4591 	    {
4592 		dest = dest_env;
4593 		type = &t_string;
4594 		declare_error = is_decl;
4595 	    }
4596 	    else if (*var_start == '@')
4597 	    {
4598 		if (!valid_yank_reg(var_start[1], FALSE) || var_start[1] == '.')
4599 		{
4600 		    emsg_invreg(var_start[1]);
4601 		    goto theend;
4602 		}
4603 		dest = dest_reg;
4604 		type = &t_string;
4605 		declare_error = is_decl;
4606 	    }
4607 	    else if (varlen > 1 && STRNCMP(var_start, "g:", 2) == 0)
4608 	    {
4609 		dest = dest_global;
4610 		declare_error = is_decl;
4611 	    }
4612 	    else if (varlen > 1 && STRNCMP(var_start, "b:", 2) == 0)
4613 	    {
4614 		dest = dest_buffer;
4615 		declare_error = is_decl;
4616 	    }
4617 	    else if (varlen > 1 && STRNCMP(var_start, "w:", 2) == 0)
4618 	    {
4619 		dest = dest_window;
4620 		declare_error = is_decl;
4621 	    }
4622 	    else if (varlen > 1 && STRNCMP(var_start, "t:", 2) == 0)
4623 	    {
4624 		dest = dest_tab;
4625 		declare_error = is_decl;
4626 	    }
4627 	    else if (varlen > 1 && STRNCMP(var_start, "v:", 2) == 0)
4628 	    {
4629 		typval_T	*vtv;
4630 		int		di_flags;
4631 
4632 		vimvaridx = find_vim_var(name + 2, &di_flags);
4633 		if (vimvaridx < 0)
4634 		{
4635 		    semsg(_(e_variable_not_found_str), var_start);
4636 		    goto theend;
4637 		}
4638 		// We use the current value of "sandbox" here, is that OK?
4639 		if (var_check_ro(di_flags, name, FALSE))
4640 		    goto theend;
4641 		dest = dest_vimvar;
4642 		vtv = get_vim_var_tv(vimvaridx);
4643 		type = typval2type_vimvar(vtv, cctx->ctx_type_list);
4644 		declare_error = is_decl;
4645 	    }
4646 	    else
4647 	    {
4648 		int	    idx;
4649 
4650 		for (idx = 0; reserved[idx] != NULL; ++idx)
4651 		    if (STRCMP(reserved[idx], name) == 0)
4652 		    {
4653 			semsg(_(e_cannot_use_reserved_name), name);
4654 			goto theend;
4655 		    }
4656 
4657 		lvar = lookup_local(var_start, varlen, cctx);
4658 		if (lvar == NULL)
4659 		{
4660 		    CLEAR_FIELD(arg_lvar);
4661 		    if (lookup_arg(var_start, varlen,
4662 				&arg_lvar.lv_idx, &arg_lvar.lv_type,
4663 				&arg_lvar.lv_from_outer, cctx) == OK)
4664 		    {
4665 			if (is_decl)
4666 			{
4667 			    semsg(_(e_str_is_used_as_argument), name);
4668 			    goto theend;
4669 			}
4670 			lvar = &arg_lvar;
4671 		    }
4672 		}
4673 		if (lvar != NULL)
4674 		{
4675 		    if (is_decl)
4676 		    {
4677 			semsg(_(e_variable_already_declared), name);
4678 			goto theend;
4679 		    }
4680 		    else if (lvar->lv_const)
4681 		    {
4682 			semsg(_(e_cannot_assign_to_constant), name);
4683 			goto theend;
4684 		    }
4685 		}
4686 		else
4687 		{
4688 		    int script_namespace = varlen > 1
4689 					   && STRNCMP(var_start, "s:", 2) == 0;
4690 		    int script_var = (script_namespace
4691 				? lookup_script(var_start + 2, varlen - 2)
4692 				: lookup_script(var_start, varlen)) == OK;
4693 		    imported_T  *import =
4694 					find_imported(var_start, varlen, cctx);
4695 
4696 		    if (script_namespace || script_var || import != NULL)
4697 		    {
4698 			char_u	*rawname = name + (name[1] == ':' ? 2 : 0);
4699 
4700 			if (is_decl)
4701 			{
4702 			    if (script_namespace)
4703 				semsg(_(e_cannot_declare_script_variable_in_function),
4704 									 name);
4705 			    else
4706 				semsg(_(e_variable_already_declared_in_script),
4707 									 name);
4708 			    goto theend;
4709 			}
4710 			else if (cctx->ctx_ufunc->uf_script_ctx_version
4711 							== SCRIPT_VERSION_VIM9
4712 				&& script_namespace
4713 					      && !script_var && import == NULL)
4714 			{
4715 			    semsg(_(e_unknown_variable_str), name);
4716 			    goto theend;
4717 			}
4718 
4719 			dest = dest_script;
4720 
4721 			// existing script-local variables should have a type
4722 			scriptvar_sid = current_sctx.sc_sid;
4723 			if (import != NULL)
4724 			    scriptvar_sid = import->imp_sid;
4725 			scriptvar_idx = get_script_item_idx(scriptvar_sid,
4726 								rawname, TRUE);
4727 			if (scriptvar_idx >= 0)
4728 			{
4729 			    scriptitem_T *si = SCRIPT_ITEM(scriptvar_sid);
4730 			    svar_T	     *sv =
4731 					    ((svar_T *)si->sn_var_vals.ga_data)
4732 							       + scriptvar_idx;
4733 			    type = sv->sv_type;
4734 			}
4735 		    }
4736 		    else if (name[1] == ':' && name[2] != NUL)
4737 		    {
4738 			semsg(_(e_cannot_use_namespaced_variable), name);
4739 			goto theend;
4740 		    }
4741 		    else if (!is_decl)
4742 		    {
4743 			semsg(_(e_unknown_variable_str), name);
4744 			goto theend;
4745 		    }
4746 		    else if (check_defined(var_start, varlen, cctx) == FAIL)
4747 			goto theend;
4748 		}
4749 	    }
4750 
4751 	    if (declare_error)
4752 	    {
4753 		vim9_declare_error(name);
4754 		goto theend;
4755 	    }
4756 	}
4757 
4758 	// handle "a:name" as a name, not index "name" on "a"
4759 	if (varlen > 1 || var_start[varlen] != ':')
4760 	    p = var_end;
4761 
4762 	if (dest != dest_option)
4763 	{
4764 	    if (is_decl && *p == ':')
4765 	    {
4766 		// parse optional type: "let var: type = expr"
4767 		if (!VIM_ISWHITE(p[1]))
4768 		{
4769 		    semsg(_(e_white_space_required_after), ":");
4770 		    goto theend;
4771 		}
4772 		p = skipwhite(p + 1);
4773 		type = parse_type(&p, cctx->ctx_type_list);
4774 		has_type = TRUE;
4775 	    }
4776 	    else if (lvar != NULL)
4777 		type = lvar->lv_type;
4778 	}
4779 
4780 	if (oplen == 3 && !heredoc && dest != dest_global
4781 			&& type->tt_type != VAR_STRING
4782 			&& type->tt_type != VAR_ANY)
4783 	{
4784 	    emsg(_(e_can_only_concatenate_to_string));
4785 	    goto theend;
4786 	}
4787 
4788 	if (lvar == NULL && dest == dest_local && cctx->ctx_skip != SKIP_YES)
4789 	{
4790 	    if (oplen > 1 && !heredoc)
4791 	    {
4792 		// +=, /=, etc. require an existing variable
4793 		semsg(_(e_cannot_use_operator_on_new_variable), name);
4794 		goto theend;
4795 	    }
4796 
4797 	    // new local variable
4798 	    if ((type->tt_type == VAR_FUNC || type->tt_type == VAR_PARTIAL)
4799 					    && var_wrong_func_name(name, TRUE))
4800 		goto theend;
4801 	    lvar = reserve_local(cctx, var_start, varlen,
4802 						    cmdidx == CMD_const, type);
4803 	    if (lvar == NULL)
4804 		goto theend;
4805 	    new_local = TRUE;
4806 	}
4807 
4808 	member_type = type;
4809 	if (var_end > var_start + varlen)
4810 	{
4811 	    // Something follows after the variable: "var[idx]".
4812 	    if (is_decl)
4813 	    {
4814 		emsg(_(e_cannot_use_index_when_declaring_variable));
4815 		goto theend;
4816 	    }
4817 
4818 	    if (var_start[varlen] == '[')
4819 	    {
4820 		has_index = TRUE;
4821 		if (type->tt_member == NULL)
4822 		    member_type = &t_any;
4823 		else
4824 		    member_type = type->tt_member;
4825 	    }
4826 	    else
4827 	    {
4828 		semsg("Not supported yet: %s", var_start);
4829 		goto theend;
4830 	    }
4831 	}
4832 	else if (lvar == &arg_lvar)
4833 	{
4834 	    semsg(_(e_cannot_assign_to_argument), name);
4835 	    goto theend;
4836 	}
4837 
4838 	if (!heredoc)
4839 	{
4840 	    if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES)
4841 	    {
4842 		if (oplen > 0 && var_count == 0)
4843 		{
4844 		    // skip over the "=" and the expression
4845 		    p = skipwhite(op + oplen);
4846 		    compile_expr0(&p, cctx);
4847 		}
4848 	    }
4849 	    else if (oplen > 0)
4850 	    {
4851 		type_T	*stacktype;
4852 
4853 		// For "var = expr" evaluate the expression.
4854 		if (var_count == 0)
4855 		{
4856 		    int	r;
4857 
4858 		    // for "+=", "*=", "..=" etc. first load the current value
4859 		    if (*op != '=')
4860 		    {
4861 			generate_loadvar(cctx, dest, name, lvar, type);
4862 
4863 			if (has_index)
4864 			{
4865 			    // TODO: get member from list or dict
4866 			    emsg("Index with operation not supported yet");
4867 			    goto theend;
4868 			}
4869 		    }
4870 
4871 		    // Compile the expression.  Temporarily hide the new local
4872 		    // variable here, it is not available to this expression.
4873 		    if (new_local)
4874 			--cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len;
4875 		    instr_count = instr->ga_len;
4876 		    p = skipwhite(op + oplen);
4877 		    r = compile_expr0(&p, cctx);
4878 		    if (new_local)
4879 			++cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len;
4880 		    if (r == FAIL)
4881 			goto theend;
4882 		}
4883 		else if (semicolon && var_idx == var_count - 1)
4884 		{
4885 		    // For "[var; var] = expr" get the rest of the list
4886 		    if (generate_SLICE(cctx, var_count - 1) == FAIL)
4887 			goto theend;
4888 		}
4889 		else
4890 		{
4891 		    // For "[var, var] = expr" get the "var_idx" item from the
4892 		    // list.
4893 		    if (generate_GETITEM(cctx, var_idx) == FAIL)
4894 			return FAIL;
4895 		}
4896 
4897 		stacktype = stack->ga_len == 0 ? &t_void
4898 			      : ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
4899 		if (lvar != NULL && (is_decl || !has_type))
4900 		{
4901 		    if (new_local && !has_type)
4902 		    {
4903 			if (stacktype->tt_type == VAR_VOID)
4904 			{
4905 			    emsg(_(e_cannot_use_void_value));
4906 			    goto theend;
4907 			}
4908 			else if ((stacktype->tt_type == VAR_FUNC
4909 				    || stacktype->tt_type == VAR_PARTIAL)
4910 					    && var_wrong_func_name(name, TRUE))
4911 			{
4912 			    goto theend;
4913 			}
4914 			else
4915 			{
4916 			    // An empty list or dict has a &t_void member,
4917 			    // for a variable that implies &t_any.
4918 			    if (stacktype == &t_list_empty)
4919 				lvar->lv_type = &t_list_any;
4920 			    else if (stacktype == &t_dict_empty)
4921 				lvar->lv_type = &t_dict_any;
4922 			    else
4923 				lvar->lv_type = stacktype;
4924 			}
4925 		    }
4926 		    else
4927 		    {
4928 			type_T *use_type = lvar->lv_type;
4929 
4930 			if (has_index)
4931 			{
4932 			    use_type = use_type->tt_member;
4933 			    if (use_type == NULL)
4934 				use_type = &t_void;
4935 			}
4936 			if (need_type(stacktype, use_type, -1, cctx, FALSE)
4937 								   == FAIL)
4938 			    goto theend;
4939 		    }
4940 		}
4941 		else if (*p != '=' && need_type(stacktype, member_type, -1,
4942 							  cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
4943 		    goto theend;
4944 	    }
4945 	    else if (cmdidx == CMD_const)
4946 	    {
4947 		emsg(_(e_const_requires_a_value));
4948 		goto theend;
4949 	    }
4950 	    else if (!has_type || dest == dest_option)
4951 	    {
4952 		emsg(_(e_type_or_initialization_required));
4953 		goto theend;
4954 	    }
4955 	    else
4956 	    {
4957 		// variables are always initialized
4958 		if (ga_grow(instr, 1) == FAIL)
4959 		    goto theend;
4960 		switch (member_type->tt_type)
4961 		{
4962 		    case VAR_BOOL:
4963 			generate_PUSHBOOL(cctx, VVAL_FALSE);
4964 			break;
4965 		    case VAR_FLOAT:
4966 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
4967 			generate_PUSHF(cctx, 0.0);
4968 #endif
4969 			break;
4970 		    case VAR_STRING:
4971 			generate_PUSHS(cctx, NULL);
4972 			break;
4973 		    case VAR_BLOB:
4974 			generate_PUSHBLOB(cctx, NULL);
4975 			break;
4976 		    case VAR_FUNC:
4977 			generate_PUSHFUNC(cctx, NULL, &t_func_void);
4978 			break;
4979 		    case VAR_LIST:
4980 			generate_NEWLIST(cctx, 0);
4981 			break;
4982 		    case VAR_DICT:
4983 			generate_NEWDICT(cctx, 0);
4984 			break;
4985 		    case VAR_JOB:
4986 			generate_PUSHJOB(cctx, NULL);
4987 			break;
4988 		    case VAR_CHANNEL:
4989 			generate_PUSHCHANNEL(cctx, NULL);
4990 			break;
4991 		    case VAR_NUMBER:
4992 		    case VAR_UNKNOWN:
4993 		    case VAR_ANY:
4994 		    case VAR_PARTIAL:
4995 		    case VAR_VOID:
4996 		    case VAR_SPECIAL:  // cannot happen
4997 			generate_PUSHNR(cctx, 0);
4998 			break;
4999 		}
5000 	    }
5001 	    if (var_count == 0)
5002 		end = p;
5003 	}
5004 
5005 	// no need to parse more when skipping
5006 	if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES)
5007 	    break;
5008 
5009 	if (oplen > 0 && *op != '=')
5010 	{
5011 	    type_T	    *expected = &t_number;
5012 	    type_T	    *stacktype;
5013 
5014 	    // TODO: if type is known use float or any operation
5015 	    // TODO: check operator matches variable type
5016 
5017 	    if (*op == '.')
5018 		expected = &t_string;
5019 	    else if (*op == '+')
5020 		expected = member_type;
5021 	    stacktype = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
5022 	    if (need_type(stacktype, expected, -1, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
5023 		goto theend;
5024 
5025 	    if (*op == '.')
5026 	    {
5027 		if (generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_CONCAT, 1) == NULL)
5028 		    goto theend;
5029 	    }
5030 	    else if (*op == '+')
5031 	    {
5032 		if (generate_add_instr(cctx,
5033 			    operator_type(member_type, stacktype),
5034 					       member_type, stacktype) == FAIL)
5035 		    goto theend;
5036 	    }
5037 	    else
5038 	    {
5039 		isn_T *isn = generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_OPNR, 1);
5040 
5041 		if (isn == NULL)
5042 		    goto theend;
5043 		switch (*op)
5044 		{
5045 		    case '-': isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_SUB; break;
5046 		    case '*': isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_MULT; break;
5047 		    case '/': isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_DIV; break;
5048 		    case '%': isn->isn_arg.op.op_type = EXPR_REM; break;
5049 		}
5050 	    }
5051 	}
5052 
5053 	if (has_index)
5054 	{
5055 	    int r;
5056 
5057 	    // Compile the "idx" in "var[idx]".
5058 	    if (new_local)
5059 		--cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len;
5060 	    p = skipwhite(var_start + varlen + 1);
5061 	    r = compile_expr0(&p, cctx);
5062 	    if (new_local)
5063 		++cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len;
5064 	    if (r == FAIL)
5065 		goto theend;
5066 	    if (*skipwhite(p) != ']')
5067 	    {
5068 		// this should not happen
5069 		emsg(_(e_missbrac));
5070 		goto theend;
5071 	    }
5072 	    if (type == &t_any)
5073 	    {
5074 		type_T	    *idx_type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[
5075 							    stack->ga_len - 1];
5076 		// Index on variable of unknown type: guess the type from the
5077 		// index type: number is dict, otherwise dict.
5078 		// TODO: should do the assignment at runtime
5079 		if (idx_type->tt_type == VAR_NUMBER)
5080 		    type = &t_list_any;
5081 		else
5082 		    type = &t_dict_any;
5083 	    }
5084 	    if (type->tt_type == VAR_DICT
5085 		    && may_generate_2STRING(-1, cctx) == FAIL)
5086 		goto theend;
5087 	    if (type->tt_type == VAR_LIST
5088 		    && ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1]->tt_type
5089 								 != VAR_NUMBER)
5090 	    {
5091 		emsg(_(e_number_exp));
5092 		goto theend;
5093 	    }
5094 
5095 	    // Load the dict or list.  On the stack we then have:
5096 	    // - value
5097 	    // - index
5098 	    // - variable
5099 	    generate_loadvar(cctx, dest, name, lvar, type);
5100 
5101 	    if (type->tt_type == VAR_LIST)
5102 	    {
5103 		if (generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STORELIST, 3) == FAIL)
5104 		    return FAIL;
5105 	    }
5106 	    else if (type->tt_type == VAR_DICT)
5107 	    {
5108 		if (generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_STOREDICT, 3) == FAIL)
5109 		    return FAIL;
5110 	    }
5111 	    else
5112 	    {
5113 		emsg(_(e_listreq));
5114 		goto theend;
5115 	    }
5116 	}
5117 	else
5118 	{
5119 	    switch (dest)
5120 	    {
5121 		case dest_option:
5122 		    generate_STOREOPT(cctx, name + 1, opt_flags);
5123 		    break;
5124 		case dest_global:
5125 		    // include g: with the name, easier to execute that way
5126 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREG, 0, name);
5127 		    break;
5128 		case dest_buffer:
5129 		    // include b: with the name, easier to execute that way
5130 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREB, 0, name);
5131 		    break;
5132 		case dest_window:
5133 		    // include w: with the name, easier to execute that way
5134 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREW, 0, name);
5135 		    break;
5136 		case dest_tab:
5137 		    // include t: with the name, easier to execute that way
5138 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STORET, 0, name);
5139 		    break;
5140 		case dest_env:
5141 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREENV, 0, name + 1);
5142 		    break;
5143 		case dest_reg:
5144 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREREG, name[1], NULL);
5145 		    break;
5146 		case dest_vimvar:
5147 		    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREV, vimvaridx, NULL);
5148 		    break;
5149 		case dest_script:
5150 		    {
5151 			if (scriptvar_idx < 0)
5152 			{
5153 			    char_u *name_s = name;
5154 
5155 			    // Include s: in the name for store_var()
5156 			    if (name[1] != ':')
5157 			    {
5158 				int len = (int)STRLEN(name) + 3;
5159 
5160 				name_s = alloc(len);
5161 				if (name_s == NULL)
5162 				    name_s = name;
5163 				else
5164 				    vim_snprintf((char *)name_s, len,
5165 								 "s:%s", name);
5166 			    }
5167 			    generate_OLDSCRIPT(cctx, ISN_STORES, name_s,
5168 							  scriptvar_sid, type);
5169 			    if (name_s != name)
5170 				vim_free(name_s);
5171 			}
5172 			else
5173 			    generate_VIM9SCRIPT(cctx, ISN_STORESCRIPT,
5174 					   scriptvar_sid, scriptvar_idx, type);
5175 		    }
5176 		    break;
5177 		case dest_local:
5178 		    if (lvar != NULL)
5179 		    {
5180 			isn_T *isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data)
5181 							   + instr->ga_len - 1;
5182 
5183 			// optimization: turn "var = 123" from ISN_PUSHNR +
5184 			// ISN_STORE into ISN_STORENR
5185 			if (!lvar->lv_from_outer
5186 					&& instr->ga_len == instr_count + 1
5187 					&& isn->isn_type == ISN_PUSHNR)
5188 			{
5189 			    varnumber_T val = isn->isn_arg.number;
5190 
5191 			    isn->isn_type = ISN_STORENR;
5192 			    isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_idx = lvar->lv_idx;
5193 			    isn->isn_arg.storenr.stnr_val = val;
5194 			    if (stack->ga_len > 0)
5195 				--stack->ga_len;
5196 			}
5197 			else if (lvar->lv_from_outer)
5198 			    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STOREOUTER, lvar->lv_idx,
5199 									 NULL);
5200 			else
5201 			    generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STORE, lvar->lv_idx, NULL);
5202 		    }
5203 		    break;
5204 	    }
5205 	}
5206 
5207 	if (var_idx + 1 < var_count)
5208 	    var_start = skipwhite(var_end + 1);
5209     }
5210 
5211     // for "[var, var] = expr" drop the "expr" value
5212     if (var_count > 0 && !semicolon)
5213     {
5214 	    if (generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_DROP, 1) == NULL)
5215 	    goto theend;
5216     }
5217 
5218     ret = skipwhite(end);
5219 
5220 theend:
5221     vim_free(name);
5222     return ret;
5223 }
5224 
5225 /*
5226  * Check if "name" can be "unlet".
5227  */
5228     int
5229 check_vim9_unlet(char_u *name)
5230 {
5231     if (name[1] != ':' || vim_strchr((char_u *)"gwtb", *name) == NULL)
5232     {
5233 	semsg(_(e_cannot_unlet_str), name);
5234 	return FAIL;
5235     }
5236     return OK;
5237 }
5238 
5239 /*
5240  * Callback passed to ex_unletlock().
5241  */
5242     static int
5243 compile_unlet(
5244     lval_T  *lvp,
5245     char_u  *name_end,
5246     exarg_T *eap,
5247     int	    deep UNUSED,
5248     void    *coookie)
5249 {
5250     cctx_T *cctx = coookie;
5251 
5252     if (lvp->ll_tv == NULL)
5253     {
5254 	char_u	*p = lvp->ll_name;
5255 	int	cc = *name_end;
5256 	int	ret = OK;
5257 
5258 	// Normal name.  Only supports g:, w:, t: and b: namespaces.
5259 	*name_end = NUL;
5260 	if (*p == '$')
5261 	    ret = generate_UNLET(cctx, ISN_UNLETENV, p + 1, eap->forceit);
5262 	else if (check_vim9_unlet(p) == FAIL)
5263 	    ret = FAIL;
5264 	else
5265 	    ret = generate_UNLET(cctx, ISN_UNLET, p, eap->forceit);
5266 
5267 	*name_end = cc;
5268 	return ret;
5269     }
5270 
5271     // TODO: unlet {list}[idx]
5272     // TODO: unlet {dict}[key]
5273     emsg("Sorry, :unlet not fully implemented yet");
5274     return FAIL;
5275 }
5276 
5277 /*
5278  * compile "unlet var", "lock var" and "unlock var"
5279  * "arg" points to "var".
5280  */
5281     static char_u *
5282 compile_unletlock(char_u *arg, exarg_T *eap, cctx_T *cctx)
5283 {
5284     char_u *p = arg;
5285 
5286     if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_unlet)
5287     {
5288 	emsg("Sorry, :lock and unlock not implemented yet");
5289 	return NULL;
5290     }
5291 
5292     if (*p == '!')
5293     {
5294 	p = skipwhite(p + 1);
5295 	eap->forceit = TRUE;
5296     }
5297 
5298     ex_unletlock(eap, p, 0, GLV_NO_AUTOLOAD, compile_unlet, cctx);
5299     return eap->nextcmd == NULL ? (char_u *)"" : eap->nextcmd;
5300 }
5301 
5302 /*
5303  * Compile an :import command.
5304  */
5305     static char_u *
5306 compile_import(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5307 {
5308     return handle_import(arg, &cctx->ctx_imports, 0, NULL, cctx);
5309 }
5310 
5311 /*
5312  * generate a jump to the ":endif"/":endfor"/":endwhile"/":finally"/":endtry".
5313  */
5314     static int
5315 compile_jump_to_end(endlabel_T **el, jumpwhen_T when, cctx_T *cctx)
5316 {
5317     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5318     endlabel_T  *endlabel = ALLOC_CLEAR_ONE(endlabel_T);
5319 
5320     if (endlabel == NULL)
5321 	return FAIL;
5322     endlabel->el_next = *el;
5323     *el = endlabel;
5324     endlabel->el_end_label = instr->ga_len;
5325 
5326     generate_JUMP(cctx, when, 0);
5327     return OK;
5328 }
5329 
5330     static void
5331 compile_fill_jump_to_end(endlabel_T **el, cctx_T *cctx)
5332 {
5333     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5334 
5335     while (*el != NULL)
5336     {
5337 	endlabel_T  *cur = (*el);
5338 	isn_T	    *isn;
5339 
5340 	isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + cur->el_end_label;
5341 	isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
5342 	*el = cur->el_next;
5343 	vim_free(cur);
5344     }
5345 }
5346 
5347     static void
5348 compile_free_jump_to_end(endlabel_T **el)
5349 {
5350     while (*el != NULL)
5351     {
5352 	endlabel_T  *cur = (*el);
5353 
5354 	*el = cur->el_next;
5355 	vim_free(cur);
5356     }
5357 }
5358 
5359 /*
5360  * Create a new scope and set up the generic items.
5361  */
5362     static scope_T *
5363 new_scope(cctx_T *cctx, scopetype_T type)
5364 {
5365     scope_T *scope = ALLOC_CLEAR_ONE(scope_T);
5366 
5367     if (scope == NULL)
5368 	return NULL;
5369     scope->se_outer = cctx->ctx_scope;
5370     cctx->ctx_scope = scope;
5371     scope->se_type = type;
5372     scope->se_local_count = cctx->ctx_locals.ga_len;
5373     return scope;
5374 }
5375 
5376 /*
5377  * Free the current scope and go back to the outer scope.
5378  */
5379     static void
5380 drop_scope(cctx_T *cctx)
5381 {
5382     scope_T *scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5383 
5384     if (scope == NULL)
5385     {
5386 	iemsg("calling drop_scope() without a scope");
5387 	return;
5388     }
5389     cctx->ctx_scope = scope->se_outer;
5390     switch (scope->se_type)
5391     {
5392 	case IF_SCOPE:
5393 	    compile_free_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_if.is_end_label); break;
5394 	case FOR_SCOPE:
5395 	    compile_free_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_for.fs_end_label); break;
5396 	case WHILE_SCOPE:
5397 	    compile_free_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_while.ws_end_label); break;
5398 	case TRY_SCOPE:
5399 	    compile_free_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_try.ts_end_label); break;
5400 	case NO_SCOPE:
5401 	case BLOCK_SCOPE:
5402 	    break;
5403     }
5404     vim_free(scope);
5405 }
5406 
5407 /*
5408  * compile "if expr"
5409  *
5410  * "if expr" Produces instructions:
5411  *	EVAL expr		Push result of "expr"
5412  *	JUMP_IF_FALSE end
5413  *	... body ...
5414  * end:
5415  *
5416  * "if expr | else" Produces instructions:
5417  *	EVAL expr		Push result of "expr"
5418  *	JUMP_IF_FALSE else
5419  *	... body ...
5420  *	JUMP_ALWAYS end
5421  * else:
5422  *	... body ...
5423  * end:
5424  *
5425  * "if expr1 | elseif expr2 | else" Produces instructions:
5426  *	EVAL expr		Push result of "expr"
5427  *	JUMP_IF_FALSE elseif
5428  *	... body ...
5429  *	JUMP_ALWAYS end
5430  * elseif:
5431  *	EVAL expr		Push result of "expr"
5432  *	JUMP_IF_FALSE else
5433  *	... body ...
5434  *	JUMP_ALWAYS end
5435  * else:
5436  *	... body ...
5437  * end:
5438  */
5439     static char_u *
5440 compile_if(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5441 {
5442     char_u	*p = arg;
5443     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5444     int		instr_count = instr->ga_len;
5445     scope_T	*scope;
5446     skip_T	skip_save = cctx->ctx_skip;
5447     ppconst_T	ppconst;
5448 
5449     CLEAR_FIELD(ppconst);
5450     if (compile_expr1(&p, cctx, &ppconst) == FAIL)
5451     {
5452 	clear_ppconst(&ppconst);
5453 	return NULL;
5454     }
5455     if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES)
5456 	clear_ppconst(&ppconst);
5457     else if (instr->ga_len == instr_count && ppconst.pp_used == 1)
5458     {
5459 	// The expression results in a constant.
5460 	cctx->ctx_skip = tv2bool(&ppconst.pp_tv[0]) ? SKIP_NOT : SKIP_YES;
5461 	clear_ppconst(&ppconst);
5462     }
5463     else
5464     {
5465 	// Not a constant, generate instructions for the expression.
5466 	cctx->ctx_skip = SKIP_UNKNOWN;
5467 	if (generate_ppconst(cctx, &ppconst) == FAIL)
5468 	    return NULL;
5469     }
5470 
5471     scope = new_scope(cctx, IF_SCOPE);
5472     if (scope == NULL)
5473 	return NULL;
5474     scope->se_skip_save = skip_save;
5475     // "is_had_return" will be reset if any block does not end in :return
5476     scope->se_u.se_if.is_had_return = TRUE;
5477 
5478     if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_UNKNOWN)
5479     {
5480 	// "where" is set when ":elseif", "else" or ":endif" is found
5481 	scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label = instr->ga_len;
5482 	generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
5483     }
5484     else
5485 	scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label = -1;
5486 
5487     return p;
5488 }
5489 
5490     static char_u *
5491 compile_elseif(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5492 {
5493     char_u	*p = arg;
5494     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5495     int		instr_count = instr->ga_len;
5496     isn_T	*isn;
5497     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5498     ppconst_T	ppconst;
5499 
5500     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != IF_SCOPE)
5501     {
5502 	emsg(_(e_elseif_without_if));
5503 	return NULL;
5504     }
5505     unwind_locals(cctx, scope->se_local_count);
5506     if (!cctx->ctx_had_return)
5507 	scope->se_u.se_if.is_had_return = FALSE;
5508 
5509     if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_UNKNOWN)
5510     {
5511 	if (compile_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_if.is_end_label,
5512 						    JUMP_ALWAYS, cctx) == FAIL)
5513 	    return NULL;
5514 	// previous "if" or "elseif" jumps here
5515 	isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label;
5516 	isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
5517     }
5518 
5519     // compile "expr"; if we know it evaluates to FALSE skip the block
5520     CLEAR_FIELD(ppconst);
5521     if (compile_expr1(&p, cctx, &ppconst) == FAIL)
5522     {
5523 	clear_ppconst(&ppconst);
5524 	return NULL;
5525     }
5526     if (scope->se_skip_save == SKIP_YES)
5527 	clear_ppconst(&ppconst);
5528     else if (instr->ga_len == instr_count && ppconst.pp_used == 1)
5529     {
5530 	// The expression results in a constant.
5531 	// TODO: how about nesting?
5532 	cctx->ctx_skip = tv2bool(&ppconst.pp_tv[0]) ? SKIP_NOT : SKIP_YES;
5533 	clear_ppconst(&ppconst);
5534 	scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label = -1;
5535     }
5536     else
5537     {
5538 	// Not a constant, generate instructions for the expression.
5539 	cctx->ctx_skip = SKIP_UNKNOWN;
5540 	if (generate_ppconst(cctx, &ppconst) == FAIL)
5541 	    return NULL;
5542 
5543 	// "where" is set when ":elseif", "else" or ":endif" is found
5544 	scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label = instr->ga_len;
5545 	generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
5546     }
5547 
5548     return p;
5549 }
5550 
5551     static char_u *
5552 compile_else(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5553 {
5554     char_u	*p = arg;
5555     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5556     isn_T	*isn;
5557     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5558 
5559     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != IF_SCOPE)
5560     {
5561 	emsg(_(e_else_without_if));
5562 	return NULL;
5563     }
5564     unwind_locals(cctx, scope->se_local_count);
5565     if (!cctx->ctx_had_return)
5566 	scope->se_u.se_if.is_had_return = FALSE;
5567     scope->se_u.se_if.is_seen_else = TRUE;
5568 
5569     if (scope->se_skip_save != SKIP_YES)
5570     {
5571 	// jump from previous block to the end, unless the else block is empty
5572 	if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_UNKNOWN)
5573 	{
5574 	    if (!cctx->ctx_had_return
5575 		    && compile_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_if.is_end_label,
5576 						    JUMP_ALWAYS, cctx) == FAIL)
5577 		return NULL;
5578 	}
5579 
5580 	if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_UNKNOWN)
5581 	{
5582 	    if (scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label >= 0)
5583 	    {
5584 		// previous "if" or "elseif" jumps here
5585 		isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label;
5586 		isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
5587 		scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label = -1;
5588 	    }
5589 	}
5590 
5591 	if (cctx->ctx_skip != SKIP_UNKNOWN)
5592 	    cctx->ctx_skip = cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES ? SKIP_NOT : SKIP_YES;
5593     }
5594 
5595     return p;
5596 }
5597 
5598     static char_u *
5599 compile_endif(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5600 {
5601     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5602     ifscope_T	*ifscope;
5603     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5604     isn_T	*isn;
5605 
5606     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != IF_SCOPE)
5607     {
5608 	emsg(_(e_endif_without_if));
5609 	return NULL;
5610     }
5611     ifscope = &scope->se_u.se_if;
5612     unwind_locals(cctx, scope->se_local_count);
5613     if (!cctx->ctx_had_return)
5614 	ifscope->is_had_return = FALSE;
5615 
5616     if (scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label >= 0)
5617     {
5618 	// previous "if" or "elseif" jumps here
5619 	isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_if.is_if_label;
5620 	isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
5621     }
5622     // Fill in the "end" label in jumps at the end of the blocks.
5623     compile_fill_jump_to_end(&ifscope->is_end_label, cctx);
5624     cctx->ctx_skip = scope->se_skip_save;
5625 
5626     // If all the blocks end in :return and there is an :else then the
5627     // had_return flag is set.
5628     cctx->ctx_had_return = ifscope->is_had_return && ifscope->is_seen_else;
5629 
5630     drop_scope(cctx);
5631     return arg;
5632 }
5633 
5634 /*
5635  * compile "for var in expr"
5636  *
5637  * Produces instructions:
5638  *       PUSHNR -1
5639  *       STORE loop-idx		Set index to -1
5640  *       EVAL expr		Push result of "expr"
5641  * top:  FOR loop-idx, end	Increment index, use list on bottom of stack
5642  *				- if beyond end, jump to "end"
5643  *				- otherwise get item from list and push it
5644  *       STORE var		Store item in "var"
5645  *       ... body ...
5646  *       JUMP top		Jump back to repeat
5647  * end:	 DROP			Drop the result of "expr"
5648  *
5649  */
5650     static char_u *
5651 compile_for(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5652 {
5653     char_u	*p;
5654     size_t	varlen;
5655     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5656     garray_T	*stack = &cctx->ctx_type_stack;
5657     scope_T	*scope;
5658     lvar_T	*loop_lvar;	// loop iteration variable
5659     lvar_T	*var_lvar;	// variable for "var"
5660     type_T	*vartype;
5661 
5662     // TODO: list of variables: "for [key, value] in dict"
5663     // parse "var"
5664     for (p = arg; eval_isnamec1(*p); ++p)
5665 	;
5666     varlen = p - arg;
5667     var_lvar = lookup_local(arg, varlen, cctx);
5668     if (var_lvar != NULL)
5669     {
5670 	semsg(_(e_variable_already_declared), arg);
5671 	return NULL;
5672     }
5673 
5674     // consume "in"
5675     p = skipwhite(p);
5676     if (STRNCMP(p, "in", 2) != 0 || !VIM_ISWHITE(p[2]))
5677     {
5678 	emsg(_(e_missing_in));
5679 	return NULL;
5680     }
5681     p = skipwhite(p + 2);
5682 
5683 
5684     scope = new_scope(cctx, FOR_SCOPE);
5685     if (scope == NULL)
5686 	return NULL;
5687 
5688     // Reserve a variable to store the loop iteration counter.
5689     loop_lvar = reserve_local(cctx, (char_u *)"", 0, FALSE, &t_number);
5690     if (loop_lvar == NULL)
5691     {
5692 	// out of memory
5693 	drop_scope(cctx);
5694 	return NULL;
5695     }
5696 
5697     // Reserve a variable to store "var"
5698     var_lvar = reserve_local(cctx, arg, varlen, FALSE, &t_any);
5699     if (var_lvar == NULL)
5700     {
5701 	// out of memory or used as an argument
5702 	drop_scope(cctx);
5703 	return NULL;
5704     }
5705 
5706     generate_STORENR(cctx, loop_lvar->lv_idx, -1);
5707 
5708     // compile "expr", it remains on the stack until "endfor"
5709     arg = p;
5710     if (compile_expr0(&arg, cctx) == FAIL)
5711     {
5712 	drop_scope(cctx);
5713 	return NULL;
5714     }
5715 
5716     // Now that we know the type of "var", check that it is a list, now or at
5717     // runtime.
5718     vartype = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
5719     if (need_type(vartype, &t_list_any, -1, cctx, FALSE) == FAIL)
5720     {
5721 	drop_scope(cctx);
5722 	return NULL;
5723     }
5724     if (vartype->tt_type == VAR_LIST && vartype->tt_member->tt_type != VAR_ANY)
5725 	var_lvar->lv_type = vartype->tt_member;
5726 
5727     // "for_end" is set when ":endfor" is found
5728     scope->se_u.se_for.fs_top_label = instr->ga_len;
5729 
5730     generate_FOR(cctx, loop_lvar->lv_idx);
5731     generate_STORE(cctx, ISN_STORE, var_lvar->lv_idx, NULL);
5732 
5733     return arg;
5734 }
5735 
5736 /*
5737  * compile "endfor"
5738  */
5739     static char_u *
5740 compile_endfor(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5741 {
5742     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5743     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5744     forscope_T	*forscope;
5745     isn_T	*isn;
5746 
5747     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != FOR_SCOPE)
5748     {
5749 	emsg(_(e_for));
5750 	return NULL;
5751     }
5752     forscope = &scope->se_u.se_for;
5753     cctx->ctx_scope = scope->se_outer;
5754     unwind_locals(cctx, scope->se_local_count);
5755 
5756     // At end of ":for" scope jump back to the FOR instruction.
5757     generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_ALWAYS, forscope->fs_top_label);
5758 
5759     // Fill in the "end" label in the FOR statement so it can jump here
5760     isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + forscope->fs_top_label;
5761     isn->isn_arg.forloop.for_end = instr->ga_len;
5762 
5763     // Fill in the "end" label any BREAK statements
5764     compile_fill_jump_to_end(&forscope->fs_end_label, cctx);
5765 
5766     // Below the ":for" scope drop the "expr" list from the stack.
5767     if (generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_DROP, 1) == NULL)
5768 	return NULL;
5769 
5770     vim_free(scope);
5771 
5772     return arg;
5773 }
5774 
5775 /*
5776  * compile "while expr"
5777  *
5778  * Produces instructions:
5779  * top:  EVAL expr		Push result of "expr"
5780  *       JUMP_IF_FALSE end	jump if false
5781  *       ... body ...
5782  *       JUMP top		Jump back to repeat
5783  * end:
5784  *
5785  */
5786     static char_u *
5787 compile_while(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5788 {
5789     char_u	*p = arg;
5790     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5791     scope_T	*scope;
5792 
5793     scope = new_scope(cctx, WHILE_SCOPE);
5794     if (scope == NULL)
5795 	return NULL;
5796 
5797     scope->se_u.se_while.ws_top_label = instr->ga_len;
5798 
5799     // compile "expr"
5800     if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
5801 	return NULL;
5802 
5803     // "while_end" is set when ":endwhile" is found
5804     if (compile_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_while.ws_end_label,
5805 						  JUMP_IF_FALSE, cctx) == FAIL)
5806 	return FAIL;
5807 
5808     return p;
5809 }
5810 
5811 /*
5812  * compile "endwhile"
5813  */
5814     static char_u *
5815 compile_endwhile(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5816 {
5817     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5818 
5819     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != WHILE_SCOPE)
5820     {
5821 	emsg(_(e_while));
5822 	return NULL;
5823     }
5824     cctx->ctx_scope = scope->se_outer;
5825     unwind_locals(cctx, scope->se_local_count);
5826 
5827     // At end of ":for" scope jump back to the FOR instruction.
5828     generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_ALWAYS, scope->se_u.se_while.ws_top_label);
5829 
5830     // Fill in the "end" label in the WHILE statement so it can jump here.
5831     // And in any jumps for ":break"
5832     compile_fill_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_while.ws_end_label, cctx);
5833 
5834     vim_free(scope);
5835 
5836     return arg;
5837 }
5838 
5839 /*
5840  * compile "continue"
5841  */
5842     static char_u *
5843 compile_continue(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5844 {
5845     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5846 
5847     for (;;)
5848     {
5849 	if (scope == NULL)
5850 	{
5851 	    emsg(_(e_continue));
5852 	    return NULL;
5853 	}
5854 	if (scope->se_type == FOR_SCOPE || scope->se_type == WHILE_SCOPE)
5855 	    break;
5856 	scope = scope->se_outer;
5857     }
5858 
5859     // Jump back to the FOR or WHILE instruction.
5860     generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_ALWAYS,
5861 	    scope->se_type == FOR_SCOPE ? scope->se_u.se_for.fs_top_label
5862 					  : scope->se_u.se_while.ws_top_label);
5863     return arg;
5864 }
5865 
5866 /*
5867  * compile "break"
5868  */
5869     static char_u *
5870 compile_break(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5871 {
5872     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5873     endlabel_T	**el;
5874 
5875     for (;;)
5876     {
5877 	if (scope == NULL)
5878 	{
5879 	    emsg(_(e_break));
5880 	    return NULL;
5881 	}
5882 	if (scope->se_type == FOR_SCOPE || scope->se_type == WHILE_SCOPE)
5883 	    break;
5884 	scope = scope->se_outer;
5885     }
5886 
5887     // Jump to the end of the FOR or WHILE loop.
5888     if (scope->se_type == FOR_SCOPE)
5889 	el = &scope->se_u.se_for.fs_end_label;
5890     else
5891 	el = &scope->se_u.se_while.ws_end_label;
5892     if (compile_jump_to_end(el, JUMP_ALWAYS, cctx) == FAIL)
5893 	return FAIL;
5894 
5895     return arg;
5896 }
5897 
5898 /*
5899  * compile "{" start of block
5900  */
5901     static char_u *
5902 compile_block(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5903 {
5904     if (new_scope(cctx, BLOCK_SCOPE) == NULL)
5905 	return NULL;
5906     return skipwhite(arg + 1);
5907 }
5908 
5909 /*
5910  * compile end of block: drop one scope
5911  */
5912     static void
5913 compile_endblock(cctx_T *cctx)
5914 {
5915     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5916 
5917     cctx->ctx_scope = scope->se_outer;
5918     unwind_locals(cctx, scope->se_local_count);
5919     vim_free(scope);
5920 }
5921 
5922 /*
5923  * compile "try"
5924  * Creates a new scope for the try-endtry, pointing to the first catch and
5925  * finally.
5926  * Creates another scope for the "try" block itself.
5927  * TRY instruction sets up exception handling at runtime.
5928  *
5929  *	"try"
5930  *	    TRY -> catch1, -> finally  push trystack entry
5931  *	    ... try block
5932  *	"throw {exception}"
5933  *	    EVAL {exception}
5934  *	    THROW		create exception
5935  *	    ... try block
5936  *	" catch {expr}"
5937  *	    JUMP -> finally
5938  * catch1:  PUSH exeception
5939  *	    EVAL {expr}
5940  *	    MATCH
5941  *	    JUMP nomatch -> catch2
5942  *	    CATCH   remove exception
5943  *	    ... catch block
5944  *	" catch"
5945  *	    JUMP -> finally
5946  * catch2:  CATCH   remove exception
5947  *	    ... catch block
5948  *	" finally"
5949  * finally:
5950  *	    ... finally block
5951  *	" endtry"
5952  *	    ENDTRY  pop trystack entry, may rethrow
5953  */
5954     static char_u *
5955 compile_try(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
5956 {
5957     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5958     scope_T	*try_scope;
5959     scope_T	*scope;
5960 
5961     // scope that holds the jumps that go to catch/finally/endtry
5962     try_scope = new_scope(cctx, TRY_SCOPE);
5963     if (try_scope == NULL)
5964 	return NULL;
5965 
5966     // "catch" is set when the first ":catch" is found.
5967     // "finally" is set when ":finally" or ":endtry" is found
5968     try_scope->se_u.se_try.ts_try_label = instr->ga_len;
5969     if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_TRY) == NULL)
5970 	return NULL;
5971 
5972     // scope for the try block itself
5973     scope = new_scope(cctx, BLOCK_SCOPE);
5974     if (scope == NULL)
5975 	return NULL;
5976 
5977     return arg;
5978 }
5979 
5980 /*
5981  * compile "catch {expr}"
5982  */
5983     static char_u *
5984 compile_catch(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx UNUSED)
5985 {
5986     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5987     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
5988     char_u	*p;
5989     isn_T	*isn;
5990 
5991     // end block scope from :try or :catch
5992     if (scope != NULL && scope->se_type == BLOCK_SCOPE)
5993 	compile_endblock(cctx);
5994     scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
5995 
5996     // Error if not in a :try scope
5997     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != TRY_SCOPE)
5998     {
5999 	emsg(_(e_catch));
6000 	return NULL;
6001     }
6002 
6003     if (scope->se_u.se_try.ts_caught_all)
6004     {
6005 	emsg(_(e_catch_unreachable_after_catch_all));
6006 	return NULL;
6007     }
6008 
6009     // Jump from end of previous block to :finally or :endtry
6010     if (compile_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_try.ts_end_label,
6011 						    JUMP_ALWAYS, cctx) == FAIL)
6012 	return NULL;
6013 
6014     // End :try or :catch scope: set value in ISN_TRY instruction
6015     isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_try.ts_try_label;
6016     if (isn->isn_arg.try.try_catch == 0)
6017 	isn->isn_arg.try.try_catch = instr->ga_len;
6018     if (scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label != 0)
6019     {
6020 	// Previous catch without match jumps here
6021 	isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label;
6022 	isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
6023     }
6024 
6025     p = skipwhite(arg);
6026     if (ends_excmd2(arg, p))
6027     {
6028 	scope->se_u.se_try.ts_caught_all = TRUE;
6029 	scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label = 0;
6030     }
6031     else
6032     {
6033 	char_u *end;
6034 	char_u *pat;
6035 	char_u *tofree = NULL;
6036 	int	dropped = 0;
6037 	int	len;
6038 
6039 	// Push v:exception, push {expr} and MATCH
6040 	generate_instr_type(cctx, ISN_PUSHEXC, &t_string);
6041 
6042 	end = skip_regexp_ex(p + 1, *p, TRUE, &tofree, &dropped);
6043 	if (*end != *p)
6044 	{
6045 	    semsg(_(e_separator_mismatch), p);
6046 	    vim_free(tofree);
6047 	    return FAIL;
6048 	}
6049 	if (tofree == NULL)
6050 	    len = (int)(end - (p + 1));
6051 	else
6052 	    len = (int)(end - tofree);
6053 	pat = vim_strnsave(tofree == NULL ? p + 1 : tofree, len);
6054 	vim_free(tofree);
6055 	p += len + 2 + dropped;
6056 	if (pat == NULL)
6057 	    return FAIL;
6058 	if (generate_PUSHS(cctx, pat) == FAIL)
6059 	    return FAIL;
6060 
6061 	if (generate_COMPARE(cctx, EXPR_MATCH, FALSE) == FAIL)
6062 	    return NULL;
6063 
6064 	scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label = instr->ga_len;
6065 	if (generate_JUMP(cctx, JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0) == FAIL)
6066 	    return NULL;
6067     }
6068 
6069     if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_CATCH) == NULL)
6070 	return NULL;
6071 
6072     if (new_scope(cctx, BLOCK_SCOPE) == NULL)
6073 	return NULL;
6074     return p;
6075 }
6076 
6077     static char_u *
6078 compile_finally(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
6079 {
6080     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
6081     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
6082     isn_T	*isn;
6083 
6084     // end block scope from :try or :catch
6085     if (scope != NULL && scope->se_type == BLOCK_SCOPE)
6086 	compile_endblock(cctx);
6087     scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
6088 
6089     // Error if not in a :try scope
6090     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != TRY_SCOPE)
6091     {
6092 	emsg(_(e_finally));
6093 	return NULL;
6094     }
6095 
6096     // End :catch or :finally scope: set value in ISN_TRY instruction
6097     isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_try.ts_try_label;
6098     if (isn->isn_arg.try.try_finally != 0)
6099     {
6100 	emsg(_(e_finally_dup));
6101 	return NULL;
6102     }
6103 
6104     // Fill in the "end" label in jumps at the end of the blocks.
6105     compile_fill_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_try.ts_end_label, cctx);
6106 
6107     isn->isn_arg.try.try_finally = instr->ga_len;
6108     if (scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label != 0)
6109     {
6110 	// Previous catch without match jumps here
6111 	isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label;
6112 	isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
6113 	scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label = 0;
6114     }
6115 
6116     // TODO: set index in ts_finally_label jumps
6117 
6118     return arg;
6119 }
6120 
6121     static char_u *
6122 compile_endtry(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx)
6123 {
6124     scope_T	*scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
6125     garray_T	*instr = &cctx->ctx_instr;
6126     isn_T	*isn;
6127 
6128     // end block scope from :catch or :finally
6129     if (scope != NULL && scope->se_type == BLOCK_SCOPE)
6130 	compile_endblock(cctx);
6131     scope = cctx->ctx_scope;
6132 
6133     // Error if not in a :try scope
6134     if (scope == NULL || scope->se_type != TRY_SCOPE)
6135     {
6136 	if (scope == NULL)
6137 	    emsg(_(e_no_endtry));
6138 	else if (scope->se_type == WHILE_SCOPE)
6139 	    emsg(_(e_endwhile));
6140 	else if (scope->se_type == FOR_SCOPE)
6141 	    emsg(_(e_endfor));
6142 	else
6143 	    emsg(_(e_endif));
6144 	return NULL;
6145     }
6146 
6147     isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_try.ts_try_label;
6148     if (isn->isn_arg.try.try_catch == 0 && isn->isn_arg.try.try_finally == 0)
6149     {
6150 	emsg(_(e_missing_catch_or_finally));
6151 	return NULL;
6152     }
6153 
6154     // Fill in the "end" label in jumps at the end of the blocks, if not done
6155     // by ":finally".
6156     compile_fill_jump_to_end(&scope->se_u.se_try.ts_end_label, cctx);
6157 
6158     // End :catch or :finally scope: set value in ISN_TRY instruction
6159     if (isn->isn_arg.try.try_catch == 0)
6160 	isn->isn_arg.try.try_catch = instr->ga_len;
6161     if (isn->isn_arg.try.try_finally == 0)
6162 	isn->isn_arg.try.try_finally = instr->ga_len;
6163 
6164     if (scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label != 0)
6165     {
6166 	// Last catch without match jumps here
6167 	isn = ((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + scope->se_u.se_try.ts_catch_label;
6168 	isn->isn_arg.jump.jump_where = instr->ga_len;
6169     }
6170 
6171     compile_endblock(cctx);
6172 
6173     if (generate_instr(cctx, ISN_ENDTRY) == NULL)
6174 	return NULL;
6175     return arg;
6176 }
6177 
6178 /*
6179  * compile "throw {expr}"
6180  */
6181     static char_u *
6182 compile_throw(char_u *arg, cctx_T *cctx UNUSED)
6183 {
6184     char_u *p = skipwhite(arg);
6185 
6186     if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
6187 	return NULL;
6188     if (may_generate_2STRING(-1, cctx) == FAIL)
6189 	return NULL;
6190     if (generate_instr_drop(cctx, ISN_THROW, 1) == NULL)
6191 	return NULL;
6192 
6193     return p;
6194 }
6195 
6196 /*
6197  * compile "echo expr"
6198  * compile "echomsg expr"
6199  * compile "echoerr expr"
6200  * compile "execute expr"
6201  */
6202     static char_u *
6203 compile_mult_expr(char_u *arg, int cmdidx, cctx_T *cctx)
6204 {
6205     char_u	*p = arg;
6206     char_u	*prev;
6207     int		count = 0;
6208 
6209     for (;;)
6210     {
6211 	if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
6212 	    return NULL;
6213 	++count;
6214 	prev = p;
6215 	p = skipwhite(p);
6216 	if (ends_excmd2(prev, p))
6217 	    break;
6218     }
6219 
6220     if (cmdidx == CMD_echo || cmdidx == CMD_echon)
6221 	generate_ECHO(cctx, cmdidx == CMD_echo, count);
6222     else if (cmdidx == CMD_execute)
6223 	generate_MULT_EXPR(cctx, ISN_EXECUTE, count);
6224     else if (cmdidx == CMD_echomsg)
6225 	generate_MULT_EXPR(cctx, ISN_ECHOMSG, count);
6226     else
6227 	generate_MULT_EXPR(cctx, ISN_ECHOERR, count);
6228     return p;
6229 }
6230 
6231 /*
6232  * A command that is not compiled, execute with legacy code.
6233  */
6234     static char_u *
6235 compile_exec(char_u *line, exarg_T *eap, cctx_T *cctx)
6236 {
6237     char_u  *p;
6238     int	    has_expr = FALSE;
6239     char_u  *nextcmd = (char_u *)"";
6240 
6241     if (cctx->ctx_skip == SKIP_YES)
6242 	goto theend;
6243 
6244     if (eap->cmdidx >= 0 && eap->cmdidx < CMD_SIZE)
6245     {
6246 	long	argt = excmd_get_argt(eap->cmdidx);
6247 	int	usefilter = FALSE;
6248 
6249 	has_expr = argt & (EX_XFILE | EX_EXPAND);
6250 
6251 	// If the command can be followed by a bar, find the bar and truncate
6252 	// it, so that the following command can be compiled.
6253 	// The '|' is overwritten with a NUL, it is put back below.
6254 	if ((eap->cmdidx == CMD_write || eap->cmdidx == CMD_read)
6255 							   && *eap->arg == '!')
6256 	    // :w !filter or :r !filter or :r! filter
6257 	    usefilter = TRUE;
6258 	if ((argt & EX_TRLBAR) && !usefilter)
6259 	{
6260 	    separate_nextcmd(eap);
6261 	    if (eap->nextcmd != NULL)
6262 		nextcmd = eap->nextcmd;
6263 	}
6264     }
6265 
6266     if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_syntax && STRNCMP(eap->arg, "include ", 8) == 0)
6267     {
6268 	// expand filename in "syntax include [@group] filename"
6269 	has_expr = TRUE;
6270 	eap->arg = skipwhite(eap->arg + 7);
6271 	if (*eap->arg == '@')
6272 	    eap->arg = skiptowhite(eap->arg);
6273     }
6274 
6275     if (has_expr && (p = (char_u *)strstr((char *)eap->arg, "`=")) != NULL)
6276     {
6277 	int	count = 0;
6278 	char_u	*start = skipwhite(line);
6279 
6280 	// :cmd xxx`=expr1`yyy`=expr2`zzz
6281 	// PUSHS ":cmd xxx"
6282 	// eval expr1
6283 	// PUSHS "yyy"
6284 	// eval expr2
6285 	// PUSHS "zzz"
6286 	// EXECCONCAT 5
6287 	for (;;)
6288 	{
6289 	    if (p > start)
6290 	    {
6291 		generate_PUSHS(cctx, vim_strnsave(start, p - start));
6292 		++count;
6293 	    }
6294 	    p += 2;
6295 	    if (compile_expr0(&p, cctx) == FAIL)
6296 		return NULL;
6297 	    may_generate_2STRING(-1, cctx);
6298 	    ++count;
6299 	    p = skipwhite(p);
6300 	    if (*p != '`')
6301 	    {
6302 		emsg(_(e_missing_backtick));
6303 		return NULL;
6304 	    }
6305 	    start = p + 1;
6306 
6307 	    p = (char_u *)strstr((char *)start, "`=");
6308 	    if (p == NULL)
6309 	    {
6310 		if (*skipwhite(start) != NUL)
6311 		{
6312 		    generate_PUSHS(cctx, vim_strsave(start));
6313 		    ++count;
6314 		}
6315 		break;
6316 	    }
6317 	}
6318 	generate_EXECCONCAT(cctx, count);
6319     }
6320     else
6321 	generate_EXEC(cctx, line);
6322 
6323 theend:
6324     if (*nextcmd != NUL)
6325     {
6326 	// the parser expects a pointer to the bar, put it back
6327 	--nextcmd;
6328 	*nextcmd = '|';
6329     }
6330 
6331     return nextcmd;
6332 }
6333 
6334 /*
6335  * Add a function to the list of :def functions.
6336  * This sets "ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx" but the function isn't compiled yet.
6337  */
6338     static int
6339 add_def_function(ufunc_T *ufunc)
6340 {
6341     dfunc_T *dfunc;
6342 
6343     if (def_functions.ga_len == 0)
6344     {
6345 	// The first position is not used, so that a zero uf_dfunc_idx means it
6346 	// wasn't set.
6347 	if (ga_grow(&def_functions, 1) == FAIL)
6348 	    return FAIL;
6349 	++def_functions.ga_len;
6350     }
6351 
6352     // Add the function to "def_functions".
6353     if (ga_grow(&def_functions, 1) == FAIL)
6354 	return FAIL;
6355     dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data) + def_functions.ga_len;
6356     CLEAR_POINTER(dfunc);
6357     dfunc->df_idx = def_functions.ga_len;
6358     ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx = dfunc->df_idx;
6359     dfunc->df_ufunc = ufunc;
6360     ++def_functions.ga_len;
6361     return OK;
6362 }
6363 
6364 /*
6365  * After ex_function() has collected all the function lines: parse and compile
6366  * the lines into instructions.
6367  * Adds the function to "def_functions".
6368  * When "set_return_type" is set then set ufunc->uf_ret_type to the type of the
6369  * return statement (used for lambda).
6370  * "outer_cctx" is set for a nested function.
6371  * This can be used recursively through compile_lambda(), which may reallocate
6372  * "def_functions".
6373  * Returns OK or FAIL.
6374  */
6375     int
6376 compile_def_function(ufunc_T *ufunc, int set_return_type, cctx_T *outer_cctx)
6377 {
6378     char_u	*line = NULL;
6379     char_u	*p;
6380     char	*errormsg = NULL;	// error message
6381     cctx_T	cctx;
6382     garray_T	*instr;
6383     int		called_emsg_before = called_emsg;
6384     int		ret = FAIL;
6385     sctx_T	save_current_sctx = current_sctx;
6386     int		do_estack_push;
6387     int		emsg_before = called_emsg;
6388     int		new_def_function = FALSE;
6389 
6390     // When using a function that was compiled before: Free old instructions.
6391     // Otherwise add a new entry in "def_functions".
6392     if (ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx > 0)
6393     {
6394 	dfunc_T *dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
6395 							 + ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
6396 	delete_def_function_contents(dfunc);
6397     }
6398     else
6399     {
6400 	if (add_def_function(ufunc) == FAIL)
6401 	    return FAIL;
6402 	new_def_function = TRUE;
6403     }
6404 
6405     ufunc->uf_def_status = UF_COMPILING;
6406 
6407     CLEAR_FIELD(cctx);
6408     cctx.ctx_ufunc = ufunc;
6409     cctx.ctx_lnum = -1;
6410     cctx.ctx_outer = outer_cctx;
6411     ga_init2(&cctx.ctx_locals, sizeof(lvar_T), 10);
6412     ga_init2(&cctx.ctx_type_stack, sizeof(type_T *), 50);
6413     ga_init2(&cctx.ctx_imports, sizeof(imported_T), 10);
6414     cctx.ctx_type_list = &ufunc->uf_type_list;
6415     ga_init2(&cctx.ctx_instr, sizeof(isn_T), 50);
6416     instr = &cctx.ctx_instr;
6417 
6418     // Set the context to the function, it may be compiled when called from
6419     // another script.  Set the script version to the most modern one.
6420     // The line number will be set in next_line_from_context().
6421     current_sctx = ufunc->uf_script_ctx;
6422     current_sctx.sc_version = SCRIPT_VERSION_VIM9;
6423 
6424     // Make sure error messages are OK.
6425     do_estack_push = !estack_top_is_ufunc(ufunc, 1);
6426     if (do_estack_push)
6427 	estack_push_ufunc(ufunc, 1);
6428 
6429     if (ufunc->uf_def_args.ga_len > 0)
6430     {
6431 	int	count = ufunc->uf_def_args.ga_len;
6432 	int	first_def_arg = ufunc->uf_args.ga_len - count;
6433 	int	i;
6434 	char_u	*arg;
6435 	int	off = STACK_FRAME_SIZE + (ufunc->uf_va_name != NULL ? 1 : 0);
6436 	int	did_set_arg_type = FALSE;
6437 
6438 	// Produce instructions for the default values of optional arguments.
6439 	// Store the instruction index in uf_def_arg_idx[] so that we know
6440 	// where to start when the function is called, depending on the number
6441 	// of arguments.
6442 	ufunc->uf_def_arg_idx = ALLOC_CLEAR_MULT(int, count + 1);
6443 	if (ufunc->uf_def_arg_idx == NULL)
6444 	    goto erret;
6445 	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
6446 	{
6447 	    garray_T	*stack = &cctx.ctx_type_stack;
6448 	    type_T	*val_type;
6449 	    int		arg_idx = first_def_arg + i;
6450 
6451 	    ufunc->uf_def_arg_idx[i] = instr->ga_len;
6452 	    arg = ((char_u **)(ufunc->uf_def_args.ga_data))[i];
6453 	    if (compile_expr0(&arg, &cctx) == FAIL)
6454 		goto erret;
6455 
6456 	    // If no type specified use the type of the default value.
6457 	    // Otherwise check that the default value type matches the
6458 	    // specified type.
6459 	    val_type = ((type_T **)stack->ga_data)[stack->ga_len - 1];
6460 	    if (ufunc->uf_arg_types[arg_idx] == &t_unknown)
6461 	    {
6462 		did_set_arg_type = TRUE;
6463 		ufunc->uf_arg_types[arg_idx] = val_type;
6464 	    }
6465 	    else if (check_type(ufunc->uf_arg_types[arg_idx], val_type, FALSE)
6466 								       == FAIL)
6467 	    {
6468 		arg_type_mismatch(ufunc->uf_arg_types[arg_idx], val_type,
6469 								  arg_idx + 1);
6470 		goto erret;
6471 	    }
6472 
6473 	    if (generate_STORE(&cctx, ISN_STORE, i - count - off, NULL) == FAIL)
6474 		goto erret;
6475 	}
6476 	ufunc->uf_def_arg_idx[count] = instr->ga_len;
6477 
6478 	if (did_set_arg_type)
6479 	    set_function_type(ufunc);
6480     }
6481 
6482     /*
6483      * Loop over all the lines of the function and generate instructions.
6484      */
6485     for (;;)
6486     {
6487 	exarg_T	    ea;
6488 	cmdmod_T    save_cmdmod;
6489 	int	    starts_with_colon = FALSE;
6490 	char_u	    *cmd;
6491 	int	    save_msg_scroll = msg_scroll;
6492 
6493 	// Bail out on the first error to avoid a flood of errors and report
6494 	// the right line number when inside try/catch.
6495 	if (emsg_before != called_emsg)
6496 	    goto erret;
6497 
6498 	if (line != NULL && *line == '|')
6499 	    // the line continues after a '|'
6500 	    ++line;
6501 	else if (line != NULL && *skipwhite(line) != NUL
6502 		&& !(*line == '#' && (line == cctx.ctx_line_start
6503 						    || VIM_ISWHITE(line[-1]))))
6504 	{
6505 	    semsg(_(e_trailing_arg), line);
6506 	    goto erret;
6507 	}
6508 	else
6509 	{
6510 	    line = next_line_from_context(&cctx, FALSE);
6511 	    if (cctx.ctx_lnum >= ufunc->uf_lines.ga_len)
6512 		// beyond the last line
6513 		break;
6514 	}
6515 	emsg_before = called_emsg;
6516 
6517 	CLEAR_FIELD(ea);
6518 	ea.cmdlinep = &line;
6519 	ea.cmd = skipwhite(line);
6520 
6521 	// Some things can be recognized by the first character.
6522 	switch (*ea.cmd)
6523 	{
6524 	    case '#':
6525 		// "#" starts a comment, but "#{" does not.
6526 		if (ea.cmd[1] != '{')
6527 		{
6528 		    line = (char_u *)"";
6529 		    continue;
6530 		}
6531 		break;
6532 
6533 	    case '}':
6534 		{
6535 		    // "}" ends a block scope
6536 		    scopetype_T stype = cctx.ctx_scope == NULL
6537 					  ? NO_SCOPE : cctx.ctx_scope->se_type;
6538 
6539 		    if (stype == BLOCK_SCOPE)
6540 		    {
6541 			compile_endblock(&cctx);
6542 			line = ea.cmd;
6543 		    }
6544 		    else
6545 		    {
6546 			emsg(_(e_using_rcurly_outside_if_block_scope));
6547 			goto erret;
6548 		    }
6549 		    if (line != NULL)
6550 			line = skipwhite(ea.cmd + 1);
6551 		    continue;
6552 		}
6553 
6554 	    case '{':
6555 		// "{" starts a block scope
6556 		// "{'a': 1}->func() is something else
6557 		if (ends_excmd(*skipwhite(ea.cmd + 1)))
6558 		{
6559 		    line = compile_block(ea.cmd, &cctx);
6560 		    continue;
6561 		}
6562 		break;
6563 
6564 	    case ':':
6565 		starts_with_colon = TRUE;
6566 		break;
6567 	}
6568 
6569 	/*
6570 	 * COMMAND MODIFIERS
6571 	 */
6572 	save_cmdmod = cmdmod;
6573 	if (parse_command_modifiers(&ea, &errormsg, FALSE) == FAIL)
6574 	{
6575 	    if (errormsg != NULL)
6576 		goto erret;
6577 	    // empty line or comment
6578 	    line = (char_u *)"";
6579 	    continue;
6580 	}
6581 	// TODO: use modifiers in the command
6582 	undo_cmdmod(&ea, save_msg_scroll);
6583 	cmdmod = save_cmdmod;
6584 
6585 	// Skip ":call" to get to the function name.
6586 	p = ea.cmd;
6587 	if (checkforcmd(&ea.cmd, "call", 3))
6588 	{
6589 	    if (*ea.cmd == '(')
6590 		// not for "call()"
6591 		ea.cmd = p;
6592 	    else
6593 		ea.cmd = skipwhite(ea.cmd);
6594 	}
6595 
6596 	if (!starts_with_colon)
6597 	{
6598 	    char_u *pskip;
6599 
6600 	    // Assuming the command starts with a variable or function name,
6601 	    // find what follows.
6602 	    // Skip over "var.member", "var[idx]" and the like.
6603 	    // Also "&opt = val", "$ENV = val" and "@r = val".
6604 	    pskip = (*ea.cmd == '&' || *ea.cmd == '$' || *ea.cmd == '@')
6605 							 ? ea.cmd + 1 : ea.cmd;
6606 	    p = to_name_end(pskip, TRUE);
6607 	    if (p > ea.cmd && *p != NUL)
6608 	    {
6609 		char_u *var_end;
6610 		int	oplen;
6611 		int	heredoc;
6612 
6613 		if (ea.cmd[0] == '@')
6614 		    var_end = ea.cmd + 2;
6615 		else
6616 		    var_end = find_name_end(pskip, NULL, NULL,
6617 						FNE_CHECK_START | FNE_INCL_BR);
6618 		oplen = assignment_len(skipwhite(var_end), &heredoc);
6619 		if (oplen > 0)
6620 		{
6621 		    size_t len = p - ea.cmd;
6622 
6623 		    // Recognize an assignment if we recognize the variable
6624 		    // name:
6625 		    // "g:var = expr"
6626 		    // "local = expr"  where "local" is a local var.
6627 		    // "script = expr"  where "script" is a script-local var.
6628 		    // "import = expr"  where "import" is an imported var
6629 		    // "&opt = expr"
6630 		    // "$ENV = expr"
6631 		    // "@r = expr"
6632 		    if (*ea.cmd == '&'
6633 			    || *ea.cmd == '$'
6634 			    || *ea.cmd == '@'
6635 			    || ((len) > 2 && ea.cmd[1] == ':')
6636 			    || lookup_local(ea.cmd, len, &cctx) != NULL
6637 			    || lookup_arg(ea.cmd, len, NULL, NULL,
6638 							     NULL, &cctx) == OK
6639 			    || lookup_script(ea.cmd, len) == OK
6640 			    || find_imported(ea.cmd, len, &cctx) != NULL)
6641 		    {
6642 			line = compile_assignment(ea.cmd, &ea, CMD_SIZE, &cctx);
6643 			if (line == NULL || line == ea.cmd)
6644 			    goto erret;
6645 			continue;
6646 		    }
6647 		}
6648 	    }
6649 
6650 	    if (*ea.cmd == '[')
6651 	    {
6652 		// [var, var] = expr
6653 		line = compile_assignment(ea.cmd, &ea, CMD_SIZE, &cctx);
6654 		if (line == NULL)
6655 		    goto erret;
6656 		if (line != ea.cmd)
6657 		    continue;
6658 	    }
6659 	}
6660 
6661 	/*
6662 	 * COMMAND after range
6663 	 * 'text'->func() should not be confused with 'a mark
6664 	 */
6665 	cmd = ea.cmd;
6666 	if (*cmd != '\'' || starts_with_colon)
6667 	{
6668 	    ea.cmd = skip_range(ea.cmd, NULL);
6669 	    if (ea.cmd > cmd && !starts_with_colon)
6670 	    {
6671 		emsg(_(e_colon_required_before_a_range));
6672 		goto erret;
6673 	    }
6674 	}
6675 	p = find_ex_command(&ea, NULL, starts_with_colon ? NULL
6676 		   : (void *(*)(char_u *, size_t, cctx_T *))lookup_local,
6677 									&cctx);
6678 
6679 	if (p == ea.cmd && ea.cmdidx != CMD_SIZE)
6680 	{
6681 	    if (cctx.ctx_skip == SKIP_YES)
6682 	    {
6683 		line += STRLEN(line);
6684 		continue;
6685 	    }
6686 
6687 	    // Expression or function call.
6688 	    if (ea.cmdidx != CMD_eval)
6689 	    {
6690 		// CMD_let cannot happen, compile_assignment() above is used
6691 		iemsg("Command from find_ex_command() not handled");
6692 		goto erret;
6693 	    }
6694 	}
6695 
6696 	p = skipwhite(p);
6697 
6698 	if (cctx.ctx_skip == SKIP_YES
6699 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_if
6700 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_elseif
6701 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_else
6702 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endif)
6703 	{
6704 	    line = (char_u *)"";
6705 	    continue;
6706 	}
6707 
6708 	if (ea.cmdidx != CMD_elseif
6709 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_else
6710 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endif
6711 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endfor
6712 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endwhile
6713 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_catch
6714 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_finally
6715 		&& ea.cmdidx != CMD_endtry)
6716 	{
6717 	    if (cctx.ctx_had_return)
6718 	    {
6719 		emsg(_(e_unreachable_code_after_return));
6720 		goto erret;
6721 	    }
6722 	}
6723 
6724 	switch (ea.cmdidx)
6725 	{
6726 	    case CMD_def:
6727 		    ea.arg = p;
6728 		    line = compile_nested_function(&ea, &cctx);
6729 		    break;
6730 
6731 	    case CMD_function:
6732 		    // TODO: should we allow this, e.g. to declare a global
6733 		    // function?
6734 		    emsg(_(e_cannot_use_function_inside_def));
6735 		    goto erret;
6736 
6737 	    case CMD_return:
6738 		    line = compile_return(p, set_return_type, &cctx);
6739 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = TRUE;
6740 		    break;
6741 
6742 	    case CMD_let:
6743 	    case CMD_const:
6744 		    line = compile_assignment(p, &ea, ea.cmdidx, &cctx);
6745 		    if (line == p)
6746 			line = NULL;
6747 		    break;
6748 
6749 	    case CMD_unlet:
6750 	    case CMD_unlockvar:
6751 	    case CMD_lockvar:
6752 		    line = compile_unletlock(p, &ea, &cctx);
6753 		    break;
6754 
6755 	    case CMD_import:
6756 		    line = compile_import(p, &cctx);
6757 		    break;
6758 
6759 	    case CMD_if:
6760 		    line = compile_if(p, &cctx);
6761 		    break;
6762 	    case CMD_elseif:
6763 		    line = compile_elseif(p, &cctx);
6764 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = FALSE;
6765 		    break;
6766 	    case CMD_else:
6767 		    line = compile_else(p, &cctx);
6768 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = FALSE;
6769 		    break;
6770 	    case CMD_endif:
6771 		    line = compile_endif(p, &cctx);
6772 		    break;
6773 
6774 	    case CMD_while:
6775 		    line = compile_while(p, &cctx);
6776 		    break;
6777 	    case CMD_endwhile:
6778 		    line = compile_endwhile(p, &cctx);
6779 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = FALSE;
6780 		    break;
6781 
6782 	    case CMD_for:
6783 		    line = compile_for(p, &cctx);
6784 		    break;
6785 	    case CMD_endfor:
6786 		    line = compile_endfor(p, &cctx);
6787 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = FALSE;
6788 		    break;
6789 	    case CMD_continue:
6790 		    line = compile_continue(p, &cctx);
6791 		    break;
6792 	    case CMD_break:
6793 		    line = compile_break(p, &cctx);
6794 		    break;
6795 
6796 	    case CMD_try:
6797 		    line = compile_try(p, &cctx);
6798 		    break;
6799 	    case CMD_catch:
6800 		    line = compile_catch(p, &cctx);
6801 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = FALSE;
6802 		    break;
6803 	    case CMD_finally:
6804 		    line = compile_finally(p, &cctx);
6805 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = FALSE;
6806 		    break;
6807 	    case CMD_endtry:
6808 		    line = compile_endtry(p, &cctx);
6809 		    cctx.ctx_had_return = FALSE;
6810 		    break;
6811 	    case CMD_throw:
6812 		    line = compile_throw(p, &cctx);
6813 		    break;
6814 
6815 	    case CMD_eval:
6816 		    if (compile_expr0(&p, &cctx) == FAIL)
6817 			goto erret;
6818 
6819 		    // drop the return value
6820 		    generate_instr_drop(&cctx, ISN_DROP, 1);
6821 
6822 		    line = skipwhite(p);
6823 		    break;
6824 
6825 	    case CMD_echo:
6826 	    case CMD_echon:
6827 	    case CMD_execute:
6828 	    case CMD_echomsg:
6829 	    case CMD_echoerr:
6830 		    line = compile_mult_expr(p, ea.cmdidx, &cctx);
6831 		    break;
6832 
6833 	    // TODO: other commands with an expression argument
6834 
6835 	    case CMD_append:
6836 	    case CMD_change:
6837 	    case CMD_insert:
6838 	    case CMD_t:
6839 	    case CMD_xit:
6840 		    not_in_vim9(&ea);
6841 		    goto erret;
6842 
6843 	    case CMD_SIZE:
6844 		    semsg(_(e_invalid_command_str), ea.cmd);
6845 		    goto erret;
6846 
6847 	    default:
6848 		    // Not recognized, execute with do_cmdline_cmd().
6849 		    ea.arg = p;
6850 		    line = compile_exec(line, &ea, &cctx);
6851 		    break;
6852 	}
6853 	if (line == NULL)
6854 	    goto erret;
6855 	line = skipwhite(line);
6856 
6857 	if (cctx.ctx_type_stack.ga_len < 0)
6858 	{
6859 	    iemsg("Type stack underflow");
6860 	    goto erret;
6861 	}
6862     }
6863 
6864     if (cctx.ctx_scope != NULL)
6865     {
6866 	if (cctx.ctx_scope->se_type == IF_SCOPE)
6867 	    emsg(_(e_endif));
6868 	else if (cctx.ctx_scope->se_type == WHILE_SCOPE)
6869 	    emsg(_(e_endwhile));
6870 	else if (cctx.ctx_scope->se_type == FOR_SCOPE)
6871 	    emsg(_(e_endfor));
6872 	else
6873 	    emsg(_(e_missing_rcurly));
6874 	goto erret;
6875     }
6876 
6877     if (!cctx.ctx_had_return)
6878     {
6879 	if (ufunc->uf_ret_type->tt_type != VAR_VOID)
6880 	{
6881 	    emsg(_(e_missing_return_statement));
6882 	    goto erret;
6883 	}
6884 
6885 	// Return zero if there is no return at the end.
6886 	generate_PUSHNR(&cctx, 0);
6887 	generate_instr(&cctx, ISN_RETURN);
6888     }
6889 
6890     {
6891 	dfunc_T	*dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
6892 							 + ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
6893 	dfunc->df_deleted = FALSE;
6894 	dfunc->df_instr = instr->ga_data;
6895 	dfunc->df_instr_count = instr->ga_len;
6896 	dfunc->df_varcount = cctx.ctx_locals_count;
6897 	dfunc->df_closure_count = cctx.ctx_closure_count;
6898 	if (cctx.ctx_outer_used)
6899 	    ufunc->uf_flags |= FC_CLOSURE;
6900 	ufunc->uf_def_status = UF_COMPILED;
6901     }
6902 
6903     ret = OK;
6904 
6905 erret:
6906     if (ret == FAIL)
6907     {
6908 	int idx;
6909 	dfunc_T	*dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
6910 							 + ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
6911 
6912 	for (idx = 0; idx < instr->ga_len; ++idx)
6913 	    delete_instr(((isn_T *)instr->ga_data) + idx);
6914 	ga_clear(instr);
6915 
6916 	// If using the last entry in the table and it was added above, we
6917 	// might as well remove it.
6918 	if (!dfunc->df_deleted && new_def_function
6919 			    && ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx == def_functions.ga_len - 1)
6920 	{
6921 	    --def_functions.ga_len;
6922 	    ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx = 0;
6923 	}
6924 	ufunc->uf_def_status = UF_NOT_COMPILED;
6925 
6926 	while (cctx.ctx_scope != NULL)
6927 	    drop_scope(&cctx);
6928 
6929 	// Don't execute this function body.
6930 	ga_clear_strings(&ufunc->uf_lines);
6931 
6932 	if (errormsg != NULL)
6933 	    emsg(errormsg);
6934 	else if (called_emsg == called_emsg_before)
6935 	    emsg(_(e_compile_def_function_failed));
6936     }
6937 
6938     current_sctx = save_current_sctx;
6939     if (do_estack_push)
6940 	estack_pop();
6941 
6942     free_imported(&cctx);
6943     free_locals(&cctx);
6944     ga_clear(&cctx.ctx_type_stack);
6945     return ret;
6946 }
6947 
6948     void
6949 set_function_type(ufunc_T *ufunc)
6950 {
6951     int varargs = ufunc->uf_va_name != NULL;
6952     int argcount = ufunc->uf_args.ga_len;
6953 
6954     // Create a type for the function, with the return type and any
6955     // argument types.
6956     // A vararg is included in uf_args.ga_len but not in uf_arg_types.
6957     // The type is included in "tt_args".
6958     if (argcount > 0 || varargs)
6959     {
6960 	ufunc->uf_func_type = alloc_func_type(ufunc->uf_ret_type,
6961 					   argcount, &ufunc->uf_type_list);
6962 	// Add argument types to the function type.
6963 	if (func_type_add_arg_types(ufunc->uf_func_type,
6964 				    argcount + varargs,
6965 				    &ufunc->uf_type_list) == FAIL)
6966 	    return;
6967 	ufunc->uf_func_type->tt_argcount = argcount + varargs;
6968 	ufunc->uf_func_type->tt_min_argcount =
6969 				      argcount - ufunc->uf_def_args.ga_len;
6970 	if (ufunc->uf_arg_types == NULL)
6971 	{
6972 	    int i;
6973 
6974 	    // lambda does not have argument types.
6975 	    for (i = 0; i < argcount; ++i)
6976 		ufunc->uf_func_type->tt_args[i] = &t_any;
6977 	}
6978 	else
6979 	    mch_memmove(ufunc->uf_func_type->tt_args,
6980 			 ufunc->uf_arg_types, sizeof(type_T *) * argcount);
6981 	if (varargs)
6982 	{
6983 	    ufunc->uf_func_type->tt_args[argcount] =
6984 		    ufunc->uf_va_type == NULL ? &t_any : ufunc->uf_va_type;
6985 	    ufunc->uf_func_type->tt_flags = TTFLAG_VARARGS;
6986 	}
6987     }
6988     else
6989 	// No arguments, can use a predefined type.
6990 	ufunc->uf_func_type = get_func_type(ufunc->uf_ret_type,
6991 					   argcount, &ufunc->uf_type_list);
6992 }
6993 
6994 
6995 /*
6996  * Delete an instruction, free what it contains.
6997  */
6998     void
6999 delete_instr(isn_T *isn)
7000 {
7001     switch (isn->isn_type)
7002     {
7003 	case ISN_EXEC:
7004 	case ISN_LOADENV:
7005 	case ISN_LOADG:
7006 	case ISN_LOADB:
7007 	case ISN_LOADW:
7008 	case ISN_LOADT:
7009 	case ISN_LOADOPT:
7010 	case ISN_STRINGMEMBER:
7011 	case ISN_PUSHEXC:
7012 	case ISN_PUSHS:
7013 	case ISN_STOREENV:
7014 	case ISN_STOREG:
7015 	case ISN_STOREB:
7016 	case ISN_STOREW:
7017 	case ISN_STORET:
7018 	case ISN_PUSHFUNC:
7019 	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.string);
7020 	    break;
7021 
7022 	case ISN_LOADS:
7023 	case ISN_STORES:
7024 	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.loadstore.ls_name);
7025 	    break;
7026 
7027 	case ISN_UNLET:
7028 	case ISN_UNLETENV:
7029 	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.unlet.ul_name);
7030 	    break;
7031 
7032 	case ISN_STOREOPT:
7033 	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.storeopt.so_name);
7034 	    break;
7035 
7036 	case ISN_PUSHBLOB:   // push blob isn_arg.blob
7037 	    blob_unref(isn->isn_arg.blob);
7038 	    break;
7039 
7040 	case ISN_PUSHJOB:
7041 #ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
7042 	    job_unref(isn->isn_arg.job);
7043 #endif
7044 	    break;
7045 
7046 	case ISN_PUSHCHANNEL:
7047 #ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
7048 	    channel_unref(isn->isn_arg.channel);
7049 #endif
7050 	    break;
7051 
7052 	case ISN_UCALL:
7053 	    vim_free(isn->isn_arg.ufunc.cuf_name);
7054 	    break;
7055 
7056 	case ISN_FUNCREF:
7057 	    {
7058 		dfunc_T *dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
7059 					       + isn->isn_arg.funcref.fr_func;
7060 		func_ptr_unref(dfunc->df_ufunc);
7061 	    }
7062 	    break;
7063 
7064 	case ISN_NEWFUNC:
7065 	    {
7066 		char_u  *lambda = isn->isn_arg.newfunc.nf_lambda;
7067 		ufunc_T *ufunc = find_func_even_dead(lambda, TRUE, NULL);
7068 
7069 		if (ufunc != NULL)
7070 		{
7071 		    // Clear uf_dfunc_idx so that the function is deleted.
7072 		    clear_def_function(ufunc);
7073 		    ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx = 0;
7074 		    func_ptr_unref(ufunc);
7075 		}
7076 
7077 		vim_free(lambda);
7078 		vim_free(isn->isn_arg.newfunc.nf_global);
7079 	    }
7080 	    break;
7081 
7082 	case ISN_2BOOL:
7083 	case ISN_2STRING:
7084 	case ISN_2STRING_ANY:
7085 	case ISN_ADDBLOB:
7086 	case ISN_ADDLIST:
7087 	case ISN_ANYINDEX:
7088 	case ISN_ANYSLICE:
7089 	case ISN_BCALL:
7090 	case ISN_CATCH:
7091 	case ISN_CHECKLEN:
7092 	case ISN_CHECKNR:
7093 	case ISN_CHECKTYPE:
7094 	case ISN_COMPAREANY:
7095 	case ISN_COMPAREBLOB:
7096 	case ISN_COMPAREBOOL:
7097 	case ISN_COMPAREDICT:
7098 	case ISN_COMPAREFLOAT:
7099 	case ISN_COMPAREFUNC:
7100 	case ISN_COMPARELIST:
7101 	case ISN_COMPARENR:
7102 	case ISN_COMPARESPECIAL:
7103 	case ISN_COMPARESTRING:
7104 	case ISN_CONCAT:
7105 	case ISN_DCALL:
7106 	case ISN_DROP:
7107 	case ISN_ECHO:
7108 	case ISN_ECHOERR:
7109 	case ISN_ECHOMSG:
7110 	case ISN_ENDTRY:
7111 	case ISN_EXECCONCAT:
7112 	case ISN_EXECUTE:
7113 	case ISN_FOR:
7114 	case ISN_GETITEM:
7115 	case ISN_JUMP:
7116 	case ISN_LISTINDEX:
7117 	case ISN_LISTSLICE:
7118 	case ISN_LOAD:
7119 	case ISN_LOADBDICT:
7120 	case ISN_LOADGDICT:
7121 	case ISN_LOADOUTER:
7122 	case ISN_LOADREG:
7123 	case ISN_LOADSCRIPT:
7124 	case ISN_LOADTDICT:
7125 	case ISN_LOADV:
7126 	case ISN_LOADWDICT:
7127 	case ISN_MEMBER:
7128 	case ISN_NEGATENR:
7129 	case ISN_NEWDICT:
7130 	case ISN_NEWLIST:
7131 	case ISN_OPANY:
7132 	case ISN_OPFLOAT:
7133 	case ISN_OPNR:
7134 	case ISN_PCALL:
7135 	case ISN_PCALL_END:
7136 	case ISN_PUSHBOOL:
7137 	case ISN_PUSHF:
7138 	case ISN_PUSHNR:
7139 	case ISN_PUSHSPEC:
7140 	case ISN_RETURN:
7141 	case ISN_SHUFFLE:
7142 	case ISN_SLICE:
7143 	case ISN_STORE:
7144 	case ISN_STOREDICT:
7145 	case ISN_STORELIST:
7146 	case ISN_STORENR:
7147 	case ISN_STOREOUTER:
7148 	case ISN_STOREREG:
7149 	case ISN_STORESCRIPT:
7150 	case ISN_STOREV:
7151 	case ISN_STRINDEX:
7152 	case ISN_STRSLICE:
7153 	case ISN_THROW:
7154 	case ISN_TRY:
7155 	    // nothing allocated
7156 	    break;
7157     }
7158 }
7159 
7160 /*
7161  * Free all instructions for "dfunc".
7162  */
7163     static void
7164 delete_def_function_contents(dfunc_T *dfunc)
7165 {
7166     int idx;
7167 
7168     ga_clear(&dfunc->df_def_args_isn);
7169 
7170     if (dfunc->df_instr != NULL)
7171     {
7172 	for (idx = 0; idx < dfunc->df_instr_count; ++idx)
7173 	    delete_instr(dfunc->df_instr + idx);
7174 	VIM_CLEAR(dfunc->df_instr);
7175     }
7176 
7177     dfunc->df_deleted = TRUE;
7178 }
7179 
7180 /*
7181  * When a user function is deleted, clear the contents of any associated def
7182  * function.  The position in def_functions can be re-used.
7183  */
7184     void
7185 clear_def_function(ufunc_T *ufunc)
7186 {
7187     if (ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx > 0)
7188     {
7189 	dfunc_T *dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data)
7190 							 + ufunc->uf_dfunc_idx;
7191 
7192 	delete_def_function_contents(dfunc);
7193 	ufunc->uf_def_status = UF_NOT_COMPILED;
7194     }
7195 }
7196 
7197 #if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
7198 /*
7199  * Free all functions defined with ":def".
7200  */
7201     void
7202 free_def_functions(void)
7203 {
7204     int idx;
7205 
7206     for (idx = 0; idx < def_functions.ga_len; ++idx)
7207     {
7208 	dfunc_T *dfunc = ((dfunc_T *)def_functions.ga_data) + idx;
7209 
7210 	delete_def_function_contents(dfunc);
7211     }
7212 
7213     ga_clear(&def_functions);
7214 }
7215 #endif
7216 
7217 
7218 #endif // FEAT_EVAL
7219