xref: /vim-8.2.3635/src/ex_cmds.c (revision 1a928c20)
1 /* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
2  *
3  * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
4  *
5  * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
6  * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
7  * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
8  */
9 
10 /*
11  * ex_cmds.c: some functions for command line commands
12  */
13 
14 #include "vim.h"
15 #include "version.h"
16 
17 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
18 # include <float.h>
19 #endif
20 
21 static int linelen(int *has_tab);
22 static void do_filter(linenr_T line1, linenr_T line2, exarg_T *eap, char_u *cmd, int do_in, int do_out);
23 static int not_writing(void);
24 static int check_readonly(int *forceit, buf_T *buf);
25 static void delbuf_msg(char_u *name);
26 static int help_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2);
27 static void prepare_help_buffer(void);
28 
29 /*
30  * ":ascii" and "ga".
31  */
32     void
33 do_ascii(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
34 {
35     int		c;
36     int		cval;
37     char	buf1[20];
38     char	buf2[20];
39     char_u	buf3[7];
40 #ifdef FEAT_DIGRAPHS
41     char_u      *dig;
42 #endif
43     int		cc[MAX_MCO];
44     int		ci = 0;
45     int		len;
46 
47     if (enc_utf8)
48 	c = utfc_ptr2char(ml_get_cursor(), cc);
49     else
50 	c = gchar_cursor();
51     if (c == NUL)
52     {
53 	msg("NUL");
54 	return;
55     }
56 
57     IObuff[0] = NUL;
58     if (!has_mbyte || (enc_dbcs != 0 && c < 0x100) || c < 0x80)
59     {
60 	if (c == NL)	    // NUL is stored as NL
61 	    c = NUL;
62 	if (c == CAR && get_fileformat(curbuf) == EOL_MAC)
63 	    cval = NL;	    // NL is stored as CR
64 	else
65 	    cval = c;
66 	if (vim_isprintc_strict(c) && (c < ' '
67 #ifndef EBCDIC
68 		    || c > '~'
69 #endif
70 			       ))
71 	{
72 	    transchar_nonprint(buf3, c);
73 	    vim_snprintf(buf1, sizeof(buf1), "  <%s>", (char *)buf3);
74 	}
75 	else
76 	    buf1[0] = NUL;
77 #ifndef EBCDIC
78 	if (c >= 0x80)
79 	    vim_snprintf(buf2, sizeof(buf2), "  <M-%s>",
80 						 (char *)transchar(c & 0x7f));
81 	else
82 #endif
83 	    buf2[0] = NUL;
84 #ifdef FEAT_DIGRAPHS
85 	dig = get_digraph_for_char(cval);
86 	if (dig != NULL)
87 	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
88 		_("<%s>%s%s  %d,  Hex %02x,  Oct %03o, Digr %s"),
89 			      transchar(c), buf1, buf2, cval, cval, cval, dig);
90 	else
91 #endif
92 	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff, IOSIZE,
93 		_("<%s>%s%s  %d,  Hex %02x,  Octal %03o"),
94 				  transchar(c), buf1, buf2, cval, cval, cval);
95 	if (enc_utf8)
96 	    c = cc[ci++];
97 	else
98 	    c = 0;
99     }
100 
101     // Repeat for combining characters.
102     while (has_mbyte && (c >= 0x100 || (enc_utf8 && c >= 0x80)))
103     {
104 	len = (int)STRLEN(IObuff);
105 	// This assumes every multi-byte char is printable...
106 	if (len > 0)
107 	    IObuff[len++] = ' ';
108 	IObuff[len++] = '<';
109 	if (enc_utf8 && utf_iscomposing(c)
110 # ifdef USE_GUI
111 		&& !gui.in_use
112 # endif
113 		)
114 	    IObuff[len++] = ' '; // draw composing char on top of a space
115 	len += (*mb_char2bytes)(c, IObuff + len);
116 #ifdef FEAT_DIGRAPHS
117 	dig = get_digraph_for_char(c);
118 	if (dig != NULL)
119 	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff + len, IOSIZE - len,
120 			c < 0x10000 ? _("> %d, Hex %04x, Oct %o, Digr %s")
121 				    : _("> %d, Hex %08x, Oct %o, Digr %s"),
122 					c, c, c, dig);
123 	else
124 #endif
125 	    vim_snprintf((char *)IObuff + len, IOSIZE - len,
126 			 c < 0x10000 ? _("> %d, Hex %04x, Octal %o")
127 				     : _("> %d, Hex %08x, Octal %o"),
128 				     c, c, c);
129 	if (ci == MAX_MCO)
130 	    break;
131 	if (enc_utf8)
132 	    c = cc[ci++];
133 	else
134 	    c = 0;
135     }
136 
137     msg((char *)IObuff);
138 }
139 
140 /*
141  * ":left", ":center" and ":right": align text.
142  */
143     void
144 ex_align(exarg_T *eap)
145 {
146     pos_T	save_curpos;
147     int		len;
148     int		indent = 0;
149     int		new_indent;
150     int		has_tab;
151     int		width;
152 
153 #ifdef FEAT_RIGHTLEFT
154     if (curwin->w_p_rl)
155     {
156 	// switch left and right aligning
157 	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_right)
158 	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_left;
159 	else if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_left)
160 	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_right;
161     }
162 #endif
163 
164     width = atoi((char *)eap->arg);
165     save_curpos = curwin->w_cursor;
166     if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_left)    // width is used for new indent
167     {
168 	if (width >= 0)
169 	    indent = width;
170     }
171     else
172     {
173 	/*
174 	 * if 'textwidth' set, use it
175 	 * else if 'wrapmargin' set, use it
176 	 * if invalid value, use 80
177 	 */
178 	if (width <= 0)
179 	    width = curbuf->b_p_tw;
180 	if (width == 0 && curbuf->b_p_wm > 0)
181 	    width = curwin->w_width - curbuf->b_p_wm;
182 	if (width <= 0)
183 	    width = 80;
184     }
185 
186     if (u_save((linenr_T)(eap->line1 - 1), (linenr_T)(eap->line2 + 1)) == FAIL)
187 	return;
188 
189     for (curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
190 		 curwin->w_cursor.lnum <= eap->line2; ++curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
191     {
192 	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_left)		// left align
193 	    new_indent = indent;
194 	else
195 	{
196 	    has_tab = FALSE;	// avoid uninit warnings
197 	    len = linelen(eap->cmdidx == CMD_right ? &has_tab
198 						   : NULL) - get_indent();
199 
200 	    if (len <= 0)			// skip blank lines
201 		continue;
202 
203 	    if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_center)
204 		new_indent = (width - len) / 2;
205 	    else
206 	    {
207 		new_indent = width - len;	// right align
208 
209 		/*
210 		 * Make sure that embedded TABs don't make the text go too far
211 		 * to the right.
212 		 */
213 		if (has_tab)
214 		    while (new_indent > 0)
215 		    {
216 			(void)set_indent(new_indent, 0);
217 			if (linelen(NULL) <= width)
218 			{
219 			    /*
220 			     * Now try to move the line as much as possible to
221 			     * the right.  Stop when it moves too far.
222 			     */
223 			    do
224 				(void)set_indent(++new_indent, 0);
225 			    while (linelen(NULL) <= width);
226 			    --new_indent;
227 			    break;
228 			}
229 			--new_indent;
230 		    }
231 	    }
232 	}
233 	if (new_indent < 0)
234 	    new_indent = 0;
235 	(void)set_indent(new_indent, 0);		// set indent
236     }
237     changed_lines(eap->line1, 0, eap->line2 + 1, 0L);
238     curwin->w_cursor = save_curpos;
239     beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
240 }
241 
242 /*
243  * Get the length of the current line, excluding trailing white space.
244  */
245     static int
246 linelen(int *has_tab)
247 {
248     char_u  *line;
249     char_u  *first;
250     char_u  *last;
251     int	    save;
252     int	    len;
253 
254     // Get the line.  If it's empty bail out early (could be the empty string
255     // for an unloaded buffer).
256     line = ml_get_curline();
257     if (*line == NUL)
258 	return 0;
259 
260     // find the first non-blank character
261     first = skipwhite(line);
262 
263     // find the character after the last non-blank character
264     for (last = first + STRLEN(first);
265 				last > first && VIM_ISWHITE(last[-1]); --last)
266 	;
267     save = *last;
268     *last = NUL;
269     len = linetabsize(line);		// get line length
270     if (has_tab != NULL)		// check for embedded TAB
271 	*has_tab = (vim_strchr(first, TAB) != NULL);
272     *last = save;
273 
274     return len;
275 }
276 
277 // Buffer for two lines used during sorting.  They are allocated to
278 // contain the longest line being sorted.
279 static char_u	*sortbuf1;
280 static char_u	*sortbuf2;
281 
282 static int	sort_ic;	// ignore case
283 static int	sort_nr;	// sort on number
284 static int	sort_rx;	// sort on regex instead of skipping it
285 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
286 static int	sort_flt;	// sort on floating number
287 #endif
288 
289 static int	sort_abort;	// flag to indicate if sorting has been interrupted
290 
291 // Struct to store info to be sorted.
292 typedef struct
293 {
294     linenr_T	lnum;			// line number
295     union {
296 	struct
297 	{
298 	    varnumber_T	start_col_nr;	// starting column number
299 	    varnumber_T	end_col_nr;	// ending column number
300 	} line;
301 	struct
302 	{
303 	    varnumber_T	value;		// value if sorting by integer
304 	    int is_number;		// TRUE when line contains a number
305 	} num;
306 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
307 	float_T value_flt;		// value if sorting by float
308 #endif
309     } st_u;
310 } sorti_T;
311 
312 static int sort_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2);
313 
314     static int
315 sort_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2)
316 {
317     sorti_T	l1 = *(sorti_T *)s1;
318     sorti_T	l2 = *(sorti_T *)s2;
319     int		result = 0;
320 
321     // If the user interrupts, there's no way to stop qsort() immediately, but
322     // if we return 0 every time, qsort will assume it's done sorting and
323     // exit.
324     if (sort_abort)
325 	return 0;
326     fast_breakcheck();
327     if (got_int)
328 	sort_abort = TRUE;
329 
330     if (sort_nr)
331     {
332 	if (l1.st_u.num.is_number != l2.st_u.num.is_number)
333 	    result = l1.st_u.num.is_number - l2.st_u.num.is_number;
334 	else
335 	    result = l1.st_u.num.value == l2.st_u.num.value ? 0
336 			     : l1.st_u.num.value > l2.st_u.num.value ? 1 : -1;
337     }
338 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
339     else if (sort_flt)
340 	result = l1.st_u.value_flt == l2.st_u.value_flt ? 0
341 			     : l1.st_u.value_flt > l2.st_u.value_flt ? 1 : -1;
342 #endif
343     else
344     {
345 	// We need to copy one line into "sortbuf1", because there is no
346 	// guarantee that the first pointer becomes invalid when obtaining the
347 	// second one.
348 	STRNCPY(sortbuf1, ml_get(l1.lnum) + l1.st_u.line.start_col_nr,
349 		     l1.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l1.st_u.line.start_col_nr + 1);
350 	sortbuf1[l1.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l1.st_u.line.start_col_nr] = 0;
351 	STRNCPY(sortbuf2, ml_get(l2.lnum) + l2.st_u.line.start_col_nr,
352 		     l2.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l2.st_u.line.start_col_nr + 1);
353 	sortbuf2[l2.st_u.line.end_col_nr - l2.st_u.line.start_col_nr] = 0;
354 
355 	result = sort_ic ? STRICMP(sortbuf1, sortbuf2)
356 						 : STRCMP(sortbuf1, sortbuf2);
357     }
358 
359     // If two lines have the same value, preserve the original line order.
360     if (result == 0)
361 	return (int)(l1.lnum - l2.lnum);
362     return result;
363 }
364 
365 /*
366  * ":sort".
367  */
368     void
369 ex_sort(exarg_T *eap)
370 {
371     regmatch_T	regmatch;
372     int		len;
373     linenr_T	lnum;
374     long	maxlen = 0;
375     sorti_T	*nrs;
376     size_t	count = (size_t)(eap->line2 - eap->line1 + 1);
377     size_t	i;
378     char_u	*p;
379     char_u	*s;
380     char_u	*s2;
381     char_u	c;			// temporary character storage
382     int		unique = FALSE;
383     long	deleted;
384     colnr_T	start_col;
385     colnr_T	end_col;
386     int		sort_what = 0;
387     int		format_found = 0;
388     int		change_occurred = FALSE; // Buffer contents changed.
389 
390     // Sorting one line is really quick!
391     if (count <= 1)
392 	return;
393 
394     if (u_save((linenr_T)(eap->line1 - 1), (linenr_T)(eap->line2 + 1)) == FAIL)
395 	return;
396     sortbuf1 = NULL;
397     sortbuf2 = NULL;
398     regmatch.regprog = NULL;
399     nrs = ALLOC_MULT(sorti_T, count);
400     if (nrs == NULL)
401 	goto sortend;
402 
403     sort_abort = sort_ic = sort_rx = sort_nr = 0;
404 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
405     sort_flt = 0;
406 #endif
407 
408     for (p = eap->arg; *p != NUL; ++p)
409     {
410 	if (VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
411 	    ;
412 	else if (*p == 'i')
413 	    sort_ic = TRUE;
414 	else if (*p == 'r')
415 	    sort_rx = TRUE;
416 	else if (*p == 'n')
417 	{
418 	    sort_nr = 1;
419 	    ++format_found;
420 	}
421 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
422 	else if (*p == 'f')
423 	{
424 	    sort_flt = 1;
425 	    ++format_found;
426 	}
427 #endif
428 	else if (*p == 'b')
429 	{
430 	    sort_what = STR2NR_BIN + STR2NR_FORCE;
431 	    ++format_found;
432 	}
433 	else if (*p == 'o')
434 	{
435 	    sort_what = STR2NR_OCT + STR2NR_FORCE;
436 	    ++format_found;
437 	}
438 	else if (*p == 'x')
439 	{
440 	    sort_what = STR2NR_HEX + STR2NR_FORCE;
441 	    ++format_found;
442 	}
443 	else if (*p == 'u')
444 	    unique = TRUE;
445 	else if (*p == '"')	// comment start
446 	    break;
447 	else if (check_nextcmd(p) != NULL)
448 	{
449 	    eap->nextcmd = check_nextcmd(p);
450 	    break;
451 	}
452 	else if (!ASCII_ISALPHA(*p) && regmatch.regprog == NULL)
453 	{
454 	    s = skip_regexp(p + 1, *p, TRUE, NULL);
455 	    if (*s != *p)
456 	    {
457 		emsg(_(e_invalpat));
458 		goto sortend;
459 	    }
460 	    *s = NUL;
461 	    // Use last search pattern if sort pattern is empty.
462 	    if (s == p + 1)
463 	    {
464 		if (last_search_pat() == NULL)
465 		{
466 		    emsg(_(e_noprevre));
467 		    goto sortend;
468 		}
469 		regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(last_search_pat(), RE_MAGIC);
470 	    }
471 	    else
472 		regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(p + 1, RE_MAGIC);
473 	    if (regmatch.regprog == NULL)
474 		goto sortend;
475 	    p = s;		// continue after the regexp
476 	    regmatch.rm_ic = p_ic;
477 	}
478 	else
479 	{
480 	    semsg(_(e_invarg2), p);
481 	    goto sortend;
482 	}
483     }
484 
485     // Can only have one of 'n', 'b', 'o' and 'x'.
486     if (format_found > 1)
487     {
488 	emsg(_(e_invarg));
489 	goto sortend;
490     }
491 
492     // From here on "sort_nr" is used as a flag for any integer number
493     // sorting.
494     sort_nr += sort_what;
495 
496     /*
497      * Make an array with all line numbers.  This avoids having to copy all
498      * the lines into allocated memory.
499      * When sorting on strings "start_col_nr" is the offset in the line, for
500      * numbers sorting it's the number to sort on.  This means the pattern
501      * matching and number conversion only has to be done once per line.
502      * Also get the longest line length for allocating "sortbuf".
503      */
504     for (lnum = eap->line1; lnum <= eap->line2; ++lnum)
505     {
506 	s = ml_get(lnum);
507 	len = (int)STRLEN(s);
508 	if (maxlen < len)
509 	    maxlen = len;
510 
511 	start_col = 0;
512 	end_col = len;
513 	if (regmatch.regprog != NULL && vim_regexec(&regmatch, s, 0))
514 	{
515 	    if (sort_rx)
516 	    {
517 		start_col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.startp[0] - s);
518 		end_col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.endp[0] - s);
519 	    }
520 	    else
521 		start_col = (colnr_T)(regmatch.endp[0] - s);
522 	}
523 	else
524 	    if (regmatch.regprog != NULL)
525 		end_col = 0;
526 
527 	if (sort_nr
528 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
529 		|| sort_flt
530 #endif
531 		)
532 	{
533 	    // Make sure vim_str2nr doesn't read any digits past the end
534 	    // of the match, by temporarily terminating the string there
535 	    s2 = s + end_col;
536 	    c = *s2;
537 	    *s2 = NUL;
538 	    // Sorting on number: Store the number itself.
539 	    p = s + start_col;
540 	    if (sort_nr)
541 	    {
542 		if (sort_what & STR2NR_HEX)
543 		    s = skiptohex(p);
544 		else if (sort_what & STR2NR_BIN)
545 		    s = skiptobin(p);
546 		else
547 		    s = skiptodigit(p);
548 		if (s > p && s[-1] == '-')
549 		    --s;  // include preceding negative sign
550 		if (*s == NUL)
551 		{
552 		    // line without number should sort before any number
553 		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.is_number = FALSE;
554 		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.value = 0;
555 		}
556 		else
557 		{
558 		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.is_number = TRUE;
559 		    vim_str2nr(s, NULL, NULL, sort_what,
560 			&nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.num.value,
561 			NULL, 0, FALSE);
562 		}
563 	    }
564 #ifdef FEAT_FLOAT
565 	    else
566 	    {
567 		s = skipwhite(p);
568 		if (*s == '+')
569 		    s = skipwhite(s + 1);
570 
571 		if (*s == NUL)
572 		    // empty line should sort before any number
573 		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.value_flt = -DBL_MAX;
574 		else
575 		    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.value_flt =
576 						      strtod((char *)s, NULL);
577 	    }
578 #endif
579 	    *s2 = c;
580 	}
581 	else
582 	{
583 	    // Store the column to sort at.
584 	    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.line.start_col_nr = start_col;
585 	    nrs[lnum - eap->line1].st_u.line.end_col_nr = end_col;
586 	}
587 
588 	nrs[lnum - eap->line1].lnum = lnum;
589 
590 	if (regmatch.regprog != NULL)
591 	    fast_breakcheck();
592 	if (got_int)
593 	    goto sortend;
594     }
595 
596     // Allocate a buffer that can hold the longest line.
597     sortbuf1 = alloc(maxlen + 1);
598     if (sortbuf1 == NULL)
599 	goto sortend;
600     sortbuf2 = alloc(maxlen + 1);
601     if (sortbuf2 == NULL)
602 	goto sortend;
603 
604     // Sort the array of line numbers.  Note: can't be interrupted!
605     qsort((void *)nrs, count, sizeof(sorti_T), sort_compare);
606 
607     if (sort_abort)
608 	goto sortend;
609 
610     // Insert the lines in the sorted order below the last one.
611     lnum = eap->line2;
612     for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
613     {
614 	linenr_T get_lnum = nrs[eap->forceit ? count - i - 1 : i].lnum;
615 
616 	// If the original line number of the line being placed is not the same
617 	// as "lnum" (accounting for offset), we know that the buffer changed.
618 	if (get_lnum + ((linenr_T)count - 1) != lnum)
619 	    change_occurred = TRUE;
620 
621 	s = ml_get(get_lnum);
622 	if (!unique || i == 0
623 		|| (sort_ic ? STRICMP(s, sortbuf1) : STRCMP(s, sortbuf1)) != 0)
624 	{
625 	    // Copy the line into a buffer, it may become invalid in
626 	    // ml_append(). And it's needed for "unique".
627 	    STRCPY(sortbuf1, s);
628 	    if (ml_append(lnum++, sortbuf1, (colnr_T)0, FALSE) == FAIL)
629 		break;
630 	}
631 	fast_breakcheck();
632 	if (got_int)
633 	    goto sortend;
634     }
635 
636     // delete the original lines if appending worked
637     if (i == count)
638 	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
639 	    ml_delete(eap->line1, FALSE);
640     else
641 	count = 0;
642 
643     // Adjust marks for deleted (or added) lines and prepare for displaying.
644     deleted = (long)(count - (lnum - eap->line2));
645     if (deleted > 0)
646     {
647 	mark_adjust(eap->line2 - deleted, eap->line2, (long)MAXLNUM, -deleted);
648 	msgmore(-deleted);
649     }
650     else if (deleted < 0)
651 	mark_adjust(eap->line2, MAXLNUM, -deleted, 0L);
652 
653     if (change_occurred || deleted != 0)
654 	changed_lines(eap->line1, 0, eap->line2 + 1, -deleted);
655 
656     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
657     beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
658 
659 sortend:
660     vim_free(nrs);
661     vim_free(sortbuf1);
662     vim_free(sortbuf2);
663     vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
664     if (got_int)
665 	emsg(_(e_interr));
666 }
667 
668 /*
669  * :move command - move lines line1-line2 to line dest
670  *
671  * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
672  */
673     int
674 do_move(linenr_T line1, linenr_T line2, linenr_T dest)
675 {
676     char_u	*str;
677     linenr_T	l;
678     linenr_T	extra;	    // Num lines added before line1
679     linenr_T	num_lines;  // Num lines moved
680     linenr_T	last_line;  // Last line in file after adding new text
681 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
682     win_T	*win;
683     tabpage_T	*tp;
684 #endif
685 
686     if (dest >= line1 && dest < line2)
687     {
688 	emsg(_("E134: Cannot move a range of lines into itself"));
689 	return FAIL;
690     }
691 
692     // Do nothing if we are not actually moving any lines.  This will prevent
693     // the 'modified' flag from being set without cause.
694     if (dest == line1 - 1 || dest == line2)
695     {
696 	// Move the cursor as if lines were moved (see below) to be backwards
697 	// compatible.
698 	if (dest >= line1)
699 	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest;
700 	else
701 	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest + (line2 - line1) + 1;
702 
703 	return OK;
704     }
705 
706     num_lines = line2 - line1 + 1;
707 
708     /*
709      * First we copy the old text to its new location -- webb
710      * Also copy the flag that ":global" command uses.
711      */
712     if (u_save(dest, dest + 1) == FAIL)
713 	return FAIL;
714     for (extra = 0, l = line1; l <= line2; l++)
715     {
716 	str = vim_strsave(ml_get(l + extra));
717 	if (str != NULL)
718 	{
719 	    ml_append(dest + l - line1, str, (colnr_T)0, FALSE);
720 	    vim_free(str);
721 	    if (dest < line1)
722 		extra++;
723 	}
724     }
725 
726     /*
727      * Now we must be careful adjusting our marks so that we don't overlap our
728      * mark_adjust() calls.
729      *
730      * We adjust the marks within the old text so that they refer to the
731      * last lines of the file (temporarily), because we know no other marks
732      * will be set there since these line numbers did not exist until we added
733      * our new lines.
734      *
735      * Then we adjust the marks on lines between the old and new text positions
736      * (either forwards or backwards).
737      *
738      * And Finally we adjust the marks we put at the end of the file back to
739      * their final destination at the new text position -- webb
740      */
741     last_line = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
742     mark_adjust_nofold(line1, line2, last_line - line2, 0L);
743     if (dest >= line2)
744     {
745 	mark_adjust_nofold(line2 + 1, dest, -num_lines, 0L);
746 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
747 	FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, win) {
748 	    if (win->w_buffer == curbuf)
749 		foldMoveRange(&win->w_folds, line1, line2, dest);
750 	}
751 #endif
752 	if (!cmdmod.lockmarks)
753 	{
754 	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = dest - num_lines + 1;
755 	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = dest;
756 	}
757     }
758     else
759     {
760 	mark_adjust_nofold(dest + 1, line1 - 1, num_lines, 0L);
761 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
762 	FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, win) {
763 	    if (win->w_buffer == curbuf)
764 		foldMoveRange(&win->w_folds, dest + 1, line1 - 1, line2);
765 	}
766 #endif
767 	if (!cmdmod.lockmarks)
768 	{
769 	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = dest + 1;
770 	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = dest + num_lines;
771 	}
772     }
773     if (!cmdmod.lockmarks)
774 	curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
775     mark_adjust_nofold(last_line - num_lines + 1, last_line,
776 					     -(last_line - dest - extra), 0L);
777 
778     /*
779      * Now we delete the original text -- webb
780      */
781     if (u_save(line1 + extra - 1, line2 + extra + 1) == FAIL)
782 	return FAIL;
783 
784     for (l = line1; l <= line2; l++)
785 	ml_delete(line1 + extra, TRUE);
786 
787     if (!global_busy && num_lines > p_report)
788 	smsg(NGETTEXT("%ld line moved", "%ld lines moved", num_lines),
789 			(long)num_lines);
790 
791     /*
792      * Leave the cursor on the last of the moved lines.
793      */
794     if (dest >= line1)
795 	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest;
796     else
797 	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = dest + (line2 - line1) + 1;
798 
799     if (line1 < dest)
800     {
801 	dest += num_lines + 1;
802 	last_line = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
803 	if (dest > last_line + 1)
804 	    dest = last_line + 1;
805 	changed_lines(line1, 0, dest, 0L);
806     }
807     else
808 	changed_lines(dest + 1, 0, line1 + num_lines, 0L);
809 
810     return OK;
811 }
812 
813 /*
814  * ":copy"
815  */
816     void
817 ex_copy(linenr_T line1, linenr_T line2, linenr_T n)
818 {
819     linenr_T	count;
820     char_u	*p;
821 
822     count = line2 - line1 + 1;
823     if (!cmdmod.lockmarks)
824     {
825 	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = n + 1;
826 	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = n + count;
827 	curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
828     }
829 
830     /*
831      * there are three situations:
832      * 1. destination is above line1
833      * 2. destination is between line1 and line2
834      * 3. destination is below line2
835      *
836      * n = destination (when starting)
837      * curwin->w_cursor.lnum = destination (while copying)
838      * line1 = start of source (while copying)
839      * line2 = end of source (while copying)
840      */
841     if (u_save(n, n + 1) == FAIL)
842 	return;
843 
844     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = n;
845     while (line1 <= line2)
846     {
847 	// need to use vim_strsave() because the line will be unlocked within
848 	// ml_append()
849 	p = vim_strsave(ml_get(line1));
850 	if (p != NULL)
851 	{
852 	    ml_append(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, p, (colnr_T)0, FALSE);
853 	    vim_free(p);
854 	}
855 	// situation 2: skip already copied lines
856 	if (line1 == n)
857 	    line1 = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
858 	++line1;
859 	if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum < line1)
860 	    ++line1;
861 	if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum < line2)
862 	    ++line2;
863 	++curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
864     }
865 
866     appended_lines_mark(n, count);
867 
868     msgmore((long)count);
869 }
870 
871 static char_u	*prevcmd = NULL;	// the previous command
872 
873 #if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
874     void
875 free_prev_shellcmd(void)
876 {
877     vim_free(prevcmd);
878 }
879 #endif
880 
881 /*
882  * Handle the ":!cmd" command.	Also for ":r !cmd" and ":w !cmd"
883  * Bangs in the argument are replaced with the previously entered command.
884  * Remember the argument.
885  */
886     void
887 do_bang(
888     int		addr_count,
889     exarg_T	*eap,
890     int		forceit,
891     int		do_in,
892     int		do_out)
893 {
894     char_u		*arg = eap->arg;	// command
895     linenr_T		line1 = eap->line1;	// start of range
896     linenr_T		line2 = eap->line2;	// end of range
897     char_u		*newcmd = NULL;		// the new command
898     int			free_newcmd = FALSE;    // need to free() newcmd
899     int			ins_prevcmd;
900     char_u		*t;
901     char_u		*p;
902     char_u		*trailarg;
903     int			len;
904     int			scroll_save = msg_scroll;
905 
906     /*
907      * Disallow shell commands for "rvim".
908      * Disallow shell commands from .exrc and .vimrc in current directory for
909      * security reasons.
910      */
911     if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
912 	return;
913 
914     if (addr_count == 0)		// :!
915     {
916 	msg_scroll = FALSE;	    // don't scroll here
917 	autowrite_all();
918 	msg_scroll = scroll_save;
919     }
920 
921     /*
922      * Try to find an embedded bang, like in :!<cmd> ! [args]
923      * (:!! is indicated by the 'forceit' variable)
924      */
925     ins_prevcmd = forceit;
926     trailarg = arg;
927     do
928     {
929 	len = (int)STRLEN(trailarg) + 1;
930 	if (newcmd != NULL)
931 	    len += (int)STRLEN(newcmd);
932 	if (ins_prevcmd)
933 	{
934 	    if (prevcmd == NULL)
935 	    {
936 		emsg(_(e_noprev));
937 		vim_free(newcmd);
938 		return;
939 	    }
940 	    len += (int)STRLEN(prevcmd);
941 	}
942 	if ((t = alloc(len)) == NULL)
943 	{
944 	    vim_free(newcmd);
945 	    return;
946 	}
947 	*t = NUL;
948 	if (newcmd != NULL)
949 	    STRCAT(t, newcmd);
950 	if (ins_prevcmd)
951 	    STRCAT(t, prevcmd);
952 	p = t + STRLEN(t);
953 	STRCAT(t, trailarg);
954 	vim_free(newcmd);
955 	newcmd = t;
956 
957 	/*
958 	 * Scan the rest of the argument for '!', which is replaced by the
959 	 * previous command.  "\!" is replaced by "!" (this is vi compatible).
960 	 */
961 	trailarg = NULL;
962 	while (*p)
963 	{
964 	    if (*p == '!')
965 	    {
966 		if (p > newcmd && p[-1] == '\\')
967 		    STRMOVE(p - 1, p);
968 		else
969 		{
970 		    trailarg = p;
971 		    *trailarg++ = NUL;
972 		    ins_prevcmd = TRUE;
973 		    break;
974 		}
975 	    }
976 	    ++p;
977 	}
978     } while (trailarg != NULL);
979 
980     vim_free(prevcmd);
981     prevcmd = newcmd;
982 
983     if (bangredo)	    // put cmd in redo buffer for ! command
984     {
985 	// If % or # appears in the command, it must have been escaped.
986 	// Reescape them, so that redoing them does not substitute them by the
987 	// buffername.
988 	char_u *cmd = vim_strsave_escaped(prevcmd, (char_u *)"%#");
989 
990 	if (cmd != NULL)
991 	{
992 	    AppendToRedobuffLit(cmd, -1);
993 	    vim_free(cmd);
994 	}
995 	else
996 	    AppendToRedobuffLit(prevcmd, -1);
997 	AppendToRedobuff((char_u *)"\n");
998 	bangredo = FALSE;
999     }
1000     /*
1001      * Add quotes around the command, for shells that need them.
1002      */
1003     if (*p_shq != NUL)
1004     {
1005 	newcmd = alloc(STRLEN(prevcmd) + 2 * STRLEN(p_shq) + 1);
1006 	if (newcmd == NULL)
1007 	    return;
1008 	STRCPY(newcmd, p_shq);
1009 	STRCAT(newcmd, prevcmd);
1010 	STRCAT(newcmd, p_shq);
1011 	free_newcmd = TRUE;
1012     }
1013     if (addr_count == 0)		// :!
1014     {
1015 	// echo the command
1016 	msg_start();
1017 	msg_putchar(':');
1018 	msg_putchar('!');
1019 	msg_outtrans(newcmd);
1020 	msg_clr_eos();
1021 	windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
1022 
1023 	do_shell(newcmd, 0);
1024     }
1025     else				// :range!
1026     {
1027 	// Careful: This may recursively call do_bang() again! (because of
1028 	// autocommands)
1029 	do_filter(line1, line2, eap, newcmd, do_in, do_out);
1030 	apply_autocmds(EVENT_SHELLFILTERPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
1031     }
1032     if (free_newcmd)
1033 	vim_free(newcmd);
1034 }
1035 
1036 /*
1037  * do_filter: filter lines through a command given by the user
1038  *
1039  * We mostly use temp files and the call_shell() routine here. This would
1040  * normally be done using pipes on a UNIX machine, but this is more portable
1041  * to non-unix machines. The call_shell() routine needs to be able
1042  * to deal with redirection somehow, and should handle things like looking
1043  * at the PATH env. variable, and adding reasonable extensions to the
1044  * command name given by the user. All reasonable versions of call_shell()
1045  * do this.
1046  * Alternatively, if on Unix and redirecting input or output, but not both,
1047  * and the 'shelltemp' option isn't set, use pipes.
1048  * We use input redirection if do_in is TRUE.
1049  * We use output redirection if do_out is TRUE.
1050  */
1051     static void
1052 do_filter(
1053     linenr_T	line1,
1054     linenr_T	line2,
1055     exarg_T	*eap,		// for forced 'ff' and 'fenc'
1056     char_u	*cmd,
1057     int		do_in,
1058     int		do_out)
1059 {
1060     char_u	*itmp = NULL;
1061     char_u	*otmp = NULL;
1062     linenr_T	linecount;
1063     linenr_T	read_linecount;
1064     pos_T	cursor_save;
1065     char_u	*cmd_buf;
1066     buf_T	*old_curbuf = curbuf;
1067     int		shell_flags = 0;
1068     pos_T	orig_start = curbuf->b_op_start;
1069     pos_T	orig_end = curbuf->b_op_end;
1070     int		save_lockmarks = cmdmod.lockmarks;
1071 #ifdef FEAT_FILTERPIPE
1072     int		stmp = p_stmp;
1073 #endif
1074 
1075     if (*cmd == NUL)	    // no filter command
1076 	return;
1077 
1078     // Temporarily disable lockmarks since that's needed to propagate changed
1079     // regions of the buffer for foldUpdate(), linecount, etc.
1080     cmdmod.lockmarks = 0;
1081 
1082     cursor_save = curwin->w_cursor;
1083     linecount = line2 - line1 + 1;
1084     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line1;
1085     curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
1086     changed_line_abv_curs();
1087     invalidate_botline();
1088 
1089     /*
1090      * When using temp files:
1091      * 1. * Form temp file names
1092      * 2. * Write the lines to a temp file
1093      * 3.   Run the filter command on the temp file
1094      * 4. * Read the output of the command into the buffer
1095      * 5. * Delete the original lines to be filtered
1096      * 6. * Remove the temp files
1097      *
1098      * When writing the input with a pipe or when catching the output with a
1099      * pipe only need to do 3.
1100      */
1101 
1102     if (do_out)
1103 	shell_flags |= SHELL_DOOUT;
1104 
1105 #ifdef FEAT_FILTERPIPE
1106 # ifdef VIMDLL
1107     if (!gui.in_use && !gui.starting)
1108 	stmp = 1;   // Console mode doesn't support filterpipe.
1109 # endif
1110 
1111     if (!do_in && do_out && !stmp)
1112     {
1113 	// Use a pipe to fetch stdout of the command, do not use a temp file.
1114 	shell_flags |= SHELL_READ;
1115 	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line2;
1116     }
1117     else if (do_in && !do_out && !stmp)
1118     {
1119 	// Use a pipe to write stdin of the command, do not use a temp file.
1120 	shell_flags |= SHELL_WRITE;
1121 	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = line1;
1122 	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = line2;
1123     }
1124     else if (do_in && do_out && !stmp)
1125     {
1126 	// Use a pipe to write stdin and fetch stdout of the command, do not
1127 	// use a temp file.
1128 	shell_flags |= SHELL_READ|SHELL_WRITE;
1129 	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = line1;
1130 	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = line2;
1131 	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line2;
1132     }
1133     else
1134 #endif
1135 	if ((do_in && (itmp = vim_tempname('i', FALSE)) == NULL)
1136 		|| (do_out && (otmp = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL))
1137 	{
1138 	    emsg(_(e_notmp));
1139 	    goto filterend;
1140 	}
1141 
1142 /*
1143  * The writing and reading of temp files will not be shown.
1144  * Vi also doesn't do this and the messages are not very informative.
1145  */
1146     ++no_wait_return;		// don't call wait_return() while busy
1147     if (itmp != NULL && buf_write(curbuf, itmp, NULL, line1, line2, eap,
1148 					   FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE) == FAIL)
1149     {
1150 	msg_putchar('\n');		// keep message from buf_write()
1151 	--no_wait_return;
1152 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
1153 	if (!aborting())
1154 #endif
1155 	    (void)semsg(_(e_notcreate), itmp);	// will call wait_return
1156 	goto filterend;
1157     }
1158     if (curbuf != old_curbuf)
1159 	goto filterend;
1160 
1161     if (!do_out)
1162 	msg_putchar('\n');
1163 
1164     // Create the shell command in allocated memory.
1165     cmd_buf = make_filter_cmd(cmd, itmp, otmp);
1166     if (cmd_buf == NULL)
1167 	goto filterend;
1168 
1169     windgoto((int)Rows - 1, 0);
1170     cursor_on();
1171 
1172     /*
1173      * When not redirecting the output the command can write anything to the
1174      * screen. If 'shellredir' is equal to ">", screen may be messed up by
1175      * stderr output of external command. Clear the screen later.
1176      * If do_in is FALSE, this could be something like ":r !cat", which may
1177      * also mess up the screen, clear it later.
1178      */
1179     if (!do_out || STRCMP(p_srr, ">") == 0 || !do_in)
1180 	redraw_later_clear();
1181 
1182     if (do_out)
1183     {
1184 	if (u_save((linenr_T)(line2), (linenr_T)(line2 + 1)) == FAIL)
1185 	{
1186 	    vim_free(cmd_buf);
1187 	    goto error;
1188 	}
1189 	redraw_curbuf_later(VALID);
1190     }
1191     read_linecount = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
1192 
1193     /*
1194      * When call_shell() fails wait_return() is called to give the user a
1195      * chance to read the error messages. Otherwise errors are ignored, so you
1196      * can see the error messages from the command that appear on stdout; use
1197      * 'u' to fix the text
1198      * Switch to cooked mode when not redirecting stdin, avoids that something
1199      * like ":r !cat" hangs.
1200      * Pass on the SHELL_DOOUT flag when the output is being redirected.
1201      */
1202     if (call_shell(cmd_buf, SHELL_FILTER | SHELL_COOKED | shell_flags))
1203     {
1204 	redraw_later_clear();
1205 	wait_return(FALSE);
1206     }
1207     vim_free(cmd_buf);
1208 
1209     did_check_timestamps = FALSE;
1210     need_check_timestamps = TRUE;
1211 
1212     // When interrupting the shell command, it may still have produced some
1213     // useful output.  Reset got_int here, so that readfile() won't cancel
1214     // reading.
1215     ui_breakcheck();
1216     got_int = FALSE;
1217 
1218     if (do_out)
1219     {
1220 	if (otmp != NULL)
1221 	{
1222 	    if (readfile(otmp, NULL, line2, (linenr_T)0, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM,
1223 						    eap, READ_FILTER) != OK)
1224 	    {
1225 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
1226 		if (!aborting())
1227 #endif
1228 		{
1229 		    msg_putchar('\n');
1230 		    semsg(_(e_notread), otmp);
1231 		}
1232 		goto error;
1233 	    }
1234 	    if (curbuf != old_curbuf)
1235 		goto filterend;
1236 	}
1237 
1238 	read_linecount = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - read_linecount;
1239 
1240 	if (shell_flags & SHELL_READ)
1241 	{
1242 	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = line2 + 1;
1243 	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
1244 	    appended_lines_mark(line2, read_linecount);
1245 	}
1246 
1247 	if (do_in)
1248 	{
1249 	    if (cmdmod.keepmarks || vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_REMMARK) == NULL)
1250 	    {
1251 		if (read_linecount >= linecount)
1252 		    // move all marks from old lines to new lines
1253 		    mark_adjust(line1, line2, linecount, 0L);
1254 		else
1255 		{
1256 		    // move marks from old lines to new lines, delete marks
1257 		    // that are in deleted lines
1258 		    mark_adjust(line1, line1 + read_linecount - 1,
1259 								linecount, 0L);
1260 		    mark_adjust(line1 + read_linecount, line2, MAXLNUM, 0L);
1261 		}
1262 	    }
1263 
1264 	    /*
1265 	     * Put cursor on first filtered line for ":range!cmd".
1266 	     * Adjust '[ and '] (set by buf_write()).
1267 	     */
1268 	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = line1;
1269 	    del_lines(linecount, TRUE);
1270 	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum -= linecount;	// adjust '[
1271 	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum -= linecount;		// adjust ']
1272 	    write_lnum_adjust(-linecount);		// adjust last line
1273 							// for next write
1274 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
1275 	    foldUpdate(curwin, curbuf->b_op_start.lnum, curbuf->b_op_end.lnum);
1276 #endif
1277 	}
1278 	else
1279 	{
1280 	    /*
1281 	     * Put cursor on last new line for ":r !cmd".
1282 	     */
1283 	    linecount = curbuf->b_op_end.lnum - curbuf->b_op_start.lnum + 1;
1284 	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curbuf->b_op_end.lnum;
1285 	}
1286 
1287 	beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);	    // cursor on first non-blank
1288 	--no_wait_return;
1289 
1290 	if (linecount > p_report)
1291 	{
1292 	    if (do_in)
1293 	    {
1294 		vim_snprintf(msg_buf, sizeof(msg_buf),
1295 				    _("%ld lines filtered"), (long)linecount);
1296 		if (msg(msg_buf) && !msg_scroll)
1297 		    // save message to display it after redraw
1298 		    set_keep_msg((char_u *)msg_buf, 0);
1299 	    }
1300 	    else
1301 		msgmore((long)linecount);
1302 	}
1303     }
1304     else
1305     {
1306 error:
1307 	// put cursor back in same position for ":w !cmd"
1308 	curwin->w_cursor = cursor_save;
1309 	--no_wait_return;
1310 	wait_return(FALSE);
1311     }
1312 
1313 filterend:
1314 
1315     cmdmod.lockmarks = save_lockmarks;
1316     if (curbuf != old_curbuf)
1317     {
1318 	--no_wait_return;
1319 	emsg(_("E135: *Filter* Autocommands must not change current buffer"));
1320     }
1321     else if (cmdmod.lockmarks)
1322     {
1323 	curbuf->b_op_start = orig_start;
1324 	curbuf->b_op_end = orig_end;
1325     }
1326 
1327     if (itmp != NULL)
1328 	mch_remove(itmp);
1329     if (otmp != NULL)
1330 	mch_remove(otmp);
1331     vim_free(itmp);
1332     vim_free(otmp);
1333 }
1334 
1335 /*
1336  * Call a shell to execute a command.
1337  * When "cmd" is NULL start an interactive shell.
1338  */
1339     void
1340 do_shell(
1341     char_u	*cmd,
1342     int		flags)	// may be SHELL_DOOUT when output is redirected
1343 {
1344     buf_T	*buf;
1345 #if !defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(VIMDLL)
1346     int		save_nwr;
1347 #endif
1348 #ifdef MSWIN
1349     int		winstart = FALSE;
1350     int		keep_termcap = FALSE;
1351 #endif
1352 
1353     /*
1354      * Disallow shell commands for "rvim".
1355      * Disallow shell commands from .exrc and .vimrc in current directory for
1356      * security reasons.
1357      */
1358     if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
1359     {
1360 	msg_end();
1361 	return;
1362     }
1363 
1364 #ifdef MSWIN
1365     /*
1366      * Check if ":!start" is used.  This implies not stopping termcap mode.
1367      */
1368     if (cmd != NULL)
1369 	keep_termcap = winstart = (STRNICMP(cmd, "start ", 6) == 0);
1370 
1371 # if defined(FEAT_GUI) && defined(FEAT_TERMINAL)
1372     // Don't stop termcap mode when using a terminal window for the shell.
1373     if (gui.in_use && vim_strchr(p_go, GO_TERMINAL) != NULL)
1374 	keep_termcap = TRUE;
1375 # endif
1376 #endif
1377 
1378     /*
1379      * For autocommands we want to get the output on the current screen, to
1380      * avoid having to type return below.
1381      */
1382     msg_putchar('\r');			// put cursor at start of line
1383     if (!autocmd_busy)
1384     {
1385 #ifdef MSWIN
1386 	if (!keep_termcap)
1387 #endif
1388 	    stoptermcap();
1389     }
1390 #ifdef MSWIN
1391     if (!winstart)
1392 #endif
1393 	msg_putchar('\n');		// may shift screen one line up
1394 
1395     // warning message before calling the shell
1396     if (p_warn && !autocmd_busy && msg_silent == 0)
1397 	FOR_ALL_BUFFERS(buf)
1398 	    if (bufIsChangedNotTerm(buf))
1399 	    {
1400 #ifdef FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
1401 		if (!keep_termcap)
1402 		    starttermcap();	// don't want a message box here
1403 #endif
1404 		msg_puts(_("[No write since last change]\n"));
1405 #ifdef FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
1406 		if (!keep_termcap)
1407 		    stoptermcap();
1408 #endif
1409 		break;
1410 	    }
1411 
1412     // This windgoto is required for when the '\n' resulted in a "delete line
1413     // 1" command to the terminal.
1414     if (!swapping_screen())
1415 	windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
1416     cursor_on();
1417     (void)call_shell(cmd, SHELL_COOKED | flags);
1418     did_check_timestamps = FALSE;
1419     need_check_timestamps = TRUE;
1420 
1421     /*
1422      * put the message cursor at the end of the screen, avoids wait_return()
1423      * to overwrite the text that the external command showed
1424      */
1425     if (!swapping_screen())
1426     {
1427 	msg_row = Rows - 1;
1428 	msg_col = 0;
1429     }
1430 
1431     if (autocmd_busy)
1432     {
1433 	if (msg_silent == 0)
1434 	    redraw_later_clear();
1435     }
1436     else
1437     {
1438 	/*
1439 	 * For ":sh" there is no need to call wait_return(), just redraw.
1440 	 * Also for the Win32 GUI (the output is in a console window).
1441 	 * Otherwise there is probably text on the screen that the user wants
1442 	 * to read before redrawing, so call wait_return().
1443 	 */
1444 #if !defined(FEAT_GUI_MSWIN) || defined(VIMDLL)
1445 # ifdef VIMDLL
1446 	if (!gui.in_use)
1447 # endif
1448 	{
1449 	    if (cmd == NULL
1450 # ifdef MSWIN
1451 		    || (keep_termcap && !need_wait_return)
1452 # endif
1453 	       )
1454 	    {
1455 		if (msg_silent == 0)
1456 		    redraw_later_clear();
1457 		need_wait_return = FALSE;
1458 	    }
1459 	    else
1460 	    {
1461 		/*
1462 		 * If we switch screens when starttermcap() is called, we
1463 		 * really want to wait for "hit return to continue".
1464 		 */
1465 		save_nwr = no_wait_return;
1466 		if (swapping_screen())
1467 		    no_wait_return = FALSE;
1468 # ifdef AMIGA
1469 		wait_return(term_console ? -1 : msg_silent == 0); // see below
1470 # else
1471 		wait_return(msg_silent == 0);
1472 # endif
1473 		no_wait_return = save_nwr;
1474 	    }
1475 	}
1476 #endif // FEAT_GUI_MSWIN
1477 
1478 #ifdef MSWIN
1479 	if (!keep_termcap)	// if keep_termcap is TRUE didn't stop termcap
1480 #endif
1481 	    starttermcap();	// start termcap if not done by wait_return()
1482 
1483 	/*
1484 	 * In an Amiga window redrawing is caused by asking the window size.
1485 	 * If we got an interrupt this will not work. The chance that the
1486 	 * window size is wrong is very small, but we need to redraw the
1487 	 * screen.  Don't do this if ':' hit in wait_return().	THIS IS UGLY
1488 	 * but it saves an extra redraw.
1489 	 */
1490 #ifdef AMIGA
1491 	if (skip_redraw)		// ':' hit in wait_return()
1492 	{
1493 	    if (msg_silent == 0)
1494 		redraw_later_clear();
1495 	}
1496 	else if (term_console)
1497 	{
1498 	    OUT_STR(IF_EB("\033[0 q", ESC_STR "[0 q"));	// get window size
1499 	    if (got_int && msg_silent == 0)
1500 		redraw_later_clear();	// if got_int is TRUE, redraw needed
1501 	    else
1502 		must_redraw = 0;	// no extra redraw needed
1503 	}
1504 #endif
1505     }
1506 
1507     // display any error messages now
1508     display_errors();
1509 
1510     apply_autocmds(EVENT_SHELLCMDPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
1511 }
1512 
1513 #if !defined(UNIX)
1514     static char_u *
1515 find_pipe(char_u *cmd)
1516 {
1517     char_u  *p;
1518     int	    inquote = FALSE;
1519 
1520     for (p = cmd; *p != NUL; ++p)
1521     {
1522 	if (!inquote && *p == '|')
1523 	    return p;
1524 	if (*p == '"')
1525 	    inquote = !inquote;
1526 	else if (rem_backslash(p))
1527 	    ++p;
1528     }
1529     return NULL;
1530 }
1531 #endif
1532 
1533 /*
1534  * Create a shell command from a command string, input redirection file and
1535  * output redirection file.
1536  * Returns an allocated string with the shell command, or NULL for failure.
1537  */
1538     char_u *
1539 make_filter_cmd(
1540     char_u	*cmd,		// command
1541     char_u	*itmp,		// NULL or name of input file
1542     char_u	*otmp)		// NULL or name of output file
1543 {
1544     char_u	*buf;
1545     long_u	len;
1546 
1547 #if defined(UNIX)
1548     int		is_fish_shell;
1549     char_u	*shell_name = get_isolated_shell_name();
1550 
1551     // Account for fish's different syntax for subshells
1552     is_fish_shell = (fnamecmp(shell_name, "fish") == 0);
1553     vim_free(shell_name);
1554     if (is_fish_shell)
1555 	len = (long_u)STRLEN(cmd) + 13;		// "begin; " + "; end" + NUL
1556     else
1557 #endif
1558 	len = (long_u)STRLEN(cmd) + 3;			// "()" + NUL
1559     if (itmp != NULL)
1560 	len += (long_u)STRLEN(itmp) + 9;		// " { < " + " } "
1561     if (otmp != NULL)
1562 	len += (long_u)STRLEN(otmp) + (long_u)STRLEN(p_srr) + 2; // "  "
1563     buf = alloc(len);
1564     if (buf == NULL)
1565 	return NULL;
1566 
1567 #if defined(UNIX)
1568     /*
1569      * Put braces around the command (for concatenated commands) when
1570      * redirecting input and/or output.
1571      */
1572     if (itmp != NULL || otmp != NULL)
1573     {
1574 	if (is_fish_shell)
1575 	    vim_snprintf((char *)buf, len, "begin; %s; end", (char *)cmd);
1576 	else
1577 	    vim_snprintf((char *)buf, len, "(%s)", (char *)cmd);
1578     }
1579     else
1580 	STRCPY(buf, cmd);
1581     if (itmp != NULL)
1582     {
1583 	STRCAT(buf, " < ");
1584 	STRCAT(buf, itmp);
1585     }
1586 #else
1587     // For shells that don't understand braces around commands, at least allow
1588     // the use of commands in a pipe.
1589     if (*p_sxe != NUL && *p_sxq == '(')
1590     {
1591 	if (itmp != NULL || otmp != NULL)
1592 	    vim_snprintf((char *)buf, len, "(%s)", (char *)cmd);
1593 	else
1594 	    STRCPY(buf, cmd);
1595 	if (itmp != NULL)
1596 	{
1597 	    STRCAT(buf, " < ");
1598 	    STRCAT(buf, itmp);
1599 	}
1600     }
1601     else
1602     {
1603 	STRCPY(buf, cmd);
1604 	if (itmp != NULL)
1605 	{
1606 	    char_u	*p;
1607 
1608 	    // If there is a pipe, we have to put the '<' in front of it.
1609 	    // Don't do this when 'shellquote' is not empty, otherwise the
1610 	    // redirection would be inside the quotes.
1611 	    if (*p_shq == NUL)
1612 	    {
1613 		p = find_pipe(buf);
1614 		if (p != NULL)
1615 		    *p = NUL;
1616 	    }
1617 	    STRCAT(buf, " <");	// " < " causes problems on Amiga
1618 	    STRCAT(buf, itmp);
1619 	    if (*p_shq == NUL)
1620 	    {
1621 		p = find_pipe(cmd);
1622 		if (p != NULL)
1623 		{
1624 		    STRCAT(buf, " ");  // insert a space before the '|' for DOS
1625 		    STRCAT(buf, p);
1626 		}
1627 	    }
1628 	}
1629     }
1630 #endif
1631     if (otmp != NULL)
1632 	append_redir(buf, (int)len, p_srr, otmp);
1633 
1634     return buf;
1635 }
1636 
1637 /*
1638  * Append output redirection for file "fname" to the end of string buffer
1639  * "buf[buflen]"
1640  * Works with the 'shellredir' and 'shellpipe' options.
1641  * The caller should make sure that there is enough room:
1642  *	STRLEN(opt) + STRLEN(fname) + 3
1643  */
1644     void
1645 append_redir(
1646     char_u	*buf,
1647     int		buflen,
1648     char_u	*opt,
1649     char_u	*fname)
1650 {
1651     char_u	*p;
1652     char_u	*end;
1653 
1654     end = buf + STRLEN(buf);
1655     // find "%s"
1656     for (p = opt; (p = vim_strchr(p, '%')) != NULL; ++p)
1657     {
1658 	if (p[1] == 's') // found %s
1659 	    break;
1660 	if (p[1] == '%') // skip %%
1661 	    ++p;
1662     }
1663     if (p != NULL)
1664     {
1665 #ifdef MSWIN
1666 	*end++ = ' '; // not really needed? Not with sh, ksh or bash
1667 #endif
1668 	vim_snprintf((char *)end, (size_t)(buflen - (end - buf)),
1669 						  (char *)opt, (char *)fname);
1670     }
1671     else
1672 	vim_snprintf((char *)end, (size_t)(buflen - (end - buf)),
1673 #ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
1674 		" %s %s",
1675 #else
1676 		" %s%s",	// " > %s" causes problems on Amiga
1677 #endif
1678 		(char *)opt, (char *)fname);
1679 }
1680 
1681 /*
1682  * Return the current time in seconds.  Calls time(), unless test_settime()
1683  * was used.
1684  */
1685     time_T
1686 vim_time(void)
1687 {
1688 # ifdef FEAT_EVAL
1689     return time_for_testing == 0 ? time(NULL) : time_for_testing;
1690 # else
1691     return time(NULL);
1692 # endif
1693 }
1694 
1695 /*
1696  * Implementation of ":fixdel", also used by get_stty().
1697  *  <BS>    resulting <Del>
1698  *   ^?		^H
1699  * not ^?	^?
1700  */
1701     void
1702 do_fixdel(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
1703 {
1704     char_u  *p;
1705 
1706     p = find_termcode((char_u *)"kb");
1707     add_termcode((char_u *)"kD", p != NULL
1708 	    && *p == DEL ? (char_u *)CTRL_H_STR : DEL_STR, FALSE);
1709 }
1710 
1711     void
1712 print_line_no_prefix(
1713     linenr_T	lnum,
1714     int		use_number,
1715     int		list)
1716 {
1717     char	numbuf[30];
1718 
1719     if (curwin->w_p_nu || use_number)
1720     {
1721 	vim_snprintf(numbuf, sizeof(numbuf),
1722 				   "%*ld ", number_width(curwin), (long)lnum);
1723 	msg_puts_attr(numbuf, HL_ATTR(HLF_N));	// Highlight line nrs
1724     }
1725     msg_prt_line(ml_get(lnum), list);
1726 }
1727 
1728 /*
1729  * Print a text line.  Also in silent mode ("ex -s").
1730  */
1731     void
1732 print_line(linenr_T lnum, int use_number, int list)
1733 {
1734     int		save_silent = silent_mode;
1735 
1736     // apply :filter /pat/
1737     if (message_filtered(ml_get(lnum)))
1738 	return;
1739 
1740     msg_start();
1741     silent_mode = FALSE;
1742     info_message = TRUE;	// use mch_msg(), not mch_errmsg()
1743     print_line_no_prefix(lnum, use_number, list);
1744     if (save_silent)
1745     {
1746 	msg_putchar('\n');
1747 	cursor_on();		// msg_start() switches it off
1748 	out_flush();
1749 	silent_mode = save_silent;
1750     }
1751     info_message = FALSE;
1752 }
1753 
1754     int
1755 rename_buffer(char_u *new_fname)
1756 {
1757     char_u	*fname, *sfname, *xfname;
1758     buf_T	*buf;
1759 
1760     buf = curbuf;
1761     apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
1762     // buffer changed, don't change name now
1763     if (buf != curbuf)
1764 	return FAIL;
1765 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
1766     if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
1767 	return FAIL;
1768 #endif
1769     /*
1770      * The name of the current buffer will be changed.
1771      * A new (unlisted) buffer entry needs to be made to hold the old file
1772      * name, which will become the alternate file name.
1773      * But don't set the alternate file name if the buffer didn't have a
1774      * name.
1775      */
1776     fname = curbuf->b_ffname;
1777     sfname = curbuf->b_sfname;
1778     xfname = curbuf->b_fname;
1779     curbuf->b_ffname = NULL;
1780     curbuf->b_sfname = NULL;
1781     if (setfname(curbuf, new_fname, NULL, TRUE) == FAIL)
1782     {
1783 	curbuf->b_ffname = fname;
1784 	curbuf->b_sfname = sfname;
1785 	return FAIL;
1786     }
1787     curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NOTEDITED;
1788     if (xfname != NULL && *xfname != NUL)
1789     {
1790 	buf = buflist_new(fname, xfname, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, 0);
1791 	if (buf != NULL && !cmdmod.keepalt)
1792 	    curwin->w_alt_fnum = buf->b_fnum;
1793     }
1794     vim_free(fname);
1795     vim_free(sfname);
1796     apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
1797 
1798     // Change directories when the 'acd' option is set.
1799     DO_AUTOCHDIR;
1800     return OK;
1801 }
1802 
1803 /*
1804  * ":file[!] [fname]".
1805  */
1806     void
1807 ex_file(exarg_T *eap)
1808 {
1809     // ":0file" removes the file name.  Check for illegal uses ":3file",
1810     // "0file name", etc.
1811     if (eap->addr_count > 0
1812 	    && (*eap->arg != NUL
1813 		|| eap->line2 > 0
1814 		|| eap->addr_count > 1))
1815     {
1816 	emsg(_(e_invarg));
1817 	return;
1818     }
1819 
1820     if (*eap->arg != NUL || eap->addr_count == 1)
1821     {
1822 	if (rename_buffer(eap->arg) == FAIL)
1823 	    return;
1824 	redraw_tabline = TRUE;
1825     }
1826 
1827     // print file name if no argument or 'F' is not in 'shortmess'
1828     if (*eap->arg == NUL || !shortmess(SHM_FILEINFO))
1829 	fileinfo(FALSE, FALSE, eap->forceit);
1830 }
1831 
1832 /*
1833  * ":update".
1834  */
1835     void
1836 ex_update(exarg_T *eap)
1837 {
1838     if (curbufIsChanged())
1839 	(void)do_write(eap);
1840 }
1841 
1842 /*
1843  * ":write" and ":saveas".
1844  */
1845     void
1846 ex_write(exarg_T *eap)
1847 {
1848     if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
1849     {
1850 	// :saveas does not take a range, uses all lines.
1851 	eap->line1 = 1;
1852 	eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
1853     }
1854 
1855     if (eap->usefilter)		// input lines to shell command
1856 	do_bang(1, eap, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
1857     else
1858 	(void)do_write(eap);
1859 }
1860 
1861 /*
1862  * write current buffer to file 'eap->arg'
1863  * if 'eap->append' is TRUE, append to the file
1864  *
1865  * if *eap->arg == NUL write to current file
1866  *
1867  * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
1868  */
1869     int
1870 do_write(exarg_T *eap)
1871 {
1872     int		other;
1873     char_u	*fname = NULL;		// init to shut up gcc
1874     char_u	*ffname;
1875     int		retval = FAIL;
1876     char_u	*free_fname = NULL;
1877 #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
1878     char_u	*browse_file = NULL;
1879 #endif
1880     buf_T	*alt_buf = NULL;
1881     int		name_was_missing;
1882 
1883     if (not_writing())		// check 'write' option
1884 	return FAIL;
1885 
1886     ffname = eap->arg;
1887 #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
1888     if (cmdmod.browse && !exiting)
1889     {
1890 	browse_file = do_browse(BROWSE_SAVE, (char_u *)_("Save As"), ffname,
1891 						    NULL, NULL, NULL, curbuf);
1892 	if (browse_file == NULL)
1893 	    goto theend;
1894 	ffname = browse_file;
1895     }
1896 #endif
1897     if (*ffname == NUL)
1898     {
1899 	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
1900 	{
1901 	    emsg(_(e_argreq));
1902 	    goto theend;
1903 	}
1904 	other = FALSE;
1905     }
1906     else
1907     {
1908 	fname = ffname;
1909 	free_fname = fix_fname(ffname);
1910 	/*
1911 	 * When out-of-memory, keep unexpanded file name, because we MUST be
1912 	 * able to write the file in this situation.
1913 	 */
1914 	if (free_fname != NULL)
1915 	    ffname = free_fname;
1916 	other = otherfile(ffname);
1917     }
1918 
1919     /*
1920      * If we have a new file, put its name in the list of alternate file names.
1921      */
1922     if (other)
1923     {
1924 	if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_ALTWRITE) != NULL
1925 						 || eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
1926 	    alt_buf = setaltfname(ffname, fname, (linenr_T)1);
1927 	else
1928 	    alt_buf = buflist_findname(ffname);
1929 	if (alt_buf != NULL && alt_buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL)
1930 	{
1931 	    // Overwriting a file that is loaded in another buffer is not a
1932 	    // good idea.
1933 	    emsg(_(e_bufloaded));
1934 	    goto theend;
1935 	}
1936     }
1937 
1938     /*
1939      * Writing to the current file is not allowed in readonly mode
1940      * and a file name is required.
1941      * "nofile" and "nowrite" buffers cannot be written implicitly either.
1942      */
1943     if (!other && (
1944 #ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
1945 		bt_dontwrite_msg(curbuf) ||
1946 #endif
1947 		check_fname() == FAIL || check_readonly(&eap->forceit, curbuf)))
1948 	goto theend;
1949 
1950     if (!other)
1951     {
1952 	ffname = curbuf->b_ffname;
1953 	fname = curbuf->b_fname;
1954 	/*
1955 	 * Not writing the whole file is only allowed with '!'.
1956 	 */
1957 	if (	   (eap->line1 != 1
1958 		    || eap->line2 != curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
1959 		&& !eap->forceit
1960 		&& !eap->append
1961 		&& !p_wa)
1962 	{
1963 #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
1964 	    if (p_confirm || cmdmod.confirm)
1965 	    {
1966 		if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL,
1967 			       (char_u *)_("Write partial file?"), 2) != VIM_YES)
1968 		    goto theend;
1969 		eap->forceit = TRUE;
1970 	    }
1971 	    else
1972 #endif
1973 	    {
1974 		emsg(_("E140: Use ! to write partial buffer"));
1975 		goto theend;
1976 	    }
1977 	}
1978     }
1979 
1980     if (check_overwrite(eap, curbuf, fname, ffname, other) == OK)
1981     {
1982 	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas && alt_buf != NULL)
1983 	{
1984 	    buf_T	*was_curbuf = curbuf;
1985 
1986 	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
1987 	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPRE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, alt_buf);
1988 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
1989 	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf || aborting())
1990 #else
1991 	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf)
1992 #endif
1993 	    {
1994 		// buffer changed, don't change name now
1995 		retval = FAIL;
1996 		goto theend;
1997 	    }
1998 	    // Exchange the file names for the current and the alternate
1999 	    // buffer.  This makes it look like we are now editing the buffer
2000 	    // under the new name.  Must be done before buf_write(), because
2001 	    // if there is no file name and 'cpo' contains 'F', it will set
2002 	    // the file name.
2003 	    fname = alt_buf->b_fname;
2004 	    alt_buf->b_fname = curbuf->b_fname;
2005 	    curbuf->b_fname = fname;
2006 	    fname = alt_buf->b_ffname;
2007 	    alt_buf->b_ffname = curbuf->b_ffname;
2008 	    curbuf->b_ffname = fname;
2009 	    fname = alt_buf->b_sfname;
2010 	    alt_buf->b_sfname = curbuf->b_sfname;
2011 	    curbuf->b_sfname = fname;
2012 	    buf_name_changed(curbuf);
2013 
2014 	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
2015 	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFFILEPOST, NULL, NULL, FALSE, alt_buf);
2016 	    if (!alt_buf->b_p_bl)
2017 	    {
2018 		alt_buf->b_p_bl = TRUE;
2019 		apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFADD, NULL, NULL, FALSE, alt_buf);
2020 	    }
2021 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
2022 	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf || aborting())
2023 #else
2024 	    if (curbuf != was_curbuf)
2025 #endif
2026 	    {
2027 		// buffer changed, don't write the file
2028 		retval = FAIL;
2029 		goto theend;
2030 	    }
2031 
2032 	    // If 'filetype' was empty try detecting it now.
2033 	    if (*curbuf->b_p_ft == NUL)
2034 	    {
2035 		if (au_has_group((char_u *)"filetypedetect"))
2036 		    (void)do_doautocmd((char_u *)"filetypedetect BufRead",
2037 								  TRUE, NULL);
2038 		do_modelines(0);
2039 	    }
2040 
2041 	    // Autocommands may have changed buffer names, esp. when
2042 	    // 'autochdir' is set.
2043 	    fname = curbuf->b_sfname;
2044 	}
2045 
2046 	name_was_missing = curbuf->b_ffname == NULL;
2047 
2048 	retval = buf_write(curbuf, ffname, fname, eap->line1, eap->line2,
2049 				 eap, eap->append, eap->forceit, TRUE, FALSE);
2050 
2051 	// After ":saveas fname" reset 'readonly'.
2052 	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas)
2053 	{
2054 	    if (retval == OK)
2055 	    {
2056 		curbuf->b_p_ro = FALSE;
2057 		redraw_tabline = TRUE;
2058 	    }
2059 	}
2060 
2061 	// Change directories when the 'acd' option is set and the file name
2062 	// got changed or set.
2063 	if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_saveas || name_was_missing)
2064 	    DO_AUTOCHDIR;
2065     }
2066 
2067 theend:
2068 #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
2069     vim_free(browse_file);
2070 #endif
2071     vim_free(free_fname);
2072     return retval;
2073 }
2074 
2075 /*
2076  * Check if it is allowed to overwrite a file.  If b_flags has BF_NOTEDITED,
2077  * BF_NEW or BF_READERR, check for overwriting current file.
2078  * May set eap->forceit if a dialog says it's OK to overwrite.
2079  * Return OK if it's OK, FAIL if it is not.
2080  */
2081     int
2082 check_overwrite(
2083     exarg_T	*eap,
2084     buf_T	*buf,
2085     char_u	*fname,	    // file name to be used (can differ from
2086 			    // buf->ffname)
2087     char_u	*ffname,    // full path version of fname
2088     int		other)	    // writing under other name
2089 {
2090     /*
2091      * write to other file or b_flags set or not writing the whole file:
2092      * overwriting only allowed with '!'
2093      */
2094     if (       (other
2095 		|| (buf->b_flags & BF_NOTEDITED)
2096 		|| ((buf->b_flags & BF_NEW)
2097 		    && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_OVERNEW) == NULL)
2098 		|| (buf->b_flags & BF_READERR))
2099 	    && !p_wa
2100 #ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
2101 	    && !bt_nofilename(buf)
2102 #endif
2103 	    && vim_fexists(ffname))
2104     {
2105 	if (!eap->forceit && !eap->append)
2106 	{
2107 #ifdef UNIX
2108 	    // with UNIX it is possible to open a directory
2109 	    if (mch_isdir(ffname))
2110 	    {
2111 		semsg(_(e_isadir2), ffname);
2112 		return FAIL;
2113 	    }
2114 #endif
2115 #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
2116 	    if (p_confirm || cmdmod.confirm)
2117 	    {
2118 		char_u	buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE];
2119 
2120 		dialog_msg(buff, _("Overwrite existing file \"%s\"?"), fname);
2121 		if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL, buff, 2) != VIM_YES)
2122 		    return FAIL;
2123 		eap->forceit = TRUE;
2124 	    }
2125 	    else
2126 #endif
2127 	    {
2128 		emsg(_(e_exists));
2129 		return FAIL;
2130 	    }
2131 	}
2132 
2133 	// For ":w! filename" check that no swap file exists for "filename".
2134 	if (other && !emsg_silent)
2135 	{
2136 	    char_u	*dir;
2137 	    char_u	*p;
2138 	    int		r;
2139 	    char_u	*swapname;
2140 
2141 	    // We only try the first entry in 'directory', without checking if
2142 	    // it's writable.  If the "." directory is not writable the write
2143 	    // will probably fail anyway.
2144 	    // Use 'shortname' of the current buffer, since there is no buffer
2145 	    // for the written file.
2146 	    if (*p_dir == NUL)
2147 	    {
2148 		dir = alloc(5);
2149 		if (dir == NULL)
2150 		    return FAIL;
2151 		STRCPY(dir, ".");
2152 	    }
2153 	    else
2154 	    {
2155 		dir = alloc(MAXPATHL);
2156 		if (dir == NULL)
2157 		    return FAIL;
2158 		p = p_dir;
2159 		copy_option_part(&p, dir, MAXPATHL, ",");
2160 	    }
2161 	    swapname = makeswapname(fname, ffname, curbuf, dir);
2162 	    vim_free(dir);
2163 	    r = vim_fexists(swapname);
2164 	    if (r)
2165 	    {
2166 #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
2167 		if (p_confirm || cmdmod.confirm)
2168 		{
2169 		    char_u	buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE];
2170 
2171 		    dialog_msg(buff,
2172 			    _("Swap file \"%s\" exists, overwrite anyway?"),
2173 								    swapname);
2174 		    if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL, buff, 2)
2175 								   != VIM_YES)
2176 		    {
2177 			vim_free(swapname);
2178 			return FAIL;
2179 		    }
2180 		    eap->forceit = TRUE;
2181 		}
2182 		else
2183 #endif
2184 		{
2185 		    semsg(_("E768: Swap file exists: %s (:silent! overrides)"),
2186 								    swapname);
2187 		    vim_free(swapname);
2188 		    return FAIL;
2189 		}
2190 	    }
2191 	    vim_free(swapname);
2192 	}
2193     }
2194     return OK;
2195 }
2196 
2197 /*
2198  * Handle ":wnext", ":wNext" and ":wprevious" commands.
2199  */
2200     void
2201 ex_wnext(exarg_T *eap)
2202 {
2203     int		i;
2204 
2205     if (eap->cmd[1] == 'n')
2206 	i = curwin->w_arg_idx + (int)eap->line2;
2207     else
2208 	i = curwin->w_arg_idx - (int)eap->line2;
2209     eap->line1 = 1;
2210     eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
2211     if (do_write(eap) != FAIL)
2212 	do_argfile(eap, i);
2213 }
2214 
2215 /*
2216  * ":wall", ":wqall" and ":xall": Write all changed files (and exit).
2217  */
2218     void
2219 do_wqall(exarg_T *eap)
2220 {
2221     buf_T	*buf;
2222     int		error = 0;
2223     int		save_forceit = eap->forceit;
2224 
2225     if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_xall || eap->cmdidx == CMD_wqall)
2226 	exiting = TRUE;
2227 
2228     FOR_ALL_BUFFERS(buf)
2229     {
2230 #ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
2231 	if (exiting && term_job_running(buf->b_term))
2232 	{
2233 	    no_write_message_nobang(buf);
2234 	    ++error;
2235 	}
2236 	else
2237 #endif
2238 	if (bufIsChanged(buf) && !bt_dontwrite(buf))
2239 	{
2240 	    /*
2241 	     * Check if there is a reason the buffer cannot be written:
2242 	     * 1. if the 'write' option is set
2243 	     * 2. if there is no file name (even after browsing)
2244 	     * 3. if the 'readonly' is set (even after a dialog)
2245 	     * 4. if overwriting is allowed (even after a dialog)
2246 	     */
2247 	    if (not_writing())
2248 	    {
2249 		++error;
2250 		break;
2251 	    }
2252 #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
2253 	    // ":browse wall": ask for file name if there isn't one
2254 	    if (buf->b_ffname == NULL && cmdmod.browse)
2255 		browse_save_fname(buf);
2256 #endif
2257 	    if (buf->b_ffname == NULL)
2258 	    {
2259 		semsg(_("E141: No file name for buffer %ld"), (long)buf->b_fnum);
2260 		++error;
2261 	    }
2262 	    else if (check_readonly(&eap->forceit, buf)
2263 		    || check_overwrite(eap, buf, buf->b_fname, buf->b_ffname,
2264 							       FALSE) == FAIL)
2265 	    {
2266 		++error;
2267 	    }
2268 	    else
2269 	    {
2270 		bufref_T bufref;
2271 
2272 		set_bufref(&bufref, buf);
2273 		if (buf_write_all(buf, eap->forceit) == FAIL)
2274 		    ++error;
2275 		// an autocommand may have deleted the buffer
2276 		if (!bufref_valid(&bufref))
2277 		    buf = firstbuf;
2278 	    }
2279 	    eap->forceit = save_forceit;    // check_overwrite() may set it
2280 	}
2281     }
2282     if (exiting)
2283     {
2284 	if (!error)
2285 	    getout(0);		// exit Vim
2286 	not_exiting();
2287     }
2288 }
2289 
2290 /*
2291  * Check the 'write' option.
2292  * Return TRUE and give a message when it's not set.
2293  */
2294     static int
2295 not_writing(void)
2296 {
2297     if (p_write)
2298 	return FALSE;
2299     emsg(_("E142: File not written: Writing is disabled by 'write' option"));
2300     return TRUE;
2301 }
2302 
2303 /*
2304  * Check if a buffer is read-only (either 'readonly' option is set or file is
2305  * read-only). Ask for overruling in a dialog. Return TRUE and give an error
2306  * message when the buffer is readonly.
2307  */
2308     static int
2309 check_readonly(int *forceit, buf_T *buf)
2310 {
2311     stat_T	st;
2312 
2313     // Handle a file being readonly when the 'readonly' option is set or when
2314     // the file exists and permissions are read-only.
2315     // We will send 0777 to check_file_readonly(), as the "perm" variable is
2316     // important for device checks but not here.
2317     if (!*forceit && (buf->b_p_ro
2318 		|| (mch_stat((char *)buf->b_ffname, &st) >= 0
2319 		    && check_file_readonly(buf->b_ffname, 0777))))
2320     {
2321 #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
2322 	if ((p_confirm || cmdmod.confirm) && buf->b_fname != NULL)
2323 	{
2324 	    char_u	buff[DIALOG_MSG_SIZE];
2325 
2326 	    if (buf->b_p_ro)
2327 		dialog_msg(buff, _("'readonly' option is set for \"%s\".\nDo you wish to write anyway?"),
2328 		    buf->b_fname);
2329 	    else
2330 		dialog_msg(buff, _("File permissions of \"%s\" are read-only.\nIt may still be possible to write it.\nDo you wish to try?"),
2331 		    buf->b_fname);
2332 
2333 	    if (vim_dialog_yesno(VIM_QUESTION, NULL, buff, 2) == VIM_YES)
2334 	    {
2335 		// Set forceit, to force the writing of a readonly file
2336 		*forceit = TRUE;
2337 		return FALSE;
2338 	    }
2339 	    else
2340 		return TRUE;
2341 	}
2342 	else
2343 #endif
2344 	if (buf->b_p_ro)
2345 	    emsg(_(e_readonly));
2346 	else
2347 	    semsg(_("E505: \"%s\" is read-only (add ! to override)"),
2348 		    buf->b_fname);
2349 	return TRUE;
2350     }
2351 
2352     return FALSE;
2353 }
2354 
2355 /*
2356  * Try to abandon the current file and edit a new or existing file.
2357  * "fnum" is the number of the file, if zero use "ffname_arg"/"sfname_arg".
2358  * "lnum" is the line number for the cursor in the new file (if non-zero).
2359  *
2360  * Return:
2361  * GETFILE_ERROR for "normal" error,
2362  * GETFILE_NOT_WRITTEN for "not written" error,
2363  * GETFILE_SAME_FILE for success
2364  * GETFILE_OPEN_OTHER for successfully opening another file.
2365  */
2366     int
2367 getfile(
2368     int		fnum,
2369     char_u	*ffname_arg,
2370     char_u	*sfname_arg,
2371     int		setpm,
2372     linenr_T	lnum,
2373     int		forceit)
2374 {
2375     char_u	*ffname = ffname_arg;
2376     char_u	*sfname = sfname_arg;
2377     int		other;
2378     int		retval;
2379     char_u	*free_me = NULL;
2380 
2381     if (text_locked())
2382 	return GETFILE_ERROR;
2383     if (curbuf_locked())
2384 	return GETFILE_ERROR;
2385 
2386     if (fnum == 0)
2387     {
2388 					// make ffname full path, set sfname
2389 	fname_expand(curbuf, &ffname, &sfname);
2390 	other = otherfile(ffname);
2391 	free_me = ffname;		// has been allocated, free() later
2392     }
2393     else
2394 	other = (fnum != curbuf->b_fnum);
2395 
2396     if (other)
2397 	++no_wait_return;	    // don't wait for autowrite message
2398     if (other && !forceit && curbuf->b_nwindows == 1 && !buf_hide(curbuf)
2399 		   && curbufIsChanged() && autowrite(curbuf, forceit) == FAIL)
2400     {
2401 #if defined(FEAT_GUI_DIALOG) || defined(FEAT_CON_DIALOG)
2402 	if (p_confirm && p_write)
2403 	    dialog_changed(curbuf, FALSE);
2404 	if (curbufIsChanged())
2405 #endif
2406 	{
2407 	    if (other)
2408 		--no_wait_return;
2409 	    no_write_message();
2410 	    retval = GETFILE_NOT_WRITTEN;	// file has been changed
2411 	    goto theend;
2412 	}
2413     }
2414     if (other)
2415 	--no_wait_return;
2416     if (setpm)
2417 	setpcmark();
2418     if (!other)
2419     {
2420 	if (lnum != 0)
2421 	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
2422 	check_cursor_lnum();
2423 	beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
2424 	retval = GETFILE_SAME_FILE;	// it's in the same file
2425     }
2426     else if (do_ecmd(fnum, ffname, sfname, NULL, lnum,
2427 	     (buf_hide(curbuf) ? ECMD_HIDE : 0) + (forceit ? ECMD_FORCEIT : 0),
2428 		curwin) == OK)
2429 	retval = GETFILE_OPEN_OTHER;	// opened another file
2430     else
2431 	retval = GETFILE_ERROR;		// error encountered
2432 
2433 theend:
2434     vim_free(free_me);
2435     return retval;
2436 }
2437 
2438 /*
2439  * start editing a new file
2440  *
2441  *     fnum: file number; if zero use ffname/sfname
2442  *   ffname: the file name
2443  *		- full path if sfname used,
2444  *		- any file name if sfname is NULL
2445  *		- empty string to re-edit with the same file name (but may be
2446  *		    in a different directory)
2447  *		- NULL to start an empty buffer
2448  *   sfname: the short file name (or NULL)
2449  *	eap: contains the command to be executed after loading the file and
2450  *	     forced 'ff' and 'fenc'
2451  *  newlnum: if > 0: put cursor on this line number (if possible)
2452  *	     if ECMD_LASTL: use last position in loaded file
2453  *	     if ECMD_LAST: use last position in all files
2454  *	     if ECMD_ONE: use first line
2455  *    flags:
2456  *	   ECMD_HIDE: if TRUE don't free the current buffer
2457  *     ECMD_SET_HELP: set b_help flag of (new) buffer before opening file
2458  *	 ECMD_OLDBUF: use existing buffer if it exists
2459  *	ECMD_FORCEIT: ! used for Ex command
2460  *	 ECMD_ADDBUF: don't edit, just add to buffer list
2461  *   oldwin: Should be "curwin" when editing a new buffer in the current
2462  *	     window, NULL when splitting the window first.  When not NULL info
2463  *	     of the previous buffer for "oldwin" is stored.
2464  *
2465  * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
2466  */
2467     int
2468 do_ecmd(
2469     int		fnum,
2470     char_u	*ffname,
2471     char_u	*sfname,
2472     exarg_T	*eap,			// can be NULL!
2473     linenr_T	newlnum,
2474     int		flags,
2475     win_T	*oldwin)
2476 {
2477     int		other_file;		// TRUE if editing another file
2478     int		oldbuf;			// TRUE if using existing buffer
2479     int		auto_buf = FALSE;	// TRUE if autocommands brought us
2480 					// into the buffer unexpectedly
2481     char_u	*new_name = NULL;
2482 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
2483     int		did_set_swapcommand = FALSE;
2484 #endif
2485     buf_T	*buf;
2486     bufref_T	bufref;
2487     bufref_T	old_curbuf;
2488     char_u	*free_fname = NULL;
2489 #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
2490     char_u	*browse_file = NULL;
2491 #endif
2492     int		retval = FAIL;
2493     long	n;
2494     pos_T	orig_pos;
2495     linenr_T	topline = 0;
2496     int		newcol = -1;
2497     int		solcol = -1;
2498     pos_T	*pos;
2499     char_u	*command = NULL;
2500 #ifdef FEAT_SPELL
2501     int		did_get_winopts = FALSE;
2502 #endif
2503     int		readfile_flags = 0;
2504     int		did_inc_redrawing_disabled = FALSE;
2505     long        *so_ptr = curwin->w_p_so >= 0 ? &curwin->w_p_so : &p_so;
2506 
2507     if (eap != NULL)
2508 	command = eap->do_ecmd_cmd;
2509     set_bufref(&old_curbuf, curbuf);
2510 
2511     if (fnum != 0)
2512     {
2513 	if (fnum == curbuf->b_fnum)	// file is already being edited
2514 	    return OK;			// nothing to do
2515 	other_file = TRUE;
2516     }
2517     else
2518     {
2519 #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
2520 	if (cmdmod.browse && !exiting)
2521 	{
2522 	    if (
2523 # ifdef FEAT_GUI
2524 		!gui.in_use &&
2525 # endif
2526 		    au_has_group((char_u *)"FileExplorer"))
2527 	    {
2528 		// No browsing supported but we do have the file explorer:
2529 		// Edit the directory.
2530 		if (ffname == NULL || !mch_isdir(ffname))
2531 		    ffname = (char_u *)".";
2532 	    }
2533 	    else
2534 	    {
2535 		browse_file = do_browse(0, (char_u *)_("Edit File"), ffname,
2536 						    NULL, NULL, NULL, curbuf);
2537 		if (browse_file == NULL)
2538 		    goto theend;
2539 		ffname = browse_file;
2540 	    }
2541 	}
2542 #endif
2543 	// if no short name given, use ffname for short name
2544 	if (sfname == NULL)
2545 	    sfname = ffname;
2546 #ifdef USE_FNAME_CASE
2547 	if (sfname != NULL)
2548 	    fname_case(sfname, 0);   // set correct case for sfname
2549 #endif
2550 
2551 	if ((flags & ECMD_ADDBUF) && (ffname == NULL || *ffname == NUL))
2552 	    goto theend;
2553 
2554 	if (ffname == NULL)
2555 	    other_file = TRUE;
2556 					    // there is no file name
2557 	else if (*ffname == NUL && curbuf->b_ffname == NULL)
2558 	    other_file = FALSE;
2559 	else
2560 	{
2561 	    if (*ffname == NUL)		    // re-edit with same file name
2562 	    {
2563 		ffname = curbuf->b_ffname;
2564 		sfname = curbuf->b_fname;
2565 	    }
2566 	    free_fname = fix_fname(ffname); // may expand to full path name
2567 	    if (free_fname != NULL)
2568 		ffname = free_fname;
2569 	    other_file = otherfile(ffname);
2570 	}
2571     }
2572 
2573     /*
2574      * if the file was changed we may not be allowed to abandon it
2575      * - if we are going to re-edit the same file
2576      * - or if we are the only window on this file and if ECMD_HIDE is FALSE
2577      */
2578     if (  ((!other_file && !(flags & ECMD_OLDBUF))
2579 	    || (curbuf->b_nwindows == 1
2580 		&& !(flags & (ECMD_HIDE | ECMD_ADDBUF))))
2581 	&& check_changed(curbuf, (p_awa ? CCGD_AW : 0)
2582 			       | (other_file ? 0 : CCGD_MULTWIN)
2583 			       | ((flags & ECMD_FORCEIT) ? CCGD_FORCEIT : 0)
2584 			       | (eap == NULL ? 0 : CCGD_EXCMD)))
2585     {
2586 	if (fnum == 0 && other_file && ffname != NULL)
2587 	    (void)setaltfname(ffname, sfname, newlnum < 0 ? 0 : newlnum);
2588 	goto theend;
2589     }
2590 
2591     /*
2592      * End Visual mode before switching to another buffer, so the text can be
2593      * copied into the GUI selection buffer.
2594      */
2595     reset_VIsual();
2596 
2597 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
2598     if ((command != NULL || newlnum > (linenr_T)0)
2599 	    && *get_vim_var_str(VV_SWAPCOMMAND) == NUL)
2600     {
2601 	int	len;
2602 	char_u	*p;
2603 
2604 	// Set v:swapcommand for the SwapExists autocommands.
2605 	if (command != NULL)
2606 	    len = (int)STRLEN(command) + 3;
2607 	else
2608 	    len = 30;
2609 	p = alloc(len);
2610 	if (p != NULL)
2611 	{
2612 	    if (command != NULL)
2613 		vim_snprintf((char *)p, len, ":%s\r", command);
2614 	    else
2615 		vim_snprintf((char *)p, len, "%ldG", (long)newlnum);
2616 	    set_vim_var_string(VV_SWAPCOMMAND, p, -1);
2617 	    did_set_swapcommand = TRUE;
2618 	    vim_free(p);
2619 	}
2620     }
2621 #endif
2622 
2623     /*
2624      * If we are starting to edit another file, open a (new) buffer.
2625      * Otherwise we re-use the current buffer.
2626      */
2627     if (other_file)
2628     {
2629 	if (!(flags & ECMD_ADDBUF))
2630 	{
2631 	    if (!cmdmod.keepalt)
2632 		curwin->w_alt_fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
2633 	    if (oldwin != NULL)
2634 		buflist_altfpos(oldwin);
2635 	}
2636 
2637 	if (fnum)
2638 	    buf = buflist_findnr(fnum);
2639 	else
2640 	{
2641 	    if (flags & ECMD_ADDBUF)
2642 	    {
2643 		linenr_T	tlnum = 1L;
2644 
2645 		if (command != NULL)
2646 		{
2647 		    tlnum = atol((char *)command);
2648 		    if (tlnum <= 0)
2649 			tlnum = 1L;
2650 		}
2651 		(void)buflist_new(ffname, sfname, tlnum, BLN_LISTED);
2652 		goto theend;
2653 	    }
2654 	    buf = buflist_new(ffname, sfname, 0L,
2655 		    BLN_CURBUF | ((flags & ECMD_SET_HELP) ? 0 : BLN_LISTED));
2656 
2657 	    // autocommands may change curwin and curbuf
2658 	    if (oldwin != NULL)
2659 		oldwin = curwin;
2660 	    set_bufref(&old_curbuf, curbuf);
2661 	}
2662 	if (buf == NULL)
2663 	    goto theend;
2664 	if (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)		// no memfile yet
2665 	{
2666 	    oldbuf = FALSE;
2667 	}
2668 	else					// existing memfile
2669 	{
2670 	    oldbuf = TRUE;
2671 	    set_bufref(&bufref, buf);
2672 	    (void)buf_check_timestamp(buf, FALSE);
2673 	    // Check if autocommands made the buffer invalid or changed the
2674 	    // current buffer.
2675 	    if (!bufref_valid(&bufref) || curbuf != old_curbuf.br_buf)
2676 		goto theend;
2677 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
2678 	    if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
2679 		goto theend;
2680 #endif
2681 	}
2682 
2683 	// May jump to last used line number for a loaded buffer or when asked
2684 	// for explicitly
2685 	if ((oldbuf && newlnum == ECMD_LASTL) || newlnum == ECMD_LAST)
2686 	{
2687 	    pos = buflist_findfpos(buf);
2688 	    newlnum = pos->lnum;
2689 	    solcol = pos->col;
2690 	}
2691 
2692 	/*
2693 	 * Make the (new) buffer the one used by the current window.
2694 	 * If the old buffer becomes unused, free it if ECMD_HIDE is FALSE.
2695 	 * If the current buffer was empty and has no file name, curbuf
2696 	 * is returned by buflist_new(), nothing to do here.
2697 	 */
2698 	if (buf != curbuf)
2699 	{
2700 	    /*
2701 	     * Be careful: The autocommands may delete any buffer and change
2702 	     * the current buffer.
2703 	     * - If the buffer we are going to edit is deleted, give up.
2704 	     * - If the current buffer is deleted, prefer to load the new
2705 	     *   buffer when loading a buffer is required.  This avoids
2706 	     *   loading another buffer which then must be closed again.
2707 	     * - If we ended up in the new buffer already, need to skip a few
2708 	     *	 things, set auto_buf.
2709 	     */
2710 	    if (buf->b_fname != NULL)
2711 		new_name = vim_strsave(buf->b_fname);
2712 	    set_bufref(&au_new_curbuf, buf);
2713 	    apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFLEAVE, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
2714 	    if (!bufref_valid(&au_new_curbuf))
2715 	    {
2716 		// new buffer has been deleted
2717 		delbuf_msg(new_name);	// frees new_name
2718 		goto theend;
2719 	    }
2720 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
2721 	    if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
2722 	    {
2723 		vim_free(new_name);
2724 		goto theend;
2725 	    }
2726 #endif
2727 	    if (buf == curbuf)		// already in new buffer
2728 		auto_buf = TRUE;
2729 	    else
2730 	    {
2731 		win_T	    *the_curwin = curwin;
2732 
2733 		// Set the w_closing flag to avoid that autocommands close the
2734 		// window.  And set b_locked for the same reason.
2735 		the_curwin->w_closing = TRUE;
2736 		++buf->b_locked;
2737 
2738 		if (curbuf == old_curbuf.br_buf)
2739 		    buf_copy_options(buf, BCO_ENTER);
2740 
2741 		// Close the link to the current buffer. This will set
2742 		// oldwin->w_buffer to NULL.
2743 		u_sync(FALSE);
2744 		close_buffer(oldwin, curbuf,
2745 			 (flags & ECMD_HIDE) ? 0 : DOBUF_UNLOAD, FALSE, FALSE);
2746 
2747 		the_curwin->w_closing = FALSE;
2748 		--buf->b_locked;
2749 
2750 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
2751 		// autocmds may abort script processing
2752 		if (aborting() && curwin->w_buffer != NULL)
2753 		{
2754 		    vim_free(new_name);
2755 		    goto theend;
2756 		}
2757 #endif
2758 		// Be careful again, like above.
2759 		if (!bufref_valid(&au_new_curbuf))
2760 		{
2761 		    // new buffer has been deleted
2762 		    delbuf_msg(new_name);	// frees new_name
2763 		    goto theend;
2764 		}
2765 		if (buf == curbuf)		// already in new buffer
2766 		    auto_buf = TRUE;
2767 		else
2768 		{
2769 #ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
2770 		    /*
2771 		     * <VN> We could instead free the synblock
2772 		     * and re-attach to buffer, perhaps.
2773 		     */
2774 		    if (curwin->w_buffer == NULL
2775 			    || curwin->w_s == &(curwin->w_buffer->b_s))
2776 			curwin->w_s = &(buf->b_s);
2777 #endif
2778 		    curwin->w_buffer = buf;
2779 		    curbuf = buf;
2780 		    ++curbuf->b_nwindows;
2781 
2782 		    // Set 'fileformat', 'binary' and 'fenc' when forced.
2783 		    if (!oldbuf && eap != NULL)
2784 		    {
2785 			set_file_options(TRUE, eap);
2786 			set_forced_fenc(eap);
2787 		    }
2788 		}
2789 
2790 		// May get the window options from the last time this buffer
2791 		// was in this window (or another window).  If not used
2792 		// before, reset the local window options to the global
2793 		// values.  Also restores old folding stuff.
2794 		get_winopts(curbuf);
2795 #ifdef FEAT_SPELL
2796 		did_get_winopts = TRUE;
2797 #endif
2798 	    }
2799 	    vim_free(new_name);
2800 	    au_new_curbuf.br_buf = NULL;
2801 	    au_new_curbuf.br_buf_free_count = 0;
2802 	}
2803 
2804 	curwin->w_pcmark.lnum = 1;
2805 	curwin->w_pcmark.col = 0;
2806     }
2807     else // !other_file
2808     {
2809 	if ((flags & ECMD_ADDBUF) || check_fname() == FAIL)
2810 	    goto theend;
2811 
2812 	oldbuf = (flags & ECMD_OLDBUF);
2813     }
2814 
2815     // Don't redraw until the cursor is in the right line, otherwise
2816     // autocommands may cause ml_get errors.
2817     ++RedrawingDisabled;
2818     did_inc_redrawing_disabled = TRUE;
2819 
2820     buf = curbuf;
2821     if ((flags & ECMD_SET_HELP) || keep_help_flag)
2822     {
2823 	prepare_help_buffer();
2824     }
2825     else
2826     {
2827 	// Don't make a buffer listed if it's a help buffer.  Useful when
2828 	// using CTRL-O to go back to a help file.
2829 	if (!curbuf->b_help)
2830 	    set_buflisted(TRUE);
2831     }
2832 
2833     // If autocommands change buffers under our fingers, forget about
2834     // editing the file.
2835     if (buf != curbuf)
2836 	goto theend;
2837 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
2838     if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
2839 	goto theend;
2840 #endif
2841 
2842     // Since we are starting to edit a file, consider the filetype to be
2843     // unset.  Helps for when an autocommand changes files and expects syntax
2844     // highlighting to work in the other file.
2845     did_filetype = FALSE;
2846 
2847 /*
2848  * other_file	oldbuf
2849  *  FALSE	FALSE	    re-edit same file, buffer is re-used
2850  *  FALSE	TRUE	    re-edit same file, nothing changes
2851  *  TRUE	FALSE	    start editing new file, new buffer
2852  *  TRUE	TRUE	    start editing in existing buffer (nothing to do)
2853  */
2854     if (!other_file && !oldbuf)		// re-use the buffer
2855     {
2856 	set_last_cursor(curwin);	// may set b_last_cursor
2857 	if (newlnum == ECMD_LAST || newlnum == ECMD_LASTL)
2858 	{
2859 	    newlnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
2860 	    solcol = curwin->w_cursor.col;
2861 	}
2862 	buf = curbuf;
2863 	if (buf->b_fname != NULL)
2864 	    new_name = vim_strsave(buf->b_fname);
2865 	else
2866 	    new_name = NULL;
2867 	set_bufref(&bufref, buf);
2868 
2869 	if (p_ur < 0 || curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count <= p_ur)
2870 	{
2871 	    // Save all the text, so that the reload can be undone.
2872 	    // Sync first so that this is a separate undo-able action.
2873 	    u_sync(FALSE);
2874 	    if (u_savecommon(0, curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count + 1, 0, TRUE)
2875 								     == FAIL)
2876 	    {
2877 		vim_free(new_name);
2878 		goto theend;
2879 	    }
2880 	    u_unchanged(curbuf);
2881 	    buf_freeall(curbuf, BFA_KEEP_UNDO);
2882 
2883 	    // tell readfile() not to clear or reload undo info
2884 	    readfile_flags = READ_KEEP_UNDO;
2885 	}
2886 	else
2887 	    buf_freeall(curbuf, 0);   // free all things for buffer
2888 
2889 	// If autocommands deleted the buffer we were going to re-edit, give
2890 	// up and jump to the end.
2891 	if (!bufref_valid(&bufref))
2892 	{
2893 	    delbuf_msg(new_name);	// frees new_name
2894 	    goto theend;
2895 	}
2896 	vim_free(new_name);
2897 
2898 	// If autocommands change buffers under our fingers, forget about
2899 	// re-editing the file.  Should do the buf_clear_file(), but perhaps
2900 	// the autocommands changed the buffer...
2901 	if (buf != curbuf)
2902 	    goto theend;
2903 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
2904 	if (aborting())	    // autocmds may abort script processing
2905 	    goto theend;
2906 #endif
2907 	buf_clear_file(curbuf);
2908 	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = 0;	// clear '[ and '] marks
2909 	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = 0;
2910     }
2911 
2912 /*
2913  * If we get here we are sure to start editing
2914  */
2915     // Assume success now
2916     retval = OK;
2917 
2918     /*
2919      * Check if we are editing the w_arg_idx file in the argument list.
2920      */
2921     check_arg_idx(curwin);
2922 
2923     if (!auto_buf)
2924     {
2925 	/*
2926 	 * Set cursor and init window before reading the file and executing
2927 	 * autocommands.  This allows for the autocommands to position the
2928 	 * cursor.
2929 	 */
2930 	curwin_init();
2931 
2932 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
2933 	// It's possible that all lines in the buffer changed.  Need to update
2934 	// automatic folding for all windows where it's used.
2935 	{
2936 	    win_T	    *win;
2937 	    tabpage_T	    *tp;
2938 
2939 	    FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, win)
2940 		if (win->w_buffer == curbuf)
2941 		    foldUpdateAll(win);
2942 	}
2943 #endif
2944 
2945 	// Change directories when the 'acd' option is set.
2946 	DO_AUTOCHDIR;
2947 
2948 	/*
2949 	 * Careful: open_buffer() and apply_autocmds() may change the current
2950 	 * buffer and window.
2951 	 */
2952 	orig_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
2953 	topline = curwin->w_topline;
2954 	if (!oldbuf)			    // need to read the file
2955 	{
2956 #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
2957 	    // Don't use the swap-exists dialog for a popup window, can't edit
2958 	    // the buffer.
2959 	    if (WIN_IS_POPUP(curwin))
2960 		curbuf->b_flags |= BF_NO_SEA;
2961 #endif
2962 	    swap_exists_action = SEA_DIALOG;
2963 	    curbuf->b_flags |= BF_CHECK_RO; // set/reset 'ro' flag
2964 
2965 	    /*
2966 	     * Open the buffer and read the file.
2967 	     */
2968 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
2969 	    if (should_abort(open_buffer(FALSE, eap, readfile_flags)))
2970 		retval = FAIL;
2971 #else
2972 	    (void)open_buffer(FALSE, eap, readfile_flags);
2973 #endif
2974 
2975 #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
2976 	    curbuf->b_flags &= ~BF_NO_SEA;
2977 #endif
2978 	    if (swap_exists_action == SEA_QUIT)
2979 		retval = FAIL;
2980 	    handle_swap_exists(&old_curbuf);
2981 	}
2982 	else
2983 	{
2984 	    // Read the modelines, but only to set window-local options.  Any
2985 	    // buffer-local options have already been set and may have been
2986 	    // changed by the user.
2987 	    do_modelines(OPT_WINONLY);
2988 
2989 	    apply_autocmds_retval(EVENT_BUFENTER, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf,
2990 								    &retval);
2991 	    apply_autocmds_retval(EVENT_BUFWINENTER, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf,
2992 								    &retval);
2993 	}
2994 	check_arg_idx(curwin);
2995 
2996 	// If autocommands change the cursor position or topline, we should
2997 	// keep it.  Also when it moves within a line. But not when it moves
2998 	// to the first non-blank.
2999 	if (!EQUAL_POS(curwin->w_cursor, orig_pos))
3000 	{
3001 	    char_u *text = ml_get_curline();
3002 
3003 	    if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum != orig_pos.lnum
3004 		    || curwin->w_cursor.col != (int)(skipwhite(text) - text))
3005 	    {
3006 		newlnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
3007 		newcol = curwin->w_cursor.col;
3008 	    }
3009 	}
3010 	if (curwin->w_topline == topline)
3011 	    topline = 0;
3012 
3013 	// Even when cursor didn't move we need to recompute topline.
3014 	changed_line_abv_curs();
3015 
3016 #ifdef FEAT_TITLE
3017 	maketitle();
3018 #endif
3019 #if defined(FEAT_PROP_POPUP) && defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX)
3020 	if (WIN_IS_POPUP(curwin) && curwin->w_p_pvw && retval != FAIL)
3021 	    popup_set_title(curwin);
3022 #endif
3023     }
3024 
3025 #ifdef FEAT_DIFF
3026     // Tell the diff stuff that this buffer is new and/or needs updating.
3027     // Also needed when re-editing the same buffer, because unloading will
3028     // have removed it as a diff buffer.
3029     if (curwin->w_p_diff)
3030     {
3031 	diff_buf_add(curbuf);
3032 	diff_invalidate(curbuf);
3033     }
3034 #endif
3035 
3036 #ifdef FEAT_SPELL
3037     // If the window options were changed may need to set the spell language.
3038     // Can only do this after the buffer has been properly setup.
3039     if (did_get_winopts && curwin->w_p_spell && *curwin->w_s->b_p_spl != NUL)
3040 	(void)did_set_spelllang(curwin);
3041 #endif
3042 
3043     if (command == NULL)
3044     {
3045 	if (newcol >= 0)	// position set by autocommands
3046 	{
3047 	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = newlnum;
3048 	    curwin->w_cursor.col = newcol;
3049 	    check_cursor();
3050 	}
3051 	else if (newlnum > 0)	// line number from caller or old position
3052 	{
3053 	    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = newlnum;
3054 	    check_cursor_lnum();
3055 	    if (solcol >= 0 && !p_sol)
3056 	    {
3057 		// 'sol' is off: Use last known column.
3058 		curwin->w_cursor.col = solcol;
3059 		check_cursor_col();
3060 		curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
3061 		curwin->w_set_curswant = TRUE;
3062 	    }
3063 	    else
3064 		beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
3065 	}
3066 	else			// no line number, go to last line in Ex mode
3067 	{
3068 	    if (exmode_active)
3069 		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
3070 	    beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
3071 	}
3072     }
3073 
3074     // Check if cursors in other windows on the same buffer are still valid
3075     check_lnums(FALSE);
3076 
3077     /*
3078      * Did not read the file, need to show some info about the file.
3079      * Do this after setting the cursor.
3080      */
3081     if (oldbuf && !auto_buf)
3082     {
3083 	int	msg_scroll_save = msg_scroll;
3084 
3085 	// Obey the 'O' flag in 'cpoptions': overwrite any previous file
3086 	// message.
3087 	if (shortmess(SHM_OVERALL) && !exiting && p_verbose == 0)
3088 	    msg_scroll = FALSE;
3089 	if (!msg_scroll)	// wait a bit when overwriting an error msg
3090 	    check_for_delay(FALSE);
3091 	msg_start();
3092 	msg_scroll = msg_scroll_save;
3093 	msg_scrolled_ign = TRUE;
3094 
3095 	if (!shortmess(SHM_FILEINFO))
3096 	    fileinfo(FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
3097 
3098 	msg_scrolled_ign = FALSE;
3099     }
3100 
3101 #ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
3102     curbuf->b_last_used = vim_time();
3103 #endif
3104 
3105     if (command != NULL)
3106 	do_cmdline(command, NULL, NULL, DOCMD_VERBOSE);
3107 
3108 #ifdef FEAT_KEYMAP
3109     if (curbuf->b_kmap_state & KEYMAP_INIT)
3110 	(void)keymap_init();
3111 #endif
3112 
3113     --RedrawingDisabled;
3114     did_inc_redrawing_disabled = FALSE;
3115     if (!skip_redraw)
3116     {
3117 	n = *so_ptr;
3118 	if (topline == 0 && command == NULL)
3119 	    *so_ptr = 9999;		// force cursor halfway the window
3120 	update_topline();
3121 	curwin->w_scbind_pos = curwin->w_topline;
3122 	*so_ptr = n;
3123 	redraw_curbuf_later(NOT_VALID);	// redraw this buffer later
3124     }
3125 
3126     if (p_im)
3127 	need_start_insertmode = TRUE;
3128 
3129 #ifdef FEAT_AUTOCHDIR
3130     // Change directories when the 'acd' option is set and we aren't already in
3131     // that directory (should already be done above). Expect getcwd() to be
3132     // faster than calling shorten_fnames() unnecessarily.
3133     if (p_acd && curbuf->b_ffname != NULL)
3134     {
3135 	char_u	curdir[MAXPATHL];
3136 	char_u	filedir[MAXPATHL];
3137 
3138 	vim_strncpy(filedir, curbuf->b_ffname, MAXPATHL - 1);
3139 	*gettail_sep(filedir) = NUL;
3140 	if (mch_dirname(curdir, MAXPATHL) != FAIL
3141 		&& vim_fnamecmp(curdir, filedir) != 0)
3142 	    do_autochdir();
3143     }
3144 #endif
3145 
3146 #if defined(FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG)
3147     if (curbuf->b_ffname != NULL)
3148     {
3149 # ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
3150 	if ((flags & ECMD_SET_HELP) != ECMD_SET_HELP)
3151 	    netbeans_file_opened(curbuf);
3152 # endif
3153     }
3154 #endif
3155 
3156 theend:
3157     if (did_inc_redrawing_disabled)
3158 	--RedrawingDisabled;
3159 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
3160     if (did_set_swapcommand)
3161 	set_vim_var_string(VV_SWAPCOMMAND, NULL, -1);
3162 #endif
3163 #ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
3164     vim_free(browse_file);
3165 #endif
3166     vim_free(free_fname);
3167     return retval;
3168 }
3169 
3170     static void
3171 delbuf_msg(char_u *name)
3172 {
3173     semsg(_("E143: Autocommands unexpectedly deleted new buffer %s"),
3174 	    name == NULL ? (char_u *)"" : name);
3175     vim_free(name);
3176     au_new_curbuf.br_buf = NULL;
3177     au_new_curbuf.br_buf_free_count = 0;
3178 }
3179 
3180 static int append_indent = 0;	    // autoindent for first line
3181 
3182 /*
3183  * ":insert" and ":append", also used by ":change"
3184  */
3185     void
3186 ex_append(exarg_T *eap)
3187 {
3188     char_u	*theline;
3189     int		did_undo = FALSE;
3190     linenr_T	lnum = eap->line2;
3191     int		indent = 0;
3192     char_u	*p;
3193     int		vcol;
3194     int		empty = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY);
3195 
3196     // the ! flag toggles autoindent
3197     if (eap->forceit)
3198 	curbuf->b_p_ai = !curbuf->b_p_ai;
3199 
3200     // First autoindent comes from the line we start on
3201     if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_change && curbuf->b_p_ai && lnum > 0)
3202 	append_indent = get_indent_lnum(lnum);
3203 
3204     if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_append)
3205 	--lnum;
3206 
3207     // when the buffer is empty need to delete the dummy line
3208     if (empty && lnum == 1)
3209 	lnum = 0;
3210 
3211     State = INSERT;		    // behave like in Insert mode
3212     if (curbuf->b_p_iminsert == B_IMODE_LMAP)
3213 	State |= LANGMAP;
3214 
3215     for (;;)
3216     {
3217 	msg_scroll = TRUE;
3218 	need_wait_return = FALSE;
3219 	if (curbuf->b_p_ai)
3220 	{
3221 	    if (append_indent >= 0)
3222 	    {
3223 		indent = append_indent;
3224 		append_indent = -1;
3225 	    }
3226 	    else if (lnum > 0)
3227 		indent = get_indent_lnum(lnum);
3228 	}
3229 	ex_keep_indent = FALSE;
3230 	if (eap->getline == NULL)
3231 	{
3232 	    // No getline() function, use the lines that follow. This ends
3233 	    // when there is no more.
3234 	    if (eap->nextcmd == NULL || *eap->nextcmd == NUL)
3235 		break;
3236 	    p = vim_strchr(eap->nextcmd, NL);
3237 	    if (p == NULL)
3238 		p = eap->nextcmd + STRLEN(eap->nextcmd);
3239 	    theline = vim_strnsave(eap->nextcmd, (int)(p - eap->nextcmd));
3240 	    if (*p != NUL)
3241 		++p;
3242 	    eap->nextcmd = p;
3243 	}
3244 	else
3245 	{
3246 	    int save_State = State;
3247 
3248 	    // Set State to avoid the cursor shape to be set to INSERT mode
3249 	    // when getline() returns.
3250 	    State = CMDLINE;
3251 	    theline = eap->getline(
3252 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
3253 		    eap->cstack->cs_looplevel > 0 ? -1 :
3254 #endif
3255 		    NUL, eap->cookie, indent, TRUE);
3256 	    State = save_State;
3257 	}
3258 	lines_left = Rows - 1;
3259 	if (theline == NULL)
3260 	    break;
3261 
3262 	// Using ^ CTRL-D in getexmodeline() makes us repeat the indent.
3263 	if (ex_keep_indent)
3264 	    append_indent = indent;
3265 
3266 	// Look for the "." after automatic indent.
3267 	vcol = 0;
3268 	for (p = theline; indent > vcol; ++p)
3269 	{
3270 	    if (*p == ' ')
3271 		++vcol;
3272 	    else if (*p == TAB)
3273 		vcol += 8 - vcol % 8;
3274 	    else
3275 		break;
3276 	}
3277 	if ((p[0] == '.' && p[1] == NUL)
3278 		|| (!did_undo && u_save(lnum, lnum + 1 + (empty ? 1 : 0))
3279 								     == FAIL))
3280 	{
3281 	    vim_free(theline);
3282 	    break;
3283 	}
3284 
3285 	// don't use autoindent if nothing was typed.
3286 	if (p[0] == NUL)
3287 	    theline[0] = NUL;
3288 
3289 	did_undo = TRUE;
3290 	ml_append(lnum, theline, (colnr_T)0, FALSE);
3291 	appended_lines_mark(lnum + (empty ? 1 : 0), 1L);
3292 
3293 	vim_free(theline);
3294 	++lnum;
3295 
3296 	if (empty)
3297 	{
3298 	    ml_delete(2L, FALSE);
3299 	    empty = FALSE;
3300 	}
3301     }
3302     State = NORMAL;
3303 
3304     if (eap->forceit)
3305 	curbuf->b_p_ai = !curbuf->b_p_ai;
3306 
3307     // "start" is set to eap->line2+1 unless that position is invalid (when
3308     // eap->line2 pointed to the end of the buffer and nothing was appended)
3309     // "end" is set to lnum when something has been appended, otherwise
3310     // it is the same than "start"  -- Acevedo
3311     if (!cmdmod.lockmarks)
3312     {
3313 	curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = (eap->line2 < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) ?
3314 	    eap->line2 + 1 : curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
3315 	if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_append)
3316 	    --curbuf->b_op_start.lnum;
3317 	curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = (eap->line2 < lnum)
3318 						 ? lnum : curbuf->b_op_start.lnum;
3319 	curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
3320     }
3321     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
3322     check_cursor_lnum();
3323     beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
3324 
3325     need_wait_return = FALSE;	// don't use wait_return() now
3326     ex_no_reprint = TRUE;
3327 }
3328 
3329 /*
3330  * ":change"
3331  */
3332     void
3333 ex_change(exarg_T *eap)
3334 {
3335     linenr_T	lnum;
3336 
3337     if (eap->line2 >= eap->line1
3338 	    && u_save(eap->line1 - 1, eap->line2 + 1) == FAIL)
3339 	return;
3340 
3341     // the ! flag toggles autoindent
3342     if (eap->forceit ? !curbuf->b_p_ai : curbuf->b_p_ai)
3343 	append_indent = get_indent_lnum(eap->line1);
3344 
3345     for (lnum = eap->line2; lnum >= eap->line1; --lnum)
3346     {
3347 	if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)	    // nothing to delete
3348 	    break;
3349 	ml_delete(eap->line1, FALSE);
3350     }
3351 
3352     // make sure the cursor is not beyond the end of the file now
3353     check_cursor_lnum();
3354     deleted_lines_mark(eap->line1, (long)(eap->line2 - lnum));
3355 
3356     // ":append" on the line above the deleted lines.
3357     eap->line2 = eap->line1;
3358     ex_append(eap);
3359 }
3360 
3361     void
3362 ex_z(exarg_T *eap)
3363 {
3364     char_u	*x;
3365     long	bigness;
3366     char_u	*kind;
3367     int		minus = 0;
3368     linenr_T	start, end, curs, i;
3369     int		j;
3370     linenr_T	lnum = eap->line2;
3371 
3372     // Vi compatible: ":z!" uses display height, without a count uses
3373     // 'scroll'
3374     if (eap->forceit)
3375 	bigness = curwin->w_height;
3376     else if (!ONE_WINDOW)
3377 	bigness = curwin->w_height - 3;
3378     else
3379 	bigness = curwin->w_p_scr * 2;
3380     if (bigness < 1)
3381 	bigness = 1;
3382 
3383     x = eap->arg;
3384     kind = x;
3385     if (*kind == '-' || *kind == '+' || *kind == '='
3386 					      || *kind == '^' || *kind == '.')
3387 	++x;
3388     while (*x == '-' || *x == '+')
3389 	++x;
3390 
3391     if (*x != 0)
3392     {
3393 	if (!VIM_ISDIGIT(*x))
3394 	{
3395 	    emsg(_("E144: non-numeric argument to :z"));
3396 	    return;
3397 	}
3398 	else
3399 	{
3400 	    bigness = atol((char *)x);
3401 
3402 	    // bigness could be < 0 if atol(x) overflows.
3403 	    if (bigness > 2 * curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count || bigness < 0)
3404 		bigness = 2 * curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
3405 
3406 	    p_window = bigness;
3407 	    if (*kind == '=')
3408 		bigness += 2;
3409 	}
3410     }
3411 
3412     // the number of '-' and '+' multiplies the distance
3413     if (*kind == '-' || *kind == '+')
3414 	for (x = kind + 1; *x == *kind; ++x)
3415 	    ;
3416 
3417     switch (*kind)
3418     {
3419 	case '-':
3420 	    start = lnum - bigness * (linenr_T)(x - kind) + 1;
3421 	    end = start + bigness - 1;
3422 	    curs = end;
3423 	    break;
3424 
3425 	case '=':
3426 	    start = lnum - (bigness + 1) / 2 + 1;
3427 	    end = lnum + (bigness + 1) / 2 - 1;
3428 	    curs = lnum;
3429 	    minus = 1;
3430 	    break;
3431 
3432 	case '^':
3433 	    start = lnum - bigness * 2;
3434 	    end = lnum - bigness;
3435 	    curs = lnum - bigness;
3436 	    break;
3437 
3438 	case '.':
3439 	    start = lnum - (bigness + 1) / 2 + 1;
3440 	    end = lnum + (bigness + 1) / 2 - 1;
3441 	    curs = end;
3442 	    break;
3443 
3444 	default:  // '+'
3445 	    start = lnum;
3446 	    if (*kind == '+')
3447 		start += bigness * (linenr_T)(x - kind - 1) + 1;
3448 	    else if (eap->addr_count == 0)
3449 		++start;
3450 	    end = start + bigness - 1;
3451 	    curs = end;
3452 	    break;
3453     }
3454 
3455     if (start < 1)
3456 	start = 1;
3457 
3458     if (end > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
3459 	end = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
3460 
3461     if (curs > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
3462 	curs = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
3463     else if (curs < 1)
3464 	curs = 1;
3465 
3466     for (i = start; i <= end; i++)
3467     {
3468 	if (minus && i == lnum)
3469 	{
3470 	    msg_putchar('\n');
3471 
3472 	    for (j = 1; j < Columns; j++)
3473 		msg_putchar('-');
3474 	}
3475 
3476 	print_line(i, eap->flags & EXFLAG_NR, eap->flags & EXFLAG_LIST);
3477 
3478 	if (minus && i == lnum)
3479 	{
3480 	    msg_putchar('\n');
3481 
3482 	    for (j = 1; j < Columns; j++)
3483 		msg_putchar('-');
3484 	}
3485     }
3486 
3487     if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum != curs)
3488     {
3489 	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curs;
3490 	curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
3491     }
3492     ex_no_reprint = TRUE;
3493 }
3494 
3495 /*
3496  * Check if the restricted flag is set.
3497  * If so, give an error message and return TRUE.
3498  * Otherwise, return FALSE.
3499  */
3500     int
3501 check_restricted(void)
3502 {
3503     if (restricted)
3504     {
3505 	emsg(_("E145: Shell commands and some functionality not allowed in rvim"));
3506 	return TRUE;
3507     }
3508     return FALSE;
3509 }
3510 
3511 /*
3512  * Check if the secure flag is set (.exrc or .vimrc in current directory).
3513  * If so, give an error message and return TRUE.
3514  * Otherwise, return FALSE.
3515  */
3516     int
3517 check_secure(void)
3518 {
3519     if (secure)
3520     {
3521 	secure = 2;
3522 	emsg(_(e_curdir));
3523 	return TRUE;
3524     }
3525 #ifdef HAVE_SANDBOX
3526     /*
3527      * In the sandbox more things are not allowed, including the things
3528      * disallowed in secure mode.
3529      */
3530     if (sandbox != 0)
3531     {
3532 	emsg(_(e_sandbox));
3533 	return TRUE;
3534     }
3535 #endif
3536     return FALSE;
3537 }
3538 
3539 static char_u	*old_sub = NULL;	// previous substitute pattern
3540 static int	global_need_beginline;	// call beginline() after ":g"
3541 
3542 /*
3543  * Flags that are kept between calls to :substitute.
3544  */
3545 typedef struct {
3546     int	do_all;		// do multiple substitutions per line
3547     int	do_ask;		// ask for confirmation
3548     int	do_count;	// count only
3549     int	do_error;	// if false, ignore errors
3550     int	do_print;	// print last line with subs.
3551     int	do_list;	// list last line with subs.
3552     int	do_number;	// list last line with line nr
3553     int	do_ic;		// ignore case flag
3554 } subflags_T;
3555 
3556 /*
3557  * Perform a substitution from line eap->line1 to line eap->line2 using the
3558  * command pointed to by eap->arg which should be of the form:
3559  *
3560  * /pattern/substitution/{flags}
3561  *
3562  * The usual escapes are supported as described in the regexp docs.
3563  */
3564     void
3565 do_sub(exarg_T *eap)
3566 {
3567     linenr_T	lnum;
3568     long	i = 0;
3569     regmmatch_T regmatch;
3570     static subflags_T subflags = {FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE,
3571 							      FALSE, FALSE, 0};
3572 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
3573     subflags_T	subflags_save;
3574 #endif
3575     int		save_do_all;		// remember user specified 'g' flag
3576     int		save_do_ask;		// remember user specified 'c' flag
3577     char_u	*pat = NULL, *sub = NULL;	// init for GCC
3578     int		delimiter;
3579     int		sublen;
3580     int		got_quit = FALSE;
3581     int		got_match = FALSE;
3582     int		temp;
3583     int		which_pat;
3584     char_u	*cmd;
3585     int		save_State;
3586     linenr_T	first_line = 0;		// first changed line
3587     linenr_T	last_line= 0;		// below last changed line AFTER the
3588 					// change
3589     linenr_T	old_line_count = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
3590     linenr_T	line2;
3591     long	nmatch;			// number of lines in match
3592     char_u	*sub_firstline;		// allocated copy of first sub line
3593     int		endcolumn = FALSE;	// cursor in last column when done
3594     pos_T	old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
3595     int		start_nsubs;
3596 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
3597     int		save_ma = 0;
3598 #endif
3599 
3600     cmd = eap->arg;
3601     if (!global_busy)
3602     {
3603 	sub_nsubs = 0;
3604 	sub_nlines = 0;
3605     }
3606     start_nsubs = sub_nsubs;
3607 
3608     if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_tilde)
3609 	which_pat = RE_LAST;	// use last used regexp
3610     else
3611 	which_pat = RE_SUBST;	// use last substitute regexp
3612 
3613 				// new pattern and substitution
3614     if (eap->cmd[0] == 's' && *cmd != NUL && !VIM_ISWHITE(*cmd)
3615 		&& vim_strchr((char_u *)"0123456789cegriIp|\"", *cmd) == NULL)
3616     {
3617 				// don't accept alphanumeric for separator
3618 	if (isalpha(*cmd))
3619 	{
3620 	    emsg(_("E146: Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters"));
3621 	    return;
3622 	}
3623 	/*
3624 	 * undocumented vi feature:
3625 	 *  "\/sub/" and "\?sub?" use last used search pattern (almost like
3626 	 *  //sub/r).  "\&sub&" use last substitute pattern (like //sub/).
3627 	 */
3628 	if (*cmd == '\\')
3629 	{
3630 	    ++cmd;
3631 	    if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"/?&", *cmd) == NULL)
3632 	    {
3633 		emsg(_(e_backslash));
3634 		return;
3635 	    }
3636 	    if (*cmd != '&')
3637 		which_pat = RE_SEARCH;	    // use last '/' pattern
3638 	    pat = (char_u *)"";		    // empty search pattern
3639 	    delimiter = *cmd++;		    // remember delimiter character
3640 	}
3641 	else		// find the end of the regexp
3642 	{
3643 	    which_pat = RE_LAST;	    // use last used regexp
3644 	    delimiter = *cmd++;		    // remember delimiter character
3645 	    pat = cmd;			    // remember start of search pat
3646 	    cmd = skip_regexp(cmd, delimiter, p_magic, &eap->arg);
3647 	    if (cmd[0] == delimiter)	    // end delimiter found
3648 		*cmd++ = NUL;		    // replace it with a NUL
3649 	}
3650 
3651 	/*
3652 	 * Small incompatibility: vi sees '\n' as end of the command, but in
3653 	 * Vim we want to use '\n' to find/substitute a NUL.
3654 	 */
3655 	sub = cmd;	    // remember the start of the substitution
3656 
3657 	while (cmd[0])
3658 	{
3659 	    if (cmd[0] == delimiter)		// end delimiter found
3660 	    {
3661 		*cmd++ = NUL;			// replace it with a NUL
3662 		break;
3663 	    }
3664 	    if (cmd[0] == '\\' && cmd[1] != 0)	// skip escaped characters
3665 		++cmd;
3666 	    MB_PTR_ADV(cmd);
3667 	}
3668 
3669 	if (!eap->skip)
3670 	{
3671 	    // In POSIX vi ":s/pat/%/" uses the previous subst. string.
3672 	    if (STRCMP(sub, "%") == 0
3673 				 && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_SUBPERCENT) != NULL)
3674 	    {
3675 		if (old_sub == NULL)	// there is no previous command
3676 		{
3677 		    emsg(_(e_nopresub));
3678 		    return;
3679 		}
3680 		sub = old_sub;
3681 	    }
3682 	    else
3683 	    {
3684 		vim_free(old_sub);
3685 		old_sub = vim_strsave(sub);
3686 	    }
3687 	}
3688     }
3689     else if (!eap->skip)	// use previous pattern and substitution
3690     {
3691 	if (old_sub == NULL)	// there is no previous command
3692 	{
3693 	    emsg(_(e_nopresub));
3694 	    return;
3695 	}
3696 	pat = NULL;		// search_regcomp() will use previous pattern
3697 	sub = old_sub;
3698 
3699 	// Vi compatibility quirk: repeating with ":s" keeps the cursor in the
3700 	// last column after using "$".
3701 	endcolumn = (curwin->w_curswant == MAXCOL);
3702     }
3703 
3704     // Recognize ":%s/\n//" and turn it into a join command, which is much
3705     // more efficient.
3706     // TODO: find a generic solution to make line-joining operations more
3707     // efficient, avoid allocating a string that grows in size.
3708     if (pat != NULL && STRCMP(pat, "\\n") == 0
3709 	    && *sub == NUL
3710 	    && (*cmd == NUL || (cmd[1] == NUL && (*cmd == 'g' || *cmd == 'l'
3711 					     || *cmd == 'p' || *cmd == '#'))))
3712     {
3713 	linenr_T    joined_lines_count;
3714 
3715 	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = eap->line1;
3716 	if (*cmd == 'l')
3717 	    eap->flags = EXFLAG_LIST;
3718 	else if (*cmd == '#')
3719 	    eap->flags = EXFLAG_NR;
3720 	else if (*cmd == 'p')
3721 	    eap->flags = EXFLAG_PRINT;
3722 
3723 	// The number of lines joined is the number of lines in the range plus
3724 	// one.  One less when the last line is included.
3725 	joined_lines_count = eap->line2 - eap->line1 + 1;
3726 	if (eap->line2 < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
3727 	    ++joined_lines_count;
3728 	if (joined_lines_count > 1)
3729 	{
3730 	    (void)do_join(joined_lines_count, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE);
3731 	    sub_nsubs = joined_lines_count - 1;
3732 	    sub_nlines = 1;
3733 	    (void)do_sub_msg(FALSE);
3734 	    ex_may_print(eap);
3735 	}
3736 
3737 	if (!cmdmod.keeppatterns)
3738 	    save_re_pat(RE_SUBST, pat, p_magic);
3739 	// put pattern in history
3740 	add_to_history(HIST_SEARCH, pat, TRUE, NUL);
3741 
3742 	return;
3743     }
3744 
3745     /*
3746      * Find trailing options.  When '&' is used, keep old options.
3747      */
3748     if (*cmd == '&')
3749 	++cmd;
3750     else
3751     {
3752 	if (!p_ed)
3753 	{
3754 	    if (p_gd)		// default is global on
3755 		subflags.do_all = TRUE;
3756 	    else
3757 		subflags.do_all = FALSE;
3758 	    subflags.do_ask = FALSE;
3759 	}
3760 	subflags.do_error = TRUE;
3761 	subflags.do_print = FALSE;
3762 	subflags.do_list = FALSE;
3763 	subflags.do_count = FALSE;
3764 	subflags.do_number = FALSE;
3765 	subflags.do_ic = 0;
3766     }
3767     while (*cmd)
3768     {
3769 	/*
3770 	 * Note that 'g' and 'c' are always inverted, also when p_ed is off.
3771 	 * 'r' is never inverted.
3772 	 */
3773 	if (*cmd == 'g')
3774 	    subflags.do_all = !subflags.do_all;
3775 	else if (*cmd == 'c')
3776 	    subflags.do_ask = !subflags.do_ask;
3777 	else if (*cmd == 'n')
3778 	    subflags.do_count = TRUE;
3779 	else if (*cmd == 'e')
3780 	    subflags.do_error = !subflags.do_error;
3781 	else if (*cmd == 'r')	    // use last used regexp
3782 	    which_pat = RE_LAST;
3783 	else if (*cmd == 'p')
3784 	    subflags.do_print = TRUE;
3785 	else if (*cmd == '#')
3786 	{
3787 	    subflags.do_print = TRUE;
3788 	    subflags.do_number = TRUE;
3789 	}
3790 	else if (*cmd == 'l')
3791 	{
3792 	    subflags.do_print = TRUE;
3793 	    subflags.do_list = TRUE;
3794 	}
3795 	else if (*cmd == 'i')	    // ignore case
3796 	    subflags.do_ic = 'i';
3797 	else if (*cmd == 'I')	    // don't ignore case
3798 	    subflags.do_ic = 'I';
3799 	else
3800 	    break;
3801 	++cmd;
3802     }
3803     if (subflags.do_count)
3804 	subflags.do_ask = FALSE;
3805 
3806     save_do_all = subflags.do_all;
3807     save_do_ask = subflags.do_ask;
3808 
3809     /*
3810      * check for a trailing count
3811      */
3812     cmd = skipwhite(cmd);
3813     if (VIM_ISDIGIT(*cmd))
3814     {
3815 	i = getdigits(&cmd);
3816 	if (i <= 0 && !eap->skip && subflags.do_error)
3817 	{
3818 	    emsg(_(e_zerocount));
3819 	    return;
3820 	}
3821 	eap->line1 = eap->line2;
3822 	eap->line2 += i - 1;
3823 	if (eap->line2 > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
3824 	    eap->line2 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
3825     }
3826 
3827     /*
3828      * check for trailing command or garbage
3829      */
3830     cmd = skipwhite(cmd);
3831     if (*cmd && *cmd != '"')	    // if not end-of-line or comment
3832     {
3833 	eap->nextcmd = check_nextcmd(cmd);
3834 	if (eap->nextcmd == NULL)
3835 	{
3836 	    emsg(_(e_trailing));
3837 	    return;
3838 	}
3839     }
3840 
3841     if (eap->skip)	    // not executing commands, only parsing
3842 	return;
3843 
3844     if (!subflags.do_count && !curbuf->b_p_ma)
3845     {
3846 	// Substitution is not allowed in non-'modifiable' buffer
3847 	emsg(_(e_modifiable));
3848 	return;
3849     }
3850 
3851     if (search_regcomp(pat, RE_SUBST, which_pat, SEARCH_HIS, &regmatch) == FAIL)
3852     {
3853 	if (subflags.do_error)
3854 	    emsg(_(e_invcmd));
3855 	return;
3856     }
3857 
3858     // the 'i' or 'I' flag overrules 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase'
3859     if (subflags.do_ic == 'i')
3860 	regmatch.rmm_ic = TRUE;
3861     else if (subflags.do_ic == 'I')
3862 	regmatch.rmm_ic = FALSE;
3863 
3864     sub_firstline = NULL;
3865 
3866     /*
3867      * ~ in the substitute pattern is replaced with the old pattern.
3868      * We do it here once to avoid it to be replaced over and over again.
3869      * But don't do it when it starts with "\=", then it's an expression.
3870      */
3871     if (!(sub[0] == '\\' && sub[1] == '='))
3872 	sub = regtilde(sub, p_magic);
3873 
3874     /*
3875      * Check for a match on each line.
3876      */
3877     line2 = eap->line2;
3878     for (lnum = eap->line1; lnum <= line2 && !(got_quit
3879 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL)
3880 		|| aborting()
3881 #endif
3882 		); ++lnum)
3883     {
3884 	nmatch = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf, lnum,
3885 						       (colnr_T)0, NULL, NULL);
3886 	if (nmatch)
3887 	{
3888 	    colnr_T	copycol;
3889 	    colnr_T	matchcol;
3890 	    colnr_T	prev_matchcol = MAXCOL;
3891 	    char_u	*new_end, *new_start = NULL;
3892 	    unsigned	new_start_len = 0;
3893 	    char_u	*p1;
3894 	    int		did_sub = FALSE;
3895 	    int		lastone;
3896 	    int		len, copy_len, needed_len;
3897 	    long	nmatch_tl = 0;	// nr of lines matched below lnum
3898 	    int		do_again;	// do it again after joining lines
3899 	    int		skip_match = FALSE;
3900 	    linenr_T	sub_firstlnum;	// nr of first sub line
3901 #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
3902 	    int		apc_flags = APC_SAVE_FOR_UNDO | APC_SUBSTITUTE;
3903 	    colnr_T	total_added =  0;
3904 #endif
3905 
3906 	    /*
3907 	     * The new text is build up step by step, to avoid too much
3908 	     * copying.  There are these pieces:
3909 	     * sub_firstline	The old text, unmodified.
3910 	     * copycol		Column in the old text where we started
3911 	     *			looking for a match; from here old text still
3912 	     *			needs to be copied to the new text.
3913 	     * matchcol		Column number of the old text where to look
3914 	     *			for the next match.  It's just after the
3915 	     *			previous match or one further.
3916 	     * prev_matchcol	Column just after the previous match (if any).
3917 	     *			Mostly equal to matchcol, except for the first
3918 	     *			match and after skipping an empty match.
3919 	     * regmatch.*pos	Where the pattern matched in the old text.
3920 	     * new_start	The new text, all that has been produced so
3921 	     *			far.
3922 	     * new_end		The new text, where to append new text.
3923 	     *
3924 	     * lnum		The line number where we found the start of
3925 	     *			the match.  Can be below the line we searched
3926 	     *			when there is a \n before a \zs in the
3927 	     *			pattern.
3928 	     * sub_firstlnum	The line number in the buffer where to look
3929 	     *			for a match.  Can be different from "lnum"
3930 	     *			when the pattern or substitute string contains
3931 	     *			line breaks.
3932 	     *
3933 	     * Special situations:
3934 	     * - When the substitute string contains a line break, the part up
3935 	     *   to the line break is inserted in the text, but the copy of
3936 	     *   the original line is kept.  "sub_firstlnum" is adjusted for
3937 	     *   the inserted lines.
3938 	     * - When the matched pattern contains a line break, the old line
3939 	     *   is taken from the line at the end of the pattern.  The lines
3940 	     *   in the match are deleted later, "sub_firstlnum" is adjusted
3941 	     *   accordingly.
3942 	     *
3943 	     * The new text is built up in new_start[].  It has some extra
3944 	     * room to avoid using alloc()/free() too often.  new_start_len is
3945 	     * the length of the allocated memory at new_start.
3946 	     *
3947 	     * Make a copy of the old line, so it won't be taken away when
3948 	     * updating the screen or handling a multi-line match.  The "old_"
3949 	     * pointers point into this copy.
3950 	     */
3951 	    sub_firstlnum = lnum;
3952 	    copycol = 0;
3953 	    matchcol = 0;
3954 
3955 	    // At first match, remember current cursor position.
3956 	    if (!got_match)
3957 	    {
3958 		setpcmark();
3959 		got_match = TRUE;
3960 	    }
3961 
3962 	    /*
3963 	     * Loop until nothing more to replace in this line.
3964 	     * 1. Handle match with empty string.
3965 	     * 2. If do_ask is set, ask for confirmation.
3966 	     * 3. substitute the string.
3967 	     * 4. if do_all is set, find next match
3968 	     * 5. break if there isn't another match in this line
3969 	     */
3970 	    for (;;)
3971 	    {
3972 		// Advance "lnum" to the line where the match starts.  The
3973 		// match does not start in the first line when there is a line
3974 		// break before \zs.
3975 		if (regmatch.startpos[0].lnum > 0)
3976 		{
3977 		    lnum += regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
3978 		    sub_firstlnum += regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
3979 		    nmatch -= regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
3980 		    VIM_CLEAR(sub_firstline);
3981 		}
3982 
3983 		// Match might be after the last line for "\n\zs" matching at
3984 		// the end of the last line.
3985 		if (lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
3986 		    break;
3987 
3988 		if (sub_firstline == NULL)
3989 		{
3990 		    sub_firstline = vim_strsave(ml_get(sub_firstlnum));
3991 		    if (sub_firstline == NULL)
3992 		    {
3993 			vim_free(new_start);
3994 			goto outofmem;
3995 		    }
3996 		}
3997 
3998 		// Save the line number of the last change for the final
3999 		// cursor position (just like Vi).
4000 		curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
4001 		do_again = FALSE;
4002 
4003 		/*
4004 		 * 1. Match empty string does not count, except for first
4005 		 * match.  This reproduces the strange vi behaviour.
4006 		 * This also catches endless loops.
4007 		 */
4008 		if (matchcol == prev_matchcol
4009 			&& regmatch.endpos[0].lnum == 0
4010 			&& matchcol == regmatch.endpos[0].col)
4011 		{
4012 		    if (sub_firstline[matchcol] == NUL)
4013 			// We already were at the end of the line.  Don't look
4014 			// for a match in this line again.
4015 			skip_match = TRUE;
4016 		    else
4017 		    {
4018 			 // search for a match at next column
4019 			if (has_mbyte)
4020 			    matchcol += mb_ptr2len(sub_firstline + matchcol);
4021 			else
4022 			    ++matchcol;
4023 		    }
4024 		    goto skip;
4025 		}
4026 
4027 		// Normally we continue searching for a match just after the
4028 		// previous match.
4029 		matchcol = regmatch.endpos[0].col;
4030 		prev_matchcol = matchcol;
4031 
4032 		/*
4033 		 * 2. If do_count is set only increase the counter.
4034 		 *    If do_ask is set, ask for confirmation.
4035 		 */
4036 		if (subflags.do_count)
4037 		{
4038 		    // For a multi-line match, put matchcol at the NUL at
4039 		    // the end of the line and set nmatch to one, so that
4040 		    // we continue looking for a match on the next line.
4041 		    // Avoids that ":s/\nB\@=//gc" get stuck.
4042 		    if (nmatch > 1)
4043 		    {
4044 			matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline);
4045 			nmatch = 1;
4046 			skip_match = TRUE;
4047 		    }
4048 		    sub_nsubs++;
4049 		    did_sub = TRUE;
4050 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
4051 		    // Skip the substitution, unless an expression is used,
4052 		    // then it is evaluated in the sandbox.
4053 		    if (!(sub[0] == '\\' && sub[1] == '='))
4054 #endif
4055 			goto skip;
4056 		}
4057 
4058 		if (subflags.do_ask)
4059 		{
4060 		    int typed = 0;
4061 
4062 		    // change State to CONFIRM, so that the mouse works
4063 		    // properly
4064 		    save_State = State;
4065 		    State = CONFIRM;
4066 		    setmouse();		// disable mouse in xterm
4067 		    curwin->w_cursor.col = regmatch.startpos[0].col;
4068 		    if (curwin->w_p_crb)
4069 			do_check_cursorbind();
4070 
4071 		    // When 'cpoptions' contains "u" don't sync undo when
4072 		    // asking for confirmation.
4073 		    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_UNDO) != NULL)
4074 			++no_u_sync;
4075 
4076 		    /*
4077 		     * Loop until 'y', 'n', 'q', CTRL-E or CTRL-Y typed.
4078 		     */
4079 		    while (subflags.do_ask)
4080 		    {
4081 			if (exmode_active)
4082 			{
4083 			    char_u	*resp;
4084 			    colnr_T	sc, ec;
4085 
4086 			    print_line_no_prefix(lnum,
4087 					 subflags.do_number, subflags.do_list);
4088 
4089 			    getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, &sc, NULL, NULL);
4090 			    curwin->w_cursor.col = regmatch.endpos[0].col - 1;
4091 			    if (curwin->w_cursor.col < 0)
4092 				curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
4093 			    getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, NULL, NULL, &ec);
4094 			    if (subflags.do_number || curwin->w_p_nu)
4095 			    {
4096 				int numw = number_width(curwin) + 1;
4097 				sc += numw;
4098 				ec += numw;
4099 			    }
4100 			    msg_start();
4101 			    for (i = 0; i < (long)sc; ++i)
4102 				msg_putchar(' ');
4103 			    for ( ; i <= (long)ec; ++i)
4104 				msg_putchar('^');
4105 
4106 			    resp = getexmodeline('?', NULL, 0, TRUE);
4107 			    if (resp != NULL)
4108 			    {
4109 				typed = *resp;
4110 				vim_free(resp);
4111 			    }
4112 			}
4113 			else
4114 			{
4115 			    char_u *orig_line = NULL;
4116 			    int    len_change = 0;
4117 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
4118 			    int save_p_fen = curwin->w_p_fen;
4119 
4120 			    curwin->w_p_fen = FALSE;
4121 #endif
4122 			    // Invert the matched string.
4123 			    // Remove the inversion afterwards.
4124 			    temp = RedrawingDisabled;
4125 			    RedrawingDisabled = 0;
4126 
4127 			    if (new_start != NULL)
4128 			    {
4129 				// There already was a substitution, we would
4130 				// like to show this to the user.  We cannot
4131 				// really update the line, it would change
4132 				// what matches.  Temporarily replace the line
4133 				// and change it back afterwards.
4134 				orig_line = vim_strsave(ml_get(lnum));
4135 				if (orig_line != NULL)
4136 				{
4137 				    char_u *new_line = concat_str(new_start,
4138 						     sub_firstline + copycol);
4139 
4140 				    if (new_line == NULL)
4141 					VIM_CLEAR(orig_line);
4142 				    else
4143 				    {
4144 					// Position the cursor relative to the
4145 					// end of the line, the previous
4146 					// substitute may have inserted or
4147 					// deleted characters before the
4148 					// cursor.
4149 					len_change = (int)STRLEN(new_line)
4150 						     - (int)STRLEN(orig_line);
4151 					curwin->w_cursor.col += len_change;
4152 					ml_replace(lnum, new_line, FALSE);
4153 				    }
4154 				}
4155 			    }
4156 
4157 			    search_match_lines = regmatch.endpos[0].lnum
4158 						  - regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
4159 			    search_match_endcol = regmatch.endpos[0].col
4160 								 + len_change;
4161 			    highlight_match = TRUE;
4162 
4163 			    update_topline();
4164 			    validate_cursor();
4165 			    update_screen(SOME_VALID);
4166 			    highlight_match = FALSE;
4167 			    redraw_later(SOME_VALID);
4168 
4169 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
4170 			    curwin->w_p_fen = save_p_fen;
4171 #endif
4172 			    if (msg_row == Rows - 1)
4173 				msg_didout = FALSE;	// avoid a scroll-up
4174 			    msg_starthere();
4175 			    i = msg_scroll;
4176 			    msg_scroll = 0;		// truncate msg when
4177 							// needed
4178 			    msg_no_more = TRUE;
4179 			    // write message same highlighting as for
4180 			    // wait_return
4181 			    smsg_attr(HL_ATTR(HLF_R),
4182 				_("replace with %s (y/n/a/q/l/^E/^Y)?"), sub);
4183 			    msg_no_more = FALSE;
4184 			    msg_scroll = i;
4185 			    showruler(TRUE);
4186 			    windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
4187 			    RedrawingDisabled = temp;
4188 
4189 #ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
4190 			    dont_scroll = FALSE; // allow scrolling here
4191 #endif
4192 			    ++no_mapping;	// don't map this key
4193 			    ++allow_keys;	// allow special keys
4194 			    typed = plain_vgetc();
4195 			    --allow_keys;
4196 			    --no_mapping;
4197 
4198 			    // clear the question
4199 			    msg_didout = FALSE;	// don't scroll up
4200 			    msg_col = 0;
4201 			    gotocmdline(TRUE);
4202 
4203 			    // restore the line
4204 			    if (orig_line != NULL)
4205 				ml_replace(lnum, orig_line, FALSE);
4206 			}
4207 
4208 			need_wait_return = FALSE; // no hit-return prompt
4209 			if (typed == 'q' || typed == ESC || typed == Ctrl_C
4210 #ifdef UNIX
4211 				|| typed == intr_char
4212 #endif
4213 				)
4214 			{
4215 			    got_quit = TRUE;
4216 			    break;
4217 			}
4218 			if (typed == 'n')
4219 			    break;
4220 			if (typed == 'y')
4221 			    break;
4222 			if (typed == 'l')
4223 			{
4224 			    // last: replace and then stop
4225 			    subflags.do_all = FALSE;
4226 			    line2 = lnum;
4227 			    break;
4228 			}
4229 			if (typed == 'a')
4230 			{
4231 			    subflags.do_ask = FALSE;
4232 			    break;
4233 			}
4234 			if (typed == Ctrl_E)
4235 			    scrollup_clamp();
4236 			else if (typed == Ctrl_Y)
4237 			    scrolldown_clamp();
4238 		    }
4239 		    State = save_State;
4240 		    setmouse();
4241 		    if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_UNDO) != NULL)
4242 			--no_u_sync;
4243 
4244 		    if (typed == 'n')
4245 		    {
4246 			// For a multi-line match, put matchcol at the NUL at
4247 			// the end of the line and set nmatch to one, so that
4248 			// we continue looking for a match on the next line.
4249 			// Avoids that ":%s/\nB\@=//gc" and ":%s/\n/,\r/gc"
4250 			// get stuck when pressing 'n'.
4251 			if (nmatch > 1)
4252 			{
4253 			    matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline);
4254 			    skip_match = TRUE;
4255 			}
4256 			goto skip;
4257 		    }
4258 		    if (got_quit)
4259 			goto skip;
4260 		}
4261 
4262 		// Move the cursor to the start of the match, so that we can
4263 		// use "\=col(".").
4264 		curwin->w_cursor.col = regmatch.startpos[0].col;
4265 
4266 		/*
4267 		 * 3. substitute the string.
4268 		 */
4269 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
4270 		save_ma = curbuf->b_p_ma;
4271 		if (subflags.do_count)
4272 		{
4273 		    // prevent accidentally changing the buffer by a function
4274 		    curbuf->b_p_ma = FALSE;
4275 		    sandbox++;
4276 		}
4277 		// Save flags for recursion.  They can change for e.g.
4278 		// :s/^/\=execute("s#^##gn")
4279 		subflags_save = subflags;
4280 #endif
4281 		// get length of substitution part
4282 		sublen = vim_regsub_multi(&regmatch,
4283 				    sub_firstlnum - regmatch.startpos[0].lnum,
4284 				    sub, sub_firstline, FALSE, p_magic, TRUE);
4285 #ifdef FEAT_EVAL
4286 		// If getting the substitute string caused an error, don't do
4287 		// the replacement.
4288 		// Don't keep flags set by a recursive call.
4289 		subflags = subflags_save;
4290 		if (aborting() || subflags.do_count)
4291 		{
4292 		    curbuf->b_p_ma = save_ma;
4293 		    if (sandbox > 0)
4294 			sandbox--;
4295 		    goto skip;
4296 		}
4297 #endif
4298 
4299 		// When the match included the "$" of the last line it may
4300 		// go beyond the last line of the buffer.
4301 		if (nmatch > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - sub_firstlnum + 1)
4302 		{
4303 		    nmatch = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - sub_firstlnum + 1;
4304 		    skip_match = TRUE;
4305 		}
4306 
4307 		// Need room for:
4308 		// - result so far in new_start (not for first sub in line)
4309 		// - original text up to match
4310 		// - length of substituted part
4311 		// - original text after match
4312 		// Adjust text properties here, since we have all information
4313 		// needed.
4314 		if (nmatch == 1)
4315 		{
4316 		    p1 = sub_firstline;
4317 #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
4318 		    if (curbuf->b_has_textprop)
4319 		    {
4320 			int bytes_added = sublen - 1 - (regmatch.endpos[0].col
4321 						   - regmatch.startpos[0].col);
4322 
4323 			// When text properties are changed, need to save for
4324 			// undo first, unless done already.
4325 			if (adjust_prop_columns(lnum,
4326 					total_added + regmatch.startpos[0].col,
4327 						       bytes_added, apc_flags))
4328 			    apc_flags &= ~APC_SAVE_FOR_UNDO;
4329 			// Offset for column byte number of the text property
4330 			// in the resulting buffer afterwards.
4331 			total_added += bytes_added;
4332 		    }
4333 #endif
4334 		}
4335 		else
4336 		{
4337 		    p1 = ml_get(sub_firstlnum + nmatch - 1);
4338 		    nmatch_tl += nmatch - 1;
4339 		}
4340 		copy_len = regmatch.startpos[0].col - copycol;
4341 		needed_len = copy_len + ((unsigned)STRLEN(p1)
4342 				       - regmatch.endpos[0].col) + sublen + 1;
4343 		if (new_start == NULL)
4344 		{
4345 		    /*
4346 		     * Get some space for a temporary buffer to do the
4347 		     * substitution into (and some extra space to avoid
4348 		     * too many calls to alloc()/free()).
4349 		     */
4350 		    new_start_len = needed_len + 50;
4351 		    if ((new_start = alloc(new_start_len)) == NULL)
4352 			goto outofmem;
4353 		    *new_start = NUL;
4354 		    new_end = new_start;
4355 		}
4356 		else
4357 		{
4358 		    /*
4359 		     * Check if the temporary buffer is long enough to do the
4360 		     * substitution into.  If not, make it larger (with a bit
4361 		     * extra to avoid too many calls to alloc()/free()).
4362 		     */
4363 		    len = (unsigned)STRLEN(new_start);
4364 		    needed_len += len;
4365 		    if (needed_len > (int)new_start_len)
4366 		    {
4367 			new_start_len = needed_len + 50;
4368 			if ((p1 = alloc(new_start_len)) == NULL)
4369 			{
4370 			    vim_free(new_start);
4371 			    goto outofmem;
4372 			}
4373 			mch_memmove(p1, new_start, (size_t)(len + 1));
4374 			vim_free(new_start);
4375 			new_start = p1;
4376 		    }
4377 		    new_end = new_start + len;
4378 		}
4379 
4380 		/*
4381 		 * copy the text up to the part that matched
4382 		 */
4383 		mch_memmove(new_end, sub_firstline + copycol, (size_t)copy_len);
4384 		new_end += copy_len;
4385 
4386 		(void)vim_regsub_multi(&regmatch,
4387 				    sub_firstlnum - regmatch.startpos[0].lnum,
4388 					   sub, new_end, TRUE, p_magic, TRUE);
4389 		sub_nsubs++;
4390 		did_sub = TRUE;
4391 
4392 		// Move the cursor to the start of the line, to avoid that it
4393 		// is beyond the end of the line after the substitution.
4394 		curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
4395 
4396 		// For a multi-line match, make a copy of the last matched
4397 		// line and continue in that one.
4398 		if (nmatch > 1)
4399 		{
4400 		    sub_firstlnum += nmatch - 1;
4401 		    vim_free(sub_firstline);
4402 		    sub_firstline = vim_strsave(ml_get(sub_firstlnum));
4403 		    // When going beyond the last line, stop substituting.
4404 		    if (sub_firstlnum <= line2)
4405 			do_again = TRUE;
4406 		    else
4407 			subflags.do_all = FALSE;
4408 		}
4409 
4410 		// Remember next character to be copied.
4411 		copycol = regmatch.endpos[0].col;
4412 
4413 		if (skip_match)
4414 		{
4415 		    // Already hit end of the buffer, sub_firstlnum is one
4416 		    // less than what it ought to be.
4417 		    vim_free(sub_firstline);
4418 		    sub_firstline = vim_strsave((char_u *)"");
4419 		    copycol = 0;
4420 		}
4421 
4422 		/*
4423 		 * Now the trick is to replace CTRL-M chars with a real line
4424 		 * break.  This would make it impossible to insert a CTRL-M in
4425 		 * the text.  The line break can be avoided by preceding the
4426 		 * CTRL-M with a backslash.  To be able to insert a backslash,
4427 		 * they must be doubled in the string and are halved here.
4428 		 * That is Vi compatible.
4429 		 */
4430 		for (p1 = new_end; *p1; ++p1)
4431 		{
4432 		    if (p1[0] == '\\' && p1[1] != NUL)  // remove backslash
4433 		    {
4434 			STRMOVE(p1, p1 + 1);
4435 #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
4436 			if (curbuf->b_has_textprop)
4437 			{
4438 			    // When text properties are changed, need to save
4439 			    // for undo first, unless done already.
4440 			    if (adjust_prop_columns(lnum,
4441 					(colnr_T)(p1 - new_start), -1,
4442 					apc_flags))
4443 				apc_flags &= ~APC_SAVE_FOR_UNDO;
4444 			}
4445 #endif
4446 		    }
4447 		    else if (*p1 == CAR)
4448 		    {
4449 			if (u_inssub(lnum) == OK)   // prepare for undo
4450 			{
4451 			    colnr_T	plen = (colnr_T)(p1 - new_start + 1);
4452 
4453 			    *p1 = NUL;		    // truncate up to the CR
4454 			    ml_append(lnum - 1, new_start, plen, FALSE);
4455 			    mark_adjust(lnum + 1, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, 1L, 0L);
4456 			    if (subflags.do_ask)
4457 				appended_lines(lnum - 1, 1L);
4458 			    else
4459 			    {
4460 				if (first_line == 0)
4461 				    first_line = lnum;
4462 				last_line = lnum + 1;
4463 			    }
4464 #ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
4465 			    adjust_props_for_split(lnum + 1, lnum, plen, 1);
4466 #endif
4467 			    // all line numbers increase
4468 			    ++sub_firstlnum;
4469 			    ++lnum;
4470 			    ++line2;
4471 			    // move the cursor to the new line, like Vi
4472 			    ++curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
4473 			    // copy the rest
4474 			    STRMOVE(new_start, p1 + 1);
4475 			    p1 = new_start - 1;
4476 			}
4477 		    }
4478 		    else if (has_mbyte)
4479 			p1 += (*mb_ptr2len)(p1) - 1;
4480 		}
4481 
4482 		/*
4483 		 * 4. If do_all is set, find next match.
4484 		 * Prevent endless loop with patterns that match empty
4485 		 * strings, e.g. :s/$/pat/g or :s/[a-z]* /(&)/g.
4486 		 * But ":s/\n/#/" is OK.
4487 		 */
4488 skip:
4489 		// We already know that we did the last subst when we are at
4490 		// the end of the line, except that a pattern like
4491 		// "bar\|\nfoo" may match at the NUL.  "lnum" can be below
4492 		// "line2" when there is a \zs in the pattern after a line
4493 		// break.
4494 		lastone = (skip_match
4495 			|| got_int
4496 			|| got_quit
4497 			|| lnum > line2
4498 			|| !(subflags.do_all || do_again)
4499 			|| (sub_firstline[matchcol] == NUL && nmatch <= 1
4500 					 && !re_multiline(regmatch.regprog)));
4501 		nmatch = -1;
4502 
4503 		/*
4504 		 * Replace the line in the buffer when needed.  This is
4505 		 * skipped when there are more matches.
4506 		 * The check for nmatch_tl is needed for when multi-line
4507 		 * matching must replace the lines before trying to do another
4508 		 * match, otherwise "\@<=" won't work.
4509 		 * When the match starts below where we start searching also
4510 		 * need to replace the line first (using \zs after \n).
4511 		 */
4512 		if (lastone
4513 			|| nmatch_tl > 0
4514 			|| (nmatch = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin,
4515 							curbuf, sub_firstlnum,
4516 						    matchcol, NULL, NULL)) == 0
4517 			|| regmatch.startpos[0].lnum > 0)
4518 		{
4519 		    if (new_start != NULL)
4520 		    {
4521 			/*
4522 			 * Copy the rest of the line, that didn't match.
4523 			 * "matchcol" has to be adjusted, we use the end of
4524 			 * the line as reference, because the substitute may
4525 			 * have changed the number of characters.  Same for
4526 			 * "prev_matchcol".
4527 			 */
4528 			STRCAT(new_start, sub_firstline + copycol);
4529 			matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline) - matchcol;
4530 			prev_matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline)
4531 							      - prev_matchcol;
4532 
4533 			if (u_savesub(lnum) != OK)
4534 			    break;
4535 			ml_replace(lnum, new_start, TRUE);
4536 
4537 			if (nmatch_tl > 0)
4538 			{
4539 			    /*
4540 			     * Matched lines have now been substituted and are
4541 			     * useless, delete them.  The part after the match
4542 			     * has been appended to new_start, we don't need
4543 			     * it in the buffer.
4544 			     */
4545 			    ++lnum;
4546 			    if (u_savedel(lnum, nmatch_tl) != OK)
4547 				break;
4548 			    for (i = 0; i < nmatch_tl; ++i)
4549 				ml_delete(lnum, (int)FALSE);
4550 			    mark_adjust(lnum, lnum + nmatch_tl - 1,
4551 						   (long)MAXLNUM, -nmatch_tl);
4552 			    if (subflags.do_ask)
4553 				deleted_lines(lnum, nmatch_tl);
4554 			    --lnum;
4555 			    line2 -= nmatch_tl; // nr of lines decreases
4556 			    nmatch_tl = 0;
4557 			}
4558 
4559 			// When asking, undo is saved each time, must also set
4560 			// changed flag each time.
4561 			if (subflags.do_ask)
4562 			    changed_bytes(lnum, 0);
4563 			else
4564 			{
4565 			    if (first_line == 0)
4566 				first_line = lnum;
4567 			    last_line = lnum + 1;
4568 			}
4569 
4570 			sub_firstlnum = lnum;
4571 			vim_free(sub_firstline);    // free the temp buffer
4572 			sub_firstline = new_start;
4573 			new_start = NULL;
4574 			matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline) - matchcol;
4575 			prev_matchcol = (colnr_T)STRLEN(sub_firstline)
4576 							      - prev_matchcol;
4577 			copycol = 0;
4578 		    }
4579 		    if (nmatch == -1 && !lastone)
4580 			nmatch = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf,
4581 					  sub_firstlnum, matchcol, NULL, NULL);
4582 
4583 		    /*
4584 		     * 5. break if there isn't another match in this line
4585 		     */
4586 		    if (nmatch <= 0)
4587 		    {
4588 			// If the match found didn't start where we were
4589 			// searching, do the next search in the line where we
4590 			// found the match.
4591 			if (nmatch == -1)
4592 			    lnum -= regmatch.startpos[0].lnum;
4593 			break;
4594 		    }
4595 		}
4596 
4597 		line_breakcheck();
4598 	    }
4599 
4600 	    if (did_sub)
4601 		++sub_nlines;
4602 	    vim_free(new_start);	// for when substitute was cancelled
4603 	    VIM_CLEAR(sub_firstline);	// free the copy of the original line
4604 	}
4605 
4606 	line_breakcheck();
4607     }
4608 
4609     if (first_line != 0)
4610     {
4611 	// Need to subtract the number of added lines from "last_line" to get
4612 	// the line number before the change (same as adding the number of
4613 	// deleted lines).
4614 	i = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - old_line_count;
4615 	changed_lines(first_line, 0, last_line - i, i);
4616     }
4617 
4618 outofmem:
4619     vim_free(sub_firstline); // may have to free allocated copy of the line
4620 
4621     // ":s/pat//n" doesn't move the cursor
4622     if (subflags.do_count)
4623 	curwin->w_cursor = old_cursor;
4624 
4625     if (sub_nsubs > start_nsubs)
4626     {
4627 	if (!cmdmod.lockmarks)
4628 	{
4629 	    // Set the '[ and '] marks.
4630 	    curbuf->b_op_start.lnum = eap->line1;
4631 	    curbuf->b_op_end.lnum = line2;
4632 	    curbuf->b_op_start.col = curbuf->b_op_end.col = 0;
4633 	}
4634 
4635 	if (!global_busy)
4636 	{
4637 	    // when interactive leave cursor on the match
4638 	    if (!subflags.do_ask)
4639 	    {
4640 		if (endcolumn)
4641 		    coladvance((colnr_T)MAXCOL);
4642 		else
4643 		    beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
4644 	    }
4645 	    if (!do_sub_msg(subflags.do_count) && subflags.do_ask)
4646 		msg("");
4647 	}
4648 	else
4649 	    global_need_beginline = TRUE;
4650 	if (subflags.do_print)
4651 	    print_line(curwin->w_cursor.lnum,
4652 					 subflags.do_number, subflags.do_list);
4653     }
4654     else if (!global_busy)
4655     {
4656 	if (got_int)		// interrupted
4657 	    emsg(_(e_interr));
4658 	else if (got_match)	// did find something but nothing substituted
4659 	    msg("");
4660 	else if (subflags.do_error)	// nothing found
4661 	    semsg(_(e_patnotf2), get_search_pat());
4662     }
4663 
4664 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
4665     if (subflags.do_ask && hasAnyFolding(curwin))
4666 	// Cursor position may require updating
4667 	changed_window_setting();
4668 #endif
4669 
4670     vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
4671 
4672     // Restore the flag values, they can be used for ":&&".
4673     subflags.do_all = save_do_all;
4674     subflags.do_ask = save_do_ask;
4675 }
4676 
4677 /*
4678  * Give message for number of substitutions.
4679  * Can also be used after a ":global" command.
4680  * Return TRUE if a message was given.
4681  */
4682     int
4683 do_sub_msg(
4684     int	    count_only)		// used 'n' flag for ":s"
4685 {
4686     /*
4687      * Only report substitutions when:
4688      * - more than 'report' substitutions
4689      * - command was typed by user, or number of changed lines > 'report'
4690      * - giving messages is not disabled by 'lazyredraw'
4691      */
4692     if (((sub_nsubs > p_report && (KeyTyped || sub_nlines > 1 || p_report < 1))
4693 		|| count_only)
4694 	    && messaging())
4695     {
4696 	char	*msg_single;
4697 	char	*msg_plural;
4698 
4699 	if (got_int)
4700 	    STRCPY(msg_buf, _("(Interrupted) "));
4701 	else
4702 	    *msg_buf = NUL;
4703 
4704 	msg_single = count_only
4705 		    ? NGETTEXT("%ld match on %ld line",
4706 					  "%ld matches on %ld line", sub_nsubs)
4707 		    : NGETTEXT("%ld substitution on %ld line",
4708 				   "%ld substitutions on %ld line", sub_nsubs);
4709 	msg_plural = count_only
4710 		    ? NGETTEXT("%ld match on %ld lines",
4711 					 "%ld matches on %ld lines", sub_nsubs)
4712 		    : NGETTEXT("%ld substitution on %ld lines",
4713 				  "%ld substitutions on %ld lines", sub_nsubs);
4714 
4715 	vim_snprintf_add(msg_buf, sizeof(msg_buf),
4716 				 NGETTEXT(msg_single, msg_plural, sub_nlines),
4717 				 sub_nsubs, (long)sub_nlines);
4718 
4719 	if (msg(msg_buf))
4720 	    // save message to display it after redraw
4721 	    set_keep_msg((char_u *)msg_buf, 0);
4722 	return TRUE;
4723     }
4724     if (got_int)
4725     {
4726 	emsg(_(e_interr));
4727 	return TRUE;
4728     }
4729     return FALSE;
4730 }
4731 
4732     static void
4733 global_exe_one(char_u *cmd, linenr_T lnum)
4734 {
4735     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
4736     curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
4737     if (*cmd == NUL || *cmd == '\n')
4738 	do_cmdline((char_u *)"p", NULL, NULL, DOCMD_NOWAIT);
4739     else
4740 	do_cmdline(cmd, NULL, NULL, DOCMD_NOWAIT);
4741 }
4742 
4743 /*
4744  * Execute a global command of the form:
4745  *
4746  * g/pattern/X : execute X on all lines where pattern matches
4747  * v/pattern/X : execute X on all lines where pattern does not match
4748  *
4749  * where 'X' is an EX command
4750  *
4751  * The command character (as well as the trailing slash) is optional, and
4752  * is assumed to be 'p' if missing.
4753  *
4754  * This is implemented in two passes: first we scan the file for the pattern and
4755  * set a mark for each line that (not) matches. Secondly we execute the command
4756  * for each line that has a mark. This is required because after deleting
4757  * lines we do not know where to search for the next match.
4758  */
4759     void
4760 ex_global(exarg_T *eap)
4761 {
4762     linenr_T	lnum;		// line number according to old situation
4763     int		ndone = 0;
4764     int		type;		// first char of cmd: 'v' or 'g'
4765     char_u	*cmd;		// command argument
4766 
4767     char_u	delim;		// delimiter, normally '/'
4768     char_u	*pat;
4769     regmmatch_T	regmatch;
4770     int		match;
4771     int		which_pat;
4772 
4773     // When nesting the command works on one line.  This allows for
4774     // ":g/found/v/notfound/command".
4775     if (global_busy && (eap->line1 != 1
4776 				  || eap->line2 != curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count))
4777     {
4778 	// will increment global_busy to break out of the loop
4779 	emsg(_("E147: Cannot do :global recursive with a range"));
4780 	return;
4781     }
4782 
4783     if (eap->forceit)		    // ":global!" is like ":vglobal"
4784 	type = 'v';
4785     else
4786 	type = *eap->cmd;
4787     cmd = eap->arg;
4788     which_pat = RE_LAST;	    // default: use last used regexp
4789 
4790     /*
4791      * undocumented vi feature:
4792      *	"\/" and "\?": use previous search pattern.
4793      *		 "\&": use previous substitute pattern.
4794      */
4795     if (*cmd == '\\')
4796     {
4797 	++cmd;
4798 	if (vim_strchr((char_u *)"/?&", *cmd) == NULL)
4799 	{
4800 	    emsg(_(e_backslash));
4801 	    return;
4802 	}
4803 	if (*cmd == '&')
4804 	    which_pat = RE_SUBST;	// use previous substitute pattern
4805 	else
4806 	    which_pat = RE_SEARCH;	// use previous search pattern
4807 	++cmd;
4808 	pat = (char_u *)"";
4809     }
4810     else if (*cmd == NUL)
4811     {
4812 	emsg(_("E148: Regular expression missing from global"));
4813 	return;
4814     }
4815     else
4816     {
4817 	delim = *cmd;		// get the delimiter
4818 	if (delim)
4819 	    ++cmd;		// skip delimiter if there is one
4820 	pat = cmd;		// remember start of pattern
4821 	cmd = skip_regexp(cmd, delim, p_magic, &eap->arg);
4822 	if (cmd[0] == delim)		    // end delimiter found
4823 	    *cmd++ = NUL;		    // replace it with a NUL
4824     }
4825 
4826     if (search_regcomp(pat, RE_BOTH, which_pat, SEARCH_HIS, &regmatch) == FAIL)
4827     {
4828 	emsg(_(e_invcmd));
4829 	return;
4830     }
4831 
4832     if (global_busy)
4833     {
4834 	lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
4835 	match = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf, lnum,
4836 						       (colnr_T)0, NULL, NULL);
4837 	if ((type == 'g' && match) || (type == 'v' && !match))
4838 	    global_exe_one(cmd, lnum);
4839     }
4840     else
4841     {
4842 	/*
4843 	 * pass 1: set marks for each (not) matching line
4844 	 */
4845 	for (lnum = eap->line1; lnum <= eap->line2 && !got_int; ++lnum)
4846 	{
4847 	    // a match on this line?
4848 	    match = vim_regexec_multi(&regmatch, curwin, curbuf, lnum,
4849 						       (colnr_T)0, NULL, NULL);
4850 	    if ((type == 'g' && match) || (type == 'v' && !match))
4851 	    {
4852 		ml_setmarked(lnum);
4853 		ndone++;
4854 	    }
4855 	    line_breakcheck();
4856 	}
4857 
4858 	/*
4859 	 * pass 2: execute the command for each line that has been marked
4860 	 */
4861 	if (got_int)
4862 	    msg(_(e_interr));
4863 	else if (ndone == 0)
4864 	{
4865 	    if (type == 'v')
4866 		smsg(_("Pattern found in every line: %s"), pat);
4867 	    else
4868 		smsg(_("Pattern not found: %s"), pat);
4869 	}
4870 	else
4871 	{
4872 #ifdef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
4873 	    start_global_changes();
4874 #endif
4875 	    global_exe(cmd);
4876 #ifdef FEAT_CLIPBOARD
4877 	    end_global_changes();
4878 #endif
4879 	}
4880 
4881 	ml_clearmarked();	   // clear rest of the marks
4882     }
4883 
4884     vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
4885 }
4886 
4887 /*
4888  * Execute "cmd" on lines marked with ml_setmarked().
4889  */
4890     void
4891 global_exe(char_u *cmd)
4892 {
4893     linenr_T old_lcount;	// b_ml.ml_line_count before the command
4894     buf_T    *old_buf = curbuf;	// remember what buffer we started in
4895     linenr_T lnum;		// line number according to old situation
4896 
4897     /*
4898      * Set current position only once for a global command.
4899      * If global_busy is set, setpcmark() will not do anything.
4900      * If there is an error, global_busy will be incremented.
4901      */
4902     setpcmark();
4903 
4904     // When the command writes a message, don't overwrite the command.
4905     msg_didout = TRUE;
4906 
4907     sub_nsubs = 0;
4908     sub_nlines = 0;
4909     global_need_beginline = FALSE;
4910     global_busy = 1;
4911     old_lcount = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
4912     while (!got_int && (lnum = ml_firstmarked()) != 0 && global_busy == 1)
4913     {
4914 	global_exe_one(cmd, lnum);
4915 	ui_breakcheck();
4916     }
4917 
4918     global_busy = 0;
4919     if (global_need_beginline)
4920 	beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
4921     else
4922 	check_cursor();	// cursor may be beyond the end of the line
4923 
4924     // the cursor may not have moved in the text but a change in a previous
4925     // line may move it on the screen
4926     changed_line_abv_curs();
4927 
4928     // If it looks like no message was written, allow overwriting the
4929     // command with the report for number of changes.
4930     if (msg_col == 0 && msg_scrolled == 0)
4931 	msg_didout = FALSE;
4932 
4933     // If substitutes done, report number of substitutes, otherwise report
4934     // number of extra or deleted lines.
4935     // Don't report extra or deleted lines in the edge case where the buffer
4936     // we are in after execution is different from the buffer we started in.
4937     if (!do_sub_msg(FALSE) && curbuf == old_buf)
4938 	msgmore(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - old_lcount);
4939 }
4940 
4941 #ifdef FEAT_VIMINFO
4942 /*
4943  * Get the previous substitute pattern.
4944  */
4945     char_u *
4946 get_old_sub(void)
4947 {
4948     return old_sub;
4949 }
4950 
4951 /*
4952  * Set the previous substitute pattern.  "val" must be allocated.
4953  */
4954     void
4955 set_old_sub(char_u *val)
4956 {
4957     vim_free(old_sub);
4958     old_sub = val;
4959 }
4960 #endif // FEAT_VIMINFO
4961 
4962 #if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
4963     void
4964 free_old_sub(void)
4965 {
4966     vim_free(old_sub);
4967 }
4968 #endif
4969 
4970 #if defined(FEAT_QUICKFIX) || defined(PROTO)
4971 /*
4972  * Set up for a tagpreview.
4973  * Makes the preview window the current window.
4974  * Return TRUE when it was created.
4975  */
4976     int
4977 prepare_tagpreview(
4978     int		undo_sync,	    // sync undo when leaving the window
4979     int		use_previewpopup,   // use popup if 'previewpopup' set
4980     use_popup_T	use_popup)	    // use other popup window
4981 {
4982     win_T	*wp;
4983 
4984 # ifdef FEAT_GUI
4985     need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
4986 # endif
4987 
4988     /*
4989      * If there is already a preview window open, use that one.
4990      */
4991     if (!curwin->w_p_pvw)
4992     {
4993 # ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
4994 	if (use_previewpopup && *p_pvp != NUL)
4995 	{
4996 	    wp = popup_find_preview_window();
4997 	    if (wp != NULL)
4998 		popup_set_wantpos_cursor(wp, wp->w_minwidth, NULL);
4999 	}
5000 	else if (use_popup != USEPOPUP_NONE)
5001 	{
5002 	    wp = popup_find_info_window();
5003 	    if (wp != NULL)
5004 	    {
5005 		if (use_popup == USEPOPUP_NORMAL)
5006 		    popup_show(wp);
5007 		else
5008 		    popup_hide(wp);
5009 		// When the popup moves or resizes it may reveal part of
5010 		// another window.  TODO: can this be done more efficiently?
5011 		redraw_all_later(NOT_VALID);
5012 	    }
5013 	}
5014 	else
5015 # endif
5016 	{
5017 	    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
5018 		if (wp->w_p_pvw)
5019 		    break;
5020 	}
5021 	if (wp != NULL)
5022 	    win_enter(wp, undo_sync);
5023 	else
5024 	{
5025 	    /*
5026 	     * There is no preview window open yet.  Create one.
5027 	     */
5028 # ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
5029 	    if ((use_previewpopup && *p_pvp != NUL)
5030 						 || use_popup != USEPOPUP_NONE)
5031 		return popup_create_preview_window(use_popup != USEPOPUP_NONE);
5032 # endif
5033 	    if (win_split(g_do_tagpreview > 0 ? g_do_tagpreview : 0, 0) == FAIL)
5034 		return FALSE;
5035 	    curwin->w_p_pvw = TRUE;
5036 	    curwin->w_p_wfh = TRUE;
5037 	    RESET_BINDING(curwin);	    // don't take over 'scrollbind'
5038 	    // and 'cursorbind'
5039 # ifdef FEAT_DIFF
5040 	    curwin->w_p_diff = FALSE;	    // no 'diff'
5041 # endif
5042 # ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
5043 	    curwin->w_p_fdc = 0;	    // no 'foldcolumn'
5044 # endif
5045 	    return TRUE;
5046 	}
5047     }
5048     return FALSE;
5049 }
5050 
5051 #endif
5052 
5053 
5054 /*
5055  * ":help": open a read-only window on a help file
5056  */
5057     void
5058 ex_help(exarg_T *eap)
5059 {
5060     char_u	*arg;
5061     char_u	*tag;
5062     FILE	*helpfd;	// file descriptor of help file
5063     int		n;
5064     int		i;
5065     win_T	*wp;
5066     int		num_matches;
5067     char_u	**matches;
5068     char_u	*p;
5069     int		empty_fnum = 0;
5070     int		alt_fnum = 0;
5071     buf_T	*buf;
5072 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
5073     int		len;
5074     char_u	*lang;
5075 #endif
5076 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
5077     int		old_KeyTyped = KeyTyped;
5078 #endif
5079 
5080     if (eap != NULL)
5081     {
5082 	/*
5083 	 * A ":help" command ends at the first LF, or at a '|' that is
5084 	 * followed by some text.  Set nextcmd to the following command.
5085 	 */
5086 	for (arg = eap->arg; *arg; ++arg)
5087 	{
5088 	    if (*arg == '\n' || *arg == '\r'
5089 		    || (*arg == '|' && arg[1] != NUL && arg[1] != '|'))
5090 	    {
5091 		*arg++ = NUL;
5092 		eap->nextcmd = arg;
5093 		break;
5094 	    }
5095 	}
5096 	arg = eap->arg;
5097 
5098 	if (eap->forceit && *arg == NUL && !curbuf->b_help)
5099 	{
5100 	    emsg(_("E478: Don't panic!"));
5101 	    return;
5102 	}
5103 
5104 	if (eap->skip)	    // not executing commands
5105 	    return;
5106     }
5107     else
5108 	arg = (char_u *)"";
5109 
5110     // remove trailing blanks
5111     p = arg + STRLEN(arg) - 1;
5112     while (p > arg && VIM_ISWHITE(*p) && p[-1] != '\\')
5113 	*p-- = NUL;
5114 
5115 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
5116     // Check for a specified language
5117     lang = check_help_lang(arg);
5118 #endif
5119 
5120     // When no argument given go to the index.
5121     if (*arg == NUL)
5122 	arg = (char_u *)"help.txt";
5123 
5124     /*
5125      * Check if there is a match for the argument.
5126      */
5127     n = find_help_tags(arg, &num_matches, &matches,
5128 						 eap != NULL && eap->forceit);
5129 
5130     i = 0;
5131 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
5132     if (n != FAIL && lang != NULL)
5133 	// Find first item with the requested language.
5134 	for (i = 0; i < num_matches; ++i)
5135 	{
5136 	    len = (int)STRLEN(matches[i]);
5137 	    if (len > 3 && matches[i][len - 3] == '@'
5138 				  && STRICMP(matches[i] + len - 2, lang) == 0)
5139 		break;
5140 	}
5141 #endif
5142     if (i >= num_matches || n == FAIL)
5143     {
5144 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
5145 	if (lang != NULL)
5146 	    semsg(_("E661: Sorry, no '%s' help for %s"), lang, arg);
5147 	else
5148 #endif
5149 	    semsg(_("E149: Sorry, no help for %s"), arg);
5150 	if (n != FAIL)
5151 	    FreeWild(num_matches, matches);
5152 	return;
5153     }
5154 
5155     // The first match (in the requested language) is the best match.
5156     tag = vim_strsave(matches[i]);
5157     FreeWild(num_matches, matches);
5158 
5159 #ifdef FEAT_GUI
5160     need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
5161 #endif
5162 
5163     /*
5164      * Re-use an existing help window or open a new one.
5165      * Always open a new one for ":tab help".
5166      */
5167     if (!bt_help(curwin->w_buffer) || cmdmod.tab != 0)
5168     {
5169 	if (cmdmod.tab != 0)
5170 	    wp = NULL;
5171 	else
5172 	    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
5173 		if (bt_help(wp->w_buffer))
5174 		    break;
5175 	if (wp != NULL && wp->w_buffer->b_nwindows > 0)
5176 	    win_enter(wp, TRUE);
5177 	else
5178 	{
5179 	    /*
5180 	     * There is no help window yet.
5181 	     * Try to open the file specified by the "helpfile" option.
5182 	     */
5183 	    if ((helpfd = mch_fopen((char *)p_hf, READBIN)) == NULL)
5184 	    {
5185 		smsg(_("Sorry, help file \"%s\" not found"), p_hf);
5186 		goto erret;
5187 	    }
5188 	    fclose(helpfd);
5189 
5190 	    // Split off help window; put it at far top if no position
5191 	    // specified, the current window is vertically split and
5192 	    // narrow.
5193 	    n = WSP_HELP;
5194 	    if (cmdmod.split == 0 && curwin->w_width != Columns
5195 						  && curwin->w_width < 80)
5196 		n |= WSP_TOP;
5197 	    if (win_split(0, n) == FAIL)
5198 		goto erret;
5199 
5200 	    if (curwin->w_height < p_hh)
5201 		win_setheight((int)p_hh);
5202 
5203 	    /*
5204 	     * Open help file (do_ecmd() will set b_help flag, readfile() will
5205 	     * set b_p_ro flag).
5206 	     * Set the alternate file to the previously edited file.
5207 	     */
5208 	    alt_fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
5209 	    (void)do_ecmd(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, ECMD_LASTL,
5210 			  ECMD_HIDE + ECMD_SET_HELP,
5211 			  NULL);  // buffer is still open, don't store info
5212 	    if (!cmdmod.keepalt)
5213 		curwin->w_alt_fnum = alt_fnum;
5214 	    empty_fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
5215 	}
5216     }
5217 
5218     if (!p_im)
5219 	restart_edit = 0;	    // don't want insert mode in help file
5220 
5221 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
5222     // Restore KeyTyped, setting 'filetype=help' may reset it.
5223     // It is needed for do_tag top open folds under the cursor.
5224     KeyTyped = old_KeyTyped;
5225 #endif
5226 
5227     if (tag != NULL)
5228 	do_tag(tag, DT_HELP, 1, FALSE, TRUE);
5229 
5230     // Delete the empty buffer if we're not using it.  Careful: autocommands
5231     // may have jumped to another window, check that the buffer is not in a
5232     // window.
5233     if (empty_fnum != 0 && curbuf->b_fnum != empty_fnum)
5234     {
5235 	buf = buflist_findnr(empty_fnum);
5236 	if (buf != NULL && buf->b_nwindows == 0)
5237 	    wipe_buffer(buf, TRUE);
5238     }
5239 
5240     // keep the previous alternate file
5241     if (alt_fnum != 0 && curwin->w_alt_fnum == empty_fnum && !cmdmod.keepalt)
5242 	curwin->w_alt_fnum = alt_fnum;
5243 
5244 erret:
5245     vim_free(tag);
5246 }
5247 
5248 /*
5249  * ":helpclose": Close one help window
5250  */
5251     void
5252 ex_helpclose(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
5253 {
5254     win_T *win;
5255 
5256     FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(win)
5257     {
5258 	if (bt_help(win->w_buffer))
5259 	{
5260 	    win_close(win, FALSE);
5261 	    return;
5262 	}
5263     }
5264 }
5265 
5266 #if defined(FEAT_MULTI_LANG) || defined(PROTO)
5267 /*
5268  * In an argument search for a language specifiers in the form "@xx".
5269  * Changes the "@" to NUL if found, and returns a pointer to "xx".
5270  * Returns NULL if not found.
5271  */
5272     char_u *
5273 check_help_lang(char_u *arg)
5274 {
5275     int len = (int)STRLEN(arg);
5276 
5277     if (len >= 3 && arg[len - 3] == '@' && ASCII_ISALPHA(arg[len - 2])
5278 					       && ASCII_ISALPHA(arg[len - 1]))
5279     {
5280 	arg[len - 3] = NUL;		// remove the '@'
5281 	return arg + len - 2;
5282     }
5283     return NULL;
5284 }
5285 #endif
5286 
5287 /*
5288  * Return a heuristic indicating how well the given string matches.  The
5289  * smaller the number, the better the match.  This is the order of priorities,
5290  * from best match to worst match:
5291  *	- Match with least alpha-numeric characters is better.
5292  *	- Match with least total characters is better.
5293  *	- Match towards the start is better.
5294  *	- Match starting with "+" is worse (feature instead of command)
5295  * Assumption is made that the matched_string passed has already been found to
5296  * match some string for which help is requested.  webb.
5297  */
5298     int
5299 help_heuristic(
5300     char_u	*matched_string,
5301     int		offset,			// offset for match
5302     int		wrong_case)		// no matching case
5303 {
5304     int		num_letters;
5305     char_u	*p;
5306 
5307     num_letters = 0;
5308     for (p = matched_string; *p; p++)
5309 	if (ASCII_ISALNUM(*p))
5310 	    num_letters++;
5311 
5312     /*
5313      * Multiply the number of letters by 100 to give it a much bigger
5314      * weighting than the number of characters.
5315      * If there only is a match while ignoring case, add 5000.
5316      * If the match starts in the middle of a word, add 10000 to put it
5317      * somewhere in the last half.
5318      * If the match is more than 2 chars from the start, multiply by 200 to
5319      * put it after matches at the start.
5320      */
5321     if (ASCII_ISALNUM(matched_string[offset]) && offset > 0
5322 				 && ASCII_ISALNUM(matched_string[offset - 1]))
5323 	offset += 10000;
5324     else if (offset > 2)
5325 	offset *= 200;
5326     if (wrong_case)
5327 	offset += 5000;
5328     // Features are less interesting than the subjects themselves, but "+"
5329     // alone is not a feature.
5330     if (matched_string[0] == '+' && matched_string[1] != NUL)
5331 	offset += 100;
5332     return (int)(100 * num_letters + STRLEN(matched_string) + offset);
5333 }
5334 
5335 /*
5336  * Compare functions for qsort() below, that checks the help heuristics number
5337  * that has been put after the tagname by find_tags().
5338  */
5339     static int
5340 help_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2)
5341 {
5342     char    *p1;
5343     char    *p2;
5344     int	    cmp;
5345 
5346     p1 = *(char **)s1 + strlen(*(char **)s1) + 1;
5347     p2 = *(char **)s2 + strlen(*(char **)s2) + 1;
5348 
5349     // Compare by help heuristic number first.
5350     cmp = strcmp(p1, p2);
5351     if (cmp != 0)
5352 	return cmp;
5353 
5354     // Compare by strings as tie-breaker when same heuristic number.
5355     return strcmp(*(char **)s1, *(char **)s2);
5356 }
5357 
5358 /*
5359  * Find all help tags matching "arg", sort them and return in matches[], with
5360  * the number of matches in num_matches.
5361  * The matches will be sorted with a "best" match algorithm.
5362  * When "keep_lang" is TRUE try keeping the language of the current buffer.
5363  */
5364     int
5365 find_help_tags(
5366     char_u	*arg,
5367     int		*num_matches,
5368     char_u	***matches,
5369     int		keep_lang)
5370 {
5371     char_u	*s, *d;
5372     int		i;
5373     static char *(mtable[]) = {"*", "g*", "[*", "]*", ":*",
5374 			       "/*", "/\\*", "\"*", "**",
5375 			       "cpo-*", "/\\(\\)", "/\\%(\\)",
5376 			       "?", ":?", "?<CR>", "g?", "g?g?", "g??",
5377 			       "-?", "q?", "v_g?",
5378 			       "/\\?", "/\\z(\\)", "\\=", ":s\\=",
5379 			       "[count]", "[quotex]",
5380 			       "[range]", ":[range]",
5381 			       "[pattern]", "\\|", "\\%$",
5382 			       "s/\\~", "s/\\U", "s/\\L",
5383 			       "s/\\1", "s/\\2", "s/\\3", "s/\\9"};
5384     static char *(rtable[]) = {"star", "gstar", "[star", "]star", ":star",
5385 			       "/star", "/\\\\star", "quotestar", "starstar",
5386 			       "cpo-star", "/\\\\(\\\\)", "/\\\\%(\\\\)",
5387 			       "?", ":?", "?<CR>", "g?", "g?g?", "g??",
5388 			       "-?", "q?", "v_g?",
5389 			       "/\\\\?", "/\\\\z(\\\\)", "\\\\=", ":s\\\\=",
5390 			       "\\[count]", "\\[quotex]",
5391 			       "\\[range]", ":\\[range]",
5392 			       "\\[pattern]", "\\\\bar", "/\\\\%\\$",
5393 			       "s/\\\\\\~", "s/\\\\U", "s/\\\\L",
5394 			       "s/\\\\1", "s/\\\\2", "s/\\\\3", "s/\\\\9"};
5395     static char *(expr_table[]) = {"!=?", "!~?", "<=?", "<?", "==?", "=~?",
5396 				">=?", ">?", "is?", "isnot?"};
5397     int flags;
5398 
5399     d = IObuff;		    // assume IObuff is long enough!
5400 
5401     if (STRNICMP(arg, "expr-", 5) == 0)
5402     {
5403 	// When the string starting with "expr-" and containing '?' and matches
5404 	// the table, it is taken literally (but ~ is escaped).  Otherwise '?'
5405 	// is recognized as a wildcard.
5406 	for (i = (int)(sizeof(expr_table) / sizeof(char *)); --i >= 0; )
5407 	    if (STRCMP(arg + 5, expr_table[i]) == 0)
5408 	    {
5409 		int si = 0, di = 0;
5410 
5411 		for (;;)
5412 		{
5413 		    if (arg[si] == '~')
5414 			d[di++] = '\\';
5415 		    d[di++] = arg[si];
5416 		    if (arg[si] == NUL)
5417 			break;
5418 		    ++si;
5419 		}
5420 		break;
5421 	    }
5422     }
5423     else
5424     {
5425 	// Recognize a few exceptions to the rule.  Some strings that contain
5426 	// '*' with "star".  Otherwise '*' is recognized as a wildcard.
5427 	for (i = (int)(sizeof(mtable) / sizeof(char *)); --i >= 0; )
5428 	    if (STRCMP(arg, mtable[i]) == 0)
5429 	    {
5430 		STRCPY(d, rtable[i]);
5431 		break;
5432 	    }
5433     }
5434 
5435     if (i < 0)	// no match in table
5436     {
5437 	// Replace "\S" with "/\\S", etc.  Otherwise every tag is matched.
5438 	// Also replace "\%^" and "\%(", they match every tag too.
5439 	// Also "\zs", "\z1", etc.
5440 	// Also "\@<", "\@=", "\@<=", etc.
5441 	// And also "\_$" and "\_^".
5442 	if (arg[0] == '\\'
5443 		&& ((arg[1] != NUL && arg[2] == NUL)
5444 		    || (vim_strchr((char_u *)"%_z@", arg[1]) != NULL
5445 							   && arg[2] != NUL)))
5446 	{
5447 	    STRCPY(d, "/\\\\");
5448 	    STRCPY(d + 3, arg + 1);
5449 	    // Check for "/\\_$", should be "/\\_\$"
5450 	    if (d[3] == '_' && d[4] == '$')
5451 		STRCPY(d + 4, "\\$");
5452 	}
5453 	else
5454 	{
5455 	  // Replace:
5456 	  // "[:...:]" with "\[:...:]"
5457 	  // "[++...]" with "\[++...]"
5458 	  // "\{" with "\\{"		   -- matching "} \}"
5459 	    if ((arg[0] == '[' && (arg[1] == ':'
5460 			 || (arg[1] == '+' && arg[2] == '+')))
5461 		    || (arg[0] == '\\' && arg[1] == '{'))
5462 	      *d++ = '\\';
5463 
5464 	  /*
5465 	   * If tag starts with "('", skip the "(". Fixes CTRL-] on ('option'.
5466 	   */
5467 	  if (*arg == '(' && arg[1] == '\'')
5468 	      arg++;
5469 	  for (s = arg; *s; ++s)
5470 	  {
5471 	    /*
5472 	     * Replace "|" with "bar" and '"' with "quote" to match the name of
5473 	     * the tags for these commands.
5474 	     * Replace "*" with ".*" and "?" with "." to match command line
5475 	     * completion.
5476 	     * Insert a backslash before '~', '$' and '.' to avoid their
5477 	     * special meaning.
5478 	     */
5479 	    if (d - IObuff > IOSIZE - 10)	// getting too long!?
5480 		break;
5481 	    switch (*s)
5482 	    {
5483 		case '|':   STRCPY(d, "bar");
5484 			    d += 3;
5485 			    continue;
5486 		case '"':   STRCPY(d, "quote");
5487 			    d += 5;
5488 			    continue;
5489 		case '*':   *d++ = '.';
5490 			    break;
5491 		case '?':   *d++ = '.';
5492 			    continue;
5493 		case '$':
5494 		case '.':
5495 		case '~':   *d++ = '\\';
5496 			    break;
5497 	    }
5498 
5499 	    /*
5500 	     * Replace "^x" by "CTRL-X". Don't do this for "^_" to make
5501 	     * ":help i_^_CTRL-D" work.
5502 	     * Insert '-' before and after "CTRL-X" when applicable.
5503 	     */
5504 	    if (*s < ' ' || (*s == '^' && s[1] && (ASCII_ISALPHA(s[1])
5505 			   || vim_strchr((char_u *)"?@[\\]^", s[1]) != NULL)))
5506 	    {
5507 		if (d > IObuff && d[-1] != '_' && d[-1] != '\\')
5508 		    *d++ = '_';		// prepend a '_' to make x_CTRL-x
5509 		STRCPY(d, "CTRL-");
5510 		d += 5;
5511 		if (*s < ' ')
5512 		{
5513 #ifdef EBCDIC
5514 		    *d++ = CtrlChar(*s);
5515 #else
5516 		    *d++ = *s + '@';
5517 #endif
5518 		    if (d[-1] == '\\')
5519 			*d++ = '\\';	// double a backslash
5520 		}
5521 		else
5522 		    *d++ = *++s;
5523 		if (s[1] != NUL && s[1] != '_')
5524 		    *d++ = '_';		// append a '_'
5525 		continue;
5526 	    }
5527 	    else if (*s == '^')		// "^" or "CTRL-^" or "^_"
5528 		*d++ = '\\';
5529 
5530 	    /*
5531 	     * Insert a backslash before a backslash after a slash, for search
5532 	     * pattern tags: "/\|" --> "/\\|".
5533 	     */
5534 	    else if (s[0] == '\\' && s[1] != '\\'
5535 					       && *arg == '/' && s == arg + 1)
5536 		*d++ = '\\';
5537 
5538 	    // "CTRL-\_" -> "CTRL-\\_" to avoid the special meaning of "\_" in
5539 	    // "CTRL-\_CTRL-N"
5540 	    if (STRNICMP(s, "CTRL-\\_", 7) == 0)
5541 	    {
5542 		STRCPY(d, "CTRL-\\\\");
5543 		d += 7;
5544 		s += 6;
5545 	    }
5546 
5547 	    *d++ = *s;
5548 
5549 	    /*
5550 	     * If tag contains "({" or "([", tag terminates at the "(".
5551 	     * This is for help on functions, e.g.: abs({expr}).
5552 	     */
5553 	    if (*s == '(' && (s[1] == '{' || s[1] =='['))
5554 		break;
5555 
5556 	    /*
5557 	     * If tag starts with ', toss everything after a second '. Fixes
5558 	     * CTRL-] on 'option'. (would include the trailing '.').
5559 	     */
5560 	    if (*s == '\'' && s > arg && *arg == '\'')
5561 		break;
5562 	    // Also '{' and '}'.
5563 	    if (*s == '}' && s > arg && *arg == '{')
5564 		break;
5565 	  }
5566 	  *d = NUL;
5567 
5568 	  if (*IObuff == '`')
5569 	  {
5570 	      if (d > IObuff + 2 && d[-1] == '`')
5571 	      {
5572 		  // remove the backticks from `command`
5573 		  mch_memmove(IObuff, IObuff + 1, STRLEN(IObuff));
5574 		  d[-2] = NUL;
5575 	      }
5576 	      else if (d > IObuff + 3 && d[-2] == '`' && d[-1] == ',')
5577 	      {
5578 		  // remove the backticks and comma from `command`,
5579 		  mch_memmove(IObuff, IObuff + 1, STRLEN(IObuff));
5580 		  d[-3] = NUL;
5581 	      }
5582 	      else if (d > IObuff + 4 && d[-3] == '`'
5583 					     && d[-2] == '\\' && d[-1] == '.')
5584 	      {
5585 		  // remove the backticks and dot from `command`\.
5586 		  mch_memmove(IObuff, IObuff + 1, STRLEN(IObuff));
5587 		  d[-4] = NUL;
5588 	      }
5589 	  }
5590 	}
5591     }
5592 
5593     *matches = (char_u **)"";
5594     *num_matches = 0;
5595     flags = TAG_HELP | TAG_REGEXP | TAG_NAMES | TAG_VERBOSE | TAG_NO_TAGFUNC;
5596     if (keep_lang)
5597 	flags |= TAG_KEEP_LANG;
5598     if (find_tags(IObuff, num_matches, matches, flags, (int)MAXCOL, NULL) == OK
5599 	    && *num_matches > 0)
5600     {
5601 	// Sort the matches found on the heuristic number that is after the
5602 	// tag name.
5603 	qsort((void *)*matches, (size_t)*num_matches,
5604 					      sizeof(char_u *), help_compare);
5605 	// Delete more than TAG_MANY to reduce the size of the listing.
5606 	while (*num_matches > TAG_MANY)
5607 	    vim_free((*matches)[--*num_matches]);
5608     }
5609     return OK;
5610 }
5611 
5612 /*
5613  * Called when starting to edit a buffer for a help file.
5614  */
5615     static void
5616 prepare_help_buffer(void)
5617 {
5618     char_u	*p;
5619 
5620     curbuf->b_help = TRUE;
5621 #ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
5622     set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"buftype", -1,
5623 				     (char_u *)"help", OPT_FREE|OPT_LOCAL, 0);
5624 #endif
5625 
5626     /*
5627      * Always set these options after jumping to a help tag, because the
5628      * user may have an autocommand that gets in the way.
5629      * Accept all ASCII chars for keywords, except ' ', '*', '"', '|', and
5630      * latin1 word characters (for translated help files).
5631      * Only set it when needed, buf_init_chartab() is some work.
5632      */
5633     p =
5634 #ifdef EBCDIC
5635 	    (char_u *)"65-255,^*,^|,^\"";
5636 #else
5637 	    (char_u *)"!-~,^*,^|,^\",192-255";
5638 #endif
5639     if (STRCMP(curbuf->b_p_isk, p) != 0)
5640     {
5641 	set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"isk", -1, p, OPT_FREE|OPT_LOCAL, 0);
5642 	check_buf_options(curbuf);
5643 	(void)buf_init_chartab(curbuf, FALSE);
5644     }
5645 
5646 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
5647     // Don't use the global foldmethod.
5648     set_string_option_direct((char_u *)"fdm", -1, (char_u *)"manual",
5649 						       OPT_FREE|OPT_LOCAL, 0);
5650 #endif
5651 
5652     curbuf->b_p_ts = 8;		// 'tabstop' is 8
5653     curwin->w_p_list = FALSE;	// no list mode
5654 
5655     curbuf->b_p_ma = FALSE;	// not modifiable
5656     curbuf->b_p_bin = FALSE;	// reset 'bin' before reading file
5657     curwin->w_p_nu = 0;		// no line numbers
5658     curwin->w_p_rnu = 0;	// no relative line numbers
5659     RESET_BINDING(curwin);	// no scroll or cursor binding
5660 #ifdef FEAT_ARABIC
5661     curwin->w_p_arab = FALSE;	// no arabic mode
5662 #endif
5663 #ifdef FEAT_RIGHTLEFT
5664     curwin->w_p_rl  = FALSE;	// help window is left-to-right
5665 #endif
5666 #ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
5667     curwin->w_p_fen = FALSE;	// No folding in the help window
5668 #endif
5669 #ifdef FEAT_DIFF
5670     curwin->w_p_diff = FALSE;	// No 'diff'
5671 #endif
5672 #ifdef FEAT_SPELL
5673     curwin->w_p_spell = FALSE;	// No spell checking
5674 #endif
5675 
5676     set_buflisted(FALSE);
5677 }
5678 
5679 /*
5680  * After reading a help file: May cleanup a help buffer when syntax
5681  * highlighting is not used.
5682  */
5683     void
5684 fix_help_buffer(void)
5685 {
5686     linenr_T	lnum;
5687     char_u	*line;
5688     int		in_example = FALSE;
5689     int		len;
5690     char_u	*fname;
5691     char_u	*p;
5692     char_u	*rt;
5693     int		mustfree;
5694 
5695     // Set filetype to "help" if still needed.
5696     if (STRCMP(curbuf->b_p_ft, "help") != 0)
5697     {
5698 	++curbuf_lock;
5699 	set_option_value((char_u *)"ft", 0L, (char_u *)"help", OPT_LOCAL);
5700 	--curbuf_lock;
5701     }
5702 
5703 #ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
5704     if (!syntax_present(curwin))
5705 #endif
5706     {
5707 	for (lnum = 1; lnum <= curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count; ++lnum)
5708 	{
5709 	    line = ml_get_buf(curbuf, lnum, FALSE);
5710 	    len = (int)STRLEN(line);
5711 	    if (in_example && len > 0 && !VIM_ISWHITE(line[0]))
5712 	    {
5713 		// End of example: non-white or '<' in first column.
5714 		if (line[0] == '<')
5715 		{
5716 		    // blank-out a '<' in the first column
5717 		    line = ml_get_buf(curbuf, lnum, TRUE);
5718 		    line[0] = ' ';
5719 		}
5720 		in_example = FALSE;
5721 	    }
5722 	    if (!in_example && len > 0)
5723 	    {
5724 		if (line[len - 1] == '>' && (len == 1 || line[len - 2] == ' '))
5725 		{
5726 		    // blank-out a '>' in the last column (start of example)
5727 		    line = ml_get_buf(curbuf, lnum, TRUE);
5728 		    line[len - 1] = ' ';
5729 		    in_example = TRUE;
5730 		}
5731 		else if (line[len - 1] == '~')
5732 		{
5733 		    // blank-out a '~' at the end of line (header marker)
5734 		    line = ml_get_buf(curbuf, lnum, TRUE);
5735 		    line[len - 1] = ' ';
5736 		}
5737 	    }
5738 	}
5739     }
5740 
5741     /*
5742      * In the "help.txt" and "help.abx" file, add the locally added help
5743      * files.  This uses the very first line in the help file.
5744      */
5745     fname = gettail(curbuf->b_fname);
5746     if (fnamecmp(fname, "help.txt") == 0
5747 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
5748 	|| (fnamencmp(fname, "help.", 5) == 0
5749 	    && ASCII_ISALPHA(fname[5])
5750 	    && ASCII_ISALPHA(fname[6])
5751 	    && TOLOWER_ASC(fname[7]) == 'x'
5752 	    && fname[8] == NUL)
5753 #endif
5754 	)
5755     {
5756 	for (lnum = 1; lnum < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count; ++lnum)
5757 	{
5758 	    line = ml_get_buf(curbuf, lnum, FALSE);
5759 	    if (strstr((char *)line, "*local-additions*") == NULL)
5760 		continue;
5761 
5762 	    // Go through all directories in 'runtimepath', skipping
5763 	    // $VIMRUNTIME.
5764 	    p = p_rtp;
5765 	    while (*p != NUL)
5766 	    {
5767 		copy_option_part(&p, NameBuff, MAXPATHL, ",");
5768 		mustfree = FALSE;
5769 		rt = vim_getenv((char_u *)"VIMRUNTIME", &mustfree);
5770 		if (rt != NULL &&
5771 			    fullpathcmp(rt, NameBuff, FALSE, TRUE) != FPC_SAME)
5772 		{
5773 		    int		fcount;
5774 		    char_u	**fnames;
5775 		    FILE	*fd;
5776 		    char_u	*s;
5777 		    int		fi;
5778 		    vimconv_T	vc;
5779 		    char_u	*cp;
5780 
5781 		    // Find all "doc/ *.txt" files in this directory.
5782 		    add_pathsep(NameBuff);
5783 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
5784 		    STRCAT(NameBuff, "doc/*.??[tx]");
5785 #else
5786 		    STRCAT(NameBuff, "doc/*.txt");
5787 #endif
5788 		    if (gen_expand_wildcards(1, &NameBuff, &fcount,
5789 					 &fnames, EW_FILE|EW_SILENT) == OK
5790 			    && fcount > 0)
5791 		    {
5792 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
5793 			int	i1, i2;
5794 			char_u	*f1, *f2;
5795 			char_u	*t1, *t2;
5796 			char_u	*e1, *e2;
5797 
5798 			// If foo.abx is found use it instead of foo.txt in
5799 			// the same directory.
5800 			for (i1 = 0; i1 < fcount; ++i1)
5801 			{
5802 			    for (i2 = 0; i2 < fcount; ++i2)
5803 			    {
5804 				if (i1 == i2)
5805 				    continue;
5806 				if (fnames[i1] == NULL || fnames[i2] == NULL)
5807 				    continue;
5808 				f1 = fnames[i1];
5809 				f2 = fnames[i2];
5810 				t1 = gettail(f1);
5811 				t2 = gettail(f2);
5812 				e1 = vim_strrchr(t1, '.');
5813 				e2 = vim_strrchr(t2, '.');
5814 				if (e1 == NULL || e2 == NULL)
5815 				    continue;
5816 				if (fnamecmp(e1, ".txt") != 0
5817 				    && fnamecmp(e1, fname + 4) != 0)
5818 				{
5819 				    // Not .txt and not .abx, remove it.
5820 				    VIM_CLEAR(fnames[i1]);
5821 				    continue;
5822 				}
5823 				if (e1 - f1 != e2 - f2
5824 					    || fnamencmp(f1, f2, e1 - f1) != 0)
5825 				    continue;
5826 				if (fnamecmp(e1, ".txt") == 0
5827 				    && fnamecmp(e2, fname + 4) == 0)
5828 				    // use .abx instead of .txt
5829 				    VIM_CLEAR(fnames[i1]);
5830 			    }
5831 			}
5832 #endif
5833 			for (fi = 0; fi < fcount; ++fi)
5834 			{
5835 			    if (fnames[fi] == NULL)
5836 				continue;
5837 			    fd = mch_fopen((char *)fnames[fi], "r");
5838 			    if (fd != NULL)
5839 			    {
5840 				vim_fgets(IObuff, IOSIZE, fd);
5841 				if (IObuff[0] == '*'
5842 					&& (s = vim_strchr(IObuff + 1, '*'))
5843 								  != NULL)
5844 				{
5845 				    int	this_utf = MAYBE;
5846 
5847 				    // Change tag definition to a
5848 				    // reference and remove <CR>/<NL>.
5849 				    IObuff[0] = '|';
5850 				    *s = '|';
5851 				    while (*s != NUL)
5852 				    {
5853 					if (*s == '\r' || *s == '\n')
5854 					    *s = NUL;
5855 					// The text is utf-8 when a byte
5856 					// above 127 is found and no
5857 					// illegal byte sequence is found.
5858 					if (*s >= 0x80 && this_utf != FALSE)
5859 					{
5860 					    int	l;
5861 
5862 					    this_utf = TRUE;
5863 					    l = utf_ptr2len(s);
5864 					    if (l == 1)
5865 						this_utf = FALSE;
5866 					    s += l - 1;
5867 					}
5868 					++s;
5869 				    }
5870 
5871 				    // The help file is latin1 or utf-8;
5872 				    // conversion to the current
5873 				    // 'encoding' may be required.
5874 				    vc.vc_type = CONV_NONE;
5875 				    convert_setup(&vc, (char_u *)(
5876 						this_utf == TRUE ? "utf-8"
5877 						      : "latin1"), p_enc);
5878 				    if (vc.vc_type == CONV_NONE)
5879 					// No conversion needed.
5880 					cp = IObuff;
5881 				    else
5882 				    {
5883 					// Do the conversion.  If it fails
5884 					// use the unconverted text.
5885 					cp = string_convert(&vc, IObuff,
5886 								    NULL);
5887 					if (cp == NULL)
5888 					    cp = IObuff;
5889 				    }
5890 				    convert_setup(&vc, NULL, NULL);
5891 
5892 				    ml_append(lnum, cp, (colnr_T)0, FALSE);
5893 				    if (cp != IObuff)
5894 					vim_free(cp);
5895 				    ++lnum;
5896 				}
5897 				fclose(fd);
5898 			    }
5899 			}
5900 			FreeWild(fcount, fnames);
5901 		    }
5902 		}
5903 		if (mustfree)
5904 		    vim_free(rt);
5905 	    }
5906 	    break;
5907 	}
5908     }
5909 }
5910 
5911 /*
5912  * ":exusage"
5913  */
5914     void
5915 ex_exusage(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
5916 {
5917     do_cmdline_cmd((char_u *)"help ex-cmd-index");
5918 }
5919 
5920 /*
5921  * ":viusage"
5922  */
5923     void
5924 ex_viusage(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
5925 {
5926     do_cmdline_cmd((char_u *)"help normal-index");
5927 }
5928 
5929 /*
5930  * Generate tags in one help directory.
5931  */
5932     static void
5933 helptags_one(
5934     char_u	*dir,		// doc directory
5935     char_u	*ext,		// suffix, ".txt", ".itx", ".frx", etc.
5936     char_u	*tagfname,	// "tags" for English, "tags-fr" for French.
5937     int		add_help_tags)	// add "help-tags" tag
5938 {
5939     FILE	*fd_tags;
5940     FILE	*fd;
5941     garray_T	ga;
5942     int		filecount;
5943     char_u	**files;
5944     char_u	*p1, *p2;
5945     int		fi;
5946     char_u	*s;
5947     int		i;
5948     char_u	*fname;
5949     int		dirlen;
5950     int		utf8 = MAYBE;
5951     int		this_utf8;
5952     int		firstline;
5953     int		mix = FALSE;	// detected mixed encodings
5954 
5955     /*
5956      * Find all *.txt files.
5957      */
5958     dirlen = (int)STRLEN(dir);
5959     STRCPY(NameBuff, dir);
5960     STRCAT(NameBuff, "/**/*");
5961     STRCAT(NameBuff, ext);
5962     if (gen_expand_wildcards(1, &NameBuff, &filecount, &files,
5963 						    EW_FILE|EW_SILENT) == FAIL
5964 	    || filecount == 0)
5965     {
5966 	if (!got_int)
5967 	    semsg(_("E151: No match: %s"), NameBuff);
5968 	return;
5969     }
5970 
5971     /*
5972      * Open the tags file for writing.
5973      * Do this before scanning through all the files.
5974      */
5975     STRCPY(NameBuff, dir);
5976     add_pathsep(NameBuff);
5977     STRCAT(NameBuff, tagfname);
5978     fd_tags = mch_fopen((char *)NameBuff, "w");
5979     if (fd_tags == NULL)
5980     {
5981 	semsg(_("E152: Cannot open %s for writing"), NameBuff);
5982 	FreeWild(filecount, files);
5983 	return;
5984     }
5985 
5986     /*
5987      * If using the "++t" argument or generating tags for "$VIMRUNTIME/doc"
5988      * add the "help-tags" tag.
5989      */
5990     ga_init2(&ga, (int)sizeof(char_u *), 100);
5991     if (add_help_tags || fullpathcmp((char_u *)"$VIMRUNTIME/doc",
5992 						dir, FALSE, TRUE) == FPC_SAME)
5993     {
5994 	if (ga_grow(&ga, 1) == FAIL)
5995 	    got_int = TRUE;
5996 	else
5997 	{
5998 	    s = alloc(18 + (unsigned)STRLEN(tagfname));
5999 	    if (s == NULL)
6000 		got_int = TRUE;
6001 	    else
6002 	    {
6003 		sprintf((char *)s, "help-tags\t%s\t1\n", tagfname);
6004 		((char_u **)ga.ga_data)[ga.ga_len] = s;
6005 		++ga.ga_len;
6006 	    }
6007 	}
6008     }
6009 
6010     /*
6011      * Go over all the files and extract the tags.
6012      */
6013     for (fi = 0; fi < filecount && !got_int; ++fi)
6014     {
6015 	fd = mch_fopen((char *)files[fi], "r");
6016 	if (fd == NULL)
6017 	{
6018 	    semsg(_("E153: Unable to open %s for reading"), files[fi]);
6019 	    continue;
6020 	}
6021 	fname = files[fi] + dirlen + 1;
6022 
6023 	firstline = TRUE;
6024 	while (!vim_fgets(IObuff, IOSIZE, fd) && !got_int)
6025 	{
6026 	    if (firstline)
6027 	    {
6028 		// Detect utf-8 file by a non-ASCII char in the first line.
6029 		this_utf8 = MAYBE;
6030 		for (s = IObuff; *s != NUL; ++s)
6031 		    if (*s >= 0x80)
6032 		    {
6033 			int l;
6034 
6035 			this_utf8 = TRUE;
6036 			l = utf_ptr2len(s);
6037 			if (l == 1)
6038 			{
6039 			    // Illegal UTF-8 byte sequence.
6040 			    this_utf8 = FALSE;
6041 			    break;
6042 			}
6043 			s += l - 1;
6044 		    }
6045 		if (this_utf8 == MAYBE)	    // only ASCII characters found
6046 		    this_utf8 = FALSE;
6047 		if (utf8 == MAYBE)	    // first file
6048 		    utf8 = this_utf8;
6049 		else if (utf8 != this_utf8)
6050 		{
6051 		    semsg(_("E670: Mix of help file encodings within a language: %s"), files[fi]);
6052 		    mix = !got_int;
6053 		    got_int = TRUE;
6054 		}
6055 		firstline = FALSE;
6056 	    }
6057 	    p1 = vim_strchr(IObuff, '*');	// find first '*'
6058 	    while (p1 != NULL)
6059 	    {
6060 		// Use vim_strbyte() instead of vim_strchr() so that when
6061 		// 'encoding' is dbcs it still works, don't find '*' in the
6062 		// second byte.
6063 		p2 = vim_strbyte(p1 + 1, '*');	// find second '*'
6064 		if (p2 != NULL && p2 > p1 + 1)	// skip "*" and "**"
6065 		{
6066 		    for (s = p1 + 1; s < p2; ++s)
6067 			if (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t' || *s == '|')
6068 			    break;
6069 
6070 		    /*
6071 		     * Only accept a *tag* when it consists of valid
6072 		     * characters, there is white space before it and is
6073 		     * followed by a white character or end-of-line.
6074 		     */
6075 		    if (s == p2
6076 			    && (p1 == IObuff || p1[-1] == ' ' || p1[-1] == '\t')
6077 			    && (vim_strchr((char_u *)" \t\n\r", s[1]) != NULL
6078 				|| s[1] == '\0'))
6079 		    {
6080 			*p2 = '\0';
6081 			++p1;
6082 			if (ga_grow(&ga, 1) == FAIL)
6083 			{
6084 			    got_int = TRUE;
6085 			    break;
6086 			}
6087 			s = alloc(p2 - p1 + STRLEN(fname) + 2);
6088 			if (s == NULL)
6089 			{
6090 			    got_int = TRUE;
6091 			    break;
6092 			}
6093 			((char_u **)ga.ga_data)[ga.ga_len] = s;
6094 			++ga.ga_len;
6095 			sprintf((char *)s, "%s\t%s", p1, fname);
6096 
6097 			// find next '*'
6098 			p2 = vim_strchr(p2 + 1, '*');
6099 		    }
6100 		}
6101 		p1 = p2;
6102 	    }
6103 	    line_breakcheck();
6104 	}
6105 
6106 	fclose(fd);
6107     }
6108 
6109     FreeWild(filecount, files);
6110 
6111     if (!got_int)
6112     {
6113 	/*
6114 	 * Sort the tags.
6115 	 */
6116 	if (ga.ga_data != NULL)
6117 	    sort_strings((char_u **)ga.ga_data, ga.ga_len);
6118 
6119 	/*
6120 	 * Check for duplicates.
6121 	 */
6122 	for (i = 1; i < ga.ga_len; ++i)
6123 	{
6124 	    p1 = ((char_u **)ga.ga_data)[i - 1];
6125 	    p2 = ((char_u **)ga.ga_data)[i];
6126 	    while (*p1 == *p2)
6127 	    {
6128 		if (*p2 == '\t')
6129 		{
6130 		    *p2 = NUL;
6131 		    vim_snprintf((char *)NameBuff, MAXPATHL,
6132 			    _("E154: Duplicate tag \"%s\" in file %s/%s"),
6133 				     ((char_u **)ga.ga_data)[i], dir, p2 + 1);
6134 		    emsg((char *)NameBuff);
6135 		    *p2 = '\t';
6136 		    break;
6137 		}
6138 		++p1;
6139 		++p2;
6140 	    }
6141 	}
6142 
6143 	if (utf8 == TRUE)
6144 	    fprintf(fd_tags, "!_TAG_FILE_ENCODING\tutf-8\t//\n");
6145 
6146 	/*
6147 	 * Write the tags into the file.
6148 	 */
6149 	for (i = 0; i < ga.ga_len; ++i)
6150 	{
6151 	    s = ((char_u **)ga.ga_data)[i];
6152 	    if (STRNCMP(s, "help-tags\t", 10) == 0)
6153 		// help-tags entry was added in formatted form
6154 		fputs((char *)s, fd_tags);
6155 	    else
6156 	    {
6157 		fprintf(fd_tags, "%s\t/*", s);
6158 		for (p1 = s; *p1 != '\t'; ++p1)
6159 		{
6160 		    // insert backslash before '\\' and '/'
6161 		    if (*p1 == '\\' || *p1 == '/')
6162 			putc('\\', fd_tags);
6163 		    putc(*p1, fd_tags);
6164 		}
6165 		fprintf(fd_tags, "*\n");
6166 	    }
6167 	}
6168     }
6169     if (mix)
6170 	got_int = FALSE;    // continue with other languages
6171 
6172     for (i = 0; i < ga.ga_len; ++i)
6173 	vim_free(((char_u **)ga.ga_data)[i]);
6174     ga_clear(&ga);
6175     fclose(fd_tags);	    // there is no check for an error...
6176 }
6177 
6178 /*
6179  * Generate tags in one help directory, taking care of translations.
6180  */
6181     static void
6182 do_helptags(char_u *dirname, int add_help_tags)
6183 {
6184 #ifdef FEAT_MULTI_LANG
6185     int		len;
6186     int		i, j;
6187     garray_T	ga;
6188     char_u	lang[2];
6189     char_u	ext[5];
6190     char_u	fname[8];
6191     int		filecount;
6192     char_u	**files;
6193 
6194     // Get a list of all files in the help directory and in subdirectories.
6195     STRCPY(NameBuff, dirname);
6196     add_pathsep(NameBuff);
6197     STRCAT(NameBuff, "**");
6198     if (gen_expand_wildcards(1, &NameBuff, &filecount, &files,
6199 						    EW_FILE|EW_SILENT) == FAIL
6200 	    || filecount == 0)
6201     {
6202 	semsg(_("E151: No match: %s"), NameBuff);
6203 	return;
6204     }
6205 
6206     // Go over all files in the directory to find out what languages are
6207     // present.
6208     ga_init2(&ga, 1, 10);
6209     for (i = 0; i < filecount; ++i)
6210     {
6211 	len = (int)STRLEN(files[i]);
6212 	if (len > 4)
6213 	{
6214 	    if (STRICMP(files[i] + len - 4, ".txt") == 0)
6215 	    {
6216 		// ".txt" -> language "en"
6217 		lang[0] = 'e';
6218 		lang[1] = 'n';
6219 	    }
6220 	    else if (files[i][len - 4] == '.'
6221 		    && ASCII_ISALPHA(files[i][len - 3])
6222 		    && ASCII_ISALPHA(files[i][len - 2])
6223 		    && TOLOWER_ASC(files[i][len - 1]) == 'x')
6224 	    {
6225 		// ".abx" -> language "ab"
6226 		lang[0] = TOLOWER_ASC(files[i][len - 3]);
6227 		lang[1] = TOLOWER_ASC(files[i][len - 2]);
6228 	    }
6229 	    else
6230 		continue;
6231 
6232 	    // Did we find this language already?
6233 	    for (j = 0; j < ga.ga_len; j += 2)
6234 		if (STRNCMP(lang, ((char_u *)ga.ga_data) + j, 2) == 0)
6235 		    break;
6236 	    if (j == ga.ga_len)
6237 	    {
6238 		// New language, add it.
6239 		if (ga_grow(&ga, 2) == FAIL)
6240 		    break;
6241 		((char_u *)ga.ga_data)[ga.ga_len++] = lang[0];
6242 		((char_u *)ga.ga_data)[ga.ga_len++] = lang[1];
6243 	    }
6244 	}
6245     }
6246 
6247     /*
6248      * Loop over the found languages to generate a tags file for each one.
6249      */
6250     for (j = 0; j < ga.ga_len; j += 2)
6251     {
6252 	STRCPY(fname, "tags-xx");
6253 	fname[5] = ((char_u *)ga.ga_data)[j];
6254 	fname[6] = ((char_u *)ga.ga_data)[j + 1];
6255 	if (fname[5] == 'e' && fname[6] == 'n')
6256 	{
6257 	    // English is an exception: use ".txt" and "tags".
6258 	    fname[4] = NUL;
6259 	    STRCPY(ext, ".txt");
6260 	}
6261 	else
6262 	{
6263 	    // Language "ab" uses ".abx" and "tags-ab".
6264 	    STRCPY(ext, ".xxx");
6265 	    ext[1] = fname[5];
6266 	    ext[2] = fname[6];
6267 	}
6268 	helptags_one(dirname, ext, fname, add_help_tags);
6269     }
6270 
6271     ga_clear(&ga);
6272     FreeWild(filecount, files);
6273 
6274 #else
6275     // No language support, just use "*.txt" and "tags".
6276     helptags_one(dirname, (char_u *)".txt", (char_u *)"tags", add_help_tags);
6277 #endif
6278 }
6279 
6280     static void
6281 helptags_cb(char_u *fname, void *cookie)
6282 {
6283     do_helptags(fname, *(int *)cookie);
6284 }
6285 
6286 /*
6287  * ":helptags"
6288  */
6289     void
6290 ex_helptags(exarg_T *eap)
6291 {
6292     expand_T	xpc;
6293     char_u	*dirname;
6294     int		add_help_tags = FALSE;
6295 
6296     // Check for ":helptags ++t {dir}".
6297     if (STRNCMP(eap->arg, "++t", 3) == 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(eap->arg[3]))
6298     {
6299 	add_help_tags = TRUE;
6300 	eap->arg = skipwhite(eap->arg + 3);
6301     }
6302 
6303     if (STRCMP(eap->arg, "ALL") == 0)
6304     {
6305 	do_in_path(p_rtp, (char_u *)"doc", DIP_ALL + DIP_DIR,
6306 						 helptags_cb, &add_help_tags);
6307     }
6308     else
6309     {
6310 	ExpandInit(&xpc);
6311 	xpc.xp_context = EXPAND_DIRECTORIES;
6312 	dirname = ExpandOne(&xpc, eap->arg, NULL,
6313 			    WILD_LIST_NOTFOUND|WILD_SILENT, WILD_EXPAND_FREE);
6314 	if (dirname == NULL || !mch_isdir(dirname))
6315 	    semsg(_("E150: Not a directory: %s"), eap->arg);
6316 	else
6317 	    do_helptags(dirname, add_help_tags);
6318 	vim_free(dirname);
6319     }
6320 }
6321 
6322 /*
6323  * Make the user happy.
6324  */
6325     void
6326 ex_smile(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
6327 {
6328     static char *code[] = {
6329 	"\34 \4o\14$\4ox\30 \2o\30$\1ox\25 \2o\36$\1o\11 \1o\1$\3 \2$\1 \1o\1$x\5 \1o\1 \1$\1 \2o\10 \1o\44$\1o\7 \2$\1 \2$\1 \2$\1o\1$x\2 \2o\1 \1$\1 \1$\1 \1\"\1$\6 \1o\11$\4 \15$\4 \11$\1o\7 \3$\1o\2$\1o\1$x\2 \1\"\6$\1o\1$\5 \1o\11$\6 \13$\6 \12$\1o\4 \10$x\4 \7$\4 \13$\6 \13$\6 \27$x\4 \27$\4 \15$\4 \16$\2 \3\"\3$x\5 \1\"\3$\4\"\61$\5 \1\"\3$x\6 \3$\3 \1o\62$\5 \1\"\3$\1ox\5 \1o\2$\1\"\3 \63$\7 \3$\1ox\5 \3$\4 \55$\1\"\1 \1\"\6$",
6330 	"\5o\4$\1ox\4 \1o\3$\4o\5$\2 \45$\3 \1o\21$x\4 \10$\1\"\4$\3 \42$\5 \4$\10\"x\3 \4\"\7 \4$\4 \1\"\34$\1\"\6 \1o\3$x\16 \1\"\3$\1o\5 \3\"\22$\1\"\2$\1\"\11 \3$x\20 \3$\1o\12 \1\"\2$\2\"\6$\4\"\13 \1o\3$x\21 \4$\1o\40 \1o\3$\1\"x\22 \1\"\4$\1o\6 \1o\6$\1o\1\"\4$\1o\10 \1o\4$x\24 \1\"\5$\2o\5 \2\"\4$\1o\5$\1o\3 \1o\4$\2\"x\27 \2\"\5$\4o\2 \1\"\3$\1o\11$\3\"x\32 \2\"\7$\2o\1 \12$x\42 \4\"\13$x\46 \14$x\47 \12$\1\"x\50 \1\"\3$\4\"x"
6331     };
6332     char *p;
6333     int n;
6334     int i;
6335 
6336     msg_start();
6337     msg_putchar('\n');
6338     for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
6339 	for (p = code[i]; *p != NUL; ++p)
6340 	    if (*p == 'x')
6341 		msg_putchar('\n');
6342 	    else
6343 		for (n = *p++; n > 0; --n)
6344 		    if (*p == 'o' || *p == '$')
6345 			msg_putchar_attr(*p, HL_ATTR(HLF_L));
6346 		    else
6347 			msg_putchar(*p);
6348     msg_clr_eos();
6349 }
6350 
6351 /*
6352  * ":drop"
6353  * Opens the first argument in a window.  When there are two or more arguments
6354  * the argument list is redefined.
6355  */
6356     void
6357 ex_drop(exarg_T *eap)
6358 {
6359     int		split = FALSE;
6360     win_T	*wp;
6361     buf_T	*buf;
6362     tabpage_T	*tp;
6363 
6364     /*
6365      * Check if the first argument is already being edited in a window.  If
6366      * so, jump to that window.
6367      * We would actually need to check all arguments, but that's complicated
6368      * and mostly only one file is dropped.
6369      * This also ignores wildcards, since it is very unlikely the user is
6370      * editing a file name with a wildcard character.
6371      */
6372     set_arglist(eap->arg);
6373 
6374     /*
6375      * Expanding wildcards may result in an empty argument list.  E.g. when
6376      * editing "foo.pyc" and ".pyc" is in 'wildignore'.  Assume that we
6377      * already did an error message for this.
6378      */
6379     if (ARGCOUNT == 0)
6380 	return;
6381 
6382     if (cmdmod.tab)
6383     {
6384 	// ":tab drop file ...": open a tab for each argument that isn't
6385 	// edited in a window yet.  It's like ":tab all" but without closing
6386 	// windows or tabs.
6387 	ex_all(eap);
6388     }
6389     else
6390     {
6391 	// ":drop file ...": Edit the first argument.  Jump to an existing
6392 	// window if possible, edit in current window if the current buffer
6393 	// can be abandoned, otherwise open a new window.
6394 	buf = buflist_findnr(ARGLIST[0].ae_fnum);
6395 
6396 	FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, wp)
6397 	{
6398 	    if (wp->w_buffer == buf)
6399 	    {
6400 		goto_tabpage_win(tp, wp);
6401 		curwin->w_arg_idx = 0;
6402 		return;
6403 	    }
6404 	}
6405 
6406 	/*
6407 	 * Check whether the current buffer is changed. If so, we will need
6408 	 * to split the current window or data could be lost.
6409 	 * Skip the check if the 'hidden' option is set, as in this case the
6410 	 * buffer won't be lost.
6411 	 */
6412 	if (!buf_hide(curbuf))
6413 	{
6414 	    ++emsg_off;
6415 	    split = check_changed(curbuf, CCGD_AW | CCGD_EXCMD);
6416 	    --emsg_off;
6417 	}
6418 
6419 	// Fake a ":sfirst" or ":first" command edit the first argument.
6420 	if (split)
6421 	{
6422 	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_sfirst;
6423 	    eap->cmd[0] = 's';
6424 	}
6425 	else
6426 	    eap->cmdidx = CMD_first;
6427 	ex_rewind(eap);
6428     }
6429 }
6430 
6431 /*
6432  * Skip over the pattern argument of ":vimgrep /pat/[g][j]".
6433  * Put the start of the pattern in "*s", unless "s" is NULL.
6434  * If "flags" is not NULL put the flags in it: VGR_GLOBAL, VGR_NOJUMP.
6435  * If "s" is not NULL terminate the pattern with a NUL.
6436  * Return a pointer to the char just past the pattern plus flags.
6437  */
6438     char_u *
6439 skip_vimgrep_pat(char_u *p, char_u **s, int *flags)
6440 {
6441     int		c;
6442 
6443     if (vim_isIDc(*p))
6444     {
6445 	// ":vimgrep pattern fname"
6446 	if (s != NULL)
6447 	    *s = p;
6448 	p = skiptowhite(p);
6449 	if (s != NULL && *p != NUL)
6450 	    *p++ = NUL;
6451     }
6452     else
6453     {
6454 	// ":vimgrep /pattern/[g][j] fname"
6455 	if (s != NULL)
6456 	    *s = p + 1;
6457 	c = *p;
6458 	p = skip_regexp(p + 1, c, TRUE, NULL);
6459 	if (*p != c)
6460 	    return NULL;
6461 
6462 	// Truncate the pattern.
6463 	if (s != NULL)
6464 	    *p = NUL;
6465 	++p;
6466 
6467 	// Find the flags
6468 	while (*p == 'g' || *p == 'j')
6469 	{
6470 	    if (flags != NULL)
6471 	    {
6472 		if (*p == 'g')
6473 		    *flags |= VGR_GLOBAL;
6474 		else
6475 		    *flags |= VGR_NOJUMP;
6476 	    }
6477 	    ++p;
6478 	}
6479     }
6480     return p;
6481 }
6482 
6483 #if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
6484 /*
6485  * List v:oldfiles in a nice way.
6486  */
6487     void
6488 ex_oldfiles(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
6489 {
6490     list_T	*l = get_vim_var_list(VV_OLDFILES);
6491     listitem_T	*li;
6492     int		nr = 0;
6493     char_u	*fname;
6494 
6495     if (l == NULL)
6496 	msg(_("No old files"));
6497     else
6498     {
6499 	msg_start();
6500 	msg_scroll = TRUE;
6501 	for (li = l->lv_first; li != NULL && !got_int; li = li->li_next)
6502 	{
6503 	    ++nr;
6504 	    fname = tv_get_string(&li->li_tv);
6505 	    if (!message_filtered(fname))
6506 	    {
6507 		msg_outnum((long)nr);
6508 		msg_puts(": ");
6509 		msg_outtrans(fname);
6510 		msg_clr_eos();
6511 		msg_putchar('\n');
6512 		out_flush();	    // output one line at a time
6513 		ui_breakcheck();
6514 	    }
6515 	}
6516 
6517 	// Assume "got_int" was set to truncate the listing.
6518 	got_int = FALSE;
6519 
6520 # ifdef FEAT_BROWSE_CMD
6521 	if (cmdmod.browse)
6522 	{
6523 	    quit_more = FALSE;
6524 	    nr = prompt_for_number(FALSE);
6525 	    msg_starthere();
6526 	    if (nr > 0)
6527 	    {
6528 		char_u *p = list_find_str(get_vim_var_list(VV_OLDFILES),
6529 								    (long)nr);
6530 
6531 		if (p != NULL)
6532 		{
6533 		    p = expand_env_save(p);
6534 		    eap->arg = p;
6535 		    eap->cmdidx = CMD_edit;
6536 		    cmdmod.browse = FALSE;
6537 		    do_exedit(eap, NULL);
6538 		    vim_free(p);
6539 		}
6540 	    }
6541 	}
6542 # endif
6543     }
6544 }
6545 #endif
6546