xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision d5c35f6d)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /*
123 ** Some C99 functions in "math.h" are only present for MSVC when its version
124 ** is associated with Visual Studio 2013 or higher.
125 */
126 #ifndef SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS
127 # if MSVC_VERSION==0 || MSVC_VERSION>=1800
128 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (1)
129 # else
130 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (0)
131 # endif
132 #endif
133 
134 /* Needed for various definitions... */
135 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
136 # define _GNU_SOURCE
137 #endif
138 
139 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
140 # define _BSD_SOURCE
141 #endif
142 
143 /*
144 ** Macro to disable warnings about missing "break" at the end of a "case".
145 */
146 #if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
147 # define deliberate_fall_through __attribute__((fallthrough));
148 #else
149 # define deliberate_fall_through
150 #endif
151 
152 /*
153 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
154 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
155 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
156 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
157 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
158 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
159 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
160 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
161 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
162 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
163 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
164 ** disabled.
165 */
166 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
167 # include "mingw.h"
168 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
169 # include "_mingw.h"
170 #endif
171 
172 /*
173 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
174 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
175 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
176 */
177 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
178     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
179     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
180     defined(__MSVCRT__)
181 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
182 #endif
183 
184 /* Optionally #include a user-defined header, whereby compilation options
185 ** may be set prior to where they take effect, but after platform setup.
186 ** If SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE=? is defined, its value names the #include
187 ** file.
188 */
189 #ifdef SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE
190 # define INC_STRINGIFY_(f) #f
191 # define INC_STRINGIFY(f) INC_STRINGIFY_(f)
192 # include INC_STRINGIFY(SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE)
193 #endif
194 
195 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
196 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
197 ** MinGW.
198 */
199 #include "sqlite3.h"
200 
201 /*
202 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
203 ** autoconf-based build
204 */
205 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
206 #include "config.h"
207 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
208 #endif
209 
210 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
211 
212 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
213 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
214 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
215 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
216 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
217 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
218 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
219 #endif
220 
221 /*
222 ** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
223 ** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
224 */
225 #ifndef __has_extension
226 # define __has_extension(x) 0     /* compatibility with non-clang compilers */
227 #endif
228 #if GCC_VERSION>=4007000 || __has_extension(c_atomic)
229 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 1
230 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
231 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
232 #else
233 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 0
234 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
235 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
236 #endif
237 
238 /*
239 ** Include standard header files as necessary
240 */
241 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
242 #include <stdint.h>
243 #endif
244 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
245 #include <inttypes.h>
246 #endif
247 
248 /*
249 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
250 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
251 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
252 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
253 **
254 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
255 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
256 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
257 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
258 **
259 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
260 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
261 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
262 ** compiler.
263 */
264 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
265 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
266 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
267 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
268 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
269 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
270 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
271 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
272 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
273 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
274 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
275 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
276 #endif
277 
278 /*
279 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
280 ** inlined.
281 */
282 #if defined(__GNUC__)
283 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
284 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
285 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
286 #else
287 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
288 #endif
289 
290 /*
291 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
292 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
293 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
294 */
295 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
296 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
297 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
298 #      include <intrin.h>
299 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
300 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
301 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
302 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
303 #    else
304 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
305 #    endif
306 #  endif
307 #endif
308 
309 /*
310 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
311 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
312 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
313 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
314 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
315 ** database connection at the same time.
316 **
317 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
318 ** We support that for legacy.
319 **
320 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
321 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
322 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
323 ** also be updated there.
324 */
325 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
326 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
327 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
328 # else
329 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
330 # endif
331 #endif
332 
333 /*
334 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
335 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
336 */
337 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
338 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
339 #endif
340 
341 /*
342 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
343 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
344 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
345 */
346 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
347 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
348 #endif
349 
350 /*
351 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
352 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
353 **
354 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
355 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
356 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
357 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
358 **
359 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
360 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
361 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
362 ** assertion will be triggered.
363 **
364 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
365 ** the default.
366 */
367 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
368   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
369   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
370   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
371 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
372  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
373  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
374  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
375 #endif
376 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
377   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
378   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
379   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
380 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
381 #endif
382 
383 /*
384 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
385 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
386 */
387 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
388 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
389 #endif
390 
391 /*
392 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
393 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
394 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
395 ** it.
396 */
397 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
398 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
399 #endif
400 
401 /*
402 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
403 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
404 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
405 **
406 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
407 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
408 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
409 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
410 ** feature.
411 */
412 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
413 # define NDEBUG 1
414 #endif
415 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
416 # undef NDEBUG
417 #endif
418 
419 /*
420 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
421 */
422 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
423 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
424 #endif
425 
426 /*
427 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
428 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
429 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
430 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
431 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
432 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
433 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
434 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
435 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
436 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
437 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
438 */
439 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
440 # ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
441     extern unsigned int sqlite3CoverageCounter;
442 # endif
443 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3CoverageCounter += (unsigned)__LINE__; }
444 #else
445 # define testcase(X)
446 #endif
447 
448 /*
449 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
450 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
451 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
452 */
453 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
454 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
455 #else
456 # define TESTONLY(X)
457 #endif
458 
459 /*
460 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
461 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
462 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
463 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
464 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
465 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
466 */
467 #ifndef NDEBUG
468 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
469 #else
470 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
471 #endif
472 
473 /*
474 ** Disable ALWAYS() and NEVER() (make them pass-throughs) for coverage
475 ** and mutation testing
476 */
477 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
478 # define SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS  1
479 #endif
480 
481 /*
482 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
483 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
484 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
485 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
486 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
487 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
488 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
489 **
490 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
491 **
492 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
493 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
494 ** not be counted as untested code.
495 */
496 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS)
497 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
498 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
499 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
500 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
501 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
502 #else
503 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
504 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
505 #endif
506 
507 /*
508 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
509 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
510 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
511 **
512 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
513 */
514 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
515 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
516 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
517 #else
518 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
519 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
520 #endif
521 
522 /*
523 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
524 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
525 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
526 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
527 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
528 */
529 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
530 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
531 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
532 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
533 #else
534 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
535 #endif
536 
537 /*
538 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
539 */
540 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
541     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
542   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
543 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
544 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
545 #else
546 # define OSTRACE(X)
547 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
548 #endif
549 
550 /*
551 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
552 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
553 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
554 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
555 */
556 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
557     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
558 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
559 #else
560 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
561 #endif
562 
563 /*
564 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
565 */
566 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
567 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
568 #endif
569 
570 /*
571 ** SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE implies SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
572 */
573 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
574 # define SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
575 #endif
576 
577 /*
578 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
579 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
580 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
581 */
582 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
583 
584 /*
585 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
586 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
587 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
588 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
589 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
590 */
591 #define likely(X)    (X)
592 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
593 
594 #include "hash.h"
595 #include "parse.h"
596 #include <stdio.h>
597 #include <stdlib.h>
598 #include <string.h>
599 #include <assert.h>
600 #include <stddef.h>
601 
602 /*
603 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
604 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
605 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
606 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
607 ** hack only.
608 */
609 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
610 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
611                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
612 #endif
613 
614 /*
615 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
616 ** substitute integer for floating-point
617 */
618 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
619 # define double sqlite_int64
620 # define float sqlite_int64
621 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
622 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
623 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
624 # endif
625 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
626 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
627 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
628 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
629 #endif
630 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
631 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
632 #endif
633 
634 /*
635 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
636 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
637 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
638 */
639 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
640 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
641 #else
642 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
643 #endif
644 
645 /*
646 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
647 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
648 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
649 ** that the library can read.
650 */
651 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
652 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
653 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
654 #endif
655 
656 /*
657 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
658 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
659 */
660 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
661 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
662 #endif
663 
664 /*
665 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
666 ** on the command-line
667 */
668 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
669 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
670 #endif
671 
672 /*
673 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
674 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
675 ** to zero.
676 */
677 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
678 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
679 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
680 #endif
681 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
682 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
683 #endif
684 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
685 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
686 #endif
687 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
688 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
689 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
690 #endif
691 
692 /*
693 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
694 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
695 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
696 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
697 **
698 ** The default value of "20" was chosen to minimize the run-time of the
699 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
700 */
701 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
702 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
703 #endif
704 
705 /*
706 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
707 */
708 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
709 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
710 #endif
711 
712 /*
713 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
714 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
715 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
716 */
717 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
718 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
719 #endif
720 
721 /*
722 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
723 ** ourselves.
724 */
725 #ifndef offsetof
726 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
727 #endif
728 
729 /*
730 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
731 */
732 #ifndef MIN
733 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
734 #endif
735 #ifndef MAX
736 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
737 #endif
738 
739 /*
740 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
741 */
742 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
743 
744 /*
745 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
746 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
747 */
748 #if 'A' == '\301'
749 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
750 #else
751 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
752 #endif
753 
754 /*
755 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
756 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
757 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
758 **
759 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
760 */
761 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
762 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
763 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
764 # else
765 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
766 # endif
767 #endif
768 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
769 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
770 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
771 # else
772 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
773 # endif
774 #endif
775 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
776 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
777 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
778 # else
779 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
780 # endif
781 #endif
782 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
783 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
784 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
785 # else
786 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
787 # endif
788 #endif
789 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
790 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
791 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
792 # else
793 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
794 # endif
795 #endif
796 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
797 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
798 #endif
799 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
800 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
801 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
802 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
803 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
804 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
805 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
806 
807 /*
808 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
809 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
810 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
811 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
812 */
813 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
814 
815 /*
816 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
817 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
818 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
819 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
820 */
821 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
822  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
823 #else
824  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
825 #endif
826 
827 /*
828 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
829 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
830 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
831 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
832 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
833 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
834 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
835 **
836 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
837 **
838 ** Examples:
839 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
840 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
841 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
842 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
843 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
844 **
845 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
846 ** Examples:
847 **
848 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
849 */
850 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
851 
852 /*
853 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
854 */
855 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
856 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
857 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
858 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
859        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
860       (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__POWERPC__)) ||                     \
861       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
862 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
863 # else
864 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
865 # endif
866 #endif
867 
868 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
869 */
870 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
871   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
872 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
873   typedef u32 uptr;
874 #else
875   typedef u64 uptr;
876 #endif
877 
878 /*
879 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
880 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
881 **
882 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
883 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
884 ** contained within the buffer S.
885 */
886 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
887 
888 
889 /*
890 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
891 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
892 **
893 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
894 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
895 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
896 ** at run-time.
897 */
898 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
899 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
900      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
901      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
902      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
903 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
904 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
905        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
906 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
907 # else
908 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
909 # endif
910 #endif
911 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
912 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
913 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
914 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
915 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
916 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
917 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
918 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
919 #else
920 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
921   const int sqlite3one = 1;
922 # else
923   extern const int sqlite3one;
924 # endif
925 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
926 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
927 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
928 #endif
929 
930 /*
931 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
932 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
933 ** compilers.
934 */
935 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
936 #define LARGEST_UINT64 (0xffffffff|(((u64)0xffffffff)<<32))
937 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
938 
939 /*
940 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
941 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
942 */
943 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
944 
945 /*
946 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
947 */
948 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
949 
950 /*
951 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
952 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
953 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
954 **
955 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
956 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
957 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
958 */
959 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
960 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
961 #else
962 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
963 #endif
964 
965 /*
966 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
967 */
968 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
969 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
970 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
971 #endif
972 
973 /*
974 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
975 */
976 #ifdef __APPLE__
977 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
978 #endif
979 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
980 # if defined(__linux__) \
981   || defined(_WIN32) \
982   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
983   || defined(__sun) \
984   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
985   || defined(__DragonFly__)
986 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
987 # else
988 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
989 # endif
990 #endif
991 
992 /*
993 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
994 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
995 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
996 */
997 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
998 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
999 #endif
1000 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1001 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1002 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1003 #endif
1004 
1005 /*
1006 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
1007 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
1008 */
1009 #if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
1010 extern u32 sqlite3SelectTrace;
1011 #endif
1012 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1013     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE))
1014 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
1015 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
1016   if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
1017     sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
1018     sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1019 #else
1020 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
1021 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
1022 #endif
1023 
1024 /*
1025 ** Macros for "wheretrace"
1026 */
1027 extern u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
1028 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1029     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
1030 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1031 # define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
1032 #else
1033 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)
1034 #endif
1035 
1036 
1037 /*
1038 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
1039 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
1040 **
1041 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
1042 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
1043 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
1044 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
1045 */
1046 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
1047 struct BusyHandler {
1048   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
1049   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
1050   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
1051 };
1052 
1053 /*
1054 ** Name of table that holds the database schema.
1055 **
1056 ** The PREFERRED names are used whereever possible.  But LEGACY is also
1057 ** used for backwards compatibility.
1058 **
1059 **  1.  Queries can use either the PREFERRED or the LEGACY names
1060 **  2.  The sqlite3_set_authorizer() callback uses the LEGACY name
1061 **  3.  The PRAGMA table_list statement uses the PREFERRED name
1062 **
1063 ** The LEGACY names are stored in the internal symbol hash table
1064 ** in support of (2).  Names are translated using sqlite3PreferredTableName()
1065 ** for (3).  The sqlite3FindTable() function takes care of translating
1066 ** names for (1).
1067 **
1068 ** Note that "sqlite_temp_schema" can also be called "temp.sqlite_schema".
1069 */
1070 #define LEGACY_SCHEMA_TABLE          "sqlite_master"
1071 #define LEGACY_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE     "sqlite_temp_master"
1072 #define PREFERRED_SCHEMA_TABLE       "sqlite_schema"
1073 #define PREFERRED_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE  "sqlite_temp_schema"
1074 
1075 
1076 /*
1077 ** The root-page of the schema table.
1078 */
1079 #define SCHEMA_ROOT    1
1080 
1081 /*
1082 ** The name of the schema table.  The name is different for TEMP.
1083 */
1084 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) \
1085     ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?LEGACY_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE:LEGACY_SCHEMA_TABLE)
1086 
1087 /*
1088 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1089 ** an array.
1090 */
1091 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1092 
1093 /*
1094 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1095 */
1096 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1097 
1098 /*
1099 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1100 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1101 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1102 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1103 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1104 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1105 */
1106 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3OomClear)
1107 
1108 /*
1109 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1110 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1111 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1112 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1113 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1114 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1115 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1116 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1117 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1118 **
1119 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1120 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1121 */
1122 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1123   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1124   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1125   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1126   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1127   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1128 #else
1129   #define SQLITE_WSD
1130   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1131   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1132 #endif
1133 
1134 /*
1135 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1136 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1137 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1138 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1139 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1140 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1141 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1142 **
1143 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1144 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1145 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1146 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1147 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1148 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1149 */
1150 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1151 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1152 
1153 /*
1154 ** Forward references to structures
1155 */
1156 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1157 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1158 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1159 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1160 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1161 typedef struct Column Column;
1162 typedef struct Cte Cte;
1163 typedef struct CteUse CteUse;
1164 typedef struct Db Db;
1165 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
1166 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1167 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1168 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1169 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1170 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1171 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1172 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1173 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1174 typedef struct Index Index;
1175 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1176 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1177 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1178 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1179 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1180 typedef struct Module Module;
1181 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1182 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1183 typedef struct ParseCleanup ParseCleanup;
1184 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1185 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1186 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1187 typedef struct Returning Returning;
1188 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1189 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1190 typedef struct Select Select;
1191 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1192 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1193 typedef struct SrcItem SrcItem;
1194 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1195 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1196 typedef struct Table Table;
1197 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1198 typedef struct Token Token;
1199 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1200 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1201 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1202 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1203 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1204 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1205 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1206 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1207 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1208 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1209 typedef struct Window Window;
1210 typedef struct With With;
1211 
1212 
1213 /*
1214 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1215 **
1216 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1217 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1218 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1219 */
1220 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1221   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1222 #else
1223   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1224 #endif
1225 
1226 /*
1227 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1228 */
1229 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1230 
1231 /*
1232 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1233 */
1234 #define MASKBIT(n)    (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1235 #define MASKBIT64(n)  (((u64)1)<<(n))
1236 #define MASKBIT32(n)  (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1237 #define SMASKBIT32(n) ((n)<=31?((unsigned int)1)<<(n):0)
1238 #define ALLBITS       ((Bitmask)-1)
1239 
1240 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1241 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1242 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1243 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1244 ** just an array of integers.
1245 */
1246 typedef int VList;
1247 
1248 /*
1249 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1250 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1251 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1252 */
1253 #include "pager.h"
1254 #include "btree.h"
1255 #include "vdbe.h"
1256 #include "pcache.h"
1257 #include "os.h"
1258 #include "mutex.h"
1259 
1260 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1261 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1262 */
1263 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1264 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1265 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1266 #endif
1267 
1268 /*
1269 ** Default synchronous levels.
1270 **
1271 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1272 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1273 **
1274 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1275 **   OFF           1                         0
1276 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1277 **   FULL          3                         2
1278 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1279 **
1280 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1281 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1282 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1283 */
1284 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1285 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1286 #endif
1287 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1288 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1289 #endif
1290 
1291 /*
1292 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1293 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1294 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1295 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1296 ** databases may be attached.
1297 */
1298 struct Db {
1299   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1300   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1301   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1302   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1303   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1304 };
1305 
1306 /*
1307 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1308 **
1309 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1310 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1311 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1312 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1313 **
1314 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1315 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1316 ** sqlite3_close().
1317 *
1318 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1319 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1320 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1321 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1322 */
1323 struct Schema {
1324   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1325   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1326   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1327   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1328   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1329   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1330   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1331   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1332   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1333   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1334   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1335 };
1336 
1337 /*
1338 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1339 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1340 */
1341 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1342 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1343 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1344 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1345 
1346 /*
1347 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1348 **
1349 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1350 ** read into internal hash tables.
1351 **
1352 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1353 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1354 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1355 */
1356 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1357 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1358 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1359 
1360 /*
1361 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1362 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1363 */
1364 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1365 
1366 /*
1367 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1368 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1369 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1370 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1371 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1372 ** SQL statements.
1373 **
1374 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1375 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1376 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1377 ** objects.
1378 **
1379 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1380 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1381 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1382 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1383 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1384 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1385 **
1386 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1387 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1388 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1389 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1390 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1391 **
1392 ** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
1393 ** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
1394 ** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
1395 ** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
1396 ** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
1397 ** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
1398 **
1399 ** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
1400 ** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
1401 ** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
1402 ** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
1403 ** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
1404 ** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
1405 ** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
1406 ** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
1407 ** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
1408 ** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
1409 ** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
1410 */
1411 struct Lookaside {
1412   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1413   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1414   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1415   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1416   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1417   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1418   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1419   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1420 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1421   LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
1422   LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
1423   void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
1424                           ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
1425 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
1426   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1427   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1428 };
1429 struct LookasideSlot {
1430   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1431 };
1432 
1433 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1434 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1435    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1436 
1437 /* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
1438 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1439 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
1440 #else
1441 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
1442 #endif
1443 
1444 /*
1445 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1446 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1447 **
1448 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1449 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1450 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1451 */
1452 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1453 struct FuncDefHash {
1454   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1455 };
1456 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1457 
1458 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1459 /*
1460 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1461 ** to manage user authentication.
1462 */
1463 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1464 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1465   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1466   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1467   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1468   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1469 };
1470 
1471 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1472 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1473 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1474 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1475 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1476 
1477 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1478 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1479 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1480 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1481 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1482 
1483 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1484 
1485 /*
1486 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1487 */
1488 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1489   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1490                                const char*, const char*);
1491 #else
1492   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1493                                const char*);
1494 #endif
1495 
1496 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1497 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1498 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1499 */
1500 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1501 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1502 #else
1503 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1504 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1505 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1506 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1507 
1508 /*
1509 ** Maximum number of sqlite3.aDb[] entries.  This is the number of attached
1510 ** databases plus 2 for "main" and "temp".
1511 */
1512 #define SQLITE_MAX_DB (SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2)
1513 
1514 /*
1515 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1516 */
1517 struct sqlite3 {
1518   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1519   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1520   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
1521   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1522   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1523   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1524   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1525   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1526   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1527   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1528   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1529   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1530   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1531   int errByteOffset;            /* Byte offset of error in SQL statement */
1532   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1533   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1534   u32 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1535   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1536   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1537   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1538   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1539   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1540   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1541   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1542   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1543   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1544   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1545   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1546   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1547   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1548   u8 eOpenState;                /* Current condition of the connection */
1549   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1550   i64 nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1551   i64 nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1552   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1553   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1554   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1555     Pgno newTnum;               /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1556     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1557     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1558     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1559     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1560     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1561     const char **azInit;        /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1562   } init;
1563   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1564   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1565   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1566   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1567   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1568   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1569   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1570   union {
1571     void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);   /* mTrace==SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY */
1572     int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);    /* All other mTrace values */
1573   } trace;
1574   void *pTraceArg;                        /* Argument to the trace function */
1575 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1576   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1577   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1578 #endif
1579   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1580   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1581   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1582   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1583   void *pUpdateArg;
1584   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1585   void *pAutovacPagesArg;           /* Client argument to autovac_pages */
1586   void (*xAutovacDestr)(void*);     /* Destructor for pAutovacPAgesArg */
1587   unsigned int (*xAutovacPages)(void*,const char*,u32,u32,u32);
1588   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1589 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1590   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1591   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1592     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1593   );
1594   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1595 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1596 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1597   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1598   void *pWalArg;
1599 #endif
1600   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1601   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1602   void *pCollNeededArg;
1603   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1604   union {
1605     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1606     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1607   } u1;
1608   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1609 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1610   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1611   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1612 #endif
1613 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1614   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1615   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1616   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1617 #endif
1618 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1619   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1620   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1621   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1622   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1623   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1624 #endif
1625   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1626   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1627   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1628   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1629   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1630   int nAnalysisLimit;           /* Number of index rows to ANALYZE */
1631   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1632   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1633   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1634   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1635   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1636   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1637 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1638   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
1639   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1640   **
1641   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1642   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1643   **
1644   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1645   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1646   ** held by Y.
1647   */
1648   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1649   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1650   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1651   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1652   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1653 #endif
1654 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1655   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1656 #endif
1657 };
1658 
1659 /*
1660 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1661 */
1662 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1663 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1664 
1665 /*
1666 ** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
1667 ** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
1668 ** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
1669 */
1670 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1671 
1672 /*
1673 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1674 **
1675 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1676 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1677 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1678 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1679 */
1680 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_SCHEMA */
1681 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1682 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1683 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1684 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1685 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1686 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1687 #define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
1688                                           ** vtabs in the schema definition */
1689 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1690                                           /*   result set is empty */
1691 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1692 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1693 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1694 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1695 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1696 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1697 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1698 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1699 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1700 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1701 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1702 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1703 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1704 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1705 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1706 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1707 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1708 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1709 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1710 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1711 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1712 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1713 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1714 #define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1715                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1716                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1717 #define SQLITE_CorruptRdOnly  HI(0x00002) /* Prohibit writes due to error */
1718 
1719 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1720 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1721 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1722 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1723 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1724 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1725 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1726 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1727 #endif
1728 
1729 /*
1730 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1731 */
1732 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1733 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1734 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1735 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1736 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1737 #define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
1738 #define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
1739 
1740 /*
1741 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1742 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1743 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1744 */
1745 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x00000001 /* Query flattening */
1746 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x00000002 /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1747 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x00000004 /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1748 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x00000008 /* Constant factoring */
1749 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x00000010 /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1750 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x00000020 /* Covering index scans */
1751 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x00000040 /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1752 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x00000080 /* Transitive constraints */
1753 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x00000100 /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1754 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x00000200 /* The count-of-view optimization */
1755 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x00000400 /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1756 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x00000800 /* Use STAT4 data */
1757    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x0000800. Don't change it */
1758 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x00001000 /* The push-down optimization */
1759 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x00002000 /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1760 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x00004000 /* Skip-scans */
1761 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x00008000 /* The constant propagation opt */
1762 #define SQLITE_MinMaxOpt      0x00010000 /* The min/max optimization */
1763 #define SQLITE_SeekScan       0x00020000 /* The OP_SeekScan optimization */
1764 #define SQLITE_OmitOrderBy    0x00040000 /* Omit pointless ORDER BY */
1765    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x40000. Coordinate any change */
1766 #define SQLITE_BloomFilter    0x00080000 /* Use a Bloom filter on searches */
1767 #define SQLITE_BloomPulldown  0x00100000 /* Run Bloom filters early */
1768 #define SQLITE_BalancedMerge  0x00200000 /* Balance multi-way merges */
1769 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */
1770 
1771 /*
1772 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1773 */
1774 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1775 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1776 
1777 /*
1778 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1779 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1780 */
1781 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1782 
1783 /* Possible values for the sqlite3.eOpenState field.
1784 ** The numbers are randomly selected such that a minimum of three bits must
1785 ** change to convert any number to another or to zero
1786 */
1787 #define SQLITE_STATE_OPEN     0x76  /* Database is open */
1788 #define SQLITE_STATE_CLOSED   0xce  /* Database is closed */
1789 #define SQLITE_STATE_SICK     0xba  /* Error and awaiting close */
1790 #define SQLITE_STATE_BUSY     0x6d  /* Database currently in use */
1791 #define SQLITE_STATE_ERROR    0xd5  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1792 #define SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE   0xa7  /* Close with last statement close */
1793 
1794 /*
1795 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1796 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1797 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1798 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1799 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1800 **
1801 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1802 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1803 */
1804 struct FuncDef {
1805   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1806   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1807   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1808   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1809   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1810   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1811   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1812   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1813   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1814   union {
1815     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1816     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1817   } u; /* pHash if SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN, pDestructor otherwise */
1818 };
1819 
1820 /*
1821 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1822 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1823 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1824 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1825 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1826 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1827 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1828 ** FuncDestructor.
1829 **
1830 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1831 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1832 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1833 */
1834 struct FuncDestructor {
1835   int nRef;
1836   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1837   void *pUserData;
1838 };
1839 
1840 /*
1841 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1842 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1843 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1844 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1845 **
1846 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1847 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX      ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1848 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER    ==  NC_OrderAgg       == SF_OrderByReqd
1849 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH      ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1850 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF      ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1851 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT    ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1852 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT      ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1853 **     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE      ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
1854 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1855 */
1856 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1857 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1858 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1859 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1860 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1861 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1862 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1863 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1864 /*                           0x0200 -- available for reuse */
1865 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1866 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1867 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1868 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1869                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1870 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
1871 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1872 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1873 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1874 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1875 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1876 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
1877 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
1878 #define SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN  0x00800000 /* This is a built-in function */
1879 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER 0x08000000 /* count/min/max aggregate */
1880 
1881 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
1882 #define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
1883 #define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
1884 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
1885 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
1886 #define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
1887 #define INLINEFUNC_iif                  5
1888 #define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
1889 
1890 /*
1891 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1892 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1893 **
1894 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1895 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1896 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1897 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1898 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1899 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1900 **
1901 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1902 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1903 **
1904 **   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1905 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1906 **     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
1907 **
1908 **   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1909 **     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
1910 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1911 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1912 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1913 **
1914 **   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1915 **     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
1916 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1917 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1918 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1919 **
1920 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1921 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1922 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1923 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1924 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1925 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1926 **
1927 **   MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc)
1928 **     For math-library functions.  xPtr is an arbitrary pointer.
1929 **
1930 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1931 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1932 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1933 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1934 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1935 **
1936 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1937 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1938 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1939 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1940 **     FUNCTION().
1941 **
1942 **   WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1943 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1944 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1945 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1946 **     FUNCTION().
1947 **
1948 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1949 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1950 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1951 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1952 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1953 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1954 **     parameter.
1955 */
1956 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1957   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1958    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1959    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1960 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1961   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1962    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1963 #define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1964   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
1965    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1966 #define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
1967   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1968    xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1969 #define JFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xFunc) \
1970   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS|\
1971    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1972    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1973 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1974   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1975    SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1976    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1977 #define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1978   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1979          SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
1980          SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1981    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1982 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1983   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1984    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1985 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1986   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1987          SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1988    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1989 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1990   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1991    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1992    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1993 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1994   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1995    SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1996    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1997 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1998   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1999    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2000 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
2001   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
2002    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
2003 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
2004   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
2005    SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
2006    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
2007 
2008 
2009 /*
2010 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
2011 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
2012 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
2013 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
2014 */
2015 struct Savepoint {
2016   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
2017   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
2018   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
2019   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
2020 };
2021 
2022 /*
2023 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
2024 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
2025 */
2026 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
2027 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
2028 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
2029 
2030 
2031 /*
2032 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
2033 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
2034 ** hash table.
2035 */
2036 struct Module {
2037   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
2038   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
2039   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
2040   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
2041   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
2042   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
2043 };
2044 
2045 /*
2046 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
2047 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
2048 **
2049 ** Definitions:
2050 **
2051 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
2052 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
2053 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
2054 **
2055 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
2056 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
2057 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
2058 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
2059 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
2060 **                            columns to the left.
2061 **
2062 ** Notes on zCnName:
2063 ** The zCnName field stores the name of the column, the datatype of the
2064 ** column, and the collating sequence for the column, in that order, all in
2065 ** a single allocation.  Each string is 0x00 terminated.  The datatype
2066 ** is only included if the COLFLAG_HASTYPE bit of colFlags is set and the
2067 ** collating sequence name is only included if the COLFLAG_HASCOLL bit is
2068 ** set.
2069 */
2070 struct Column {
2071   char *zCnName;        /* Name of this column */
2072   unsigned notNull :4;  /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
2073   unsigned eCType :4;   /* One of the standard types */
2074   char affinity;        /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
2075   u8 szEst;             /* Est size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
2076   u8 hName;             /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
2077   u16 iDflt;            /* 1-based index of DEFAULT.  0 means "none" */
2078   u16 colFlags;         /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
2079 };
2080 
2081 /* Allowed values for Column.eCType.
2082 **
2083 ** Values must match entries in the global constant arrays
2084 ** sqlite3StdTypeLen[] and sqlite3StdType[].  Each value is one more
2085 ** than the offset into these arrays for the corresponding name.
2086 ** Adjust the SQLITE_N_STDTYPE value if adding or removing entries.
2087 */
2088 #define COLTYPE_CUSTOM      0   /* Type appended to zName */
2089 #define COLTYPE_ANY         1
2090 #define COLTYPE_BLOB        2
2091 #define COLTYPE_INT         3
2092 #define COLTYPE_INTEGER     4
2093 #define COLTYPE_REAL        5
2094 #define COLTYPE_TEXT        6
2095 #define SQLITE_N_STDTYPE    6  /* Number of standard types */
2096 
2097 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags.
2098 **
2099 ** Constraints:
2100 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2101 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2102 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2103 */
2104 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
2105 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
2106 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
2107 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
2108 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
2109 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
2110 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
2111 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
2112 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
2113 #define COLFLAG_HASCOLL   0x0200   /* Has collating sequence name in zCnName */
2114 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2115 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2116 
2117 /*
2118 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
2119 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
2120 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
2121 **
2122 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
2123 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
2124 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
2125 */
2126 struct CollSeq {
2127   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
2128   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
2129   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
2130   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
2131   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
2132 };
2133 
2134 /*
2135 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
2136 */
2137 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
2138 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
2139 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
2140 
2141 /*
2142 ** Column affinity types.
2143 **
2144 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
2145 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
2146 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
2147 **
2148 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
2149 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
2150 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
2151 **
2152 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
2153 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
2154 */
2155 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
2156 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
2157 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
2158 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
2159 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
2160 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
2161 
2162 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
2163 
2164 /*
2165 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
2166 ** affinity value.
2167 */
2168 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
2169 
2170 /*
2171 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
2172 ** changing the affinity.
2173 **
2174 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
2175 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
2176 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
2177 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
2178 */
2179 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
2180 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
2181 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
2182 
2183 /*
2184 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
2185 ** the database schema.
2186 **
2187 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
2188 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
2189 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
2190 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
2191 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
2192 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
2193 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
2194 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
2195 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
2196 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
2197 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
2198 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
2199 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
2200 **
2201 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
2202 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
2203 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
2204 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
2205 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
2206 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
2207 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
2208 **
2209 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
2210 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
2211 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
2212 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
2213 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
2214 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
2215 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
2216 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
2217 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
2218 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
2219 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
2220 **
2221 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
2222 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
2223 ** the first argument.
2224 */
2225 struct VTable {
2226   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
2227   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
2228   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
2229   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
2230   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
2231   u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
2232   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
2233   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
2234 };
2235 
2236 /* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
2237 */
2238 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
2239 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
2240 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
2241 
2242 /*
2243 ** The schema for each SQL table, virtual table, and view is represented
2244 ** in memory by an instance of the following structure.
2245 */
2246 struct Table {
2247   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2248   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2249   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2250   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2251   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2252                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2253   Pgno tnum;           /* Root BTree page for this table */
2254   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2255   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2256   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2257   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2258   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2259   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2260   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2261 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2262   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2263 #endif
2264   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2265   u8 eTabType;         /* 0: normal, 1: virtual, 2: view */
2266   union {
2267     struct {             /* Used by ordinary tables: */
2268       int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2269       FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2270       ExprList *pDfltList; /* DEFAULT clauses on various columns.
2271                            ** Or the AS clause for generated columns. */
2272     } tab;
2273     struct {             /* Used by views: */
2274       Select *pSelect;     /* View definition */
2275     } view;
2276     struct {             /* Used by virtual tables only: */
2277       int nArg;            /* Number of arguments to the module */
2278       char **azArg;        /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2279       VTable *p;           /* List of VTable objects. */
2280     } vtab;
2281   } u;
2282   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers on this object */
2283   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2284 };
2285 
2286 /*
2287 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2288 **
2289 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2290 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2291 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2292 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2293 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2294 **
2295 ** Constraints:
2296 **
2297 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2298 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2299 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2300 */
2301 #define TF_Readonly       0x00000001 /* Read-only system table */
2302 #define TF_HasHidden      0x00000002 /* Has one or more hidden columns */
2303 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey  0x00000004 /* Table has a primary key */
2304 #define TF_Autoincrement  0x00000008 /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2305 #define TF_HasStat1       0x00000010 /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2306 #define TF_HasVirtual     0x00000020 /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2307 #define TF_HasStored      0x00000040 /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2308 #define TF_HasGenerated   0x00000060 /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2309 #define TF_WithoutRowid   0x00000080 /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2310 #define TF_StatsUsed      0x00000100 /* Query planner decisions affected by
2311                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2312 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid 0x00000200 /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2313 #define TF_OOOHidden      0x00000400 /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2314 #define TF_HasNotNull     0x00000800 /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2315 #define TF_Shadow         0x00001000 /* True for a shadow table */
2316 #define TF_HasStat4       0x00002000 /* STAT4 info available for this table */
2317 #define TF_Ephemeral      0x00004000 /* An ephemeral table */
2318 #define TF_Eponymous      0x00008000 /* An eponymous virtual table */
2319 #define TF_Strict         0x00010000 /* STRICT mode */
2320 
2321 /*
2322 ** Allowed values for Table.eTabType
2323 */
2324 #define TABTYP_NORM      0     /* Ordinary table */
2325 #define TABTYP_VTAB      1     /* Virtual table */
2326 #define TABTYP_VIEW      2     /* A view */
2327 
2328 #define IsView(X)           ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VIEW)
2329 #define IsOrdinaryTable(X)  ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_NORM)
2330 
2331 /*
2332 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2333 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2334 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2335 */
2336 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2337 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2338 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
2339     ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab!=0 && (X)->y.pTab->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2340 #else
2341 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2342 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
2343 #endif
2344 
2345 /*
2346 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2347 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2348 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2349 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2350 */
2351 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2352 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2353 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2354 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2355 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2356 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2357 #else
2358 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2359 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2360 #endif
2361 
2362 
2363 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2364 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2365 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2366 
2367 /*
2368 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2369 **
2370 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2371 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2372 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2373 ** Consider this example:
2374 **
2375 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2376 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2377 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2378 **     );
2379 **
2380 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2381 ** Equivalent names:
2382 **
2383 **     from-table == child-table
2384 **       to-table == parent-table
2385 **
2386 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2387 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2388 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2389 **
2390 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2391 **
2392 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2393 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2394 */
2395 struct FKey {
2396   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2397   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2398   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2399   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2400   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2401   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2402   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2403   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2404   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2405   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2406   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2407     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2408     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2409   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2410 };
2411 
2412 /*
2413 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2414 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2415 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2416 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2417 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2418 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2419 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2420 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2421 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2422 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2423 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2424 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2425 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2426 ** UPDATE applies to insert operations only and means that the insert
2427 ** is omitted and the DO UPDATE clause of an upsert is run instead.
2428 **
2429 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, SETDFLT, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2430 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2431 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2432 ** key is set to NULL.  SETDFLT means that the foreign key is set
2433 ** to its default value.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2434 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2435 ** foreign key.
2436 **
2437 ** The OE_Default value is a place holder that means to use whatever
2438 ** conflict resolution algorthm is required from context.
2439 **
2440 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2441 ** of conflict resolution action to take.
2442 */
2443 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2444 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2445 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2446 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2447 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2448 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2449 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2450 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2451 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2452 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2453 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2454 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2455 
2456 
2457 /*
2458 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2459 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2460 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2461 **
2462 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2463 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2464 ** for the rowid at the end.
2465 */
2466 struct KeyInfo {
2467   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2468   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2469   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2470   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2471   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2472   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2473   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2474 };
2475 
2476 /*
2477 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2478 */
2479 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2480 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2481 
2482 /*
2483 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2484 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2485 **
2486 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2487 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2488 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2489 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2490 ** OP_Column opcode.
2491 **
2492 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2493 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2494 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2495 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2496 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2497 **
2498 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2499 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2500 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2501 ** is in DESC order.
2502 **
2503 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2504 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2505 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2506 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2507 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2508 ** find the first match.
2509 **
2510 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2511 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2512 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2513 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2514 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2515 ** b-tree.
2516 */
2517 struct UnpackedRecord {
2518   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2519   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2520   union {
2521     char *z;            /* Cache of aMem[0].z for vdbeRecordCompareString() */
2522     i64 i;              /* Cache of aMem[0].u.i for vdbeRecordCompareInt() */
2523   } u;
2524   int n;              /* Cache of aMem[0].n used by vdbeRecordCompareString() */
2525   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2526   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2527   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2528   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2529   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2530   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2531 };
2532 
2533 
2534 /*
2535 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2536 ** instance of the following structure.
2537 **
2538 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2539 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2540 ** we have the following table and index:
2541 **
2542 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2543 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2544 **
2545 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2546 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2547 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2548 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2549 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2550 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2551 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2552 **
2553 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2554 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2555 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2556 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2557 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2558 ** element.
2559 **
2560 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2561 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
2562 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2563 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2564 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2565 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2566 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2567 */
2568 struct Index {
2569   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2570   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2571   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2572   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2573   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2574   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2575   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2576   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2577   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2578   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2579   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2580   Pgno tnum;               /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2581   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2582   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2583   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2584   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2585   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2586   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2587   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2588   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2589   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2590   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2591   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2592   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2593   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2594   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2595 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2596   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2597   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2598   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2599   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2600   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2601   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2602 #endif
2603   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2604 };
2605 
2606 /*
2607 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2608 */
2609 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2610 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2611 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2612 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2613 
2614 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2615 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2616 
2617 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2618 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2619 
2620 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2621 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2622 */
2623 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2624 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2625 
2626 /*
2627 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2628 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2629 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2630 */
2631 struct IndexSample {
2632   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2633   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2634   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2635   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2636   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2637 };
2638 
2639 /*
2640 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2641 */
2642 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2643 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2644 
2645 /*
2646 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2647 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2648 **
2649 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2650 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2651 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2652 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2653 ** static string.
2654 */
2655 struct Token {
2656   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2657   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2658 };
2659 
2660 /*
2661 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2662 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2663 **
2664 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2665 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iAgg field is the index in
2666 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2667 ** code for that node.
2668 **
2669 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2670 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2671 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2672 */
2673 struct AggInfo {
2674   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2675                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2676   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2677                           ** than the source table */
2678   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2679   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2680   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2681   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2682   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2683   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2684     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2685     Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
2686     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2687     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2688     i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2689     i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2690   } *aCol;
2691   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2692   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2693                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2694                           ** aggregate functions */
2695   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2696     Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
2697     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2698     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2699     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2700     int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
2701   } *aFunc;
2702   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2703   u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
2704 };
2705 
2706 /*
2707 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2708 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2709 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2710 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2711 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2712 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2713 ** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
2714 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2715 */
2716 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
2717 typedef i16 ynVar;
2718 #else
2719 typedef int ynVar;
2720 #endif
2721 
2722 /*
2723 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2724 ** of this structure.
2725 **
2726 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2727 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2728 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2729 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2730 ** tree.
2731 **
2732 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2733 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.u.zToken contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2734 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.u.zToken contains the
2735 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2736 ** then Expr.u.zToken contains the name of the function.
2737 **
2738 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2739 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2740 **
2741 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2742 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2743 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2744 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2745 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2746 ** valid.
2747 **
2748 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2749 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2750 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2751 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2752 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2753 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2754 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2755 **
2756 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2757 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2758 ** number for that variable.
2759 **
2760 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2761 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2762 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2763 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2764 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2765 **
2766 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2767 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2768 ** corresponding table definition.
2769 **
2770 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2771 **
2772 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2773 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2774 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2775 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2776 ** together with Expr.u.zToken strings.
2777 **
2778 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2779 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2780 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2781 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2782 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2783 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2784 */
2785 struct Expr {
2786   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2787   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2788   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2789                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2790                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2791                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2792 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2793   u8 vvaFlags;           /* Verification flags. */
2794 #endif
2795   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2796   union {
2797     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2798     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2799   } u;
2800 
2801   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2802   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2803   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2804   *********************************************************************/
2805 
2806   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2807   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2808   union {
2809     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2810     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2811   } x;
2812 
2813   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2814   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2815   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2816   *********************************************************************/
2817 
2818 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2819   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2820 #endif
2821   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2822                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2823                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2824                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2825                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2826                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2827                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2828   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2829                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2830                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2831   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2832   union {
2833     int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2834     int iOfst;             /* else: start of token from start of statement */
2835   } w;
2836   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2837   union {
2838     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2839                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2840     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2841     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2842       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2843       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2844     } sub;
2845   } y;
2846 };
2847 
2848 /* The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2849 ** Value restrictions:
2850 **
2851 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2852 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2853 */
2854 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2855 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2856 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2857 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2858 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2859 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2860 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2861 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2862 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2863 #define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2864 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2865 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2866 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2867 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2868 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2869 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2870 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2871 #define EP_IfNullRow  0x020000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
2872 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2873 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2874 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2875 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2876                  /*   0x400000 // Available */
2877 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2878 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2879 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2880 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2881 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2882 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2883 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2884 #define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
2885                /*   0x80000000 // Available */
2886 
2887 /* The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2888 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2889 */
2890 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2891 
2892 /* Macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2893 ** Expr.flags field.
2894 */
2895 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2896 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2897 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2898 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2899 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2900 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2901 
2902 /* Macros used to ensure that the correct members of unions are accessed
2903 ** in Expr.
2904 */
2905 #define ExprUseUToken(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)==0)
2906 #define ExprUseUValue(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)!=0)
2907 #define ExprUseXList(E)     (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)==0)
2908 #define ExprUseXSelect(E)   (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)!=0)
2909 #define ExprUseYTab(E)      (((E)->flags&(EP_WinFunc|EP_Subrtn))==0)
2910 #define ExprUseYWin(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_WinFunc)!=0)
2911 #define ExprUseYSub(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_Subrtn)!=0)
2912 
2913 /* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
2914 */
2915 #define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2916 #define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */
2917 
2918 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2919 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2920 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2921 */
2922 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2923 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)   (E)->vvaFlags|=(P)
2924 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   (((E)->vvaFlags&(P))!=0)
2925 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E) (E)->vvaFlags = 0
2926 #else
2927 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2928 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   0
2929 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E)
2930 #endif
2931 
2932 /*
2933 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2934 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2935 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2936 */
2937 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2938 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2939 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2940 
2941 /*
2942 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2943 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2944 */
2945 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2946 
2947 /*
2948 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2949 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2950 */
2951 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2952 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2953 #else
2954 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2955     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2956  )
2957 #endif
2958 
2959 /*
2960 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2961 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2962 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2963 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2964 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2965 ** field is not used.
2966 **
2967 ** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
2968 ** is used for multiple purposes:
2969 **
2970 **     eEName          Usage
2971 **    ----------       -------------------------
2972 **    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
2973 **                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
2974 **
2975 **    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
2976 **                     of subqueries
2977 **
2978 **    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
2979 **                     expression.
2980 */
2981 struct ExprList {
2982   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2983   int nAlloc;            /* Number of a[] slots allocated */
2984   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2985     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2986     char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
2987     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2988     unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
2989     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2990     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2991     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2992     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2993     union {
2994       struct {             /* Used by any ExprList other than Parse.pConsExpr */
2995         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2996         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2997       } x;
2998       int iConstExprReg;   /* Register in which Expr value is cached. Used only
2999                            ** by Parse.pConstExpr */
3000     } u;
3001   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
3002 };
3003 
3004 /*
3005 ** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
3006 */
3007 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
3008 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
3009 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
3010 
3011 /*
3012 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
3013 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
3014 **
3015 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
3016 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
3017 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
3018 **
3019 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
3020 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
3021 **
3022 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
3023 **
3024 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
3025 */
3026 struct IdList {
3027   struct IdList_item {
3028     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
3029     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
3030   } *a;
3031   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
3032 };
3033 
3034 /*
3035 ** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
3036 ** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
3037 **
3038 ** Union member validity:
3039 **
3040 **    u1.zIndexedBy          fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
3041 **    u1.pFuncArg            fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
3042 **    u2.pIBIndex            fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
3043 **    u2.pCteUse             fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
3044 */
3045 struct SrcItem {
3046   Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
3047   char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
3048   char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
3049   char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
3050   Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
3051   Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
3052   int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
3053   int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
3054   int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
3055   struct {
3056     u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
3057     unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
3058     unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
3059     unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
3060     unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
3061     unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
3062     unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
3063     unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
3064     unsigned isCte :1;         /* This is a CTE */
3065     unsigned notCte :1;        /* This item may not match a CTE */
3066   } fg;
3067   int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
3068   Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
3069   IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
3070   Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
3071   union {
3072     char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
3073     ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
3074   } u1;
3075   union {
3076     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
3077     CteUse *pCteUse;  /* CTE Usage info info fg.isCte is true */
3078   } u2;
3079 };
3080 
3081 /*
3082 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
3083 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
3084 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
3085 **
3086 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
3087 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
3088 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
3089 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
3090 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
3091 **
3092 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
3093 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
3094 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
3095 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
3096 **
3097 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
3098 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
3099 */
3100 struct SrcList {
3101   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
3102   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
3103   SrcItem a[1];    /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
3104 };
3105 
3106 /*
3107 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
3108 */
3109 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
3110 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
3111 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
3112 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
3113 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
3114 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
3115 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
3116 
3117 
3118 /*
3119 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
3120 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
3121 **
3122 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3123 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
3124 */
3125 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
3126 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
3127 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
3128 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
3129 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
3130 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
3131 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
3132                                       ** the OR optimization  */
3133 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
3134 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
3135 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
3136 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
3137 #define WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT     0x0400 /* Query is "SELECT agg(DISTINCT ...)" */
3138 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
3139                         /*     0x1000    not currently used */
3140                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
3141 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
3142                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
3143 
3144 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
3145 */
3146 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
3147 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
3148 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
3149 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
3150 
3151 /*
3152 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
3153 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
3154 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
3155 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
3156 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
3157 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
3158 ** other statements.
3159 **
3160 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
3161 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
3162 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
3163 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
3164 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
3165 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
3166 **
3167 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
3168 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
3169 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
3170 ** subqueries looking for a match.
3171 */
3172 struct NameContext {
3173   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
3174   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
3175   union {
3176     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
3177     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
3178     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
3179     int iBaseReg;        /* For TK_REGISTER when parsing RETURNING */
3180   } uNC;
3181   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
3182   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
3183   int nNcErr;          /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
3184   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
3185   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
3186 };
3187 
3188 /*
3189 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
3190 **
3191 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
3192 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg       == EP_Agg
3193 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg    == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3194 **    NC_OrderAgg  == SF_OrderByReqd  == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3195 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
3196 **
3197 */
3198 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x000001 /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
3199 #define NC_PartIdx   0x000002 /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
3200 #define NC_IsCheck   0x000004 /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
3201 #define NC_GenCol    0x000008 /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
3202 #define NC_HasAgg    0x000010 /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
3203 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x000020 /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
3204 #define NC_SelfRef   0x00002e /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
3205 #define NC_VarSelect 0x000040 /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
3206 #define NC_UEList    0x000080 /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
3207 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x000100 /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
3208 #define NC_UUpsert   0x000200 /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
3209 #define NC_UBaseReg  0x000400 /* True if uNC.iBaseReg is used */
3210 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x001000 /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
3211 #define NC_Complex   0x002000 /* True if a function or subquery seen */
3212 #define NC_AllowWin  0x004000 /* Window functions are allowed here */
3213 #define NC_HasWin    0x008000 /* One or more window functions seen */
3214 #define NC_IsDDL     0x010000 /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
3215 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x020000 /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
3216 #define NC_FromDDL   0x040000 /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
3217 #define NC_NoSelect  0x080000 /* Do not descend into sub-selects */
3218 #define NC_OrderAgg 0x8000000 /* Has an aggregate other than count/min/max */
3219 
3220 /*
3221 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
3222 ** clause in an upsert.
3223 **
3224 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
3225 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
3226 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
3227 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
3228 **
3229 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
3230 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
3231 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
3232 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
3233 */
3234 struct Upsert {
3235   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflict target */
3236   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
3237   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3238   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3239   Upsert *pNextUpsert;      /* Next ON CONFLICT clause in the list */
3240   u8 isDoUpdate;            /* True for DO UPDATE.  False for DO NOTHING */
3241   /* Above this point is the parse tree for the ON CONFLICT clauses.
3242   ** The next group of fields stores intermediate data. */
3243   void *pToFree;            /* Free memory when deleting the Upsert object */
3244   /* All fields above are owned by the Upsert object and must be freed
3245   ** when the Upsert is destroyed.  The fields below are used to transfer
3246   ** information from the INSERT processing down into the UPDATE processing
3247   ** while generating code.  The fields below are owned by the INSERT
3248   ** statement and will be freed by INSERT processing. */
3249   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* UNIQUE constraint specified by pUpsertTarget */
3250   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
3251   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
3252   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
3253   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
3254 };
3255 
3256 /*
3257 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
3258 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
3259 **
3260 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
3261 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
3262 **
3263 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
3264 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
3265 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
3266 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
3267 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
3268 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
3269 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
3270 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
3271 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
3272 */
3273 struct Select {
3274   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
3275   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
3276   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
3277   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
3278   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
3279   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
3280   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
3281   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
3282   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
3283   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
3284   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
3285   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
3286   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
3287   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
3288   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
3289   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
3290 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3291   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
3292   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
3293 #endif
3294 };
3295 
3296 /*
3297 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
3298 ** "Select Flag".
3299 **
3300 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
3301 **     SF_HasAgg      == NC_HasAgg
3302 **     SF_MinMaxAgg   == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3303 **     SF_OrderByReqd == NC_OrderAgg      == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3304 **     SF_FixedLimit  == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
3305 */
3306 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
3307 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
3308 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
3309 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
3310 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
3311 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
3312 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
3313 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
3314 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
3315 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
3316 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
3317 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
3318 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
3319 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
3320 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
3321 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3322 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3323 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
3324 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
3325 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
3326 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
3327 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
3328 #define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
3329 #define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
3330 #define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
3331 #define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
3332 #define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
3333 #define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */
3334 
3335 /*
3336 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
3337 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
3338 ** Type".
3339 **
3340 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
3341 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
3342 **
3343 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
3344 **
3345 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
3346 **                     set is not empty.
3347 **
3348 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
3349 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
3350 **                     the side-effects of functions.
3351 **
3352 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
3353 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
3354 **
3355 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
3356 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3357 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3358 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3359 **
3360 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3361 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3362 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3363 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3364 **
3365 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3366 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3367 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3368 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3369 **                     the table first.
3370 **
3371 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3372 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3373 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3374 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3375 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3376 **
3377 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3378 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3379 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3380 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3381 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3382 **
3383 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3384 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3385 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3386 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3387 **
3388 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3389 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3390 **                     are distinct.
3391 **
3392 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3393 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3394 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3395 **
3396 **     SRT_Upfrom      Store results in the temporary table already opened by
3397 **                     pDest->iSDParm. If (pDest->iSDParm<0), then the temp
3398 **                     table is an intkey table - in this case the first
3399 **                     column returned by the SELECT is used as the integer
3400 **                     key. If (pDest->iSDParm>0), then the table is an index
3401 **                     table. (pDest->iSDParm) is the number of key columns in
3402 **                     each index record in this case.
3403 */
3404 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3405 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3406 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3407 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3408 #define SRT_DistFifo     5  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3409 #define SRT_DistQueue    6  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3410 
3411 /* The DISTINCT clause is ignored for all of the above.  Not that
3412 ** IgnorableDistinct() implies IgnorableOrderby() */
3413 #define IgnorableDistinct(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3414 
3415 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3416 #define SRT_Fifo         8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3417 
3418 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3419 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Fifo)
3420 
3421 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3422 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3423 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3424 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3425 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3426 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3427 #define SRT_Upfrom      15  /* Store result as data with rowid */
3428 
3429 /*
3430 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3431 ** a SELECT statement.
3432 */
3433 struct SelectDest {
3434   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
3435   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3436   int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
3437   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3438   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3439   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3440   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3441 };
3442 
3443 /*
3444 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3445 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3446 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3447 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3448 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3449 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3450 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3451 */
3452 struct AutoincInfo {
3453   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3454   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3455   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3456   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3457 };
3458 
3459 /*
3460 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3461 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3462 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3463 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3464 ** completed.
3465 **
3466 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3467 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3468 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3469 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3470 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3471 **
3472 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3473 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3474 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3475 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3476 */
3477 struct TriggerPrg {
3478   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3479   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3480   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3481   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3482   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3483 };
3484 
3485 /*
3486 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3487 */
3488 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3489   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3490 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3491 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3492 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3493 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3494 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3495 #else
3496   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3497 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3498 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3499 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3500 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3501 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3502 #endif
3503 
3504 /*
3505 ** An instance of the ParseCleanup object specifies an operation that
3506 ** should be performed after parsing to deallocation resources obtained
3507 ** during the parse and which are no longer needed.
3508 */
3509 struct ParseCleanup {
3510   ParseCleanup *pNext;               /* Next cleanup task */
3511   void *pPtr;                        /* Pointer to object to deallocate */
3512   void (*xCleanup)(sqlite3*,void*);  /* Deallocation routine */
3513 };
3514 
3515 /*
3516 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3517 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3518 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3519 **
3520 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3521 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3522 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3523 ** each recursion.
3524 **
3525 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3526 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3527 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3528 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3529 ** list.
3530 */
3531 struct Parse {
3532   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3533   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3534   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3535   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3536   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3537   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3538   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3539   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3540   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3541   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3542   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3543   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3544   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3545   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3546 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
3547   u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
3548 #endif
3549   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3550   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3551   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3552   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3553   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3554   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3555   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3556                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3557   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3558   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3559   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3560   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3561   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3562   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3563   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3564   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3565   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3566   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3567   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3568 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3569   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3570   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3571 #endif
3572   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3573   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3574   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3575   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3576   ParseCleanup *pCleanup;   /* List of cleanup operations to run after parse */
3577   union {
3578     int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
3579     Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
3580   } u1;
3581   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3582   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3583   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3584   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3585   u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
3586   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3587   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3588 
3589   /**************************************************************************
3590   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3591   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3592   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3593   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3594   **************************************************************************/
3595 
3596   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3597   Parse *pOuterParse;     /* Outer Parse object when nested */
3598   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3599 
3600   /************************************************************************
3601   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3602   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3603   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3604   ** first field in the recursive region.
3605   ************************************************************************/
3606 
3607   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3608   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3609   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3610   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3611   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3612 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3613   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3614 #endif
3615   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3616 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3617   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3618 #endif
3619   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3620   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3621   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3622   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3623   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3624                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3625                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3626   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3627   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3628 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3629   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3630   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3631 #endif
3632   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3633 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3634   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3635 #endif
3636 };
3637 
3638 /* Allowed values for Parse.eParseMode
3639 */
3640 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3641 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3642 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3643 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3644 
3645 /*
3646 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3647 */
3648 #define PARSE_HDR(X)  (((char*)(X))+offsetof(Parse,zErrMsg))
3649 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ (offsetof(Parse,aTempReg)-offsetof(Parse,zErrMsg)) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3650 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3651 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3652 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3653 
3654 /*
3655 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3656 */
3657 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3658   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3659 #else
3660   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3661 #endif
3662 
3663 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3664   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3665 #else
3666   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3667 #endif
3668 
3669 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3670   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3671 #else
3672   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3673 #endif
3674 
3675 /*
3676 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3677 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3678 */
3679 struct AuthContext {
3680   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3681   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3682 };
3683 
3684 /*
3685 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3686 **
3687 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3688 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3689 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3690 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3691 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3692 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3693 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3694 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3695 */
3696 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3697                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3698 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3699 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3700 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3701 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3702 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3703 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3704 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3705 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3706 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3707 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3708 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3709 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3710 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3711 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3712 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3713 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3714 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3715 #define OPFLAG_PREFORMAT     0x80    /* OP_Insert uses preformatted cell */
3716 
3717 /*
3718  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3719  * struct Trigger.
3720  *
3721  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3722  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3723  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3724  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3725  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3726  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3727  *    struct Table.
3728  *
3729  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3730  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3731  */
3732 struct Trigger {
3733   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3734   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3735   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3736   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3737   u8 bReturning;          /* This trigger implements a RETURNING clause */
3738   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3739   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3740                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3741   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3742   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3743   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3744   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3745 };
3746 
3747 /*
3748 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3749 ** determine which.
3750 **
3751 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3752 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3753 */
3754 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3755 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3756 
3757 /*
3758  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3759  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3760  *
3761  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3762  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3763  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3764  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3765  *
3766  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3767  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3768  * value of "op" as follows:
3769  *
3770  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3771  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3772  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3773  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3774  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3775  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3776  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3777  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3778  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3779  *              inserted into.
3780  *
3781  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3782  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3783  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3784  *              Otherwise NULL.
3785  *
3786  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3787  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3788  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3789  *              Otherwise NULL.
3790  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3791  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3792  *              argument.
3793  *
3794  */
3795 struct TriggerStep {
3796   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT,
3797                        ** or TK_RETURNING */
3798   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3799   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3800   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3801   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3802   SrcList *pFrom;      /* FROM clause for UPDATE statement (if any) */
3803   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3804   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE, or RETURNING clause */
3805   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3806   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3807   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3808   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3809   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3810 };
3811 
3812 /*
3813 ** Information about a RETURNING clause
3814 */
3815 struct Returning {
3816   Parse *pParse;        /* The parse that includes the RETURNING clause */
3817   ExprList *pReturnEL;  /* List of expressions to return */
3818   Trigger retTrig;      /* The transient trigger that implements RETURNING */
3819   TriggerStep retTStep; /* The trigger step */
3820   int iRetCur;          /* Transient table holding RETURNING results */
3821   int nRetCol;          /* Number of in pReturnEL after expansion */
3822   int iRetReg;          /* Register array for holding a row of RETURNING */
3823 };
3824 
3825 /*
3826 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3827 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3828 */
3829 struct sqlite3_str {
3830   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3831   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3832   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3833   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3834   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3835   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3836   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3837 };
3838 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3839 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3840 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3841 
3842 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3843 
3844 
3845 /*
3846 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3847 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3848 */
3849 typedef struct {
3850   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3851   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3852   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3853   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3854   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3855   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3856   Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
3857 } InitData;
3858 
3859 /*
3860 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3861 */
3862 #define INITFLAG_AlterMask     0x0003  /* Types of ALTER */
3863 #define INITFLAG_AlterRename   0x0001  /* Reparse after a RENAME */
3864 #define INITFLAG_AlterDrop     0x0002  /* Reparse after a DROP COLUMN */
3865 #define INITFLAG_AlterAdd      0x0003  /* Reparse after an ADD COLUMN */
3866 
3867 /* Tuning parameters are set using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE and are controlled
3868 ** on debug-builds of the CLI using ".testctrl tune ID VALUE".  Tuning
3869 ** parameters are for temporary use during development, to help find
3870 ** optimial values for parameters in the query planner.  The should not
3871 ** be used on trunk check-ins.  They are a temporary mechanism available
3872 ** for transient development builds only.
3873 **
3874 ** Tuning parameters are numbered starting with 1.
3875 */
3876 #define SQLITE_NTUNE  6             /* Should be zero for all trunk check-ins */
3877 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3878 # define Tuning(X)  (sqlite3Config.aTune[(X)-1])
3879 #else
3880 # define Tuning(X)  0
3881 #endif
3882 
3883 /*
3884 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3885 **
3886 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3887 */
3888 struct Sqlite3Config {
3889   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3890   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3891   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3892   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3893   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3894   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3895   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3896   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3897   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3898   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3899   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3900   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3901   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3902   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3903   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3904   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3905   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3906   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3907   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3908   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3909   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3910   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3911   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3912   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3913   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3914   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3915   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3916   ** initially be zero, however. */
3917   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3918   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3919   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3920   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3921   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3922   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3923   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3924   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3925   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3926 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3927   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3928   void *pSqllogArg;
3929 #endif
3930 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3931   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3932   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3933   */
3934   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3935   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3936 #endif
3937 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
3938   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3939 #endif
3940 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3941   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3942 #endif
3943   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3944   int (*xAltLocaltime)(const void*,void*); /* Alternative localtime() routine */
3945   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3946   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3947   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3948   /* vvvv--- must be last ---vvv */
3949 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3950   sqlite3_int64 aTune[SQLITE_NTUNE]; /* Tuning parameters */
3951 #endif
3952 };
3953 
3954 /*
3955 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3956 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3957 **
3958 **     assert( X );
3959 **
3960 ** One writes:
3961 **
3962 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3963 **
3964 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3965 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3966 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3967 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3968 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3969 */
3970 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3971 
3972 /*
3973 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3974 */
3975 struct Walker {
3976   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3977   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3978   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3979   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3980   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3981   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
3982   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3983     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3984     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3985     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3986     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3987     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3988     struct RefSrcList *pRefSrcList;           /* sqlite3ReferencesSrcList() */
3989     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3990     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3991     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3992     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3993     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3994     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3995     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3996     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3997     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
3998     SrcItem *pSrcItem;                        /* A single FROM clause item */
3999     DbFixer *pFix;
4000   } u;
4001 };
4002 
4003 /*
4004 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
4005 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
4006 ** explicit.
4007 */
4008 struct DbFixer {
4009   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
4010   Walker w;           /* Walker object */
4011   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
4012   u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
4013   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
4014   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
4015   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
4016 };
4017 
4018 /* Forward declarations */
4019 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
4020 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
4021 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
4022 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
4023 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
4024 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
4025 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
4026 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
4027 int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker*,Select*);
4028 void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker*,Select*);
4029 void sqlite3WalkWinDefnDummyCallback(Walker*,Select*);
4030 
4031 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4032 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
4033 #endif
4034 
4035 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4036 void sqlite3SelectPopWith(Walker*, Select*);
4037 #else
4038 # define sqlite3SelectPopWith 0
4039 #endif
4040 
4041 /*
4042 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
4043 ** callbacks.
4044 */
4045 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
4046 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
4047 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
4048 
4049 /*
4050 ** A single common table expression
4051 */
4052 struct Cte {
4053   char *zName;            /* Name of this CTE */
4054   ExprList *pCols;        /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
4055   Select *pSelect;        /* The definition of this CTE */
4056   const char *zCteErr;    /* Error message for circular references */
4057   CteUse *pUse;           /* Usage information for this CTE */
4058   u8 eM10d;               /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4059 };
4060 
4061 /*
4062 ** Allowed values for the materialized flag (eM10d):
4063 */
4064 #define M10d_Yes       0  /* AS MATERIALIZED */
4065 #define M10d_Any       1  /* Not specified.  Query planner's choice */
4066 #define M10d_No        2  /* AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
4067 
4068 /*
4069 ** An instance of the With object represents a WITH clause containing
4070 ** one or more CTEs (common table expressions).
4071 */
4072 struct With {
4073   int nCte;               /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
4074   int bView;              /* Belongs to the outermost Select of a view */
4075   With *pOuter;           /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
4076   Cte a[1];               /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
4077 };
4078 
4079 /*
4080 ** The Cte object is not guaranteed to persist for the entire duration
4081 ** of code generation.  (The query flattener or other parser tree
4082 ** edits might delete it.)  The following object records information
4083 ** about each Common Table Expression that must be preserved for the
4084 ** duration of the parse.
4085 **
4086 ** The CteUse objects are freed using sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() rather
4087 ** than sqlite3SelectDelete(), which is what enables them to persist
4088 ** until the end of code generation.
4089 */
4090 struct CteUse {
4091   int nUse;              /* Number of users of this CTE */
4092   int addrM9e;           /* Start of subroutine to compute materialization */
4093   int regRtn;            /* Return address register for addrM9e subroutine */
4094   int iCur;              /* Ephemeral table holding the materialization */
4095   LogEst nRowEst;        /* Estimated number of rows in the table */
4096   u8 eM10d;              /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4097 };
4098 
4099 
4100 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4101 /*
4102 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
4103 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
4104 */
4105 struct TreeView {
4106   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
4107   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
4108 };
4109 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
4110 
4111 /*
4112 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
4113 ** functions.
4114 **
4115 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
4116 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
4117 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
4118 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
4119 **
4120 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
4121 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
4122 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
4123 **
4124 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
4125 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
4126 **
4127 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
4128 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
4129 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
4130 **
4131 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
4132 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
4133 */
4134 struct Window {
4135   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
4136   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
4137   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
4138   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
4139   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
4140   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4141   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4142   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
4143   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
4144   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
4145   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
4146   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
4147   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
4148   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
4149   FuncDef *pWFunc;        /* The function */
4150   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
4151   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
4152   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
4153   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
4154   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
4155   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
4156   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
4157   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
4158   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
4159   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
4160   int regStartRowid;
4161   int regEndRowid;
4162   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
4163                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
4164 };
4165 
4166 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4167 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
4168 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
4169 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4170 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
4171 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
4172 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
4173 int sqlite3WindowCompare(const Parse*, const Window*, const Window*, int);
4174 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
4175 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
4176 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
4177 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
4178 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
4179 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4180 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
4181 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
4182 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
4183 #else
4184 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
4185 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
4186 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
4187 #endif
4188 
4189 /*
4190 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
4191 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
4192 */
4193 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
4194   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
4195     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
4196   }                                                    \
4197 }
4198 
4199 /*
4200 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
4201 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
4202 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
4203 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
4204 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
4205 */
4206 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
4207 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
4208 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
4209 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
4210 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4211 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
4212 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
4213 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4214   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
4215   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
4216 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
4217 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
4218 #else
4219 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
4220 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
4221 #endif
4222 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
4223   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
4224 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
4225 #else
4226 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4227 #endif
4228 
4229 /*
4230 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
4231 */
4232 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4233 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
4234 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
4235 #endif
4236 
4237 /*
4238 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
4239 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
4240 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
4241 */
4242 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
4243 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
4244 #endif
4245 
4246 /*
4247 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
4248 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
4249 */
4250 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
4251     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
4252 # include <ctype.h>
4253 #endif
4254 
4255 /*
4256 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
4257 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
4258 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
4259 */
4260 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
4261 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
4262 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
4263 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
4264 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
4265 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
4266 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
4267 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
4268 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
4269 #else
4270 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
4271 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
4272 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
4273 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
4274 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4275 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4276 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
4277 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
4278 #endif
4279 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
4280 
4281 /*
4282 ** Internal function prototypes
4283 */
4284 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
4285 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
4286 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
4287 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
4288 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
4289 
4290 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
4291 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
4292 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
4293 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
4294 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
4295 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
4296 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
4297 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
4298 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
4299 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
4300 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
4301 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4302 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4303 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
4304 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
4305 int sqlite3MallocSize(const void*);
4306 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, const void*);
4307 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
4308 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
4309 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
4310 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4311 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
4312 #endif
4313 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
4314 
4315 /*
4316 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
4317 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
4318 ** obtain space from malloc().
4319 **
4320 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
4321 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
4322 */
4323 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
4324 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
4325 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
4326 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
4327 #else
4328 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
4329 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
4330 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
4331 #endif
4332 
4333 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
4334 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
4335 */
4336 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
4337 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
4338 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4339 #endif
4340 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4341 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
4342 #endif
4343 
4344 
4345 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
4346   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
4347   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
4348   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
4349   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
4350   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
4351 #endif
4352 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
4353   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
4354 #else
4355 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
4356 #endif
4357 
4358 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
4359 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
4360 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
4361 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
4362 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
4363 
4364 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
4365 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
4366 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
4367 
4368 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
4369 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
4370 #else
4371 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
4372 #endif
4373 
4374 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
4375 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
4376 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
4377 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
4378   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
4379 #else
4380 # define IsNaN(X)         0
4381 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
4382 #endif
4383 
4384 /*
4385 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
4386 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
4387 */
4388 struct PrintfArguments {
4389   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
4390   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
4391   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
4392 };
4393 
4394 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
4395 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
4396 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
4397   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
4398 #endif
4399 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4400   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
4401 #endif
4402 
4403 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
4404   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
4405   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
4406   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
4407   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
4408   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
4409   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
4410 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4411   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4412   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4413 #endif
4414 #endif
4415 
4416 
4417 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
4418 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4419 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
4420 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
4421 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
4422 void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
4423 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
4424 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
4425 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*);
4426 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
4427 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
4428 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
4429 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
4430 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
4431 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
4432 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4433 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
4434 #endif
4435 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
4436 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4437 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
4438 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
4439 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
4440 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
4441 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
4442 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, const Token*, int);
4443 void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,const Expr*,const FuncDef*);
4444 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
4445 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
4446 void sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4447 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4448 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4449 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
4450 Select *sqlite3ExprListToValues(Parse*, int, ExprList*);
4451 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
4452 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,const Token*,int);
4453 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
4454 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
4455 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
4456 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
4457 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
4458 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
4459 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
4460 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
4461 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4462 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
4463 #endif
4464 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
4465 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
4466 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
4467 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
4468 void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(Parse*,Table*,Column*,Expr*);
4469 Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table*,Column*);
4470 void sqlite3ColumnSetColl(sqlite3*,Column*,const char*zColl);
4471 const char *sqlite3ColumnColl(Column*);
4472 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
4473 void sqlite3GenerateColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect);
4474 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
4475 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
4476 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
4477 void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
4478 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
4479 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
4480 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4481 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4482 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4483 #else
4484   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
4485   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
4486 #endif
4487 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
4488 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
4489   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4490 #else
4491 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4492 #endif
4493 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token,Token);
4494 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4495 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4496 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*, const char*, const char*);
4497 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4498 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4499 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4500 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u32,Select*);
4501 void sqlite3AddReturning(Parse*,ExprList*);
4502 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4503                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4504 #define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4505 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4506 
4507 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4508 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4509 #else
4510   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4511 #endif
4512 
4513 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4514 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4515 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4516 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4517 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4518 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4519 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4520 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4521 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4522 #endif
4523 
4524 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4525 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4526 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4527 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4528 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4529 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4530 
4531 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4532 
4533 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4534   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4535 #else
4536 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4537 #endif
4538 
4539 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4540   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4541 #endif
4542 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4543 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4544 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4545 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4546 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4547   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4548   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4549 #else
4550 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4551 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4552 #endif
4553 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4554 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4555   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4556 #endif
4557 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4558 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4559 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4560 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4561 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
4562 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4563 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4564                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
4565 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4566 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4567 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, SrcItem *);
4568 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
4569 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4570 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4571 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4572 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4573 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4574                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4575 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4576 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4577 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4578                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4579 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4580 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4581 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4582 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4583 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4584 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4585 #endif
4586 void sqlite3CodeChangeCount(Vdbe*,int,const char*);
4587 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4588 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4589                    Upsert*);
4590 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4591                              ExprList*,Select*,u16,int);
4592 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4593 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4594 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4595 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4596 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4597 void sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(Vdbe*,WhereInfo*);
4598 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4599 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4600 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4601 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4602 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4603 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4604 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4605 int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
4606 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4607 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4608 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4609 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4610 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4611 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4612 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Table*, Column*, int);
4613 #endif
4614 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4615 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4616 int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4617 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4618 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4619 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4620 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4621 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4622 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4623 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4624 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4625 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4626 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4627 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4628 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4629 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4630 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4631 const char *sqlite3PreferredTableName(const char*);
4632 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,SrcItem *);
4633 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4634 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4635 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4636 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4637 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4638 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, const Token*);
4639 int sqlite3ExprCompare(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4640 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*,Expr*,int);
4641 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(const ExprList*,const ExprList*, int);
4642 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4643 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4644 void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker*,Parse*);
4645 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4646 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4647 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4648 int sqlite3ReferencesSrcList(Parse*, Expr*, SrcList*);
4649 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4650 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4651 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4652 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4653 #endif
4654 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4655 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4656 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4657 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4658 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4659 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4660 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4661 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4662 u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
4663 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4664 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4665 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4666 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4667 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4668 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4669 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4670 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4671 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4672 #endif
4673 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(const Expr*, int*);
4674 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4675 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4676 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4677 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4678     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4679 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4680 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4681 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4682 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4683 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4684                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4685 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4686   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4687 #else
4688 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4689 #endif
4690 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4691 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4692 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4693 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4694 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4695 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4696 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4697 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4698 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,const Expr*,int);
4699 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,const ExprList*,int);
4700 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,const SrcList*,int);
4701 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,const IdList*);
4702 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,const Select*,int);
4703 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4704 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4705 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4706 void sqlite3QuoteValue(StrAccum*,sqlite3_value*);
4707 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4708 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4709 void sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions(void);
4710 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4711 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON)
4712   int sqlite3JsonTableFunctions(sqlite3*);
4713 #endif
4714 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4715 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4716 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4717 With *sqlite3WithDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p);
4718 
4719 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4720 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4721 #endif
4722 
4723 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4724   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4725                            Expr*,int, int);
4726   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4727   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4728   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4729   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4730   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4731   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4732                             int, int, int);
4733   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4734   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4735   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4736   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4737                                         const char*,const char*);
4738   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4739                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4740                                         const char*,const char*);
4741   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,
4742                                         Expr*, u8, const char*,const char*);
4743   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4744                                         const char*,const char*);
4745   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4746   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4747   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4748   SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(Parse*, TriggerStep*);
4749 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4750 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4751 #else
4752 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4753 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4754 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4755 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4756 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4757 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4758 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4759 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4760 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4761 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4762 # define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
4763 #endif
4764 
4765 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4766 int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol);
4767 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
4768 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4769 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4770 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4771   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4772   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4773   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4774   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4775   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4776 #else
4777 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4778 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4779 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4780 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4781 #endif
4782 int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName);
4783 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4784 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4785 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4786 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4787 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4788 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4789 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4790 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4791 void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
4792 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4793 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4794 int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
4795 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4796 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4797 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4798 #endif
4799 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4800 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4801 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4802 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4803 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4804 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4805 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4806 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4807 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4808 
4809 /*
4810 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4811 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4812 ** file.
4813 */
4814 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4815 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4816 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4817 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4818 
4819 /*
4820 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4821 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4822 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4823 */
4824 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4825   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4826 #define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
4827   B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
4828 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4829   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4830   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4831 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4832 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4833 
4834 
4835 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4836 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4837 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4838 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4839 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(const Table*,int);
4840 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
4841 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4842 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4843 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4844 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4845 void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3*);
4846 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4847 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4848 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4849 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4850 
4851 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4852 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4853 #endif
4854 
4855 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
4856 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4857 #endif
4858 
4859 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4860 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4861 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4862 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4863 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4864 void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
4865 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4866 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4867 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*);
4868 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(const Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4869 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(const Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4870 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4871 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
4872 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4873 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4874 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4875 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, i64);
4876 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4877 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4878 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4879 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4880 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4881 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4882 #else
4883 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4884 #endif
4885 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4886 
4887 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4888 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4889 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4890                         void(*)(void*));
4891 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4892 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4893 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4894 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4895 #endif
4896 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4897 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4898 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4899 #endif
4900 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, const Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4901 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4902 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4903 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4904 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4905 extern const unsigned char sqlite3StdTypeLen[];
4906 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[];
4907 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeMap[];
4908 extern const char *sqlite3StdType[];
4909 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4910 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aLTb;
4911 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aEQb;
4912 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aGTb;
4913 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4914 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4915 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4916 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4917 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4918 #endif
4919 #endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
4920 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4921 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4922 #endif
4923 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, Pgno, Pgno);
4924 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4925 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4926 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4927 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4928 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4929 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4930 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4931 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4932 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4933 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4934 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, SrcItem*);
4935 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4936 int sqlite3MatchEName(
4937   const struct ExprList_item*,
4938   const char*,
4939   const char*,
4940   const char*
4941 );
4942 Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
4943 u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
4944 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4945 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4946 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4947 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4948 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4949 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4950 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4951 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4952 void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, const Token*);
4953 const void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, const void*, const Token*);
4954 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, const void *pTo, const void *pFrom);
4955 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4956 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4957 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4958 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4959 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4960 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4961 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4962 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4963 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4964 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4965 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4966 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4967 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4968 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4969 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4970 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4971 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4972 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4973 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4974 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4975 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4976 const char *sqlite3SelectOpName(int);
4977 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4978 
4979 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4980 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4981 #endif
4982 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4983   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4984   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4985   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4986   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4987   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4988   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4989 );
4990 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4991 void *sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4992 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4993 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4994 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4995 
4996 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4997 int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum*, int);
4998 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4999 void sqlite3StrAccumSetError(StrAccum*, u8);
5000 void sqlite3ResultStrAccum(sqlite3_context*,StrAccum*);
5001 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
5002 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
5003 void sqlite3RecordErrorByteOffset(sqlite3*,const char*);
5004 void sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(sqlite3*,const Expr*);
5005 
5006 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
5007 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
5008 
5009 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
5010 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
5011 #else
5012 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
5013 #endif
5014 
5015 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
5016 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
5017     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
5018 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
5019 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
5020 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
5021 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
5022 #endif
5023 
5024 /*
5025 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
5026 */
5027 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
5028   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
5029   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
5030 #endif
5031 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
5032 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
5033 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
5034   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
5035 #endif
5036 
5037 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
5038 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
5039   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
5040 #else
5041 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
5042 #endif
5043 
5044 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
5045   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, Pgno, u8, const char *);
5046 #else
5047   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
5048 #endif
5049 
5050 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
5051   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
5052 #endif
5053 
5054 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5055 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(D,T)
5056 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
5057 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
5058 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
5059 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
5060 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
5061 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
5062 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
5063 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
5064 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
5065 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
5066 #else
5067    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
5068    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
5069    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
5070    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
5071    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
5072    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
5073    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
5074    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
5075    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
5076    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
5077    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
5078    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
5079    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
5080      sqlite3*,
5081      const char*,
5082      const sqlite3_module*,
5083      void*,
5084      void(*)(void*)
5085    );
5086 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
5087 #endif
5088 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
5089 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5090   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
5091   int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3*,Table*,const char*);
5092   void sqlite3MarkAllShadowTablesOf(sqlite3*, Table*);
5093 #else
5094 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
5095 # define sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(A,B,C) 0
5096 # define sqlite3MarkAllShadowTablesOf(A,B)
5097 #endif
5098 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
5099 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
5100 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
5101 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
5102 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
5103 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
5104 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
5105 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
5106 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
5107 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
5108 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
5109 
5110 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
5111 #if (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)) \
5112     && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
5113   void sqlite3VtabWriteAll(sqlite3_index_info*);
5114 #endif
5115 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
5116 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
5117 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
5118 void sqlite3ParseObjectInit(Parse*,sqlite3*);
5119 void sqlite3ParseObjectReset(Parse*);
5120 void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
5121 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
5122 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
5123 #endif
5124 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
5125 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
5126 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
5127 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
5128 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
5129 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
5130 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
5131   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
5132   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
5133 #endif
5134 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
5135   Cte *sqlite3CteNew(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,u8);
5136   void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3*,Cte*);
5137   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Cte*);
5138   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
5139   With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
5140 #else
5141 # define sqlite3CteNew(P,T,E,S)   ((void*)0)
5142 # define sqlite3CteDelete(D,C)
5143 # define sqlite3CteWithAdd(P,W,C) ((void*)0)
5144 # define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
5145 # define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z) ((void*)0)
5146 #endif
5147 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
5148   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
5149   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5150   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5151   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
5152   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
5153   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);
5154   int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert*);
5155 #else
5156 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(u,v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
5157 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
5158 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)         ((Upsert*)0)
5159 #define sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(x,y)     ((Upsert*)0)
5160 #define sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(x)     0
5161 #endif
5162 
5163 
5164 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
5165 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
5166 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
5167 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
5168 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
5169 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
5170 */
5171 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
5172   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
5173   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
5174   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
5175   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
5176   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
5177   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
5178   void sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(sqlite3*,int);
5179 #else
5180   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5181   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5182   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
5183   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
5184   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
5185   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
5186   #define sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(a,b)
5187 #endif
5188 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
5189   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
5190   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
5191 #else
5192   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
5193   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
5194 #endif
5195 
5196 
5197 /*
5198 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
5199 */
5200 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
5201 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
5202 
5203 /*
5204 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
5205 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5206 ** is not defined.
5207 */
5208 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5209   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
5210   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
5211 #else
5212   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
5213   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
5214 #endif
5215 
5216 /*
5217 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
5218 */
5219 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
5220 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
5221 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
5222 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
5223 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
5224 /*
5225 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
5226 */
5227 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
5228 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
5229 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
5230 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
5231 
5232 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
5233 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
5234 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
5235  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
5236   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
5237 #endif
5238 
5239 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
5240 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
5241 
5242 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
5243 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
5244   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(const Select *);
5245   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
5246 #else
5247   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
5248   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
5249 #endif
5250 
5251 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
5252 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
5253 
5254 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
5255   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
5256   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
5257   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
5258 #else
5259   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
5260   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
5261   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
5262 #endif
5263 
5264 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
5265   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
5266 #endif
5267 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
5268   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
5269 #endif
5270 
5271 /*
5272 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
5273 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
5274 ** print I/O tracing messages.
5275 */
5276 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
5277 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
5278   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
5279 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
5280 #else
5281 # define IOTRACE(A)
5282 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
5283 #endif
5284 
5285 /*
5286 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
5287 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
5288 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
5289 **
5290 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
5291 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
5292 ** a single bit set.
5293 **
5294 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
5295 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5296 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
5297 **
5298 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
5299 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5300 **
5301 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
5302 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
5303 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
5304 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
5305 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
5306 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
5307 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
5308 ** this constraint.
5309 **
5310 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
5311 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
5312 */
5313 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
5314   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
5315   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(const void*,u8);
5316   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(const void*,u8);
5317 #else
5318 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
5319 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
5320 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
5321 #endif
5322 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
5323 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
5324 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
5325 
5326 /*
5327 ** Threading interface
5328 */
5329 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
5330 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
5331 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
5332 #endif
5333 
5334 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5335 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
5336 #endif
5337 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5338 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
5339 #endif
5340 
5341 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(const Expr *pExpr);
5342 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(const Expr *pExpr);
5343 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
5344 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int,int);
5345 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
5346 
5347 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
5348 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
5349 #endif
5350 
5351 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
5352