xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision cb6acda9)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /* Needed for various definitions... */
123 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
124 # define _GNU_SOURCE
125 #endif
126 
127 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
128 # define _BSD_SOURCE
129 #endif
130 
131 /*
132 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
133 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
134 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
135 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
136 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
137 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
138 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
139 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
140 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
141 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
142 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
143 ** disabled.
144 */
145 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
146 # include "mingw.h"
147 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
148 # include "_mingw.h"
149 #endif
150 
151 /*
152 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
153 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
154 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
155 */
156 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
157     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
158     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
159     defined(__MSVCRT__)
160 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
161 #endif
162 
163 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
164 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
165 ** MinGW.
166 */
167 #include "sqlite3.h"
168 
169 /*
170 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
171 ** autoconf-based build
172 */
173 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
174 #include "config.h"
175 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
176 #endif
177 
178 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
179 
180 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
181 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
182 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
183 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
184 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
185 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
186 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190 ** Include standard header files as necessary
191 */
192 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
193 #include <stdint.h>
194 #endif
195 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
196 #include <inttypes.h>
197 #endif
198 
199 /*
200 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
201 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
202 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
203 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
204 **
205 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
206 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
207 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
208 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
209 **
210 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
211 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
212 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
213 ** compiler.
214 */
215 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
216 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
217 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
218 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
219 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
220 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
221 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
222 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
223 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
224 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
225 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
226 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
227 #endif
228 
229 /*
230 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
231 ** inlined.
232 */
233 #if defined(__GNUC__)
234 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
235 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
236 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
237 #else
238 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
239 #endif
240 
241 /*
242 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
243 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
244 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
245 */
246 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
247 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
248 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
249 #      include <intrin.h>
250 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
251 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
252 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
253 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
254 #    else
255 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
256 #    endif
257 #  endif
258 #endif
259 
260 /*
261 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
262 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
263 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
264 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
265 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
266 ** database connection at the same time.
267 **
268 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
269 ** We support that for legacy.
270 **
271 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
272 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
273 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
274 ** also be updated there.
275 */
276 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
277 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
278 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
279 # else
280 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
281 # endif
282 #endif
283 
284 /*
285 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
286 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
287 */
288 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
289 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
290 #endif
291 
292 /*
293 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
294 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
295 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
296 */
297 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
298 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
299 #endif
300 
301 /*
302 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
303 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
304 **
305 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
306 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
307 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
308 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
309 **
310 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
311 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
312 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
313 ** assertion will be triggered.
314 **
315 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
316 ** the default.
317 */
318 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
319   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
320   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
322 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
323  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
324  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
325  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
326 #endif
327 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
328   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
329   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
330   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
331 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
336 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
337 */
338 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
339 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
340 #endif
341 
342 /*
343 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
344 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
345 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
346 ** it.
347 */
348 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
349 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
350 #endif
351 
352 /*
353 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
354 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
355 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
356 **
357 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
358 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
359 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
360 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
361 ** feature.
362 */
363 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
364 # define NDEBUG 1
365 #endif
366 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
367 # undef NDEBUG
368 #endif
369 
370 /*
371 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
372 */
373 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
374 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
375 #endif
376 
377 /*
378 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
379 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
380 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
381 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
382 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
383 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
384 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
385 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
386 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
387 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
388 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
389 **
390 */
391 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
392   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
393 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
394 #else
395 # define testcase(X)
396 #endif
397 
398 /*
399 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
400 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
401 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
402 */
403 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
404 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
405 #else
406 # define TESTONLY(X)
407 #endif
408 
409 /*
410 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
411 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
412 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
413 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
414 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
415 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
416 */
417 #ifndef NDEBUG
418 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
419 #else
420 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
421 #endif
422 
423 /*
424 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
425 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
426 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
427 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
428 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
429 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
430 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
431 **
432 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
433 **
434 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
435 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
436 ** not be counted as untested code.
437 */
438 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
439 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
440 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
441 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
442 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
443 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
444 #else
445 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
446 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
447 #endif
448 
449 /*
450 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
451 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
452 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
453 **
454 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
455 */
456 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
457 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
458 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
459 #else
460 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
461 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
462 #endif
463 
464 /*
465 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
466 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
467 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
468 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
469 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
470 */
471 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
472 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
473 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
474 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
475 #else
476 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
477 #endif
478 
479 /*
480 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
481 */
482 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
483     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
484   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
485 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
486 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
487 #else
488 # define OSTRACE(X)
489 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
490 #endif
491 
492 /*
493 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
494 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
495 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
496 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
497 */
498 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
499     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
500 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
501 #else
502 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
503 #endif
504 
505 /*
506 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
507 */
508 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
509 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
510 #endif
511 
512 /*
513 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
514 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
515 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
516 */
517 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
518 
519 /*
520 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
521 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
522 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
523 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
524 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
525 */
526 #define likely(X)    (X)
527 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
528 
529 #include "hash.h"
530 #include "parse.h"
531 #include <stdio.h>
532 #include <stdlib.h>
533 #include <string.h>
534 #include <assert.h>
535 #include <stddef.h>
536 
537 /*
538 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
539 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
540 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
541 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
542 ** hack only.
543 */
544 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
545 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
546                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
547 #endif
548 
549 /*
550 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
551 ** substitute integer for floating-point
552 */
553 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
554 # define double sqlite_int64
555 # define float sqlite_int64
556 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
557 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
558 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
559 # endif
560 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
561 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
562 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
563 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
564 #endif
565 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
566 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
567 #endif
568 
569 /*
570 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
571 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
572 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
573 */
574 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
575 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
576 #else
577 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
578 #endif
579 
580 /*
581 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
582 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
583 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
584 ** that the library can read.
585 */
586 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
587 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
588 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
589 #endif
590 
591 /*
592 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
593 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
594 */
595 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
596 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
597 #endif
598 
599 /*
600 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
601 ** on the command-line
602 */
603 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
604 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
605 #endif
606 
607 /*
608 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
609 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
610 ** to zero.
611 */
612 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
613 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
614 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
615 #endif
616 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
617 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
618 #endif
619 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
620 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
621 #endif
622 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
623 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
624 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
625 #endif
626 
627 /*
628 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
629 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
630 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
631 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
632 **
633 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
634 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
635 */
636 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
637 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
638 #endif
639 
640 /*
641 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
642 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
643 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
644 */
645 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
646 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
647 #endif
648 
649 /*
650 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
651 ** ourselves.
652 */
653 #ifndef offsetof
654 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
655 #endif
656 
657 /*
658 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
659 */
660 #ifndef MIN
661 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
662 #endif
663 #ifndef MAX
664 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
665 #endif
666 
667 /*
668 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
669 */
670 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
671 
672 /*
673 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
674 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
675 */
676 #if 'A' == '\301'
677 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
678 #else
679 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
680 #endif
681 
682 /*
683 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
684 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
685 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
686 **
687 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
688 */
689 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
690 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
691 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
692 # else
693 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
694 # endif
695 #endif
696 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
697 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
698 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
699 # else
700 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
701 # endif
702 #endif
703 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
704 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
705 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
706 # else
707 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
708 # endif
709 #endif
710 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
711 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
712 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
713 # else
714 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
715 # endif
716 #endif
717 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
718 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
719 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
720 # else
721 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
722 # endif
723 #endif
724 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
725 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
726 #endif
727 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
728 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
729 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
730 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
731 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
732 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
733 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
734 
735 /*
736 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
737 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
738 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
739 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
740 */
741 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
742 
743 /*
744 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
745 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
746 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
747 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
748 */
749 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
750  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
751 #else
752  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
753 #endif
754 
755 /*
756 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
757 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
758 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
759 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
760 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
761 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
762 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
763 **
764 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
765 **
766 ** Examples:
767 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
768 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
769 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
770 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
771 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
772 **
773 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
774 ** Examples:
775 **
776 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
777 */
778 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
779 
780 /*
781 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
782 */
783 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
784 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
785 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
786 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
787        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)
788 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
789 # else
790 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
791 # endif
792 #endif
793 
794 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
795 */
796 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
797   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
798 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
799   typedef u32 uptr;
800 #else
801   typedef u64 uptr;
802 #endif
803 
804 /*
805 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
806 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
807 **
808 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
809 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
810 ** contained within the buffer S.
811 */
812 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
813 
814 
815 /*
816 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
817 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
818 **
819 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
820 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
821 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
822 ** at run-time.
823 */
824 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
825 # if defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
826      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
827      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
828      defined(__arm__)
829 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
830 # elif defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__)
831 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
832 # else
833 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
834 # endif
835 #endif
836 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
837 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
838 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
839 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
840 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
841 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
842 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
843 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
844 #else
845 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
846   const int sqlite3one = 1;
847 # else
848   extern const int sqlite3one;
849 # endif
850 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
851 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
852 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
853 #endif
854 
855 /*
856 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
857 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
858 ** compilers.
859 */
860 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
861 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
862 
863 /*
864 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
865 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
866 */
867 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
868 
869 /*
870 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
871 */
872 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
873 
874 /*
875 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
876 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
877 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
878 **
879 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
880 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
881 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
882 */
883 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
884 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
885 #else
886 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
887 #endif
888 
889 /*
890 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
891 */
892 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
893 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
894 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
895 #endif
896 
897 /*
898 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
899 */
900 #ifdef __APPLE__
901 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
902 #endif
903 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
904 # if defined(__linux__) \
905   || defined(_WIN32) \
906   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
907   || defined(__sun) \
908   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
909   || defined(__DragonFly__)
910 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
911 # else
912 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
913 # endif
914 #endif
915 
916 /*
917 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
918 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
919 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
920 */
921 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
922 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
923 #endif
924 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
925 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
926 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
927 #endif
928 
929 /*
930 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
931 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
932 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
933 */
934 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
935 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
936 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
937 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
938 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
939 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
940 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
941 #endif
942 
943 /*
944 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
945 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
946 */
947 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
948 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
949 #else
950 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
951 #endif
952 
953 /*
954 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
955 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
956 **
957 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
958 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
959 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
960 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
961 */
962 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
963 struct BusyHandler {
964   int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
965   void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
966   int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
967 };
968 
969 /*
970 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
971 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
972 ** user tables and indices.
973 */
974 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
975 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
976 
977 /*
978 ** The root-page of the master database table.
979 */
980 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
981 
982 /*
983 ** The name of the schema table.
984 */
985 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
986 
987 /*
988 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
989 ** an array.
990 */
991 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
992 
993 /*
994 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
995 */
996 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
997 
998 /*
999 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1000 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1001 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1002 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1003 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1004 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1005 */
1006 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
1007 
1008 /*
1009 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1010 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1011 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1012 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1013 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1014 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1015 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1016 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1017 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1018 **
1019 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1020 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1021 */
1022 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1023   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1024   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1025   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1026   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1027   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1028 #else
1029   #define SQLITE_WSD
1030   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1031   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1032 #endif
1033 
1034 /*
1035 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1036 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1037 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1038 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1039 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1040 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1041 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1042 **
1043 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1044 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1045 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1046 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1047 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1048 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1049 */
1050 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1051 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1052 
1053 /*
1054 ** Forward references to structures
1055 */
1056 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1057 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1058 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1059 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1060 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1061 typedef struct Column Column;
1062 typedef struct Db Db;
1063 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1064 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1065 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1066 typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
1067 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1068 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1069 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1070 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1071 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1072 typedef struct Index Index;
1073 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1074 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1075 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1076 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1077 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1078 typedef struct Module Module;
1079 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1080 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1081 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1082 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1083 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1084 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1085 typedef struct Select Select;
1086 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1087 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1088 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1089 typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
1090 typedef struct Table Table;
1091 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1092 typedef struct Token Token;
1093 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1094 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1095 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1096 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1097 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1098 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1099 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1100 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1101 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1102 typedef struct With With;
1103 
1104 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1105 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1106 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1107 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1108 ** just an array of integers.
1109 */
1110 typedef int VList;
1111 
1112 /*
1113 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1114 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1115 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1116 */
1117 #include "btree.h"
1118 #include "vdbe.h"
1119 #include "pager.h"
1120 #include "pcache.h"
1121 #include "os.h"
1122 #include "mutex.h"
1123 
1124 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1125 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1126 */
1127 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1128 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1129 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1130 #endif
1131 
1132 /*
1133 ** Default synchronous levels.
1134 **
1135 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1136 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1137 **
1138 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1139 **   OFF           1                         0
1140 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1141 **   FULL          3                         2
1142 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1143 **
1144 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1145 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1146 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1147 */
1148 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1149 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1150 #endif
1151 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1152 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1153 #endif
1154 
1155 /*
1156 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1157 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1158 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1159 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1160 ** databases may be attached.
1161 */
1162 struct Db {
1163   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1164   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1165   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1166   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1167   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1168 };
1169 
1170 /*
1171 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1172 **
1173 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1174 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1175 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1176 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1177 **
1178 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1179 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1180 ** sqlite3_close().
1181 *
1182 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1183 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1184 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1185 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1186 */
1187 struct Schema {
1188   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1189   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1190   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1191   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1192   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1193   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1194   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1195   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1196   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1197   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1198   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1199 };
1200 
1201 /*
1202 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1203 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1204 */
1205 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1206 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1207 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1208 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1209 
1210 /*
1211 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1212 **
1213 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1214 ** read into internal hash tables.
1215 **
1216 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1217 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1218 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1219 */
1220 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1221 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1222 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1223 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1224 
1225 /*
1226 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1227 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1228 */
1229 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1230 
1231 /*
1232 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1233 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1234 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1235 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1236 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1237 ** SQL statements.
1238 **
1239 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1240 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1241 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1242 ** objects.
1243 **
1244 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1245 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1246 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1247 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1248 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1249 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1250 */
1251 struct Lookaside {
1252   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1253   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1254   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1255   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1256   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1257   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1258   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1259   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1260   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1261 };
1262 struct LookasideSlot {
1263   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1264 };
1265 
1266 /*
1267 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1268 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1269 **
1270 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1271 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.
1272 */
1273 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1274 struct FuncDefHash {
1275   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1276 };
1277 
1278 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1279 /*
1280 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1281 ** to manage user authentication.
1282 */
1283 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1284 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1285   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1286   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1287   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1288   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1289 };
1290 
1291 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1292 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1293 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1294 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1295 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1296 
1297 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1298 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1299 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1300 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1301 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1302 
1303 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1304 
1305 /*
1306 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1307 */
1308 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1309   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1310                                const char*, const char*);
1311 #else
1312   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1313                                const char*);
1314 #endif
1315 
1316 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1317 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1318 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1319 */
1320 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0x80
1321 #else
1322 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0
1323 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1324 
1325 
1326 /*
1327 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1328 */
1329 struct sqlite3 {
1330   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1331   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1332   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1333   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1334   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1335   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1336   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1337   u32 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1338   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1339   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1340   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1341   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1342   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1343   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1344   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1345   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1346   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1347   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1348   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1349   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1350   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1351   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1352   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1353   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1354   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1355   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1356   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1357   u8 skipBtreeMutex;            /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1358   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1359   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1360   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1361   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1362   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1363   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1364   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1365   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1366     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1367     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1368     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1369     u8 orphanTrigger;           /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1370     u8 imposterTable;           /* Building an imposter table */
1371   } init;
1372   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1373   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1374   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1375   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1376   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1377   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1378   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1379   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1380   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1381   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1382   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1383   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1384   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1385   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1386   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1387   void *pUpdateArg;
1388   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1389 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1390   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1391   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1392     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1393   );
1394   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1395 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1396 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1397   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1398   void *pWalArg;
1399 #endif
1400   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1401   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1402   void *pCollNeededArg;
1403   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1404   union {
1405     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1406     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1407   } u1;
1408   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1409 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1410   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1411   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1412 #endif
1413 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1414   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1415   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1416   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1417 #endif
1418 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1419   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1420   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1421   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1422   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1423   VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1424 #endif
1425   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1426   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1427   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1428   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1429   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1430   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1431   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1432   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1433   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1434   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1435   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1436 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1437   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1438   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1439   **
1440   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1441   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1442   **
1443   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1444   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1445   ** held by Y.
1446   */
1447   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1448   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1449   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1450   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1451   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1452 #endif
1453 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1454   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1455 #endif
1456 };
1457 
1458 /*
1459 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1460 */
1461 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1462 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1463 
1464 /*
1465 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1466 **
1467 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1468 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1469 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1470 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1471 */
1472 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1473 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1474 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1475 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1476 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1477 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1478 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1479 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1480                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1481                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1482 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1483                                           /*   result set is empty */
1484 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1485 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1486 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1487 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1488 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1489 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1490 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1491 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1492 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1493 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1494 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1495 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1496 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1497 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1498 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee */
1499 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1500 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1501 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x08000000  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1502 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x10000000  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
1503 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x20000000  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1504 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x40000000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1505 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x80000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1506 #endif
1507 
1508 /*
1509 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1510 */
1511 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1512 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1513 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1514 
1515 /*
1516 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1517 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1518 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1519 */
1520 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1521 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
1522 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1523 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1524 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1525 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
1526 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1527 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
1528 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1529 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
1530 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1531 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1532    /* TH3 expects the Stat34  ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
1533 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1534 
1535 /*
1536 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1537 */
1538 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1539 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1540 
1541 /*
1542 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1543 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1544 */
1545 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1546 
1547 /*
1548 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1549 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1550 ** than being distinct from one another.
1551 */
1552 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1553 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1554 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1555 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1556 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1557 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1558 
1559 /*
1560 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1561 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1562 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1563 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1564 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1565 **
1566 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1567 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1568 */
1569 struct FuncDef {
1570   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1571   u16 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1572   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1573   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1574   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1575   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1576   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1577   union {
1578     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1579     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1580   } u;
1581 };
1582 
1583 /*
1584 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1585 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1586 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1587 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1588 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1589 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1590 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1591 ** FuncDestructor.
1592 **
1593 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1594 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1595 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1596 */
1597 struct FuncDestructor {
1598   int nRef;
1599   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1600   void *pUserData;
1601 };
1602 
1603 /*
1604 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1605 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1606 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1607 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1608 **
1609 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1610 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1611 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1612 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1613 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1614 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1615 */
1616 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1617 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1618 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1619 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1620 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1621 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1622 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1623 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1624 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1625 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1626 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1627 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1628 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1629                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1630 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
1631 
1632 /*
1633 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1634 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1635 **
1636 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1637 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1638 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1639 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1640 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1641 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1642 **
1643 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1644 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1645 **
1646 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1647 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1648 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1649 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1650 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1651 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1652 **
1653 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1654 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1655 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1656 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1657 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1658 **
1659 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1660 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1661 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1662 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1663 **     FUNCTION().
1664 **
1665 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1666 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1667 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1668 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1669 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1670 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1671 **     parameter.
1672 */
1673 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1674   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1675    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1676 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1677   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1678    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1679 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1680   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1681    0, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1682 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1683   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1684    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1685 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1686   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1687    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1688 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1689   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1690    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, }
1691 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1692   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1693    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1694 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
1695   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1696    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1697 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1698   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1699    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1700 
1701 /*
1702 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1703 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1704 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1705 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1706 */
1707 struct Savepoint {
1708   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1709   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1710   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1711   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1712 };
1713 
1714 /*
1715 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1716 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1717 */
1718 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1719 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1720 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1721 
1722 
1723 /*
1724 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1725 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1726 ** hash table.
1727 */
1728 struct Module {
1729   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1730   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1731   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1732   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1733   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1734 };
1735 
1736 /*
1737 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1738 ** of this structure.
1739 */
1740 struct Column {
1741   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1742   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1743   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1744   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1745   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1746   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1747   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1748 };
1749 
1750 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1751 */
1752 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1753 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1754 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
1755 
1756 /*
1757 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1758 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1759 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1760 **
1761 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1762 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1763 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1764 */
1765 struct CollSeq {
1766   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1767   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1768   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1769   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1770   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1771 };
1772 
1773 /*
1774 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1775 */
1776 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1777 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1778 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1779 
1780 /*
1781 ** Column affinity types.
1782 **
1783 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1784 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1785 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1786 **
1787 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1788 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1789 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1790 **
1791 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1792 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1793 */
1794 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1795 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1796 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1797 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1798 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1799 
1800 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1801 
1802 /*
1803 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1804 ** affinity value.
1805 */
1806 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1807 
1808 /*
1809 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1810 ** changing the affinity.
1811 **
1812 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1813 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1814 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1815 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1816 */
1817 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
1818 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1819 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1820 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1821 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1822 
1823 /*
1824 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1825 ** the database schema.
1826 **
1827 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1828 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1829 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1830 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1831 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1832 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1833 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1834 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1835 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1836 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1837 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1838 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1839 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1840 **
1841 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1842 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1843 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1844 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1845 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1846 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1847 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1848 **
1849 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1850 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1851 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1852 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1853 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1854 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1855 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1856 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1857 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1858 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1859 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1860 **
1861 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1862 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1863 ** the first argument.
1864 */
1865 struct VTable {
1866   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1867   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1868   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1869   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1870   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1871   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1872   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1873 };
1874 
1875 /*
1876 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1877 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1878 */
1879 struct Table {
1880   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1881   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1882   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1883   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1884   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1885   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1886   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1887                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1888   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1889   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1890   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
1891   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1892   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1893   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1894   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1895 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1896   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1897 #endif
1898   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1899 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1900   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1901 #endif
1902 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1903   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1904   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1905   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1906 #endif
1907   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1908   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1909   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1910 };
1911 
1912 /*
1913 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1914 **
1915 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1916 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1917 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1918 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1919 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1920 */
1921 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
1922 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
1923 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
1924 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
1925 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
1926 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0020    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
1927 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0040    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
1928 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0080    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
1929 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
1930                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
1931 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0200    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
1932 
1933 /*
1934 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
1935 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
1936 ** table support is omitted from the build.
1937 */
1938 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1939 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
1940 #else
1941 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
1942 #endif
1943 
1944 /*
1945 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
1946 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
1947 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
1948 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
1949 */
1950 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
1951 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1952 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1953 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
1954 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1955 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1956 #else
1957 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
1958 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1959 #endif
1960 
1961 
1962 /* Does the table have a rowid */
1963 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
1964 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
1965 
1966 /*
1967 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
1968 **
1969 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
1970 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
1971 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
1972 ** Consider this example:
1973 **
1974 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
1975 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
1976 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
1977 **     );
1978 **
1979 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
1980 ** Equivalent names:
1981 **
1982 **     from-table == child-table
1983 **       to-table == parent-table
1984 **
1985 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
1986 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
1987 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
1988 **
1989 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
1990 **
1991 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
1992 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
1993 */
1994 struct FKey {
1995   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
1996   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
1997   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
1998   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
1999   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2000   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2001   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2002   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2003   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2004   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2005   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2006     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2007     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2008   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2009 };
2010 
2011 /*
2012 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2013 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2014 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2015 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2016 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2017 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2018 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2019 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2020 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2021 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2022 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2023 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2024 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2025 **
2026 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2027 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2028 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2029 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2030 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2031 ** foreign key.
2032 **
2033 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2034 ** of action to take.
2035 */
2036 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2037 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2038 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2039 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2040 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2041 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2042 
2043 #define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2044 #define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2045 #define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2046 #define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
2047 
2048 #define OE_Default  10  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2049 
2050 
2051 /*
2052 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2053 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2054 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2055 **
2056 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2057 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2058 ** for the rowid at the end.
2059 */
2060 struct KeyInfo {
2061   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2062   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2063   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2064   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2065   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2066   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2067   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2068 };
2069 
2070 /*
2071 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2072 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2073 **
2074 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2075 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2076 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2077 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2078 ** OP_Column opcode.
2079 **
2080 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2081 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2082 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2083 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2084 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2085 **
2086 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2087 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2088 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2089 ** is in DESC order.
2090 **
2091 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2092 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2093 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2094 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2095 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2096 ** find the first match.
2097 **
2098 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2099 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2100 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2101 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2102 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2103 ** b-tree.
2104 */
2105 struct UnpackedRecord {
2106   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2107   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2108   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2109   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2110   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2111   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2112   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2113   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2114 };
2115 
2116 
2117 /*
2118 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2119 ** instance of the following structure.
2120 **
2121 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2122 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2123 ** we have the following table and index:
2124 **
2125 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2126 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2127 **
2128 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2129 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2130 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2131 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2132 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2133 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2134 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2135 **
2136 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2137 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2138 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2139 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2140 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2141 ** element.
2142 **
2143 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2144 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2145 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2146 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2147 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2148 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2149 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2150 */
2151 struct Index {
2152   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2153   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2154   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2155   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2156   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2157   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2158   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2159   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2160   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2161   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2162   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2163   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2164   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2165   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2166   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2167   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2168   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
2169   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2170   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2171   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2172   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2173   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2174   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2175 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
2176   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2177   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2178   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2179   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2180   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2181   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2182 #endif
2183 };
2184 
2185 /*
2186 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2187 */
2188 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2189 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2190 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2191 
2192 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2193 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2194 
2195 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2196 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2197 
2198 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2199 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2200 */
2201 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2202 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2203 
2204 /*
2205 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
2206 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2207 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2208 */
2209 struct IndexSample {
2210   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2211   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2212   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2213   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2214   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2215 };
2216 
2217 /*
2218 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2219 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2220 **
2221 ** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
2222 ** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
2223 ** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
2224 */
2225 struct Token {
2226   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2227   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2228 };
2229 
2230 /*
2231 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2232 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2233 **
2234 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2235 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2236 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2237 ** code for that node.
2238 **
2239 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2240 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2241 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2242 */
2243 struct AggInfo {
2244   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2245                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2246   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2247                           ** than the source table */
2248   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2249   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2250   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2251   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2252   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2253   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2254     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2255     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2256     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2257     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2258     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2259     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2260   } *aCol;
2261   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2262   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2263                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2264                           ** aggregate functions */
2265   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2266     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2267     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2268     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2269     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2270   } *aFunc;
2271   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2272 };
2273 
2274 /*
2275 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2276 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2277 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2278 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2279 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2280 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2281 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2282 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2283 */
2284 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2285 typedef i16 ynVar;
2286 #else
2287 typedef int ynVar;
2288 #endif
2289 
2290 /*
2291 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2292 ** of this structure.
2293 **
2294 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2295 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2296 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2297 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2298 ** tree.
2299 **
2300 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2301 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2302 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2303 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2304 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2305 **
2306 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2307 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2308 **
2309 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2310 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2311 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2312 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2313 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2314 ** valid.
2315 **
2316 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2317 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2318 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2319 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2320 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2321 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2322 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2323 **
2324 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2325 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2326 ** number for that variable.
2327 **
2328 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2329 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2330 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2331 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2332 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2333 **
2334 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2335 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2336 ** corresponding table definition.
2337 **
2338 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2339 **
2340 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2341 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2342 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2343 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2344 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2345 **
2346 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2347 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2348 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2349 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2350 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2351 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2352 */
2353 struct Expr {
2354   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2355   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2356   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2357   union {
2358     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2359     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2360   } u;
2361 
2362   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2363   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2364   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2365   *********************************************************************/
2366 
2367   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2368   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2369   union {
2370     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2371     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2372   } x;
2373 
2374   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2375   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2376   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2377   *********************************************************************/
2378 
2379 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2380   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2381 #endif
2382   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2383                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2384                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2385                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2386                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2387   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2388                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2389                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2390   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2391   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2392   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2393                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2394                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2395   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2396   Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions.  Can be NULL
2397                          ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2398 };
2399 
2400 /*
2401 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2402 */
2403 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2404 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2405 #define EP_HasFunc   0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2406                   /* 0x000008 // available for use */
2407 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2408 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2409 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2410 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2411 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2412 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2413 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2414 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2415 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2416 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2417 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2418 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2419 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2420 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2421 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2422 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2423 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2424 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2425 #define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2426 #define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2427 
2428 /*
2429 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2430 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2431 */
2432 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2433 
2434 /*
2435 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2436 ** Expr.flags field.
2437 */
2438 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2439 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2440 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2441 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2442 
2443 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2444 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2445 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2446 */
2447 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2448 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2449 #else
2450 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2451 #endif
2452 
2453 /*
2454 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2455 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2456 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2457 */
2458 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2459 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2460 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2461 
2462 /*
2463 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2464 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2465 */
2466 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2467 
2468 /*
2469 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2470 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2471 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2472 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2473 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2474 ** field is not used.
2475 **
2476 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2477 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2478 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2479 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2480 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2481 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2482 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2483 */
2484 struct ExprList {
2485   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2486   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2487     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2488     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2489     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2490     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2491     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2492     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2493     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2494     union {
2495       struct {
2496         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2497         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2498       } x;
2499       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2500     } u;
2501   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2502 };
2503 
2504 /*
2505 ** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
2506 ** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
2507 ** expression.
2508 */
2509 struct ExprSpan {
2510   Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
2511   const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
2512   const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
2513 };
2514 
2515 /*
2516 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2517 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2518 **
2519 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2520 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2521 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2522 **
2523 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2524 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2525 **
2526 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2527 **
2528 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2529 */
2530 struct IdList {
2531   struct IdList_item {
2532     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2533     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2534   } *a;
2535   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2536 };
2537 
2538 /*
2539 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
2540 **
2541 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
2542 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
2543 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
2544 */
2545 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
2546   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
2547 #else
2548   typedef u64 Bitmask;
2549 #endif
2550 
2551 /*
2552 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
2553 */
2554 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
2555 
2556 /*
2557 ** A bit in a Bitmask
2558 */
2559 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
2560 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
2561 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
2562 
2563 /*
2564 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2565 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2566 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2567 **
2568 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2569 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2570 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2571 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2572 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2573 **
2574 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2575 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2576 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2577 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2578 **
2579 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2580 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2581 */
2582 struct SrcList {
2583   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2584   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2585   struct SrcList_item {
2586     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2587     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2588     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2589     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2590     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2591     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2592     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2593     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2594     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2595     struct {
2596       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2597       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2598       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2599       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2600       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2601       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2602       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2603     } fg;
2604 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2605     u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
2606 #endif
2607     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2608     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2609     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2610     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2611     union {
2612       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2613       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2614     } u1;
2615     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2616   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2617 };
2618 
2619 /*
2620 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2621 */
2622 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2623 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2624 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2625 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2626 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2627 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2628 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2629 
2630 
2631 /*
2632 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2633 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2634 **
2635 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2636 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2637 */
2638 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2639 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2640 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2641 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2642 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2643 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2644 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2645                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2646 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2647 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2648 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2649 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2650 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2651 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2652 #define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
2653                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2654 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2655                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2656 
2657 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2658 */
2659 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2660 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2661 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2662 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2663 
2664 /*
2665 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2666 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2667 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2668 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2669 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2670 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2671 ** other statements.
2672 **
2673 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2674 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2675 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2676 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2677 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2678 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2679 **
2680 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2681 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2682 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2683 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2684 */
2685 struct NameContext {
2686   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2687   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2688   ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2689   AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2690   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2691   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2692   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2693   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2694 };
2695 
2696 /*
2697 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2698 **
2699 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2700 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg
2701 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2702 **
2703 */
2704 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2705 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2706 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2707 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2708 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2709 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2710 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2711 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2712 #define NC_Complex   0x2000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
2713 
2714 /*
2715 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2716 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2717 **
2718 ** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
2719 ** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
2720 ** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
2721 ** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
2722 ** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
2723 **
2724 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2725 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2726 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2727 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2728 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2729 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2730 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2731 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2732 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2733 */
2734 struct Select {
2735   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2736   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2737   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2738   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2739   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2740 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2741   char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
2742 #endif
2743   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2744   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2745   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2746   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2747   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2748   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2749   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2750   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2751   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2752   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2753 };
2754 
2755 /*
2756 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2757 ** "Select Flag".
2758 **
2759 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2760 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2761 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2762 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2763 */
2764 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2765 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2766 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2767 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2768 #define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2769 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2770 #define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2771 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2772 #define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
2773 #define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2774 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2775 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2776 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2777 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2778 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2779 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2780 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2781 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2782 #define SF_ComplexResult  0x40000  /* Result set contains subquery or function */
2783 
2784 
2785 /*
2786 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2787 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2788 ** Type".
2789 **
2790 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2791 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2792 **
2793 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2794 **
2795 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2796 **                     set is not empty.
2797 **
2798 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2799 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2800 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2801 **
2802 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2803 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2804 **
2805 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2806 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2807 **
2808 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2809 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2810 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2811 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2812 **
2813 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2814 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2815 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2816 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2817 **
2818 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2819 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2820 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2821 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2822 **                     the table first.
2823 **
2824 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2825 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2826 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2827 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2828 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2829 **
2830 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2831 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2832 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2833 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2834 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2835 **
2836 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2837 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2838 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2839 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2840 **
2841 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2842 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2843 **                     are distinct.
2844 **
2845 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2846 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2847 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2848 */
2849 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2850 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2851 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2852 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2853 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2854 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2855 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2856 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2857 
2858 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2859 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2860 
2861 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2862 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2863 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2864 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2865 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2866 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2867 
2868 /*
2869 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2870 ** a SELECT statement.
2871 */
2872 struct SelectDest {
2873   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2874   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2875   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2876   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2877   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2878   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2879 };
2880 
2881 /*
2882 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2883 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2884 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2885 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2886 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
2887 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2888 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2889 */
2890 struct AutoincInfo {
2891   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2892   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2893   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2894   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2895 };
2896 
2897 /*
2898 ** Size of the column cache
2899 */
2900 #ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
2901 # define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
2902 #endif
2903 
2904 /*
2905 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2906 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2907 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
2908 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
2909 ** completed.
2910 **
2911 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
2912 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
2913 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
2914 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
2915 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
2916 **
2917 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
2918 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
2919 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
2920 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
2921 */
2922 struct TriggerPrg {
2923   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
2924   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
2925   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
2926   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
2927   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
2928 };
2929 
2930 /*
2931 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
2932 */
2933 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
2934   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
2935 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
2936 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
2937 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
2938 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
2939 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
2940 #else
2941   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
2942 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
2943 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
2944 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
2945 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
2946 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
2947 #endif
2948 
2949 /*
2950 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
2951 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
2952 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
2953 **
2954 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
2955 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
2956 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
2957 ** each recursion.
2958 **
2959 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
2960 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
2961 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
2962 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
2963 ** list.
2964 */
2965 struct Parse {
2966   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
2967   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
2968   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
2969   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
2970   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
2971   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
2972   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
2973   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
2974   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
2975   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
2976   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2977   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
2978   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
2979   u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in aColCache[] */
2980   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
2981   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
2982   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
2983   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
2984   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
2985   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2986   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2987   int iSelfTab;        /* Table for associated with an index on expr, or negative
2988                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
2989   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
2990   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
2991   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
2992   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
2993   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
2994   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
2995   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
2996   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
2997   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
2998   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
2999   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3000 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3001   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
3002   int nSelectIndent;   /* How far to indent SELECTTRACE() output */
3003 #endif
3004 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3005   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3006   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3007 #endif
3008   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3009   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3010   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3011   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
3012   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3013   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3014   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3015   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3016   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3017   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3018 
3019   /**************************************************************************
3020   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3021   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3022   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3023   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aColCache).
3024   **************************************************************************/
3025 
3026   struct yColCache {
3027     int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
3028     i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
3029     u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
3030     int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
3031     int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
3032     int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
3033   } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
3034   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3035   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3036 
3037   /************************************************************************
3038   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3039   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3040   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3041   ** first field in the recursive region.
3042   ************************************************************************/
3043 
3044   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3045   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3046   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3047   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3048 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3049   u8 declareVtab;           /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
3050   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3051 #endif
3052   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3053 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3054   int iSelectId;            /* ID of current select for EXPLAIN output */
3055   int iNextSelectId;        /* Next available select ID for EXPLAIN output */
3056 #endif
3057   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3058   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3059   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3060   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3061   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3062   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3063 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3064   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3065   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3066 #endif
3067   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3068   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3069   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3070   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3071 };
3072 
3073 /*
3074 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3075 */
3076 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aColCache) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3077 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3078 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3079 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3080 
3081 /*
3082 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3083 */
3084 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3085   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3086 #else
3087   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
3088 #endif
3089 
3090 /*
3091 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3092 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3093 */
3094 struct AuthContext {
3095   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3096   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3097 };
3098 
3099 /*
3100 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3101 **
3102 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3103 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3104 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3105 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3106 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3107 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3108 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3109 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3110 */
3111 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3112                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3113 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3114 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3115 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3116 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3117 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3118 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3119 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3120 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3121 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3122 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3123 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3124 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3125 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3126 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3127 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3128 
3129 /*
3130  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3131  * struct Trigger.
3132  *
3133  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3134  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3135  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3136  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3137  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3138  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3139  *    struct Table.
3140  *
3141  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3142  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3143  */
3144 struct Trigger {
3145   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3146   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3147   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3148   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3149   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3150   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3151                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3152   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3153   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3154   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3155   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3156 };
3157 
3158 /*
3159 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3160 ** determine which.
3161 **
3162 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3163 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3164 */
3165 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3166 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3167 
3168 /*
3169  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3170  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3171  *
3172  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3173  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3174  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3175  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3176  *
3177  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3178  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3179  * value of "op" as follows:
3180  *
3181  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3182  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3183  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3184  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3185  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3186  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3187  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3188  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3189  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3190  *              inserted into.
3191  *
3192  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3193  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3194  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3195  *              Otherwise NULL.
3196  *
3197  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3198  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3199  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3200  *              Otherwise NULL.
3201  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3202  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3203  *              argument.
3204  *
3205  */
3206 struct TriggerStep {
3207   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3208   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3209   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3210   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3211   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3212   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3213   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
3214   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3215   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3216   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3217 };
3218 
3219 /*
3220 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3221 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3222 ** explicit.
3223 */
3224 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3225 struct DbFixer {
3226   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3227   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3228   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3229   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3230   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3231   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3232 };
3233 
3234 /*
3235 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3236 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3237 */
3238 struct StrAccum {
3239   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3240   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3241   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3242   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3243   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3244   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
3245   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3246 };
3247 #define STRACCUM_NOMEM   1
3248 #define STRACCUM_TOOBIG  2
3249 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3250 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3251 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3252 
3253 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3254 
3255 
3256 /*
3257 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3258 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3259 */
3260 typedef struct {
3261   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3262   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3263   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3264   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3265 } InitData;
3266 
3267 /*
3268 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3269 **
3270 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3271 */
3272 struct Sqlite3Config {
3273   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3274   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
3275   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
3276   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3277   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3278   int bSmallMalloc;                 /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3279   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3280   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3281   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3282   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3283   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3284   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3285   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3286   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3287   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3288   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3289   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3290   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3291   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3292   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3293   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3294   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3295   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3296   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3297   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3298   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3299   ** initially be zero, however. */
3300   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3301   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3302   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3303   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3304   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3305   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3306   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3307   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3308   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3309 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3310   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3311   void *pSqllogArg;
3312 #endif
3313 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3314   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3315   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3316   */
3317   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,int iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3318   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3319 #endif
3320 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3321   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3322 #endif
3323   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3324   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3325 };
3326 
3327 /*
3328 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3329 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3330 **
3331 **     assert( X );
3332 **
3333 ** One writes:
3334 **
3335 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3336 **
3337 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3338 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3339 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3340 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3341 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3342 */
3343 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3344 
3345 /*
3346 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3347 */
3348 struct Walker {
3349   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3350   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3351   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3352   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3353   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3354   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3355   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3356     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3357     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3358     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3359     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3360     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3361     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3362     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3363     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3364     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert indexed expr to column */
3365     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3366     struct HavingToWhereCtx *pHavingCtx;      /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3367   } u;
3368 };
3369 
3370 /* Forward declarations */
3371 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3372 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3373 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3374 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3375 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3376 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3377 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3378 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3379 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3380 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3381 #endif
3382 
3383 /*
3384 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3385 ** callbacks.
3386 */
3387 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3388 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3389 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3390 
3391 /*
3392 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3393 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3394 */
3395 struct With {
3396   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3397   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3398   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3399     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3400     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3401     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3402     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3403   } a[1];
3404 };
3405 
3406 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3407 /*
3408 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3409 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3410 */
3411 struct TreeView {
3412   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3413   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3414 };
3415 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3416 
3417 /*
3418 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3419 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3420 */
3421 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3422   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3423     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3424   }                                                    \
3425 }
3426 
3427 /*
3428 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3429 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3430 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3431 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3432 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3433 */
3434 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
3435 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3436 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3437 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3438 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3439 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3440 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3441 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3442   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3443   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3444   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
3445 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3446 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3447 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
3448 #else
3449 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3450 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3451 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3452 #endif
3453 
3454 /*
3455 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3456 */
3457 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3458 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3459 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3460 #endif
3461 
3462 /*
3463 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3464 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3465 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3466 */
3467 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3468 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3469 #endif
3470 
3471 /*
3472 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3473 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3474 */
3475 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3476     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3477 # include <ctype.h>
3478 #endif
3479 
3480 /*
3481 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3482 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3483 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3484 */
3485 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3486 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3487 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3488 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3489 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3490 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3491 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3492 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3493 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3494 #else
3495 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3496 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3497 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3498 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3499 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3500 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3501 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3502 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3503 #endif
3504 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
3505 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3506 #endif
3507 
3508 /*
3509 ** Internal function prototypes
3510 */
3511 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3512 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3513 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3514 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3515 
3516 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3517 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3518 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3519 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3520 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3521 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3522 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3523 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3524 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3525 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3526 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3527 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3528 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3529 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
3530 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3531 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3532 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3533 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3534 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3535 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3536 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3537 #endif
3538 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3539 
3540 /*
3541 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3542 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3543 ** obtain space from malloc().
3544 **
3545 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3546 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3547 */
3548 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3549 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3550 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3551 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3552 #else
3553 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3554 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3555 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3556 #endif
3557 
3558 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3559 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3560 */
3561 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3562 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3563 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3564 #endif
3565 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3566 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3567 #endif
3568 
3569 
3570 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3571   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3572   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3573   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3574   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3575   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3576 #endif
3577 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3578   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3579 #else
3580 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3581 #endif
3582 
3583 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3584 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3585 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3586 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3587 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
3588 
3589 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3590 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3591 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3592 
3593 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
3594 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
3595 #else
3596 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
3597 #endif
3598 
3599 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3600   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3601 #else
3602 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3603 #endif
3604 
3605 /*
3606 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3607 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3608 */
3609 struct PrintfArguments {
3610   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3611   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3612   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3613 };
3614 
3615 void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, va_list);
3616 void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, ...);
3617 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3618 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3619 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3620   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3621 #endif
3622 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3623   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3624 #endif
3625 
3626 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3627   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3628   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
3629   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3630   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3631   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3632 #endif
3633 
3634 
3635 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3636 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3637 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3638 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3639 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3640 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3641 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3642 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3643 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3644 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3645 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3646 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3647 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3648 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3649 #endif
3650 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3651 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3652 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3653 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
3654 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3655 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3656 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
3657 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
3658 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3659 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3660 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
3661 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
3662 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3663 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
3664 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3665 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3666 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3667 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3668 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3669 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3670 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
3671 #endif
3672 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3673 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3674 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3675 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3676 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3677 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3678 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*);
3679 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3680 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3681 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3682 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3683 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3684 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3685   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3686 #else
3687 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3688 #endif
3689 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3690 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3691 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3692 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3693 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
3694 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3695 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3696 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3697                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3698 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3699 
3700 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3701 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3702 #else
3703   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3704 #endif
3705 
3706 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3707 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3708 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3709 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3710 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3711 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3712 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3713 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3714 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3715 #endif
3716 
3717 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
3718 void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
3719 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3720 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3721 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3722 
3723 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3724 
3725 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3726   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3727 #else
3728 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3729 #endif
3730 
3731 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3732   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3733 #endif
3734 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3735 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3736 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3737 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3738   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3739   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3740 #else
3741 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3742 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3743 #endif
3744 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
3745 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3746 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
3747 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3748 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
3749 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3750 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3751                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3752 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3753 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3754 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3755 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3756 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3757 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3758 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3759 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3760 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3761                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
3762 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3763 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3764 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3765                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
3766 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3767 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3768 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3769 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3770 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3771 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
3772 #endif
3773 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
3774 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*);
3775 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3776 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3777 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3778 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3779 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3780 int sqlite3WhereOrderedInnerLoop(WhereInfo*);
3781 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3782 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3783 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3784 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3785 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
3786 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
3787 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
3788 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
3789 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3790 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
3791 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3792 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3793 void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
3794 void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
3795 void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
3796 void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
3797 void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
3798 void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
3799 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3800 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3801 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3802 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3803 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3804 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3805 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3806 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
3807 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3808 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3809 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3810 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3811 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3812 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3813 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3814 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3815 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
3816 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
3817 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
3818 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
3819 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3820 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3821 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3822 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*);
3823 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int);
3824 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
3825 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
3826 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3827 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
3828 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
3829 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
3830 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
3831 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
3832 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
3833 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
3834 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3835 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
3836 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
3837 #endif
3838 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
3839 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
3840 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
3841 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
3842 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
3843 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
3844 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
3845 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
3846 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
3847 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
3848 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
3849 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
3850 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
3851 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
3852 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
3853 #endif
3854 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
3855 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
3856 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
3857 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
3858 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
3859     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
3860 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3861 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
3862 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
3863 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
3864                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*);
3865 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
3866   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
3867 #else
3868 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
3869 #endif
3870 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
3871 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
3872 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
3873 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
3874 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
3875 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
3876 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
3877 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
3878 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
3879 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
3880 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
3881 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
3882 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
3883 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3884 void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
3885 #else
3886 # define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
3887 #endif
3888 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
3889 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
3890 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
3891 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
3892 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
3893 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
3894 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
3895 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
3896 
3897 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3898 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
3899 #endif
3900 
3901 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
3902   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
3903                            Expr*,int, int);
3904   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
3905   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3906   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
3907   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
3908   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
3909   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
3910                             int, int, int);
3911   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
3912   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
3913   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
3914   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
3915   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
3916                                         Select*,u8);
3917   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
3918   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
3919   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
3920   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3921   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
3922 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
3923 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
3924 #else
3925 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
3926 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
3927 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
3928 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
3929 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
3930 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
3931 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
3932 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
3933 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
3934 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
3935 #endif
3936 
3937 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
3938 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
3939 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
3940 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
3941   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
3942   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3943   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
3944   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
3945   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
3946 #else
3947 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
3948 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
3949 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
3950 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
3951 #endif
3952 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
3953 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
3954 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
3955 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
3956 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
3957 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
3958 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
3959 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
3960 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
3961 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
3962 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
3963 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
3964 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
3965 #endif
3966 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
3967 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
3968 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
3969 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
3970 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3971 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
3972 #endif
3973 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
3974     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
3975     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
3976 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
3977 #endif
3978 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
3979 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
3980 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
3981 
3982 /*
3983 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
3984 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
3985 ** file.
3986 */
3987 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
3988 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
3989 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
3990 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
3991 
3992 /*
3993 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
3994 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
3995 ** the procedure for larger varints.
3996 */
3997 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
3998   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
3999 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4000   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4001   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4002 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4003 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4004 
4005 
4006 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4007 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4008 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4009 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4010 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4011 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
4012 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4013 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4014 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4015 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4016 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4017 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4018 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4019 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4020 
4021 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4022 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4023 #endif
4024 
4025 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4026 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4027 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4028 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4029 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4030 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4031 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
4032 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4033 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4034 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4035 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4036 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
4037 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
4038 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4039 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4040 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4041 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4042 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4043 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4044 #else
4045 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4046 #endif
4047 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4048 
4049 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4050 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4051 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4052                         void(*)(void*));
4053 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4054 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4055 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4056 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4057 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4058 #endif
4059 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4060 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4061 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4062 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4063 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4064 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4065 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4066 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
4067 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4068 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4069 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4070 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4071 #endif
4072 #endif
4073 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
4074 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4075 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4076 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4077 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4078 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4079 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
4080 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr *, int, int);
4081 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4082 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4083 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4084 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4085 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4086 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4087 void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4088 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4089 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4090 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4091 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4092 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4093 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, u8*);
4094 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4095 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4096 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4097 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4098 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4099 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4100 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4101 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4102 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4103 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4104 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4105 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4106 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4107 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4108 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4109 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4110 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4111 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4112 #endif
4113 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4114   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4115   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4116   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4117 );
4118 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4119 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4120 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4121 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4122 
4123 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4124 void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
4125 void sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(StrAccum*,const char*);
4126 void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum*,int,char);
4127 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4128 void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
4129 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4130 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4131 
4132 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4133 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4134 
4135 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4136 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4137 #else
4138 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4139 #endif
4140 
4141 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
4142 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
4143 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4144     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4145 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4146 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4147 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4148 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4149 #endif
4150 
4151 /*
4152 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4153 */
4154 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4155   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64));
4156   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4157 #endif
4158 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
4159 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4160   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4161 #endif
4162 
4163 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4164 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4165   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4166 #else
4167 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4168 #endif
4169 
4170 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4171   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4172 #else
4173   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4174 #endif
4175 
4176 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4177   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4178 #endif
4179 
4180 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4181 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4182 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4183 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4184 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4185 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4186 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4187 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4188 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4189 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4190 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4191 #else
4192    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4193    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4194    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4195    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4196    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4197    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4198    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4199    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4200    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4201    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4202    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4203    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4204      sqlite3*,
4205      const char*,
4206      const sqlite3_module*,
4207      void*,
4208      void(*)(void*)
4209    );
4210 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4211 #endif
4212 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4213 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4214 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4215 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4216 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4217 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4218 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4219 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4220 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4221 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4222 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4223 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4224 void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
4225 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4226 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4227 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4228 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4229 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4230 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4231 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4232 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4233 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4234 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4235   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4236   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4237 #endif
4238 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4239   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4240   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4241   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4242 #else
4243 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4244 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4245 #endif
4246 
4247 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4248 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4249 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4250 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4251 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4252 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4253 */
4254 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4255   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4256   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4257   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4258   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4259   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4260   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4261 #else
4262   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4263   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4264   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4265   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4266   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4267   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4268 #endif
4269 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4270   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4271   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4272 #else
4273   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4274   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4275 #endif
4276 
4277 
4278 /*
4279 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4280 */
4281 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4282 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4283 
4284 /*
4285 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4286 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4287 ** is not defined.
4288 */
4289 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4290   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4291   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4292 #else
4293   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4294   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4295 #endif
4296 
4297 /*
4298 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4299 */
4300 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4301 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4302 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4303 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4304 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4305 /*
4306 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4307 */
4308 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4309 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4310 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4311 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*);
4312 
4313 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4314 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4315 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
4316  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
4317   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4318 #endif
4319 
4320 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4321 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4322 
4323 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4324 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4325   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4326   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4327 #else
4328   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4329   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4330 #endif
4331 
4332 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4333 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4334 
4335 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4336   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4337   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4338   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4339 #else
4340   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4341   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4342   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4343 #endif
4344 
4345 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4346   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4347 #endif
4348 
4349 /*
4350 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4351 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4352 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4353 */
4354 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4355 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4356   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4357 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4358 #else
4359 # define IOTRACE(A)
4360 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4361 #endif
4362 
4363 /*
4364 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4365 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4366 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4367 **
4368 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4369 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4370 ** a single bit set.
4371 **
4372 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4373 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4374 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4375 **
4376 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4377 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4378 **
4379 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4380 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4381 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4382 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4383 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4384 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4385 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4386 ** this constraint.
4387 **
4388 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4389 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4390 */
4391 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4392   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4393   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4394   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4395 #else
4396 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4397 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4398 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4399 #endif
4400 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4401 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4402 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
4403 
4404 /*
4405 ** Threading interface
4406 */
4407 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4408 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4409 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4410 #endif
4411 
4412 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4413 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
4414 #endif
4415 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4416 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4417 #endif
4418 
4419 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4420 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4421 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4422 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4423 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4424 
4425 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
4426 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
4427 #endif
4428 
4429 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4430