xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision c5861ce8)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /* Needed for various definitions... */
123 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
124 # define _GNU_SOURCE
125 #endif
126 
127 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
128 # define _BSD_SOURCE
129 #endif
130 
131 /*
132 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
133 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
134 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
135 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
136 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
137 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
138 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
139 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
140 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
141 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
142 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
143 ** disabled.
144 */
145 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
146 # include "mingw.h"
147 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
148 # include "_mingw.h"
149 #endif
150 
151 /*
152 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
153 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
154 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
155 */
156 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
157     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
158     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
159     defined(__MSVCRT__)
160 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
161 #endif
162 
163 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
164 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
165 ** MinGW.
166 */
167 #include "sqlite3.h"
168 
169 /*
170 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
171 ** autoconf-based build
172 */
173 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
174 #include "config.h"
175 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
176 #endif
177 
178 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
179 
180 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
181 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
182 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
183 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
184 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
185 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
186 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190 ** Include standard header files as necessary
191 */
192 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
193 #include <stdint.h>
194 #endif
195 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
196 #include <inttypes.h>
197 #endif
198 
199 /*
200 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
201 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
202 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
203 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
204 **
205 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
206 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
207 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
208 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
209 **
210 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
211 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
212 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
213 ** compiler.
214 */
215 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
216 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
217 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
218 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
219 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
220 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
221 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
222 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
223 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
224 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
225 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
226 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
227 #endif
228 
229 /*
230 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
231 ** inlined.
232 */
233 #if defined(__GNUC__)
234 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
235 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
236 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
237 #else
238 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
239 #endif
240 
241 /*
242 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
243 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
244 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
245 */
246 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
247 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
248 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
249 #      include <intrin.h>
250 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
251 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
252 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
253 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
254 #    else
255 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
256 #    endif
257 #  endif
258 #endif
259 
260 /*
261 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
262 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
263 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
264 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
265 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
266 ** database connection at the same time.
267 **
268 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
269 ** We support that for legacy.
270 **
271 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
272 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
273 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
274 ** also be updated there.
275 */
276 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
277 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
278 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
279 # else
280 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
281 # endif
282 #endif
283 
284 /*
285 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
286 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
287 */
288 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
289 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
290 #endif
291 
292 /*
293 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
294 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
295 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
296 */
297 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
298 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
299 #endif
300 
301 /*
302 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
303 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
304 **
305 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
306 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
307 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
308 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
309 **
310 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
311 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
312 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
313 ** assertion will be triggered.
314 **
315 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
316 ** the default.
317 */
318 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
319   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
320   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
322 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
323  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
324  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
325  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
326 #endif
327 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
328   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
329   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
330   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
331 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
336 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
337 */
338 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
339 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
340 #endif
341 
342 /*
343 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
344 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
345 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
346 ** it.
347 */
348 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
349 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
350 #endif
351 
352 /*
353 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
354 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
355 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
356 **
357 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
358 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
359 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
360 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
361 ** feature.
362 */
363 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
364 # define NDEBUG 1
365 #endif
366 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
367 # undef NDEBUG
368 #endif
369 
370 /* SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE is synomous with SQLITE_DEBUG.  The
371 ** SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE symbol only exists to provide a convenient
372 ** way to search for all code that deals with verifying correct behavior
373 ** of the column cache.
374 */
375 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
376 # define SQLITE_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE 1
377 #else
378 # undef SQLIT_DEBUG_COLUMNCACHE
379 #endif
380 
381 /*
382 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
383 */
384 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
385 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
386 #endif
387 
388 /*
389 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
390 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
391 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
392 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
393 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
394 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
395 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
396 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
397 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
398 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
399 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
400 **
401 */
402 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
403   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
404 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
405 #else
406 # define testcase(X)
407 #endif
408 
409 /*
410 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
411 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
412 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
413 */
414 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
415 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
416 #else
417 # define TESTONLY(X)
418 #endif
419 
420 /*
421 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
422 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
423 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
424 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
425 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
426 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
427 */
428 #ifndef NDEBUG
429 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
430 #else
431 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
432 #endif
433 
434 /*
435 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
436 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
437 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
438 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
439 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
440 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
441 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
442 **
443 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
444 **
445 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
446 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
447 ** not be counted as untested code.
448 */
449 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
450 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
451 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
452 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
453 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
454 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
455 #else
456 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
457 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
458 #endif
459 
460 /*
461 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
462 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
463 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
464 **
465 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
466 */
467 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
468 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
469 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
470 #else
471 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
472 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
473 #endif
474 
475 /*
476 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
477 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
478 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
479 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
480 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
481 */
482 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
483 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
484 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
485 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
486 #else
487 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
488 #endif
489 
490 /*
491 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
492 */
493 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
494     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
495   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
496 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
497 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
498 #else
499 # define OSTRACE(X)
500 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
501 #endif
502 
503 /*
504 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
505 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
506 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
507 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
508 */
509 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
510     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
511 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
512 #else
513 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
514 #endif
515 
516 /*
517 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
518 */
519 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
520 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
521 #endif
522 
523 /*
524 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
525 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
526 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
527 */
528 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
529 
530 /*
531 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
532 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
533 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
534 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
535 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
536 */
537 #define likely(X)    (X)
538 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
539 
540 #include "hash.h"
541 #include "parse.h"
542 #include <stdio.h>
543 #include <stdlib.h>
544 #include <string.h>
545 #include <assert.h>
546 #include <stddef.h>
547 
548 /*
549 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
550 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
551 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
552 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
553 ** hack only.
554 */
555 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
556 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
557                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
558 #endif
559 
560 /*
561 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
562 ** substitute integer for floating-point
563 */
564 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
565 # define double sqlite_int64
566 # define float sqlite_int64
567 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
568 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
569 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
570 # endif
571 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
572 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
573 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
574 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
575 #endif
576 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
577 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
578 #endif
579 
580 /*
581 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
582 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
583 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
584 */
585 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
586 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
587 #else
588 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
589 #endif
590 
591 /*
592 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
593 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
594 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
595 ** that the library can read.
596 */
597 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
598 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
599 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
600 #endif
601 
602 /*
603 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
604 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
605 */
606 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
607 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
608 #endif
609 
610 /*
611 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
612 ** on the command-line
613 */
614 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
615 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
616 #endif
617 
618 /*
619 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
620 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
621 ** to zero.
622 */
623 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
624 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
625 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
626 #endif
627 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
628 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
629 #endif
630 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
631 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
632 #endif
633 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
634 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
635 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
636 #endif
637 
638 /*
639 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
640 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
641 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
642 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
643 **
644 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
645 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
646 */
647 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
648 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
649 #endif
650 
651 /*
652 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
653 */
654 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
655 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
656 #endif
657 
658 /*
659 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
660 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
661 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
662 */
663 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
664 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
665 #endif
666 
667 /*
668 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
669 ** ourselves.
670 */
671 #ifndef offsetof
672 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
673 #endif
674 
675 /*
676 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
677 */
678 #ifndef MIN
679 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
680 #endif
681 #ifndef MAX
682 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
683 #endif
684 
685 /*
686 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
687 */
688 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
689 
690 /*
691 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
692 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
693 */
694 #if 'A' == '\301'
695 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
696 #else
697 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
698 #endif
699 
700 /*
701 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
702 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
703 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
704 **
705 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
706 */
707 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
708 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
709 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
710 # else
711 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
712 # endif
713 #endif
714 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
715 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
716 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
717 # else
718 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
719 # endif
720 #endif
721 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
722 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
723 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
724 # else
725 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
726 # endif
727 #endif
728 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
729 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
730 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
731 # else
732 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
733 # endif
734 #endif
735 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
736 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
737 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
738 # else
739 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
740 # endif
741 #endif
742 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
743 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
744 #endif
745 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
746 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
747 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
748 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
749 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
750 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
751 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
752 
753 /*
754 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
755 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
756 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
757 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
758 */
759 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
760 
761 /*
762 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
763 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
764 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
765 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
766 */
767 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
768  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
769 #else
770  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
771 #endif
772 
773 /*
774 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
775 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
776 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
777 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
778 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
779 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
780 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
781 **
782 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
783 **
784 ** Examples:
785 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
786 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
787 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
788 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
789 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
790 **
791 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
792 ** Examples:
793 **
794 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
795 */
796 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
797 
798 /*
799 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
800 */
801 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
802 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
803 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
804 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
805        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)
806 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
807 # else
808 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
809 # endif
810 #endif
811 
812 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
813 */
814 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
815   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
816 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
817   typedef u32 uptr;
818 #else
819   typedef u64 uptr;
820 #endif
821 
822 /*
823 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
824 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
825 **
826 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
827 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
828 ** contained within the buffer S.
829 */
830 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
831 
832 
833 /*
834 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
835 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
836 **
837 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
838 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
839 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
840 ** at run-time.
841 */
842 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
843 # if defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
844      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
845      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
846      defined(__arm__)
847 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
848 # elif defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__)
849 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
850 # else
851 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
852 # endif
853 #endif
854 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
855 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
856 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
857 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
858 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
859 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
860 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
861 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
862 #else
863 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
864   const int sqlite3one = 1;
865 # else
866   extern const int sqlite3one;
867 # endif
868 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
869 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
870 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
871 #endif
872 
873 /*
874 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
875 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
876 ** compilers.
877 */
878 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
879 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
880 
881 /*
882 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
883 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
884 */
885 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
886 
887 /*
888 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
889 */
890 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
891 
892 /*
893 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
894 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
895 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
896 **
897 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
898 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
899 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
900 */
901 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
902 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
903 #else
904 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
905 #endif
906 
907 /*
908 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
909 */
910 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
911 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
912 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
913 #endif
914 
915 /*
916 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
917 */
918 #ifdef __APPLE__
919 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
920 #endif
921 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
922 # if defined(__linux__) \
923   || defined(_WIN32) \
924   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
925   || defined(__sun) \
926   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
927   || defined(__DragonFly__)
928 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
929 # else
930 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
931 # endif
932 #endif
933 
934 /*
935 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
936 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
937 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
938 */
939 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
940 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
941 #endif
942 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
943 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
944 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
945 #endif
946 
947 /*
948 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
949 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
950 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
951 */
952 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
953 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
954 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
955 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
956 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
957 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
958 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
959 #endif
960 
961 /*
962 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
963 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
964 */
965 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
966 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
967 #else
968 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
969 #endif
970 
971 /*
972 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
973 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
974 **
975 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
976 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
977 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
978 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
979 */
980 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
981 struct BusyHandler {
982   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
983   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
984   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
985   u8 bExtraFileArg;                 /* Include sqlite3_file as callback arg */
986 };
987 
988 /*
989 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
990 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
991 ** user tables and indices.
992 */
993 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
994 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
995 
996 /*
997 ** The root-page of the master database table.
998 */
999 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
1000 
1001 /*
1002 ** The name of the schema table.
1003 */
1004 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
1005 
1006 /*
1007 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1008 ** an array.
1009 */
1010 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1011 
1012 /*
1013 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1014 */
1015 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1016 
1017 /*
1018 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1019 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1020 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1021 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1022 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1023 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1024 */
1025 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
1026 
1027 /*
1028 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1029 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1030 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1031 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1032 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1033 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1034 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1035 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1036 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1037 **
1038 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1039 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1040 */
1041 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1042   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1043   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1044   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1045   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1046   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1047 #else
1048   #define SQLITE_WSD
1049   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1050   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1051 #endif
1052 
1053 /*
1054 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1055 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1056 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1057 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1058 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1059 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1060 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1061 **
1062 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1063 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1064 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1065 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1066 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1067 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1068 */
1069 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1070 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1071 
1072 /*
1073 ** Forward references to structures
1074 */
1075 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1076 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1077 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1078 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1079 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1080 typedef struct Column Column;
1081 typedef struct Db Db;
1082 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1083 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1084 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1085 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1086 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1087 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1088 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1089 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1090 typedef struct Index Index;
1091 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1092 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1093 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1094 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1095 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1096 typedef struct Module Module;
1097 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1098 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1099 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1100 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1101 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1102 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1103 typedef struct Select Select;
1104 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1105 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1106 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1107 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1108 typedef struct Table Table;
1109 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1110 typedef struct Token Token;
1111 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1112 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1113 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1114 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1115 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1116 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1117 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1118 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1119 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1120 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1121 typedef struct With With;
1122 
1123 
1124 /*
1125 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1126 **
1127 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1128 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1129 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1130 */
1131 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1132   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1133 #else
1134   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1135 #endif
1136 
1137 /*
1138 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1139 */
1140 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1141 
1142 /*
1143 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1144 */
1145 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1146 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1147 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1148 
1149 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1150 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1151 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1152 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1153 ** just an array of integers.
1154 */
1155 typedef int VList;
1156 
1157 /*
1158 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1159 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1160 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1161 */
1162 #include "btree.h"
1163 #include "vdbe.h"
1164 #include "pager.h"
1165 #include "pcache.h"
1166 #include "os.h"
1167 #include "mutex.h"
1168 
1169 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1170 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1171 */
1172 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1173 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1174 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1175 #endif
1176 
1177 /*
1178 ** Default synchronous levels.
1179 **
1180 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1181 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1182 **
1183 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1184 **   OFF           1                         0
1185 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1186 **   FULL          3                         2
1187 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1188 **
1189 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1190 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1191 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1192 */
1193 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1194 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1195 #endif
1196 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1197 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1198 #endif
1199 
1200 /*
1201 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1202 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1203 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1204 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1205 ** databases may be attached.
1206 */
1207 struct Db {
1208   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1209   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1210   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1211   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1212   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1213 };
1214 
1215 /*
1216 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1217 **
1218 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1219 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1220 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1221 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1222 **
1223 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1224 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1225 ** sqlite3_close().
1226 *
1227 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1228 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1229 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1230 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1231 */
1232 struct Schema {
1233   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1234   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1235   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1236   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1237   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1238   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1239   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1240   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1241   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1242   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1243   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1244 };
1245 
1246 /*
1247 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1248 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1249 */
1250 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1251 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1252 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1253 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1254 
1255 /*
1256 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1257 **
1258 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1259 ** read into internal hash tables.
1260 **
1261 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1262 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1263 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1264 */
1265 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1266 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1267 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1268 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1269 
1270 /*
1271 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1272 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1273 */
1274 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1275 
1276 /*
1277 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1278 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1279 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1280 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1281 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1282 ** SQL statements.
1283 **
1284 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1285 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1286 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1287 ** objects.
1288 **
1289 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1290 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1291 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1292 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1293 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1294 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1295 */
1296 struct Lookaside {
1297   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1298   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1299   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1300   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1301   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1302   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1303   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1304   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1305   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1306 };
1307 struct LookasideSlot {
1308   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1309 };
1310 
1311 /*
1312 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1313 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1314 **
1315 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1316 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.
1317 */
1318 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1319 struct FuncDefHash {
1320   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1321 };
1322 
1323 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1324 /*
1325 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1326 ** to manage user authentication.
1327 */
1328 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1329 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1330   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1331   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1332   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1333   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1334 };
1335 
1336 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1337 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1338 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1339 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1340 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1341 
1342 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1343 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1344 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1345 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1346 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1347 
1348 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1349 
1350 /*
1351 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1352 */
1353 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1354   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1355                                const char*, const char*);
1356 #else
1357   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1358                                const char*);
1359 #endif
1360 
1361 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1362 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1363 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1364 */
1365 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0x80
1366 #else
1367 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0
1368 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1369 
1370 
1371 /*
1372 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1373 */
1374 struct sqlite3 {
1375   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1376   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1377   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1378   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1379   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1380   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1381   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1382   u32 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1383   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1384   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1385   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1386   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1387   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1388   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1389   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1390   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1391   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1392   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1393   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1394   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1395   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1396   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1397   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1398   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1399   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1400   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1401   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1402   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1403   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1404   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1405   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1406   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1407   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1408   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1409   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1410   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1411     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1412     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1413     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1414     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1415     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1416     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1417   } init;
1418   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1419   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1420   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1421   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1422   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1423   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1424   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1425   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1426   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1427   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1428   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1429   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1430   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1431   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1432   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1433   void *pUpdateArg;
1434   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1435 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1436   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1437   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1438     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1439   );
1440   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1441 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1442 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1443   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1444   void *pWalArg;
1445 #endif
1446   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1447   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1448   void *pCollNeededArg;
1449   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1450   union {
1451     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1452     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1453   } u1;
1454   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1455 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1456   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1457   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1458 #endif
1459 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1460   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1461   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1462   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1463 #endif
1464 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1465   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1466   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1467   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1468   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1469   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1470 #endif
1471   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1472   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1473   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1474   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1475   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1476   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1477   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1478   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1479   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1480   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1481   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1482 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1483   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1484   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1485   **
1486   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1487   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1488   **
1489   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1490   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1491   ** held by Y.
1492   */
1493   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1494   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1495   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1496   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1497   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1498 #endif
1499 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1500   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1501 #endif
1502 };
1503 
1504 /*
1505 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1506 */
1507 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1508 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1509 
1510 /*
1511 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1512 **
1513 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1514 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1515 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1516 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1517 */
1518 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1519 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1520 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1521 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1522 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1523 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1524 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1525 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1526                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1527                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1528 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1529                                           /*   result set is empty */
1530 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1531 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1532 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1533 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1534 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1535 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1536 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1537 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1538 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1539 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1540 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1541 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1542 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1543 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1544 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1545 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1546 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1547 
1548 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1549 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1550 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x08000000  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1551 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x10000000  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
1552 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x20000000  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1553 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x40000000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1554 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x80000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1555 #endif
1556 
1557 /*
1558 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1559 */
1560 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1561 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1562 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1563 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0008  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1564 
1565 /*
1566 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1567 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1568 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1569 */
1570 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1571 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
1572 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1573 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1574 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1575 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
1576 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1577 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
1578 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1579 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
1580 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1581 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1582    /* TH3 expects the Stat34  ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
1583 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x1000   /* The push-down optimization */
1584 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x2000   /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1585 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1586 
1587 /*
1588 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1589 */
1590 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1591 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1592 
1593 /*
1594 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1595 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1596 */
1597 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1598 
1599 /*
1600 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1601 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1602 ** than being distinct from one another.
1603 */
1604 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1605 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1606 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1607 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1608 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1609 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1610 
1611 /*
1612 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1613 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1614 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1615 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1616 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1617 **
1618 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1619 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1620 */
1621 struct FuncDef {
1622   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1623   u16 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1624   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1625   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1626   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1627   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1628   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1629   union {
1630     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1631     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1632   } u;
1633 };
1634 
1635 /*
1636 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1637 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1638 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1639 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1640 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1641 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1642 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1643 ** FuncDestructor.
1644 **
1645 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1646 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1647 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1648 */
1649 struct FuncDestructor {
1650   int nRef;
1651   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1652   void *pUserData;
1653 };
1654 
1655 /*
1656 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1657 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1658 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1659 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1660 **
1661 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1662 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1663 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1664 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1665 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1666 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1667 */
1668 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1669 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1670 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1671 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1672 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1673 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1674 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1675 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1676 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1677 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1678 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1679 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1680 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1681                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1682 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
1683 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1684 
1685 /*
1686 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1687 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1688 **
1689 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1690 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1691 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1692 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1693 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1694 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1695 **
1696 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1697 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1698 **
1699 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1700 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1701 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1702 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1703 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1704 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1705 **
1706 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1707 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1708 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1709 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1710 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1711 **
1712 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1713 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1714 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1715 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1716 **     FUNCTION().
1717 **
1718 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1719 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1720 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1721 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1722 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1723 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1724 **     parameter.
1725 */
1726 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1727   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1728    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1729 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1730   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1731    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1732 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1733   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1734    0, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1735 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1736   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1737    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1738 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1739   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1740    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1741 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1742   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1743    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, }
1744 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1745   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1746    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1747 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
1748   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1749    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1750 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1751   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1752    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1753 
1754 /*
1755 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1756 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1757 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1758 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1759 */
1760 struct Savepoint {
1761   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1762   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1763   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1764   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1765 };
1766 
1767 /*
1768 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1769 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1770 */
1771 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1772 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1773 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1774 
1775 
1776 /*
1777 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1778 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1779 ** hash table.
1780 */
1781 struct Module {
1782   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1783   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1784   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1785   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1786   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1787 };
1788 
1789 /*
1790 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1791 ** of this structure.
1792 */
1793 struct Column {
1794   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1795   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1796   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1797   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1798   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1799   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1800   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1801 };
1802 
1803 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1804 */
1805 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1806 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1807 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
1808 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE   0x0008    /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
1809 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
1810 
1811 /*
1812 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1813 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1814 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1815 **
1816 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1817 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1818 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1819 */
1820 struct CollSeq {
1821   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1822   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1823   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1824   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1825   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1826 };
1827 
1828 /*
1829 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1830 */
1831 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1832 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1833 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1834 
1835 /*
1836 ** Column affinity types.
1837 **
1838 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1839 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1840 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1841 **
1842 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1843 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1844 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1845 **
1846 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1847 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1848 */
1849 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1850 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1851 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1852 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1853 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1854 
1855 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1856 
1857 /*
1858 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1859 ** affinity value.
1860 */
1861 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1862 
1863 /*
1864 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1865 ** changing the affinity.
1866 **
1867 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1868 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1869 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1870 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1871 */
1872 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
1873 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1874 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1875 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1876 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1877 
1878 /*
1879 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1880 ** the database schema.
1881 **
1882 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1883 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1884 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1885 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1886 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1887 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1888 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1889 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1890 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1891 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1892 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1893 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1894 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1895 **
1896 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1897 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1898 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1899 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1900 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1901 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1902 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1903 **
1904 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1905 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1906 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1907 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1908 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1909 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1910 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1911 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1912 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1913 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1914 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1915 **
1916 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1917 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1918 ** the first argument.
1919 */
1920 struct VTable {
1921   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1922   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1923   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1924   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1925   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1926   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1927   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1928 };
1929 
1930 /*
1931 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1932 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1933 */
1934 struct Table {
1935   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1936   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1937   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1938   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1939   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1940   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1941   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1942                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1943   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1944   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1945   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
1946   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1947   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1948   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1949   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1950 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1951   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1952 #endif
1953   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1954 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1955   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1956 #endif
1957 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1958   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1959   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1960   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1961 #endif
1962   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1963   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1964   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1965 };
1966 
1967 /*
1968 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1969 **
1970 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1971 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1972 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1973 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1974 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1975 */
1976 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
1977 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
1978 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
1979 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
1980 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
1981 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0020    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
1982 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0040    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
1983 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0080    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
1984 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
1985                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
1986 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0200    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
1987 
1988 /*
1989 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
1990 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
1991 ** table support is omitted from the build.
1992 */
1993 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1994 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
1995 #else
1996 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
1997 #endif
1998 
1999 /*
2000 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2001 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2002 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2003 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2004 */
2005 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2006 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2007 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2008 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2009 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2010 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2011 #else
2012 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2013 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2014 #endif
2015 
2016 
2017 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2018 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2019 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2020 
2021 /*
2022 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2023 **
2024 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2025 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2026 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2027 ** Consider this example:
2028 **
2029 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2030 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2031 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2032 **     );
2033 **
2034 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2035 ** Equivalent names:
2036 **
2037 **     from-table == child-table
2038 **       to-table == parent-table
2039 **
2040 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2041 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2042 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2043 **
2044 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2045 **
2046 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2047 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2048 */
2049 struct FKey {
2050   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2051   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2052   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2053   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2054   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2055   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2056   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2057   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2058   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2059   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2060   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2061     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2062     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2063   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2064 };
2065 
2066 /*
2067 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2068 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2069 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2070 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2071 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2072 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2073 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2074 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2075 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2076 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2077 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2078 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2079 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2080 **
2081 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2082 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2083 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2084 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2085 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2086 ** foreign key.
2087 **
2088 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2089 ** of action to take.
2090 */
2091 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2092 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2093 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2094 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2095 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2096 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2097 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2098 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2099 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2100 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2101 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2102 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2103 
2104 
2105 /*
2106 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2107 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2108 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2109 **
2110 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2111 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2112 ** for the rowid at the end.
2113 */
2114 struct KeyInfo {
2115   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2116   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2117   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2118   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2119   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2120   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2121   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2122 };
2123 
2124 /*
2125 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2126 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2127 **
2128 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2129 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2130 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2131 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2132 ** OP_Column opcode.
2133 **
2134 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2135 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2136 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2137 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2138 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2139 **
2140 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2141 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2142 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2143 ** is in DESC order.
2144 **
2145 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2146 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2147 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2148 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2149 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2150 ** find the first match.
2151 **
2152 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2153 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2154 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2155 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2156 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2157 ** b-tree.
2158 */
2159 struct UnpackedRecord {
2160   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2161   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2162   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2163   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2164   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2165   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2166   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2167   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2168 };
2169 
2170 
2171 /*
2172 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2173 ** instance of the following structure.
2174 **
2175 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2176 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2177 ** we have the following table and index:
2178 **
2179 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2180 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2181 **
2182 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2183 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2184 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2185 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2186 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2187 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2188 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2189 **
2190 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2191 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2192 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2193 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2194 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2195 ** element.
2196 **
2197 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2198 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2199 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2200 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2201 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2202 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2203 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2204 */
2205 struct Index {
2206   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2207   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2208   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2209   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2210   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2211   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2212   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2213   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2214   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2215   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2216   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2217   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2218   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2219   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2220   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2221   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2222   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
2223   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2224   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2225   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2226   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2227   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2228   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2229   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2230 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
2231   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2232   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2233   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2234   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2235   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2236   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2237 #endif
2238   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2239 };
2240 
2241 /*
2242 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2243 */
2244 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2245 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2246 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2247 
2248 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2249 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2250 
2251 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2252 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2253 
2254 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2255 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2256 */
2257 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2258 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2259 
2260 /*
2261 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
2262 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2263 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2264 */
2265 struct IndexSample {
2266   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2267   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2268   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2269   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2270   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2271 };
2272 
2273 /*
2274 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2275 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2276 **
2277 ** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
2278 ** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
2279 ** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
2280 */
2281 struct Token {
2282   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2283   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2284 };
2285 
2286 /*
2287 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2288 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2289 **
2290 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2291 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2292 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2293 ** code for that node.
2294 **
2295 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2296 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2297 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2298 */
2299 struct AggInfo {
2300   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2301                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2302   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2303                           ** than the source table */
2304   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2305   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2306   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2307   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2308   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2309   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2310     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2311     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2312     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2313     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2314     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2315     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2316   } *aCol;
2317   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2318   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2319                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2320                           ** aggregate functions */
2321   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2322     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2323     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2324     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2325     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2326   } *aFunc;
2327   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2328 };
2329 
2330 /*
2331 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2332 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2333 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2334 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2335 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2336 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2337 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2338 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2339 */
2340 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2341 typedef i16 ynVar;
2342 #else
2343 typedef int ynVar;
2344 #endif
2345 
2346 /*
2347 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2348 ** of this structure.
2349 **
2350 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2351 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2352 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2353 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2354 ** tree.
2355 **
2356 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2357 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2358 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2359 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2360 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2361 **
2362 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2363 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2364 **
2365 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2366 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2367 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2368 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2369 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2370 ** valid.
2371 **
2372 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2373 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2374 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2375 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2376 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2377 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2378 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2379 **
2380 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2381 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2382 ** number for that variable.
2383 **
2384 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2385 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2386 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2387 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2388 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2389 **
2390 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2391 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2392 ** corresponding table definition.
2393 **
2394 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2395 **
2396 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2397 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2398 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2399 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2400 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2401 **
2402 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2403 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2404 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2405 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2406 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2407 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2408 */
2409 struct Expr {
2410   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2411   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2412   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2413   union {
2414     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2415     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2416   } u;
2417 
2418   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2419   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2420   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2421   *********************************************************************/
2422 
2423   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2424   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2425   union {
2426     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2427     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2428   } x;
2429 
2430   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2431   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2432   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2433   *********************************************************************/
2434 
2435 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2436   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2437 #endif
2438   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2439                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2440                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2441                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2442                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2443   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2444                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2445                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2446   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2447   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2448   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2449                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2450                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2451   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2452   Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions.  Can be NULL
2453                          ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2454 };
2455 
2456 /*
2457 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2458 */
2459 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2460 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2461 #define EP_HasFunc   0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2462                   /* 0x000008 // available for use */
2463 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2464 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2465 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2466 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2467 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2468 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2469 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2470 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2471 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2472 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2473 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2474 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2475 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2476 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2477 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2478 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2479 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2480 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2481 #define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2482 #define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2483 
2484 /*
2485 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2486 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2487 */
2488 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2489 
2490 /*
2491 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2492 ** Expr.flags field.
2493 */
2494 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2495 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2496 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2497 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2498 
2499 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2500 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2501 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2502 */
2503 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2504 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2505 #else
2506 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2507 #endif
2508 
2509 /*
2510 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2511 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2512 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2513 */
2514 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2515 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2516 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2517 
2518 /*
2519 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2520 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2521 */
2522 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2523 
2524 /*
2525 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2526 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2527 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2528 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2529 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2530 ** field is not used.
2531 **
2532 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2533 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2534 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2535 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2536 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2537 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2538 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2539 */
2540 struct ExprList {
2541   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2542   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2543     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2544     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2545     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2546     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2547     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2548     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2549     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2550     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2551     union {
2552       struct {
2553         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2554         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2555       } x;
2556       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2557     } u;
2558   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2559 };
2560 
2561 /*
2562 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2563 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2564 **
2565 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2566 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2567 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2568 **
2569 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2570 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2571 **
2572 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2573 **
2574 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2575 */
2576 struct IdList {
2577   struct IdList_item {
2578     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2579     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2580   } *a;
2581   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2582 };
2583 
2584 /*
2585 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2586 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2587 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2588 **
2589 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2590 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2591 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2592 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2593 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2594 **
2595 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2596 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2597 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2598 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2599 **
2600 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2601 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2602 */
2603 struct SrcList {
2604   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2605   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2606   struct SrcList_item {
2607     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2608     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2609     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2610     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2611     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2612     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2613     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2614     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2615     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2616     struct {
2617       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2618       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2619       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2620       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2621       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2622       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2623       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2624     } fg;
2625     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2626     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2627     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2628     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2629     union {
2630       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2631       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2632     } u1;
2633     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2634   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2635 };
2636 
2637 /*
2638 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2639 */
2640 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2641 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2642 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2643 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2644 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2645 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2646 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2647 
2648 
2649 /*
2650 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2651 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2652 **
2653 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2654 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2655 */
2656 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2657 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2658 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2659 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2660 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2661 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2662 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2663                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2664 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2665 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2666 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2667 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2668 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2669 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2670 #define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
2671                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2672 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2673                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2674 
2675 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2676 */
2677 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2678 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2679 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2680 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2681 
2682 /*
2683 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2684 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2685 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2686 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2687 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2688 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2689 ** other statements.
2690 **
2691 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2692 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2693 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2694 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2695 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2696 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2697 **
2698 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2699 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2700 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2701 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2702 */
2703 struct NameContext {
2704   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2705   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2706   union {
2707     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2708     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2709     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
2710   } uNC;
2711   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2712   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2713   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2714   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2715 };
2716 
2717 /*
2718 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2719 **
2720 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2721 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg
2722 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2723 **
2724 */
2725 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2726 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2727 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2728 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2729 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2730 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2731 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2732 #define NC_UEList    0x0080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
2733 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x0100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
2734 #define NC_UUpsert   0x0200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
2735 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2736 #define NC_Complex   0x2000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
2737 
2738 /*
2739 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
2740 ** clause in an upsert.
2741 **
2742 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
2743 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
2744 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
2745 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
2746 **
2747 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
2748 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
2749 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
2750 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
2751 */
2752 struct Upsert {
2753   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflicting index */
2754   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
2755   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2756   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2757   /* The fields above comprise the parse tree for the upsert clause.
2758   ** The fields below are used to transfer information from the INSERT
2759   ** processing down into the UPDATE processing while generating code.
2760   ** Upsert owns the memory allocated above, but not the memory below. */
2761   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* Constraint that pUpsertTarget identifies */
2762   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
2763   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
2764   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
2765   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
2766 };
2767 
2768 /*
2769 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2770 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2771 **
2772 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
2773 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
2774 **
2775 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2776 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2777 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2778 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2779 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2780 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2781 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2782 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2783 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2784 */
2785 struct Select {
2786   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2787   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2788   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2789   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2790   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2791 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2792   char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
2793 #endif
2794   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2795   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2796   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2797   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2798   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2799   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2800   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2801   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2802   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2803   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2804 };
2805 
2806 /*
2807 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2808 ** "Select Flag".
2809 **
2810 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2811 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2812 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2813 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2814 */
2815 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2816 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2817 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2818 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2819 #define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2820 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2821 #define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2822 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2823 #define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
2824 #define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2825 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2826 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2827 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2828 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2829 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2830 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2831 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2832 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2833 #define SF_ComplexResult  0x40000  /* Result contains subquery or function */
2834 
2835 /*
2836 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2837 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2838 ** Type".
2839 **
2840 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2841 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2842 **
2843 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2844 **
2845 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2846 **                     set is not empty.
2847 **
2848 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2849 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2850 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2851 **
2852 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2853 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2854 **
2855 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2856 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2857 **
2858 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2859 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2860 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2861 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2862 **
2863 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2864 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2865 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2866 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2867 **
2868 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2869 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2870 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2871 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2872 **                     the table first.
2873 **
2874 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2875 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2876 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2877 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2878 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2879 **
2880 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2881 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2882 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2883 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2884 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2885 **
2886 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2887 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2888 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2889 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2890 **
2891 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2892 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2893 **                     are distinct.
2894 **
2895 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2896 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2897 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2898 */
2899 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2900 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2901 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2902 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2903 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2904 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2905 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2906 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2907 
2908 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2909 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2910 
2911 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2912 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2913 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2914 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2915 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2916 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2917 
2918 /*
2919 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2920 ** a SELECT statement.
2921 */
2922 struct SelectDest {
2923   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2924   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2925   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2926   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2927   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2928   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2929 };
2930 
2931 /*
2932 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2933 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2934 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2935 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2936 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
2937 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2938 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2939 */
2940 struct AutoincInfo {
2941   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2942   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2943   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2944   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2945 };
2946 
2947 /*
2948 ** Size of the column cache
2949 */
2950 #ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
2951 # define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
2952 #endif
2953 
2954 /*
2955 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2956 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2957 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
2958 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
2959 ** completed.
2960 **
2961 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
2962 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
2963 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
2964 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
2965 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
2966 **
2967 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
2968 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
2969 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
2970 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
2971 */
2972 struct TriggerPrg {
2973   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
2974   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
2975   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
2976   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
2977   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
2978 };
2979 
2980 /*
2981 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
2982 */
2983 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
2984   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
2985 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
2986 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
2987 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
2988 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
2989 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
2990 #else
2991   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
2992 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
2993 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
2994 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
2995 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
2996 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
2997 #endif
2998 
2999 /*
3000 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3001 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3002 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3003 **
3004 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3005 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3006 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3007 ** each recursion.
3008 **
3009 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3010 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3011 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3012 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3013 ** list.
3014 */
3015 struct Parse {
3016   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3017   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3018   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3019   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3020   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3021   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3022   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3023   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3024   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3025   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3026   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3027   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3028   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3029   u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in aColCache[] */
3030   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3031   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3032   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3033   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3034   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3035   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3036   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3037   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3038                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3039   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
3040   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
3041   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
3042   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3043   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3044   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3045   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3046   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3047   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3048   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3049   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3050 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3051   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
3052 #endif
3053 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3054   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3055   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3056 #endif
3057   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3058   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3059   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3060   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
3061   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3062   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3063   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3064   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3065   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3066   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3067 
3068   /**************************************************************************
3069   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3070   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3071   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3072   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aColCache).
3073   **************************************************************************/
3074 
3075   struct yColCache {
3076     int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
3077     i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
3078     u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
3079     int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
3080     int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
3081     int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
3082   } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
3083   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3084   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3085 
3086   /************************************************************************
3087   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3088   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3089   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3090   ** first field in the recursive region.
3091   ************************************************************************/
3092 
3093   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3094   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3095   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3096   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3097 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3098   u8 declareVtab;           /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
3099   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3100 #endif
3101   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3102 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3103   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3104 #endif
3105   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3106   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3107   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3108   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3109   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3110   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3111 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3112   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3113   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3114 #endif
3115   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3116   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3117   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3118   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3119 };
3120 
3121 /*
3122 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3123 */
3124 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aColCache) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3125 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3126 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3127 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3128 
3129 /*
3130 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3131 */
3132 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3133   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3134 #else
3135   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
3136 #endif
3137 
3138 /*
3139 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3140 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3141 */
3142 struct AuthContext {
3143   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3144   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3145 };
3146 
3147 /*
3148 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3149 **
3150 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3151 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3152 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3153 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3154 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3155 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3156 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3157 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3158 */
3159 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3160                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3161 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3162 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3163 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3164 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3165 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3166 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3167 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3168 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3169 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3170 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3171 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3172 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3173 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3174 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3175 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3176 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3177 
3178 /*
3179  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3180  * struct Trigger.
3181  *
3182  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3183  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3184  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3185  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3186  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3187  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3188  *    struct Table.
3189  *
3190  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3191  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3192  */
3193 struct Trigger {
3194   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3195   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3196   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3197   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3198   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3199   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3200                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3201   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3202   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3203   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3204   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3205 };
3206 
3207 /*
3208 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3209 ** determine which.
3210 **
3211 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3212 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3213 */
3214 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3215 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3216 
3217 /*
3218  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3219  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3220  *
3221  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3222  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3223  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3224  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3225  *
3226  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3227  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3228  * value of "op" as follows:
3229  *
3230  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3231  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3232  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3233  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3234  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3235  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3236  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3237  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3238  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3239  *              inserted into.
3240  *
3241  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3242  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3243  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3244  *              Otherwise NULL.
3245  *
3246  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3247  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3248  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3249  *              Otherwise NULL.
3250  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3251  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3252  *              argument.
3253  *
3254  */
3255 struct TriggerStep {
3256   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3257   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3258   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3259   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3260   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3261   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3262   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE */
3263   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3264   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3265   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3266   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3267   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3268 };
3269 
3270 /*
3271 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3272 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3273 ** explicit.
3274 */
3275 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3276 struct DbFixer {
3277   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3278   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3279   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3280   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3281   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3282   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3283 };
3284 
3285 /*
3286 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3287 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3288 */
3289 struct sqlite3_str {
3290   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3291   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3292   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3293   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3294   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3295   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3296   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3297 };
3298 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3299 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3300 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3301 
3302 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3303 
3304 
3305 /*
3306 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3307 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3308 */
3309 typedef struct {
3310   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3311   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3312   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3313   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3314 } InitData;
3315 
3316 /*
3317 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3318 **
3319 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3320 */
3321 struct Sqlite3Config {
3322   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3323   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
3324   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
3325   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3326   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3327   int bSmallMalloc;                 /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3328   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3329   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3330   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3331   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3332   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3333   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3334   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3335   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3336   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3337   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3338   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3339   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3340   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3341   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3342   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3343   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3344   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3345   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3346   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3347   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3348   ** initially be zero, however. */
3349   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3350   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3351   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3352   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3353   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3354   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3355   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3356   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3357   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3358 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3359   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3360   void *pSqllogArg;
3361 #endif
3362 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3363   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3364   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3365   */
3366   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,int iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3367   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3368 #endif
3369 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3370   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3371 #endif
3372   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3373   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3374   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3375 };
3376 
3377 /*
3378 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3379 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3380 **
3381 **     assert( X );
3382 **
3383 ** One writes:
3384 **
3385 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3386 **
3387 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3388 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3389 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3390 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3391 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3392 */
3393 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3394 
3395 /*
3396 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3397 */
3398 struct Walker {
3399   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3400   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3401   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3402   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3403   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3404   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3405   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3406     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3407     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3408     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3409     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3410     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3411     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3412     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3413     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3414     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3415     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3416     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3417   } u;
3418 };
3419 
3420 /* Forward declarations */
3421 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3422 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3423 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3424 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3425 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3426 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3427 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3428 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3429 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3430 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3431 #endif
3432 
3433 /*
3434 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3435 ** callbacks.
3436 */
3437 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3438 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3439 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3440 
3441 /*
3442 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3443 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3444 */
3445 struct With {
3446   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3447   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3448   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3449     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3450     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3451     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3452     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3453   } a[1];
3454 };
3455 
3456 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3457 /*
3458 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3459 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3460 */
3461 struct TreeView {
3462   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3463   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3464 };
3465 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3466 
3467 /*
3468 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3469 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3470 */
3471 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3472   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3473     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3474   }                                                    \
3475 }
3476 
3477 /*
3478 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3479 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3480 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3481 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3482 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3483 */
3484 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
3485 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3486 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3487 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3488 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3489 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3490 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3491 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3492   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3493   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3494   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
3495 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3496 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3497 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
3498 #else
3499 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3500 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3501 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3502 #endif
3503 
3504 /*
3505 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3506 */
3507 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3508 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3509 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3510 #endif
3511 
3512 /*
3513 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3514 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3515 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3516 */
3517 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3518 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3519 #endif
3520 
3521 /*
3522 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3523 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3524 */
3525 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3526     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3527 # include <ctype.h>
3528 #endif
3529 
3530 /*
3531 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3532 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3533 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3534 */
3535 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3536 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3537 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3538 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3539 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3540 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3541 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3542 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3543 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3544 #else
3545 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3546 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3547 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3548 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3549 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3550 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3551 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3552 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3553 #endif
3554 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
3555 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3556 #endif
3557 
3558 /*
3559 ** Internal function prototypes
3560 */
3561 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3562 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3563 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3564 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3565 
3566 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3567 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3568 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3569 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3570 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3571 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3572 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3573 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3574 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3575 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
3576 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3577 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3578 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3579 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3580 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
3581 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3582 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3583 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3584 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3585 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3586 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3587 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3588 #endif
3589 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3590 
3591 /*
3592 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3593 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3594 ** obtain space from malloc().
3595 **
3596 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3597 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3598 */
3599 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3600 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3601 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3602 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3603 #else
3604 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3605 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3606 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3607 #endif
3608 
3609 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3610 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3611 */
3612 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3613 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3614 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3615 #endif
3616 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3617 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3618 #endif
3619 
3620 
3621 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3622   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3623   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3624   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3625   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3626   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3627 #endif
3628 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3629   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3630 #else
3631 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3632 #endif
3633 
3634 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3635 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3636 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3637 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3638 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
3639 
3640 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3641 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3642 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3643 
3644 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
3645 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
3646 #else
3647 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
3648 #endif
3649 
3650 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3651   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3652 #else
3653 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3654 #endif
3655 
3656 /*
3657 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3658 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3659 */
3660 struct PrintfArguments {
3661   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3662   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3663   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3664 };
3665 
3666 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3667 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3668 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3669   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3670 #endif
3671 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3672   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3673 #endif
3674 
3675 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3676   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3677   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
3678   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3679   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3680   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3681 #endif
3682 
3683 
3684 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3685 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3686 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3687 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3688 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3689 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3690 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3691 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3692 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3693 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3694 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3695 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3696 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3697 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3698 #endif
3699 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3700 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3701 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3702 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
3703 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3704 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3705 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
3706 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
3707 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3708 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3709 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
3710 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
3711 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3712 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
3713 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3714 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3715 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3716 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3717 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3718 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3719 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
3720 #endif
3721 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3722 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3723 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3724 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3725 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3726 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3727 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*);
3728 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3729 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3730 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3731 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3732 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3733 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3734   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3735 #else
3736 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3737 #endif
3738 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3739 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3740 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3741 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3742 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
3743 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3744 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3745 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3746                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3747 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3748 
3749 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3750 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3751 #else
3752   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3753 #endif
3754 
3755 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3756 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3757 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3758 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3759 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3760 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3761 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3762 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3763 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3764 #endif
3765 
3766 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
3767 void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
3768 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3769 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3770 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3771 
3772 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3773 
3774 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3775   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3776 #else
3777 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3778 #endif
3779 
3780 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3781   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3782 #endif
3783 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3784 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3785 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3786 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3787   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3788   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3789 #else
3790 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3791 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3792 #endif
3793 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
3794 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3795 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
3796 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3797 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
3798 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3799 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3800                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3801 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3802 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3803 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3804 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3805 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3806 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3807 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3808 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3809 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3810                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
3811 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3812 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3813 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3814                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
3815 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3816 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3817 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3818 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3819 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3820 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
3821 #endif
3822 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
3823 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
3824                    Upsert*);
3825 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3826 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3827 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3828 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3829 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3830 int sqlite3WhereOrderedInnerLoop(WhereInfo*);
3831 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3832 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3833 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3834 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3835 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
3836 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
3837 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
3838 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
3839 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3840 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
3841 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3842 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3843 void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
3844 void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
3845 void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
3846 void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
3847 void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
3848 void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
3849 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3850 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3851 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3852 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3853 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3854 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3855 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3856 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
3857 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3858 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3859 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3860 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3861 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3862 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3863 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3864 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3865 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
3866 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
3867 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
3868 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
3869 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3870 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3871 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3872 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*);
3873 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int);
3874 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
3875 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
3876 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3877 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
3878 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
3879 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
3880 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
3881 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
3882 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
3883 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
3884 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
3885 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3886 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
3887 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
3888 #endif
3889 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
3890 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
3891 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
3892 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
3893 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
3894 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
3895 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
3896 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
3897 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
3898 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
3899 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
3900 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
3901 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
3902 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
3903 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
3904 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
3905 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
3906 #endif
3907 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
3908 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
3909 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
3910 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
3911 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
3912     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
3913 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3914 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
3915 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
3916 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
3917                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
3918 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
3919   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
3920 #else
3921 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
3922 #endif
3923 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
3924 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
3925 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
3926 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
3927 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
3928 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
3929 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
3930 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
3931 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
3932 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
3933 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
3934 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
3935 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
3936 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3937 void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
3938 #else
3939 # define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
3940 #endif
3941 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
3942 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
3943 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
3944 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
3945 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
3946 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
3947 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
3948 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
3949 
3950 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3951 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
3952 #endif
3953 
3954 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
3955   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
3956                            Expr*,int, int);
3957   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
3958   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3959   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
3960   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
3961   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
3962   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
3963                             int, int, int);
3964   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
3965   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
3966   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
3967   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
3968                                         const char*,const char*);
3969   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
3970                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
3971                                         const char*,const char*);
3972   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
3973                                         const char*,const char*);
3974   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*,
3975                                         const char*,const char*);
3976   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
3977   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3978   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
3979 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
3980 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
3981 #else
3982 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
3983 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
3984 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
3985 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
3986 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
3987 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
3988 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
3989 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
3990 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
3991 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
3992 #endif
3993 
3994 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
3995 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
3996 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
3997 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
3998   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
3999   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4000   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4001   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4002   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4003 #else
4004 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4005 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4006 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4007 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4008 #endif
4009 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4010 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4011 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4012 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4013 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4014 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4015 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
4016 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4017 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4018 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4019 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4020 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4021 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4022 #endif
4023 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4024 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4025 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4026 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4027 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4028 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4029 #endif
4030 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4031     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
4032     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4033 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4034 #endif
4035 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4036 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4037 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4038 
4039 /*
4040 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4041 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4042 ** file.
4043 */
4044 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4045 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4046 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4047 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4048 
4049 /*
4050 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4051 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4052 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4053 */
4054 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4055   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4056 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4057   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4058   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4059 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4060 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4061 
4062 
4063 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4064 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4065 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4066 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4067 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4068 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
4069 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4070 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4071 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4072 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4073 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4074 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4075 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4076 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4077 
4078 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4079 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4080 #endif
4081 
4082 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
4083 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4084 #endif
4085 
4086 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4087 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4088 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4089 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4090 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4091 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4092 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
4093 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4094 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4095 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4096 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4097 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
4098 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
4099 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4100 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4101 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4102 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4103 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4104 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4105 #else
4106 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4107 #endif
4108 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4109 
4110 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4111 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4112 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4113                         void(*)(void*));
4114 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4115 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4116 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4117 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4118 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4119 #endif
4120 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4121 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4122 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4123 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4124 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4125 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4126 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4127 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
4128 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4129 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4130 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4131 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4132 #endif
4133 #endif
4134 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4135 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4136 #endif
4137 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
4138 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4139 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4140 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4141 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4142 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4143 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
4144 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr *, int, int);
4145 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4146 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4147 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4148 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4149 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4150 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4151 void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4152 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4153 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4154 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4155 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4156 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4157 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4158 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4159 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*, sqlite3_file*);
4160 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4161 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4162 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4163 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4164 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4165 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4166 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4167 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4168 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4169 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4170 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4171 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4172 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4173 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4174 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4175 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4176 #endif
4177 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4178   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4179   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4180   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4181 );
4182 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4183 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4184 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4185 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4186 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4187 
4188 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4189 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4190 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4191 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4192 
4193 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4194 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4195 
4196 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4197 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4198 #else
4199 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4200 #endif
4201 
4202 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
4203 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
4204 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4205     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4206 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4207 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4208 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4209 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4210 #endif
4211 
4212 /*
4213 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4214 */
4215 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4216   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4217   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4218 #endif
4219 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4220 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4221   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4222 #endif
4223 
4224 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4225 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4226   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4227 #else
4228 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4229 #endif
4230 
4231 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4232   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4233 #else
4234   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4235 #endif
4236 
4237 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4238   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4239 #endif
4240 
4241 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4242 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4243 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4244 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4245 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4246 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4247 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4248 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4249 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4250 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4251 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4252 #else
4253    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4254    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4255    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4256    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4257    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4258    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4259    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4260    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4261    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4262    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4263    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4264    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4265      sqlite3*,
4266      const char*,
4267      const sqlite3_module*,
4268      void*,
4269      void(*)(void*)
4270    );
4271 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4272 #endif
4273 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4274 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4275 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4276 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4277 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4278 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4279 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4280 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4281 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4282 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4283 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4284 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4285 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4286 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4287 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4288 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4289 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4290 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4291 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4292 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4293 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4294 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4295   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4296   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4297 #endif
4298 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4299   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4300   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4301   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4302 #else
4303 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4304 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4305 #endif
4306 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
4307   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4308   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4309   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4310   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
4311   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
4312 #else
4313 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
4314 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
4315 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)       ((Upsert*)0)
4316 #endif
4317 
4318 
4319 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4320 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4321 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4322 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4323 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4324 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4325 */
4326 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4327   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4328   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4329   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4330   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4331   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4332   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4333 #else
4334   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4335   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4336   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4337   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4338   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4339   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4340 #endif
4341 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4342   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4343   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4344 #else
4345   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4346   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4347 #endif
4348 
4349 
4350 /*
4351 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4352 */
4353 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4354 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4355 
4356 /*
4357 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4358 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4359 ** is not defined.
4360 */
4361 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4362   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4363   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4364 #else
4365   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4366   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4367 #endif
4368 
4369 /*
4370 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4371 */
4372 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4373 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4374 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4375 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4376 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4377 /*
4378 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4379 */
4380 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4381 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4382 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4383 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*);
4384 
4385 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4386 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4387 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
4388  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
4389   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4390 #endif
4391 
4392 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4393 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4394 
4395 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4396 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4397   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4398   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4399 #else
4400   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4401   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4402 #endif
4403 
4404 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4405 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4406 
4407 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4408   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4409   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4410   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4411 #else
4412   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4413   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4414   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4415 #endif
4416 
4417 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4418   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4419 #endif
4420 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
4421   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
4422 #endif
4423 
4424 /*
4425 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4426 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4427 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4428 */
4429 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4430 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4431   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4432 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4433 #else
4434 # define IOTRACE(A)
4435 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4436 #endif
4437 
4438 /*
4439 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4440 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4441 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4442 **
4443 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4444 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4445 ** a single bit set.
4446 **
4447 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4448 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4449 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4450 **
4451 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4452 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4453 **
4454 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4455 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4456 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4457 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4458 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4459 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4460 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4461 ** this constraint.
4462 **
4463 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4464 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4465 */
4466 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4467   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4468   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4469   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4470 #else
4471 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4472 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4473 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4474 #endif
4475 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4476 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4477 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
4478 
4479 /*
4480 ** Threading interface
4481 */
4482 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4483 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4484 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4485 #endif
4486 
4487 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4488 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
4489 #endif
4490 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4491 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4492 #endif
4493 
4494 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4495 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4496 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4497 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4498 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4499 
4500 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
4501 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
4502 #endif
4503 
4504 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4505