xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision ed5e6688)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /* Needed for various definitions... */
123 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
124 # define _GNU_SOURCE
125 #endif
126 
127 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
128 # define _BSD_SOURCE
129 #endif
130 
131 /*
132 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
133 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
134 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
135 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
136 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
137 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
138 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
139 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
140 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
141 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
142 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
143 ** disabled.
144 */
145 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
146 # include "mingw.h"
147 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
148 # include "_mingw.h"
149 #endif
150 
151 /*
152 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
153 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
154 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
155 */
156 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
157     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
158     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
159     defined(__MSVCRT__)
160 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
161 #endif
162 
163 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
164 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
165 ** MinGW.
166 */
167 #include "sqlite3.h"
168 
169 /*
170 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
171 ** autoconf-based build
172 */
173 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
174 #include "config.h"
175 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
176 #endif
177 
178 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
179 
180 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
181 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
182 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
183 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
184 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
185 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
186 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190 ** Include standard header files as necessary
191 */
192 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
193 #include <stdint.h>
194 #endif
195 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
196 #include <inttypes.h>
197 #endif
198 
199 /*
200 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
201 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
202 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
203 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
204 **
205 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
206 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
207 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
208 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
209 **
210 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
211 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
212 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
213 ** compiler.
214 */
215 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
216 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
217 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
218 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
219 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
220 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
221 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
222 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
223 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
224 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
225 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
226 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
227 #endif
228 
229 /*
230 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
231 ** inlined.
232 */
233 #if defined(__GNUC__)
234 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
235 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
236 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
237 #else
238 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
239 #endif
240 
241 /*
242 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
243 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
244 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
245 */
246 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
247 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
248 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
249 #      include <intrin.h>
250 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
251 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
252 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
253 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
254 #    else
255 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
256 #    endif
257 #  endif
258 #endif
259 
260 /*
261 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
262 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
263 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
264 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
265 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
266 ** database connection at the same time.
267 **
268 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
269 ** We support that for legacy.
270 **
271 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
272 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
273 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
274 ** also be updated there.
275 */
276 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
277 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
278 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
279 # else
280 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
281 # endif
282 #endif
283 
284 /*
285 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
286 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
287 */
288 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
289 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
290 #endif
291 
292 /*
293 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
294 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
295 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
296 */
297 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
298 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
299 #endif
300 
301 /*
302 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
303 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
304 **
305 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
306 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
307 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
308 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
309 **
310 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
311 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
312 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
313 ** assertion will be triggered.
314 **
315 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
316 ** the default.
317 */
318 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
319   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
320   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
322 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
323  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
324  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
325  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
326 #endif
327 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
328   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
329   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
330   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
331 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
336 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
337 */
338 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
339 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
340 #endif
341 
342 /*
343 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
344 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
345 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
346 ** it.
347 */
348 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
349 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
350 #endif
351 
352 /*
353 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
354 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
355 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
356 **
357 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
358 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
359 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
360 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
361 ** feature.
362 */
363 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
364 # define NDEBUG 1
365 #endif
366 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
367 # undef NDEBUG
368 #endif
369 
370 /*
371 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
372 */
373 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
374 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
375 #endif
376 
377 /*
378 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
379 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
380 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
381 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
382 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
383 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
384 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
385 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
386 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
387 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
388 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
389 **
390 */
391 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
392   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
393 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
394 #else
395 # define testcase(X)
396 #endif
397 
398 /*
399 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
400 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
401 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
402 */
403 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
404 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
405 #else
406 # define TESTONLY(X)
407 #endif
408 
409 /*
410 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
411 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
412 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
413 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
414 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
415 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
416 */
417 #ifndef NDEBUG
418 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
419 #else
420 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
421 #endif
422 
423 /*
424 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
425 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
426 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
427 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
428 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
429 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
430 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
431 **
432 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
433 **
434 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
435 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
436 ** not be counted as untested code.
437 */
438 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
439 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
440 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
441 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
442 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
443 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
444 #else
445 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
446 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
447 #endif
448 
449 /*
450 ** The harmless(X) macro indicates that expression X is usually false
451 ** but can be true without causing any problems, but we don't know of
452 ** any way to cause X to be true.
453 **
454 ** In debugging and testing builds, this macro will abort if X is ever
455 ** true.  In this way, developers are alerted to a possible test case
456 ** that causes X to be true.  If a harmless macro ever fails, that is
457 ** an opportunity to change the macro into a testcase() and add a new
458 ** test case to the test suite.
459 **
460 ** For normal production builds, harmless(X) is a no-op, since it does
461 ** not matter whether expression X is true or false.
462 */
463 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
464 # define harmless(X)  assert(!(X));
465 #else
466 # define harmless(X)
467 #endif
468 
469 /*
470 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
471 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
472 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
473 **
474 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
475 */
476 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
477 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
478 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
479 #else
480 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
481 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
482 #endif
483 
484 /*
485 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
486 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
487 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
488 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
489 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
490 */
491 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
492 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
493 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
494 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
495 #else
496 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
497 #endif
498 
499 /*
500 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
501 */
502 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
503     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
504   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
505 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
506 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
507 #else
508 # define OSTRACE(X)
509 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
510 #endif
511 
512 /*
513 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
514 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
515 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
516 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
517 */
518 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
519     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
520 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
521 #else
522 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
523 #endif
524 
525 /*
526 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
527 */
528 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
529 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
530 #endif
531 
532 /*
533 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
534 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
535 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
536 */
537 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
538 
539 /*
540 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
541 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
542 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
543 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
544 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
545 */
546 #define likely(X)    (X)
547 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
548 
549 #include "hash.h"
550 #include "parse.h"
551 #include <stdio.h>
552 #include <stdlib.h>
553 #include <string.h>
554 #include <assert.h>
555 #include <stddef.h>
556 
557 /*
558 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
559 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
560 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
561 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
562 ** hack only.
563 */
564 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
565 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
566                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
567 #endif
568 
569 /*
570 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
571 ** substitute integer for floating-point
572 */
573 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
574 # define double sqlite_int64
575 # define float sqlite_int64
576 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
577 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
578 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
579 # endif
580 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
581 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
582 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
583 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
584 #endif
585 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
586 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
587 #endif
588 
589 /*
590 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
591 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
592 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
593 */
594 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
595 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
596 #else
597 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
598 #endif
599 
600 /*
601 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
602 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
603 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
604 ** that the library can read.
605 */
606 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
607 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
608 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
609 #endif
610 
611 /*
612 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
613 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
614 */
615 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
616 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
617 #endif
618 
619 /*
620 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
621 ** on the command-line
622 */
623 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
624 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
625 #endif
626 
627 /*
628 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
629 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
630 ** to zero.
631 */
632 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
633 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
634 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
635 #endif
636 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
637 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
638 #endif
639 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
640 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
641 #endif
642 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
643 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
644 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
645 #endif
646 
647 /*
648 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
649 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
650 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
651 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
652 **
653 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
654 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
655 */
656 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
657 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
658 #endif
659 
660 /*
661 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
662 */
663 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
664 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
665 #endif
666 
667 /*
668 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
669 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
670 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
671 */
672 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
673 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
674 #endif
675 
676 /*
677 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
678 ** ourselves.
679 */
680 #ifndef offsetof
681 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
682 #endif
683 
684 /*
685 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
686 */
687 #ifndef MIN
688 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
689 #endif
690 #ifndef MAX
691 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
692 #endif
693 
694 /*
695 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
696 */
697 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
698 
699 /*
700 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
701 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
702 */
703 #if 'A' == '\301'
704 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
705 #else
706 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
707 #endif
708 
709 /*
710 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
711 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
712 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
713 **
714 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
715 */
716 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
717 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
718 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
719 # else
720 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
721 # endif
722 #endif
723 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
724 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
725 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
726 # else
727 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
728 # endif
729 #endif
730 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
731 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
732 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
733 # else
734 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
735 # endif
736 #endif
737 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
738 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
739 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
740 # else
741 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
742 # endif
743 #endif
744 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
745 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
746 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
747 # else
748 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
749 # endif
750 #endif
751 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
752 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
753 #endif
754 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
755 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
756 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
757 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
758 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
759 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
760 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
761 
762 /*
763 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
764 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
765 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
766 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
767 */
768 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
769 
770 /*
771 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
772 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
773 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
774 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
775 */
776 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
777  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
778 #else
779  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
780 #endif
781 
782 /*
783 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
784 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
785 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
786 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
787 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
788 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
789 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
790 **
791 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
792 **
793 ** Examples:
794 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
795 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
796 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
797 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
798 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
799 **
800 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
801 ** Examples:
802 **
803 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
804 */
805 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
806 
807 /*
808 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
809 */
810 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
811 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
812 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
813 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
814        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
815       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
816 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
817 # else
818 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
819 # endif
820 #endif
821 
822 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
823 */
824 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
825   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
826 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
827   typedef u32 uptr;
828 #else
829   typedef u64 uptr;
830 #endif
831 
832 /*
833 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
834 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
835 **
836 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
837 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
838 ** contained within the buffer S.
839 */
840 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
841 
842 
843 /*
844 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
845 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
846 **
847 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
848 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
849 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
850 ** at run-time.
851 */
852 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
853 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
854      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
855      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
856      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
857 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
858 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
859        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
860 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
861 # else
862 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
863 # endif
864 #endif
865 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
866 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
867 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
868 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
869 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
870 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
871 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
872 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
873 #else
874 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
875   const int sqlite3one = 1;
876 # else
877   extern const int sqlite3one;
878 # endif
879 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
880 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
881 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
882 #endif
883 
884 /*
885 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
886 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
887 ** compilers.
888 */
889 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
890 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
891 
892 /*
893 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
894 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
895 */
896 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
897 
898 /*
899 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
900 */
901 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
902 
903 /*
904 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
905 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
906 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
907 **
908 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
909 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
910 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
911 */
912 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
913 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
914 #else
915 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
916 #endif
917 
918 /*
919 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
920 */
921 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
922 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
923 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
924 #endif
925 
926 /*
927 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
928 */
929 #ifdef __APPLE__
930 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
931 #endif
932 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
933 # if defined(__linux__) \
934   || defined(_WIN32) \
935   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
936   || defined(__sun) \
937   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
938   || defined(__DragonFly__)
939 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
940 # else
941 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
942 # endif
943 #endif
944 
945 /*
946 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
947 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
948 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
949 */
950 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
951 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
952 #endif
953 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
954 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
955 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
956 #endif
957 
958 /*
959 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
960 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
961 */
962 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
963 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
964 #else
965 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
966 #endif
967 
968 /*
969 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
970 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
971 **
972 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
973 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
974 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
975 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
976 */
977 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
978 struct BusyHandler {
979   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
980   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
981   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
982   u8 bExtraFileArg;                 /* Include sqlite3_file as callback arg */
983 };
984 
985 /*
986 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
987 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
988 ** user tables and indices.
989 */
990 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
991 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
992 
993 /*
994 ** The root-page of the master database table.
995 */
996 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
997 
998 /*
999 ** The name of the schema table.
1000 */
1001 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
1002 
1003 /*
1004 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1005 ** an array.
1006 */
1007 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1008 
1009 /*
1010 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1011 */
1012 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1013 
1014 /*
1015 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1016 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1017 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1018 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1019 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1020 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1021 */
1022 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
1023 
1024 /*
1025 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1026 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1027 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1028 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1029 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1030 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1031 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1032 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1033 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1034 **
1035 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1036 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1037 */
1038 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1039   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1040   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1041   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1042   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1043   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1044 #else
1045   #define SQLITE_WSD
1046   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1047   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1048 #endif
1049 
1050 /*
1051 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1052 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1053 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1054 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1055 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1056 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1057 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1058 **
1059 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1060 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1061 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1062 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1063 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1064 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1065 */
1066 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1067 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1068 
1069 /*
1070 ** Forward references to structures
1071 */
1072 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1073 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1074 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1075 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1076 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1077 typedef struct Column Column;
1078 typedef struct Db Db;
1079 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1080 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1081 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1082 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1083 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1084 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1085 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1086 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1087 typedef struct Index Index;
1088 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1089 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1090 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1091 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1092 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1093 typedef struct Module Module;
1094 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1095 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1096 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1097 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1098 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1099 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1100 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1101 typedef struct Select Select;
1102 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1103 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1104 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1105 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1106 typedef struct Table Table;
1107 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1108 typedef struct Token Token;
1109 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1110 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1111 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1112 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1113 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1114 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1115 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1116 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1117 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1118 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1119 typedef struct Window Window;
1120 typedef struct With With;
1121 
1122 
1123 /*
1124 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1125 **
1126 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1127 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1128 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1129 */
1130 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1131   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1132 #else
1133   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1134 #endif
1135 
1136 /*
1137 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1138 */
1139 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1140 
1141 /*
1142 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1143 */
1144 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1145 #define MASKBIT64(n) (((u64)1)<<(n))
1146 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1147 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1148 
1149 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1150 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1151 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1152 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1153 ** just an array of integers.
1154 */
1155 typedef int VList;
1156 
1157 /*
1158 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1159 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1160 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1161 */
1162 #include "btree.h"
1163 #include "vdbe.h"
1164 #include "pager.h"
1165 #include "pcache.h"
1166 #include "os.h"
1167 #include "mutex.h"
1168 
1169 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1170 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1171 */
1172 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1173 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1174 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1175 #endif
1176 
1177 /*
1178 ** Default synchronous levels.
1179 **
1180 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1181 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1182 **
1183 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1184 **   OFF           1                         0
1185 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1186 **   FULL          3                         2
1187 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1188 **
1189 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1190 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1191 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1192 */
1193 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1194 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1195 #endif
1196 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1197 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1198 #endif
1199 
1200 /*
1201 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1202 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1203 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1204 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1205 ** databases may be attached.
1206 */
1207 struct Db {
1208   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1209   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1210   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1211   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1212   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1213 };
1214 
1215 /*
1216 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1217 **
1218 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1219 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1220 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1221 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1222 **
1223 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1224 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1225 ** sqlite3_close().
1226 *
1227 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1228 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1229 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1230 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1231 */
1232 struct Schema {
1233   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1234   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1235   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1236   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1237   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1238   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1239   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1240   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1241   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1242   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1243   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1244 };
1245 
1246 /*
1247 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1248 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1249 */
1250 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1251 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1252 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1253 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1254 
1255 /*
1256 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1257 **
1258 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1259 ** read into internal hash tables.
1260 **
1261 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1262 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1263 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1264 */
1265 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1266 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1267 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1268 
1269 /*
1270 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1271 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1272 */
1273 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1274 
1275 /*
1276 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1277 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1278 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1279 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1280 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1281 ** SQL statements.
1282 **
1283 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1284 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1285 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1286 ** objects.
1287 **
1288 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1289 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1290 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1291 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1292 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1293 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1294 **
1295 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1296 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1297 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1298 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1299 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1300 **
1301 ** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
1302 ** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
1303 ** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
1304 ** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
1305 ** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
1306 ** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
1307 **
1308 ** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
1309 ** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
1310 ** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
1311 ** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
1312 ** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
1313 ** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
1314 ** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
1315 ** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
1316 ** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
1317 ** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
1318 ** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
1319 */
1320 struct Lookaside {
1321   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1322   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1323   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1324   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1325   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1326   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1327   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1328   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1329 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1330   LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
1331   LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
1332   void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
1333                           ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
1334 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
1335   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1336   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1337 };
1338 struct LookasideSlot {
1339   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1340 };
1341 
1342 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1343 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1344    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1345 
1346 /* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
1347 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1348 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
1349 #else
1350 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
1351 #endif
1352 
1353 /*
1354 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1355 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1356 **
1357 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1358 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1359 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1360 */
1361 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1362 struct FuncDefHash {
1363   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1364 };
1365 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1366 
1367 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1368 /*
1369 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1370 ** to manage user authentication.
1371 */
1372 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1373 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1374   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1375   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1376   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1377   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1378 };
1379 
1380 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1381 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1382 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1383 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1384 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1385 
1386 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1387 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1388 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1389 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1390 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1391 
1392 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1393 
1394 /*
1395 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1396 */
1397 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1398   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1399                                const char*, const char*);
1400 #else
1401   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1402                                const char*);
1403 #endif
1404 
1405 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1406 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1407 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1408 */
1409 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1410 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1411 #else
1412 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1413 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1414 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1415 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1416 
1417 
1418 /*
1419 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1420 */
1421 struct sqlite3 {
1422   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1423   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1424   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
1425   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1426   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1427   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1428   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1429   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1430   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1431   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1432   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1433   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1434   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1435   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1436   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1437   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1438   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1439   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1440   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1441   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1442   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1443   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1444   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1445   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1446   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1447   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1448   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1449   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1450   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1451   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1452   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1453   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1454   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1455   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1456   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1457   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1458     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1459     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1460     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1461     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1462     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1463     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1464     char **azInit;              /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1465   } init;
1466   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1467   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1468   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1469   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1470   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1471   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1472   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1473   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1474   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1475 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1476   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1477   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1478 #endif
1479   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1480   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1481   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1482   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1483   void *pUpdateArg;
1484   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1485   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1486 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1487   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1488   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1489     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1490   );
1491   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1492 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1493 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1494   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1495   void *pWalArg;
1496 #endif
1497   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1498   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1499   void *pCollNeededArg;
1500   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1501   union {
1502     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1503     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1504   } u1;
1505   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1506 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1507   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1508   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1509 #endif
1510 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1511   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1512   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1513   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1514 #endif
1515 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1516   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1517   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1518   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1519   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1520   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1521 #endif
1522   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1523   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1524   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1525   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1526   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1527   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1528   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1529   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1530   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1531   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1532   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1533 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1534   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1535   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1536   **
1537   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1538   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1539   **
1540   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1541   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1542   ** held by Y.
1543   */
1544   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1545   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1546   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1547   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1548   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1549 #endif
1550 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1551   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1552 #endif
1553 };
1554 
1555 /*
1556 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1557 */
1558 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1559 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1560 
1561 /*
1562 ** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
1563 ** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
1564 ** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
1565 */
1566 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1567 
1568 /*
1569 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1570 **
1571 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1572 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1573 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1574 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1575 */
1576 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1577 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1578 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1579 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1580 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1581 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1582 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1583 #define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
1584                                           ** vtabs in the schema definition */
1585 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1586                                           /*   result set is empty */
1587 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1588 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1589 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1590 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1591 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1592 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1593 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1594 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1595 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1596 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1597 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1598 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1599 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1600 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1601 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1602 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1603 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1604 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1605 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1606 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1607 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1608 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1609 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1610 #define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1611                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1612                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1613 
1614 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1615 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1616 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1617 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1618 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1619 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1620 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1621 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1622 #endif
1623 
1624 /*
1625 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1626 */
1627 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1628 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1629 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1630 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1631 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1632 #define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
1633 #define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
1634 
1635 /*
1636 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1637 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1638 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1639 */
1640 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1641 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x0002   /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1642 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1643 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1644 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1645 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
1646 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1647 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
1648 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1649 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
1650 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1651 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x0800   /* Use STAT4 data */
1652    /* TH3 expects the Stat4   ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
1653 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x1000   /* The push-down optimization */
1654 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x2000   /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1655 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x4000   /* Skip-scans */
1656 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x8000   /* The constant propagation opt */
1657 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1658 
1659 /*
1660 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1661 */
1662 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1663 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1664 
1665 /*
1666 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1667 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1668 */
1669 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1670 
1671 /*
1672 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1673 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1674 ** than being distinct from one another.
1675 */
1676 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1677 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1678 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1679 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1680 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1681 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1682 
1683 /*
1684 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1685 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1686 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1687 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1688 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1689 **
1690 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1691 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1692 */
1693 struct FuncDef {
1694   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1695   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1696   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1697   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1698   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1699   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1700   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1701   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1702   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1703   union {
1704     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1705     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1706   } u;
1707 };
1708 
1709 /*
1710 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1711 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1712 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1713 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1714 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1715 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1716 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1717 ** FuncDestructor.
1718 **
1719 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1720 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1721 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1722 */
1723 struct FuncDestructor {
1724   int nRef;
1725   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1726   void *pUserData;
1727 };
1728 
1729 /*
1730 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1731 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1732 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1733 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1734 **
1735 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1736 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1737 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1738 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1739 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1740 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT    ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1741 **     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE    ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
1742 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1743 */
1744 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1745 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1746 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1747 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1748 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1749 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1750 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1751 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1752 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1753 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1754 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1755 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1756 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1757                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1758 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
1759 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1760 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1761 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1762 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1763 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1764 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
1765 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
1766 
1767 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
1768 #define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
1769 #define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
1770 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
1771 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
1772 #define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
1773 #define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
1774 
1775 /*
1776 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1777 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1778 **
1779 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1780 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1781 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1782 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1783 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1784 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1785 **
1786 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1787 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1788 **
1789 **   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1790 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1791 **     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
1792 **
1793 **   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1794 **     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
1795 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1796 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1797 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1798 **
1799 **   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1800 **     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
1801 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1802 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1803 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1804 **
1805 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1806 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1807 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1808 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1809 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1810 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1811 **
1812 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1813 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1814 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1815 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1816 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1817 **
1818 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1819 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1820 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1821 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1822 **     FUNCTION().
1823 **
1824 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1825 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1826 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1827 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1828 **     FUNCTION().
1829 **
1830 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1831 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1832 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1833 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1834 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1835 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1836 **     parameter.
1837 */
1838 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1839   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1840    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1841 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1842   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1843    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1844 #define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1845   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
1846    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1847 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1848   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1849    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1850 #define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1851   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
1852          SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1853    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1854 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1855   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1856    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1857 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1858   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1859    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1860 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1861   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1862    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1863 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1864   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1865    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1866 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1867   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1868    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1869 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1870   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1871    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1872 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1873   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1874    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1875 
1876 
1877 /*
1878 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1879 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1880 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1881 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1882 */
1883 struct Savepoint {
1884   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1885   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1886   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1887   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1888 };
1889 
1890 /*
1891 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1892 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1893 */
1894 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1895 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1896 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1897 
1898 
1899 /*
1900 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1901 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1902 ** hash table.
1903 */
1904 struct Module {
1905   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1906   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1907   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
1908   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1909   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1910   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1911 };
1912 
1913 /*
1914 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1915 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
1916 **
1917 ** Definitions:
1918 **
1919 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
1920 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
1921 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
1922 **
1923 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
1924 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
1925 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
1926 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
1927 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
1928 **                            columns to the left.
1929 */
1930 struct Column {
1931   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1932   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value or GENERATED ALWAYS AS value */
1933   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1934   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1935   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1936   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1937   u16 colFlags;    /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1938 };
1939 
1940 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1941 */
1942 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
1943 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1944 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
1945 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
1946 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
1947 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
1948 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
1949 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
1950 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
1951 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
1952 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
1953 
1954 /*
1955 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1956 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1957 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1958 **
1959 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1960 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1961 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1962 */
1963 struct CollSeq {
1964   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1965   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1966   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1967   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1968   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1969 };
1970 
1971 /*
1972 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1973 */
1974 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1975 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1976 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1977 
1978 /*
1979 ** Column affinity types.
1980 **
1981 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1982 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1983 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1984 **
1985 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1986 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1987 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1988 **
1989 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1990 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1991 */
1992 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
1993 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
1994 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
1995 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
1996 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
1997 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
1998 
1999 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
2000 
2001 /*
2002 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
2003 ** affinity value.
2004 */
2005 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
2006 
2007 /*
2008 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
2009 ** changing the affinity.
2010 **
2011 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
2012 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
2013 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
2014 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
2015 */
2016 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
2017 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
2018 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
2019 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
2020 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
2021 
2022 /*
2023 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
2024 ** the database schema.
2025 **
2026 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
2027 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
2028 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
2029 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
2030 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
2031 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
2032 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
2033 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
2034 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
2035 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
2036 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
2037 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
2038 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
2039 **
2040 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
2041 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
2042 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
2043 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
2044 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
2045 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
2046 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
2047 **
2048 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
2049 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
2050 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
2051 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
2052 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
2053 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
2054 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
2055 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
2056 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
2057 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
2058 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
2059 **
2060 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
2061 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
2062 ** the first argument.
2063 */
2064 struct VTable {
2065   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
2066   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
2067   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
2068   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
2069   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
2070   u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
2071   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
2072   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
2073 };
2074 
2075 /* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
2076 */
2077 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
2078 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
2079 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
2080 
2081 /*
2082 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
2083 ** by an instance of the following structure.
2084 */
2085 struct Table {
2086   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2087   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2088   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2089   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
2090   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2091   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2092   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2093                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2094   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
2095   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2096   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2097   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2098   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2099   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2100   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2101   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2102 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2103   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2104 #endif
2105   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2106 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
2107   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2108 #endif
2109 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2110   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
2111   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2112   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
2113 #endif
2114   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
2115   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2116   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
2117 };
2118 
2119 /*
2120 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2121 **
2122 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2123 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2124 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2125 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2126 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2127 **
2128 ** Constraints:
2129 **
2130 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_Virtual
2131 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_Stored
2132 */
2133 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
2134 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
2135 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
2136 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2137 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2138 #define TF_HasVirtual      0x0020    /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2139 #define TF_HasStored       0x0040    /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2140 #define TF_HasGenerated    0x0060    /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2141 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0080    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2142 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
2143                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2144 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0200    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2145 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0400    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2146 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0800    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2147 #define TF_Shadow          0x1000    /* True for a shadow table */
2148 
2149 /*
2150 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2151 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2152 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2153 */
2154 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2155 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
2156 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
2157               ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab!=0 && (X)->y.pTab->nModuleArg)
2158 #else
2159 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2160 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
2161 #endif
2162 
2163 /*
2164 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2165 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2166 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2167 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2168 */
2169 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2170 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2171 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2172 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2173 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2174 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2175 #else
2176 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2177 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2178 #endif
2179 
2180 
2181 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2182 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2183 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2184 
2185 /*
2186 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2187 **
2188 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2189 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2190 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2191 ** Consider this example:
2192 **
2193 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2194 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2195 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2196 **     );
2197 **
2198 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2199 ** Equivalent names:
2200 **
2201 **     from-table == child-table
2202 **       to-table == parent-table
2203 **
2204 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2205 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2206 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2207 **
2208 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2209 **
2210 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2211 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2212 */
2213 struct FKey {
2214   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2215   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2216   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2217   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2218   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2219   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2220   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2221   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2222   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2223   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2224   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2225     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2226     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2227   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2228 };
2229 
2230 /*
2231 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2232 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2233 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2234 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2235 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2236 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2237 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2238 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2239 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2240 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2241 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2242 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2243 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2244 **
2245 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2246 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2247 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2248 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2249 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2250 ** foreign key.
2251 **
2252 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2253 ** of action to take.
2254 */
2255 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2256 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2257 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2258 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2259 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2260 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2261 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2262 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2263 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2264 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2265 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2266 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2267 
2268 
2269 /*
2270 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2271 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2272 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2273 **
2274 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2275 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2276 ** for the rowid at the end.
2277 */
2278 struct KeyInfo {
2279   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2280   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2281   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2282   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2283   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2284   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2285   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2286 };
2287 
2288 /*
2289 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2290 */
2291 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2292 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2293 
2294 /*
2295 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2296 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2297 **
2298 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2299 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2300 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2301 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2302 ** OP_Column opcode.
2303 **
2304 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2305 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2306 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2307 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2308 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2309 **
2310 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2311 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2312 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2313 ** is in DESC order.
2314 **
2315 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2316 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2317 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2318 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2319 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2320 ** find the first match.
2321 **
2322 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2323 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2324 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2325 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2326 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2327 ** b-tree.
2328 */
2329 struct UnpackedRecord {
2330   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2331   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2332   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2333   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2334   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2335   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2336   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2337   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2338 };
2339 
2340 
2341 /*
2342 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2343 ** instance of the following structure.
2344 **
2345 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2346 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2347 ** we have the following table and index:
2348 **
2349 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2350 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2351 **
2352 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2353 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2354 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2355 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2356 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2357 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2358 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2359 **
2360 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2361 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2362 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2363 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2364 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2365 ** element.
2366 **
2367 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2368 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2369 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2370 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2371 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2372 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2373 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2374 */
2375 struct Index {
2376   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2377   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2378   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2379   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2380   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2381   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2382   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2383   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2384   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2385   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2386   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2387   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2388   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2389   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2390   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2391   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2392   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2393   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2394   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2395   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2396   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2397   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2398   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2399   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2400   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2401   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2402 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2403   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2404   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2405   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2406   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2407   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2408   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2409 #endif
2410   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2411 };
2412 
2413 /*
2414 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2415 */
2416 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2417 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2418 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2419 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2420 
2421 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2422 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2423 
2424 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2425 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2426 
2427 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2428 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2429 */
2430 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2431 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2432 
2433 /*
2434 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2435 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2436 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2437 */
2438 struct IndexSample {
2439   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2440   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2441   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2442   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2443   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2444 };
2445 
2446 /*
2447 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2448 */
2449 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2450 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2451 
2452 /*
2453 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2454 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2455 **
2456 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2457 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2458 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2459 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2460 ** static string.
2461 */
2462 struct Token {
2463   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2464   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2465 };
2466 
2467 /*
2468 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2469 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2470 **
2471 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2472 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2473 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2474 ** code for that node.
2475 **
2476 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2477 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2478 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2479 */
2480 struct AggInfo {
2481   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2482                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2483   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2484                           ** than the source table */
2485   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2486   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2487   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2488   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2489   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2490   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2491     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2492     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2493     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2494     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2495     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2496     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2497   } *aCol;
2498   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2499   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2500                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2501                           ** aggregate functions */
2502   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2503     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2504     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2505     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2506     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2507   } *aFunc;
2508   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2509 };
2510 
2511 /*
2512 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2513 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2514 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2515 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2516 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2517 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2518 ** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
2519 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2520 */
2521 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
2522 typedef i16 ynVar;
2523 #else
2524 typedef int ynVar;
2525 #endif
2526 
2527 /*
2528 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2529 ** of this structure.
2530 **
2531 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2532 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2533 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2534 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2535 ** tree.
2536 **
2537 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2538 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2539 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2540 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2541 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2542 **
2543 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2544 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2545 **
2546 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2547 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2548 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2549 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2550 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2551 ** valid.
2552 **
2553 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2554 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2555 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2556 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2557 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2558 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2559 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2560 **
2561 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2562 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2563 ** number for that variable.
2564 **
2565 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2566 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2567 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2568 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2569 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2570 **
2571 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2572 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2573 ** corresponding table definition.
2574 **
2575 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2576 **
2577 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2578 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2579 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2580 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2581 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2582 **
2583 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2584 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2585 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2586 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2587 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2588 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2589 */
2590 struct Expr {
2591   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2592   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2593   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2594                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2595                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2596                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2597   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2598   union {
2599     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2600     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2601   } u;
2602 
2603   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2604   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2605   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2606   *********************************************************************/
2607 
2608   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2609   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2610   union {
2611     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2612     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2613   } x;
2614 
2615   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2616   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2617   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2618   *********************************************************************/
2619 
2620 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2621   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2622 #endif
2623   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2624                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2625                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2626                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2627                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2628                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2629                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2630   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2631                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2632                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2633   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2634   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2635   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2636   union {
2637     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2638                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2639     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2640     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2641       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2642       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2643     } sub;
2644   } y;
2645 };
2646 
2647 /*
2648 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2649 ** Value restrictions:
2650 **
2651 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2652 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2653 */
2654 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2655 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2656 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2657 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2658 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2659 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2660 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2661 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2662 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2663 #define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2664 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2665 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2666 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2667 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2668 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2669 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2670 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2671 #define EP_NoReduce   0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2672 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2673 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2674 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2675 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2676 #define EP_Alias      0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2677 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2678 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2679 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2680 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2681 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2682 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2683 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2684 #define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_master */
2685 
2686 /*
2687 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2688 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2689 */
2690 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2691 
2692 /*
2693 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2694 ** Expr.flags field.
2695 */
2696 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2697 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2698 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2699 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2700 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2701 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2702 
2703 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2704 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2705 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2706 */
2707 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2708 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2709 #else
2710 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2711 #endif
2712 
2713 /*
2714 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2715 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2716 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2717 */
2718 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2719 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2720 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2721 
2722 /*
2723 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2724 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2725 */
2726 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2727 
2728 /*
2729 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2730 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2731 */
2732 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2733 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2734 #else
2735 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2736     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2737  )
2738 #endif
2739 
2740 /*
2741 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2742 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2743 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2744 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2745 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2746 ** field is not used.
2747 **
2748 ** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
2749 ** is used for multiple purposes:
2750 **
2751 **     eEName          Usage
2752 **    ----------       -------------------------
2753 **    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
2754 **                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
2755 **
2756 **    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
2757 **                     of subqueries
2758 **
2759 **    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
2760 **                     expression.
2761 */
2762 struct ExprList {
2763   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2764   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2765     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2766     char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
2767     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2768     unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
2769     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2770     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2771     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2772     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2773     union {
2774       struct {
2775         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2776         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2777       } x;
2778       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2779     } u;
2780   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2781 };
2782 
2783 /*
2784 ** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
2785 */
2786 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
2787 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
2788 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
2789 
2790 /*
2791 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2792 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2793 **
2794 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2795 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2796 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2797 **
2798 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2799 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2800 **
2801 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2802 **
2803 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2804 */
2805 struct IdList {
2806   struct IdList_item {
2807     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2808     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2809   } *a;
2810   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2811 };
2812 
2813 /*
2814 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2815 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2816 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2817 **
2818 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2819 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2820 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2821 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2822 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2823 **
2824 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2825 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2826 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2827 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2828 **
2829 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2830 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2831 */
2832 struct SrcList {
2833   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2834   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2835   struct SrcList_item {
2836     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2837     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2838     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2839     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2840     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2841     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2842     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2843     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2844     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2845     struct {
2846       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2847       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2848       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2849       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2850       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2851       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2852       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2853       unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_master */
2854     } fg;
2855     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2856     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2857     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2858     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2859     union {
2860       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2861       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2862     } u1;
2863     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2864   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2865 };
2866 
2867 /*
2868 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2869 */
2870 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2871 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2872 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2873 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2874 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2875 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2876 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2877 
2878 
2879 /*
2880 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2881 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2882 **
2883 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2884 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2885 */
2886 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2887 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2888 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2889 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2890 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2891 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2892 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2893                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2894 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2895 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2896 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2897 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2898 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2899 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2900 #define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
2901                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2902 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2903                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2904 
2905 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2906 */
2907 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2908 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2909 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2910 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2911 
2912 /*
2913 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2914 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2915 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2916 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2917 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2918 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2919 ** other statements.
2920 **
2921 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2922 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2923 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2924 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2925 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2926 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2927 **
2928 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2929 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2930 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2931 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2932 */
2933 struct NameContext {
2934   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2935   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2936   union {
2937     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2938     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2939     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
2940   } uNC;
2941   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2942   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2943   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2944   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2945   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
2946 };
2947 
2948 /*
2949 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2950 **
2951 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2952 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg    == EP_Agg
2953 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2954 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
2955 **
2956 */
2957 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x00001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2958 #define NC_PartIdx   0x00002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2959 #define NC_IsCheck   0x00004  /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
2960 #define NC_GenCol    0x00008  /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
2961 #define NC_HasAgg    0x00010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2962 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x00020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2963 #define NC_SelfRef   0x0002e  /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
2964 #define NC_VarSelect 0x00040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2965 #define NC_UEList    0x00080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
2966 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x00100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
2967 #define NC_UUpsert   0x00200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
2968 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x01000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2969 #define NC_Complex   0x02000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
2970 #define NC_AllowWin  0x04000  /* Window functions are allowed here */
2971 #define NC_HasWin    0x08000  /* One or more window functions seen */
2972 #define NC_IsDDL     0x10000  /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
2973 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x20000  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2974 #define NC_FromDDL   0x40000  /* SQL text comes from sqlite_master */
2975 
2976 /*
2977 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
2978 ** clause in an upsert.
2979 **
2980 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
2981 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
2982 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
2983 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
2984 **
2985 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
2986 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
2987 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
2988 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
2989 */
2990 struct Upsert {
2991   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflicting index */
2992   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
2993   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2994   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2995   /* The fields above comprise the parse tree for the upsert clause.
2996   ** The fields below are used to transfer information from the INSERT
2997   ** processing down into the UPDATE processing while generating code.
2998   ** Upsert owns the memory allocated above, but not the memory below. */
2999   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* Constraint that pUpsertTarget identifies */
3000   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
3001   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
3002   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
3003   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
3004 };
3005 
3006 /*
3007 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
3008 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
3009 **
3010 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
3011 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
3012 **
3013 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
3014 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
3015 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
3016 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
3017 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
3018 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
3019 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
3020 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
3021 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
3022 */
3023 struct Select {
3024   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
3025   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
3026   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
3027   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
3028   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
3029   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
3030   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
3031   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
3032   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
3033   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
3034   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
3035   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
3036   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
3037   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
3038   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
3039   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
3040 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3041   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
3042   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
3043 #endif
3044 };
3045 
3046 /*
3047 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
3048 ** "Select Flag".
3049 **
3050 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
3051 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
3052 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3053 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
3054 */
3055 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
3056 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
3057 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
3058 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
3059 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
3060 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
3061 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
3062 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
3063 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
3064 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
3065 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
3066 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
3067 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
3068 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
3069 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
3070 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3071 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3072 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
3073 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
3074 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
3075 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
3076 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
3077 
3078 /*
3079 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
3080 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
3081 ** Type".
3082 **
3083 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
3084 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
3085 **
3086 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
3087 **
3088 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
3089 **                     set is not empty.
3090 **
3091 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
3092 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
3093 **                     the side-effects of functions.
3094 **
3095 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
3096 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
3097 **
3098 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
3099 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
3100 **
3101 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
3102 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3103 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3104 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3105 **
3106 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3107 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3108 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3109 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3110 **
3111 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3112 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3113 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3114 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3115 **                     the table first.
3116 **
3117 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3118 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3119 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3120 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3121 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3122 **
3123 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3124 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3125 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3126 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3127 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3128 **
3129 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3130 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3131 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3132 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3133 **
3134 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3135 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3136 **                     are distinct.
3137 **
3138 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3139 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3140 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3141 */
3142 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3143 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3144 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3145 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3146 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3147 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3148 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3149 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3150 
3151 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3152 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3153 
3154 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3155 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3156 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3157 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3158 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3159 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3160 
3161 /*
3162 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3163 ** a SELECT statement.
3164 */
3165 struct SelectDest {
3166   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
3167   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3168   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3169   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3170   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3171   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3172 };
3173 
3174 /*
3175 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3176 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3177 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3178 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3179 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3180 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3181 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3182 */
3183 struct AutoincInfo {
3184   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3185   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3186   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3187   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3188 };
3189 
3190 /*
3191 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3192 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3193 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3194 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3195 ** completed.
3196 **
3197 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3198 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3199 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3200 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3201 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3202 **
3203 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3204 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3205 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3206 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3207 */
3208 struct TriggerPrg {
3209   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3210   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3211   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3212   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3213   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3214 };
3215 
3216 /*
3217 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3218 */
3219 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3220   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3221 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3222 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3223 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3224 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3225 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3226 #else
3227   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3228 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3229 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3230 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3231 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3232 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3233 #endif
3234 
3235 /*
3236 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3237 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3238 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3239 **
3240 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3241 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3242 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3243 ** each recursion.
3244 **
3245 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3246 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3247 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3248 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3249 ** list.
3250 */
3251 struct Parse {
3252   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3253   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3254   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3255   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3256   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3257   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3258   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3259   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3260   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3261   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3262   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3263   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3264   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3265   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3266   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3267   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3268   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3269   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3270   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3271   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3272   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3273                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3274   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3275   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3276   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3277   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3278   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3279   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3280   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3281   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3282   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3283   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3284   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3285 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3286   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3287   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3288 #endif
3289   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3290   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3291   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3292   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3293   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
3294   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3295   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3296   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3297   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3298   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3299   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3300 
3301   /**************************************************************************
3302   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3303   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3304   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3305   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3306   **************************************************************************/
3307 
3308   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3309   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3310 
3311   /************************************************************************
3312   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3313   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3314   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3315   ** first field in the recursive region.
3316   ************************************************************************/
3317 
3318   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3319   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3320   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3321   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3322 #if !(defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE))
3323   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3324 #endif
3325 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3326   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3327 #endif
3328   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3329 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3330   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3331 #endif
3332   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3333   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3334   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3335   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3336   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3337                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3338                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3339   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3340   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3341 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3342   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3343   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3344 #endif
3345   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3346   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3347   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3348   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3349 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3350   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3351 #endif
3352 };
3353 
3354 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3355 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3356 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3357 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3358 
3359 /*
3360 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3361 */
3362 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3363 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3364 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3365 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3366 
3367 /*
3368 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3369 */
3370 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3371   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3372 #else
3373   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3374 #endif
3375 
3376 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3377   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3378 #else
3379   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3380 #endif
3381 
3382 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3383   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3384 #else
3385   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3386 #endif
3387 
3388 /*
3389 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3390 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3391 */
3392 struct AuthContext {
3393   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3394   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3395 };
3396 
3397 /*
3398 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3399 **
3400 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3401 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3402 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3403 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3404 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3405 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3406 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3407 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3408 */
3409 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3410                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3411 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3412 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3413 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3414 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3415 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3416 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3417 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3418 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3419 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3420 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3421 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3422 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3423 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3424 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3425 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3426 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3427 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3428 
3429 /*
3430  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3431  * struct Trigger.
3432  *
3433  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3434  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3435  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3436  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3437  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3438  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3439  *    struct Table.
3440  *
3441  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3442  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3443  */
3444 struct Trigger {
3445   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3446   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3447   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3448   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3449   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3450   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3451                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3452   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3453   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3454   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3455   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3456 };
3457 
3458 /*
3459 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3460 ** determine which.
3461 **
3462 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3463 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3464 */
3465 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3466 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3467 
3468 /*
3469  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3470  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3471  *
3472  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3473  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3474  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3475  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3476  *
3477  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3478  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3479  * value of "op" as follows:
3480  *
3481  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3482  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3483  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3484  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3485  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3486  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3487  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3488  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3489  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3490  *              inserted into.
3491  *
3492  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3493  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3494  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3495  *              Otherwise NULL.
3496  *
3497  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3498  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3499  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3500  *              Otherwise NULL.
3501  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3502  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3503  *              argument.
3504  *
3505  */
3506 struct TriggerStep {
3507   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3508   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3509   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3510   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3511   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3512   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3513   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE */
3514   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3515   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3516   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3517   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3518   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3519 };
3520 
3521 /*
3522 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3523 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3524 ** explicit.
3525 */
3526 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3527 struct DbFixer {
3528   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3529   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3530   u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
3531   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3532   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3533   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3534 };
3535 
3536 /*
3537 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3538 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3539 */
3540 struct sqlite3_str {
3541   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3542   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3543   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3544   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3545   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3546   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3547   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3548 };
3549 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3550 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3551 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3552 
3553 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3554 
3555 
3556 /*
3557 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3558 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3559 */
3560 typedef struct {
3561   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3562   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3563   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3564   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3565   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3566   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3567 } InitData;
3568 
3569 /*
3570 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3571 */
3572 #define INITFLAG_AlterTable   0x0001  /* This is a reparse after ALTER TABLE */
3573 
3574 /*
3575 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3576 **
3577 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3578 */
3579 struct Sqlite3Config {
3580   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3581   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3582   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3583   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3584   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3585   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3586   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3587   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3588   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3589   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3590   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3591   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3592   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3593   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3594   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3595   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3596   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3597   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3598   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3599   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3600   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3601   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3602   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3603   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3604   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3605   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3606   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3607   ** initially be zero, however. */
3608   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3609   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3610   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3611   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3612   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3613   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3614   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3615   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3616   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3617 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3618   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3619   void *pSqllogArg;
3620 #endif
3621 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3622   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3623   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3624   */
3625   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3626   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3627 #endif
3628 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
3629   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3630 #endif
3631 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3632   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3633 #endif
3634   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3635   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3636   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3637   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3638 };
3639 
3640 /*
3641 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3642 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3643 **
3644 **     assert( X );
3645 **
3646 ** One writes:
3647 **
3648 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3649 **
3650 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3651 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3652 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3653 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3654 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3655 */
3656 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3657 
3658 /*
3659 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3660 */
3661 struct Walker {
3662   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3663   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3664   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3665   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3666   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3667   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
3668   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3669     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3670     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3671     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3672     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3673     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3674     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3675     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3676     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3677     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3678     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3679     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3680     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3681     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3682     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3683     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
3684   } u;
3685 };
3686 
3687 /* Forward declarations */
3688 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3689 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3690 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3691 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3692 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3693 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3694 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3695 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3696 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3697 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3698 #endif
3699 
3700 /*
3701 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3702 ** callbacks.
3703 */
3704 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3705 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3706 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3707 
3708 /*
3709 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3710 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3711 */
3712 struct With {
3713   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3714   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3715   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3716     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3717     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3718     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3719     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3720   } a[1];
3721 };
3722 
3723 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3724 /*
3725 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3726 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3727 */
3728 struct TreeView {
3729   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3730   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3731 };
3732 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3733 
3734 /*
3735 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
3736 ** functions.
3737 **
3738 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
3739 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
3740 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
3741 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
3742 **
3743 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
3744 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
3745 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
3746 **
3747 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
3748 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
3749 **
3750 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
3751 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
3752 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
3753 **
3754 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
3755 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
3756 */
3757 struct Window {
3758   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
3759   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
3760   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
3761   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
3762   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
3763   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3764   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3765   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
3766   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
3767   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
3768   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
3769   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
3770   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
3771   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
3772   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
3773   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
3774   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
3775   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
3776   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
3777   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
3778   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
3779   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
3780   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
3781   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
3782   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
3783   int regStartRowid;
3784   int regEndRowid;
3785   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
3786                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
3787 };
3788 
3789 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3790 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
3791 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
3792 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3793 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
3794 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
3795 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
3796 int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*, int);
3797 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
3798 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
3799 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
3800 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*);
3801 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
3802 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
3803 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3804 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
3805 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
3806 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
3807 #else
3808 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
3809 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
3810 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
3811 #endif
3812 
3813 /*
3814 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3815 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3816 */
3817 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3818   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3819     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3820   }                                                    \
3821 }
3822 
3823 /*
3824 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3825 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3826 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3827 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3828 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3829 */
3830 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
3831 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3832 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3833 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3834 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3835 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3836 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3837 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3838   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3839   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3840 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3841 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3842 #else
3843 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3844 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3845 #endif
3846 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
3847   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
3848 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
3849 #else
3850 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3851 #endif
3852 
3853 /*
3854 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3855 */
3856 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3857 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3858 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3859 #endif
3860 
3861 /*
3862 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3863 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3864 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3865 */
3866 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3867 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3868 #endif
3869 
3870 /*
3871 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3872 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3873 */
3874 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3875     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3876 # include <ctype.h>
3877 #endif
3878 
3879 /*
3880 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3881 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3882 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3883 */
3884 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3885 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3886 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3887 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3888 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3889 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3890 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3891 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3892 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3893 #else
3894 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3895 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3896 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3897 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3898 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3899 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3900 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3901 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3902 #endif
3903 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3904 
3905 /*
3906 ** Internal function prototypes
3907 */
3908 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3909 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3910 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
3911 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3912 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3913 
3914 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3915 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3916 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3917 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3918 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3919 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3920 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3921 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3922 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3923 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
3924 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3925 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3926 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3927 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3928 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
3929 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3930 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3931 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3932 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3933 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3934 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3935 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3936 #endif
3937 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3938 
3939 /*
3940 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3941 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3942 ** obtain space from malloc().
3943 **
3944 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3945 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3946 */
3947 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3948 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3949 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3950 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3951 #else
3952 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3953 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3954 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3955 #endif
3956 
3957 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3958 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3959 */
3960 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3961 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3962 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3963 #endif
3964 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3965 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3966 #endif
3967 
3968 
3969 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3970   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3971   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3972   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3973   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3974   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3975 #endif
3976 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3977   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3978 #else
3979 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3980 #endif
3981 
3982 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3983 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3984 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3985 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3986 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
3987 
3988 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3989 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3990 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3991 
3992 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
3993 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
3994 #else
3995 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
3996 #endif
3997 
3998 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3999 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
4000 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
4001 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
4002   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
4003 #else
4004 # define IsNaN(X)         0
4005 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
4006 #endif
4007 
4008 /*
4009 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
4010 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
4011 */
4012 struct PrintfArguments {
4013   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
4014   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
4015   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
4016 };
4017 
4018 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
4019 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
4020 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
4021   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
4022 #endif
4023 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4024   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
4025 #endif
4026 
4027 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
4028   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
4029   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
4030   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
4031   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
4032   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
4033   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
4034 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4035   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4036   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4037 #endif
4038 #endif
4039 
4040 
4041 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
4042 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4043 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
4044 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
4045 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
4046 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
4047 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
4048 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
4049 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
4050 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
4051 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
4052 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
4053 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
4054 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
4055 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4056 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
4057 #endif
4058 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
4059 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4060 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
4061 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
4062 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
4063 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
4064 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
4065 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*, int);
4066 void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,Expr*,FuncDef*);
4067 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
4068 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
4069 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4070 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4071 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
4072 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
4073 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
4074 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
4075 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
4076 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
4077 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
4078 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
4079 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
4080 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
4081 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
4082 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4083 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
4084 #endif
4085 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
4086 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
4087 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
4088 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
4089 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
4090 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
4091 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
4092 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
4093 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
4094 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
4095 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
4096 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4097 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4098 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4099 #else
4100   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
4101   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
4102 #endif
4103 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
4104 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
4105   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4106 #else
4107 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4108 #endif
4109 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
4110 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4111 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4112 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
4113 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4114 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4115 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4116 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
4117 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4118                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4119 #define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4120 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4121 
4122 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4123 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4124 #else
4125   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4126 #endif
4127 
4128 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4129 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4130 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4131 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4132 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4133 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4134 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4135 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4136 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4137 #endif
4138 
4139 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4140 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4141 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4142 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4143 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4144 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4145 
4146 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4147 
4148 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4149   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4150 #else
4151 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4152 #endif
4153 
4154 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4155   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4156 #endif
4157 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4158 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4159 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4160 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4161 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4162   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4163   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4164 #else
4165 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4166 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4167 #endif
4168 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4169 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4170   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4171 #endif
4172 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4173 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4174 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4175 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4176 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4177 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4178                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
4179 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4180 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4181 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
4182 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
4183 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4184 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4185 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4186 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4187 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4188                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4189 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4190 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4191 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4192                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4193 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4194 void sqlite3SelectReset(Parse*, Select*);
4195 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4196 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4197 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4198 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4199 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4200 #endif
4201 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4202 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4203                    Upsert*);
4204 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
4205 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4206 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4207 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4208 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4209 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4210 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4211 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4212 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4213 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4214 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4215 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4216 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4217 int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
4218 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4219 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4220 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4221 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4222 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4223 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4224 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Column*, int);
4225 #endif
4226 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4227 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4228 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4229 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4230 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4231 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4232 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4233 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4234 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4235 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4236 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4237 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4238 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4239 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4240 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4241 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4242 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4243 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
4244 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4245 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4246 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4247 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4248 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4249 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
4250 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4251 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
4252 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
4253 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4254 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4255 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4256 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4257 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4258 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4259 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4260 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4261 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4262 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4263 #endif
4264 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4265 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4266 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4267 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4268 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4269 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4270 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4271 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4272 u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
4273 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4274 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4275 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4276 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4277 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4278 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4279 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4280 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4281 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4282 #endif
4283 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
4284 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4285 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4286 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4287 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4288     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4289 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4290 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4291 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4292 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4293 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4294                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4295 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4296   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4297 #else
4298 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4299 #endif
4300 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4301 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4302 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4303 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4304 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4305 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4306 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4307 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4308 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
4309 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
4310 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
4311 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
4312 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
4313 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4314 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4315 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4316 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4317 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4318 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4319 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4320 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4321 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4322 
4323 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4324 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4325 #endif
4326 
4327 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4328   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4329                            Expr*,int, int);
4330   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4331   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4332   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4333   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4334   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4335   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4336                             int, int, int);
4337   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4338   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4339   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4340   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4341                                         const char*,const char*);
4342   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4343                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4344                                         const char*,const char*);
4345   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
4346                                         const char*,const char*);
4347   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4348                                         const char*,const char*);
4349   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4350   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4351   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4352 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4353 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4354 #else
4355 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4356 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4357 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4358 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4359 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4360 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4361 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4362 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4363 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4364 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4365 #endif
4366 
4367 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4368 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
4369 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4370 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4371 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4372   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4373   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4374   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4375   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4376   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4377 #else
4378 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4379 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4380 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4381 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4382 #endif
4383 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4384 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4385 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4386 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4387 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4388 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4389 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
4390 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4391 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4392 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4393 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4394 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4395 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4396 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4397 #endif
4398 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4399 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4400 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4401 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4402 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4403 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4404 #endif
4405 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4406     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
4407     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4408 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4409 #endif
4410 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4411 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4412 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4413 
4414 /*
4415 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4416 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4417 ** file.
4418 */
4419 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4420 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4421 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4422 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4423 
4424 /*
4425 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4426 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4427 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4428 */
4429 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4430   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4431 #define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
4432   B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
4433 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4434   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4435   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4436 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4437 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4438 
4439 
4440 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4441 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4442 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4443 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4444 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4445 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
4446 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4447 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4448 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4449 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4450 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4451 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4452 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4453 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4454 
4455 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4456 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4457 #endif
4458 
4459 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
4460 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4461 #endif
4462 
4463 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4464 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4465 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4466 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4467 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4468 void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
4469 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4470 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4471 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
4472 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4473 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4474 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4475 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
4476 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4477 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4478 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4479 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
4480 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4481 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4482 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4483 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4484 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4485 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4486 #else
4487 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4488 #endif
4489 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4490 
4491 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4492 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4493 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4494                         void(*)(void*));
4495 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4496 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4497 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4498 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4499 #endif
4500 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4501 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4502 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4503 #endif
4504 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4505 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4506 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4507 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4508 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4509 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4510 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4511 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4512 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4513 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4514 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4515 #endif
4516 #endif
4517 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4518 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4519 #endif
4520 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
4521 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4522 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4523 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4524 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4525 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4526 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4527 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4528 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4529 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4530 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4531 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4532 int sqlite3MatchEName(
4533   const struct ExprList_item*,
4534   const char*,
4535   const char*,
4536   const char*
4537 );
4538 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4539 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4540 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4541 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4542 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4543 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4544 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4545 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4546 void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, void*, Token*);
4547 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, void *pTo, void *pFrom);
4548 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4549 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4550 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4551 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4552 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4553 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*, sqlite3_file*);
4554 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4555 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4556 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4557 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4558 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4559 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4560 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4561 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4562 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4563 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4564 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4565 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4566 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4567 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4568 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4569 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4570 
4571 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4572 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4573 #endif
4574 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4575   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4576   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4577   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4578   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4579   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4580   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4581 );
4582 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4583 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4584 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4585 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4586 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4587 
4588 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4589 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4590 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4591 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4592 
4593 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4594 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4595 
4596 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4597 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4598 #else
4599 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4600 #endif
4601 
4602 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
4603 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4604     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4605 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4606 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4607 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4608 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4609 #endif
4610 
4611 /*
4612 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4613 */
4614 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4615   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4616   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4617 #endif
4618 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4619 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4620 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4621   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4622 #endif
4623 
4624 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4625 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4626   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4627 #else
4628 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4629 #endif
4630 
4631 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4632   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4633 #else
4634   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4635 #endif
4636 
4637 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4638   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4639 #endif
4640 
4641 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4642 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4643 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4644 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4645 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4646 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4647 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4648 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4649 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
4650 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4651 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4652 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4653 #else
4654    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4655    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4656    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4657    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4658    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4659    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4660    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4661    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
4662    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4663    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4664    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4665    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4666    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4667      sqlite3*,
4668      const char*,
4669      const sqlite3_module*,
4670      void*,
4671      void(*)(void*)
4672    );
4673 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4674 #endif
4675 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
4676 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4677   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
4678 #else
4679 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
4680 #endif
4681 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4682 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4683 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4684 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4685 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4686 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4687 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4688 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4689 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4690 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4691 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4692 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4693 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4694 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4695 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4696 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4697 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4698 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
4699 #endif
4700 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4701 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4702 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,Expr*);
4703 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4704 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4705 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4706 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4707   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4708   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4709 #endif
4710 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4711   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4712   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4713   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4714 #else
4715 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4716 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4717 #endif
4718 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
4719   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4720   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4721   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4722   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
4723   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
4724 #else
4725 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
4726 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
4727 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)       ((Upsert*)0)
4728 #endif
4729 
4730 
4731 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4732 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4733 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4734 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4735 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4736 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4737 */
4738 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4739   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4740   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4741   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4742   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4743   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4744   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4745 #else
4746   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4747   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4748   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4749   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4750   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4751   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4752 #endif
4753 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4754   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4755   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4756 #else
4757   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4758   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4759 #endif
4760 
4761 
4762 /*
4763 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4764 */
4765 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4766 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4767 
4768 /*
4769 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4770 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4771 ** is not defined.
4772 */
4773 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4774   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4775   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4776 #else
4777   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4778   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4779 #endif
4780 
4781 /*
4782 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4783 */
4784 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4785 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4786 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4787 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4788 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4789 /*
4790 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4791 */
4792 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4793 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4794 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4795 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
4796 
4797 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4798 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4799 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
4800  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
4801   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4802 #endif
4803 
4804 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4805 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4806 
4807 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4808 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4809   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4810   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4811 #else
4812   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4813   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4814 #endif
4815 
4816 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4817 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4818 
4819 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4820   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4821   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4822   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4823 #else
4824   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4825   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4826   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4827 #endif
4828 
4829 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4830   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4831 #endif
4832 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
4833   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
4834 #endif
4835 
4836 /*
4837 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4838 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4839 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4840 */
4841 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4842 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4843   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4844 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4845 #else
4846 # define IOTRACE(A)
4847 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4848 #endif
4849 
4850 /*
4851 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4852 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4853 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4854 **
4855 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4856 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4857 ** a single bit set.
4858 **
4859 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4860 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4861 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4862 **
4863 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4864 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4865 **
4866 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4867 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4868 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4869 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4870 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4871 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4872 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4873 ** this constraint.
4874 **
4875 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4876 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4877 */
4878 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4879   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4880   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4881   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4882 #else
4883 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4884 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4885 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4886 #endif
4887 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4888 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4889 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
4890 
4891 /*
4892 ** Threading interface
4893 */
4894 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4895 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4896 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4897 #endif
4898 
4899 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4900 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
4901 #endif
4902 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4903 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4904 #endif
4905 
4906 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4907 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4908 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4909 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4910 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4911 
4912 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
4913 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
4914 #endif
4915 
4916 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4917