xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision f5ed7ad6)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
16 #define _SQLITEINT_H_
17 
18 /*
19 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
20 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
21 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
22 ** that are included by this file.
23 */
24 #include "msvc.h"
25 
26 /*
27 ** Special setup for VxWorks
28 */
29 #include "vxworks.h"
30 
31 /*
32 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
33 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
34 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
35 **
36 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
37 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
38 ** code in all source files.
39 **
40 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
41 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
42 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
43 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
44 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
45 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
46 ** portability you should omit LFS.
47 **
48 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
49 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
50 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
51 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
52 **
53 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
54 */
55 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
56 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
57 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
58 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
59 # endif
60 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
61 #endif
62 
63 /* Needed for various definitions... */
64 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
65 # define _GNU_SOURCE
66 #endif
67 
68 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
69 # define _BSD_SOURCE
70 #endif
71 
72 /*
73 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
74 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
75 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
76 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
77 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
78 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
79 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
80 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
81 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
82 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
83 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
84 ** disabled.
85 */
86 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
87 # include "mingw.h"
88 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
89 # include "_mingw.h"
90 #endif
91 
92 /*
93 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
94 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
95 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
96 */
97 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
98     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
99     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
100     defined(__MSVCRT__)
101 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
102 #endif
103 
104 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
105 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
106 ** MinGW.
107 */
108 #include "sqlite3.h"
109 
110 /*
111 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
112 ** autoconf-based build
113 */
114 #ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
115 #include "config.h"
116 #endif
117 
118 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
119 
120 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
121 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
122 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
123 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
124 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
125 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
126 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
127 #endif
128 
129 /*
130 ** Include standard header files as necessary
131 */
132 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
133 #include <stdint.h>
134 #endif
135 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
136 #include <inttypes.h>
137 #endif
138 
139 /*
140 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
141 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
142 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
143 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
144 **
145 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
146 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
147 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
148 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
149 **
150 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
151 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
152 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
153 ** compiler.
154 */
155 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
156 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
157 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
158 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
159 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
160 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
161 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
162 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
163 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
164 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
165 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
166 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
167 #endif
168 
169 /*
170 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
171 ** inlined.
172 */
173 #if defined(__GNUC__)
174 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
175 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
176 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
177 #else
178 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
179 #endif
180 
181 /*
182 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
183 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
184 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
185 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
186 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
187 ** database connection at the same time.
188 **
189 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
190 ** We support that for legacy.
191 */
192 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
193 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
194 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
195 # else
196 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
197 # endif
198 #endif
199 
200 /*
201 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
202 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
203 */
204 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
205 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
206 #endif
207 
208 /*
209 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
210 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
211 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
212 */
213 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
214 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
215 #endif
216 
217 /*
218 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
219 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
220 **
221 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
222 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
223 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
224 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
225 **
226 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
227 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
228 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
229 ** assertion will be triggered.
230 **
231 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
232 ** the default.
233 */
234 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
235   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
236   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
237   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
238 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
239  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
240  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
241  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
242 #endif
243 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
244   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
245   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
246   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
247 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
248 #endif
249 
250 /*
251 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
252 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
253 */
254 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
255 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
256 #endif
257 
258 /*
259 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
260 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
261 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
262 ** it.
263 */
264 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
265 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
266 #endif
267 
268 /*
269 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
270 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
271 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
272 **
273 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
274 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
275 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
276 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
277 ** feature.
278 */
279 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
280 # define NDEBUG 1
281 #endif
282 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
283 # undef NDEBUG
284 #endif
285 
286 /*
287 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
288 */
289 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
290 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
291 #endif
292 
293 /*
294 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
295 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
296 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
297 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
298 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
299 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
300 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
301 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
302 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
303 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
304 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
305 **
306 */
307 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
308   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
309 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
310 #else
311 # define testcase(X)
312 #endif
313 
314 /*
315 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
316 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
317 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
318 */
319 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
320 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
321 #else
322 # define TESTONLY(X)
323 #endif
324 
325 /*
326 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
327 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
328 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
329 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
330 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
331 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
332 */
333 #ifndef NDEBUG
334 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
335 #else
336 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
337 #endif
338 
339 /*
340 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
341 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
342 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
343 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
344 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
345 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
346 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
347 **
348 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
349 **
350 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
351 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
352 ** not be counted as untested code.
353 */
354 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
355 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
356 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
357 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
358 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
359 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
360 #else
361 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
362 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
363 #endif
364 
365 /*
366 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
367 */
368 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
369     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
370   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
371 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
372 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
373 #else
374 # define OSTRACE(X)
375 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
376 #endif
377 
378 /*
379 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
380 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
381 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
382 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
383 */
384 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
385     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
386 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
387 #else
388 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
389 #endif
390 
391 /*
392 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
393 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
394 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
395 */
396 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
397 
398 /*
399 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
400 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
401 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
402 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
403 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
404 */
405 #define likely(X)    (X)
406 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
407 
408 #include "hash.h"
409 #include "parse.h"
410 #include <stdio.h>
411 #include <stdlib.h>
412 #include <string.h>
413 #include <assert.h>
414 #include <stddef.h>
415 
416 /*
417 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
418 ** substitute integer for floating-point
419 */
420 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
421 # define double sqlite_int64
422 # define float sqlite_int64
423 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
424 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
425 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
426 # endif
427 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
428 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
429 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
430 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
431 #endif
432 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
433 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
434 #endif
435 
436 /*
437 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
438 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
439 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
440 */
441 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
442 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
443 #else
444 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
445 #endif
446 
447 /*
448 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
449 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
450 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
451 ** that the library can read.
452 */
453 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
454 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
455 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
456 #endif
457 
458 /*
459 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
460 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
461 */
462 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
463 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
464 #endif
465 
466 /*
467 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
468 ** on the command-line
469 */
470 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
471 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
472 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
473 #endif
474 
475 /*
476 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
477 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
478 ** to zero.
479 */
480 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
481 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
482 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
483 #endif
484 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
485 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
486 #endif
487 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
488 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
489 #endif
490 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
491 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
492 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
493 #endif
494 
495 
496 /*
497 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
498 ** ourselves.
499 */
500 #ifndef offsetof
501 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
502 #endif
503 
504 /*
505 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
506 */
507 #define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
508 #define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
509 
510 /*
511 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
512 */
513 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
514 
515 /*
516 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
517 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
518 */
519 #if 'A' == '\301'
520 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
521 #else
522 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
523 #endif
524 
525 /*
526 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
527 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
528 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
529 **
530 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
531 */
532 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
533 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
534 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
535 # else
536 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
537 # endif
538 #endif
539 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
540 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
541 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
542 # else
543 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
544 # endif
545 #endif
546 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
547 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
548 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
549 # else
550 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
551 # endif
552 #endif
553 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
554 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
555 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
556 # else
557 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
558 # endif
559 #endif
560 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
561 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
562 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
563 # else
564 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
565 # endif
566 #endif
567 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
568 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
569 #endif
570 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
571 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
572 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
573 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
574 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
575 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
576 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
577 
578 /*
579 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
580 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
581 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
582 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
583 */
584 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
585 
586 /*
587 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
588 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
589 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
590 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
591 */
592 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
593  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
594 #else
595  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
596 #endif
597 
598 /*
599 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
600 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
601 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
602 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
603 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
604 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
605 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
606 **
607 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
608 **
609 ** Examples:
610 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
611 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
612 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
613 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
614 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
615 **
616 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
617 ** Examples:
618 **
619 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
620 */
621 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
622 
623 /*
624 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
625 */
626 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
627 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
628 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
629 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
630        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)
631 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
632 # else
633 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
634 # endif
635 #endif
636 
637 /*
638 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
639 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
640 **
641 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
642 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
643 ** -DSQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER=1 is set, then byte-order is determined
644 ** at run-time.
645 */
646 #ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
647 const int sqlite3one = 1;
648 #else
649 extern const int sqlite3one;
650 #endif
651 #if (defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
652      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
653      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
654      defined(__arm__)) && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
655 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
656 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
657 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
658 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
659 #endif
660 #if (defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__))  \
661     && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
662 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
663 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
664 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
665 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
666 #endif
667 #if !defined(SQLITE_BYTEORDER)
668 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    0     /* 0 means "unknown at compile-time" */
669 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
670 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
671 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
672 #endif
673 
674 /*
675 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
676 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
677 ** compilers.
678 */
679 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
680 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
681 
682 /*
683 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
684 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
685 */
686 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
687 
688 /*
689 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
690 */
691 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
692 
693 /*
694 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
695 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
696 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
697 **
698 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
699 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
700 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
701 */
702 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
703 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
704 #else
705 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
706 #endif
707 
708 /*
709 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
710 */
711 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
712 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
713 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
714 #endif
715 
716 /*
717 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
718 */
719 #ifdef __APPLE__
720 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
721 # if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
722 #   undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
723 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
724 # endif
725 #endif
726 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
727 # if defined(__linux__) \
728   || defined(_WIN32) \
729   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
730   || defined(__sun)
731 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
732 # else
733 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
734 # endif
735 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1 /* exclude from ctime.c */
736 #endif
737 
738 /*
739 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
740 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
741 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
742 */
743 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
744 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
745 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
746 #endif
747 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
748 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
749 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
750 #endif
751 
752 /*
753 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
754 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
755 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
756 */
757 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
758 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
759 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
760 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
761 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
762 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
763 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
764 #endif
765 
766 /*
767 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
768 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
769 */
770 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
771 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
772 #else
773 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
774 #endif
775 
776 /*
777 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
778 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
779 **
780 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
781 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
782 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
783 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
784 */
785 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
786 struct BusyHandler {
787   int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
788   void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
789   int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
790 };
791 
792 /*
793 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
794 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
795 ** user tables and indices.
796 */
797 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
798 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
799 
800 /*
801 ** The root-page of the master database table.
802 */
803 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
804 
805 /*
806 ** The name of the schema table.
807 */
808 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
809 
810 /*
811 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
812 ** an array.
813 */
814 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
815 
816 /*
817 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
818 */
819 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
820 
821 /*
822 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
823 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
824 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
825 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
826 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
827 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
828 */
829 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
830 
831 /*
832 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
833 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
834 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
835 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
836 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
837 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
838 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
839 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
840 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
841 **
842 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
843 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
844 */
845 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
846   #define SQLITE_WSD const
847   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
848   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
849   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
850   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
851 #else
852   #define SQLITE_WSD
853   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
854   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
855 #endif
856 
857 /*
858 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
859 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
860 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
861 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
862 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
863 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
864 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
865 **
866 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
867 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
868 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
869 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
870 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
871 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
872 */
873 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
874 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
875 
876 /*
877 ** Forward references to structures
878 */
879 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
880 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
881 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
882 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
883 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
884 typedef struct Column Column;
885 typedef struct Db Db;
886 typedef struct Schema Schema;
887 typedef struct Expr Expr;
888 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
889 typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
890 typedef struct FKey FKey;
891 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
892 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
893 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
894 typedef struct IdList IdList;
895 typedef struct Index Index;
896 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
897 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
898 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
899 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
900 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
901 typedef struct Module Module;
902 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
903 typedef struct Parse Parse;
904 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
905 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
906 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
907 typedef struct Select Select;
908 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
909 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
910 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
911 typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
912 typedef struct Table Table;
913 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
914 typedef struct Token Token;
915 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
916 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
917 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
918 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
919 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
920 typedef struct VTable VTable;
921 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
922 typedef struct Walker Walker;
923 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
924 typedef struct With With;
925 
926 /*
927 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
928 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
929 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
930 */
931 #include "btree.h"
932 #include "vdbe.h"
933 #include "pager.h"
934 #include "pcache.h"
935 
936 #include "os.h"
937 #include "mutex.h"
938 
939 
940 /*
941 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
942 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
943 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
944 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
945 ** databases may be attached.
946 */
947 struct Db {
948   char *zName;         /* Name of this database */
949   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
950   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
951   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
952 };
953 
954 /*
955 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
956 **
957 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
958 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
959 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
960 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
961 **
962 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
963 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
964 ** sqlite3_close().
965 *
966 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
967 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
968 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
969 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
970 */
971 struct Schema {
972   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
973   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
974   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
975   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
976   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
977   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
978   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
979   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
980   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
981   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
982   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
983 };
984 
985 /*
986 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
987 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
988 */
989 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
990 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
991 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
992 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
993 
994 /*
995 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
996 **
997 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
998 ** read into internal hash tables.
999 **
1000 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1001 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1002 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1003 */
1004 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1005 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1006 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1007 
1008 /*
1009 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1010 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1011 */
1012 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1013 
1014 /*
1015 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1016 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1017 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1018 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1019 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1020 ** SQL statements.
1021 **
1022 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1023 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1024 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1025 ** objects.
1026 **
1027 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1028 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1029 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1030 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1031 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1032 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1033 */
1034 struct Lookaside {
1035   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1036   u8 bEnabled;            /* False to disable new lookaside allocations */
1037   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1038   int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
1039   int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
1040   int anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1041   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1042   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1043   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1044 };
1045 struct LookasideSlot {
1046   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1047 };
1048 
1049 /*
1050 ** A hash table for function definitions.
1051 **
1052 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1053 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.pHash chain.
1054 */
1055 struct FuncDefHash {
1056   FuncDef *a[23];       /* Hash table for functions */
1057 };
1058 
1059 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1060 /*
1061 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1062 ** to manage user authentication.
1063 */
1064 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1065 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1066   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1067   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1068   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1069   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1070 };
1071 
1072 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1073 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1074 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1075 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1076 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1077 
1078 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1079 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1080 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1081 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1082 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1083 
1084 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1085 
1086 /*
1087 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1088 */
1089 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1090   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1091                                const char*, const char*);
1092 #else
1093   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1094                                const char*);
1095 #endif
1096 
1097 
1098 /*
1099 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1100 */
1101 struct sqlite3 {
1102   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1103   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1104   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1105   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1106   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1107   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1108   int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
1109   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1110   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1111   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1112   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1113   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1114   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1115   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1116   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1117   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1118   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1119   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1120   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1121   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1122   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1123   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1124   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1125   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1126   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1127   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1128   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1129   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1130   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1131     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1132     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1133     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1134     u8 orphanTrigger;           /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1135     u8 imposterTable;           /* Building an imposter table */
1136   } init;
1137   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1138   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1139   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1140   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1141   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1142   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1143   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1144   void (*xTrace)(void*,const char*);        /* Trace function */
1145   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1146   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1147   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1148   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1149   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1150   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1151   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1152   void *pUpdateArg;
1153   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1154 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1155   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1156   void *pWalArg;
1157 #endif
1158   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1159   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1160   void *pCollNeededArg;
1161   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1162   union {
1163     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1164     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1165   } u1;
1166   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1167 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1168   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1169   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1170 #endif
1171 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1172   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1173   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1174   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1175 #endif
1176 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1177   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1178   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1179   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1180   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1181   VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1182 #endif
1183   FuncDefHash aFunc;            /* Hash table of connection functions */
1184   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1185   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1186   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1187   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1188   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1189   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1190   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1191   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1192   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1193   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1194 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1195   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1196   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1197   **
1198   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1199   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1200   **
1201   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1202   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1203   ** held by Y.
1204   */
1205   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1206   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1207   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1208   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1209   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1210 #endif
1211 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1212   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1213 #endif
1214 };
1215 
1216 /*
1217 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1218 */
1219 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1220 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1221 
1222 /*
1223 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1224 */
1225 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1226 #define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1227 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000004  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1228 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000008  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1229 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000010  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1230 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000020  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1231 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1232 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1233                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1234                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1235 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1236                                           /*   result set is empty */
1237 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1238 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
1239 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1240 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x00001000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1241 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1242 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0004000  /* For shared-cache mode */
1243 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1244 #define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00010000  /* Ignore schema errors */
1245 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00020000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1246 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00040000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1247 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1248 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1249 #define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1250 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
1251 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00800000  /* True to enable triggers */
1252 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x01000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1253 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x02000000  /* Disable database changes */
1254 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x04000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1255 #define SQLITE_Vacuum         0x08000000  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1256 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x10000000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1257 
1258 
1259 /*
1260 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1261 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1262 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1263 */
1264 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1265 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
1266 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1267 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1268 /*                not used    0x0010   // Was: SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt */
1269 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1270 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
1271 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1272 #define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
1273 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
1274 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1275 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1276 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1277 
1278 /*
1279 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1280 */
1281 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
1282 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1283 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1284 #else
1285 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  0
1286 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   1
1287 #endif
1288 
1289 /*
1290 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1291 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1292 */
1293 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1294 
1295 /*
1296 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1297 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1298 ** than being distinct from one another.
1299 */
1300 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1301 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1302 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1303 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1304 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1305 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1306 
1307 /*
1308 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1309 ** structure.  A pointer to this structure is stored in the sqlite.aFunc
1310 ** hash table.  When multiple functions have the same name, the hash table
1311 ** points to a linked list of these structures.
1312 */
1313 struct FuncDef {
1314   i16 nArg;            /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1315   u16 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1316   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1317   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1318   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* Regular function */
1319   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* Aggregate step */
1320   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                /* Aggregate finalizer */
1321   char *zName;         /* SQL name of the function. */
1322   FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1323   FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1324 };
1325 
1326 /*
1327 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1328 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1329 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1330 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1331 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1332 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1333 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1334 ** FuncDestructor.
1335 **
1336 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1337 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1338 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1339 */
1340 struct FuncDestructor {
1341   int nRef;
1342   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1343   void *pUserData;
1344 };
1345 
1346 /*
1347 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1348 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  There
1349 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1350 */
1351 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1352 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1353 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1354 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1355 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called */
1356 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x040 /* Built-in length() function */
1357 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1358 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1359 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1360 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1361 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1362 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX  0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1363 
1364 /*
1365 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1366 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1367 **
1368 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1369 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1370 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1371 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1372 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1373 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1374 **
1375 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1376 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1377 **
1378 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1379 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1380 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1381 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1382 **     FUNCTION().
1383 **
1384 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1385 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1386 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1387 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1388 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1389 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1390 **     parameter.
1391 */
1392 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1393   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1394    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0, 0}
1395 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1396   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1397    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0, 0}
1398 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1399   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1400    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0, 0}
1401 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1402   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1403    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0, 0}
1404 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1405   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1406    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0, 0}
1407 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
1408   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1409    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName,0,0}
1410 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1411   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1412    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName,0,0}
1413 
1414 /*
1415 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1416 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1417 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1418 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1419 */
1420 struct Savepoint {
1421   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1422   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1423   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1424   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1425 };
1426 
1427 /*
1428 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1429 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1430 */
1431 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1432 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1433 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1434 
1435 
1436 /*
1437 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1438 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1439 ** hash table.
1440 */
1441 struct Module {
1442   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1443   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1444   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1445   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1446 };
1447 
1448 /*
1449 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1450 ** of this structure.
1451 */
1452 struct Column {
1453   char *zName;     /* Name of this column */
1454   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1455   char *zDflt;     /* Original text of the default value */
1456   char *zType;     /* Data type for this column */
1457   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1458   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1459   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1460   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of this column.  INT==1 */
1461   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1462 };
1463 
1464 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1465 */
1466 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1467 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1468 
1469 /*
1470 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1471 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1472 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1473 **
1474 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1475 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1476 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1477 */
1478 struct CollSeq {
1479   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1480   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1481   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1482   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1483   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1484 };
1485 
1486 /*
1487 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1488 */
1489 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1490 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1491 
1492 /*
1493 ** Column affinity types.
1494 **
1495 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1496 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1497 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1498 **
1499 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1500 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1501 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1502 **
1503 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1504 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1505 */
1506 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1507 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1508 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1509 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1510 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1511 
1512 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1513 
1514 /*
1515 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1516 ** affinity value.
1517 */
1518 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1519 
1520 /*
1521 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1522 ** changing the affinity.
1523 **
1524 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1525 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1526 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1527 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1528 */
1529 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1530 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1531 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1532 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1533 
1534 /*
1535 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1536 ** the database schema.
1537 **
1538 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1539 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1540 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1541 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1542 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1543 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1544 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1545 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1546 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1547 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1548 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1549 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1550 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1551 **
1552 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1553 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1554 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1555 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1556 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1557 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1558 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1559 **
1560 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1561 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1562 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1563 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1564 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1565 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1566 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1567 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1568 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1569 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1570 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1571 **
1572 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1573 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1574 ** the first argument.
1575 */
1576 struct VTable {
1577   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1578   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1579   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1580   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1581   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1582   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1583   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1584 };
1585 
1586 /*
1587 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1588 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1589 */
1590 struct Table {
1591   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1592   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1593   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1594   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1595   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1596   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1597 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
1598   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1599 #endif
1600   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1601   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1602   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1603   u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1604   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1605   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1606 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1607   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1608 #endif
1609   u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
1610   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1611 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1612   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1613 #endif
1614 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1615   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1616   char **azModuleArg;  /* Text of all module args. [0] is module name */
1617   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1618 #endif
1619   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1620   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1621   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1622 };
1623 
1624 /*
1625 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1626 **
1627 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to virtual tables that have hidden columns that are
1628 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1629 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1630 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1631 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1632 */
1633 #define TF_Readonly        0x01    /* Read-only system table */
1634 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x02    /* An ephemeral table */
1635 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x04    /* Table has a primary key */
1636 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x08    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
1637 #define TF_Virtual         0x10    /* Is a virtual table */
1638 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x20    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
1639 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x40    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
1640 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x80    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
1641 
1642 
1643 /*
1644 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
1645 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
1646 ** table support is omitted from the build.
1647 */
1648 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1649 #  define IsVirtual(X)      (((X)->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0)
1650 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1651 #else
1652 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
1653 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X) 0
1654 #endif
1655 
1656 /* Does the table have a rowid */
1657 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
1658 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
1659 
1660 /*
1661 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
1662 **
1663 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
1664 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
1665 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
1666 ** Consider this example:
1667 **
1668 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
1669 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
1670 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
1671 **     );
1672 **
1673 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
1674 ** Equivalent names:
1675 **
1676 **     from-table == child-table
1677 **       to-table == parent-table
1678 **
1679 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
1680 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
1681 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
1682 **
1683 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
1684 **
1685 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
1686 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
1687 */
1688 struct FKey {
1689   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
1690   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
1691   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
1692   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
1693   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
1694   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
1695   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
1696   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
1697   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
1698   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
1699   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
1700     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
1701     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
1702   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
1703 };
1704 
1705 /*
1706 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
1707 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
1708 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
1709 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
1710 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
1711 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
1712 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
1713 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
1714 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
1715 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
1716 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
1717 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
1718 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
1719 **
1720 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
1721 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
1722 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
1723 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
1724 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
1725 ** foreign key.
1726 **
1727 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
1728 ** of action to take.
1729 */
1730 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
1731 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
1732 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
1733 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
1734 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
1735 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
1736 
1737 #define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
1738 #define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
1739 #define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
1740 #define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
1741 
1742 #define OE_Default  10  /* Do whatever the default action is */
1743 
1744 
1745 /*
1746 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
1747 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
1748 ** comparison of the two index keys.
1749 **
1750 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
1751 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
1752 ** for the rowid at the end.
1753 */
1754 struct KeyInfo {
1755   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
1756   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
1757   u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
1758   u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
1759   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
1760   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
1761   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
1762 };
1763 
1764 /*
1765 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about a
1766 ** single index record that has already been parsed out into individual
1767 ** values.
1768 **
1769 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
1770 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
1771 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
1772 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
1773 ** OP_Column opcode.
1774 **
1775 ** This structure holds a record that has already been disassembled
1776 ** into its constituent fields.
1777 **
1778 ** The r1 and r2 member variables are only used by the optimized comparison
1779 ** functions vdbeRecordCompareInt() and vdbeRecordCompareString().
1780 */
1781 struct UnpackedRecord {
1782   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
1783   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
1784   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
1785   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
1786   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
1787   int r1;             /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
1788   int r2;             /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
1789 };
1790 
1791 
1792 /*
1793 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
1794 ** instance of the following structure.
1795 **
1796 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
1797 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
1798 ** we have the following table and index:
1799 **
1800 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
1801 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
1802 **
1803 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
1804 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
1805 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
1806 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
1807 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
1808 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
1809 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
1810 **
1811 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
1812 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
1813 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
1814 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
1815 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
1816 ** element.
1817 **
1818 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
1819 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
1820 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
1821 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
1822 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
1823 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
1824 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
1825 */
1826 struct Index {
1827   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
1828   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
1829   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
1830   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
1831   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1832   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
1833   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
1834   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
1835   char **azColl;           /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
1836   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
1837   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
1838   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
1839   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
1840   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
1841   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
1842   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
1843   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
1844   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
1845   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
1846   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
1847   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
1848 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
1849   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
1850   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
1851   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
1852   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
1853   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
1854   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
1855 #endif
1856 };
1857 
1858 /*
1859 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
1860 */
1861 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
1862 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
1863 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
1864 
1865 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
1866 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
1867 
1868 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
1869 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
1870 
1871 /*
1872 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
1873 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
1874 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
1875 */
1876 struct IndexSample {
1877   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
1878   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
1879   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
1880   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
1881   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
1882 };
1883 
1884 /*
1885 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
1886 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
1887 **
1888 ** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
1889 ** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
1890 ** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
1891 */
1892 struct Token {
1893   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
1894   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
1895 };
1896 
1897 /*
1898 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
1899 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
1900 **
1901 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
1902 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
1903 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
1904 ** code for that node.
1905 **
1906 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
1907 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
1908 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
1909 */
1910 struct AggInfo {
1911   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
1912                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
1913   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
1914                           ** than the source table */
1915   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
1916   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
1917   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
1918   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
1919   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
1920   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
1921     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
1922     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
1923     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
1924     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
1925     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
1926     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
1927   } *aCol;
1928   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
1929   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
1930                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
1931                           ** aggregate functions */
1932   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
1933     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
1934     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
1935     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
1936     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
1937   } *aFunc;
1938   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
1939 };
1940 
1941 /*
1942 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
1943 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
1944 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
1945 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
1946 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
1947 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
1948 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
1949 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
1950 */
1951 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
1952 typedef i16 ynVar;
1953 #else
1954 typedef int ynVar;
1955 #endif
1956 
1957 /*
1958 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
1959 ** of this structure.
1960 **
1961 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
1962 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
1963 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
1964 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
1965 ** tree.
1966 **
1967 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
1968 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
1969 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
1970 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
1971 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
1972 **
1973 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
1974 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
1975 **
1976 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
1977 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
1978 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
1979 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
1980 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
1981 ** valid.
1982 **
1983 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
1984 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
1985 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
1986 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
1987 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
1988 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
1989 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
1990 **
1991 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
1992 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
1993 ** number for that variable.
1994 **
1995 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
1996 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
1997 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
1998 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
1999 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2000 **
2001 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2002 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2003 ** corresponding table definition.
2004 **
2005 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2006 **
2007 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2008 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2009 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2010 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2011 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2012 **
2013 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2014 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2015 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2016 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2017 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2018 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2019 */
2020 struct Expr {
2021   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2022   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2023   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2024   union {
2025     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2026     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2027   } u;
2028 
2029   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2030   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2031   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2032   *********************************************************************/
2033 
2034   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2035   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2036   union {
2037     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2038     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2039   } x;
2040 
2041   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2042   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2043   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2044   *********************************************************************/
2045 
2046 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2047   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2048 #endif
2049   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2050                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2051                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2052                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood */
2053   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2054                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1). */
2055   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2056   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2057   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2058                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2059                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2060   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2061   Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
2062 };
2063 
2064 /*
2065 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2066 */
2067 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2068 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2069 #define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
2070 #define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
2071 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2072 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2073 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2074 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2075 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2076 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2077 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2078 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2079 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2080 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2081 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2082 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2083 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2084 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2085 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2086 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* Node is a SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT function */
2087 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2088 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2089 
2090 /*
2091 ** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
2092 */
2093 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */
2094 
2095 /*
2096 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2097 ** Expr.flags field.
2098 */
2099 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2100 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2101 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2102 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2103 
2104 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2105 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2106 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2107 */
2108 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2109 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2110 #else
2111 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2112 #endif
2113 
2114 /*
2115 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2116 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2117 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2118 */
2119 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2120 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2121 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2122 
2123 /*
2124 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2125 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2126 */
2127 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2128 
2129 /*
2130 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2131 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2132 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2133 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2134 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2135 ** field is not used.
2136 **
2137 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2138 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2139 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2140 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2141 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2142 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2143 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2144 */
2145 struct ExprList {
2146   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2147   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2148     Expr *pExpr;            /* The list of expressions */
2149     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2150     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2151     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2152     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2153     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2154     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2155     union {
2156       struct {
2157         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2158         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2159       } x;
2160       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2161     } u;
2162   } *a;                  /* Alloc a power of two greater or equal to nExpr */
2163 };
2164 
2165 /*
2166 ** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
2167 ** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
2168 ** expression.
2169 */
2170 struct ExprSpan {
2171   Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
2172   const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
2173   const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
2174 };
2175 
2176 /*
2177 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2178 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2179 **
2180 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2181 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2182 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2183 **
2184 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2185 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2186 **
2187 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2188 **
2189 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2190 */
2191 struct IdList {
2192   struct IdList_item {
2193     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2194     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2195   } *a;
2196   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2197 };
2198 
2199 /*
2200 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
2201 **
2202 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
2203 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
2204 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
2205 */
2206 typedef u64 Bitmask;
2207 
2208 /*
2209 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
2210 */
2211 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
2212 
2213 /*
2214 ** A bit in a Bitmask
2215 */
2216 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
2217 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
2218 
2219 /*
2220 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2221 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2222 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2223 **
2224 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2225 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2226 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2227 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2228 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2229 **
2230 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2231 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2232 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2233 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2234 **
2235 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2236 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2237 */
2238 struct SrcList {
2239   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2240   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2241   struct SrcList_item {
2242     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2243     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2244     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2245     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2246     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2247     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2248     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2249     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2250     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2251     u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this able and the previous */
2252     unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2253     unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2254     unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2255     unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2256 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2257     u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
2258 #endif
2259     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2260     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2261     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2262     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2263     char *zIndexedBy; /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2264     Index *pIndex;    /* Index structure corresponding to zIndex, if any */
2265   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2266 };
2267 
2268 /*
2269 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2270 */
2271 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2272 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2273 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2274 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2275 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2276 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2277 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2278 
2279 
2280 /*
2281 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2282 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2283 */
2284 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2285 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2286 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2287 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2288 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0008 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2289 #define WHERE_OMIT_OPEN_CLOSE  0x0010 /* Table cursors are already open */
2290 #define WHERE_FORCE_TABLE      0x0020 /* Do not use an index-only search */
2291 #define WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY    0x0040 /* Only code the 1st table in pTabList */
2292 #define WHERE_NO_AUTOINDEX     0x0080 /* Disallow automatic indexes */
2293 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0100 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2294 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0200 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2295 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0400 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2296 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0800 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2297 #define WHERE_REOPEN_IDX       0x1000 /* Try to use OP_ReopenIdx */
2298 
2299 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2300 */
2301 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2302 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2303 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2304 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2305 
2306 /*
2307 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2308 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2309 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2310 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2311 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2312 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2313 ** other statements.
2314 **
2315 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2316 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2317 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2318 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2319 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2320 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2321 **
2322 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2323 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2324 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2325 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2326 */
2327 struct NameContext {
2328   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2329   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2330   ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2331   AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2332   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2333   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2334   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2335   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2336 };
2337 
2338 /*
2339 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2340 **
2341 ** Note:  NC_MinMaxAgg must have the same value as SF_MinMaxAgg and
2342 ** SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX.
2343 **
2344 */
2345 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2346 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0002  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2347 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2348 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2349 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0010  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2350 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2351 
2352 /*
2353 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2354 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2355 **
2356 ** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
2357 ** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
2358 ** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
2359 ** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
2360 ** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
2361 **
2362 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2363 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2364 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2365 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2366 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2367 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2368 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2369 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2370 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2371 */
2372 struct Select {
2373   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2374   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2375   u16 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2376   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2377 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2378   char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
2379 #endif
2380   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2381   u64 nSelectRow;        /* Estimated number of result rows */
2382   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2383   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2384   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2385   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2386   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2387   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2388   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2389   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2390   Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
2391   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2392 };
2393 
2394 /*
2395 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2396 ** "Select Flag".
2397 */
2398 #define SF_Distinct        0x0001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2399 #define SF_All             0x0002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2400 #define SF_Resolved        0x0004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2401 #define SF_Aggregate       0x0008  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2402 #define SF_UsesEphemeral   0x0010  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2403 #define SF_Expanded        0x0020  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2404 #define SF_HasTypeInfo     0x0040  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2405 #define SF_Compound        0x0080  /* Part of a compound query */
2406 #define SF_Values          0x0100  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2407 #define SF_MultiValue      0x0200  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2408 #define SF_NestedFrom      0x0400  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2409 #define SF_MaybeConvert    0x0800  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2410 #define SF_MinMaxAgg       0x1000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2411 #define SF_Recursive       0x2000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2412 #define SF_Converted       0x4000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2413 
2414 
2415 /*
2416 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2417 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2418 ** Type".
2419 **
2420 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2421 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2422 **
2423 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2424 **
2425 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2426 **                     set is not empty.
2427 **
2428 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2429 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2430 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2431 **
2432 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2433 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2434 **
2435 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2436 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2437 **
2438 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2439 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2440 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2441 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2442 **
2443 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2444 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2445 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2446 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2447 **
2448 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2449 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2450 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2451 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2452 **                     the table first.
2453 **
2454 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2455 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2456 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2457 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2458 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2459 **
2460 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2461 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2462 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2463 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2464 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2465 **
2466 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2467 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2468 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2469 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2470 **
2471 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2472 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2473 **                     are distinct.
2474 **
2475 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2476 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2477 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2478 */
2479 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2480 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2481 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2482 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2483 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2484 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2485 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2486 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2487 
2488 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2489 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2490 
2491 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2492 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2493 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2494 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2495 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2496 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2497 
2498 /*
2499 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2500 ** a SELECT statement.
2501 */
2502 struct SelectDest {
2503   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2504   char affSdst;        /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2505   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2506   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2507   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2508   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2509 };
2510 
2511 /*
2512 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2513 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2514 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2515 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2516 ** information in case inserts are down within triggers.  Triggers do not
2517 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2518 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2519 */
2520 struct AutoincInfo {
2521   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2522   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2523   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2524   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2525 };
2526 
2527 /*
2528 ** Size of the column cache
2529 */
2530 #ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
2531 # define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
2532 #endif
2533 
2534 /*
2535 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2536 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2537 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
2538 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
2539 ** completed.
2540 **
2541 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
2542 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
2543 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
2544 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
2545 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
2546 **
2547 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
2548 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
2549 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
2550 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
2551 */
2552 struct TriggerPrg {
2553   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
2554   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
2555   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
2556   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
2557   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
2558 };
2559 
2560 /*
2561 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
2562 */
2563 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
2564   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
2565 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
2566 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
2567 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
2568 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
2569 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
2570 #else
2571   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
2572 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
2573 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
2574 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
2575 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
2576 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
2577 #endif
2578 
2579 /*
2580 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
2581 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
2582 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
2583 **
2584 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
2585 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
2586 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
2587 ** each recursion.
2588 **
2589 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
2590 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
2591 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
2592 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
2593 ** list.
2594 */
2595 struct Parse {
2596   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
2597   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
2598   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
2599   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
2600   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
2601   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
2602   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
2603   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
2604   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
2605   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
2606   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2607   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
2608   int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
2609   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
2610   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
2611   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
2612   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
2613   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
2614   int nSet;            /* Number of sets used so far */
2615   int nOnce;           /* Number of OP_Once instructions so far */
2616   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2617   int iFixedOp;        /* Never back out opcodes iFixedOp-1 or earlier */
2618   int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
2619   int iPartIdxTab;     /* Table corresponding to a partial index */
2620   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
2621   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
2622   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
2623   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
2624   struct yColCache {
2625     int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
2626     i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
2627     u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
2628     int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
2629     int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
2630     int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
2631   } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
2632   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
2633   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
2634   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
2635   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
2636   int cookieValue[SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2];  /* Values of cookies to verify */
2637   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
2638   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
2639   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
2640 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2641   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
2642   int nSelectIndent;   /* How far to indent SELECTTRACE() output */
2643 #endif
2644 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
2645   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
2646   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
2647 #endif
2648   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
2649 
2650   /* Information used while coding trigger programs. */
2651   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
2652   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
2653   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateTable opcode on CREATE TABLE */
2654   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
2655   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
2656   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
2657   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
2658   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
2659   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
2660 
2661   /************************************************************************
2662   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
2663   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
2664   ** using offsetof(Parse,nVar) so the nVar field must be the first field
2665   ** in the recursive region.
2666   ************************************************************************/
2667 
2668   int nVar;                 /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
2669   int nzVar;                /* Number of available slots in azVar[] */
2670   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
2671   u8 bFreeWith;             /* True if pWith should be freed with parser */
2672   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
2673 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2674   u8 declareVtab;           /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
2675   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
2676 #endif
2677   int nAlias;               /* Number of aliased result set columns */
2678   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
2679 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2680   int iSelectId;            /* ID of current select for EXPLAIN output */
2681   int iNextSelectId;        /* Next available select ID for EXPLAIN output */
2682 #endif
2683   char **azVar;             /* Pointers to names of parameters */
2684   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
2685   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
2686   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
2687   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
2688   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
2689   Token sNameToken;         /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
2690   Token sLastToken;         /* The last token parsed */
2691 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2692   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
2693   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
2694 #endif
2695   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
2696   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
2697   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
2698 };
2699 
2700 /*
2701 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
2702 */
2703 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2704   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
2705 #else
2706   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
2707 #endif
2708 
2709 /*
2710 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
2711 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
2712 */
2713 struct AuthContext {
2714   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
2715   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
2716 };
2717 
2718 /*
2719 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
2720 */
2721 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* Set to update db->nChange */
2722 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
2723 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x02    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
2724 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
2725 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
2726 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
2727 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
2728 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
2729 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
2730 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
2731 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x04    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
2732 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
2733 
2734 /*
2735  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
2736  * struct Trigger.
2737  *
2738  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
2739  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
2740  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
2741  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
2742  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
2743  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
2744  *    struct Table.
2745  *
2746  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
2747  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
2748  */
2749 struct Trigger {
2750   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
2751   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
2752   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
2753   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
2754   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
2755   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
2756                              the <column-list> is stored here */
2757   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
2758   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
2759   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
2760   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
2761 };
2762 
2763 /*
2764 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
2765 ** determine which.
2766 **
2767 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
2768 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
2769 */
2770 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
2771 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
2772 
2773 /*
2774  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
2775  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
2776  *
2777  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
2778  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
2779  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
2780  * the first step of the trigger-program.
2781  *
2782  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
2783  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
2784  * value of "op" as follows:
2785  *
2786  * (op == TK_INSERT)
2787  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
2788  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
2789  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
2790  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
2791  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
2792  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
2793  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
2794  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
2795  *              inserted into.
2796  *
2797  * (op == TK_DELETE)
2798  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
2799  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
2800  *              Otherwise NULL.
2801  *
2802  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
2803  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
2804  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
2805  *              Otherwise NULL.
2806  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
2807  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
2808  *              argument.
2809  *
2810  */
2811 struct TriggerStep {
2812   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
2813   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
2814   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
2815   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
2816   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
2817   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
2818   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
2819   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
2820   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
2821   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
2822 };
2823 
2824 /*
2825 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
2826 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
2827 ** explicit.
2828 */
2829 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
2830 struct DbFixer {
2831   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
2832   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
2833   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
2834   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
2835   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
2836   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
2837 };
2838 
2839 /*
2840 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
2841 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
2842 */
2843 struct StrAccum {
2844   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
2845   char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
2846   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
2847   int  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
2848   int  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
2849   int  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
2850   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
2851 };
2852 #define STRACCUM_NOMEM   1
2853 #define STRACCUM_TOOBIG  2
2854 
2855 /*
2856 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
2857 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
2858 */
2859 typedef struct {
2860   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
2861   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
2862   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
2863   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
2864 } InitData;
2865 
2866 /*
2867 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
2868 **
2869 ** This structure also contains some state information.
2870 */
2871 struct Sqlite3Config {
2872   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
2873   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
2874   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
2875   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
2876   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
2877   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
2878   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
2879   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
2880   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
2881   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
2882   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
2883   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
2884   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
2885   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
2886   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
2887   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
2888   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
2889   void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
2890   int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
2891   int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
2892   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
2893   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
2894   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
2895   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
2896   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
2897   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
2898   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
2899   ** initially be zero, however. */
2900   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
2901   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
2902   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
2903   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
2904   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
2905   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
2906   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
2907   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
2908   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
2909 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
2910   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
2911   void *pSqllogArg;
2912 #endif
2913 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
2914   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
2915   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
2916   */
2917   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,int iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
2918   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
2919 #endif
2920 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
2921   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
2922 #endif
2923   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
2924 };
2925 
2926 /*
2927 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
2928 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
2929 **
2930 **     assert( X );
2931 **
2932 ** One writes:
2933 **
2934 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
2935 **
2936 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
2937 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
2938 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
2939 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
2940 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
2941 */
2942 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
2943 
2944 /*
2945 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
2946 */
2947 struct Walker {
2948   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
2949   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
2950   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
2951   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
2952   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
2953   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
2954   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
2955     NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
2956     int n;                                     /* A counter */
2957     int iCur;                                  /* A cursor number */
2958     SrcList *pSrcList;                         /* FROM clause */
2959     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;                /* Counting column references */
2960   } u;
2961 };
2962 
2963 /* Forward declarations */
2964 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
2965 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
2966 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
2967 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
2968 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
2969 
2970 /*
2971 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
2972 ** callbacks.
2973 */
2974 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
2975 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
2976 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
2977 
2978 /*
2979 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
2980 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
2981 */
2982 struct With {
2983   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
2984   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
2985   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
2986     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
2987     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
2988     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
2989     const char *zErr;               /* Error message for circular references */
2990   } a[1];
2991 };
2992 
2993 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2994 /*
2995 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
2996 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
2997 */
2998 struct TreeView {
2999   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3000   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3001 };
3002 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3003 
3004 /*
3005 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3006 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3007 */
3008 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3009   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3010     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3011   }                                                    \
3012 }
3013 
3014 /*
3015 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3016 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3017 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3018 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3019 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3020 */
3021 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3022 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3023 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3024 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3025 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3026 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3027 
3028 
3029 /*
3030 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3031 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3032 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3033 */
3034 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3035 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3036 #endif
3037 
3038 /*
3039 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3040 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3041 */
3042 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3043     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3044 # include <ctype.h>
3045 #endif
3046 
3047 /*
3048 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3049 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3050 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3051 */
3052 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3053 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3054 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3055 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3056 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3057 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3058 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3059 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3060 #else
3061 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3062 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3063 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3064 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3065 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3066 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3067 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3068 #endif
3069 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
3070 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3071 #endif
3072 
3073 /*
3074 ** Internal function prototypes
3075 */
3076 #define sqlite3StrICmp sqlite3_stricmp
3077 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3078 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3079 
3080 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3081 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3082 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3083 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3084 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3085 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3086 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3087 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3088 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3089 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3090 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3091 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3092 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3093 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3094 void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
3095 void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
3096 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3097 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3098 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3099 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3100 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3101 #endif
3102 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3103 
3104 /*
3105 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3106 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3107 ** obtain space from malloc().
3108 **
3109 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3110 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3111 */
3112 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3113 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3114 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3115 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3116 #else
3117 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3118 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3119 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3120 #endif
3121 
3122 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3123 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3124 #endif
3125 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3126 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3127 #endif
3128 
3129 
3130 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3131   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3132   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3133   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3134   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3135   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3136 #endif
3137 
3138 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3139 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3140 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3141 void sqlite3StatusSet(int, int);
3142 
3143 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3144 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3145 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3146 
3147 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3148   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3149 #else
3150 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3151 #endif
3152 
3153 /*
3154 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3155 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3156 */
3157 struct PrintfArguments {
3158   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3159   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3160   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3161 };
3162 
3163 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01
3164 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02
3165 void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, u32, const char*, va_list);
3166 void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum*, u32, const char*, ...);
3167 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3168 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3169 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3170   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3171 #endif
3172 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3173   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3174 #endif
3175 
3176 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3177   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3178   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3179   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3180 #endif
3181 
3182 
3183 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3184 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3185 int sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3186 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3187 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3188 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3189 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3190 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3191 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3192 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3193 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3194 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3195 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3196 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3197 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
3198 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3199 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
3200 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
3201 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3202 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3203 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3204 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
3205 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3206 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3207 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3208 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3209 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3210 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3211 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3212 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3213 void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
3214 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3215 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3216 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3217 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3218 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3219 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3220 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*);
3221 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3222 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3223 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3224 void sqlite3AddColumnType(Parse*,Token*);
3225 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
3226 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3227 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3228 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3229                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3230 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3231 int sqlite3CodeOnce(Parse *);
3232 
3233 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3234 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3235 #else
3236   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3237 #endif
3238 
3239 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3240 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3241 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3242 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3243 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3244 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3245 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3246 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3247 #endif
3248 
3249 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
3250 void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
3251 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3252 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3253 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3254 
3255 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,Select*,int,int);
3256 
3257 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3258   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3259 #else
3260 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3261 #endif
3262 
3263 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3264   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3265 #endif
3266 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3267 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3268 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3269 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3270   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3271   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3272 #else
3273 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3274 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3275 #endif
3276 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
3277 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3278 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
3279 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3280 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
3281 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3282 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3283                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3284 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3285 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3286 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3287 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3288 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3289 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3290 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3291 Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3292                           Expr*, int, int);
3293 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3294 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3295 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3296                          Expr*,ExprList*,u16,Expr*,Expr*);
3297 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3298 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3299 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3300 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3301 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3302 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Expr*,char*);
3303 #endif
3304 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
3305 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
3306 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3307 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3308 u64 sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3309 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3310 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3311 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3312 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3313 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3314 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3315 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3316 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3317 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3318 void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
3319 void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
3320 void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
3321 void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
3322 void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
3323 void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
3324 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3325 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3326 void sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int, u8);
3327 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3328 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3329 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3330 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, u8);
3331 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3332 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3333 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3334 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3335 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3336 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3337 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
3338 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
3339 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3340 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3341 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3342 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);
3343 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*);
3344 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
3345 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3346 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
3347 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3348 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
3349 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
3350 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
3351 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
3352 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3353 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
3354 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
3355 #endif
3356 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
3357 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
3358 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
3359 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
3360 void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
3361 void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
3362 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
3363 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
3364 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
3365 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
3366 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
3367 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
3368 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
3369 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
3370 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
3371 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
3372 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
3373 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8);
3374 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*);
3375 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
3376 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
3377 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
3378                                      u8,u8,int,int*);
3379 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
3380 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int, u8*, int*, int*);
3381 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
3382 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
3383 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
3384 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
3385 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
3386 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
3387 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
3388 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
3389 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
3390 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
3391 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
3392 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3393 void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
3394 #else
3395 # define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
3396 #endif
3397 void sqlite3FuncDefInsert(FuncDefHash*, FuncDef*);
3398 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,u8,u8);
3399 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
3400 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
3401 void sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions(void);
3402 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
3403 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
3404 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
3405 
3406 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3407 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
3408 #endif
3409 
3410 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
3411   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
3412                            Expr*,int, int);
3413   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
3414   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3415   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
3416   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
3417   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
3418   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
3419                             int, int, int);
3420   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
3421   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
3422   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
3423   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
3424   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
3425                                         Select*,u8);
3426   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
3427   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
3428   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
3429   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3430   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
3431 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
3432 #else
3433 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
3434 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
3435 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
3436 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
3437 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
3438 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
3439 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
3440 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
3441 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
3442 #endif
3443 
3444 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
3445 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
3446 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
3447 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
3448   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
3449   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3450   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
3451   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
3452   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
3453 #else
3454 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
3455 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
3456 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
3457 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
3458 #endif
3459 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
3460 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
3461 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
3462 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
3463 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
3464 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
3465 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
3466 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
3467 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
3468 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
3469 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
3470 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
3471 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
3472 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
3473 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
3474 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
3475 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3476 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
3477 #endif
3478 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
3479 
3480 /*
3481 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
3482 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
3483 ** file.
3484 */
3485 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
3486 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
3487 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
3488 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
3489 
3490 /*
3491 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
3492 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
3493 ** the procedure for larger varints.
3494 */
3495 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
3496   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
3497 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
3498   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
3499   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
3500 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
3501 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
3502 
3503 
3504 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Index *);
3505 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
3506 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
3507 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
3508 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
3509 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
3510 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
3511 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
3512 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
3513 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
3514 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
3515 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
3516 
3517 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
3518 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
3519 #endif
3520 
3521 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
3522 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
3523 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
3524 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
3525 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
3526 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
3527 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
3528 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
3529 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
3530 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
3531 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
3532 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
3533 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
3534 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
3535 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
3536 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
3537 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
3538 #else
3539 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
3540 #endif
3541 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
3542 
3543 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3544 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3545 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
3546                         void(*)(void*));
3547 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
3548 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
3549 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
3550 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
3551 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
3552 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
3553 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
3554 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
3555 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
3556 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
3557 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
3558 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
3559 extern SQLITE_WSD FuncDefHash sqlite3GlobalFunctions;
3560 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
3561 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
3562 #endif
3563 #endif
3564 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
3565 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
3566 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
3567 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
3568 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
3569 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3570 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
3571 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int, int);
3572 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
3573 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3574 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
3575 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
3576 void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
3577 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
3578 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
3579 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
3580 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
3581 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
3582 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, u8*);
3583 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
3584 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
3585 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
3586 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
3587 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
3588 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
3589 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
3590 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
3591 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
3592 void sqlite3MinimumFileFormat(Parse*, int, int);
3593 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
3594 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
3595 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
3596 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
3597 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
3598 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
3599 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
3600 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3601 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
3602 #endif
3603 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
3604   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
3605   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
3606   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
3607 );
3608 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
3609 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
3610 
3611 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
3612 void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
3613 void sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(StrAccum*,const char*);
3614 void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum*,int,char);
3615 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
3616 void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
3617 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
3618 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
3619 
3620 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
3621 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
3622 
3623 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
3624 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
3625 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,u8,int,int*);
3626 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
3627 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
3628 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
3629 #endif
3630 
3631 /*
3632 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
3633 */
3634 void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64));
3635 void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
3636 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
3637 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
3638   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
3639 #endif
3640 
3641 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
3642 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
3643   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
3644 #else
3645 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
3646 #endif
3647 
3648 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3649   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
3650 #else
3651   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
3652 #endif
3653 
3654 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
3655   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
3656 #endif
3657 
3658 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3659 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
3660 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
3661 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
3662 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
3663 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
3664 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
3665 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
3666 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
3667 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
3668 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
3669 #else
3670    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
3671    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
3672    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
3673    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
3674    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
3675    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
3676    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
3677    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
3678    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
3679    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
3680    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3681 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
3682 #endif
3683 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
3684 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
3685 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
3686 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
3687 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
3688 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
3689 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
3690 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
3691 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
3692 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
3693 void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
3694 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
3695 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
3696 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
3697 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
3698 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
3699 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
3700 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
3701 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
3702 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
3703 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
3704   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
3705   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
3706 #endif
3707 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
3708   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
3709   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
3710   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
3711 #else
3712 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
3713 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
3714 #endif
3715 
3716 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
3717 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
3718 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
3719 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
3720 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
3721 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
3722 */
3723 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3724   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3725   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
3726   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
3727   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
3728   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
3729   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
3730 #else
3731   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
3732   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
3733   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
3734   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
3735   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
3736 #endif
3737 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
3738   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
3739   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
3740 #else
3741   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
3742   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
3743 #endif
3744 
3745 
3746 /*
3747 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
3748 */
3749 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
3750 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
3751 
3752 /*
3753 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
3754 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3755 ** is not defined.
3756 */
3757 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3758   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
3759   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
3760 #else
3761   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
3762   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
3763 #endif
3764 
3765 /*
3766 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
3767 */
3768 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
3769 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
3770 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
3771 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
3772 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
3773 /*
3774 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
3775 */
3776 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
3777 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
3778 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
3779 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*);
3780 
3781 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
3782   int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
3783   int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
3784   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
3785   int sqlite3JournalExists(sqlite3_file *p);
3786 #else
3787   #define sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs) ((pVfs)->szOsFile)
3788   #define sqlite3JournalExists(p) 1
3789 #endif
3790 
3791 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
3792 int sqlite3MemJournalSize(void);
3793 int sqlite3IsMemJournal(sqlite3_file *);
3794 
3795 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
3796 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
3797   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
3798   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
3799 #else
3800   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
3801   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
3802 #endif
3803 
3804 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
3805 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
3806 
3807 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
3808   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
3809   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
3810   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
3811 #else
3812   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
3813   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
3814   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
3815 #endif
3816 
3817 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3818   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
3819 #endif
3820 
3821 /*
3822 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
3823 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
3824 ** print I/O tracing messages.
3825 */
3826 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
3827 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
3828   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
3829 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
3830 #else
3831 # define IOTRACE(A)
3832 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
3833 #endif
3834 
3835 /*
3836 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
3837 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
3838 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
3839 **
3840 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
3841 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
3842 ** a single bit set.
3843 **
3844 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
3845 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
3846 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
3847 **
3848 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
3849 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
3850 **
3851 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
3852 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
3853 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
3854 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
3855 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
3856 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
3857 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
3858 ** this constraint.
3859 **
3860 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
3861 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
3862 */
3863 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
3864   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
3865   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
3866   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
3867 #else
3868 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
3869 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
3870 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
3871 #endif
3872 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
3873 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
3874 #define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
3875 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
3876 
3877 /*
3878 ** Threading interface
3879 */
3880 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
3881 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
3882 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
3883 #endif
3884 
3885 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3886 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
3887 #endif
3888 
3889 #endif /* _SQLITEINT_H_ */
3890