xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/whereInt.h (revision f71a243a)
1 /*
2 ** 2013-11-12
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 **
13 ** This file contains structure and macro definitions for the query
14 ** planner logic in "where.c".  These definitions are broken out into
15 ** a separate source file for easier editing.
16 */
17 #ifndef SQLITE_WHEREINT_H
18 #define SQLITE_WHEREINT_H
19 
20 /*
21 ** Trace output macros
22 */
23 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
24 /***/ extern int sqlite3WhereTrace;
25 #endif
26 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
27     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
28 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
29 # define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
30 #else
31 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)
32 #endif
33 
34 /* Forward references
35 */
36 typedef struct WhereClause WhereClause;
37 typedef struct WhereMaskSet WhereMaskSet;
38 typedef struct WhereOrInfo WhereOrInfo;
39 typedef struct WhereAndInfo WhereAndInfo;
40 typedef struct WhereLevel WhereLevel;
41 typedef struct WhereLoop WhereLoop;
42 typedef struct WherePath WherePath;
43 typedef struct WhereTerm WhereTerm;
44 typedef struct WhereLoopBuilder WhereLoopBuilder;
45 typedef struct WhereScan WhereScan;
46 typedef struct WhereOrCost WhereOrCost;
47 typedef struct WhereOrSet WhereOrSet;
48 
49 /*
50 ** This object contains information needed to implement a single nested
51 ** loop in WHERE clause.
52 **
53 ** Contrast this object with WhereLoop.  This object describes the
54 ** implementation of the loop.  WhereLoop describes the algorithm.
55 ** This object contains a pointer to the WhereLoop algorithm as one of
56 ** its elements.
57 **
58 ** The WhereInfo object contains a single instance of this object for
59 ** each term in the FROM clause (which is to say, for each of the
60 ** nested loops as implemented).  The order of WhereLevel objects determines
61 ** the loop nested order, with WhereInfo.a[0] being the outer loop and
62 ** WhereInfo.a[WhereInfo.nLevel-1] being the inner loop.
63 */
64 struct WhereLevel {
65   int iLeftJoin;        /* Memory cell used to implement LEFT OUTER JOIN */
66   int iTabCur;          /* The VDBE cursor used to access the table */
67   int iIdxCur;          /* The VDBE cursor used to access pIdx */
68   int addrBrk;          /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
69   int addrNxt;          /* Jump here to start the next IN combination */
70   int addrSkip;         /* Jump here for next iteration of skip-scan */
71   int addrCont;         /* Jump here to continue with the next loop cycle */
72   int addrFirst;        /* First instruction of interior of the loop */
73   int addrBody;         /* Beginning of the body of this loop */
74 #ifndef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
75   u32 iLikeRepCntr;     /* LIKE range processing counter register (times 2) */
76   int addrLikeRep;      /* LIKE range processing address */
77 #endif
78   u8 iFrom;             /* Which entry in the FROM clause */
79   u8 op, p3, p5;        /* Opcode, P3 & P5 of the opcode that ends the loop */
80   int p1, p2;           /* Operands of the opcode used to ends the loop */
81   union {               /* Information that depends on pWLoop->wsFlags */
82     struct {
83       int nIn;              /* Number of entries in aInLoop[] */
84       struct InLoop {
85         int iCur;              /* The VDBE cursor used by this IN operator */
86         int addrInTop;         /* Top of the IN loop */
87         int iBase;             /* Base register of multi-key index record */
88         int nPrefix;           /* Number of prior entires in the key */
89         u8 eEndLoopOp;         /* IN Loop terminator. OP_Next or OP_Prev */
90       } *aInLoop;           /* Information about each nested IN operator */
91     } in;                 /* Used when pWLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_IN_ABLE */
92     Index *pCovidx;       /* Possible covering index for WHERE_MULTI_OR */
93   } u;
94   struct WhereLoop *pWLoop;  /* The selected WhereLoop object */
95   Bitmask notReady;          /* FROM entries not usable at this level */
96 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
97   int addrVisit;        /* Address at which row is visited */
98 #endif
99 };
100 
101 /*
102 ** Each instance of this object represents an algorithm for evaluating one
103 ** term of a join.  Every term of the FROM clause will have at least
104 ** one corresponding WhereLoop object (unless INDEXED BY constraints
105 ** prevent a query solution - which is an error) and many terms of the
106 ** FROM clause will have multiple WhereLoop objects, each describing a
107 ** potential way of implementing that FROM-clause term, together with
108 ** dependencies and cost estimates for using the chosen algorithm.
109 **
110 ** Query planning consists of building up a collection of these WhereLoop
111 ** objects, then computing a particular sequence of WhereLoop objects, with
112 ** one WhereLoop object per FROM clause term, that satisfy all dependencies
113 ** and that minimize the overall cost.
114 */
115 struct WhereLoop {
116   Bitmask prereq;       /* Bitmask of other loops that must run first */
117   Bitmask maskSelf;     /* Bitmask identifying table iTab */
118 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
119   char cId;             /* Symbolic ID of this loop for debugging use */
120 #endif
121   u8 iTab;              /* Position in FROM clause of table for this loop */
122   u8 iSortIdx;          /* Sorting index number.  0==None */
123   LogEst rSetup;        /* One-time setup cost (ex: create transient index) */
124   LogEst rRun;          /* Cost of running each loop */
125   LogEst nOut;          /* Estimated number of output rows */
126   union {
127     struct {               /* Information for internal btree tables */
128       u16 nEq;               /* Number of equality constraints */
129       u16 nBtm;              /* Size of BTM vector */
130       u16 nTop;              /* Size of TOP vector */
131       u16 nIdxCol;           /* Index column used for ORDER BY */
132       Index *pIndex;         /* Index used, or NULL */
133     } btree;
134     struct {               /* Information for virtual tables */
135       int idxNum;            /* Index number */
136       u8 needFree;           /* True if sqlite3_free(idxStr) is needed */
137       i8 isOrdered;          /* True if satisfies ORDER BY */
138       u16 omitMask;          /* Terms that may be omitted */
139       char *idxStr;          /* Index identifier string */
140     } vtab;
141   } u;
142   u32 wsFlags;          /* WHERE_* flags describing the plan */
143   u16 nLTerm;           /* Number of entries in aLTerm[] */
144   u16 nSkip;            /* Number of NULL aLTerm[] entries */
145   /**** whereLoopXfer() copies fields above ***********************/
146 # define WHERE_LOOP_XFER_SZ offsetof(WhereLoop,nLSlot)
147   u16 nLSlot;           /* Number of slots allocated for aLTerm[] */
148   WhereTerm **aLTerm;   /* WhereTerms used */
149   WhereLoop *pNextLoop; /* Next WhereLoop object in the WhereClause */
150   WhereTerm *aLTermSpace[3];  /* Initial aLTerm[] space */
151 };
152 
153 /* This object holds the prerequisites and the cost of running a
154 ** subquery on one operand of an OR operator in the WHERE clause.
155 ** See WhereOrSet for additional information
156 */
157 struct WhereOrCost {
158   Bitmask prereq;     /* Prerequisites */
159   LogEst rRun;        /* Cost of running this subquery */
160   LogEst nOut;        /* Number of outputs for this subquery */
161 };
162 
163 /* The WhereOrSet object holds a set of possible WhereOrCosts that
164 ** correspond to the subquery(s) of OR-clause processing.  Only the
165 ** best N_OR_COST elements are retained.
166 */
167 #define N_OR_COST 3
168 struct WhereOrSet {
169   u16 n;                      /* Number of valid a[] entries */
170   WhereOrCost a[N_OR_COST];   /* Set of best costs */
171 };
172 
173 /*
174 ** Each instance of this object holds a sequence of WhereLoop objects
175 ** that implement some or all of a query plan.
176 **
177 ** Think of each WhereLoop object as a node in a graph with arcs
178 ** showing dependencies and costs for travelling between nodes.  (That is
179 ** not a completely accurate description because WhereLoop costs are a
180 ** vector, not a scalar, and because dependencies are many-to-one, not
181 ** one-to-one as are graph nodes.  But it is a useful visualization aid.)
182 ** Then a WherePath object is a path through the graph that visits some
183 ** or all of the WhereLoop objects once.
184 **
185 ** The "solver" works by creating the N best WherePath objects of length
186 ** 1.  Then using those as a basis to compute the N best WherePath objects
187 ** of length 2.  And so forth until the length of WherePaths equals the
188 ** number of nodes in the FROM clause.  The best (lowest cost) WherePath
189 ** at the end is the chosen query plan.
190 */
191 struct WherePath {
192   Bitmask maskLoop;     /* Bitmask of all WhereLoop objects in this path */
193   Bitmask revLoop;      /* aLoop[]s that should be reversed for ORDER BY */
194   LogEst nRow;          /* Estimated number of rows generated by this path */
195   LogEst rCost;         /* Total cost of this path */
196   LogEst rUnsorted;     /* Total cost of this path ignoring sorting costs */
197   i8 isOrdered;         /* No. of ORDER BY terms satisfied. -1 for unknown */
198   WhereLoop **aLoop;    /* Array of WhereLoop objects implementing this path */
199 };
200 
201 /*
202 ** The query generator uses an array of instances of this structure to
203 ** help it analyze the subexpressions of the WHERE clause.  Each WHERE
204 ** clause subexpression is separated from the others by AND operators,
205 ** usually, or sometimes subexpressions separated by OR.
206 **
207 ** All WhereTerms are collected into a single WhereClause structure.
208 ** The following identity holds:
209 **
210 **        WhereTerm.pWC->a[WhereTerm.idx] == WhereTerm
211 **
212 ** When a term is of the form:
213 **
214 **              X <op> <expr>
215 **
216 ** where X is a column name and <op> is one of certain operators,
217 ** then WhereTerm.leftCursor and WhereTerm.u.leftColumn record the
218 ** cursor number and column number for X.  WhereTerm.eOperator records
219 ** the <op> using a bitmask encoding defined by WO_xxx below.  The
220 ** use of a bitmask encoding for the operator allows us to search
221 ** quickly for terms that match any of several different operators.
222 **
223 ** A WhereTerm might also be two or more subterms connected by OR:
224 **
225 **         (t1.X <op> <expr>) OR (t1.Y <op> <expr>) OR ....
226 **
227 ** In this second case, wtFlag has the TERM_ORINFO bit set and eOperator==WO_OR
228 ** and the WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo field points to auxiliary information that
229 ** is collected about the OR clause.
230 **
231 ** If a term in the WHERE clause does not match either of the two previous
232 ** categories, then eOperator==0.  The WhereTerm.pExpr field is still set
233 ** to the original subexpression content and wtFlags is set up appropriately
234 ** but no other fields in the WhereTerm object are meaningful.
235 **
236 ** When eOperator!=0, prereqRight and prereqAll record sets of cursor numbers,
237 ** but they do so indirectly.  A single WhereMaskSet structure translates
238 ** cursor number into bits and the translated bit is stored in the prereq
239 ** fields.  The translation is used in order to maximize the number of
240 ** bits that will fit in a Bitmask.  The VDBE cursor numbers might be
241 ** spread out over the non-negative integers.  For example, the cursor
242 ** numbers might be 3, 8, 9, 10, 20, 23, 41, and 45.  The WhereMaskSet
243 ** translates these sparse cursor numbers into consecutive integers
244 ** beginning with 0 in order to make the best possible use of the available
245 ** bits in the Bitmask.  So, in the example above, the cursor numbers
246 ** would be mapped into integers 0 through 7.
247 **
248 ** The number of terms in a join is limited by the number of bits
249 ** in prereqRight and prereqAll.  The default is 64 bits, hence SQLite
250 ** is only able to process joins with 64 or fewer tables.
251 */
252 struct WhereTerm {
253   Expr *pExpr;            /* Pointer to the subexpression that is this term */
254   WhereClause *pWC;       /* The clause this term is part of */
255   LogEst truthProb;       /* Probability of truth for this expression */
256   u16 wtFlags;            /* TERM_xxx bit flags.  See below */
257   u16 eOperator;          /* A WO_xx value describing <op> */
258   u8 nChild;              /* Number of children that must disable us */
259   u8 eMatchOp;            /* Op for vtab MATCH/LIKE/GLOB/REGEXP terms */
260   int iParent;            /* Disable pWC->a[iParent] when this term disabled */
261   int leftCursor;         /* Cursor number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
262   int iField;             /* Field in (?,?,?) IN (SELECT...) vector */
263   union {
264     int leftColumn;         /* Column number of X in "X <op> <expr>" */
265     WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;   /* Extra information if (eOperator & WO_OR)!=0 */
266     WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo; /* Extra information if (eOperator& WO_AND)!=0 */
267   } u;
268   Bitmask prereqRight;    /* Bitmask of tables used by pExpr->pRight */
269   Bitmask prereqAll;      /* Bitmask of tables referenced by pExpr */
270 };
271 
272 /*
273 ** Allowed values of WhereTerm.wtFlags
274 */
275 #define TERM_DYNAMIC    0x01   /* Need to call sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr) */
276 #define TERM_VIRTUAL    0x02   /* Added by the optimizer.  Do not code */
277 #define TERM_CODED      0x04   /* This term is already coded */
278 #define TERM_COPIED     0x08   /* Has a child */
279 #define TERM_ORINFO     0x10   /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo object */
280 #define TERM_ANDINFO    0x20   /* Need to free the WhereTerm.u.pAndInfo obj */
281 #define TERM_OR_OK      0x40   /* Used during OR-clause processing */
282 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
283 #  define TERM_VNULL    0x80   /* Manufactured x>NULL or x<=NULL term */
284 #else
285 #  define TERM_VNULL    0x00   /* Disabled if not using stat3 */
286 #endif
287 #define TERM_LIKEOPT    0x100  /* Virtual terms from the LIKE optimization */
288 #define TERM_LIKECOND   0x200  /* Conditionally this LIKE operator term */
289 #define TERM_LIKE       0x400  /* The original LIKE operator */
290 #define TERM_IS         0x800  /* Term.pExpr is an IS operator */
291 #define TERM_VARSELECT  0x1000 /* Term.pExpr contains a correlated sub-query */
292 
293 /*
294 ** An instance of the WhereScan object is used as an iterator for locating
295 ** terms in the WHERE clause that are useful to the query planner.
296 */
297 struct WhereScan {
298   WhereClause *pOrigWC;      /* Original, innermost WhereClause */
299   WhereClause *pWC;          /* WhereClause currently being scanned */
300   const char *zCollName;     /* Required collating sequence, if not NULL */
301   Expr *pIdxExpr;            /* Search for this index expression */
302   char idxaff;               /* Must match this affinity, if zCollName!=NULL */
303   unsigned char nEquiv;      /* Number of entries in aEquiv[] */
304   unsigned char iEquiv;      /* Next unused slot in aEquiv[] */
305   u32 opMask;                /* Acceptable operators */
306   int k;                     /* Resume scanning at this->pWC->a[this->k] */
307   int aiCur[11];             /* Cursors in the equivalence class */
308   i16 aiColumn[11];          /* Corresponding column number in the eq-class */
309 };
310 
311 /*
312 ** An instance of the following structure holds all information about a
313 ** WHERE clause.  Mostly this is a container for one or more WhereTerms.
314 **
315 ** Explanation of pOuter:  For a WHERE clause of the form
316 **
317 **           a AND ((b AND c) OR (d AND e)) AND f
318 **
319 ** There are separate WhereClause objects for the whole clause and for
320 ** the subclauses "(b AND c)" and "(d AND e)".  The pOuter field of the
321 ** subclauses points to the WhereClause object for the whole clause.
322 */
323 struct WhereClause {
324   WhereInfo *pWInfo;       /* WHERE clause processing context */
325   WhereClause *pOuter;     /* Outer conjunction */
326   u8 op;                   /* Split operator.  TK_AND or TK_OR */
327   u8 hasOr;                /* True if any a[].eOperator is WO_OR */
328   int nTerm;               /* Number of terms */
329   int nSlot;               /* Number of entries in a[] */
330   WhereTerm *a;            /* Each a[] describes a term of the WHERE cluase */
331 #if defined(SQLITE_SMALL_STACK)
332   WhereTerm aStatic[1];    /* Initial static space for a[] */
333 #else
334   WhereTerm aStatic[8];    /* Initial static space for a[] */
335 #endif
336 };
337 
338 /*
339 ** A WhereTerm with eOperator==WO_OR has its u.pOrInfo pointer set to
340 ** a dynamically allocated instance of the following structure.
341 */
342 struct WhereOrInfo {
343   WhereClause wc;          /* Decomposition into subterms */
344   Bitmask indexable;       /* Bitmask of all indexable tables in the clause */
345 };
346 
347 /*
348 ** A WhereTerm with eOperator==WO_AND has its u.pAndInfo pointer set to
349 ** a dynamically allocated instance of the following structure.
350 */
351 struct WhereAndInfo {
352   WhereClause wc;          /* The subexpression broken out */
353 };
354 
355 /*
356 ** An instance of the following structure keeps track of a mapping
357 ** between VDBE cursor numbers and bits of the bitmasks in WhereTerm.
358 **
359 ** The VDBE cursor numbers are small integers contained in
360 ** SrcList_item.iCursor and Expr.iTable fields.  For any given WHERE
361 ** clause, the cursor numbers might not begin with 0 and they might
362 ** contain gaps in the numbering sequence.  But we want to make maximum
363 ** use of the bits in our bitmasks.  This structure provides a mapping
364 ** from the sparse cursor numbers into consecutive integers beginning
365 ** with 0.
366 **
367 ** If WhereMaskSet.ix[A]==B it means that The A-th bit of a Bitmask
368 ** corresponds VDBE cursor number B.  The A-th bit of a bitmask is 1<<A.
369 **
370 ** For example, if the WHERE clause expression used these VDBE
371 ** cursors:  4, 5, 8, 29, 57, 73.  Then the  WhereMaskSet structure
372 ** would map those cursor numbers into bits 0 through 5.
373 **
374 ** Note that the mapping is not necessarily ordered.  In the example
375 ** above, the mapping might go like this:  4->3, 5->1, 8->2, 29->0,
376 ** 57->5, 73->4.  Or one of 719 other combinations might be used. It
377 ** does not really matter.  What is important is that sparse cursor
378 ** numbers all get mapped into bit numbers that begin with 0 and contain
379 ** no gaps.
380 */
381 struct WhereMaskSet {
382   int bVarSelect;               /* Used by sqlite3WhereExprUsage() */
383   int n;                        /* Number of assigned cursor values */
384   int ix[BMS];                  /* Cursor assigned to each bit */
385 };
386 
387 /*
388 ** Initialize a WhereMaskSet object
389 */
390 #define initMaskSet(P)  (P)->n=0
391 
392 /*
393 ** This object is a convenience wrapper holding all information needed
394 ** to construct WhereLoop objects for a particular query.
395 */
396 struct WhereLoopBuilder {
397   WhereInfo *pWInfo;        /* Information about this WHERE */
398   WhereClause *pWC;         /* WHERE clause terms */
399   ExprList *pOrderBy;       /* ORDER BY clause */
400   WhereLoop *pNew;          /* Template WhereLoop */
401   WhereOrSet *pOrSet;       /* Record best loops here, if not NULL */
402 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
403   UnpackedRecord *pRec;     /* Probe for stat4 (if required) */
404   int nRecValid;            /* Number of valid fields currently in pRec */
405 #endif
406   unsigned int bldFlags;    /* SQLITE_BLDF_* flags */
407   unsigned int iPlanLimit;  /* Search limiter */
408 };
409 
410 /* Allowed values for WhereLoopBuider.bldFlags */
411 #define SQLITE_BLDF_INDEXED  0x0001   /* An index is used */
412 #define SQLITE_BLDF_UNIQUE   0x0002   /* All keys of a UNIQUE index used */
413 
414 /* The WhereLoopBuilder.iPlanLimit is used to limit the number of
415 ** index+constraint combinations the query planner will consider for a
416 ** particular query.  If this parameter is unlimited, then certain
417 ** pathological queries can spend excess time in the sqlite3WhereBegin()
418 ** routine.  The limit is high enough that is should not impact real-world
419 ** queries.
420 **
421 ** SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT is the baseline limit.  The limit is
422 ** increased by SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR before each term of the FROM
423 ** clause is processed, so that every table in a join is guaranteed to be
424 ** able to propose a some index+constraint combinations even if the initial
425 ** baseline limit was exhausted by prior tables of the join.
426 */
427 #ifndef SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT
428 # define SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT 20000
429 #endif
430 #ifndef SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR
431 # define SQLITE_QUERY_PLANNER_LIMIT_INCR 1000
432 #endif
433 
434 /*
435 ** The WHERE clause processing routine has two halves.  The
436 ** first part does the start of the WHERE loop and the second
437 ** half does the tail of the WHERE loop.  An instance of
438 ** this structure is returned by the first half and passed
439 ** into the second half to give some continuity.
440 **
441 ** An instance of this object holds the complete state of the query
442 ** planner.
443 */
444 struct WhereInfo {
445   Parse *pParse;            /* Parsing and code generating context */
446   SrcList *pTabList;        /* List of tables in the join */
447   ExprList *pOrderBy;       /* The ORDER BY clause or NULL */
448   ExprList *pResultSet;     /* Result set of the query */
449   Expr *pWhere;             /* The complete WHERE clause */
450   LogEst iLimit;            /* LIMIT if wctrlFlags has WHERE_USE_LIMIT */
451   int aiCurOnePass[2];      /* OP_OpenWrite cursors for the ONEPASS opt */
452   int iContinue;            /* Jump here to continue with next record */
453   int iBreak;               /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
454   int savedNQueryLoop;      /* pParse->nQueryLoop outside the WHERE loop */
455   u16 wctrlFlags;           /* Flags originally passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
456   u8 nLevel;                /* Number of nested loop */
457   i8 nOBSat;                /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied by indices */
458   u8 sorted;                /* True if really sorted (not just grouped) */
459   u8 eOnePass;              /* ONEPASS_OFF, or _SINGLE, or _MULTI */
460   u8 untestedTerms;         /* Not all WHERE terms resolved by outer loop */
461   u8 eDistinct;             /* One of the WHERE_DISTINCT_* values */
462   u8 bOrderedInnerLoop;     /* True if only the inner-most loop is ordered */
463   int iTop;                 /* The very beginning of the WHERE loop */
464   WhereLoop *pLoops;        /* List of all WhereLoop objects */
465   Bitmask revMask;          /* Mask of ORDER BY terms that need reversing */
466   LogEst nRowOut;           /* Estimated number of output rows */
467   WhereClause sWC;          /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
468   WhereMaskSet sMaskSet;    /* Map cursor numbers to bitmasks */
469   WhereLevel a[1];          /* Information about each nest loop in WHERE */
470 };
471 
472 /*
473 ** Private interfaces - callable only by other where.c routines.
474 **
475 ** where.c:
476 */
477 Bitmask sqlite3WhereGetMask(WhereMaskSet*,int);
478 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
479 void sqlite3WhereClausePrint(WhereClause *pWC);
480 #endif
481 WhereTerm *sqlite3WhereFindTerm(
482   WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause to be searched */
483   int iCur,             /* Cursor number of LHS */
484   int iColumn,          /* Column number of LHS */
485   Bitmask notReady,     /* RHS must not overlap with this mask */
486   u32 op,               /* Mask of WO_xx values describing operator */
487   Index *pIdx           /* Must be compatible with this index, if not NULL */
488 );
489 
490 /* wherecode.c: */
491 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
492 int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
493   Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
494   SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
495   WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
496   u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
497 );
498 #else
499 # define sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(u,v,w,x) 0
500 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
501 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
502 void sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(
503   Vdbe *v,                        /* Vdbe to add scanstatus entry to */
504   SrcList *pSrclist,              /* FROM clause pLvl reads data from */
505   WhereLevel *pLvl,               /* Level to add scanstatus() entry for */
506   int addrExplain                 /* Address of OP_Explain (or 0) */
507 );
508 #else
509 # define sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(a, b, c, d) ((void)d)
510 #endif
511 Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
512   Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
513   Vdbe *v,             /* Prepared statement under construction */
514   WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
515   int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
516   WhereLevel *pLevel,  /* The current level pointer */
517   Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
518 );
519 
520 /* whereexpr.c: */
521 void sqlite3WhereClauseInit(WhereClause*,WhereInfo*);
522 void sqlite3WhereClauseClear(WhereClause*);
523 void sqlite3WhereSplit(WhereClause*,Expr*,u8);
524 Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsage(WhereMaskSet*, Expr*);
525 Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsageNN(WhereMaskSet*, Expr*);
526 Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(WhereMaskSet*, ExprList*);
527 void sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(SrcList*, WhereClause*);
528 void sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*, WhereClause*);
529 
530 
531 
532 
533 
534 /*
535 ** Bitmasks for the operators on WhereTerm objects.  These are all
536 ** operators that are of interest to the query planner.  An
537 ** OR-ed combination of these values can be used when searching for
538 ** particular WhereTerms within a WhereClause.
539 **
540 ** Value constraints:
541 **     WO_EQ    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ
542 **     WO_LT    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT
543 **     WO_LE    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE
544 **     WO_GT    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT
545 **     WO_GE    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE
546 */
547 #define WO_IN     0x0001
548 #define WO_EQ     0x0002
549 #define WO_LT     (WO_EQ<<(TK_LT-TK_EQ))
550 #define WO_LE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_LE-TK_EQ))
551 #define WO_GT     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GT-TK_EQ))
552 #define WO_GE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GE-TK_EQ))
553 #define WO_AUX    0x0040       /* Op useful to virtual tables only */
554 #define WO_IS     0x0080
555 #define WO_ISNULL 0x0100
556 #define WO_OR     0x0200       /* Two or more OR-connected terms */
557 #define WO_AND    0x0400       /* Two or more AND-connected terms */
558 #define WO_EQUIV  0x0800       /* Of the form A==B, both columns */
559 #define WO_NOOP   0x1000       /* This term does not restrict search space */
560 
561 #define WO_ALL    0x1fff       /* Mask of all possible WO_* values */
562 #define WO_SINGLE 0x01ff       /* Mask of all non-compound WO_* values */
563 
564 /*
565 ** These are definitions of bits in the WhereLoop.wsFlags field.
566 ** The particular combination of bits in each WhereLoop help to
567 ** determine the algorithm that WhereLoop represents.
568 */
569 #define WHERE_COLUMN_EQ    0x00000001  /* x=EXPR */
570 #define WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE 0x00000002  /* x<EXPR and/or x>EXPR */
571 #define WHERE_COLUMN_IN    0x00000004  /* x IN (...) */
572 #define WHERE_COLUMN_NULL  0x00000008  /* x IS NULL */
573 #define WHERE_CONSTRAINT   0x0000000f  /* Any of the WHERE_COLUMN_xxx values */
574 #define WHERE_TOP_LIMIT    0x00000010  /* x<EXPR or x<=EXPR constraint */
575 #define WHERE_BTM_LIMIT    0x00000020  /* x>EXPR or x>=EXPR constraint */
576 #define WHERE_BOTH_LIMIT   0x00000030  /* Both x>EXPR and x<EXPR */
577 #define WHERE_IDX_ONLY     0x00000040  /* Use index only - omit table */
578 #define WHERE_IPK          0x00000100  /* x is the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
579 #define WHERE_INDEXED      0x00000200  /* WhereLoop.u.btree.pIndex is valid */
580 #define WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE 0x00000400  /* WhereLoop.u.vtab is valid */
581 #define WHERE_IN_ABLE      0x00000800  /* Able to support an IN operator */
582 #define WHERE_ONEROW       0x00001000  /* Selects no more than one row */
583 #define WHERE_MULTI_OR     0x00002000  /* OR using multiple indices */
584 #define WHERE_AUTO_INDEX   0x00004000  /* Uses an ephemeral index */
585 #define WHERE_SKIPSCAN     0x00008000  /* Uses the skip-scan algorithm */
586 #define WHERE_UNQ_WANTED   0x00010000  /* WHERE_ONEROW would have been helpful*/
587 #define WHERE_PARTIALIDX   0x00020000  /* The automatic index is partial */
588 #define WHERE_IN_EARLYOUT  0x00040000  /* Perhaps quit IN loops early */
589 
590 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_WHEREINT_H) */
591