xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision de033d07)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /*
123 ** Some C99 functions in "math.h" are only present for MSVC when its version
124 ** is associated with Visual Studio 2013 or higher.
125 */
126 #ifndef SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS
127 # if MSVC_VERSION==0 || MSVC_VERSION>=1800
128 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (1)
129 # else
130 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (0)
131 # endif
132 #endif
133 
134 /* Needed for various definitions... */
135 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
136 # define _GNU_SOURCE
137 #endif
138 
139 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
140 # define _BSD_SOURCE
141 #endif
142 
143 /*
144 ** Macro to disable warnings about missing "break" at the end of a "case".
145 */
146 #if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
147 # define deliberate_fall_through __attribute__((fallthrough));
148 #else
149 # define deliberate_fall_through
150 #endif
151 
152 /*
153 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
154 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
155 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
156 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
157 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
158 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
159 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
160 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
161 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
162 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
163 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
164 ** disabled.
165 */
166 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
167 # include "mingw.h"
168 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
169 # include "_mingw.h"
170 #endif
171 
172 /*
173 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
174 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
175 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
176 */
177 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
178     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
179     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
180     defined(__MSVCRT__)
181 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
182 #endif
183 
184 /* Optionally #include a user-defined header, whereby compilation options
185 ** may be set prior to where they take effect, but after platform setup.
186 ** If SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE=? is defined, its value names the #include
187 ** file.
188 */
189 #ifdef SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE
190 # define INC_STRINGIFY_(f) #f
191 # define INC_STRINGIFY(f) INC_STRINGIFY_(f)
192 # include INC_STRINGIFY(SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE)
193 #endif
194 
195 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
196 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
197 ** MinGW.
198 */
199 #include "sqlite3.h"
200 
201 /*
202 ** Reuse the STATIC_LRU for mutex access to sqlite3_temp_directory.
203 */
204 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_TEMPDIR SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
205 
206 /*
207 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
208 ** autoconf-based build
209 */
210 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
211 #include "sqlite_cfg.h"
212 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
213 #endif
214 
215 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
216 
217 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
218 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
219 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
220 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
221 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
222 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
223 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
224 #endif
225 
226 /*
227 ** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
228 ** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
229 */
230 #ifndef __has_extension
231 # define __has_extension(x) 0     /* compatibility with non-clang compilers */
232 #endif
233 #if GCC_VERSION>=4007000 || __has_extension(c_atomic)
234 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 1
235 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
236 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
237 #else
238 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 0
239 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
240 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
241 #endif
242 
243 /*
244 ** Include standard header files as necessary
245 */
246 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
247 #include <stdint.h>
248 #endif
249 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
250 #include <inttypes.h>
251 #endif
252 
253 /*
254 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
255 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
256 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
257 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
258 **
259 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
260 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
261 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
262 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
263 **
264 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
265 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
266 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
267 ** compiler.
268 */
269 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
270 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
271 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
272 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
273 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
274 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
275 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
276 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
277 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
278 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
279 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
280 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
281 #endif
282 
283 /*
284 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
285 ** inlined.
286 */
287 #if defined(__GNUC__)
288 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
289 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
290 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
291 #else
292 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
293 #endif
294 
295 /*
296 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
297 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
298 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
299 */
300 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
301 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
302 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
303 #      include <intrin.h>
304 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
305 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
306 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
307 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
308 #    else
309 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
310 #    endif
311 #  endif
312 #endif
313 
314 /*
315 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
316 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
317 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
318 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
319 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
320 ** database connection at the same time.
321 **
322 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
323 ** We support that for legacy.
324 **
325 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
326 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
327 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
328 ** also be updated there.
329 */
330 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
331 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
332 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
333 # else
334 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
335 # endif
336 #endif
337 
338 /*
339 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
340 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
341 */
342 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
343 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
344 #endif
345 
346 /*
347 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
348 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
349 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
350 */
351 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
352 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
353 #endif
354 
355 /*
356 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
357 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
358 **
359 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
360 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
361 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
362 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
363 **
364 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
365 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
366 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
367 ** assertion will be triggered.
368 **
369 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
370 ** the default.
371 */
372 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
373   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
374   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
375   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
376 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
377  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
378  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
379  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
380 #endif
381 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
382   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
383   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
384   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
385 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
386 #endif
387 
388 /*
389 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
390 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
391 */
392 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
393 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
394 #endif
395 
396 /*
397 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
398 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
399 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
400 ** it.
401 */
402 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
403 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
404 #endif
405 
406 /*
407 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
408 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
409 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
410 **
411 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
412 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
413 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
414 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
415 ** feature.
416 */
417 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
418 # define NDEBUG 1
419 #endif
420 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
421 # undef NDEBUG
422 #endif
423 
424 /*
425 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
426 */
427 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
428 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
429 #endif
430 
431 /*
432 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
433 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
434 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
435 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
436 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
437 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
438 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
439 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
440 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
441 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
442 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
443 */
444 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
445 # ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
446     extern unsigned int sqlite3CoverageCounter;
447 # endif
448 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3CoverageCounter += (unsigned)__LINE__; }
449 #else
450 # define testcase(X)
451 #endif
452 
453 /*
454 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
455 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
456 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
457 */
458 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
459 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
460 #else
461 # define TESTONLY(X)
462 #endif
463 
464 /*
465 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
466 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
467 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
468 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
469 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
470 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
471 */
472 #ifndef NDEBUG
473 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
474 #else
475 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
476 #endif
477 
478 /*
479 ** Disable ALWAYS() and NEVER() (make them pass-throughs) for coverage
480 ** and mutation testing
481 */
482 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
483 # define SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS  1
484 #endif
485 
486 /*
487 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
488 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
489 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
490 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
491 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
492 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
493 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
494 **
495 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
496 **
497 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
498 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
499 ** not be counted as untested code.
500 */
501 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS)
502 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
503 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
504 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
505 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
506 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
507 #else
508 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
509 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
510 #endif
511 
512 /*
513 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
514 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
515 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
516 **
517 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
518 */
519 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
520 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
521 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
522 #else
523 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
524 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
525 #endif
526 
527 /*
528 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
529 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
530 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
531 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
532 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
533 */
534 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
535 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
536 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
537 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
538 #else
539 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
540 #endif
541 
542 /*
543 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
544 */
545 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
546     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
547   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
548 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
549 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
550 #else
551 # define OSTRACE(X)
552 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
553 #endif
554 
555 /*
556 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
557 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
558 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
559 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
560 */
561 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
562     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
563 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
564 #else
565 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
566 #endif
567 
568 /*
569 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
570 */
571 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
572 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
573 #endif
574 
575 /*
576 ** SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE implies SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
577 */
578 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
579 # define SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
580 #endif
581 
582 /*
583 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
584 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
585 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
586 */
587 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
588 
589 /*
590 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
591 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
592 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
593 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
594 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
595 */
596 #define likely(X)    (X)
597 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
598 
599 #include "hash.h"
600 #include "parse.h"
601 #include <stdio.h>
602 #include <stdlib.h>
603 #include <string.h>
604 #include <assert.h>
605 #include <stddef.h>
606 
607 /*
608 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
609 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
610 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
611 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
612 ** hack only.
613 */
614 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
615 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
616                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
617 #endif
618 
619 /*
620 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
621 ** substitute integer for floating-point
622 */
623 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
624 # define double sqlite_int64
625 # define float sqlite_int64
626 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
627 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
628 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
629 # endif
630 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
631 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
632 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
633 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
634 #endif
635 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
636 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
637 #endif
638 
639 /*
640 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
641 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
642 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
643 */
644 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
645 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
646 #else
647 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
648 #endif
649 
650 /*
651 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
652 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
653 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
654 ** that the library can read.
655 */
656 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
657 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
658 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
659 #endif
660 
661 /*
662 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
663 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
664 */
665 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
666 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
667 #endif
668 
669 /*
670 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
671 ** on the command-line
672 */
673 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
674 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
675 #endif
676 
677 /*
678 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
679 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
680 ** to zero.
681 */
682 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
683 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
684 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
685 #endif
686 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
687 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
688 #endif
689 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
690 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
691 #endif
692 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
693 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
694 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
695 #endif
696 
697 /*
698 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
699 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
700 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
701 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
702 **
703 ** The default value of "20" was chosen to minimize the run-time of the
704 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
705 */
706 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
707 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
708 #endif
709 
710 /*
711 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
712 */
713 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
714 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
715 #endif
716 
717 /*
718 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
719 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
720 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
721 */
722 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
723 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
724 #endif
725 
726 /*
727 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
728 ** ourselves.
729 */
730 #ifndef offsetof
731 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
732 #endif
733 
734 /*
735 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
736 */
737 #ifndef MIN
738 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
739 #endif
740 #ifndef MAX
741 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
742 #endif
743 
744 /*
745 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
746 */
747 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
748 
749 /*
750 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
751 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
752 */
753 #if 'A' == '\301'
754 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
755 #else
756 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
757 #endif
758 
759 /*
760 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
761 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
762 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
763 **
764 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
765 */
766 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
767 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
768 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
769 # else
770 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
771 # endif
772 #endif
773 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
774 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
775 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
776 # else
777 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
778 # endif
779 #endif
780 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
781 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
782 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
783 # else
784 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
785 # endif
786 #endif
787 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
788 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
789 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
790 # else
791 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
792 # endif
793 #endif
794 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
795 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
796 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
797 # else
798 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
799 # endif
800 #endif
801 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
802 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
803 #endif
804 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
805 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
806 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
807 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
808 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
809 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
810 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
811 
812 /*
813 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
814 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
815 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
816 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
817 */
818 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
819 
820 /*
821 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
822 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
823 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
824 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
825 */
826 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
827  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
828 #else
829  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
830 #endif
831 
832 /*
833 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
834 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
835 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
836 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
837 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
838 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
839 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
840 **
841 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
842 **
843 ** Examples:
844 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
845 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
846 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
847 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
848 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
849 **
850 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
851 ** Examples:
852 **
853 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
854 */
855 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
856 
857 /*
858 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
859 */
860 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
861 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
862 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
863 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
864        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
865       (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__POWERPC__)) ||                     \
866       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
867 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
868 # else
869 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
870 # endif
871 #endif
872 
873 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
874 */
875 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
876   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
877 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
878   typedef u32 uptr;
879 #else
880   typedef u64 uptr;
881 #endif
882 
883 /*
884 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
885 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
886 **
887 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
888 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
889 ** contained within the buffer S.
890 */
891 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
892 
893 
894 /*
895 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
896 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
897 **
898 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
899 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
900 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
901 ** at run-time.
902 */
903 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
904 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
905      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
906      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
907      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
908 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
909 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
910        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
911 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
912 # else
913 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
914 # endif
915 #endif
916 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
917 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
918 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
919 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
920 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
921 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
922 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
923 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
924 #else
925 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
926   const int sqlite3one = 1;
927 # else
928   extern const int sqlite3one;
929 # endif
930 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
931 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
932 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
933 #endif
934 
935 /*
936 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
937 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
938 ** compilers.
939 */
940 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
941 #define LARGEST_UINT64 (0xffffffff|(((u64)0xffffffff)<<32))
942 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
943 
944 /*
945 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
946 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
947 **
948 ** ROUND8() always does the rounding, for any argument.
949 **
950 ** ROUND8P() assumes that the argument is already an integer number of
951 ** pointers in size, and so it is a no-op on systems where the pointer
952 ** size is 8.
953 */
954 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
955 #if SQLITE_PTRSIZE==8
956 # define ROUND8P(x)   (x)
957 #else
958 # define ROUND8P(x)   (((x)+7)&~7)
959 #endif
960 
961 /*
962 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
963 */
964 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
965 
966 /*
967 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
968 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
969 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
970 **
971 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
972 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
973 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
974 */
975 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
976 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
977 #else
978 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
979 #endif
980 
981 /*
982 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
983 */
984 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
985 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
986 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
987 #endif
988 
989 /*
990 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
991 */
992 #ifdef __APPLE__
993 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
994 #endif
995 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
996 # if defined(__linux__) \
997   || defined(_WIN32) \
998   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
999   || defined(__sun) \
1000   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
1001   || defined(__DragonFly__)
1002 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
1003 # else
1004 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
1005 # endif
1006 #endif
1007 
1008 /*
1009 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
1010 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
1011 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
1012 */
1013 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1014 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
1015 #endif
1016 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1017 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1018 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1019 #endif
1020 
1021 /*
1022 ** TREETRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
1023 ** the Abstract Syntax Tree tracing logic is turned on.
1024 */
1025 #if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
1026 extern u32 sqlite3TreeTrace;
1027 #endif
1028 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1029     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE) \
1030                              || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_TREETRACE))
1031 # define TREETRACE_ENABLED 1
1032 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
1033   if(sqlite3TreeTrace&(K))   \
1034     sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
1035     sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1036 #else
1037 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
1038 # define TREETRACE_ENABLED 0
1039 #endif
1040 
1041 /*
1042 ** Macros for "wheretrace"
1043 */
1044 extern u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
1045 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1046     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
1047 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1048 # define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
1049 #else
1050 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)
1051 #endif
1052 
1053 
1054 /*
1055 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
1056 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
1057 **
1058 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
1059 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
1060 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
1061 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
1062 */
1063 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
1064 struct BusyHandler {
1065   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
1066   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
1067   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
1068 };
1069 
1070 /*
1071 ** Name of table that holds the database schema.
1072 **
1073 ** The PREFERRED names are used whereever possible.  But LEGACY is also
1074 ** used for backwards compatibility.
1075 **
1076 **  1.  Queries can use either the PREFERRED or the LEGACY names
1077 **  2.  The sqlite3_set_authorizer() callback uses the LEGACY name
1078 **  3.  The PRAGMA table_list statement uses the PREFERRED name
1079 **
1080 ** The LEGACY names are stored in the internal symbol hash table
1081 ** in support of (2).  Names are translated using sqlite3PreferredTableName()
1082 ** for (3).  The sqlite3FindTable() function takes care of translating
1083 ** names for (1).
1084 **
1085 ** Note that "sqlite_temp_schema" can also be called "temp.sqlite_schema".
1086 */
1087 #define LEGACY_SCHEMA_TABLE          "sqlite_master"
1088 #define LEGACY_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE     "sqlite_temp_master"
1089 #define PREFERRED_SCHEMA_TABLE       "sqlite_schema"
1090 #define PREFERRED_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE  "sqlite_temp_schema"
1091 
1092 
1093 /*
1094 ** The root-page of the schema table.
1095 */
1096 #define SCHEMA_ROOT    1
1097 
1098 /*
1099 ** The name of the schema table.  The name is different for TEMP.
1100 */
1101 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) \
1102     ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?LEGACY_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE:LEGACY_SCHEMA_TABLE)
1103 
1104 /*
1105 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1106 ** an array.
1107 */
1108 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1109 
1110 /*
1111 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1112 */
1113 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1114 
1115 /*
1116 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1117 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1118 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1119 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1120 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1121 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1122 */
1123 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3OomClear)
1124 
1125 /*
1126 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1127 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1128 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1129 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1130 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1131 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1132 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1133 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1134 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1135 **
1136 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1137 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1138 */
1139 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1140   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1141   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1142   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1143   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1144   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1145 #else
1146   #define SQLITE_WSD
1147   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1148   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1149 #endif
1150 
1151 /*
1152 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1153 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1154 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1155 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1156 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1157 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1158 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1159 **
1160 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1161 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1162 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1163 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1164 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1165 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1166 */
1167 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1168 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1169 
1170 /*
1171 ** Forward references to structures
1172 */
1173 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1174 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1175 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1176 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1177 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1178 typedef struct Column Column;
1179 typedef struct Cte Cte;
1180 typedef struct CteUse CteUse;
1181 typedef struct Db Db;
1182 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
1183 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1184 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1185 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1186 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1187 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1188 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1189 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1190 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1191 typedef struct Index Index;
1192 typedef struct IndexedExpr IndexedExpr;
1193 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1194 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1195 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1196 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1197 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1198 typedef struct Module Module;
1199 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1200 typedef struct OnOrUsing OnOrUsing;
1201 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1202 typedef struct ParseCleanup ParseCleanup;
1203 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1204 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1205 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1206 typedef struct Returning Returning;
1207 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1208 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1209 typedef struct Select Select;
1210 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1211 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1212 typedef struct SrcItem SrcItem;
1213 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1214 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1215 typedef struct Table Table;
1216 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1217 typedef struct Token Token;
1218 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1219 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1220 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1221 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1222 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1223 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1224 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1225 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1226 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1227 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1228 typedef struct Window Window;
1229 typedef struct With With;
1230 
1231 
1232 /*
1233 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1234 **
1235 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1236 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1237 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1238 */
1239 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1240   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1241 #else
1242   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1243 #endif
1244 
1245 /*
1246 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1247 */
1248 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1249 
1250 /*
1251 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1252 */
1253 #define MASKBIT(n)    (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1254 #define MASKBIT64(n)  (((u64)1)<<(n))
1255 #define MASKBIT32(n)  (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1256 #define SMASKBIT32(n) ((n)<=31?((unsigned int)1)<<(n):0)
1257 #define ALLBITS       ((Bitmask)-1)
1258 
1259 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1260 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1261 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1262 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1263 ** just an array of integers.
1264 */
1265 typedef int VList;
1266 
1267 /*
1268 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1269 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1270 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1271 */
1272 #include "os.h"
1273 #include "pager.h"
1274 #include "btree.h"
1275 #include "vdbe.h"
1276 #include "pcache.h"
1277 #include "mutex.h"
1278 
1279 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1280 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1281 */
1282 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1283 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1284 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1285 #endif
1286 
1287 /*
1288 ** Default synchronous levels.
1289 **
1290 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1291 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1292 **
1293 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1294 **   OFF           1                         0
1295 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1296 **   FULL          3                         2
1297 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1298 **
1299 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1300 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1301 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1302 */
1303 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1304 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1305 #endif
1306 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1307 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1308 #endif
1309 
1310 /*
1311 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1312 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1313 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1314 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1315 ** databases may be attached.
1316 */
1317 struct Db {
1318   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1319   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1320   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1321   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1322   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1323 };
1324 
1325 /*
1326 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1327 **
1328 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1329 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1330 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1331 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1332 **
1333 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1334 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1335 ** sqlite3_close().
1336 *
1337 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1338 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1339 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1340 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1341 */
1342 struct Schema {
1343   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1344   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1345   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1346   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1347   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1348   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1349   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1350   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1351   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1352   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1353   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1354 };
1355 
1356 /*
1357 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1358 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1359 */
1360 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1361 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1362 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1363 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1364 
1365 /*
1366 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1367 **
1368 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1369 ** read into internal hash tables.
1370 **
1371 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1372 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1373 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1374 */
1375 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1376 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1377 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1378 
1379 /*
1380 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1381 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1382 */
1383 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1384 
1385 /*
1386 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1387 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1388 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1389 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1390 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1391 ** SQL statements.
1392 **
1393 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1394 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1395 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1396 ** objects.
1397 **
1398 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1399 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1400 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1401 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1402 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1403 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1404 **
1405 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1406 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1407 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1408 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1409 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1410 **
1411 ** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
1412 ** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
1413 ** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
1414 ** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
1415 ** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
1416 ** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
1417 **
1418 ** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
1419 ** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
1420 ** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
1421 ** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
1422 ** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
1423 ** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
1424 ** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
1425 ** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
1426 ** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
1427 ** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
1428 ** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
1429 */
1430 struct Lookaside {
1431   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1432   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1433   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1434   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1435   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1436   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1437   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1438   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1439 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1440   LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
1441   LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
1442   void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
1443                           ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
1444 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
1445   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1446   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1447   void *pTrueEnd;         /* True value of pEnd, when db->pnBytesFreed!=0 */
1448 };
1449 struct LookasideSlot {
1450   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1451 };
1452 
1453 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1454 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1455    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1456 
1457 /* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
1458 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1459 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
1460 #else
1461 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
1462 #endif
1463 
1464 /*
1465 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1466 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1467 **
1468 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1469 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1470 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1471 */
1472 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1473 struct FuncDefHash {
1474   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1475 };
1476 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1477 
1478 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1479 /*
1480 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1481 ** to manage user authentication.
1482 */
1483 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1484 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1485   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1486   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1487   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1488   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1489 };
1490 
1491 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1492 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1493 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1494 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1495 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1496 
1497 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1498 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1499 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1500 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1501 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1502 
1503 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1504 
1505 /*
1506 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1507 */
1508 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1509   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1510                                const char*, const char*);
1511 #else
1512   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1513                                const char*);
1514 #endif
1515 
1516 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1517 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1518 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1519 */
1520 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1521 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1522 #else
1523 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1524 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1525 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1526 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1527 
1528 /*
1529 ** Maximum number of sqlite3.aDb[] entries.  This is the number of attached
1530 ** databases plus 2 for "main" and "temp".
1531 */
1532 #define SQLITE_MAX_DB (SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2)
1533 
1534 /*
1535 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1536 */
1537 struct sqlite3 {
1538   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1539   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1540   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
1541   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1542   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1543   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1544   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1545   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1546   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1547   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1548   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1549   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1550   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1551   int errByteOffset;            /* Byte offset of error in SQL statement */
1552   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1553   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1554   u32 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1555   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1556   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1557   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1558   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1559   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1560   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1561   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1562   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1563   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1564   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1565   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1566   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1567   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1568   u8 eOpenState;                /* Current condition of the connection */
1569   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1570   i64 nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1571   i64 nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1572   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1573   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1574   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1575     Pgno newTnum;               /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1576     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1577     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1578     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1579     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1580     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1581     const char **azInit;        /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1582   } init;
1583   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1584   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1585   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1586   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1587   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1588   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1589   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1590   union {
1591     void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);   /* mTrace==SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY */
1592     int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);    /* All other mTrace values */
1593   } trace;
1594   void *pTraceArg;                        /* Argument to the trace function */
1595 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1596   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1597   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1598 #endif
1599   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1600   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1601   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1602   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1603   void *pUpdateArg;
1604   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1605   void *pAutovacPagesArg;           /* Client argument to autovac_pages */
1606   void (*xAutovacDestr)(void*);     /* Destructor for pAutovacPAgesArg */
1607   unsigned int (*xAutovacPages)(void*,const char*,u32,u32,u32);
1608   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1609 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1610   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1611   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1612     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1613   );
1614   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1615 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1616 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1617   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1618   void *pWalArg;
1619 #endif
1620   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1621   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1622   void *pCollNeededArg;
1623   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1624   union {
1625     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1626     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1627   } u1;
1628   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1629 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1630   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1631   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1632 #endif
1633 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1634   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1635   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1636   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1637 #endif
1638 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1639   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1640   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1641   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1642   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1643   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1644 #endif
1645   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1646   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1647   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1648   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1649   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1650   int nAnalysisLimit;           /* Number of index rows to ANALYZE */
1651   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1652   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1653   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1654   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1655   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1656   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1657 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1658   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
1659   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1660   **
1661   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1662   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1663   **
1664   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1665   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1666   ** held by Y.
1667   */
1668   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1669   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1670   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1671   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1672   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1673 #endif
1674 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1675   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1676 #endif
1677 };
1678 
1679 /*
1680 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1681 */
1682 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1683 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1684 
1685 /*
1686 ** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
1687 ** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
1688 ** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
1689 */
1690 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1691 
1692 /*
1693 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1694 **
1695 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1696 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1697 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1698 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1699 */
1700 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_SCHEMA */
1701 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1702 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1703 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1704 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1705 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1706 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1707 #define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
1708                                           ** vtabs in the schema definition */
1709 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1710                                           /*   result set is empty */
1711 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1712 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1713 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1714 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1715 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1716 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1717 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1718 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1719 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1720 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1721 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1722 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1723 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1724 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1725 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1726 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1727 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1728 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1729 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1730 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1731 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1732 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1733 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1734 #define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1735                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1736                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1737 #define SQLITE_CorruptRdOnly  HI(0x00002) /* Prohibit writes due to error */
1738 
1739 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1740 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1741 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1742 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1743 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1744 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1745 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1746 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1747 #endif
1748 
1749 /*
1750 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1751 */
1752 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1753 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1754 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1755 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1756 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1757 #define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
1758 #define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
1759 
1760 /*
1761 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1762 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1763 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1764 */
1765 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x00000001 /* Query flattening */
1766 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x00000002 /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1767 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x00000004 /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1768 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x00000008 /* Constant factoring */
1769 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x00000010 /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1770 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x00000020 /* Covering index scans */
1771 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x00000040 /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1772 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x00000080 /* Transitive constraints */
1773 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x00000100 /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1774 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x00000200 /* The count-of-view optimization */
1775 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x00000400 /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1776 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x00000800 /* Use STAT4 data */
1777    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x0000800. Don't change it */
1778 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x00001000 /* The push-down optimization */
1779 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x00002000 /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1780 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x00004000 /* Skip-scans */
1781 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x00008000 /* The constant propagation opt */
1782 #define SQLITE_MinMaxOpt      0x00010000 /* The min/max optimization */
1783 #define SQLITE_SeekScan       0x00020000 /* The OP_SeekScan optimization */
1784 #define SQLITE_OmitOrderBy    0x00040000 /* Omit pointless ORDER BY */
1785    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x40000. Coordinate any change */
1786 #define SQLITE_BloomFilter    0x00080000 /* Use a Bloom filter on searches */
1787 #define SQLITE_BloomPulldown  0x00100000 /* Run Bloom filters early */
1788 #define SQLITE_BalancedMerge  0x00200000 /* Balance multi-way merges */
1789 #define SQLITE_ReleaseReg     0x00400000 /* Use OP_ReleaseReg for testing */
1790 #define SQLITE_FlttnUnionAll  0x00800000 /* Disable the UNION ALL flattener */
1791    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ See flatten04.test */
1792 #define SQLITE_IndexedExpr    0x01000000 /* Pull exprs from index when able */
1793 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */
1794 
1795 /*
1796 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1797 */
1798 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1799 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1800 
1801 /*
1802 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1803 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1804 */
1805 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1806 
1807 /* Possible values for the sqlite3.eOpenState field.
1808 ** The numbers are randomly selected such that a minimum of three bits must
1809 ** change to convert any number to another or to zero
1810 */
1811 #define SQLITE_STATE_OPEN     0x76  /* Database is open */
1812 #define SQLITE_STATE_CLOSED   0xce  /* Database is closed */
1813 #define SQLITE_STATE_SICK     0xba  /* Error and awaiting close */
1814 #define SQLITE_STATE_BUSY     0x6d  /* Database currently in use */
1815 #define SQLITE_STATE_ERROR    0xd5  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1816 #define SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE   0xa7  /* Close with last statement close */
1817 
1818 /*
1819 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1820 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1821 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1822 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1823 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1824 **
1825 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1826 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1827 */
1828 struct FuncDef {
1829   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1830   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1831   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1832   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1833   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1834   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1835   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1836   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1837   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1838   union {
1839     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1840     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1841   } u; /* pHash if SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN, pDestructor otherwise */
1842 };
1843 
1844 /*
1845 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1846 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1847 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1848 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1849 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1850 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1851 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1852 ** FuncDestructor.
1853 **
1854 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1855 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1856 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1857 */
1858 struct FuncDestructor {
1859   int nRef;
1860   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1861   void *pUserData;
1862 };
1863 
1864 /*
1865 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1866 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1867 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1868 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1869 **
1870 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1871 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX      ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1872 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER    ==  NC_OrderAgg       == SF_OrderByReqd
1873 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH      ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1874 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF      ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1875 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT    ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1876 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT      ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1877 **     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE      ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
1878 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1879 */
1880 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1881 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1882 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1883 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1884 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1885 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1886 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1887 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1888 /*                           0x0200 -- available for reuse */
1889 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1890 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1891 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1892 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1893                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1894 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
1895 /*                           0x8000 -- available for reuse */
1896 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1897 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1898 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1899 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1900 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
1901 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
1902 #define SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN  0x00800000 /* This is a built-in function */
1903 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER 0x08000000 /* count/min/max aggregate */
1904 
1905 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
1906 #define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
1907 #define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
1908 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
1909 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
1910 #define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
1911 #define INLINEFUNC_iif                  5
1912 #define INLINEFUNC_sqlite_offset        6
1913 #define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
1914 
1915 /*
1916 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1917 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1918 **
1919 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1920 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1921 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1922 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1923 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1924 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1925 **
1926 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1927 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1928 **
1929 **   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1930 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1931 **     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
1932 **
1933 **   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1934 **     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
1935 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1936 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1937 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1938 **
1939 **   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1940 **     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
1941 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1942 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1943 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1944 **
1945 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1946 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1947 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1948 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1949 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1950 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1951 **
1952 **   MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc)
1953 **     For math-library functions.  xPtr is an arbitrary pointer.
1954 **
1955 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1956 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1957 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1958 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1959 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1960 **
1961 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1962 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1963 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1964 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1965 **     FUNCTION().
1966 **
1967 **   WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1968 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1969 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1970 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1971 **     FUNCTION().
1972 **
1973 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1974 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1975 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1976 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1977 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1978 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1979 **     parameter.
1980 */
1981 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1982   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1983    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1984    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1985 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1986   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1987    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1988 #define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1989   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
1990    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1991 #define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
1992   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1993    xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1994 #define JFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xFunc) \
1995   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|\
1996    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1997    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1998 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1999   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
2000    SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
2001    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2002 #define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
2003   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
2004          SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
2005          SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
2006    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2007 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
2008   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
2009    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2010 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
2011   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
2012          SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
2013    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2014 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
2015   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
2016    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
2017    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2018 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
2019   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
2020    SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
2021    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
2022 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
2023   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
2024    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2025 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
2026   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
2027    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
2028 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
2029   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
2030    SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
2031    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2032 
2033 
2034 /*
2035 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
2036 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
2037 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
2038 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
2039 */
2040 struct Savepoint {
2041   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
2042   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
2043   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
2044   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
2045 };
2046 
2047 /*
2048 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
2049 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
2050 */
2051 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
2052 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
2053 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
2054 
2055 
2056 /*
2057 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
2058 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
2059 ** hash table.
2060 */
2061 struct Module {
2062   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
2063   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
2064   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
2065   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
2066   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
2067   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
2068 };
2069 
2070 /*
2071 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
2072 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
2073 **
2074 ** Definitions:
2075 **
2076 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
2077 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
2078 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
2079 **
2080 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
2081 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
2082 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
2083 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
2084 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
2085 **                            columns to the left.
2086 **
2087 ** Notes on zCnName:
2088 ** The zCnName field stores the name of the column, the datatype of the
2089 ** column, and the collating sequence for the column, in that order, all in
2090 ** a single allocation.  Each string is 0x00 terminated.  The datatype
2091 ** is only included if the COLFLAG_HASTYPE bit of colFlags is set and the
2092 ** collating sequence name is only included if the COLFLAG_HASCOLL bit is
2093 ** set.
2094 */
2095 struct Column {
2096   char *zCnName;        /* Name of this column */
2097   unsigned notNull :4;  /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
2098   unsigned eCType :4;   /* One of the standard types */
2099   char affinity;        /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
2100   u8 szEst;             /* Est size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
2101   u8 hName;             /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
2102   u16 iDflt;            /* 1-based index of DEFAULT.  0 means "none" */
2103   u16 colFlags;         /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
2104 };
2105 
2106 /* Allowed values for Column.eCType.
2107 **
2108 ** Values must match entries in the global constant arrays
2109 ** sqlite3StdTypeLen[] and sqlite3StdType[].  Each value is one more
2110 ** than the offset into these arrays for the corresponding name.
2111 ** Adjust the SQLITE_N_STDTYPE value if adding or removing entries.
2112 */
2113 #define COLTYPE_CUSTOM      0   /* Type appended to zName */
2114 #define COLTYPE_ANY         1
2115 #define COLTYPE_BLOB        2
2116 #define COLTYPE_INT         3
2117 #define COLTYPE_INTEGER     4
2118 #define COLTYPE_REAL        5
2119 #define COLTYPE_TEXT        6
2120 #define SQLITE_N_STDTYPE    6  /* Number of standard types */
2121 
2122 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags.
2123 **
2124 ** Constraints:
2125 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2126 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2127 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2128 */
2129 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
2130 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
2131 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
2132 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
2133 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
2134 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
2135 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
2136 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
2137 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
2138 #define COLFLAG_HASCOLL   0x0200   /* Has collating sequence name in zCnName */
2139 #define COLFLAG_NOEXPAND  0x0400   /* Omit this column when expanding "*" */
2140 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2141 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2142 
2143 /*
2144 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
2145 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
2146 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
2147 **
2148 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
2149 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
2150 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
2151 */
2152 struct CollSeq {
2153   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
2154   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
2155   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
2156   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
2157   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
2158 };
2159 
2160 /*
2161 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
2162 */
2163 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
2164 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
2165 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
2166 
2167 /*
2168 ** Column affinity types.
2169 **
2170 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
2171 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
2172 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
2173 **
2174 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
2175 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
2176 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
2177 **
2178 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
2179 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
2180 */
2181 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
2182 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
2183 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
2184 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
2185 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
2186 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
2187 
2188 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
2189 
2190 /*
2191 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
2192 ** affinity value.
2193 */
2194 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
2195 
2196 /*
2197 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
2198 ** changing the affinity.
2199 **
2200 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
2201 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
2202 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
2203 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
2204 */
2205 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
2206 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
2207 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
2208 
2209 /*
2210 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
2211 ** the database schema.
2212 **
2213 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
2214 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
2215 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
2216 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
2217 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
2218 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
2219 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
2220 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
2221 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
2222 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
2223 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
2224 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
2225 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
2226 **
2227 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
2228 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
2229 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
2230 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
2231 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
2232 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
2233 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
2234 **
2235 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
2236 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
2237 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
2238 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
2239 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
2240 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
2241 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
2242 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
2243 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
2244 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
2245 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
2246 **
2247 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
2248 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
2249 ** the first argument.
2250 */
2251 struct VTable {
2252   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
2253   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
2254   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
2255   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
2256   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
2257   u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
2258   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
2259   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
2260 };
2261 
2262 /* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
2263 */
2264 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
2265 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
2266 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
2267 
2268 /*
2269 ** The schema for each SQL table, virtual table, and view is represented
2270 ** in memory by an instance of the following structure.
2271 */
2272 struct Table {
2273   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2274   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2275   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2276   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2277   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2278                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2279   Pgno tnum;           /* Root BTree page for this table */
2280   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2281   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2282   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2283   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2284   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2285   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2286   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2287 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2288   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2289 #endif
2290   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2291   u8 eTabType;         /* 0: normal, 1: virtual, 2: view */
2292   union {
2293     struct {             /* Used by ordinary tables: */
2294       int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2295       FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2296       ExprList *pDfltList; /* DEFAULT clauses on various columns.
2297                            ** Or the AS clause for generated columns. */
2298     } tab;
2299     struct {             /* Used by views: */
2300       Select *pSelect;     /* View definition */
2301     } view;
2302     struct {             /* Used by virtual tables only: */
2303       int nArg;            /* Number of arguments to the module */
2304       char **azArg;        /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2305       VTable *p;           /* List of VTable objects. */
2306     } vtab;
2307   } u;
2308   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers on this object */
2309   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2310 };
2311 
2312 /*
2313 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2314 **
2315 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2316 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2317 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2318 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2319 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2320 **
2321 ** Constraints:
2322 **
2323 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2324 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2325 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2326 */
2327 #define TF_Readonly       0x00000001 /* Read-only system table */
2328 #define TF_HasHidden      0x00000002 /* Has one or more hidden columns */
2329 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey  0x00000004 /* Table has a primary key */
2330 #define TF_Autoincrement  0x00000008 /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2331 #define TF_HasStat1       0x00000010 /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2332 #define TF_HasVirtual     0x00000020 /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2333 #define TF_HasStored      0x00000040 /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2334 #define TF_HasGenerated   0x00000060 /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2335 #define TF_WithoutRowid   0x00000080 /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2336 #define TF_StatsUsed      0x00000100 /* Query planner decisions affected by
2337                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2338 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid 0x00000200 /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2339 #define TF_OOOHidden      0x00000400 /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2340 #define TF_HasNotNull     0x00000800 /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2341 #define TF_Shadow         0x00001000 /* True for a shadow table */
2342 #define TF_HasStat4       0x00002000 /* STAT4 info available for this table */
2343 #define TF_Ephemeral      0x00004000 /* An ephemeral table */
2344 #define TF_Eponymous      0x00008000 /* An eponymous virtual table */
2345 #define TF_Strict         0x00010000 /* STRICT mode */
2346 
2347 /*
2348 ** Allowed values for Table.eTabType
2349 */
2350 #define TABTYP_NORM      0     /* Ordinary table */
2351 #define TABTYP_VTAB      1     /* Virtual table */
2352 #define TABTYP_VIEW      2     /* A view */
2353 
2354 #define IsView(X)           ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VIEW)
2355 #define IsOrdinaryTable(X)  ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_NORM)
2356 
2357 /*
2358 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2359 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2360 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2361 */
2362 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2363 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2364 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
2365    ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2366 #else
2367 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2368 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
2369 #endif
2370 
2371 /*
2372 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2373 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2374 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2375 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2376 */
2377 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2378 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2379 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2380 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2381 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2382 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2383 #else
2384 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2385 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2386 #endif
2387 
2388 
2389 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2390 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2391 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2392 
2393 /*
2394 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2395 **
2396 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2397 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2398 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2399 ** Consider this example:
2400 **
2401 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2402 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2403 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2404 **     );
2405 **
2406 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2407 ** Equivalent names:
2408 **
2409 **     from-table == child-table
2410 **       to-table == parent-table
2411 **
2412 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2413 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2414 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2415 **
2416 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2417 **
2418 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2419 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2420 */
2421 struct FKey {
2422   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2423   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2424   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2425   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2426   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2427   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2428   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2429   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2430   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2431   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2432   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2433     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2434     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2435   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2436 };
2437 
2438 /*
2439 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2440 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2441 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2442 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2443 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2444 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2445 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2446 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2447 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2448 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2449 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2450 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2451 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2452 ** UPDATE applies to insert operations only and means that the insert
2453 ** is omitted and the DO UPDATE clause of an upsert is run instead.
2454 **
2455 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, SETDFLT, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2456 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2457 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2458 ** key is set to NULL.  SETDFLT means that the foreign key is set
2459 ** to its default value.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2460 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2461 ** foreign key.
2462 **
2463 ** The OE_Default value is a place holder that means to use whatever
2464 ** conflict resolution algorthm is required from context.
2465 **
2466 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2467 ** of conflict resolution action to take.
2468 */
2469 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2470 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2471 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2472 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2473 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2474 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2475 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2476 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2477 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2478 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2479 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2480 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2481 
2482 
2483 /*
2484 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2485 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2486 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2487 **
2488 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2489 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2490 ** for the rowid at the end.
2491 */
2492 struct KeyInfo {
2493   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2494   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2495   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2496   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2497   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2498   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2499   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2500 };
2501 
2502 /*
2503 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2504 */
2505 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2506 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2507 
2508 /*
2509 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2510 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2511 **
2512 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2513 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2514 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2515 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2516 ** OP_Column opcode.
2517 **
2518 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2519 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2520 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2521 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2522 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2523 **
2524 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2525 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2526 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2527 ** is in DESC order.
2528 **
2529 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2530 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2531 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2532 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2533 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2534 ** find the first match.
2535 **
2536 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2537 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2538 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2539 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2540 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2541 ** b-tree.
2542 */
2543 struct UnpackedRecord {
2544   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2545   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2546   union {
2547     char *z;            /* Cache of aMem[0].z for vdbeRecordCompareString() */
2548     i64 i;              /* Cache of aMem[0].u.i for vdbeRecordCompareInt() */
2549   } u;
2550   int n;              /* Cache of aMem[0].n used by vdbeRecordCompareString() */
2551   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2552   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2553   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2554   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2555   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2556   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2557 };
2558 
2559 
2560 /*
2561 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2562 ** instance of the following structure.
2563 **
2564 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2565 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2566 ** we have the following table and index:
2567 **
2568 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2569 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2570 **
2571 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2572 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2573 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2574 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2575 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2576 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2577 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2578 **
2579 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2580 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2581 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2582 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2583 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2584 ** element.
2585 **
2586 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2587 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
2588 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2589 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2590 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2591 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2592 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2593 */
2594 struct Index {
2595   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2596   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2597   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2598   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2599   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2600   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2601   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2602   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2603   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2604   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2605   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2606   Pgno tnum;               /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2607   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2608   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2609   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2610   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2611   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2612   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2613   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2614   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2615   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2616   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2617   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2618   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2619   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2620   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2621   unsigned bHasExpr:1;     /* Index contains an expression, either a literal
2622                            ** expression, or a reference to a VIRTUAL column */
2623 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2624   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2625   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2626   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2627   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2628   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2629   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2630 #endif
2631   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2632 };
2633 
2634 /*
2635 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2636 */
2637 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2638 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2639 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2640 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2641 
2642 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2643 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2644 
2645 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2646 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2647 
2648 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2649 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2650 */
2651 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2652 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2653 
2654 /*
2655 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2656 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2657 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2658 */
2659 struct IndexSample {
2660   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2661   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2662   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2663   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2664   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2665 };
2666 
2667 /*
2668 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2669 */
2670 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2671 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2672 
2673 /*
2674 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2675 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2676 **
2677 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2678 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2679 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2680 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2681 ** static string.
2682 */
2683 struct Token {
2684   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2685   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2686 };
2687 
2688 /*
2689 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2690 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2691 **
2692 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2693 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iAgg field is the index in
2694 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2695 ** code for that node.
2696 **
2697 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2698 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2699 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2700 */
2701 struct AggInfo {
2702   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2703                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2704   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2705                           ** than the source table */
2706   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2707   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2708   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2709   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2710   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2711   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2712     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2713     Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
2714     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2715     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2716     i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2717     i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2718   } *aCol;
2719   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2720   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2721                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2722                           ** aggregate functions */
2723   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2724     Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
2725     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2726     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2727     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2728     int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
2729   } *aFunc;
2730   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2731   u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
2732 };
2733 
2734 /*
2735 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2736 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2737 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2738 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2739 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2740 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2741 ** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
2742 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2743 */
2744 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
2745 typedef i16 ynVar;
2746 #else
2747 typedef int ynVar;
2748 #endif
2749 
2750 /*
2751 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2752 ** of this structure.
2753 **
2754 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2755 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2756 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2757 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2758 ** tree.
2759 **
2760 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2761 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.u.zToken contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2762 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.u.zToken contains the
2763 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2764 ** then Expr.u.zToken contains the name of the function.
2765 **
2766 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2767 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2768 **
2769 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2770 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2771 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2772 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2773 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2774 ** valid.
2775 **
2776 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2777 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2778 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2779 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2780 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2781 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2782 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2783 **
2784 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2785 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2786 ** number for that variable.
2787 **
2788 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2789 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2790 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2791 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2792 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2793 **
2794 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2795 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2796 ** corresponding table definition.
2797 **
2798 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2799 **
2800 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2801 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2802 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2803 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2804 ** together with Expr.u.zToken strings.
2805 **
2806 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2807 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2808 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2809 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2810 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2811 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2812 */
2813 struct Expr {
2814   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2815   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2816   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2817                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2818                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2819                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2820 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2821   u8 vvaFlags;           /* Verification flags. */
2822 #endif
2823   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2824   union {
2825     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2826     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2827   } u;
2828 
2829   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2830   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2831   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2832   *********************************************************************/
2833 
2834   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2835   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2836   union {
2837     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2838     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2839   } x;
2840 
2841   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2842   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2843   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2844   *********************************************************************/
2845 
2846 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2847   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2848 #endif
2849   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2850                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2851                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2852                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2853                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2854                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2855                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2856   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2857                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2858                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2859   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2860   union {
2861     int iJoin;             /* If EP_OuterON or EP_InnerON, the right table */
2862     int iOfst;             /* else: start of token from start of statement */
2863   } w;
2864   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2865   union {
2866     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2867                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2868     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2869     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2870       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2871       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2872     } sub;
2873   } y;
2874 };
2875 
2876 /* The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2877 ** Value restrictions:
2878 **
2879 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2880 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2881 */
2882 #define EP_OuterON    0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2883 #define EP_InnerON    0x000002 /* Originates in ON/USING of an inner join */
2884 #define EP_Distinct   0x000004 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2885 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000008 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2886 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2887 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000020 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2888 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000040 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2889 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000080 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2890 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000100 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2891 #define EP_Collate    0x000200 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2892 #define EP_Commuted   0x000400 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2893 #define EP_IntValue   0x000800 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2894 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x001000 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2895 #define EP_Skip       0x002000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2896 #define EP_Reduced    0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2897 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2898 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x010000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2899                    /* 0x020000 // Available for reuse */
2900 #define EP_IfNullRow  0x040000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
2901 #define EP_Unlikely   0x080000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2902 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x100000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2903 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x200000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2904 #define EP_Subquery   0x400000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2905 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2906 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2907 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2908 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2909 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2910 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2911 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2912 #define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
2913                /*   0x80000000 // Available */
2914 
2915 /* The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2916 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2917 */
2918 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2919 
2920 /* Macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2921 ** Expr.flags field.
2922 */
2923 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2924 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2925 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2926 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2927 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_OuterON|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2928 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_OuterON|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2929 
2930 /* Macros used to ensure that the correct members of unions are accessed
2931 ** in Expr.
2932 */
2933 #define ExprUseUToken(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)==0)
2934 #define ExprUseUValue(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)!=0)
2935 #define ExprUseXList(E)     (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)==0)
2936 #define ExprUseXSelect(E)   (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)!=0)
2937 #define ExprUseYTab(E)      (((E)->flags&(EP_WinFunc|EP_Subrtn))==0)
2938 #define ExprUseYWin(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_WinFunc)!=0)
2939 #define ExprUseYSub(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_Subrtn)!=0)
2940 
2941 /* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
2942 */
2943 #define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2944 #define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */
2945 
2946 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2947 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2948 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2949 */
2950 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2951 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)   (E)->vvaFlags|=(P)
2952 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   (((E)->vvaFlags&(P))!=0)
2953 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E) (E)->vvaFlags = 0
2954 #else
2955 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2956 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   0
2957 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E)
2958 #endif
2959 
2960 /*
2961 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2962 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2963 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2964 */
2965 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2966 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2967 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2968 
2969 /*
2970 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2971 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2972 */
2973 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2974 
2975 /*
2976 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2977 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2978 */
2979 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2980 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2981 #else
2982 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2983     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2984  )
2985 #endif
2986 
2987 /*
2988 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2989 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2990 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2991 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2992 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2993 ** field is not used.
2994 **
2995 ** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
2996 ** is used for multiple purposes:
2997 **
2998 **     eEName          Usage
2999 **    ----------       -------------------------
3000 **    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
3001 **                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
3002 **
3003 **    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
3004 **                     of subqueries
3005 **
3006 **    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
3007 **                     expression.
3008 */
3009 struct ExprList {
3010   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
3011   int nAlloc;            /* Number of a[] slots allocated */
3012   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
3013     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
3014     char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
3015     struct {
3016       u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
3017       unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
3018       unsigned done :1;       /* Indicates when processing is finished */
3019       unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
3020       unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
3021       unsigned bNulls :1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
3022       unsigned bUsed :1;      /* This column used in a SF_NestedFrom subquery */
3023       unsigned bUsingTerm:1;  /* Term from the USING clause of a NestedFrom */
3024       unsigned bNoExpand: 1;  /* Term is an auxiliary in NestedFrom and should
3025                               ** not be expanded by "*" in parent queries */
3026     } fg;
3027     union {
3028       struct {             /* Used by any ExprList other than Parse.pConsExpr */
3029         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
3030         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
3031       } x;
3032       int iConstExprReg;   /* Register in which Expr value is cached. Used only
3033                            ** by Parse.pConstExpr */
3034     } u;
3035   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
3036 };
3037 
3038 /*
3039 ** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
3040 */
3041 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
3042 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
3043 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
3044 
3045 /*
3046 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
3047 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
3048 **
3049 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
3050 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
3051 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
3052 **
3053 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
3054 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
3055 **
3056 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
3057 **
3058 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
3059 */
3060 struct IdList {
3061   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
3062   u8 eU4;          /* Which element of a.u4 is valid */
3063   struct IdList_item {
3064     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
3065     union {
3066       int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
3067       Expr *pExpr;      /* Expr to implement a USING variable -- NOT USED */
3068     } u4;
3069   } a[1];
3070 };
3071 
3072 /*
3073 ** Allowed values for IdList.eType, which determines which value of the a.u4
3074 ** is valid.
3075 */
3076 #define EU4_NONE   0   /* Does not use IdList.a.u4 */
3077 #define EU4_IDX    1   /* Uses IdList.a.u4.idx */
3078 #define EU4_EXPR   2   /* Uses IdList.a.u4.pExpr -- NOT CURRENTLY USED */
3079 
3080 /*
3081 ** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
3082 ** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
3083 **
3084 ** Union member validity:
3085 **
3086 **    u1.zIndexedBy          fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
3087 **    u1.pFuncArg            fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
3088 **    u2.pIBIndex            fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
3089 **    u2.pCteUse             fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
3090 */
3091 struct SrcItem {
3092   Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
3093   char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
3094   char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
3095   char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
3096   Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
3097   Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
3098   int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
3099   int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
3100   int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
3101   struct {
3102     u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
3103     unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
3104     unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
3105     unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
3106     unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
3107     unsigned isMaterialized:1; /* This is a materialized view */
3108     unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
3109     unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
3110     unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
3111     unsigned isCte :1;         /* This is a CTE */
3112     unsigned notCte :1;        /* This item may not match a CTE */
3113     unsigned isUsing :1;       /* u3.pUsing is valid */
3114     unsigned isOn :1;          /* u3.pOn was once valid and non-NULL */
3115     unsigned isSynthUsing :1;  /* u3.pUsing is synthensized from NATURAL */
3116     unsigned isNestedFrom :1;  /* pSelect is a SF_NestedFrom subquery */
3117   } fg;
3118   int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
3119   union {
3120     Expr *pOn;        /* fg.isUsing==0 =>  The ON clause of a join */
3121     IdList *pUsing;   /* fg.isUsing==1 =>  The USING clause of a join */
3122   } u3;
3123   Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
3124   union {
3125     char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
3126     ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
3127   } u1;
3128   union {
3129     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
3130     CteUse *pCteUse;  /* CTE Usage info info fg.isCte is true */
3131   } u2;
3132 };
3133 
3134 /*
3135 ** The OnOrUsing object represents either an ON clause or a USING clause.
3136 ** It can never be both at the same time, but it can be neither.
3137 */
3138 struct OnOrUsing {
3139   Expr *pOn;         /* The ON clause of a join */
3140   IdList *pUsing;    /* The USING clause of a join */
3141 };
3142 
3143 /*
3144 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
3145 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
3146 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
3147 **
3148 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
3149 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
3150 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
3151 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
3152 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
3153 **
3154 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
3155 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
3156 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
3157 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
3158 **
3159 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
3160 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
3161 */
3162 struct SrcList {
3163   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
3164   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
3165   SrcItem a[1];    /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
3166 };
3167 
3168 /*
3169 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
3170 */
3171 #define JT_INNER     0x01    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
3172 #define JT_CROSS     0x02    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
3173 #define JT_NATURAL   0x04    /* True for a "natural" join */
3174 #define JT_LEFT      0x08    /* Left outer join */
3175 #define JT_RIGHT     0x10    /* Right outer join */
3176 #define JT_OUTER     0x20    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
3177 #define JT_LTORJ     0x40    /* One of the LEFT operands of a RIGHT JOIN
3178                              ** Mnemonic: Left Table Of Right Join */
3179 #define JT_ERROR     0x80    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
3180 
3181 /*
3182 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
3183 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
3184 **
3185 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3186 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
3187 */
3188 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
3189 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
3190 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
3191 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
3192 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
3193 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
3194 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
3195                                       ** the OR optimization  */
3196 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
3197 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
3198 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
3199 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
3200 #define WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT     0x0400 /* Query is "SELECT agg(DISTINCT ...)" */
3201 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
3202 #define WHERE_RIGHT_JOIN       0x1000 /* Processing a RIGHT JOIN */
3203                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
3204 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
3205                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
3206 
3207 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
3208 */
3209 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
3210 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
3211 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
3212 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
3213 
3214 /*
3215 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
3216 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
3217 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
3218 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
3219 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
3220 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
3221 ** other statements.
3222 **
3223 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
3224 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
3225 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
3226 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
3227 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
3228 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
3229 **
3230 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
3231 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
3232 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
3233 ** subqueries looking for a match.
3234 */
3235 struct NameContext {
3236   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
3237   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
3238   union {
3239     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
3240     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
3241     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
3242     int iBaseReg;        /* For TK_REGISTER when parsing RETURNING */
3243   } uNC;
3244   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
3245   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
3246   int nNcErr;          /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
3247   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
3248   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
3249 };
3250 
3251 /*
3252 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
3253 **
3254 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
3255 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg       == EP_Agg
3256 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg    == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3257 **    NC_OrderAgg  == SF_OrderByReqd  == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3258 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
3259 **
3260 */
3261 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x000001 /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
3262 #define NC_PartIdx   0x000002 /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
3263 #define NC_IsCheck   0x000004 /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
3264 #define NC_GenCol    0x000008 /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
3265 #define NC_HasAgg    0x000010 /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
3266 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x000020 /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
3267 #define NC_SelfRef   0x00002e /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
3268 #define NC_VarSelect 0x000040 /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
3269 #define NC_UEList    0x000080 /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
3270 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x000100 /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
3271 #define NC_UUpsert   0x000200 /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
3272 #define NC_UBaseReg  0x000400 /* True if uNC.iBaseReg is used */
3273 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x001000 /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
3274 #define NC_Complex   0x002000 /* True if a function or subquery seen */
3275 #define NC_AllowWin  0x004000 /* Window functions are allowed here */
3276 #define NC_HasWin    0x008000 /* One or more window functions seen */
3277 #define NC_IsDDL     0x010000 /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
3278 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x020000 /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
3279 #define NC_FromDDL   0x040000 /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
3280 #define NC_NoSelect  0x080000 /* Do not descend into sub-selects */
3281 #define NC_OrderAgg 0x8000000 /* Has an aggregate other than count/min/max */
3282 
3283 /*
3284 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
3285 ** clause in an upsert.
3286 **
3287 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
3288 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
3289 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
3290 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
3291 **
3292 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
3293 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
3294 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
3295 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
3296 */
3297 struct Upsert {
3298   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflict target */
3299   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
3300   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3301   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3302   Upsert *pNextUpsert;      /* Next ON CONFLICT clause in the list */
3303   u8 isDoUpdate;            /* True for DO UPDATE.  False for DO NOTHING */
3304   /* Above this point is the parse tree for the ON CONFLICT clauses.
3305   ** The next group of fields stores intermediate data. */
3306   void *pToFree;            /* Free memory when deleting the Upsert object */
3307   /* All fields above are owned by the Upsert object and must be freed
3308   ** when the Upsert is destroyed.  The fields below are used to transfer
3309   ** information from the INSERT processing down into the UPDATE processing
3310   ** while generating code.  The fields below are owned by the INSERT
3311   ** statement and will be freed by INSERT processing. */
3312   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* UNIQUE constraint specified by pUpsertTarget */
3313   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
3314   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
3315   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
3316   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
3317 };
3318 
3319 /*
3320 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
3321 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
3322 **
3323 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
3324 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
3325 **
3326 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
3327 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
3328 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
3329 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
3330 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
3331 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
3332 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
3333 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
3334 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
3335 */
3336 struct Select {
3337   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
3338   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
3339   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
3340   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
3341   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
3342   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
3343   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
3344   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
3345   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
3346   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
3347   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
3348   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
3349   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
3350   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
3351   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
3352   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
3353 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3354   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
3355   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
3356 #endif
3357 };
3358 
3359 /*
3360 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
3361 ** "Select Flag".
3362 **
3363 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
3364 **     SF_HasAgg      == NC_HasAgg
3365 **     SF_MinMaxAgg   == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3366 **     SF_OrderByReqd == NC_OrderAgg      == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3367 **     SF_FixedLimit  == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
3368 */
3369 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
3370 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
3371 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
3372 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
3373 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
3374 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
3375 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
3376 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
3377 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
3378 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
3379 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
3380 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
3381 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
3382 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
3383 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
3384 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3385 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3386 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
3387 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
3388 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
3389 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
3390 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
3391 #define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
3392 #define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
3393 #define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
3394 #define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
3395 #define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
3396 #define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */
3397 
3398 /* True if S exists and has SF_NestedFrom */
3399 #define IsNestedFrom(S) ((S)!=0 && ((S)->selFlags&SF_NestedFrom)!=0)
3400 
3401 /*
3402 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
3403 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
3404 ** Type".
3405 **
3406 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
3407 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
3408 **
3409 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
3410 **
3411 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
3412 **                     set is not empty.
3413 **
3414 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
3415 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
3416 **                     the side-effects of functions.
3417 **
3418 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
3419 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
3420 **
3421 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
3422 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3423 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3424 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3425 **
3426 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3427 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3428 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3429 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3430 **
3431 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3432 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3433 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3434 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3435 **                     the table first.
3436 **
3437 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3438 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3439 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3440 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3441 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3442 **
3443 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3444 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3445 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3446 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3447 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3448 **
3449 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3450 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3451 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3452 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3453 **
3454 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3455 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3456 **                     are distinct.
3457 **
3458 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3459 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3460 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3461 **
3462 **     SRT_Upfrom      Store results in the temporary table already opened by
3463 **                     pDest->iSDParm. If (pDest->iSDParm<0), then the temp
3464 **                     table is an intkey table - in this case the first
3465 **                     column returned by the SELECT is used as the integer
3466 **                     key. If (pDest->iSDParm>0), then the table is an index
3467 **                     table. (pDest->iSDParm) is the number of key columns in
3468 **                     each index record in this case.
3469 */
3470 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3471 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3472 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3473 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3474 #define SRT_DistFifo     5  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3475 #define SRT_DistQueue    6  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3476 
3477 /* The DISTINCT clause is ignored for all of the above.  Not that
3478 ** IgnorableDistinct() implies IgnorableOrderby() */
3479 #define IgnorableDistinct(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3480 
3481 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3482 #define SRT_Fifo         8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3483 
3484 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3485 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Fifo)
3486 
3487 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3488 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3489 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3490 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3491 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3492 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3493 #define SRT_Upfrom      15  /* Store result as data with rowid */
3494 
3495 /*
3496 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3497 ** a SELECT statement.
3498 */
3499 struct SelectDest {
3500   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
3501   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3502   int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
3503   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3504   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3505   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3506   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3507 };
3508 
3509 /*
3510 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3511 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3512 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3513 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3514 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3515 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3516 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3517 */
3518 struct AutoincInfo {
3519   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3520   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3521   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3522   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3523 };
3524 
3525 /*
3526 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3527 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3528 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3529 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3530 ** completed.
3531 **
3532 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3533 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3534 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3535 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3536 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3537 **
3538 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3539 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3540 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3541 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3542 */
3543 struct TriggerPrg {
3544   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3545   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3546   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3547   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3548   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3549 };
3550 
3551 /*
3552 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3553 */
3554 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3555   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3556 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3557 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3558 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3559 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3560 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3561 #else
3562   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3563 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3564 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3565 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3566 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3567 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3568 #endif
3569 
3570 /*
3571 ** For each index X that has as one of its arguments either an expression
3572 ** or the name of a virtual generated column, and if X is in scope such that
3573 ** the value of the expression can simply be read from the index, then
3574 ** there is an instance of this object on the Parse.pIdxExpr list.
3575 **
3576 ** During code generation, while generating code to evaluate expressions,
3577 ** this list is consulted and if a matching expression is found, the value
3578 ** is read from the index rather than being recomputed.
3579 */
3580 struct IndexedExpr {
3581   Expr *pExpr;            /* The expression contained in the index */
3582   int iDataCur;           /* The data cursor associated with the index */
3583   int iIdxCur;            /* The index cursor */
3584   int iIdxCol;            /* The index column that contains value of pExpr */
3585   u8 bMaybeNullRow;       /* True if we need an OP_IfNullRow check */
3586   IndexedExpr *pIENext;   /* Next in a list of all indexed expressions */
3587 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
3588   const char *zIdxName;   /* Name of index, used only for bytecode comments */
3589 #endif
3590 };
3591 
3592 /*
3593 ** An instance of the ParseCleanup object specifies an operation that
3594 ** should be performed after parsing to deallocation resources obtained
3595 ** during the parse and which are no longer needed.
3596 */
3597 struct ParseCleanup {
3598   ParseCleanup *pNext;               /* Next cleanup task */
3599   void *pPtr;                        /* Pointer to object to deallocate */
3600   void (*xCleanup)(sqlite3*,void*);  /* Deallocation routine */
3601 };
3602 
3603 /*
3604 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3605 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3606 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3607 **
3608 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3609 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3610 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3611 ** each recursion.
3612 **
3613 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3614 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3615 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3616 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3617 ** list.
3618 */
3619 struct Parse {
3620   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3621   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3622   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3623   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3624   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3625   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3626   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3627   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3628   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3629   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3630   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3631   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3632   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3633   u8 prepFlags;        /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
3634   u8 withinRJSubrtn;   /* Nesting level for RIGHT JOIN body subroutines */
3635 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
3636   u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
3637 #endif
3638   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3639   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3640   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3641   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3642   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3643   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3644   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3645                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3646   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3647   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3648   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3649   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3650   IndexedExpr *pIdxExpr;/* List of expressions used by active indexes */
3651   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3652   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3653   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3654   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3655   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3656   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3657   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3658 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3659   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3660   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3661 #endif
3662   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3663   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3664   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3665   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3666   ParseCleanup *pCleanup;   /* List of cleanup operations to run after parse */
3667   union {
3668     int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
3669     Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
3670   } u1;
3671   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3672   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3673   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3674   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3675   u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
3676   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3677   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3678 
3679   /**************************************************************************
3680   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3681   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3682   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3683   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3684   **************************************************************************/
3685 
3686   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3687   Parse *pOuterParse;     /* Outer Parse object when nested */
3688   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3689 
3690   /************************************************************************
3691   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3692   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3693   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3694   ** first field in the recursive region.
3695   ************************************************************************/
3696 
3697   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3698   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3699   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3700   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3701   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3702 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3703   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3704 #endif
3705   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3706 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3707   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3708 #endif
3709   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3710   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3711   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3712   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3713   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3714                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3715                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3716   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3717   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3718 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3719   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3720   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3721 #endif
3722   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3723 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3724   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3725 #endif
3726 };
3727 
3728 /* Allowed values for Parse.eParseMode
3729 */
3730 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3731 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3732 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3733 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3734 
3735 /*
3736 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3737 */
3738 #define PARSE_HDR(X)  (((char*)(X))+offsetof(Parse,zErrMsg))
3739 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ (offsetof(Parse,aTempReg)-offsetof(Parse,zErrMsg)) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3740 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3741 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3742 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3743 
3744 /*
3745 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3746 */
3747 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3748   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3749 #else
3750   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3751 #endif
3752 
3753 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3754   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3755 #else
3756   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3757 #endif
3758 
3759 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3760   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3761 #else
3762   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3763 #endif
3764 
3765 /*
3766 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3767 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3768 */
3769 struct AuthContext {
3770   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3771   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3772 };
3773 
3774 /*
3775 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3776 **
3777 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3778 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3779 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3780 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3781 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3782 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3783 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3784 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3785 */
3786 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3787                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3788 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3789 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3790 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3791 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3792 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3793 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3794 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3795 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3796 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3797 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3798 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3799 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3800 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3801 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3802 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3803 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3804 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3805 #define OPFLAG_PREFORMAT     0x80    /* OP_Insert uses preformatted cell */
3806 
3807 /*
3808 ** Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3809 ** struct Trigger.
3810 **
3811 ** Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3812 ** 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3813 **    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3814 ** 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3815 **    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3816 **    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3817 **    struct Table.
3818 **
3819 ** The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3820 ** containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3821 */
3822 struct Trigger {
3823   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3824   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3825   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3826   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3827   u8 bReturning;          /* This trigger implements a RETURNING clause */
3828   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3829   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3830                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3831   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3832   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3833   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3834   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3835 };
3836 
3837 /*
3838 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3839 ** determine which.
3840 **
3841 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3842 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3843 */
3844 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3845 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3846 
3847 /*
3848 ** An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3849 ** that is a part of a trigger-program.
3850 **
3851 ** Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3852 ** using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3853 ** associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3854 ** the first step of the trigger-program.
3855 **
3856 ** The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3857 ** "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3858 ** value of "op" as follows:
3859 **
3860 ** (op == TK_INSERT)
3861 ** orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3862 ** pSelect   -> The content to be inserted - either a SELECT statement or
3863 **              a VALUES clause.
3864 ** zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3865 ** pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3866 **              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3867 **              inserted into.
3868 ** pUpsert   -> The ON CONFLICT clauses for an Upsert
3869 **
3870 ** (op == TK_DELETE)
3871 ** zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3872 ** pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3873 **              Otherwise NULL.
3874 **
3875 ** (op == TK_UPDATE)
3876 ** zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3877 ** pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3878 **              Otherwise NULL.
3879 ** pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3880 **              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3881 **              argument.
3882 **
3883 ** (op == TK_SELECT)
3884 ** pSelect   -> The SELECT statement
3885 **
3886 ** (op == TK_RETURNING)
3887 ** pExprList -> The list of expressions that follow the RETURNING keyword.
3888 **
3889 */
3890 struct TriggerStep {
3891   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT,
3892                        ** or TK_RETURNING */
3893   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3894   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3895   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3896   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3897   SrcList *pFrom;      /* FROM clause for UPDATE statement (if any) */
3898   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3899   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE, or RETURNING clause */
3900   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3901   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3902   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3903   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3904   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3905 };
3906 
3907 /*
3908 ** Information about a RETURNING clause
3909 */
3910 struct Returning {
3911   Parse *pParse;        /* The parse that includes the RETURNING clause */
3912   ExprList *pReturnEL;  /* List of expressions to return */
3913   Trigger retTrig;      /* The transient trigger that implements RETURNING */
3914   TriggerStep retTStep; /* The trigger step */
3915   int iRetCur;          /* Transient table holding RETURNING results */
3916   int nRetCol;          /* Number of in pReturnEL after expansion */
3917   int iRetReg;          /* Register array for holding a row of RETURNING */
3918 };
3919 
3920 /*
3921 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3922 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3923 */
3924 struct sqlite3_str {
3925   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3926   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3927   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3928   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3929   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3930   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3931   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3932 };
3933 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3934 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3935 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3936 
3937 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3938 
3939 
3940 /*
3941 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3942 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3943 */
3944 typedef struct {
3945   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3946   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3947   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3948   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3949   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3950   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3951   Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
3952 } InitData;
3953 
3954 /*
3955 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3956 */
3957 #define INITFLAG_AlterMask     0x0003  /* Types of ALTER */
3958 #define INITFLAG_AlterRename   0x0001  /* Reparse after a RENAME */
3959 #define INITFLAG_AlterDrop     0x0002  /* Reparse after a DROP COLUMN */
3960 #define INITFLAG_AlterAdd      0x0003  /* Reparse after an ADD COLUMN */
3961 
3962 /* Tuning parameters are set using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE and are controlled
3963 ** on debug-builds of the CLI using ".testctrl tune ID VALUE".  Tuning
3964 ** parameters are for temporary use during development, to help find
3965 ** optimial values for parameters in the query planner.  The should not
3966 ** be used on trunk check-ins.  They are a temporary mechanism available
3967 ** for transient development builds only.
3968 **
3969 ** Tuning parameters are numbered starting with 1.
3970 */
3971 #define SQLITE_NTUNE  6             /* Should be zero for all trunk check-ins */
3972 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3973 # define Tuning(X)  (sqlite3Config.aTune[(X)-1])
3974 #else
3975 # define Tuning(X)  0
3976 #endif
3977 
3978 /*
3979 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3980 **
3981 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3982 */
3983 struct Sqlite3Config {
3984   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3985   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3986   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3987   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3988   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3989   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3990   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3991   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3992   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3993   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3994   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3995   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3996   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3997   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3998   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3999   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
4000   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
4001   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
4002   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
4003   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
4004   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
4005   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
4006   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
4007   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
4008   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
4009   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
4010   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
4011   ** initially be zero, however. */
4012   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
4013   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
4014   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
4015   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
4016   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
4017   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
4018   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
4019   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
4020   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
4021 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
4022   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
4023   void *pSqllogArg;
4024 #endif
4025 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
4026   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
4027   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
4028   */
4029   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
4030   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
4031 #endif
4032 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
4033   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
4034 #endif
4035 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4036   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
4037 #endif
4038   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
4039   int (*xAltLocaltime)(const void*,void*); /* Alternative localtime() routine */
4040   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
4041   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
4042   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
4043   /* vvvv--- must be last ---vvv */
4044 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4045   sqlite3_int64 aTune[SQLITE_NTUNE]; /* Tuning parameters */
4046 #endif
4047 };
4048 
4049 /*
4050 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
4051 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
4052 **
4053 **     assert( X );
4054 **
4055 ** One writes:
4056 **
4057 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
4058 **
4059 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
4060 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
4061 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
4062 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
4063 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
4064 */
4065 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
4066 
4067 /*
4068 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
4069 */
4070 struct Walker {
4071   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
4072   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
4073   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
4074   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
4075   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
4076   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
4077   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
4078     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
4079     int n;                                    /* A counter */
4080     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
4081     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
4082     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
4083     struct RefSrcList *pRefSrcList;           /* sqlite3ReferencesSrcList() */
4084     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
4085     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
4086     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
4087     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
4088     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
4089     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
4090     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
4091     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
4092     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
4093     SrcItem *pSrcItem;                        /* A single FROM clause item */
4094     DbFixer *pFix;
4095   } u;
4096 };
4097 
4098 /*
4099 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
4100 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
4101 ** explicit.
4102 */
4103 struct DbFixer {
4104   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
4105   Walker w;           /* Walker object */
4106   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
4107   u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
4108   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
4109   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
4110   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
4111 };
4112 
4113 /* Forward declarations */
4114 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
4115 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
4116 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
4117 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
4118 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
4119 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
4120 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
4121 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
4122 int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker*,Select*);
4123 void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker*,Select*);
4124 void sqlite3WalkWinDefnDummyCallback(Walker*,Select*);
4125 
4126 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4127 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
4128 #endif
4129 
4130 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4131 void sqlite3SelectPopWith(Walker*, Select*);
4132 #else
4133 # define sqlite3SelectPopWith 0
4134 #endif
4135 
4136 /*
4137 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
4138 ** callbacks.
4139 */
4140 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
4141 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
4142 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
4143 
4144 /*
4145 ** A single common table expression
4146 */
4147 struct Cte {
4148   char *zName;            /* Name of this CTE */
4149   ExprList *pCols;        /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
4150   Select *pSelect;        /* The definition of this CTE */
4151   const char *zCteErr;    /* Error message for circular references */
4152   CteUse *pUse;           /* Usage information for this CTE */
4153   u8 eM10d;               /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4154 };
4155 
4156 /*
4157 ** Allowed values for the materialized flag (eM10d):
4158 */
4159 #define M10d_Yes       0  /* AS MATERIALIZED */
4160 #define M10d_Any       1  /* Not specified.  Query planner's choice */
4161 #define M10d_No        2  /* AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
4162 
4163 /*
4164 ** An instance of the With object represents a WITH clause containing
4165 ** one or more CTEs (common table expressions).
4166 */
4167 struct With {
4168   int nCte;               /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
4169   int bView;              /* Belongs to the outermost Select of a view */
4170   With *pOuter;           /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
4171   Cte a[1];               /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
4172 };
4173 
4174 /*
4175 ** The Cte object is not guaranteed to persist for the entire duration
4176 ** of code generation.  (The query flattener or other parser tree
4177 ** edits might delete it.)  The following object records information
4178 ** about each Common Table Expression that must be preserved for the
4179 ** duration of the parse.
4180 **
4181 ** The CteUse objects are freed using sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() rather
4182 ** than sqlite3SelectDelete(), which is what enables them to persist
4183 ** until the end of code generation.
4184 */
4185 struct CteUse {
4186   int nUse;              /* Number of users of this CTE */
4187   int addrM9e;           /* Start of subroutine to compute materialization */
4188   int regRtn;            /* Return address register for addrM9e subroutine */
4189   int iCur;              /* Ephemeral table holding the materialization */
4190   LogEst nRowEst;        /* Estimated number of rows in the table */
4191   u8 eM10d;              /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4192 };
4193 
4194 
4195 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4196 /*
4197 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
4198 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
4199 */
4200 struct TreeView {
4201   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
4202   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
4203 };
4204 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
4205 
4206 /*
4207 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
4208 ** functions.
4209 **
4210 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
4211 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
4212 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
4213 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
4214 **
4215 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
4216 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
4217 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
4218 **
4219 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
4220 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
4221 **
4222 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
4223 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
4224 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
4225 **
4226 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
4227 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
4228 */
4229 struct Window {
4230   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
4231   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
4232   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
4233   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
4234   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
4235   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4236   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4237   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
4238   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
4239   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
4240   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
4241   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
4242   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
4243   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
4244   FuncDef *pWFunc;        /* The function */
4245   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
4246   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
4247   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
4248   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
4249   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
4250   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
4251   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
4252   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
4253   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
4254   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
4255   int regStartRowid;
4256   int regEndRowid;
4257   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
4258                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
4259 };
4260 
4261 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4262 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
4263 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
4264 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4265 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
4266 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
4267 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
4268 int sqlite3WindowCompare(const Parse*, const Window*, const Window*, int);
4269 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
4270 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
4271 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
4272 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
4273 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
4274 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4275 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
4276 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
4277 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
4278 #else
4279 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
4280 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
4281 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
4282 #endif
4283 
4284 /*
4285 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
4286 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
4287 */
4288 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
4289   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
4290     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
4291   }                                                    \
4292 }
4293 
4294 /*
4295 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
4296 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
4297 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
4298 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
4299 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
4300 */
4301 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
4302 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
4303 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
4304 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
4305 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4306 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
4307 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
4308 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4309   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
4310   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
4311 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
4312 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
4313 #else
4314 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
4315 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
4316 #endif
4317 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
4318   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
4319 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
4320 #else
4321 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4322 #endif
4323 
4324 /*
4325 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
4326 */
4327 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4328 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
4329 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
4330 #endif
4331 
4332 /*
4333 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
4334 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
4335 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
4336 */
4337 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
4338 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
4339 #endif
4340 
4341 /*
4342 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
4343 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
4344 */
4345 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
4346     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
4347 # include <ctype.h>
4348 #endif
4349 
4350 /*
4351 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
4352 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
4353 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
4354 */
4355 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
4356 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
4357 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
4358 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
4359 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
4360 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
4361 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
4362 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
4363 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
4364 #else
4365 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
4366 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
4367 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
4368 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
4369 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4370 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4371 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
4372 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
4373 #endif
4374 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
4375 
4376 /*
4377 ** Internal function prototypes
4378 */
4379 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
4380 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
4381 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
4382 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
4383 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
4384 
4385 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
4386 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
4387 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
4388 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
4389 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
4390 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
4391 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
4392 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
4393 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
4394 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
4395 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
4396 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4397 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4398 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
4399 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
4400 void sqlite3DbNNFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
4401 int sqlite3MallocSize(const void*);
4402 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, const void*);
4403 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
4404 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
4405 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
4406 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4407 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
4408 #endif
4409 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
4410 
4411 /*
4412 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
4413 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
4414 ** obtain space from malloc().
4415 **
4416 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
4417 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
4418 */
4419 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
4420 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
4421 # define sqlite3StackAllocRawNN(D,N) alloca(N)
4422 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
4423 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
4424 # define sqlite3StackFreeNN(D,P)
4425 #else
4426 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
4427 # define sqlite3StackAllocRawNN(D,N) sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(D,N)
4428 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
4429 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
4430 # define sqlite3StackFreeNN(D,P)     sqlite3DbFreeNN(D,P)
4431 #endif
4432 
4433 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
4434 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
4435 */
4436 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
4437 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
4438 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4439 #endif
4440 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4441 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
4442 #endif
4443 
4444 
4445 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
4446   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
4447   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
4448   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
4449   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
4450   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
4451 #endif
4452 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
4453   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
4454 #else
4455 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
4456 #endif
4457 
4458 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
4459 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
4460 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
4461 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
4462 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
4463 
4464 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
4465 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
4466 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
4467 
4468 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
4469 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
4470 #else
4471 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
4472 #endif
4473 
4474 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
4475 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
4476 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
4477 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
4478   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
4479 #else
4480 # define IsNaN(X)         0
4481 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
4482 #endif
4483 
4484 /*
4485 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
4486 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
4487 */
4488 struct PrintfArguments {
4489   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
4490   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
4491   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
4492 };
4493 
4494 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
4495 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
4496 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
4497   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
4498 #endif
4499 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4500   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
4501 #endif
4502 
4503 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
4504   void sqlite3TreeViewLine(TreeView*, const char *zFormat, ...);
4505   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
4506   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
4507   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
4508   void sqlite3TreeViewBareIdList(TreeView*, const IdList*, const char*);
4509   void sqlite3TreeViewIdList(TreeView*, const IdList*, u8, const char*);
4510   void sqlite3TreeViewColumnList(TreeView*, const Column*, int, u8);
4511   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
4512   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
4513   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
4514   void sqlite3TreeViewUpsert(TreeView*, const Upsert*, u8);
4515 #if TREETRACE_ENABLED
4516   void sqlite3TreeViewDelete(const With*, const SrcList*, const Expr*,
4517                              const ExprList*,const Expr*, const Trigger*);
4518   void sqlite3TreeViewInsert(const With*, const SrcList*,
4519                              const IdList*, const Select*, const ExprList*,
4520                              int, const Upsert*, const Trigger*);
4521   void sqlite3TreeViewUpdate(const With*, const SrcList*, const ExprList*,
4522                              const Expr*, int, const ExprList*, const Expr*,
4523                              const Upsert*, const Trigger*);
4524 #endif
4525 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4526   void sqlite3TreeViewTriggerStep(TreeView*, const TriggerStep*, u8, u8);
4527   void sqlite3TreeViewTrigger(TreeView*, const Trigger*, u8, u8);
4528 #endif
4529 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4530   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4531   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4532 #endif
4533   void sqlite3ShowExpr(const Expr*);
4534   void sqlite3ShowExprList(const ExprList*);
4535   void sqlite3ShowIdList(const IdList*);
4536   void sqlite3ShowSrcList(const SrcList*);
4537   void sqlite3ShowSelect(const Select*);
4538   void sqlite3ShowWith(const With*);
4539   void sqlite3ShowUpsert(const Upsert*);
4540 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4541   void sqlite3ShowTriggerStep(const TriggerStep*);
4542   void sqlite3ShowTriggerStepList(const TriggerStep*);
4543   void sqlite3ShowTrigger(const Trigger*);
4544   void sqlite3ShowTriggerList(const Trigger*);
4545 #endif
4546 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4547   void sqlite3ShowWindow(const Window*);
4548   void sqlite3ShowWinFunc(const Window*);
4549 #endif
4550 #endif
4551 
4552 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
4553 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4554 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
4555 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
4556 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
4557 void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
4558 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
4559 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
4560 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*);
4561 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
4562 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
4563 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
4564 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
4565 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
4566 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
4567 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4568 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
4569 #endif
4570 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
4571 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4572 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
4573 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
4574 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
4575 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
4576 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
4577 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, const Token*, int);
4578 void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,const Expr*,const FuncDef*);
4579 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
4580 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
4581 void sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4582 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4583 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4584 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
4585 Select *sqlite3ExprListToValues(Parse*, int, ExprList*);
4586 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
4587 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,const Token*,int);
4588 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
4589 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
4590 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
4591 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
4592 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
4593 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
4594 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
4595 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
4596 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4597 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
4598 #endif
4599 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
4600 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
4601 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
4602 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
4603 void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(Parse*,Table*,Column*,Expr*);
4604 Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table*,Column*);
4605 void sqlite3ColumnSetColl(sqlite3*,Column*,const char*zColl);
4606 const char *sqlite3ColumnColl(Column*);
4607 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
4608 void sqlite3GenerateColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect);
4609 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
4610 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
4611 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
4612 void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
4613 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
4614 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
4615 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4616 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4617 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4618 #else
4619   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
4620   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
4621 #endif
4622 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
4623 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
4624   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4625 #else
4626 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4627 #endif
4628 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token,Token);
4629 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4630 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4631 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*, const char*, const char*);
4632 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4633 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4634 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4635 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u32,Select*);
4636 void sqlite3AddReturning(Parse*,ExprList*);
4637 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4638                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4639 #define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4640 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4641 
4642 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4643 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4644 #else
4645   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4646 #endif
4647 
4648 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4649 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4650 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4651 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4652 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4653 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4654 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4655 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4656 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4657 #endif
4658 
4659 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4660 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4661 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4662 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4663 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4664 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4665 
4666 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4667 
4668 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4669   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4670 #else
4671 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4672 #endif
4673 
4674 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4675   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4676 #endif
4677 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4678 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4679 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4680 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4681 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4682   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4683   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4684 #else
4685 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4686 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4687 #endif
4688 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4689 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4690   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4691 #endif
4692 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4693 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4694 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4695 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4696 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
4697 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4698 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4699                                       Token*, Select*, OnOrUsing*);
4700 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4701 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4702 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, SrcItem *);
4703 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(Parse*,SrcList*);
4704 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4705 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4706 void sqlite3ClearOnOrUsing(sqlite3*, OnOrUsing*);
4707 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4708 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4709 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4710                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4711 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4712 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4713 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4714                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4715 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4716 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4717 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4718 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4719 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4720 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4721 #endif
4722 void sqlite3CodeChangeCount(Vdbe*,int,const char*);
4723 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4724 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4725                    Upsert*);
4726 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4727                              ExprList*,Select*,u16,int);
4728 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4729 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4730 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4731 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4732 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4733 void sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(Vdbe*,WhereInfo*);
4734 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4735 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4736 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4737 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4738 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4739 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4740 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4741 int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
4742 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4743 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4744 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4745 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4746 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4747 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4748 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Table*, Column*, int);
4749 #endif
4750 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4751 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4752 int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4753 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4754 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4755 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4756 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4757 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4758 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4759 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4760 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4761 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4762 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4763 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4764 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4765 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4766 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4767 const char *sqlite3PreferredTableName(const char*);
4768 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,SrcItem *);
4769 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4770 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4771 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4772 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4773 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4774 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, const Token*);
4775 int sqlite3ExprCompare(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4776 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*,Expr*,int);
4777 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(const ExprList*,const ExprList*, int);
4778 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4779 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4780 void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker*,Parse*);
4781 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4782 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4783 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4784 int sqlite3ReferencesSrcList(Parse*, Expr*, SrcList*);
4785 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4786 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4787 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4788 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4789 #endif
4790 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4791 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4792 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4793 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4794 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4795 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4796 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4797 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4798 u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
4799 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4800 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4801 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4802 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4803 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4804 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4805 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4806 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstraint(Expr*,const SrcItem*);
4807 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4808 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4809 #endif
4810 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(const Expr*, int*);
4811 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4812 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4813 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4814 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4815     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4816 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4817 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4818 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4819 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4820 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4821                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4822 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4823   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4824 #else
4825 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4826 #endif
4827 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4828 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4829 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4830 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4831 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4832 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4833 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4834 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4835 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,const Expr*,int);
4836 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,const ExprList*,int);
4837 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,const SrcList*,int);
4838 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,const IdList*);
4839 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,const Select*,int);
4840 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4841 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4842 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4843 void sqlite3QuoteValue(StrAccum*,sqlite3_value*);
4844 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4845 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4846 void sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions(void);
4847 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4848 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON)
4849   int sqlite3JsonTableFunctions(sqlite3*);
4850 #endif
4851 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4852 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4853 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4854 With *sqlite3WithDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p);
4855 
4856 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4857 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4858 #endif
4859 
4860 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4861   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4862                            Expr*,int, int);
4863   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4864   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4865   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4866   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4867   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4868   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4869                             int, int, int);
4870   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4871   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4872   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4873   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4874                                         const char*,const char*);
4875   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4876                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4877                                         const char*,const char*);
4878   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,
4879                                         Expr*, u8, const char*,const char*);
4880   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4881                                         const char*,const char*);
4882   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4883   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4884   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4885   SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(Parse*, TriggerStep*);
4886 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4887 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4888 #else
4889 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4890 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4891 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4892 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4893 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4894 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4895 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4896 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4897 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4898 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4899 # define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
4900 #endif
4901 
4902 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4903 int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol);
4904 void sqlite3SrcItemColumnUsed(SrcItem*,int);
4905 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int,u32);
4906 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4907 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4908 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4909   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4910   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4911   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4912   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4913   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4914 #else
4915 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4916 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4917 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4918 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4919 #endif
4920 int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName);
4921 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4922 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4923 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4924 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4925 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4926 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4927 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4928 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4929 i64 sqlite3RealToI64(double);
4930 void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
4931 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4932 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4933 int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
4934 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4935 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4936 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4937 #endif
4938 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4939 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4940 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4941 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4942 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4943 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4944 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4945 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4946 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4947 
4948 /*
4949 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4950 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4951 ** file.
4952 */
4953 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4954 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4955 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4956 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4957 
4958 /*
4959 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4960 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4961 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4962 */
4963 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4964   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4965 #define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
4966   B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
4967 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4968   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4969   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4970 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4971 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4972 
4973 
4974 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4975 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4976 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4977 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4978 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(const Table*,int);
4979 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
4980 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4981 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4982 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4983 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4984 void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3*);
4985 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4986 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4987 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4988 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4989 
4990 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4991 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4992 #endif
4993 
4994 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
4995 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4996 #endif
4997 
4998 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4999 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
5000 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
5001 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
5002 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
5003 void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
5004 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
5005 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
5006 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*);
5007 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(const Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
5008 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(const Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
5009 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
5010 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
5011 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
5012 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
5013 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
5014 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, i64);
5015 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
5016 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
5017 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
5018 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
5019 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
5020 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
5021 #else
5022 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
5023 #endif
5024 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
5025 
5026 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
5027 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
5028 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
5029                         void(*)(void*));
5030 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
5031 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
5032 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5033 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
5034 #endif
5035 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
5036 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
5037 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
5038 #endif
5039 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, const Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
5040 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
5041 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
5042 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
5043 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
5044 extern const unsigned char sqlite3StdTypeLen[];
5045 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[];
5046 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeMap[];
5047 extern const char *sqlite3StdType[];
5048 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
5049 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aLTb;
5050 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aEQb;
5051 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aGTb;
5052 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
5053 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
5054 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
5055 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
5056 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
5057 #endif
5058 #endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
5059 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
5060 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
5061 #endif
5062 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, Pgno, Pgno);
5063 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
5064 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
5065 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
5066 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
5067 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
5068 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
5069 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
5070 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
5071 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
5072 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
5073 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, SrcItem*);
5074 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
5075 int sqlite3MatchEName(
5076   const struct ExprList_item*,
5077   const char*,
5078   const char*,
5079   const char*
5080 );
5081 Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
5082 u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
5083 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
5084 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
5085 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
5086 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
5087 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
5088 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
5089 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
5090 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
5091 void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, const Token*);
5092 const void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, const void*, const Token*);
5093 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, const void *pTo, const void *pFrom);
5094 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
5095 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
5096 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
5097 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
5098 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
5099 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
5100 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
5101 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
5102 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
5103 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
5104 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
5105 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
5106 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
5107 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
5108 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
5109 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
5110 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
5111 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
5112 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
5113 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
5114 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
5115 const char *sqlite3SelectOpName(int);
5116 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
5117 
5118 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
5119 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
5120 #endif
5121 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
5122   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
5123   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
5124   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
5125   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
5126   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
5127   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
5128 );
5129 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
5130 void *sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
5131 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
5132 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
5133 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
5134 
5135 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
5136 int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum*, int);
5137 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
5138 void sqlite3StrAccumSetError(StrAccum*, u8);
5139 void sqlite3ResultStrAccum(sqlite3_context*,StrAccum*);
5140 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
5141 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
5142 void sqlite3RecordErrorByteOffset(sqlite3*,const char*);
5143 void sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(sqlite3*,const Expr*);
5144 
5145 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
5146 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
5147 
5148 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
5149 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
5150 #else
5151 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
5152 #endif
5153 
5154 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
5155 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
5156     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
5157 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
5158 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
5159 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
5160 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
5161 #endif
5162 
5163 /*
5164 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
5165 */
5166 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
5167   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
5168   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
5169 #endif
5170 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
5171 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
5172 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
5173   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
5174 #endif
5175 
5176 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
5177 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
5178   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
5179 #else
5180 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
5181 #endif
5182 
5183 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
5184   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, Pgno, u8, const char *);
5185 #else
5186   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
5187 #endif
5188 
5189 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
5190   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
5191 #endif
5192 
5193 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5194 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(D,T)
5195 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
5196 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
5197 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
5198 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
5199 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
5200 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
5201 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
5202 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
5203 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
5204 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
5205 #else
5206    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
5207    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
5208    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
5209    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
5210    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
5211    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
5212    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
5213    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
5214    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
5215    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
5216    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
5217    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
5218    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
5219      sqlite3*,
5220      const char*,
5221      const sqlite3_module*,
5222      void*,
5223      void(*)(void*)
5224    );
5225 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
5226 #endif
5227 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
5228 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5229   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
5230   int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3*,Table*,const char*);
5231   void sqlite3MarkAllShadowTablesOf(sqlite3*, Table*);
5232 #else
5233 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
5234 # define sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(A,B,C) 0
5235 # define sqlite3MarkAllShadowTablesOf(A,B)
5236 #endif
5237 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
5238 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
5239 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
5240 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
5241 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
5242 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
5243 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
5244 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
5245 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
5246 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
5247 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
5248 
5249 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
5250 #if (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)) \
5251     && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
5252   void sqlite3VtabUsesAllSchemas(sqlite3_index_info*);
5253 #endif
5254 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
5255 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
5256 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
5257 void sqlite3ParseObjectInit(Parse*,sqlite3*);
5258 void sqlite3ParseObjectReset(Parse*);
5259 void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
5260 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
5261 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
5262 #endif
5263 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
5264 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
5265 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
5266 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
5267 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
5268 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
5269 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
5270   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
5271   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
5272 #endif
5273 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
5274   Cte *sqlite3CteNew(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,u8);
5275   void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3*,Cte*);
5276   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Cte*);
5277   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
5278   With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
5279 #else
5280 # define sqlite3CteNew(P,T,E,S)   ((void*)0)
5281 # define sqlite3CteDelete(D,C)
5282 # define sqlite3CteWithAdd(P,W,C) ((void*)0)
5283 # define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
5284 # define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z) ((void*)0)
5285 #endif
5286 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
5287   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
5288   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5289   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5290   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
5291   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
5292   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);
5293   int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert*);
5294 #else
5295 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(u,v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
5296 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
5297 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)         ((Upsert*)0)
5298 #define sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(x,y)     ((Upsert*)0)
5299 #define sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(x)     0
5300 #endif
5301 
5302 
5303 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
5304 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
5305 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
5306 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
5307 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
5308 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
5309 */
5310 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
5311   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
5312   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
5313   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
5314   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
5315   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
5316   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
5317   void sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(sqlite3*,int);
5318 #else
5319   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5320   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5321   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
5322   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
5323   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
5324   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
5325   #define sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(a,b)
5326 #endif
5327 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
5328   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
5329   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
5330 #else
5331   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
5332   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
5333 #endif
5334 
5335 
5336 /*
5337 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
5338 */
5339 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
5340 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
5341 
5342 /*
5343 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
5344 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5345 ** is not defined.
5346 */
5347 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5348   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
5349   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
5350 #else
5351   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
5352   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
5353 #endif
5354 
5355 /*
5356 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
5357 */
5358 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
5359 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
5360 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
5361 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
5362 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
5363 /*
5364 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
5365 */
5366 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
5367 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
5368 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
5369 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
5370 
5371 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
5372 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
5373 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
5374  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
5375   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
5376 #endif
5377 
5378 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
5379 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
5380 
5381 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
5382 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
5383   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(const Select *);
5384   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
5385 #else
5386   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
5387   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
5388 #endif
5389 
5390 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
5391 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
5392 
5393 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
5394   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
5395   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
5396   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
5397 #else
5398   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
5399   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
5400   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
5401 #endif
5402 
5403 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
5404   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
5405 #endif
5406 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
5407   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
5408 #endif
5409 
5410 /*
5411 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
5412 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
5413 ** print I/O tracing messages.
5414 */
5415 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
5416 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
5417   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
5418 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
5419 #else
5420 # define IOTRACE(A)
5421 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
5422 #endif
5423 
5424 /*
5425 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
5426 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
5427 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
5428 **
5429 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
5430 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
5431 ** a single bit set.
5432 **
5433 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
5434 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5435 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
5436 **
5437 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
5438 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5439 **
5440 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
5441 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
5442 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
5443 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
5444 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
5445 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
5446 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
5447 ** this constraint.
5448 **
5449 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
5450 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
5451 */
5452 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
5453   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
5454   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(const void*,u8);
5455   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(const void*,u8);
5456 #else
5457 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
5458 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
5459 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
5460 #endif
5461 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
5462 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
5463 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
5464 
5465 /*
5466 ** Threading interface
5467 */
5468 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
5469 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
5470 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
5471 #endif
5472 
5473 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5474 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
5475 #endif
5476 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5477 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
5478 #endif
5479 
5480 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(const Expr *pExpr);
5481 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(const Expr *pExpr);
5482 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
5483 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int,int);
5484 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
5485 
5486 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
5487 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
5488 #endif
5489 
5490 #if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL)
5491 int sqlite3KvvfsInit(void);
5492 #endif
5493 
5494 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
5495