xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/test/fuzzcheck.c (revision 48b4bf26)
1 /*
2 ** 2015-05-25
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 **
13 ** This is a utility program designed to aid running regressions tests on
14 ** the SQLite library using data from external fuzzers.
15 **
16 ** This program reads content from an SQLite database file with the following
17 ** schema:
18 **
19 **     CREATE TABLE db(
20 **       dbid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, -- database id
21 **       dbcontent BLOB            -- database disk file image
22 **     );
23 **     CREATE TABLE xsql(
24 **       sqlid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,   -- SQL script id
25 **       sqltext TEXT                 -- Text of SQL statements to run
26 **     );
27 **     CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS readme(
28 **       msg TEXT -- Human-readable description of this test collection
29 **     );
30 **
31 ** For each database file in the DB table, the SQL text in the XSQL table
32 ** is run against that database.  All README.MSG values are printed prior
33 ** to the start of the test (unless the --quiet option is used).  If the
34 ** DB table is empty, then all entries in XSQL are run against an empty
35 ** in-memory database.
36 **
37 ** This program is looking for crashes, assertion faults, and/or memory leaks.
38 ** No attempt is made to verify the output.  The assumption is that either all
39 ** of the database files or all of the SQL statements are malformed inputs,
40 ** generated by a fuzzer, that need to be checked to make sure they do not
41 ** present a security risk.
42 **
43 ** This program also includes some command-line options to help with
44 ** creation and maintenance of the source content database.  The command
45 **
46 **     ./fuzzcheck database.db --load-sql FILE...
47 **
48 ** Loads all FILE... arguments into the XSQL table.  The --load-db option
49 ** works the same but loads the files into the DB table.  The -m option can
50 ** be used to initialize the README table.  The "database.db" file is created
51 ** if it does not previously exist.  Example:
52 **
53 **     ./fuzzcheck new.db --load-sql *.sql
54 **     ./fuzzcheck new.db --load-db *.db
55 **     ./fuzzcheck new.db -m 'New test cases'
56 **
57 ** The three commands above will create the "new.db" file and initialize all
58 ** tables.  Then do "./fuzzcheck new.db" to run the tests.
59 **
60 ** DEBUGGING HINTS:
61 **
62 ** If fuzzcheck does crash, it can be run in the debugger and the content
63 ** of the global variable g.zTextName[] will identify the specific XSQL and
64 ** DB values that were running when the crash occurred.
65 **
66 ** DBSQLFUZZ: (Added 2020-02-25)
67 **
68 ** The dbsqlfuzz fuzzer includes both a database file and SQL to run against
69 ** that database in its input.  This utility can now process dbsqlfuzz
70 ** input files.  Load such files using the "--load-dbsql FILE ..." command-line
71 ** option.
72 **
73 ** Dbsqlfuzz inputs are ordinary text.  The first part of the file is text
74 ** that describes the content of the database (using a lot of hexadecimal),
75 ** then there is a divider line followed by the SQL to run against the
76 ** database.  Because they are ordinary text, dbsqlfuzz inputs are stored
77 ** in the XSQL table, as if they were ordinary SQL inputs.  The isDbSql()
78 ** function can look at a text string and determine whether or not it is
79 ** a valid dbsqlfuzz input.
80 */
81 #include <stdio.h>
82 #include <stdlib.h>
83 #include <string.h>
84 #include <stdarg.h>
85 #include <ctype.h>
86 #include <assert.h>
87 #include "sqlite3.h"
88 #define ISSPACE(X) isspace((unsigned char)(X))
89 #define ISDIGIT(X) isdigit((unsigned char)(X))
90 
91 
92 #ifdef __unix__
93 # include <signal.h>
94 # include <unistd.h>
95 #endif
96 
97 #include <stddef.h>
98 #if !defined(_MSC_VER)
99 # include <stdint.h>
100 #endif
101 
102 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
103 typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
104 #endif
105 
106 /*
107 ** Files in the virtual file system.
108 */
109 typedef struct VFile VFile;
110 struct VFile {
111   char *zFilename;      /* Filename.  NULL for delete-on-close. From malloc() */
112   int sz;               /* Size of the file in bytes */
113   int nRef;             /* Number of references to this file */
114   unsigned char *a;     /* Content of the file.  From malloc() */
115 };
116 typedef struct VHandle VHandle;
117 struct VHandle {
118   sqlite3_file base;      /* Base class.  Must be first */
119   VFile *pVFile;          /* The underlying file */
120 };
121 
122 /*
123 ** The value of a database file template, or of an SQL script
124 */
125 typedef struct Blob Blob;
126 struct Blob {
127   Blob *pNext;            /* Next in a list */
128   int id;                 /* Id of this Blob */
129   int seq;                /* Sequence number */
130   int sz;                 /* Size of this Blob in bytes */
131   unsigned char a[1];     /* Blob content.  Extra space allocated as needed. */
132 };
133 
134 /*
135 ** Maximum number of files in the in-memory virtual filesystem.
136 */
137 #define MX_FILE  10
138 
139 /*
140 ** Maximum allowed file size
141 */
142 #define MX_FILE_SZ 10000000
143 
144 /*
145 ** All global variables are gathered into the "g" singleton.
146 */
147 static struct GlobalVars {
148   const char *zArgv0;              /* Name of program */
149   const char *zDbFile;             /* Name of database file */
150   VFile aFile[MX_FILE];            /* The virtual filesystem */
151   int nDb;                         /* Number of template databases */
152   Blob *pFirstDb;                  /* Content of first template database */
153   int nSql;                        /* Number of SQL scripts */
154   Blob *pFirstSql;                 /* First SQL script */
155   unsigned int uRandom;            /* Seed for the SQLite PRNG */
156   char zTestName[100];             /* Name of current test */
157 } g;
158 
159 /*
160 ** Print an error message and quit.
161 */
162 static void fatalError(const char *zFormat, ...){
163   va_list ap;
164   fprintf(stderr, "%s", g.zArgv0);
165   if( g.zDbFile ) fprintf(stderr, " %s", g.zDbFile);
166   if( g.zTestName[0] ) fprintf(stderr, " (%s)", g.zTestName);
167   fprintf(stderr, ": ");
168   va_start(ap, zFormat);
169   vfprintf(stderr, zFormat, ap);
170   va_end(ap);
171   fprintf(stderr, "\n");
172   exit(1);
173 }
174 
175 /*
176 ** signal handler
177 */
178 #ifdef __unix__
179 static void signalHandler(int signum){
180   const char *zSig;
181   if( signum==SIGABRT ){
182     zSig = "abort";
183   }else if( signum==SIGALRM ){
184     zSig = "timeout";
185   }else if( signum==SIGSEGV ){
186     zSig = "segfault";
187   }else{
188     zSig = "signal";
189   }
190   fatalError(zSig);
191 }
192 #endif
193 
194 /*
195 ** Set the an alarm to go off after N seconds.  Disable the alarm
196 ** if N==0
197 */
198 static void setAlarm(int N){
199 #ifdef __unix__
200   alarm(N);
201 #else
202   (void)N;
203 #endif
204 }
205 
206 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
207 /*
208 ** This an SQL progress handler.  After an SQL statement has run for
209 ** many steps, we want to interrupt it.  This guards against infinite
210 ** loops from recursive common table expressions.
211 **
212 ** *pVdbeLimitFlag is true if the --limit-vdbe command-line option is used.
213 ** In that case, hitting the progress handler is a fatal error.
214 */
215 static int progressHandler(void *pVdbeLimitFlag){
216   if( *(int*)pVdbeLimitFlag ) fatalError("too many VDBE cycles");
217   return 1;
218 }
219 #endif
220 
221 /*
222 ** Reallocate memory.  Show an error and quit if unable.
223 */
224 static void *safe_realloc(void *pOld, int szNew){
225   void *pNew = realloc(pOld, szNew<=0 ? 1 : szNew);
226   if( pNew==0 ) fatalError("unable to realloc for %d bytes", szNew);
227   return pNew;
228 }
229 
230 /*
231 ** Initialize the virtual file system.
232 */
233 static void formatVfs(void){
234   int i;
235   for(i=0; i<MX_FILE; i++){
236     g.aFile[i].sz = -1;
237     g.aFile[i].zFilename = 0;
238     g.aFile[i].a = 0;
239     g.aFile[i].nRef = 0;
240   }
241 }
242 
243 
244 /*
245 ** Erase all information in the virtual file system.
246 */
247 static void reformatVfs(void){
248   int i;
249   for(i=0; i<MX_FILE; i++){
250     if( g.aFile[i].sz<0 ) continue;
251     if( g.aFile[i].zFilename ){
252       free(g.aFile[i].zFilename);
253       g.aFile[i].zFilename = 0;
254     }
255     if( g.aFile[i].nRef>0 ){
256       fatalError("file %d still open.  nRef=%d", i, g.aFile[i].nRef);
257     }
258     g.aFile[i].sz = -1;
259     free(g.aFile[i].a);
260     g.aFile[i].a = 0;
261     g.aFile[i].nRef = 0;
262   }
263 }
264 
265 /*
266 ** Find a VFile by name
267 */
268 static VFile *findVFile(const char *zName){
269   int i;
270   if( zName==0 ) return 0;
271   for(i=0; i<MX_FILE; i++){
272     if( g.aFile[i].zFilename==0 ) continue;
273     if( strcmp(g.aFile[i].zFilename, zName)==0 ) return &g.aFile[i];
274   }
275   return 0;
276 }
277 
278 /*
279 ** Find a VFile by name.  Create it if it does not already exist and
280 ** initialize it to the size and content given.
281 **
282 ** Return NULL only if the filesystem is full.
283 */
284 static VFile *createVFile(const char *zName, int sz, unsigned char *pData){
285   VFile *pNew = findVFile(zName);
286   int i;
287   if( pNew ) return pNew;
288   for(i=0; i<MX_FILE && g.aFile[i].sz>=0; i++){}
289   if( i>=MX_FILE ) return 0;
290   pNew = &g.aFile[i];
291   if( zName ){
292     int nName = (int)strlen(zName)+1;
293     pNew->zFilename = safe_realloc(0, nName);
294     memcpy(pNew->zFilename, zName, nName);
295   }else{
296     pNew->zFilename = 0;
297   }
298   pNew->nRef = 0;
299   pNew->sz = sz;
300   pNew->a = safe_realloc(0, sz);
301   if( sz>0 ) memcpy(pNew->a, pData, sz);
302   return pNew;
303 }
304 
305 /*
306 ** Read the complete content of a file into memory.  Add a 0x00 terminator
307 ** and return a pointer to the result.
308 **
309 ** The file content is held in memory obtained from sqlite_malloc64() which
310 ** should be freed by the caller.
311 */
312 static char *readFile(const char *zFilename, long *sz){
313   FILE *in;
314   long nIn;
315   unsigned char *pBuf;
316 
317   *sz = 0;
318   if( zFilename==0 ) return 0;
319   in = fopen(zFilename, "rb");
320   if( in==0 ) return 0;
321   fseek(in, 0, SEEK_END);
322   *sz = nIn = ftell(in);
323   rewind(in);
324   pBuf = sqlite3_malloc64( nIn+1 );
325   if( pBuf && 1==fread(pBuf, nIn, 1, in) ){
326     pBuf[nIn] = 0;
327     fclose(in);
328     return pBuf;
329   }
330   sqlite3_free(pBuf);
331   *sz = 0;
332   fclose(in);
333   return 0;
334 }
335 
336 
337 /*
338 ** Implementation of the "readfile(X)" SQL function.  The entire content
339 ** of the file named X is read and returned as a BLOB.  NULL is returned
340 ** if the file does not exist or is unreadable.
341 */
342 static void readfileFunc(
343   sqlite3_context *context,
344   int argc,
345   sqlite3_value **argv
346 ){
347   long nIn;
348   void *pBuf;
349   const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
350 
351   if( zName==0 ) return;
352   pBuf = readFile(zName, &nIn);
353   if( pBuf ){
354     sqlite3_result_blob(context, pBuf, nIn, sqlite3_free);
355   }
356 }
357 
358 /*
359 ** Implementation of the "readtextfile(X)" SQL function.  The text content
360 ** of the file named X through the end of the file or to the first \000
361 ** character, whichever comes first, is read and returned as TEXT.  NULL
362 ** is returned if the file does not exist or is unreadable.
363 */
364 static void readtextfileFunc(
365   sqlite3_context *context,
366   int argc,
367   sqlite3_value **argv
368 ){
369   const char *zName;
370   FILE *in;
371   long nIn;
372   char *pBuf;
373 
374   zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
375   if( zName==0 ) return;
376   in = fopen(zName, "rb");
377   if( in==0 ) return;
378   fseek(in, 0, SEEK_END);
379   nIn = ftell(in);
380   rewind(in);
381   pBuf = sqlite3_malloc64( nIn+1 );
382   if( pBuf && 1==fread(pBuf, nIn, 1, in) ){
383     pBuf[nIn] = 0;
384     sqlite3_result_text(context, pBuf, -1, sqlite3_free);
385   }else{
386     sqlite3_free(pBuf);
387   }
388   fclose(in);
389 }
390 
391 /*
392 ** Implementation of the "writefile(X,Y)" SQL function.  The argument Y
393 ** is written into file X.  The number of bytes written is returned.  Or
394 ** NULL is returned if something goes wrong, such as being unable to open
395 ** file X for writing.
396 */
397 static void writefileFunc(
398   sqlite3_context *context,
399   int argc,
400   sqlite3_value **argv
401 ){
402   FILE *out;
403   const char *z;
404   sqlite3_int64 rc;
405   const char *zFile;
406 
407   (void)argc;
408   zFile = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
409   if( zFile==0 ) return;
410   out = fopen(zFile, "wb");
411   if( out==0 ) return;
412   z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]);
413   if( z==0 ){
414     rc = 0;
415   }else{
416     rc = fwrite(z, 1, sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]), out);
417   }
418   fclose(out);
419   sqlite3_result_int64(context, rc);
420 }
421 
422 
423 /*
424 ** Load a list of Blob objects from the database
425 */
426 static void blobListLoadFromDb(
427   sqlite3 *db,             /* Read from this database */
428   const char *zSql,        /* Query used to extract the blobs */
429   int onlyId,              /* Only load where id is this value */
430   int *pN,                 /* OUT: Write number of blobs loaded here */
431   Blob **ppList            /* OUT: Write the head of the blob list here */
432 ){
433   Blob head;
434   Blob *p;
435   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
436   int n = 0;
437   int rc;
438   char *z2;
439 
440   if( onlyId>0 ){
441     z2 = sqlite3_mprintf("%s WHERE rowid=%d", zSql, onlyId);
442   }else{
443     z2 = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zSql);
444   }
445   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, z2, -1, &pStmt, 0);
446   sqlite3_free(z2);
447   if( rc ) fatalError("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
448   head.pNext = 0;
449   p = &head;
450   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
451     int sz = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 1);
452     Blob *pNew = safe_realloc(0, sizeof(*pNew)+sz );
453     pNew->id = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
454     pNew->sz = sz;
455     pNew->seq = n++;
456     pNew->pNext = 0;
457     memcpy(pNew->a, sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt,1), sz);
458     pNew->a[sz] = 0;
459     p->pNext = pNew;
460     p = pNew;
461   }
462   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
463   *pN = n;
464   *ppList = head.pNext;
465 }
466 
467 /*
468 ** Free a list of Blob objects
469 */
470 static void blobListFree(Blob *p){
471   Blob *pNext;
472   while( p ){
473     pNext = p->pNext;
474     free(p);
475     p = pNext;
476   }
477 }
478 
479 /* Return the current wall-clock time
480 **
481 ** The number of milliseconds since the julian epoch.
482 ** 1907-01-01 00:00:00  ->  210866716800000
483 ** 2021-01-01 00:00:00  ->  212476176000000
484 */
485 static sqlite3_int64 timeOfDay(void){
486   static sqlite3_vfs *clockVfs = 0;
487   sqlite3_int64 t;
488   if( clockVfs==0 ){
489     clockVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
490     if( clockVfs==0 ) return 0;
491   }
492   if( clockVfs->iVersion>=1 && clockVfs->xCurrentTimeInt64!=0 ){
493     clockVfs->xCurrentTimeInt64(clockVfs, &t);
494   }else{
495     double r;
496     clockVfs->xCurrentTime(clockVfs, &r);
497     t = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0);
498   }
499   return t;
500 }
501 
502 /***************************************************************************
503 ** Code to process combined database+SQL scripts generated by the
504 ** dbsqlfuzz fuzzer.
505 */
506 
507 /* An instance of the following object is passed by pointer as the
508 ** client data to various callbacks.
509 */
510 typedef struct FuzzCtx {
511   sqlite3 *db;               /* The database connection */
512   sqlite3_int64 iCutoffTime; /* Stop processing at this time. */
513   sqlite3_int64 iLastCb;     /* Time recorded for previous progress callback */
514   sqlite3_int64 mxInterval;  /* Longest interval between two progress calls */
515   unsigned nCb;              /* Number of progress callbacks */
516   unsigned mxCb;             /* Maximum number of progress callbacks allowed */
517   unsigned execCnt;          /* Number of calls to the sqlite3_exec callback */
518   int timeoutHit;            /* True when reaching a timeout */
519 } FuzzCtx;
520 
521 /* Verbosity level for the dbsqlfuzz test runner */
522 static int eVerbosity = 0;
523 
524 /* True to activate PRAGMA vdbe_debug=on */
525 static int bVdbeDebug = 0;
526 
527 /* Timeout for each fuzzing attempt, in milliseconds */
528 static int giTimeout = 10000;   /* Defaults to 10 seconds */
529 
530 /* Maximum number of progress handler callbacks */
531 static unsigned int mxProgressCb = 2000;
532 
533 /* Maximum string length in SQLite */
534 static int lengthLimit = 1000000;
535 
536 /* Maximum expression depth */
537 static int depthLimit = 500;
538 
539 /* Limit on the amount of heap memory that can be used */
540 static sqlite3_int64 heapLimit = 100000000;
541 
542 /* Maximum byte-code program length in SQLite */
543 static int vdbeOpLimit = 25000;
544 
545 /* Maximum size of the in-memory database */
546 static sqlite3_int64 maxDbSize = 104857600;
547 /* OOM simulation parameters */
548 static unsigned int oomCounter = 0;    /* Simulate OOM when equals 1 */
549 static unsigned int oomRepeat = 0;     /* Number of OOMs in a row */
550 static void*(*defaultMalloc)(int) = 0; /* The low-level malloc routine */
551 
552 /* This routine is called when a simulated OOM occurs.  It is broken
553 ** out as a separate routine to make it easy to set a breakpoint on
554 ** the OOM
555 */
556 void oomFault(void){
557   if( eVerbosity ){
558     printf("Simulated OOM fault\n");
559   }
560   if( oomRepeat>0 ){
561     oomRepeat--;
562   }else{
563     oomCounter--;
564   }
565 }
566 
567 /* This routine is a replacement malloc() that is used to simulate
568 ** Out-Of-Memory (OOM) errors for testing purposes.
569 */
570 static void *oomMalloc(int nByte){
571   if( oomCounter ){
572     if( oomCounter==1 ){
573       oomFault();
574       return 0;
575     }else{
576       oomCounter--;
577     }
578   }
579   return defaultMalloc(nByte);
580 }
581 
582 /* Register the OOM simulator.  This must occur before any memory
583 ** allocations */
584 static void registerOomSimulator(void){
585   sqlite3_mem_methods mem;
586   sqlite3_shutdown();
587   sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC, &mem);
588   defaultMalloc = mem.xMalloc;
589   mem.xMalloc = oomMalloc;
590   sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC, &mem);
591 }
592 
593 /* Turn off any pending OOM simulation */
594 static void disableOom(void){
595   oomCounter = 0;
596   oomRepeat = 0;
597 }
598 
599 /*
600 ** Translate a single byte of Hex into an integer.
601 ** This routine only works if h really is a valid hexadecimal
602 ** character:  0..9a..fA..F
603 */
604 static unsigned char hexToInt(unsigned int h){
605 #ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
606   h += 9*(1&~(h>>4));   /* EBCDIC */
607 #else
608   h += 9*(1&(h>>6));    /* ASCII */
609 #endif
610   return h & 0xf;
611 }
612 
613 /*
614 ** The first character of buffer zIn[0..nIn-1] is a '['.  This routine
615 ** checked to see if the buffer holds "[NNNN]" or "[+NNNN]" and if it
616 ** does it makes corresponding changes to the *pK value and *pI value
617 ** and returns true.  If the input buffer does not match the patterns,
618 ** no changes are made to either *pK or *pI and this routine returns false.
619 */
620 static int isOffset(
621   const unsigned char *zIn,  /* Text input */
622   int nIn,                   /* Bytes of input */
623   unsigned int *pK,          /* half-byte cursor to adjust */
624   unsigned int *pI           /* Input index to adjust */
625 ){
626   int i;
627   unsigned int k = 0;
628   unsigned char c;
629   for(i=1; i<nIn && (c = zIn[i])!=']'; i++){
630     if( !isxdigit(c) ) return 0;
631     k = k*16 + hexToInt(c);
632   }
633   if( i==nIn ) return 0;
634   *pK = 2*k;
635   *pI += i;
636   return 1;
637 }
638 
639 /*
640 ** Decode the text starting at zIn into a binary database file.
641 ** The maximum length of zIn is nIn bytes.  Store the binary database
642 ** file in space obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
643 **
644 ** Return the number of bytes of zIn consumed.  Or return -1 if there
645 ** is an error.  One potential error is that the recipe specifies a
646 ** database file larger than MX_FILE_SZ bytes.
647 **
648 ** Abort on an OOM.
649 */
650 static int decodeDatabase(
651   const unsigned char *zIn,      /* Input text to be decoded */
652   int nIn,                       /* Bytes of input text */
653   unsigned char **paDecode,      /* OUT: decoded database file */
654   int *pnDecode                  /* OUT: Size of decoded database */
655 ){
656   unsigned char *a, *aNew;       /* Database under construction */
657   int mx = 0;                    /* Current size of the database */
658   sqlite3_uint64 nAlloc = 4096;  /* Space allocated in a[] */
659   unsigned int i;                /* Next byte of zIn[] to read */
660   unsigned int j;                /* Temporary integer */
661   unsigned int k;                /* half-byte cursor index for output */
662   unsigned int n;                /* Number of bytes of input */
663   unsigned char b = 0;
664   if( nIn<4 ) return -1;
665   n = (unsigned int)nIn;
666   a = sqlite3_malloc64( nAlloc );
667   if( a==0 ){
668     fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
669     exit(1);
670   }
671   memset(a, 0, (size_t)nAlloc);
672   for(i=k=0; i<n; i++){
673     unsigned char c = (unsigned char)zIn[i];
674     if( isxdigit(c) ){
675       k++;
676       if( k & 1 ){
677         b = hexToInt(c)*16;
678       }else{
679         b += hexToInt(c);
680         j = k/2 - 1;
681         if( j>=nAlloc ){
682           sqlite3_uint64 newSize;
683           if( nAlloc==MX_FILE_SZ || j>=MX_FILE_SZ ){
684             if( eVerbosity ){
685               fprintf(stderr, "Input database too big: max %d bytes\n",
686                       MX_FILE_SZ);
687             }
688             sqlite3_free(a);
689             return -1;
690           }
691           newSize = nAlloc*2;
692           if( newSize<=j ){
693             newSize = (j+4096)&~4095;
694           }
695           if( newSize>MX_FILE_SZ ){
696             if( j>=MX_FILE_SZ ){
697               sqlite3_free(a);
698               return -1;
699             }
700             newSize = MX_FILE_SZ;
701           }
702           aNew = sqlite3_realloc64( a, newSize );
703           if( aNew==0 ){
704             sqlite3_free(a);
705             return -1;
706           }
707           a = aNew;
708           assert( newSize > nAlloc );
709           memset(a+nAlloc, 0, (size_t)(newSize - nAlloc));
710           nAlloc = newSize;
711         }
712         if( j>=(unsigned)mx ){
713           mx = (j + 4095)&~4095;
714           if( mx>MX_FILE_SZ ) mx = MX_FILE_SZ;
715         }
716         assert( j<nAlloc );
717         a[j] = b;
718       }
719     }else if( zIn[i]=='[' && i<n-3 && isOffset(zIn+i, nIn-i, &k, &i) ){
720       continue;
721    }else if( zIn[i]=='\n' && i<n-4 && memcmp(zIn+i,"\n--\n",4)==0 ){
722       i += 4;
723       break;
724     }
725   }
726   *pnDecode = mx;
727   *paDecode = a;
728   return i;
729 }
730 
731 /*
732 ** Progress handler callback.
733 **
734 ** The argument is the cutoff-time after which all processing should
735 ** stop.  So return non-zero if the cut-off time is exceeded.
736 */
737 static int progress_handler(void *pClientData) {
738   FuzzCtx *p = (FuzzCtx*)pClientData;
739   sqlite3_int64 iNow = timeOfDay();
740   int rc = iNow>=p->iCutoffTime;
741   sqlite3_int64 iDiff = iNow - p->iLastCb;
742   /* printf("time-remaining: %lld\n", p->iCutoffTime - iNow); */
743   if( iDiff > p->mxInterval ) p->mxInterval = iDiff;
744   p->nCb++;
745   if( rc==0 && p->mxCb>0 && p->mxCb<=p->nCb ) rc = 1;
746   if( rc && !p->timeoutHit && eVerbosity>=2 ){
747     printf("Timeout on progress callback %d\n", p->nCb);
748     fflush(stdout);
749     p->timeoutHit = 1;
750   }
751   return rc;
752 }
753 
754 /*
755 ** Disallow debugging pragmas such as "PRAGMA vdbe_debug" and
756 ** "PRAGMA parser_trace" since they can dramatically increase the
757 ** amount of output without actually testing anything useful.
758 **
759 ** Also block ATTACH if attaching a file from the filesystem.
760 */
761 static int block_troublesome_sql(
762   void *Notused,
763   int eCode,
764   const char *zArg1,
765   const char *zArg2,
766   const char *zArg3,
767   const char *zArg4
768 ){
769   (void)Notused;
770   (void)zArg2;
771   (void)zArg3;
772   (void)zArg4;
773   if( eCode==SQLITE_PRAGMA ){
774     if( sqlite3_stricmp("busy_timeout",zArg1)==0
775      && (zArg2==0 || strtoll(zArg2,0,0)>100)
776     ){
777       return SQLITE_DENY;
778     }else if( eVerbosity==0 ){
779       if( sqlite3_strnicmp("vdbe_", zArg1, 5)==0
780        || sqlite3_stricmp("parser_trace", zArg1)==0
781        || sqlite3_stricmp("temp_store_directory", zArg1)==0
782       ){
783         return SQLITE_DENY;
784       }
785     }else if( sqlite3_stricmp("oom",zArg1)==0
786              && zArg2!=0 && zArg2[0]!=0 ){
787       oomCounter = atoi(zArg2);
788     }
789   }else if( eCode==SQLITE_ATTACH ){
790     /* Deny the ATTACH if it is attaching anything other than an in-memory
791     ** database. */
792     if( zArg1==0 ) return SQLITE_DENY;
793     if( strcmp(zArg1,":memory:")==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
794     if( sqlite3_strglob("file:*[?]vfs=memdb", zArg1)==0
795      && sqlite3_strglob("file:*[^/a-zA-Z0-9_.]*[?]vfs=memdb", zArg1)!=0
796     ){
797       return SQLITE_OK;
798     }
799     return SQLITE_DENY;
800   }
801   return SQLITE_OK;
802 }
803 
804 /*
805 ** Run the SQL text
806 */
807 static int runDbSql(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql){
808   int rc;
809   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
810   while( isspace(zSql[0]&0x7f) ) zSql++;
811   if( zSql[0]==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
812   if( eVerbosity>=4 ){
813     printf("RUNNING-SQL: [%s]\n", zSql);
814     fflush(stdout);
815   }
816   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
817   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
818     while( (rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt))==SQLITE_ROW ){
819       if( eVerbosity>=5 ){
820         int j;
821         for(j=0; j<sqlite3_column_count(pStmt); j++){
822           if( j ) printf(",");
823           switch( sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, j) ){
824             case SQLITE_NULL: {
825               printf("NULL");
826               break;
827             }
828             case SQLITE_INTEGER:
829             case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
830               printf("%s", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, j));
831               break;
832             }
833             case SQLITE_BLOB: {
834               int n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, j);
835               int i;
836               const unsigned char *a;
837               a = (const unsigned char*)sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, j);
838               printf("x'");
839               for(i=0; i<n; i++){
840                 printf("%02x", a[i]);
841               }
842               printf("'");
843               break;
844             }
845             case SQLITE_TEXT: {
846               int n = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, j);
847               int i;
848               const unsigned char *a;
849               a = (const unsigned char*)sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt, j);
850               printf("'");
851               for(i=0; i<n; i++){
852                 if( a[i]=='\'' ){
853                   printf("''");
854                 }else{
855                   putchar(a[i]);
856                 }
857               }
858               printf("'");
859               break;
860             }
861           } /* End switch() */
862         } /* End for() */
863         printf("\n");
864         fflush(stdout);
865       } /* End if( eVerbosity>=5 ) */
866     } /* End while( SQLITE_ROW */
867     if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE && eVerbosity>=4 ){
868       printf("SQL-ERROR: (%d) %s\n", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
869       fflush(stdout);
870     }
871   }else if( eVerbosity>=4 ){
872     printf("SQL-ERROR (%d): %s\n", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
873     fflush(stdout);
874   } /* End if( SQLITE_OK ) */
875   return sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
876 }
877 
878 /* Invoke this routine to run a single test case */
879 int runCombinedDbSqlInput(const uint8_t *aData, size_t nByte, int iTimeout){
880   int rc;                    /* SQLite API return value */
881   int iSql;                  /* Index in aData[] of start of SQL */
882   unsigned char *aDb = 0;    /* Decoded database content */
883   int nDb = 0;               /* Size of the decoded database */
884   int i;                     /* Loop counter */
885   int j;                     /* Start of current SQL statement */
886   char *zSql = 0;            /* SQL text to run */
887   int nSql;                  /* Bytes of SQL text */
888   FuzzCtx cx;                /* Fuzzing context */
889 
890   if( nByte<10 ) return 0;
891   if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
892   if( sqlite3_memory_used()!=0 ){
893     int nAlloc = 0;
894     int nNotUsed = 0;
895     sqlite3_status(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, &nAlloc, &nNotUsed, 0);
896     fprintf(stderr,"memory leak prior to test start:"
897                    " %lld bytes in %d allocations\n",
898             sqlite3_memory_used(), nAlloc);
899     exit(1);
900   }
901   memset(&cx, 0, sizeof(cx));
902   iSql = decodeDatabase((unsigned char*)aData, (int)nByte, &aDb, &nDb);
903   if( iSql<0 ) return 0;
904   nSql = (int)(nByte - iSql);
905   if( eVerbosity>=3 ){
906     printf(
907       "****** %d-byte input, %d-byte database, %d-byte script "
908       "******\n", (int)nByte, nDb, nSql);
909     fflush(stdout);
910   }
911   rc = sqlite3_open(0, &cx.db);
912   if( rc ){
913     sqlite3_free(aDb);
914     return 1;
915   }
916   if( bVdbeDebug ){
917     sqlite3_exec(cx.db, "PRAGMA vdbe_debug=ON", 0, 0, 0);
918   }
919 
920   /* Invoke the progress handler frequently to check to see if we
921   ** are taking too long.  The progress handler will return true
922   ** (which will block further processing) if more than giTimeout seconds have
923   ** elapsed since the start of the test.
924   */
925   cx.iLastCb = timeOfDay();
926   cx.iCutoffTime = cx.iLastCb + (iTimeout<giTimeout ? iTimeout : giTimeout);
927   cx.mxCb = mxProgressCb;
928 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
929   sqlite3_progress_handler(cx.db, 10, progress_handler, (void*)&cx);
930 #endif
931 
932   /* Set a limit on the maximum size of a prepared statement, and the
933   ** maximum length of a string or blob */
934   if( vdbeOpLimit>0 ){
935     sqlite3_limit(cx.db, SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP, vdbeOpLimit);
936   }
937   if( lengthLimit>0 ){
938     sqlite3_limit(cx.db, SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, lengthLimit);
939   }
940   if( depthLimit>0 ){
941     sqlite3_limit(cx.db, SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH, depthLimit);
942   }
943   sqlite3_limit(cx.db, SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH, 100);
944   sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(heapLimit);
945 
946   if( nDb>=20 && aDb[18]==2 && aDb[19]==2 ){
947     aDb[18] = aDb[19] = 1;
948   }
949   rc = sqlite3_deserialize(cx.db, "main", aDb, nDb, nDb,
950           SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE |
951           SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE);
952   if( rc ){
953     fprintf(stderr, "sqlite3_deserialize() failed with %d\n", rc);
954     goto testrun_finished;
955   }
956   if( maxDbSize>0 ){
957     sqlite3_int64 x = maxDbSize;
958     sqlite3_file_control(cx.db, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT, &x);
959   }
960 
961   /* For high debugging levels, turn on debug mode */
962   if( eVerbosity>=5 ){
963     sqlite3_exec(cx.db, "PRAGMA vdbe_debug=ON;", 0, 0, 0);
964   }
965 
966   /* Block debug pragmas and ATTACH/DETACH.  But wait until after
967   ** deserialize to do this because deserialize depends on ATTACH */
968   sqlite3_set_authorizer(cx.db, block_troublesome_sql, 0);
969 
970   /* Consistent PRNG seed */
971 #ifdef SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED
972   sqlite3_table_column_metadata(cx.db, 0, "x", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
973   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED, 1, cx.db);
974 #else
975   sqlite3_randomness(0,0);
976 #endif
977 
978   zSql = sqlite3_malloc( nSql + 1 );
979   if( zSql==0 ){
980     fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
981   }else{
982     memcpy(zSql, aData+iSql, nSql);
983     zSql[nSql] = 0;
984     for(i=j=0; zSql[i]; i++){
985       if( zSql[i]==';' ){
986         char cSaved = zSql[i+1];
987         zSql[i+1] = 0;
988         if( sqlite3_complete(zSql+j) ){
989           rc = runDbSql(cx.db, zSql+j);
990           j = i+1;
991         }
992         zSql[i+1] = cSaved;
993         if( rc==SQLITE_INTERRUPT || progress_handler(&cx) ){
994           goto testrun_finished;
995         }
996       }
997     }
998     if( j<i ){
999       runDbSql(cx.db, zSql+j);
1000     }
1001   }
1002 testrun_finished:
1003   sqlite3_free(zSql);
1004   rc = sqlite3_close(cx.db);
1005   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
1006     fprintf(stdout, "sqlite3_close() returns %d\n", rc);
1007   }
1008   if( eVerbosity>=2 ){
1009     fprintf(stdout, "Peak memory usages: %f MB\n",
1010        sqlite3_memory_highwater(1) / 1000000.0);
1011   }
1012   if( sqlite3_memory_used()!=0 ){
1013     int nAlloc = 0;
1014     int nNotUsed = 0;
1015     sqlite3_status(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, &nAlloc, &nNotUsed, 0);
1016     fprintf(stderr,"Memory leak: %lld bytes in %d allocations\n",
1017             sqlite3_memory_used(), nAlloc);
1018     exit(1);
1019   }
1020   sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(0);
1021   sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0);
1022   return 0;
1023 }
1024 
1025 /*
1026 ** END of the dbsqlfuzz code
1027 ***************************************************************************/
1028 
1029 /* Look at a SQL text and try to determine if it begins with a database
1030 ** description, such as would be found in a dbsqlfuzz test case.  Return
1031 ** true if this does appear to be a dbsqlfuzz test case and false otherwise.
1032 */
1033 static int isDbSql(unsigned char *a, int n){
1034   unsigned char buf[12];
1035   int i;
1036   if( n>4 && memcmp(a,"\n--\n",4)==0 ) return 1;
1037   while( n>0 && isspace(a[0]) ){ a++; n--; }
1038   for(i=0; n>0 && i<8; n--, a++){
1039     if( isxdigit(a[0]) ) buf[i++] = a[0];
1040   }
1041   if( i==8 && memcmp(buf,"53514c69",8)==0 ) return 1;
1042   return 0;
1043 }
1044 
1045 /* Implementation of the isdbsql(TEXT) SQL function.
1046 */
1047 static void isDbSqlFunc(
1048   sqlite3_context *context,
1049   int argc,
1050   sqlite3_value **argv
1051 ){
1052   int n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
1053   unsigned char *a = (unsigned char*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
1054   sqlite3_result_int(context, a!=0 && n>0 && isDbSql(a,n));
1055 }
1056 
1057 /* Methods for the VHandle object
1058 */
1059 static int inmemClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
1060   VHandle *p = (VHandle*)pFile;
1061   VFile *pVFile = p->pVFile;
1062   pVFile->nRef--;
1063   if( pVFile->nRef==0 && pVFile->zFilename==0 ){
1064     pVFile->sz = -1;
1065     free(pVFile->a);
1066     pVFile->a = 0;
1067   }
1068   return SQLITE_OK;
1069 }
1070 static int inmemRead(
1071   sqlite3_file *pFile,   /* Read from this open file */
1072   void *pData,           /* Store content in this buffer */
1073   int iAmt,              /* Bytes of content */
1074   sqlite3_int64 iOfst    /* Start reading here */
1075 ){
1076   VHandle *pHandle = (VHandle*)pFile;
1077   VFile *pVFile = pHandle->pVFile;
1078   if( iOfst<0 || iOfst>=pVFile->sz ){
1079     memset(pData, 0, iAmt);
1080     return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
1081   }
1082   if( iOfst+iAmt>pVFile->sz ){
1083     memset(pData, 0, iAmt);
1084     iAmt = (int)(pVFile->sz - iOfst);
1085     memcpy(pData, pVFile->a + iOfst, iAmt);
1086     return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
1087   }
1088   memcpy(pData, pVFile->a + iOfst, iAmt);
1089   return SQLITE_OK;
1090 }
1091 static int inmemWrite(
1092   sqlite3_file *pFile,   /* Write to this file */
1093   const void *pData,     /* Content to write */
1094   int iAmt,              /* bytes to write */
1095   sqlite3_int64 iOfst    /* Start writing here */
1096 ){
1097   VHandle *pHandle = (VHandle*)pFile;
1098   VFile *pVFile = pHandle->pVFile;
1099   if( iOfst+iAmt > pVFile->sz ){
1100     if( iOfst+iAmt >= MX_FILE_SZ ){
1101       return SQLITE_FULL;
1102     }
1103     pVFile->a = safe_realloc(pVFile->a, (int)(iOfst+iAmt));
1104     if( iOfst > pVFile->sz ){
1105       memset(pVFile->a + pVFile->sz, 0, (int)(iOfst - pVFile->sz));
1106     }
1107     pVFile->sz = (int)(iOfst + iAmt);
1108   }
1109   memcpy(pVFile->a + iOfst, pData, iAmt);
1110   return SQLITE_OK;
1111 }
1112 static int inmemTruncate(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite3_int64 iSize){
1113   VHandle *pHandle = (VHandle*)pFile;
1114   VFile *pVFile = pHandle->pVFile;
1115   if( pVFile->sz>iSize && iSize>=0 ) pVFile->sz = (int)iSize;
1116   return SQLITE_OK;
1117 }
1118 static int inmemSync(sqlite3_file *pFile, int flags){
1119   return SQLITE_OK;
1120 }
1121 static int inmemFileSize(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite3_int64 *pSize){
1122   *pSize = ((VHandle*)pFile)->pVFile->sz;
1123   return SQLITE_OK;
1124 }
1125 static int inmemLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int type){
1126   return SQLITE_OK;
1127 }
1128 static int inmemUnlock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int type){
1129   return SQLITE_OK;
1130 }
1131 static int inmemCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int *pOut){
1132   *pOut = 0;
1133   return SQLITE_OK;
1134 }
1135 static int inmemFileControl(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg){
1136   return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
1137 }
1138 static int inmemSectorSize(sqlite3_file *pFile){
1139   return 512;
1140 }
1141 static int inmemDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *pFile){
1142   return
1143       SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND |
1144       SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN |
1145       SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE;
1146 }
1147 
1148 
1149 /* Method table for VHandle
1150 */
1151 static sqlite3_io_methods VHandleMethods = {
1152   /* iVersion  */    1,
1153   /* xClose    */    inmemClose,
1154   /* xRead     */    inmemRead,
1155   /* xWrite    */    inmemWrite,
1156   /* xTruncate */    inmemTruncate,
1157   /* xSync     */    inmemSync,
1158   /* xFileSize */    inmemFileSize,
1159   /* xLock     */    inmemLock,
1160   /* xUnlock   */    inmemUnlock,
1161   /* xCheck... */    inmemCheckReservedLock,
1162   /* xFileCtrl */    inmemFileControl,
1163   /* xSectorSz */    inmemSectorSize,
1164   /* xDevchar  */    inmemDeviceCharacteristics,
1165   /* xShmMap   */    0,
1166   /* xShmLock  */    0,
1167   /* xShmBarrier */  0,
1168   /* xShmUnmap */    0,
1169   /* xFetch    */    0,
1170   /* xUnfetch  */    0
1171 };
1172 
1173 /*
1174 ** Open a new file in the inmem VFS.  All files are anonymous and are
1175 ** delete-on-close.
1176 */
1177 static int inmemOpen(
1178   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
1179   const char *zFilename,
1180   sqlite3_file *pFile,
1181   int openFlags,
1182   int *pOutFlags
1183 ){
1184   VFile *pVFile = createVFile(zFilename, 0, (unsigned char*)"");
1185   VHandle *pHandle = (VHandle*)pFile;
1186   if( pVFile==0 ){
1187     return SQLITE_FULL;
1188   }
1189   pHandle->pVFile = pVFile;
1190   pVFile->nRef++;
1191   pFile->pMethods = &VHandleMethods;
1192   if( pOutFlags ) *pOutFlags = openFlags;
1193   return SQLITE_OK;
1194 }
1195 
1196 /*
1197 ** Delete a file by name
1198 */
1199 static int inmemDelete(
1200   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
1201   const char *zFilename,
1202   int syncdir
1203 ){
1204   VFile *pVFile = findVFile(zFilename);
1205   if( pVFile==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
1206   if( pVFile->nRef==0 ){
1207     free(pVFile->zFilename);
1208     pVFile->zFilename = 0;
1209     pVFile->sz = -1;
1210     free(pVFile->a);
1211     pVFile->a = 0;
1212     return SQLITE_OK;
1213   }
1214   return SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE;
1215 }
1216 
1217 /* Check for the existance of a file
1218 */
1219 static int inmemAccess(
1220   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
1221   const char *zFilename,
1222   int flags,
1223   int *pResOut
1224 ){
1225   VFile *pVFile = findVFile(zFilename);
1226   *pResOut =  pVFile!=0;
1227   return SQLITE_OK;
1228 }
1229 
1230 /* Get the canonical pathname for a file
1231 */
1232 static int inmemFullPathname(
1233   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
1234   const char *zFilename,
1235   int nOut,
1236   char *zOut
1237 ){
1238   sqlite3_snprintf(nOut, zOut, "%s", zFilename);
1239   return SQLITE_OK;
1240 }
1241 
1242 /* Always use the same random see, for repeatability.
1243 */
1244 static int inmemRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int nBuf, char *zBuf){
1245   memset(zBuf, 0, nBuf);
1246   memcpy(zBuf, &g.uRandom, nBuf<sizeof(g.uRandom) ? nBuf : sizeof(g.uRandom));
1247   return nBuf;
1248 }
1249 
1250 /*
1251 ** Register the VFS that reads from the g.aFile[] set of files.
1252 */
1253 static void inmemVfsRegister(int makeDefault){
1254   static sqlite3_vfs inmemVfs;
1255   sqlite3_vfs *pDefault = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
1256   inmemVfs.iVersion = 3;
1257   inmemVfs.szOsFile = sizeof(VHandle);
1258   inmemVfs.mxPathname = 200;
1259   inmemVfs.zName = "inmem";
1260   inmemVfs.xOpen = inmemOpen;
1261   inmemVfs.xDelete = inmemDelete;
1262   inmemVfs.xAccess = inmemAccess;
1263   inmemVfs.xFullPathname = inmemFullPathname;
1264   inmemVfs.xRandomness = inmemRandomness;
1265   inmemVfs.xSleep = pDefault->xSleep;
1266   inmemVfs.xCurrentTimeInt64 = pDefault->xCurrentTimeInt64;
1267   sqlite3_vfs_register(&inmemVfs, makeDefault);
1268 };
1269 
1270 /*
1271 ** Allowed values for the runFlags parameter to runSql()
1272 */
1273 #define SQL_TRACE  0x0001     /* Print each SQL statement as it is prepared */
1274 #define SQL_OUTPUT 0x0002     /* Show the SQL output */
1275 
1276 /*
1277 ** Run multiple commands of SQL.  Similar to sqlite3_exec(), but does not
1278 ** stop if an error is encountered.
1279 */
1280 static void runSql(sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, unsigned  runFlags){
1281   const char *zMore;
1282   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
1283 
1284   while( zSql && zSql[0] ){
1285     zMore = 0;
1286     pStmt = 0;
1287     sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zMore);
1288     if( zMore==zSql ) break;
1289     if( runFlags & SQL_TRACE ){
1290       const char *z = zSql;
1291       int n;
1292       while( z<zMore && ISSPACE(z[0]) ) z++;
1293       n = (int)(zMore - z);
1294       while( n>0 && ISSPACE(z[n-1]) ) n--;
1295       if( n==0 ) break;
1296       if( pStmt==0 ){
1297         printf("TRACE: %.*s (error: %s)\n", n, z, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1298       }else{
1299         printf("TRACE: %.*s\n", n, z);
1300       }
1301     }
1302     zSql = zMore;
1303     if( pStmt ){
1304       if( (runFlags & SQL_OUTPUT)==0 ){
1305         while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){}
1306       }else{
1307         int nCol = -1;
1308         while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
1309           int i;
1310           if( nCol<0 ){
1311             nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
1312           }else if( nCol>0 ){
1313             printf("--------------------------------------------\n");
1314           }
1315           for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
1316             int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pStmt,i);
1317             printf("%s = ", sqlite3_column_name(pStmt,i));
1318             switch( eType ){
1319               case SQLITE_NULL: {
1320                 printf("NULL\n");
1321                 break;
1322               }
1323               case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
1324                 printf("INT %s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,i));
1325                 break;
1326               }
1327               case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
1328                 printf("FLOAT %s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,i));
1329                 break;
1330               }
1331               case SQLITE_TEXT: {
1332                 printf("TEXT [%s]\n", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,i));
1333                 break;
1334               }
1335               case SQLITE_BLOB: {
1336                 printf("BLOB (%d bytes)\n", sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt,i));
1337                 break;
1338               }
1339             }
1340           }
1341         }
1342       }
1343       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1344     }
1345   }
1346 }
1347 
1348 /*
1349 ** Rebuild the database file.
1350 **
1351 **    (1)  Remove duplicate entries
1352 **    (2)  Put all entries in order
1353 **    (3)  Vacuum
1354 */
1355 static void rebuild_database(sqlite3 *db, int dbSqlOnly){
1356   int rc;
1357   char *zSql;
1358   zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
1359      "BEGIN;\n"
1360      "CREATE TEMP TABLE dbx AS SELECT DISTINCT dbcontent FROM db;\n"
1361      "DELETE FROM db;\n"
1362      "INSERT INTO db(dbid, dbcontent) "
1363         " SELECT NULL, dbcontent FROM dbx ORDER BY 2;\n"
1364      "DROP TABLE dbx;\n"
1365      "CREATE TEMP TABLE sx AS SELECT DISTINCT sqltext FROM xsql %s;\n"
1366      "DELETE FROM xsql;\n"
1367      "INSERT INTO xsql(sqlid,sqltext) "
1368         " SELECT NULL, sqltext FROM sx ORDER BY 2;\n"
1369      "DROP TABLE sx;\n"
1370      "COMMIT;\n"
1371      "PRAGMA page_size=1024;\n"
1372      "VACUUM;\n",
1373      dbSqlOnly ? " WHERE isdbsql(sqltext)" : ""
1374   );
1375   rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
1376   sqlite3_free(zSql);
1377   if( rc ) fatalError("cannot rebuild: %s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1378 }
1379 
1380 /*
1381 ** Return the value of a hexadecimal digit.  Return -1 if the input
1382 ** is not a hex digit.
1383 */
1384 static int hexDigitValue(char c){
1385   if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) return c - '0';
1386   if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) return c - 'a' + 10;
1387   if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) return c - 'A' + 10;
1388   return -1;
1389 }
1390 
1391 /*
1392 ** Interpret zArg as an integer value, possibly with suffixes.
1393 */
1394 static int integerValue(const char *zArg){
1395   sqlite3_int64 v = 0;
1396   static const struct { char *zSuffix; int iMult; } aMult[] = {
1397     { "KiB", 1024 },
1398     { "MiB", 1024*1024 },
1399     { "GiB", 1024*1024*1024 },
1400     { "KB",  1000 },
1401     { "MB",  1000000 },
1402     { "GB",  1000000000 },
1403     { "K",   1000 },
1404     { "M",   1000000 },
1405     { "G",   1000000000 },
1406   };
1407   int i;
1408   int isNeg = 0;
1409   if( zArg[0]=='-' ){
1410     isNeg = 1;
1411     zArg++;
1412   }else if( zArg[0]=='+' ){
1413     zArg++;
1414   }
1415   if( zArg[0]=='0' && zArg[1]=='x' ){
1416     int x;
1417     zArg += 2;
1418     while( (x = hexDigitValue(zArg[0]))>=0 ){
1419       v = (v<<4) + x;
1420       zArg++;
1421     }
1422   }else{
1423     while( ISDIGIT(zArg[0]) ){
1424       v = v*10 + zArg[0] - '0';
1425       zArg++;
1426     }
1427   }
1428   for(i=0; i<sizeof(aMult)/sizeof(aMult[0]); i++){
1429     if( sqlite3_stricmp(aMult[i].zSuffix, zArg)==0 ){
1430       v *= aMult[i].iMult;
1431       break;
1432     }
1433   }
1434   if( v>0x7fffffff ) fatalError("parameter too large - max 2147483648");
1435   return (int)(isNeg? -v : v);
1436 }
1437 
1438 /*
1439 ** Return the number of "v" characters in a string.  Return 0 if there
1440 ** are any characters in the string other than "v".
1441 */
1442 static int numberOfVChar(const char *z){
1443   int N = 0;
1444   while( z[0] && z[0]=='v' ){
1445     z++;
1446     N++;
1447   }
1448   return z[0]==0 ? N : 0;
1449 }
1450 
1451 /*
1452 ** Print sketchy documentation for this utility program
1453 */
1454 static void showHelp(void){
1455   printf("Usage: %s [options] SOURCE-DB ?ARGS...?\n", g.zArgv0);
1456   printf(
1457 "Read databases and SQL scripts from SOURCE-DB and execute each script against\n"
1458 "each database, checking for crashes and memory leaks.\n"
1459 "Options:\n"
1460 "  --cell-size-check    Set the PRAGMA cell_size_check=ON\n"
1461 "  --dbid N             Use only the database where dbid=N\n"
1462 "  --export-db DIR      Write databases to files(s) in DIR. Works with --dbid\n"
1463 "  --export-sql DIR     Write SQL to file(s) in DIR. Also works with --sqlid\n"
1464 "  --help               Show this help text\n"
1465 "  --info               Show information about SOURCE-DB w/o running tests\n"
1466 "  --limit-depth N      Limit expression depth to N.  Default: 500\n"
1467 "  --limit-heap N       Limit heap memory to N.  Default: 100M\n"
1468 "  --limit-mem N        Limit memory used by test SQLite instance to N bytes\n"
1469 "  --limit-vdbe         Panic if any test runs for more than 100,000 cycles\n"
1470 "  --load-sql   FILE..  Load SQL scripts fron files into SOURCE-DB\n"
1471 "  --load-db    FILE..  Load template databases from files into SOURCE_DB\n"
1472 "  --load-dbsql FILE..  Load dbsqlfuzz outputs into the xsql table\n"
1473 "               ^^^^------ Use \"-\" for FILE to read filenames from stdin\n"
1474 "  -m TEXT              Add a description to the database\n"
1475 "  --native-vfs         Use the native VFS for initially empty database files\n"
1476 "  --native-malloc      Turn off MEMSYS3/5 and Lookaside\n"
1477 "  --oss-fuzz           Enable OSS-FUZZ testing\n"
1478 "  --prng-seed N        Seed value for the PRGN inside of SQLite\n"
1479 "  -q|--quiet           Reduced output\n"
1480 "  --rebuild            Rebuild and vacuum the database file\n"
1481 "  --result-trace       Show the results of each SQL command\n"
1482 "  --skip N             Skip the first N test cases\n"
1483 "  --spinner            Use a spinner to show progress\n"
1484 "  --sqlid N            Use only SQL where sqlid=N\n"
1485 "  --timeout N          Maximum time for any one test in N millseconds\n"
1486 "  -v|--verbose         Increased output.  Repeat for more output.\n"
1487 "  --vdbe-debug         Activate VDBE debugging.\n"
1488   );
1489 }
1490 
1491 int main(int argc, char **argv){
1492   sqlite3_int64 iBegin;        /* Start time of this program */
1493   int quietFlag = 0;           /* True if --quiet or -q */
1494   int verboseFlag = 0;         /* True if --verbose or -v */
1495   char *zInsSql = 0;           /* SQL statement for --load-db or --load-sql */
1496   int iFirstInsArg = 0;        /* First argv[] for --load-db or --load-sql */
1497   sqlite3 *db = 0;             /* The open database connection */
1498   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;         /* A prepared statement */
1499   int rc;                      /* Result code from SQLite interface calls */
1500   Blob *pSql;                  /* For looping over SQL scripts */
1501   Blob *pDb;                   /* For looping over template databases */
1502   int i;                       /* Loop index for the argv[] loop */
1503   int dbSqlOnly = 0;           /* Only use scripts that are dbsqlfuzz */
1504   int onlySqlid = -1;          /* --sqlid */
1505   int onlyDbid = -1;           /* --dbid */
1506   int nativeFlag = 0;          /* --native-vfs */
1507   int rebuildFlag = 0;         /* --rebuild */
1508   int vdbeLimitFlag = 0;       /* --limit-vdbe */
1509   int infoFlag = 0;            /* --info */
1510   int nSkip = 0;               /* --skip */
1511   int bSpinner = 0;            /* True for --spinner */
1512   int timeoutTest = 0;         /* undocumented --timeout-test flag */
1513   int runFlags = 0;            /* Flags sent to runSql() */
1514   char *zMsg = 0;              /* Add this message */
1515   int nSrcDb = 0;              /* Number of source databases */
1516   char **azSrcDb = 0;          /* Array of source database names */
1517   int iSrcDb;                  /* Loop over all source databases */
1518   int nTest = 0;               /* Total number of tests performed */
1519   char *zDbName = "";          /* Appreviated name of a source database */
1520   const char *zFailCode = 0;   /* Value of the TEST_FAILURE env variable */
1521   int cellSzCkFlag = 0;        /* --cell-size-check */
1522   int sqlFuzz = 0;             /* True for SQL fuzz. False for DB fuzz */
1523   int iTimeout = 120000;       /* Default 120-second timeout */
1524   int nMem = 0;                /* Memory limit override */
1525   int nMemThisDb = 0;          /* Memory limit set by the CONFIG table */
1526   char *zExpDb = 0;            /* Write Databases to files in this directory */
1527   char *zExpSql = 0;           /* Write SQL to files in this directory */
1528   void *pHeap = 0;             /* Heap for use by SQLite */
1529   int ossFuzz = 0;             /* enable OSS-FUZZ testing */
1530   int ossFuzzThisDb = 0;       /* ossFuzz value for this particular database */
1531   int nativeMalloc = 0;        /* Turn off MEMSYS3/5 and lookaside if true */
1532   sqlite3_vfs *pDfltVfs;       /* The default VFS */
1533   int openFlags4Data;          /* Flags for sqlite3_open_v2() */
1534   int bTimer = 0;              /* Show elapse time for each test */
1535   int nV;                      /* How much to increase verbosity with -vvvv */
1536   sqlite3_int64 tmStart;       /* Start of each test */
1537 
1538   sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_URI,1);
1539   registerOomSimulator();
1540   sqlite3_initialize();
1541   iBegin = timeOfDay();
1542 #ifdef __unix__
1543   signal(SIGALRM, signalHandler);
1544   signal(SIGSEGV, signalHandler);
1545   signal(SIGABRT, signalHandler);
1546 #endif
1547   g.zArgv0 = argv[0];
1548   openFlags4Data = SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
1549   zFailCode = getenv("TEST_FAILURE");
1550   pDfltVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
1551   inmemVfsRegister(1);
1552   for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
1553     const char *z = argv[i];
1554     if( z[0]=='-' ){
1555       z++;
1556       if( z[0]=='-' ) z++;
1557       if( strcmp(z,"cell-size-check")==0 ){
1558         cellSzCkFlag = 1;
1559       }else
1560       if( strcmp(z,"dbid")==0 ){
1561         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1562         onlyDbid = integerValue(argv[++i]);
1563       }else
1564       if( strcmp(z,"export-db")==0 ){
1565         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1566         zExpDb = argv[++i];
1567       }else
1568       if( strcmp(z,"export-sql")==0 || strcmp(z,"export-dbsql")==0 ){
1569         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1570         zExpSql = argv[++i];
1571       }else
1572       if( strcmp(z,"help")==0 ){
1573         showHelp();
1574         return 0;
1575       }else
1576       if( strcmp(z,"info")==0 ){
1577         infoFlag = 1;
1578       }else
1579       if( strcmp(z,"limit-depth")==0 ){
1580         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1581         depthLimit = integerValue(argv[++i]);
1582       }else
1583       if( strcmp(z,"limit-heap")==0 ){
1584         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1585         heapLimit = integerValue(argv[++i]);
1586       }else
1587       if( strcmp(z,"limit-mem")==0 ){
1588         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1589         nMem = integerValue(argv[++i]);
1590       }else
1591       if( strcmp(z,"limit-vdbe")==0 ){
1592         vdbeLimitFlag = 1;
1593       }else
1594       if( strcmp(z,"load-sql")==0 ){
1595         zInsSql = "INSERT INTO xsql(sqltext)"
1596                   "VALUES(CAST(readtextfile(?1) AS text))";
1597         iFirstInsArg = i+1;
1598         openFlags4Data = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
1599         break;
1600       }else
1601       if( strcmp(z,"load-db")==0 ){
1602         zInsSql = "INSERT INTO db(dbcontent) VALUES(readfile(?1))";
1603         iFirstInsArg = i+1;
1604         openFlags4Data = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
1605         break;
1606       }else
1607       if( strcmp(z,"load-dbsql")==0 ){
1608         zInsSql = "INSERT INTO xsql(sqltext)"
1609                   "VALUES(CAST(readtextfile(?1) AS text))";
1610         iFirstInsArg = i+1;
1611         openFlags4Data = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
1612         dbSqlOnly = 1;
1613         break;
1614       }else
1615       if( strcmp(z,"m")==0 ){
1616         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1617         zMsg = argv[++i];
1618         openFlags4Data = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
1619       }else
1620       if( strcmp(z,"native-malloc")==0 ){
1621         nativeMalloc = 1;
1622       }else
1623       if( strcmp(z,"native-vfs")==0 ){
1624         nativeFlag = 1;
1625       }else
1626       if( strcmp(z,"oss-fuzz")==0 ){
1627         ossFuzz = 1;
1628       }else
1629       if( strcmp(z,"prng-seed")==0 ){
1630         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1631         g.uRandom = atoi(argv[++i]);
1632       }else
1633       if( strcmp(z,"quiet")==0 || strcmp(z,"q")==0 ){
1634         quietFlag = 1;
1635         verboseFlag = 0;
1636         eVerbosity = 0;
1637       }else
1638       if( strcmp(z,"rebuild")==0 ){
1639         rebuildFlag = 1;
1640         openFlags4Data = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE;
1641       }else
1642       if( strcmp(z,"result-trace")==0 ){
1643         runFlags |= SQL_OUTPUT;
1644       }else
1645       if( strcmp(z,"skip")==0 ){
1646         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1647         nSkip = atoi(argv[++i]);
1648       }else
1649       if( strcmp(z,"spinner")==0 ){
1650         bSpinner = 1;
1651       }else
1652       if( strcmp(z,"timer")==0 ){
1653         bTimer = 1;
1654       }else
1655       if( strcmp(z,"sqlid")==0 ){
1656         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1657         onlySqlid = integerValue(argv[++i]);
1658       }else
1659       if( strcmp(z,"timeout")==0 ){
1660         if( i>=argc-1 ) fatalError("missing arguments on %s", argv[i]);
1661         iTimeout = integerValue(argv[++i]);
1662       }else
1663       if( strcmp(z,"timeout-test")==0 ){
1664         timeoutTest = 1;
1665 #ifndef __unix__
1666         fatalError("timeout is not available on non-unix systems");
1667 #endif
1668       }else
1669       if( strcmp(z,"vdbe-debug")==0 ){
1670         bVdbeDebug = 1;
1671       }else
1672       if( strcmp(z,"verbose")==0 ){
1673         quietFlag = 0;
1674         verboseFlag++;
1675         eVerbosity++;
1676         if( verboseFlag>1 ) runFlags |= SQL_TRACE;
1677       }else
1678       if( (nV = numberOfVChar(z))>=1 ){
1679         quietFlag = 0;
1680         verboseFlag += nV;
1681         eVerbosity += nV;
1682         if( verboseFlag>1 ) runFlags |= SQL_TRACE;
1683       }else
1684       if( strcmp(z,"version")==0 ){
1685         int ii;
1686         const char *zz;
1687         printf("SQLite %s %s\n", sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
1688         for(ii=0; (zz = sqlite3_compileoption_get(ii))!=0; ii++){
1689           printf("%s\n", zz);
1690         }
1691         return 0;
1692       }else
1693       {
1694         fatalError("unknown option: %s", argv[i]);
1695       }
1696     }else{
1697       nSrcDb++;
1698       azSrcDb = safe_realloc(azSrcDb, nSrcDb*sizeof(azSrcDb[0]));
1699       azSrcDb[nSrcDb-1] = argv[i];
1700     }
1701   }
1702   if( nSrcDb==0 ) fatalError("no source database specified");
1703   if( nSrcDb>1 ){
1704     if( zMsg ){
1705       fatalError("cannot change the description of more than one database");
1706     }
1707     if( zInsSql ){
1708       fatalError("cannot import into more than one database");
1709     }
1710   }
1711 
1712   /* Process each source database separately */
1713   for(iSrcDb=0; iSrcDb<nSrcDb; iSrcDb++){
1714     char *zRawData = 0;
1715     long nRawData = 0;
1716     g.zDbFile = azSrcDb[iSrcDb];
1717     rc = sqlite3_open_v2(azSrcDb[iSrcDb], &db,
1718                          openFlags4Data, pDfltVfs->zName);
1719     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
1720       rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_schema", 0, 0, 0);
1721     }
1722     if( rc ){
1723       sqlite3_close(db);
1724       zRawData = readFile(azSrcDb[iSrcDb], &nRawData);
1725       if( zRawData==0 ){
1726         fatalError("input file \"%s\" is not recognized\n", azSrcDb[iSrcDb]);
1727       }
1728       sqlite3_open(":memory:", &db);
1729     }
1730 
1731     /* Print the description, if there is one */
1732     if( infoFlag ){
1733       int n;
1734       zDbName = azSrcDb[iSrcDb];
1735       i = (int)strlen(zDbName) - 1;
1736       while( i>0 && zDbName[i-1]!='/' && zDbName[i-1]!='\\' ){ i--; }
1737       zDbName += i;
1738       sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "SELECT msg FROM readme", -1, &pStmt, 0);
1739       if( pStmt && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
1740         printf("%s: %s", zDbName, sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
1741       }else{
1742         printf("%s: (empty \"readme\")", zDbName);
1743       }
1744       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1745       sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "SELECT count(*) FROM db", -1, &pStmt, 0);
1746       if( pStmt
1747        && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW
1748        && (n = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,0))>0
1749       ){
1750         printf(" - %d DBs", n);
1751       }
1752       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1753       sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "SELECT count(*) FROM xsql", -1, &pStmt, 0);
1754       if( pStmt
1755        && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW
1756        && (n = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,0))>0
1757       ){
1758         printf(" - %d scripts", n);
1759       }
1760       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1761       printf("\n");
1762       sqlite3_close(db);
1763       sqlite3_free(zRawData);
1764       continue;
1765     }
1766 
1767     rc = sqlite3_exec(db,
1768        "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS db(\n"
1769        "  dbid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, -- database id\n"
1770        "  dbcontent BLOB            -- database disk file image\n"
1771        ");\n"
1772        "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS xsql(\n"
1773        "  sqlid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,   -- SQL script id\n"
1774        "  sqltext TEXT                 -- Text of SQL statements to run\n"
1775        ");"
1776        "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS readme(\n"
1777        "  msg TEXT -- Human-readable description of this file\n"
1778        ");", 0, 0, 0);
1779     if( rc ) fatalError("cannot create schema: %s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1780     if( zMsg ){
1781       char *zSql;
1782       zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
1783                "DELETE FROM readme; INSERT INTO readme(msg) VALUES(%Q)", zMsg);
1784       rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
1785       sqlite3_free(zSql);
1786       if( rc ) fatalError("cannot change description: %s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1787     }
1788     if( zRawData ){
1789       zInsSql = "INSERT INTO xsql(sqltext) VALUES(?1)";
1790       rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zInsSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
1791       if( rc ) fatalError("cannot prepare statement [%s]: %s",
1792                           zInsSql, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1793       sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zRawData, nRawData, SQLITE_STATIC);
1794       sqlite3_step(pStmt);
1795       rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
1796       if( rc ) fatalError("insert failed for %s", argv[i]);
1797       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1798       rebuild_database(db, dbSqlOnly);
1799       zInsSql = 0;
1800       sqlite3_free(zRawData);
1801       zRawData = 0;
1802     }
1803     ossFuzzThisDb = ossFuzz;
1804 
1805     /* If the CONFIG(name,value) table exists, read db-specific settings
1806     ** from that table */
1807     if( sqlite3_table_column_metadata(db,0,"config",0,0,0,0,0,0)==SQLITE_OK ){
1808       rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "SELECT name, value FROM config",
1809                                   -1, &pStmt, 0);
1810       if( rc ) fatalError("cannot prepare query of CONFIG table: %s",
1811                           sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1812       while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
1813         const char *zName = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0);
1814         if( zName==0 ) continue;
1815         if( strcmp(zName, "oss-fuzz")==0 ){
1816           ossFuzzThisDb = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,1);
1817           if( verboseFlag ) printf("Config: oss-fuzz=%d\n", ossFuzzThisDb);
1818         }
1819         if( strcmp(zName, "limit-mem")==0 ){
1820           nMemThisDb = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,1);
1821           if( verboseFlag ) printf("Config: limit-mem=%d\n", nMemThisDb);
1822         }
1823       }
1824       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1825     }
1826 
1827     if( zInsSql ){
1828       sqlite3_create_function(db, "readfile", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
1829                               readfileFunc, 0, 0);
1830       sqlite3_create_function(db, "readtextfile", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
1831                               readtextfileFunc, 0, 0);
1832       sqlite3_create_function(db, "isdbsql", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
1833                               isDbSqlFunc, 0, 0);
1834       rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zInsSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
1835       if( rc ) fatalError("cannot prepare statement [%s]: %s",
1836                           zInsSql, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1837       rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN", 0, 0, 0);
1838       if( rc ) fatalError("cannot start a transaction");
1839       for(i=iFirstInsArg; i<argc; i++){
1840         if( strcmp(argv[i],"-")==0 ){
1841           /* A filename of "-" means read multiple filenames from stdin */
1842           char zLine[2000];
1843           while( rc==0 && fgets(zLine,sizeof(zLine),stdin)!=0 ){
1844             size_t kk = strlen(zLine);
1845             while( kk>0 && zLine[kk-1]<=' ' ) kk--;
1846             sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zLine, (int)kk, SQLITE_STATIC);
1847             if( verboseFlag ) printf("loading %.*s\n", (int)kk, zLine);
1848             sqlite3_step(pStmt);
1849             rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
1850             if( rc ) fatalError("insert failed for %s", zLine);
1851           }
1852         }else{
1853           sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, argv[i], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
1854           if( verboseFlag ) printf("loading %s\n", argv[i]);
1855           sqlite3_step(pStmt);
1856           rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
1857           if( rc ) fatalError("insert failed for %s", argv[i]);
1858         }
1859       }
1860       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1861       rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "COMMIT", 0, 0, 0);
1862       if( rc ) fatalError("cannot commit the transaction: %s",
1863                           sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1864       rebuild_database(db, dbSqlOnly);
1865       sqlite3_close(db);
1866       return 0;
1867     }
1868     rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "PRAGMA query_only=1;", 0, 0, 0);
1869     if( rc ) fatalError("cannot set database to query-only");
1870     if( zExpDb!=0 || zExpSql!=0 ){
1871       sqlite3_create_function(db, "writefile", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
1872                               writefileFunc, 0, 0);
1873       if( zExpDb!=0 ){
1874         const char *zExDb =
1875           "SELECT writefile(printf('%s/db%06d.db',?1,dbid),dbcontent),"
1876           "       dbid, printf('%s/db%06d.db',?1,dbid), length(dbcontent)"
1877           "  FROM db WHERE ?2<0 OR dbid=?2;";
1878         rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zExDb, -1, &pStmt, 0);
1879         if( rc ) fatalError("cannot prepare statement [%s]: %s",
1880                             zExDb, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1881         sqlite3_bind_text64(pStmt, 1, zExpDb, strlen(zExpDb),
1882                             SQLITE_STATIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
1883         sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, 2, onlyDbid);
1884         while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
1885           printf("write db-%d (%d bytes) into %s\n",
1886              sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,1),
1887              sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,3),
1888              sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,2));
1889         }
1890         sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1891       }
1892       if( zExpSql!=0 ){
1893         const char *zExSql =
1894           "SELECT writefile(printf('%s/sql%06d.txt',?1,sqlid),sqltext),"
1895           "       sqlid, printf('%s/sql%06d.txt',?1,sqlid), length(sqltext)"
1896           "  FROM xsql WHERE ?2<0 OR sqlid=?2;";
1897         rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zExSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
1898         if( rc ) fatalError("cannot prepare statement [%s]: %s",
1899                             zExSql, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
1900         sqlite3_bind_text64(pStmt, 1, zExpSql, strlen(zExpSql),
1901                             SQLITE_STATIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
1902         sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, 2, onlySqlid);
1903         while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
1904           printf("write sql-%d (%d bytes) into %s\n",
1905              sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,1),
1906              sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,3),
1907              sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,2));
1908         }
1909         sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1910       }
1911       sqlite3_close(db);
1912       return 0;
1913     }
1914 
1915     /* Load all SQL script content and all initial database images from the
1916     ** source db
1917     */
1918     blobListLoadFromDb(db, "SELECT sqlid, sqltext FROM xsql", onlySqlid,
1919                            &g.nSql, &g.pFirstSql);
1920     if( g.nSql==0 ) fatalError("need at least one SQL script");
1921     blobListLoadFromDb(db, "SELECT dbid, dbcontent FROM db", onlyDbid,
1922                        &g.nDb, &g.pFirstDb);
1923     if( g.nDb==0 ){
1924       g.pFirstDb = safe_realloc(0, sizeof(Blob));
1925       memset(g.pFirstDb, 0, sizeof(Blob));
1926       g.pFirstDb->id = 1;
1927       g.pFirstDb->seq = 0;
1928       g.nDb = 1;
1929       sqlFuzz = 1;
1930     }
1931 
1932     /* Print the description, if there is one */
1933     if( !quietFlag ){
1934       zDbName = azSrcDb[iSrcDb];
1935       i = (int)strlen(zDbName) - 1;
1936       while( i>0 && zDbName[i-1]!='/' && zDbName[i-1]!='\\' ){ i--; }
1937       zDbName += i;
1938       sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, "SELECT msg FROM readme", -1, &pStmt, 0);
1939       if( pStmt && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
1940         printf("%s: %s\n", zDbName, sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,0));
1941       }
1942       sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
1943     }
1944 
1945     /* Rebuild the database, if requested */
1946     if( rebuildFlag ){
1947       if( !quietFlag ){
1948         printf("%s: rebuilding... ", zDbName);
1949         fflush(stdout);
1950       }
1951       rebuild_database(db, 0);
1952       if( !quietFlag ) printf("done\n");
1953     }
1954 
1955     /* Close the source database.  Verify that no SQLite memory allocations are
1956     ** outstanding.
1957     */
1958     sqlite3_close(db);
1959     if( sqlite3_memory_used()>0 ){
1960       fatalError("SQLite has memory in use before the start of testing");
1961     }
1962 
1963     /* Limit available memory, if requested */
1964     sqlite3_shutdown();
1965 
1966     if( nMemThisDb>0 && nMem==0 ){
1967       if( !nativeMalloc ){
1968         pHeap = realloc(pHeap, nMemThisDb);
1969         if( pHeap==0 ){
1970           fatalError("failed to allocate %d bytes of heap memory", nMem);
1971         }
1972         sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP, pHeap, nMemThisDb, 128);
1973       }else{
1974         sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64((sqlite3_int64)nMemThisDb);
1975       }
1976     }else{
1977       sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(0);
1978     }
1979 
1980     /* Disable lookaside with the --native-malloc option */
1981     if( nativeMalloc ){
1982       sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE, 0, 0);
1983     }
1984 
1985     /* Reset the in-memory virtual filesystem */
1986     formatVfs();
1987 
1988     /* Run a test using each SQL script against each database.
1989     */
1990     if( !verboseFlag && !quietFlag && !bSpinner ) printf("%s:", zDbName);
1991     for(pSql=g.pFirstSql; pSql; pSql=pSql->pNext){
1992       tmStart = timeOfDay();
1993       if( isDbSql(pSql->a, pSql->sz) ){
1994         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(g.zTestName), g.zTestName, "sqlid=%d",pSql->id);
1995         if( bSpinner ){
1996           int nTotal =g.nSql;
1997           int idx = pSql->seq;
1998           printf("\r%s: %d/%d   ", zDbName, idx, nTotal);
1999           fflush(stdout);
2000         }else if( verboseFlag ){
2001           printf("%s\n", g.zTestName);
2002           fflush(stdout);
2003         }else if( !quietFlag ){
2004           static int prevAmt = -1;
2005           int idx = pSql->seq;
2006           int amt = idx*10/(g.nSql);
2007           if( amt!=prevAmt ){
2008             printf(" %d%%", amt*10);
2009             fflush(stdout);
2010             prevAmt = amt;
2011           }
2012         }
2013         if( nSkip>0 ){
2014           nSkip--;
2015         }else{
2016           runCombinedDbSqlInput(pSql->a, pSql->sz, iTimeout);
2017         }
2018         nTest++;
2019         if( bTimer ){
2020           sqlite3_int64 tmEnd = timeOfDay();
2021           printf("%lld %s\n", tmEnd - tmStart, g.zTestName);
2022         }
2023         g.zTestName[0] = 0;
2024         disableOom();
2025         continue;
2026       }
2027       for(pDb=g.pFirstDb; pDb; pDb=pDb->pNext){
2028         int openFlags;
2029         const char *zVfs = "inmem";
2030         sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(g.zTestName), g.zTestName, "sqlid=%d,dbid=%d",
2031                          pSql->id, pDb->id);
2032         if( bSpinner ){
2033           int nTotal = g.nDb*g.nSql;
2034           int idx = pSql->seq*g.nDb + pDb->id - 1;
2035           printf("\r%s: %d/%d   ", zDbName, idx, nTotal);
2036           fflush(stdout);
2037         }else if( verboseFlag ){
2038           printf("%s\n", g.zTestName);
2039           fflush(stdout);
2040         }else if( !quietFlag ){
2041           static int prevAmt = -1;
2042           int idx = pSql->seq*g.nDb + pDb->id - 1;
2043           int amt = idx*10/(g.nDb*g.nSql);
2044           if( amt!=prevAmt ){
2045             printf(" %d%%", amt*10);
2046             fflush(stdout);
2047             prevAmt = amt;
2048           }
2049         }
2050         if( nSkip>0 ){
2051           nSkip--;
2052           continue;
2053         }
2054         createVFile("main.db", pDb->sz, pDb->a);
2055         sqlite3_randomness(0,0);
2056         if( ossFuzzThisDb ){
2057 #ifndef SQLITE_OSS_FUZZ
2058           fatalError("--oss-fuzz not supported: recompile"
2059                      " with -DSQLITE_OSS_FUZZ");
2060 #else
2061           extern int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t*, size_t);
2062           LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput((const uint8_t*)pSql->a, (size_t)pSql->sz);
2063 #endif
2064         }else{
2065           openFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE;
2066           if( nativeFlag && pDb->sz==0 ){
2067             openFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY;
2068             zVfs = 0;
2069           }
2070           rc = sqlite3_open_v2("main.db", &db, openFlags, zVfs);
2071           if( rc ) fatalError("cannot open inmem database");
2072           sqlite3_limit(db, SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 100000000);
2073           sqlite3_limit(db, SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH, 50);
2074           if( cellSzCkFlag ) runSql(db, "PRAGMA cell_size_check=ON", runFlags);
2075           setAlarm((iTimeout+999)/1000);
2076           /* Enable test functions */
2077           sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS, db);
2078 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
2079           if( sqlFuzz || vdbeLimitFlag ){
2080             sqlite3_progress_handler(db, 100000, progressHandler,
2081                                      &vdbeLimitFlag);
2082           }
2083 #endif
2084 #ifdef SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED
2085           sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED, 1, db);
2086 #endif
2087           if( bVdbeDebug ){
2088             sqlite3_exec(db, "PRAGMA vdbe_debug=ON", 0, 0, 0);
2089           }
2090           do{
2091             runSql(db, (char*)pSql->a, runFlags);
2092           }while( timeoutTest );
2093           setAlarm(0);
2094           sqlite3_exec(db, "PRAGMA temp_store_directory=''", 0, 0, 0);
2095           sqlite3_close(db);
2096         }
2097         if( sqlite3_memory_used()>0 ){
2098            fatalError("memory leak: %lld bytes outstanding",
2099                       sqlite3_memory_used());
2100         }
2101         reformatVfs();
2102         nTest++;
2103         if( bTimer ){
2104           sqlite3_int64 tmEnd = timeOfDay();
2105           printf("%lld %s\n", tmEnd - tmStart, g.zTestName);
2106         }
2107         g.zTestName[0] = 0;
2108 
2109         /* Simulate an error if the TEST_FAILURE environment variable is "5".
2110         ** This is used to verify that automated test script really do spot
2111         ** errors that occur in this test program.
2112         */
2113         if( zFailCode ){
2114           if( zFailCode[0]=='5' && zFailCode[1]==0 ){
2115             fatalError("simulated failure");
2116           }else if( zFailCode[0]!=0 ){
2117             /* If TEST_FAILURE is something other than 5, just exit the test
2118             ** early */
2119             printf("\nExit early due to TEST_FAILURE being set\n");
2120             iSrcDb = nSrcDb-1;
2121             goto sourcedb_cleanup;
2122           }
2123         }
2124       }
2125     }
2126     if( bSpinner ){
2127       int nTotal = g.nDb*g.nSql;
2128       printf("\r%s: %d/%d   \n", zDbName, nTotal, nTotal);
2129     }else if( !quietFlag && !verboseFlag ){
2130       printf(" 100%% - %d tests\n", g.nDb*g.nSql);
2131     }
2132 
2133     /* Clean up at the end of processing a single source database
2134     */
2135   sourcedb_cleanup:
2136     blobListFree(g.pFirstSql);
2137     blobListFree(g.pFirstDb);
2138     reformatVfs();
2139 
2140   } /* End loop over all source databases */
2141 
2142   if( !quietFlag ){
2143     sqlite3_int64 iElapse = timeOfDay() - iBegin;
2144     printf("fuzzcheck: 0 errors out of %d tests in %d.%03d seconds\n"
2145            "SQLite %s %s\n",
2146            nTest, (int)(iElapse/1000), (int)(iElapse%1000),
2147            sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
2148   }
2149   free(azSrcDb);
2150   free(pHeap);
2151   return 0;
2152 }
2153