xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision b565bee6)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /*
123 ** Some C99 functions in "math.h" are only present for MSVC when its version
124 ** is associated with Visual Studio 2013 or higher.
125 */
126 #ifndef SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS
127 # if MSVC_VERSION==0 || MSVC_VERSION>=1800
128 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (1)
129 # else
130 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (0)
131 # endif
132 #endif
133 
134 /* Needed for various definitions... */
135 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
136 # define _GNU_SOURCE
137 #endif
138 
139 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
140 # define _BSD_SOURCE
141 #endif
142 
143 /*
144 ** Macro to disable warnings about missing "break" at the end of a "case".
145 */
146 #if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
147 # define deliberate_fall_through __attribute__((fallthrough));
148 #else
149 # define deliberate_fall_through
150 #endif
151 
152 /*
153 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
154 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
155 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
156 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
157 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
158 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
159 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
160 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
161 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
162 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
163 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
164 ** disabled.
165 */
166 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
167 # include "mingw.h"
168 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
169 # include "_mingw.h"
170 #endif
171 
172 /*
173 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
174 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
175 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
176 */
177 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
178     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
179     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
180     defined(__MSVCRT__)
181 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
182 #endif
183 
184 /* Optionally #include a user-defined header, whereby compilation options
185 ** may be set prior to where they take effect, but after platform setup.
186 ** If SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE=? is defined, its value names the #include
187 ** file.
188 */
189 #ifdef SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE
190 # define INC_STRINGIFY_(f) #f
191 # define INC_STRINGIFY(f) INC_STRINGIFY_(f)
192 # include INC_STRINGIFY(SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE)
193 #endif
194 
195 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
196 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
197 ** MinGW.
198 */
199 #include "sqlite3.h"
200 
201 /*
202 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
203 ** autoconf-based build
204 */
205 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
206 #include "config.h"
207 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
208 #endif
209 
210 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
211 
212 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
213 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
214 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
215 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
216 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
217 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
218 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
219 #endif
220 
221 /*
222 ** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
223 ** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
224 */
225 #ifndef __has_extension
226 # define __has_extension(x) 0     /* compatibility with non-clang compilers */
227 #endif
228 #if GCC_VERSION>=4007000 || __has_extension(c_atomic)
229 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 1
230 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
231 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
232 #else
233 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 0
234 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
235 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
236 #endif
237 
238 /*
239 ** Include standard header files as necessary
240 */
241 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
242 #include <stdint.h>
243 #endif
244 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
245 #include <inttypes.h>
246 #endif
247 
248 /*
249 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
250 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
251 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
252 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
253 **
254 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
255 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
256 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
257 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
258 **
259 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
260 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
261 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
262 ** compiler.
263 */
264 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
265 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
266 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
267 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
268 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
269 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
270 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
271 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
272 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
273 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
274 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
275 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
276 #endif
277 
278 /*
279 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
280 ** inlined.
281 */
282 #if defined(__GNUC__)
283 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
284 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
285 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
286 #else
287 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
288 #endif
289 
290 /*
291 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
292 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
293 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
294 */
295 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
296 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
297 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
298 #      include <intrin.h>
299 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
300 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
301 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
302 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
303 #    else
304 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
305 #    endif
306 #  endif
307 #endif
308 
309 /*
310 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
311 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
312 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
313 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
314 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
315 ** database connection at the same time.
316 **
317 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
318 ** We support that for legacy.
319 **
320 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
321 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
322 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
323 ** also be updated there.
324 */
325 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
326 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
327 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
328 # else
329 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
330 # endif
331 #endif
332 
333 /*
334 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
335 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
336 */
337 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
338 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
339 #endif
340 
341 /*
342 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
343 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
344 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
345 */
346 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
347 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
348 #endif
349 
350 /*
351 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
352 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
353 **
354 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
355 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
356 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
357 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
358 **
359 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
360 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
361 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
362 ** assertion will be triggered.
363 **
364 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
365 ** the default.
366 */
367 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
368   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
369   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
370   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
371 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
372  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
373  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
374  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
375 #endif
376 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
377   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
378   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
379   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
380 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
381 #endif
382 
383 /*
384 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
385 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
386 */
387 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
388 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
389 #endif
390 
391 /*
392 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
393 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
394 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
395 ** it.
396 */
397 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
398 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
399 #endif
400 
401 /*
402 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
403 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
404 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
405 **
406 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
407 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
408 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
409 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
410 ** feature.
411 */
412 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
413 # define NDEBUG 1
414 #endif
415 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
416 # undef NDEBUG
417 #endif
418 
419 /*
420 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
421 */
422 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
423 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
424 #endif
425 
426 /*
427 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
428 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
429 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
430 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
431 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
432 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
433 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
434 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
435 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
436 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
437 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
438 **
439 */
440 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
441   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
442 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
443 #else
444 # define testcase(X)
445 #endif
446 
447 /*
448 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
449 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
450 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
451 */
452 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
453 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
454 #else
455 # define TESTONLY(X)
456 #endif
457 
458 /*
459 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
460 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
461 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
462 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
463 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
464 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
465 */
466 #ifndef NDEBUG
467 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
468 #else
469 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
470 #endif
471 
472 /*
473 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
474 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
475 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
476 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
477 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
478 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
479 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
480 **
481 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
482 **
483 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
484 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
485 ** not be counted as untested code.
486 */
487 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
488 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
489 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
490 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
491 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
492 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
493 #else
494 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
495 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
496 #endif
497 
498 /*
499 ** The harmless(X) macro indicates that expression X is usually false
500 ** but can be true without causing any problems, but we don't know of
501 ** any way to cause X to be true.
502 **
503 ** In debugging and testing builds, this macro will abort if X is ever
504 ** true.  In this way, developers are alerted to a possible test case
505 ** that causes X to be true.  If a harmless macro ever fails, that is
506 ** an opportunity to change the macro into a testcase() and add a new
507 ** test case to the test suite.
508 **
509 ** For normal production builds, harmless(X) is a no-op, since it does
510 ** not matter whether expression X is true or false.
511 */
512 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
513 # define harmless(X)  assert(!(X));
514 #else
515 # define harmless(X)
516 #endif
517 
518 /*
519 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
520 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
521 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
522 **
523 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
524 */
525 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
526 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
527 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
528 #else
529 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
530 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
531 #endif
532 
533 /*
534 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
535 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
536 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
537 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
538 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
539 */
540 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
541 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
542 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
543 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
544 #else
545 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
546 #endif
547 
548 /*
549 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
550 */
551 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
552     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
553   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
554 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
555 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
556 #else
557 # define OSTRACE(X)
558 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
559 #endif
560 
561 /*
562 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
563 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
564 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
565 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
566 */
567 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
568     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
569 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
570 #else
571 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
572 #endif
573 
574 /*
575 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
576 */
577 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
578 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
579 #endif
580 
581 /*
582 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
583 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
584 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
585 */
586 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
587 
588 /*
589 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
590 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
591 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
592 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
593 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
594 */
595 #define likely(X)    (X)
596 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
597 
598 #include "hash.h"
599 #include "parse.h"
600 #include <stdio.h>
601 #include <stdlib.h>
602 #include <string.h>
603 #include <assert.h>
604 #include <stddef.h>
605 
606 /*
607 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
608 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
609 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
610 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
611 ** hack only.
612 */
613 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
614 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
615                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
616 #endif
617 
618 /*
619 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
620 ** substitute integer for floating-point
621 */
622 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
623 # define double sqlite_int64
624 # define float sqlite_int64
625 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
626 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
627 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
628 # endif
629 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
630 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
631 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
632 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
633 #endif
634 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
635 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
636 #endif
637 
638 /*
639 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
640 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
641 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
642 */
643 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
644 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
645 #else
646 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
647 #endif
648 
649 /*
650 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
651 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
652 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
653 ** that the library can read.
654 */
655 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
656 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
657 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
658 #endif
659 
660 /*
661 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
662 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
663 */
664 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
665 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
666 #endif
667 
668 /*
669 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
670 ** on the command-line
671 */
672 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
673 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
674 #endif
675 
676 /*
677 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
678 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
679 ** to zero.
680 */
681 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
682 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
683 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
684 #endif
685 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
686 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
687 #endif
688 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
689 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
690 #endif
691 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
692 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
693 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
694 #endif
695 
696 /*
697 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
698 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
699 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
700 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
701 **
702 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
703 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
704 */
705 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
706 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
707 #endif
708 
709 /*
710 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
711 */
712 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
713 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
714 #endif
715 
716 /*
717 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
718 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
719 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
720 */
721 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
722 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
723 #endif
724 
725 /*
726 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
727 ** ourselves.
728 */
729 #ifndef offsetof
730 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
731 #endif
732 
733 /*
734 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
735 */
736 #ifndef MIN
737 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
738 #endif
739 #ifndef MAX
740 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
741 #endif
742 
743 /*
744 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
745 */
746 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
747 
748 /*
749 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
750 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
751 */
752 #if 'A' == '\301'
753 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
754 #else
755 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
756 #endif
757 
758 /*
759 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
760 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
761 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
762 **
763 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
764 */
765 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
766 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
767 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
768 # else
769 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
770 # endif
771 #endif
772 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
773 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
774 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
775 # else
776 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
777 # endif
778 #endif
779 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
780 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
781 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
782 # else
783 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
784 # endif
785 #endif
786 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
787 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
788 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
789 # else
790 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
791 # endif
792 #endif
793 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
794 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
795 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
796 # else
797 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
798 # endif
799 #endif
800 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
801 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
802 #endif
803 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
804 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
805 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
806 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
807 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
808 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
809 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
810 
811 /*
812 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
813 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
814 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
815 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
816 */
817 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
818 
819 /*
820 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
821 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
822 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
823 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
824 */
825 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
826  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
827 #else
828  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
829 #endif
830 
831 /*
832 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
833 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
834 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
835 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
836 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
837 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
838 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
839 **
840 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
841 **
842 ** Examples:
843 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
844 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
845 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
846 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
847 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
848 **
849 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
850 ** Examples:
851 **
852 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
853 */
854 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
855 
856 /*
857 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
858 */
859 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
860 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
861 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
862 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
863        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
864       (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__POWERPC__)) ||                     \
865       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
866 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
867 # else
868 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
869 # endif
870 #endif
871 
872 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
873 */
874 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
875   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
876 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
877   typedef u32 uptr;
878 #else
879   typedef u64 uptr;
880 #endif
881 
882 /*
883 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
884 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
885 **
886 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
887 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
888 ** contained within the buffer S.
889 */
890 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
891 
892 
893 /*
894 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
895 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
896 **
897 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
898 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
899 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
900 ** at run-time.
901 */
902 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
903 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
904      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
905      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
906      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
907 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
908 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
909        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
910 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
911 # else
912 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
913 # endif
914 #endif
915 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
916 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
917 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
918 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
919 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
920 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
921 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
922 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
923 #else
924 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
925   const int sqlite3one = 1;
926 # else
927   extern const int sqlite3one;
928 # endif
929 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
930 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
931 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
932 #endif
933 
934 /*
935 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
936 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
937 ** compilers.
938 */
939 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
940 #define LARGEST_UINT64 (0xffffffff|(((u64)0xffffffff)<<32))
941 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
942 
943 /*
944 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
945 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
946 */
947 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
948 
949 /*
950 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
951 */
952 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
953 
954 /*
955 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
956 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
957 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
958 **
959 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
960 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
961 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
962 */
963 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
964 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
965 #else
966 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
967 #endif
968 
969 /*
970 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
971 */
972 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
973 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
974 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
975 #endif
976 
977 /*
978 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
979 */
980 #ifdef __APPLE__
981 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
982 #endif
983 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
984 # if defined(__linux__) \
985   || defined(_WIN32) \
986   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
987   || defined(__sun) \
988   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
989   || defined(__DragonFly__)
990 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
991 # else
992 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
993 # endif
994 #endif
995 
996 /*
997 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
998 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
999 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
1000 */
1001 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1002 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
1003 #endif
1004 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1005 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1006 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1007 #endif
1008 
1009 /*
1010 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
1011 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
1012 */
1013 #if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
1014 extern u32 sqlite3SelectTrace;
1015 #endif
1016 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1017     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE))
1018 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
1019 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
1020   if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
1021     sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
1022     sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1023 #else
1024 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
1025 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
1026 #endif
1027 
1028 /*
1029 ** Macros for "wheretrace"
1030 */
1031 extern u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
1032 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1033     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
1034 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1035 # define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
1036 #else
1037 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)
1038 #endif
1039 
1040 
1041 /*
1042 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
1043 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
1044 **
1045 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
1046 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
1047 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
1048 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
1049 */
1050 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
1051 struct BusyHandler {
1052   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
1053   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
1054   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
1055 };
1056 
1057 /*
1058 ** Name of table that holds the database schema.
1059 */
1060 #define DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE          "sqlite_master"
1061 #define DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE     "sqlite_temp_master"
1062 #define ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE           "sqlite_schema"
1063 #define ALT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE      "sqlite_temp_schema"
1064 
1065 
1066 /*
1067 ** The root-page of the schema table.
1068 */
1069 #define SCHEMA_ROOT    1
1070 
1071 /*
1072 ** The name of the schema table.  The name is different for TEMP.
1073 */
1074 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) \
1075     ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE:DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE)
1076 
1077 /*
1078 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1079 ** an array.
1080 */
1081 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1082 
1083 /*
1084 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1085 */
1086 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1087 
1088 /*
1089 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1090 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1091 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1092 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1093 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1094 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1095 */
1096 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3OomFault)
1097 
1098 /*
1099 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1100 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1101 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1102 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1103 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1104 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1105 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1106 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1107 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1108 **
1109 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1110 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1111 */
1112 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1113   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1114   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1115   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1116   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1117   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1118 #else
1119   #define SQLITE_WSD
1120   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1121   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1122 #endif
1123 
1124 /*
1125 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1126 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1127 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1128 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1129 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1130 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1131 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1132 **
1133 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1134 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1135 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1136 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1137 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1138 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1139 */
1140 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1141 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1142 
1143 /*
1144 ** Forward references to structures
1145 */
1146 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1147 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1148 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1149 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1150 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1151 typedef struct Column Column;
1152 typedef struct Cte Cte;
1153 typedef struct CteUse CteUse;
1154 typedef struct Db Db;
1155 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
1156 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1157 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1158 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1159 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1160 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1161 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1162 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1163 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1164 typedef struct Index Index;
1165 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1166 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1167 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1168 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1169 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1170 typedef struct Module Module;
1171 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1172 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1173 typedef struct ParseCleanup ParseCleanup;
1174 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1175 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1176 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1177 typedef struct Returning Returning;
1178 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1179 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1180 typedef struct Select Select;
1181 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1182 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1183 typedef struct SrcItem SrcItem;
1184 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1185 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1186 typedef struct Table Table;
1187 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1188 typedef struct Token Token;
1189 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1190 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1191 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1192 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1193 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1194 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1195 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1196 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1197 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1198 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1199 typedef struct Window Window;
1200 typedef struct With With;
1201 
1202 
1203 /*
1204 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1205 **
1206 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1207 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1208 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1209 */
1210 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1211   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1212 #else
1213   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1214 #endif
1215 
1216 /*
1217 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1218 */
1219 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1220 
1221 /*
1222 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1223 */
1224 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1225 #define MASKBIT64(n) (((u64)1)<<(n))
1226 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1227 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1228 
1229 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1230 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1231 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1232 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1233 ** just an array of integers.
1234 */
1235 typedef int VList;
1236 
1237 /*
1238 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1239 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1240 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1241 */
1242 #include "pager.h"
1243 #include "btree.h"
1244 #include "vdbe.h"
1245 #include "pcache.h"
1246 #include "os.h"
1247 #include "mutex.h"
1248 
1249 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1250 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1251 */
1252 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1253 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1254 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1255 #endif
1256 
1257 /*
1258 ** Default synchronous levels.
1259 **
1260 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1261 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1262 **
1263 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1264 **   OFF           1                         0
1265 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1266 **   FULL          3                         2
1267 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1268 **
1269 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1270 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1271 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1272 */
1273 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1274 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1275 #endif
1276 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1277 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1278 #endif
1279 
1280 /*
1281 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1282 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1283 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1284 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1285 ** databases may be attached.
1286 */
1287 struct Db {
1288   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1289   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1290   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1291   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1292   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1293 };
1294 
1295 /*
1296 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1297 **
1298 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1299 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1300 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1301 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1302 **
1303 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1304 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1305 ** sqlite3_close().
1306 *
1307 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1308 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1309 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1310 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1311 */
1312 struct Schema {
1313   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1314   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1315   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1316   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1317   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1318   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1319   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1320   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1321   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1322   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1323   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1324 };
1325 
1326 /*
1327 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1328 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1329 */
1330 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1331 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1332 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1333 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1334 
1335 /*
1336 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1337 **
1338 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1339 ** read into internal hash tables.
1340 **
1341 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1342 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1343 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1344 */
1345 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1346 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1347 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1348 
1349 /*
1350 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1351 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1352 */
1353 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1354 
1355 /*
1356 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1357 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1358 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1359 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1360 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1361 ** SQL statements.
1362 **
1363 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1364 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1365 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1366 ** objects.
1367 **
1368 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1369 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1370 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1371 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1372 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1373 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1374 **
1375 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1376 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1377 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1378 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1379 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1380 **
1381 ** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
1382 ** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
1383 ** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
1384 ** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
1385 ** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
1386 ** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
1387 **
1388 ** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
1389 ** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
1390 ** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
1391 ** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
1392 ** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
1393 ** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
1394 ** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
1395 ** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
1396 ** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
1397 ** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
1398 ** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
1399 */
1400 struct Lookaside {
1401   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1402   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1403   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1404   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1405   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1406   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1407   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1408   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1409 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1410   LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
1411   LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
1412   void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
1413                           ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
1414 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
1415   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1416   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1417 };
1418 struct LookasideSlot {
1419   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1420 };
1421 
1422 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1423 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1424    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1425 
1426 /* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
1427 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1428 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
1429 #else
1430 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
1431 #endif
1432 
1433 /*
1434 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1435 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1436 **
1437 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1438 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1439 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1440 */
1441 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1442 struct FuncDefHash {
1443   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1444 };
1445 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1446 
1447 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1448 /*
1449 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1450 ** to manage user authentication.
1451 */
1452 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1453 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1454   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1455   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1456   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1457   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1458 };
1459 
1460 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1461 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1462 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1463 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1464 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1465 
1466 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1467 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1468 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1469 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1470 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1471 
1472 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1473 
1474 /*
1475 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1476 */
1477 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1478   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1479                                const char*, const char*);
1480 #else
1481   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1482                                const char*);
1483 #endif
1484 
1485 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1486 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1487 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1488 */
1489 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1490 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1491 #else
1492 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1493 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1494 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1495 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1496 
1497 /*
1498 ** Maximum number of sqlite3.aDb[] entries.  This is the number of attached
1499 ** databases plus 2 for "main" and "temp".
1500 */
1501 #define SQLITE_MAX_DB (SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2)
1502 
1503 /*
1504 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1505 */
1506 struct sqlite3 {
1507   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1508   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1509   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
1510   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1511   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1512   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1513   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1514   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1515   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1516   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1517   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1518   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1519   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1520   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1521   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1522   u32 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1523   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1524   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1525   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1526   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1527   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1528   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1529   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1530   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1531   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1532   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1533   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1534   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1535   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1536   u8 eOpenState;                /* Current condition of the connection */
1537   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1538   i64 nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1539   i64 nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1540   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1541   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1542   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1543     Pgno newTnum;               /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1544     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1545     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1546     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1547     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1548     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1549     char **azInit;              /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1550   } init;
1551   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1552   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1553   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1554   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1555   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1556   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1557   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1558   union {
1559     void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);     /* Legacy trace function */
1560     int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);      /* V2 Trace function */
1561   } trace;
1562   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1563 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1564   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1565   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1566 #endif
1567   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1568   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1569   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1570   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1571   void *pUpdateArg;
1572   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1573   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1574 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1575   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1576   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1577     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1578   );
1579   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1580 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1581 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1582   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1583   void *pWalArg;
1584 #endif
1585   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1586   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1587   void *pCollNeededArg;
1588   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1589   union {
1590     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1591     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1592   } u1;
1593   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1594 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1595   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1596   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1597 #endif
1598 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1599   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1600   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1601   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1602 #endif
1603 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1604   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1605   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1606   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1607   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1608   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1609 #endif
1610   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1611   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1612   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1613   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1614   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1615   int nAnalysisLimit;           /* Number of index rows to ANALYZE */
1616   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1617   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1618   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1619   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1620   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1621   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1622 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1623   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
1624   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1625   **
1626   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1627   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1628   **
1629   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1630   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1631   ** held by Y.
1632   */
1633   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1634   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1635   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1636   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1637   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1638 #endif
1639 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1640   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1641 #endif
1642 };
1643 
1644 /*
1645 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1646 */
1647 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1648 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1649 
1650 /*
1651 ** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
1652 ** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
1653 ** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
1654 */
1655 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1656 
1657 /*
1658 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1659 **
1660 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1661 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1662 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1663 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1664 */
1665 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_SCHEMA */
1666 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1667 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1668 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1669 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1670 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1671 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1672 #define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
1673                                           ** vtabs in the schema definition */
1674 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1675                                           /*   result set is empty */
1676 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1677 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1678 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1679 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1680 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1681 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1682 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1683 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1684 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1685 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1686 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1687 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1688 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1689 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1690 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1691 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1692 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1693 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1694 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1695 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1696 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1697 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1698 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1699 #define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1700                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1701                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1702 
1703 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1704 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1705 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1706 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1707 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1708 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1709 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1710 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1711 #endif
1712 
1713 /*
1714 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1715 */
1716 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1717 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1718 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1719 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1720 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1721 #define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
1722 #define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
1723 
1724 /*
1725 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1726 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1727 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1728 */
1729 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x00000001 /* Query flattening */
1730 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x00000002 /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1731 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x00000004 /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1732 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x00000008 /* Constant factoring */
1733 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x00000010 /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1734 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x00000020 /* Covering index scans */
1735 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x00000040 /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1736 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x00000080 /* Transitive constraints */
1737 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x00000100 /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1738 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x00000200 /* The count-of-view optimization */
1739 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x00000400 /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1740 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x00000800 /* Use STAT4 data */
1741    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x0000800. Don't change it */
1742 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x00001000 /* The push-down optimization */
1743 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x00002000 /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1744 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x00004000 /* Skip-scans */
1745 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x00008000 /* The constant propagation opt */
1746 #define SQLITE_MinMaxOpt      0x00010000 /* The min/max optimization */
1747 #define SQLITE_SeekScan       0x00020000 /* The OP_SeekScan optimization */
1748 #define SQLITE_OmitOrderBy    0x00040000 /* Omit pointless ORDER BY */
1749    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x40000. Coordinate any change */
1750 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */
1751 
1752 /*
1753 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1754 */
1755 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1756 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1757 
1758 /*
1759 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1760 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1761 */
1762 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1763 
1764 /* Possible values for the sqlite3.eOpenState field.
1765 ** The numbers are randomly selected such that a minimum of three bits must
1766 ** change to convert any number to another or to zero
1767 */
1768 #define SQLITE_STATE_OPEN     0x76  /* Database is open */
1769 #define SQLITE_STATE_CLOSED   0xce  /* Database is closed */
1770 #define SQLITE_STATE_SICK     0xba  /* Error and awaiting close */
1771 #define SQLITE_STATE_BUSY     0x6d  /* Database currently in use */
1772 #define SQLITE_STATE_ERROR    0xd5  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1773 #define SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE   0xa7  /* Close with last statement close */
1774 
1775 /*
1776 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1777 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1778 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1779 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1780 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1781 **
1782 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1783 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1784 */
1785 struct FuncDef {
1786   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1787   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1788   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1789   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1790   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1791   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1792   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1793   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1794   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1795   union {
1796     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1797     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1798   } u;
1799 };
1800 
1801 /*
1802 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1803 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1804 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1805 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1806 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1807 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1808 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1809 ** FuncDestructor.
1810 **
1811 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1812 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1813 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1814 */
1815 struct FuncDestructor {
1816   int nRef;
1817   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1818   void *pUserData;
1819 };
1820 
1821 /*
1822 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1823 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1824 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1825 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1826 **
1827 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1828 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX      ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1829 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER    ==  NC_OrderAgg       == SF_OrderByReqd
1830 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH      ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1831 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF      ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1832 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT    ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1833 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT      ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1834 **     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE      ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
1835 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1836 */
1837 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1838 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1839 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1840 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1841 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1842 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1843 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1844 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1845 /*                           0x0200 -- available for reuse */
1846 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1847 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1848 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1849 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1850                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1851 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
1852 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1853 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1854 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1855 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1856 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1857 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
1858 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
1859 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER 0x08000000 /* count/min/max aggregate */
1860 
1861 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
1862 #define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
1863 #define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
1864 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
1865 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
1866 #define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
1867 #define INLINEFUNC_iif                  5
1868 #define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
1869 
1870 /*
1871 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1872 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1873 **
1874 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1875 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1876 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1877 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1878 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1879 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1880 **
1881 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1882 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1883 **
1884 **   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1885 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1886 **     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
1887 **
1888 **   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1889 **     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
1890 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1891 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1892 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1893 **
1894 **   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1895 **     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
1896 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1897 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1898 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1899 **
1900 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1901 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1902 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1903 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1904 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1905 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1906 **
1907 **   MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc)
1908 **     For math-library functions.  xPtr is an arbitrary pointer.
1909 **
1910 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1911 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1912 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1913 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1914 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1915 **
1916 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1917 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1918 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1919 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1920 **     FUNCTION().
1921 **
1922 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1923 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1924 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1925 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1926 **     FUNCTION().
1927 **
1928 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1929 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1930 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1931 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1932 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1933 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1934 **     parameter.
1935 */
1936 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1937   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1938    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1939 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1940   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1941    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1942 #define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1943   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
1944    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1945 #define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
1946   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1947    xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1948 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1949   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1950    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1951 #define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1952   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
1953          SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1954    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1955 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1956   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1957    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1958 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1959   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1960    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1961 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1962   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1963    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1964 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1965   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1966    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1967 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1968   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1969    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1970 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1971   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1972    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1973 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1974   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1975    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1976 
1977 
1978 /*
1979 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1980 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1981 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1982 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1983 */
1984 struct Savepoint {
1985   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1986   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1987   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1988   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1989 };
1990 
1991 /*
1992 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1993 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1994 */
1995 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1996 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1997 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1998 
1999 
2000 /*
2001 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
2002 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
2003 ** hash table.
2004 */
2005 struct Module {
2006   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
2007   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
2008   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
2009   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
2010   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
2011   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
2012 };
2013 
2014 /*
2015 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
2016 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
2017 **
2018 ** Definitions:
2019 **
2020 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
2021 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
2022 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
2023 **
2024 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
2025 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
2026 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
2027 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
2028 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
2029 **                            columns to the left.
2030 **
2031 ** Notes on zCnName:
2032 ** The zCnName field stores the name of the column, the datatype of the
2033 ** column, and the collating sequence for the column, in that order, all in
2034 ** a single allocation.  Each string is 0x00 terminated.  The datatype
2035 ** is only included if the COLFLAG_HASTYPE bit of colFlags is set and the
2036 ** collating sequence name is only included if the COLFLAG_HASCOLL bit is
2037 ** set.
2038 */
2039 struct Column {
2040   char *zCnName;        /* Name of this column */
2041   unsigned notNull :4;  /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
2042   unsigned eCType :4;   /* One of the standard types */
2043   char affinity;        /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
2044   u8 szEst;             /* Est size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
2045   u8 hName;             /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
2046   u16 iDflt;            /* 1-based index of DEFAULT.  0 means "none" */
2047   u16 colFlags;         /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
2048 };
2049 
2050 /* Allowed values for Column.eCType.
2051 **
2052 ** Values must match entries in the global constant arrays
2053 ** sqlite3StdTypeLen[] and sqlite3StdType[].  Each value is one more
2054 ** than the offset into these arrays for the corresponding name.
2055 ** Adjust the SQLITE_N_STDTYPE value if adding or removing entries.
2056 */
2057 #define COLTYPE_CUSTOM      0   /* Type appended to zName */
2058 #define COLTYPE_ANY         1
2059 #define COLTYPE_BLOB        2
2060 #define COLTYPE_INT         3
2061 #define COLTYPE_INTEGER     4
2062 #define COLTYPE_REAL        5
2063 #define COLTYPE_TEXT        6
2064 #define SQLITE_N_STDTYPE    6  /* Number of standard types */
2065 
2066 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags.
2067 **
2068 ** Constraints:
2069 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2070 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2071 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2072 */
2073 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
2074 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
2075 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
2076 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
2077 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
2078 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
2079 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
2080 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
2081 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
2082 #define COLFLAG_HASCOLL   0x0200   /* Has collating sequence name in zCnName */
2083 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2084 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2085 
2086 /*
2087 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
2088 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
2089 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
2090 **
2091 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
2092 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
2093 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
2094 */
2095 struct CollSeq {
2096   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
2097   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
2098   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
2099   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
2100   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
2101 };
2102 
2103 /*
2104 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
2105 */
2106 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
2107 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
2108 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
2109 
2110 /*
2111 ** Column affinity types.
2112 **
2113 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
2114 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
2115 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
2116 **
2117 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
2118 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
2119 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
2120 **
2121 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
2122 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
2123 */
2124 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
2125 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
2126 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
2127 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
2128 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
2129 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
2130 
2131 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
2132 
2133 /*
2134 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
2135 ** affinity value.
2136 */
2137 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
2138 
2139 /*
2140 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
2141 ** changing the affinity.
2142 **
2143 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
2144 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
2145 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
2146 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
2147 */
2148 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
2149 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
2150 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
2151 
2152 /*
2153 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
2154 ** the database schema.
2155 **
2156 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
2157 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
2158 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
2159 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
2160 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
2161 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
2162 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
2163 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
2164 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
2165 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
2166 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
2167 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
2168 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
2169 **
2170 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
2171 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
2172 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
2173 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
2174 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
2175 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
2176 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
2177 **
2178 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
2179 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
2180 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
2181 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
2182 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
2183 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
2184 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
2185 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
2186 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
2187 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
2188 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
2189 **
2190 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
2191 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
2192 ** the first argument.
2193 */
2194 struct VTable {
2195   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
2196   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
2197   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
2198   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
2199   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
2200   u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
2201   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
2202   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
2203 };
2204 
2205 /* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
2206 */
2207 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
2208 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
2209 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
2210 
2211 /*
2212 ** The schema for each SQL table, virtual table, and view is represented
2213 ** in memory by an instance of the following structure.
2214 */
2215 struct Table {
2216   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2217   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2218   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2219   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2220   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2221                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2222   Pgno tnum;           /* Root BTree page for this table */
2223   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2224   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2225   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2226   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2227   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2228   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2229   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2230 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2231   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2232 #endif
2233   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2234   u8 eTabType;         /* 0: normal, 1: virtual, 2: view */
2235   union {
2236     struct {             /* Used by ordinary tables: */
2237       int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2238       FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2239       ExprList *pDfltList; /* DEFAULT clauses on various columns.
2240                            ** Or the AS clause for generated columns. */
2241     } tab;
2242     struct {             /* Used by views: */
2243       Select *pSelect;     /* View definition */
2244     } view;
2245     struct {             /* Used by virtual tables only: */
2246       int nArg;            /* Number of arguments to the module */
2247       char **azArg;        /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2248       VTable *p;           /* List of VTable objects. */
2249     } vtab;
2250   } u;
2251   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers on this object */
2252   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2253 };
2254 
2255 /*
2256 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2257 **
2258 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2259 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2260 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2261 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2262 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2263 **
2264 ** Constraints:
2265 **
2266 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2267 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2268 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2269 */
2270 #define TF_Readonly       0x00000001 /* Read-only system table */
2271 #define TF_HasHidden      0x00000002 /* Has one or more hidden columns */
2272 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey  0x00000004 /* Table has a primary key */
2273 #define TF_Autoincrement  0x00000008 /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2274 #define TF_HasStat1       0x00000010 /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2275 #define TF_HasVirtual     0x00000020 /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2276 #define TF_HasStored      0x00000040 /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2277 #define TF_HasGenerated   0x00000060 /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2278 #define TF_WithoutRowid   0x00000080 /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2279 #define TF_StatsUsed      0x00000100 /* Query planner decisions affected by
2280                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2281 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid 0x00000200 /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2282 #define TF_OOOHidden      0x00000400 /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2283 #define TF_HasNotNull     0x00000800 /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2284 #define TF_Shadow         0x00001000 /* True for a shadow table */
2285 #define TF_HasStat4       0x00002000 /* STAT4 info available for this table */
2286 #define TF_Ephemeral      0x00004000 /* An ephemeral table */
2287 #define TF_Eponymous      0x00008000 /* An eponymous virtual table */
2288 #define TF_Strict         0x00010000 /* STRICT mode */
2289 
2290 /*
2291 ** Allowed values for Table.eTabType
2292 */
2293 #define TABTYP_NORM      0     /* Ordinary table */
2294 #define TABTYP_VTAB      1     /* Virtual table */
2295 #define TABTYP_VIEW      2     /* A view */
2296 
2297 #define IsView(X)           ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VIEW)
2298 #define IsOrdinaryTable(X)  ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_NORM)
2299 
2300 /*
2301 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2302 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2303 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2304 */
2305 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2306 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2307 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
2308     ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab!=0 && (X)->y.pTab->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2309 #else
2310 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2311 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
2312 #endif
2313 
2314 /*
2315 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2316 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2317 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2318 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2319 */
2320 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2321 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2322 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2323 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2324 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2325 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2326 #else
2327 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2328 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2329 #endif
2330 
2331 
2332 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2333 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2334 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2335 
2336 /*
2337 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2338 **
2339 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2340 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2341 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2342 ** Consider this example:
2343 **
2344 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2345 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2346 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2347 **     );
2348 **
2349 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2350 ** Equivalent names:
2351 **
2352 **     from-table == child-table
2353 **       to-table == parent-table
2354 **
2355 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2356 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2357 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2358 **
2359 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2360 **
2361 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2362 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2363 */
2364 struct FKey {
2365   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2366   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2367   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2368   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2369   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2370   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2371   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2372   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2373   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2374   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2375   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2376     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2377     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2378   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2379 };
2380 
2381 /*
2382 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2383 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2384 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2385 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2386 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2387 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2388 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2389 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2390 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2391 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2392 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2393 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2394 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2395 ** UPDATE applies to insert operations only and means that the insert
2396 ** is omitted and the DO UPDATE clause of an upsert is run instead.
2397 **
2398 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, SETDFLT, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2399 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2400 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2401 ** key is set to NULL.  SETDFLT means that the foreign key is set
2402 ** to its default value.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2403 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2404 ** foreign key.
2405 **
2406 ** The OE_Default value is a place holder that means to use whatever
2407 ** conflict resolution algorthm is required from context.
2408 **
2409 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2410 ** of conflict resolution action to take.
2411 */
2412 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2413 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2414 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2415 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2416 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2417 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2418 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2419 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2420 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2421 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2422 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2423 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2424 
2425 
2426 /*
2427 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2428 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2429 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2430 **
2431 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2432 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2433 ** for the rowid at the end.
2434 */
2435 struct KeyInfo {
2436   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2437   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2438   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2439   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2440   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2441   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2442   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2443 };
2444 
2445 /*
2446 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2447 */
2448 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2449 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2450 
2451 /*
2452 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2453 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2454 **
2455 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2456 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2457 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2458 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2459 ** OP_Column opcode.
2460 **
2461 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2462 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2463 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2464 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2465 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2466 **
2467 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2468 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2469 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2470 ** is in DESC order.
2471 **
2472 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2473 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2474 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2475 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2476 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2477 ** find the first match.
2478 **
2479 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2480 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2481 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2482 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2483 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2484 ** b-tree.
2485 */
2486 struct UnpackedRecord {
2487   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2488   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2489   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2490   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2491   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2492   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2493   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2494   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2495 };
2496 
2497 
2498 /*
2499 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2500 ** instance of the following structure.
2501 **
2502 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2503 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2504 ** we have the following table and index:
2505 **
2506 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2507 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2508 **
2509 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2510 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2511 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2512 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2513 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2514 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2515 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2516 **
2517 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2518 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2519 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2520 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2521 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2522 ** element.
2523 **
2524 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2525 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
2526 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2527 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2528 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2529 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2530 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2531 */
2532 struct Index {
2533   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2534   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2535   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2536   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2537   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2538   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2539   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2540   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2541   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2542   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2543   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2544   Pgno tnum;               /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2545   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2546   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2547   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2548   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2549   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2550   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2551   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2552   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2553   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2554   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2555   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2556   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2557   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2558   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2559 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2560   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2561   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2562   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2563   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2564   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2565   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2566 #endif
2567   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2568 };
2569 
2570 /*
2571 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2572 */
2573 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2574 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2575 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2576 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2577 
2578 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2579 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2580 
2581 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2582 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2583 
2584 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2585 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2586 */
2587 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2588 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2589 
2590 /*
2591 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2592 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2593 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2594 */
2595 struct IndexSample {
2596   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2597   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2598   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2599   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2600   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2601 };
2602 
2603 /*
2604 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2605 */
2606 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2607 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2608 
2609 /*
2610 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2611 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2612 **
2613 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2614 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2615 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2616 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2617 ** static string.
2618 */
2619 struct Token {
2620   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2621   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2622 };
2623 
2624 /*
2625 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2626 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2627 **
2628 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2629 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iAgg field is the index in
2630 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2631 ** code for that node.
2632 **
2633 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2634 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2635 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2636 */
2637 struct AggInfo {
2638   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2639                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2640   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2641                           ** than the source table */
2642   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2643   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2644   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2645   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2646   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2647   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2648     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2649     Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
2650     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2651     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2652     i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2653     i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2654   } *aCol;
2655   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2656   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2657                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2658                           ** aggregate functions */
2659   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2660     Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
2661     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2662     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2663     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2664     int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
2665   } *aFunc;
2666   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2667   u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
2668 };
2669 
2670 /*
2671 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2672 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2673 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2674 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2675 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2676 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2677 ** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
2678 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2679 */
2680 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
2681 typedef i16 ynVar;
2682 #else
2683 typedef int ynVar;
2684 #endif
2685 
2686 /*
2687 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2688 ** of this structure.
2689 **
2690 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2691 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2692 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2693 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2694 ** tree.
2695 **
2696 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2697 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2698 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2699 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2700 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2701 **
2702 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2703 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2704 **
2705 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2706 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2707 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2708 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2709 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2710 ** valid.
2711 **
2712 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2713 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2714 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2715 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2716 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2717 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2718 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2719 **
2720 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2721 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2722 ** number for that variable.
2723 **
2724 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2725 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2726 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2727 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2728 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2729 **
2730 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2731 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2732 ** corresponding table definition.
2733 **
2734 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2735 **
2736 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2737 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2738 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2739 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2740 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2741 **
2742 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2743 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2744 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2745 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2746 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2747 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2748 */
2749 struct Expr {
2750   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2751   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2752   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2753                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2754                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2755                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2756 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2757   u8 vvaFlags;           /* Verification flags. */
2758 #endif
2759   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2760   union {
2761     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2762     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2763   } u;
2764 
2765   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2766   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2767   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2768   *********************************************************************/
2769 
2770   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2771   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2772   union {
2773     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2774     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2775   } x;
2776 
2777   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2778   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2779   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2780   *********************************************************************/
2781 
2782 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2783   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2784 #endif
2785   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2786                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2787                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2788                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2789                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2790                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2791                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2792   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2793                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2794                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2795   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2796   int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2797   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2798   union {
2799     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2800                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2801     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2802     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2803       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2804       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2805     } sub;
2806   } y;
2807 };
2808 
2809 /*
2810 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2811 ** Value restrictions:
2812 **
2813 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2814 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2815 */
2816 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2817 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2818 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2819 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2820 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2821 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2822 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2823 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2824 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2825 #define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2826 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2827 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2828 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2829 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2830 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2831 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2832 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2833 #define EP_IfNullRow  0x020000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
2834 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2835 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2836 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2837 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2838                  /*   0x400000 // Available */
2839 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2840 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2841 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2842 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2843 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2844 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2845 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2846 #define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
2847                /*   0x80000000 // Available */
2848 
2849 /*
2850 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2851 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2852 */
2853 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2854 
2855 /*
2856 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2857 ** Expr.flags field.
2858 */
2859 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2860 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2861 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2862 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2863 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2864 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2865 
2866 
2867 /* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
2868 */
2869 #define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2870 #define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */
2871 
2872 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2873 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2874 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2875 */
2876 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2877 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)   (E)->vvaFlags|=(P)
2878 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   (((E)->vvaFlags&(P))!=0)
2879 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E) (E)->vvaFlags = 0
2880 #else
2881 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2882 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   0
2883 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E)
2884 #endif
2885 
2886 /*
2887 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2888 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2889 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2890 */
2891 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2892 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2893 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2894 
2895 /*
2896 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2897 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2898 */
2899 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2900 
2901 /*
2902 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2903 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2904 */
2905 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2906 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2907 #else
2908 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2909     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2910  )
2911 #endif
2912 
2913 /*
2914 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2915 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2916 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2917 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2918 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2919 ** field is not used.
2920 **
2921 ** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
2922 ** is used for multiple purposes:
2923 **
2924 **     eEName          Usage
2925 **    ----------       -------------------------
2926 **    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
2927 **                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
2928 **
2929 **    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
2930 **                     of subqueries
2931 **
2932 **    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
2933 **                     expression.
2934 */
2935 struct ExprList {
2936   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2937   int nAlloc;            /* Number of a[] slots allocated */
2938   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2939     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2940     char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
2941     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2942     unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
2943     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2944     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2945     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2946     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2947     union {
2948       struct {
2949         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2950         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2951       } x;
2952       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2953     } u;
2954   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2955 };
2956 
2957 /*
2958 ** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
2959 */
2960 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
2961 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
2962 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
2963 
2964 /*
2965 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2966 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2967 **
2968 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2969 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2970 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2971 **
2972 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2973 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2974 **
2975 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2976 **
2977 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2978 */
2979 struct IdList {
2980   struct IdList_item {
2981     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2982     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2983   } *a;
2984   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2985 };
2986 
2987 /*
2988 ** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
2989 ** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
2990 */
2991 struct SrcItem {
2992   Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2993   char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2994   char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2995   char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2996   Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2997   Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2998   int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2999   int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
3000   int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
3001   struct {
3002     u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
3003     unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
3004     unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
3005     unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
3006     unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
3007     unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
3008     unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
3009     unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
3010     unsigned isCte :1;         /* This is a CTE */
3011     unsigned notCte :1;        /* This item may not match a CTE */
3012   } fg;
3013   int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
3014   Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
3015   IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
3016   Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
3017   union {
3018     char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
3019     ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
3020   } u1;
3021   union {
3022     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
3023     CteUse *pCteUse;  /* CTE Usage info info fg.isCte is true */
3024   } u2;
3025 };
3026 
3027 /*
3028 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
3029 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
3030 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
3031 **
3032 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
3033 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
3034 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
3035 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
3036 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
3037 **
3038 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
3039 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
3040 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
3041 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
3042 **
3043 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
3044 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
3045 */
3046 struct SrcList {
3047   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
3048   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
3049   SrcItem a[1];    /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
3050 };
3051 
3052 /*
3053 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
3054 */
3055 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
3056 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
3057 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
3058 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
3059 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
3060 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
3061 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
3062 
3063 
3064 /*
3065 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
3066 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
3067 **
3068 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3069 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
3070 */
3071 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
3072 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
3073 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
3074 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
3075 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
3076 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
3077 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
3078                                       ** the OR optimization  */
3079 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
3080 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
3081 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
3082 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
3083 #define WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT     0x0400 /* Query is "SELECT agg(DISTINCT ...)" */
3084 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
3085                         /*     0x1000    not currently used */
3086                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
3087 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
3088                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
3089 
3090 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
3091 */
3092 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
3093 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
3094 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
3095 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
3096 
3097 /*
3098 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
3099 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
3100 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
3101 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
3102 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
3103 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
3104 ** other statements.
3105 **
3106 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
3107 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
3108 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
3109 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
3110 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
3111 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
3112 **
3113 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
3114 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
3115 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
3116 ** subqueries looking for a match.
3117 */
3118 struct NameContext {
3119   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
3120   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
3121   union {
3122     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
3123     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
3124     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
3125     int iBaseReg;        /* For TK_REGISTER when parsing RETURNING */
3126   } uNC;
3127   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
3128   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
3129   int nNcErr;          /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
3130   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
3131   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
3132 };
3133 
3134 /*
3135 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
3136 **
3137 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
3138 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg       == EP_Agg
3139 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg    == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3140 **    NC_OrderAgg  == SF_OrderByReqd  == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3141 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
3142 **
3143 */
3144 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x000001 /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
3145 #define NC_PartIdx   0x000002 /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
3146 #define NC_IsCheck   0x000004 /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
3147 #define NC_GenCol    0x000008 /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
3148 #define NC_HasAgg    0x000010 /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
3149 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x000020 /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
3150 #define NC_SelfRef   0x00002e /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
3151 #define NC_VarSelect 0x000040 /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
3152 #define NC_UEList    0x000080 /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
3153 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x000100 /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
3154 #define NC_UUpsert   0x000200 /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
3155 #define NC_UBaseReg  0x000400 /* True if uNC.iBaseReg is used */
3156 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x001000 /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
3157 #define NC_Complex   0x002000 /* True if a function or subquery seen */
3158 #define NC_AllowWin  0x004000 /* Window functions are allowed here */
3159 #define NC_HasWin    0x008000 /* One or more window functions seen */
3160 #define NC_IsDDL     0x010000 /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
3161 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x020000 /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
3162 #define NC_FromDDL   0x040000 /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
3163 #define NC_NoSelect  0x080000 /* Do not descend into sub-selects */
3164 #define NC_OrderAgg 0x8000000 /* Has an aggregate other than count/min/max */
3165 
3166 /*
3167 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
3168 ** clause in an upsert.
3169 **
3170 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
3171 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
3172 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
3173 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
3174 **
3175 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
3176 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
3177 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
3178 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
3179 */
3180 struct Upsert {
3181   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflict target */
3182   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
3183   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3184   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3185   Upsert *pNextUpsert;      /* Next ON CONFLICT clause in the list */
3186   u8 isDoUpdate;            /* True for DO UPDATE.  False for DO NOTHING */
3187   /* Above this point is the parse tree for the ON CONFLICT clauses.
3188   ** The next group of fields stores intermediate data. */
3189   void *pToFree;            /* Free memory when deleting the Upsert object */
3190   /* All fields above are owned by the Upsert object and must be freed
3191   ** when the Upsert is destroyed.  The fields below are used to transfer
3192   ** information from the INSERT processing down into the UPDATE processing
3193   ** while generating code.  The fields below are owned by the INSERT
3194   ** statement and will be freed by INSERT processing. */
3195   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* UNIQUE constraint specified by pUpsertTarget */
3196   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
3197   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
3198   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
3199   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
3200 };
3201 
3202 /*
3203 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
3204 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
3205 **
3206 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
3207 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
3208 **
3209 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
3210 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
3211 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
3212 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
3213 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
3214 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
3215 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
3216 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
3217 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
3218 */
3219 struct Select {
3220   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
3221   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
3222   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
3223   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
3224   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
3225   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
3226   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
3227   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
3228   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
3229   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
3230   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
3231   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
3232   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
3233   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
3234   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
3235   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
3236 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3237   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
3238   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
3239 #endif
3240 };
3241 
3242 /*
3243 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
3244 ** "Select Flag".
3245 **
3246 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
3247 **     SF_HasAgg      == NC_HasAgg
3248 **     SF_MinMaxAgg   == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3249 **     SF_OrderByReqd == NC_OrderAgg      == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3250 **     SF_FixedLimit  == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
3251 */
3252 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
3253 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
3254 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
3255 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
3256 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
3257 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
3258 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
3259 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
3260 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
3261 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
3262 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
3263 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
3264 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
3265 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
3266 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
3267 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3268 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3269 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
3270 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
3271 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
3272 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
3273 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
3274 #define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
3275 #define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
3276 #define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
3277 #define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
3278 #define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
3279 #define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */
3280 
3281 /*
3282 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
3283 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
3284 ** Type".
3285 **
3286 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
3287 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
3288 **
3289 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
3290 **
3291 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
3292 **                     set is not empty.
3293 **
3294 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
3295 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
3296 **                     the side-effects of functions.
3297 **
3298 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
3299 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
3300 **
3301 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
3302 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3303 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3304 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3305 **
3306 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3307 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3308 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3309 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3310 **
3311 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3312 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3313 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3314 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3315 **                     the table first.
3316 **
3317 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3318 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3319 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3320 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3321 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3322 **
3323 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3324 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3325 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3326 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3327 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3328 **
3329 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3330 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3331 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3332 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3333 **
3334 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3335 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3336 **                     are distinct.
3337 **
3338 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3339 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3340 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3341 **
3342 **     SRT_Upfrom      Store results in the temporary table already opened by
3343 **                     pDest->iSDParm. If (pDest->iSDParm<0), then the temp
3344 **                     table is an intkey table - in this case the first
3345 **                     column returned by the SELECT is used as the integer
3346 **                     key. If (pDest->iSDParm>0), then the table is an index
3347 **                     table. (pDest->iSDParm) is the number of key columns in
3348 **                     each index record in this case.
3349 */
3350 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3351 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3352 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3353 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3354 #define SRT_DistFifo     5  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3355 #define SRT_DistQueue    6  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3356 
3357 /* The DISTINCT clause is ignored for all of the above.  Not that
3358 ** IgnorableDistinct() implies IgnorableOrderby() */
3359 #define IgnorableDistinct(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3360 
3361 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3362 #define SRT_Fifo         8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3363 
3364 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3365 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Fifo)
3366 
3367 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3368 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3369 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3370 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3371 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3372 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3373 #define SRT_Upfrom      15  /* Store result as data with rowid */
3374 
3375 /*
3376 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3377 ** a SELECT statement.
3378 */
3379 struct SelectDest {
3380   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
3381   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3382   int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
3383   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3384   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3385   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3386   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3387 };
3388 
3389 /*
3390 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3391 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3392 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3393 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3394 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3395 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3396 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3397 */
3398 struct AutoincInfo {
3399   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3400   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3401   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3402   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3403 };
3404 
3405 /*
3406 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3407 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3408 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3409 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3410 ** completed.
3411 **
3412 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3413 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3414 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3415 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3416 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3417 **
3418 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3419 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3420 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3421 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3422 */
3423 struct TriggerPrg {
3424   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3425   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3426   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3427   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3428   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3429 };
3430 
3431 /*
3432 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3433 */
3434 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3435   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3436 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3437 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3438 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3439 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3440 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3441 #else
3442   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3443 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3444 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3445 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3446 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3447 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3448 #endif
3449 
3450 /*
3451 ** An instance of the ParseCleanup object specifies an operation that
3452 ** should be performed after parsing to deallocation resources obtained
3453 ** during the parse and which are no longer needed.
3454 */
3455 struct ParseCleanup {
3456   ParseCleanup *pNext;               /* Next cleanup task */
3457   void *pPtr;                        /* Pointer to object to deallocate */
3458   void (*xCleanup)(sqlite3*,void*);  /* Deallocation routine */
3459 };
3460 
3461 /*
3462 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3463 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3464 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3465 **
3466 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3467 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3468 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3469 ** each recursion.
3470 **
3471 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3472 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3473 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3474 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3475 ** list.
3476 */
3477 struct Parse {
3478   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3479   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3480   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3481   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3482   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3483   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3484   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3485   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3486   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3487   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3488   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3489   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3490   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3491   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3492 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
3493   u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
3494 #endif
3495   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3496   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3497   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3498   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3499   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3500   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3501   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3502                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3503   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3504   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3505   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3506   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3507   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3508   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3509   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3510   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3511   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3512   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3513   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3514 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3515   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3516   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3517 #endif
3518   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3519   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3520   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3521   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3522   union {
3523     int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
3524     Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
3525   } u1;
3526   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3527   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3528   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3529   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3530   u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
3531   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3532   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3533 
3534   /**************************************************************************
3535   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3536   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3537   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3538   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3539   **************************************************************************/
3540 
3541   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3542   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3543 
3544   /************************************************************************
3545   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3546   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3547   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3548   ** first field in the recursive region.
3549   ************************************************************************/
3550 
3551   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3552   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3553   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3554   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3555   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3556 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3557   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3558 #endif
3559   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3560 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3561   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3562 #endif
3563   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3564   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3565   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3566   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3567   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3568                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3569                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3570   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3571   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3572 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3573   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3574   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3575 #endif
3576   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3577   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3578   ParseCleanup *pCleanup;   /* List of cleanup operations to run after parse */
3579 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3580   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3581 #endif
3582 };
3583 
3584 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3585 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3586 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3587 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3588 
3589 /*
3590 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3591 */
3592 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3593 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3594 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3595 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3596 
3597 /*
3598 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3599 */
3600 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3601   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3602 #else
3603   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3604 #endif
3605 
3606 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3607   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3608 #else
3609   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3610 #endif
3611 
3612 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3613   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3614 #else
3615   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3616 #endif
3617 
3618 /*
3619 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3620 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3621 */
3622 struct AuthContext {
3623   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3624   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3625 };
3626 
3627 /*
3628 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3629 **
3630 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3631 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3632 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3633 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3634 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3635 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3636 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3637 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3638 */
3639 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3640                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3641 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3642 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3643 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3644 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3645 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3646 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3647 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3648 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3649 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3650 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3651 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3652 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3653 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3654 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3655 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3656 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3657 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3658 #define OPFLAG_PREFORMAT     0x80    /* OP_Insert uses preformatted cell */
3659 
3660 /*
3661  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3662  * struct Trigger.
3663  *
3664  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3665  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3666  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3667  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3668  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3669  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3670  *    struct Table.
3671  *
3672  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3673  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3674  */
3675 struct Trigger {
3676   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3677   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3678   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3679   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3680   u8 bReturning;          /* This trigger implements a RETURNING clause */
3681   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3682   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3683                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3684   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3685   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3686   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3687   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3688 };
3689 
3690 /*
3691 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3692 ** determine which.
3693 **
3694 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3695 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3696 */
3697 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3698 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3699 
3700 /*
3701  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3702  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3703  *
3704  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3705  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3706  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3707  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3708  *
3709  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3710  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3711  * value of "op" as follows:
3712  *
3713  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3714  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3715  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3716  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3717  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3718  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3719  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3720  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3721  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3722  *              inserted into.
3723  *
3724  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3725  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3726  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3727  *              Otherwise NULL.
3728  *
3729  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3730  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3731  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3732  *              Otherwise NULL.
3733  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3734  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3735  *              argument.
3736  *
3737  */
3738 struct TriggerStep {
3739   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT,
3740                        ** or TK_RETURNING */
3741   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3742   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3743   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3744   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3745   SrcList *pFrom;      /* FROM clause for UPDATE statement (if any) */
3746   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3747   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE, or RETURNING clause */
3748   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3749   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3750   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3751   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3752   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3753 };
3754 
3755 /*
3756 ** Information about a RETURNING clause
3757 */
3758 struct Returning {
3759   Parse *pParse;        /* The parse that includes the RETURNING clause */
3760   ExprList *pReturnEL;  /* List of expressions to return */
3761   Trigger retTrig;      /* The transient trigger that implements RETURNING */
3762   TriggerStep retTStep; /* The trigger step */
3763   int iRetCur;          /* Transient table holding RETURNING results */
3764   int nRetCol;          /* Number of in pReturnEL after expansion */
3765   int iRetReg;          /* Register array for holding a row of RETURNING */
3766 };
3767 
3768 /*
3769 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3770 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3771 */
3772 struct sqlite3_str {
3773   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3774   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3775   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3776   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3777   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3778   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3779   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3780 };
3781 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3782 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3783 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3784 
3785 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3786 
3787 
3788 /*
3789 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3790 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3791 */
3792 typedef struct {
3793   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3794   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3795   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3796   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3797   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3798   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3799   Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
3800 } InitData;
3801 
3802 /*
3803 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3804 */
3805 #define INITFLAG_AlterRename   0x0001  /* Reparse after a RENAME */
3806 #define INITFLAG_AlterDrop     0x0002  /* Reparse after a DROP COLUMN */
3807 
3808 /* Tuning parameters are set using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE and are controlled
3809 ** on debug-builds of the CLI using ".testctrl tune ID VALUE".  Tuning
3810 ** parameters are for temporary use during development, to help find
3811 ** optimial values for parameters in the query planner.  The should not
3812 ** be used on trunk check-ins.  They are a temporary mechanism available
3813 ** for transient development builds only.
3814 **
3815 ** Tuning parameters are numbered starting with 1.
3816 */
3817 #define SQLITE_NTUNE  6             /* Should be zero for all trunk check-ins */
3818 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3819 # define Tuning(X)  (sqlite3Config.aTune[(X)-1])
3820 #else
3821 # define Tuning(X)  0
3822 #endif
3823 
3824 /*
3825 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3826 **
3827 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3828 */
3829 struct Sqlite3Config {
3830   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3831   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3832   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3833   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3834   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3835   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3836   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3837   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3838   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3839   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3840   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3841   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3842   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3843   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3844   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3845   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3846   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3847   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3848   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3849   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3850   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3851   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3852   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3853   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3854   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3855   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3856   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3857   ** initially be zero, however. */
3858   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3859   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3860   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3861   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3862   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3863   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3864   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3865   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3866   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3867 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3868   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3869   void *pSqllogArg;
3870 #endif
3871 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3872   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3873   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3874   */
3875   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3876   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3877 #endif
3878 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
3879   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3880 #endif
3881 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3882   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3883 #endif
3884   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3885   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3886   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3887   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3888   /* vvvv--- must be last ---vvv */
3889 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3890   sqlite3_int64 aTune[SQLITE_NTUNE]; /* Tuning parameters */
3891 #endif
3892 };
3893 
3894 /*
3895 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3896 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3897 **
3898 **     assert( X );
3899 **
3900 ** One writes:
3901 **
3902 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3903 **
3904 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3905 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3906 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3907 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3908 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3909 */
3910 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3911 
3912 /*
3913 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3914 */
3915 struct Walker {
3916   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3917   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3918   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3919   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3920   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3921   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
3922   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3923     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3924     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3925     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3926     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3927     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3928     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3929     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3930     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3931     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3932     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3933     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3934     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3935     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3936     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3937     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
3938     SrcItem *pSrcItem;                        /* A single FROM clause item */
3939     DbFixer *pFix;
3940   } u;
3941 };
3942 
3943 /*
3944 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3945 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3946 ** explicit.
3947 */
3948 struct DbFixer {
3949   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3950   Walker w;           /* Walker object */
3951   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3952   u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
3953   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3954   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3955   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3956 };
3957 
3958 /* Forward declarations */
3959 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3960 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3961 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3962 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3963 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3964 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3965 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3966 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3967 int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker*,Select*);
3968 void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker*,Select*);
3969 void sqlite3WalkWinDefnDummyCallback(Walker*,Select*);
3970 
3971 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3972 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3973 #endif
3974 
3975 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
3976 void sqlite3SelectPopWith(Walker*, Select*);
3977 #else
3978 # define sqlite3SelectPopWith 0
3979 #endif
3980 
3981 /*
3982 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3983 ** callbacks.
3984 */
3985 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3986 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3987 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3988 
3989 /*
3990 ** A single common table expression
3991 */
3992 struct Cte {
3993   char *zName;            /* Name of this CTE */
3994   ExprList *pCols;        /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3995   Select *pSelect;        /* The definition of this CTE */
3996   const char *zCteErr;    /* Error message for circular references */
3997   CteUse *pUse;           /* Usage information for this CTE */
3998   u8 eM10d;               /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
3999 };
4000 
4001 /*
4002 ** Allowed values for the materialized flag (eM10d):
4003 */
4004 #define M10d_Yes       0  /* AS MATERIALIZED */
4005 #define M10d_Any       1  /* Not specified.  Query planner's choice */
4006 #define M10d_No        2  /* AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
4007 
4008 /*
4009 ** An instance of the With object represents a WITH clause containing
4010 ** one or more CTEs (common table expressions).
4011 */
4012 struct With {
4013   int nCte;               /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
4014   int bView;              /* Belongs to the outermost Select of a view */
4015   With *pOuter;           /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
4016   Cte a[1];               /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
4017 };
4018 
4019 /*
4020 ** The Cte object is not guaranteed to persist for the entire duration
4021 ** of code generation.  (The query flattener or other parser tree
4022 ** edits might delete it.)  The following object records information
4023 ** about each Common Table Expression that must be preserved for the
4024 ** duration of the parse.
4025 **
4026 ** The CteUse objects are freed using sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() rather
4027 ** than sqlite3SelectDelete(), which is what enables them to persist
4028 ** until the end of code generation.
4029 */
4030 struct CteUse {
4031   int nUse;              /* Number of users of this CTE */
4032   int addrM9e;           /* Start of subroutine to compute materialization */
4033   int regRtn;            /* Return address register for addrM9e subroutine */
4034   int iCur;              /* Ephemeral table holding the materialization */
4035   LogEst nRowEst;        /* Estimated number of rows in the table */
4036   u8 eM10d;              /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4037 };
4038 
4039 
4040 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4041 /*
4042 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
4043 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
4044 */
4045 struct TreeView {
4046   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
4047   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
4048 };
4049 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
4050 
4051 /*
4052 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
4053 ** functions.
4054 **
4055 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
4056 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
4057 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
4058 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
4059 **
4060 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
4061 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
4062 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
4063 **
4064 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
4065 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
4066 **
4067 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
4068 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
4069 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
4070 **
4071 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
4072 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
4073 */
4074 struct Window {
4075   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
4076   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
4077   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
4078   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
4079   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
4080   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4081   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4082   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
4083   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
4084   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
4085   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
4086   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
4087   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
4088   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
4089   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
4090   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
4091   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
4092   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
4093   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
4094   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
4095   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
4096   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
4097   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
4098   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
4099   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
4100   int regStartRowid;
4101   int regEndRowid;
4102   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
4103                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
4104 };
4105 
4106 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4107 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
4108 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
4109 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4110 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
4111 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
4112 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
4113 int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*, int);
4114 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
4115 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
4116 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
4117 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
4118 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
4119 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4120 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
4121 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
4122 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
4123 #else
4124 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
4125 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
4126 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
4127 #endif
4128 
4129 /*
4130 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
4131 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
4132 */
4133 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
4134   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
4135     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
4136   }                                                    \
4137 }
4138 
4139 /*
4140 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
4141 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
4142 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
4143 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
4144 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
4145 */
4146 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
4147 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
4148 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
4149 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
4150 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4151 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
4152 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
4153 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4154   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
4155   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
4156 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
4157 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
4158 #else
4159 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
4160 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
4161 #endif
4162 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
4163   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
4164 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
4165 #else
4166 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4167 #endif
4168 
4169 /*
4170 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
4171 */
4172 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4173 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
4174 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
4175 #endif
4176 
4177 /*
4178 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
4179 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
4180 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
4181 */
4182 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
4183 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
4184 #endif
4185 
4186 /*
4187 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
4188 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
4189 */
4190 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
4191     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
4192 # include <ctype.h>
4193 #endif
4194 
4195 /*
4196 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
4197 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
4198 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
4199 */
4200 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
4201 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
4202 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
4203 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
4204 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
4205 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
4206 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
4207 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
4208 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
4209 #else
4210 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
4211 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
4212 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
4213 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
4214 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4215 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4216 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
4217 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
4218 #endif
4219 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
4220 
4221 /*
4222 ** Internal function prototypes
4223 */
4224 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
4225 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
4226 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
4227 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
4228 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
4229 
4230 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
4231 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
4232 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
4233 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
4234 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
4235 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
4236 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
4237 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
4238 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
4239 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
4240 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
4241 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4242 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4243 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
4244 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
4245 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
4246 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
4247 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
4248 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
4249 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
4250 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4251 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
4252 #endif
4253 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
4254 
4255 /*
4256 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
4257 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
4258 ** obtain space from malloc().
4259 **
4260 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
4261 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
4262 */
4263 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
4264 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
4265 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
4266 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
4267 #else
4268 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
4269 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
4270 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
4271 #endif
4272 
4273 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
4274 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
4275 */
4276 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
4277 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
4278 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4279 #endif
4280 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4281 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
4282 #endif
4283 
4284 
4285 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
4286   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
4287   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
4288   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
4289   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
4290   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
4291 #endif
4292 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
4293   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
4294 #else
4295 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
4296 #endif
4297 
4298 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
4299 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
4300 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
4301 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
4302 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
4303 
4304 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
4305 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
4306 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
4307 
4308 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
4309 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
4310 #else
4311 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
4312 #endif
4313 
4314 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
4315 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
4316 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
4317 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
4318   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
4319 #else
4320 # define IsNaN(X)         0
4321 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
4322 #endif
4323 
4324 /*
4325 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
4326 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
4327 */
4328 struct PrintfArguments {
4329   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
4330   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
4331   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
4332 };
4333 
4334 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
4335 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
4336 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
4337   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
4338 #endif
4339 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4340   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
4341 #endif
4342 
4343 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
4344   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
4345   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
4346   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
4347   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
4348   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
4349   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
4350 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4351   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4352   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4353 #endif
4354 #endif
4355 
4356 
4357 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
4358 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4359 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
4360 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
4361 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
4362 void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
4363 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
4364 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
4365 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
4366 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
4367 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
4368 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
4369 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
4370 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
4371 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
4372 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4373 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
4374 #endif
4375 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
4376 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4377 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
4378 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
4379 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
4380 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
4381 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
4382 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*, int);
4383 void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,Expr*,FuncDef*);
4384 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
4385 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
4386 void sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4387 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4388 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4389 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
4390 Select *sqlite3ExprListToValues(Parse*, int, ExprList*);
4391 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
4392 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
4393 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
4394 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
4395 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
4396 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
4397 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
4398 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
4399 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
4400 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
4401 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4402 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
4403 #endif
4404 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
4405 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
4406 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
4407 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
4408 void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(Parse*,Table*,Column*,Expr*);
4409 Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table*,Column*);
4410 void sqlite3ColumnSetColl(sqlite3*,Column*,const char*zColl);
4411 const char *sqlite3ColumnColl(Column*);
4412 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
4413 void sqlite3GenerateColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect);
4414 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
4415 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
4416 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
4417 void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
4418 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
4419 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
4420 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4421 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4422 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4423 #else
4424   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
4425   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
4426 #endif
4427 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
4428 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
4429   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4430 #else
4431 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4432 #endif
4433 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token,Token);
4434 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4435 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4436 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*, const char*, const char*);
4437 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4438 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4439 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4440 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u32,Select*);
4441 void sqlite3AddReturning(Parse*,ExprList*);
4442 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4443                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4444 #define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4445 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4446 
4447 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4448 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4449 #else
4450   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4451 #endif
4452 
4453 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4454 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4455 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4456 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4457 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4458 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4459 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4460 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4461 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4462 #endif
4463 
4464 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4465 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4466 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4467 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4468 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4469 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4470 
4471 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4472 
4473 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4474   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4475 #else
4476 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4477 #endif
4478 
4479 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4480   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4481 #endif
4482 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4483 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4484 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4485 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4486 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4487   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4488   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4489 #else
4490 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4491 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4492 #endif
4493 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4494 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4495   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4496 #endif
4497 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4498 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4499 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4500 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4501 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
4502 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4503 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4504                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
4505 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4506 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4507 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, SrcItem *);
4508 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
4509 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4510 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4511 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4512 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4513 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4514                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4515 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4516 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4517 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4518                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4519 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4520 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4521 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4522 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4523 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4524 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4525 #endif
4526 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4527 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4528                    Upsert*);
4529 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
4530 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4531 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4532 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4533 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4534 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4535 void sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(Vdbe*,WhereInfo*);
4536 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4537 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4538 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4539 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4540 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4541 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4542 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4543 int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
4544 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4545 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4546 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4547 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4548 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4549 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4550 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Table*, Column*, int);
4551 #endif
4552 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4553 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4554 int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4555 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4556 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4557 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4558 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4559 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4560 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4561 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4562 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4563 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4564 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4565 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4566 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4567 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4568 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4569 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,SrcItem *);
4570 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4571 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4572 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4573 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4574 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4575 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
4576 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4577 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
4578 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
4579 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4580 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4581 void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker*,Parse*);
4582 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4583 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4584 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4585 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4586 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4587 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4588 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4589 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4590 #endif
4591 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4592 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4593 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4594 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4595 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4596 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4597 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4598 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4599 u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
4600 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4601 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4602 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4603 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4604 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4605 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4606 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4607 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4608 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4609 #endif
4610 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
4611 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4612 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4613 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4614 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4615     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4616 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4617 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4618 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4619 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4620 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4621                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4622 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4623   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4624 #else
4625 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4626 #endif
4627 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4628 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4629 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4630 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4631 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4632 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4633 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4634 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4635 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
4636 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
4637 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
4638 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
4639 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
4640 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4641 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4642 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4643 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4644 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4645 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4646 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4647 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4648 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4649 With *sqlite3WithDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p);
4650 
4651 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4652 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4653 #endif
4654 
4655 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4656   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4657                            Expr*,int, int);
4658   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4659   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4660   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4661   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4662   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4663   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4664                             int, int, int);
4665   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4666   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4667   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4668   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4669                                         const char*,const char*);
4670   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4671                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4672                                         const char*,const char*);
4673   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,
4674                                         Expr*, u8, const char*,const char*);
4675   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4676                                         const char*,const char*);
4677   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4678   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4679   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4680   SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(Parse*, TriggerStep*);
4681 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4682 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4683 #else
4684 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4685 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4686 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4687 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4688 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4689 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4690 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4691 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4692 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4693 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4694 # define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
4695 #endif
4696 
4697 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4698 int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol);
4699 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
4700 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4701 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4702 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4703   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4704   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4705   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4706   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4707   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4708 #else
4709 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4710 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4711 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4712 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4713 #endif
4714 int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName);
4715 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4716 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4717 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4718 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4719 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4720 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4721 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4722 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4723 void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
4724 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4725 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4726 int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
4727 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4728 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4729 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4730 #endif
4731 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4732 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4733 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4734 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4735 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4736 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4737 #endif
4738 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4739     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
4740     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4741 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4742 #endif
4743 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4744 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4745 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4746 
4747 /*
4748 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4749 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4750 ** file.
4751 */
4752 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4753 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4754 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4755 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4756 
4757 /*
4758 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4759 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4760 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4761 */
4762 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4763   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4764 #define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
4765   B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
4766 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4767   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4768   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4769 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4770 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4771 
4772 
4773 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4774 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4775 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4776 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4777 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4778 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
4779 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4780 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4781 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4782 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4783 void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3*);
4784 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4785 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4786 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4787 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4788 
4789 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4790 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4791 #endif
4792 
4793 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
4794 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4795 #endif
4796 
4797 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4798 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4799 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4800 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4801 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4802 void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
4803 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4804 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4805 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*);
4806 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4807 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4808 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4809 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
4810 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4811 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4812 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4813 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, i64);
4814 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4815 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4816 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4817 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4818 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4819 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4820 #else
4821 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4822 #endif
4823 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4824 
4825 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4826 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4827 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4828                         void(*)(void*));
4829 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4830 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4831 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4832 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4833 #endif
4834 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4835 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4836 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4837 #endif
4838 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4839 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4840 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4841 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4842 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4843 extern const unsigned char sqlite3StdTypeLen[];
4844 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[];
4845 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeMap[];
4846 extern const char *sqlite3StdType[];
4847 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4848 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aLTb;
4849 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aEQb;
4850 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aGTb;
4851 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4852 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4853 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4854 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4855 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4856 #endif
4857 #endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
4858 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4859 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4860 #endif
4861 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, Pgno, Pgno);
4862 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4863 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4864 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4865 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4866 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4867 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4868 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4869 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4870 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4871 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4872 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, SrcItem*);
4873 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4874 int sqlite3MatchEName(
4875   const struct ExprList_item*,
4876   const char*,
4877   const char*,
4878   const char*
4879 );
4880 Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
4881 u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
4882 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4883 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4884 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4885 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4886 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4887 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4888 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4889 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4890 void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4891 void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, void*, Token*);
4892 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, void *pTo, void *pFrom);
4893 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4894 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4895 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4896 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4897 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4898 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4899 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4900 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4901 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4902 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4903 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4904 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4905 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4906 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4907 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4908 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4909 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4910 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4911 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4912 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4913 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4914 const char *sqlite3SelectOpName(int);
4915 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4916 
4917 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4918 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4919 #endif
4920 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4921   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4922   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4923   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4924   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4925   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4926   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4927 );
4928 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4929 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4930 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4931 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4932 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4933 
4934 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4935 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4936 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4937 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4938 
4939 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4940 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4941 
4942 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4943 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4944 #else
4945 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4946 #endif
4947 
4948 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
4949 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4950     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4951 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4952 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4953 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4954 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4955 #endif
4956 
4957 /*
4958 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4959 */
4960 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4961   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4962   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4963 #endif
4964 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4965 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4966 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4967   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4968 #endif
4969 
4970 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4971 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4972   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4973 #else
4974 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4975 #endif
4976 
4977 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4978   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, Pgno, u8, const char *);
4979 #else
4980   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4981 #endif
4982 
4983 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4984   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4985 #endif
4986 
4987 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4988 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(D,T)
4989 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4990 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4991 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4992 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4993 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4994 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4995 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
4996 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4997 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4998 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4999 #else
5000    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
5001    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
5002    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
5003    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
5004    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
5005    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
5006    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
5007    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
5008    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
5009    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
5010    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
5011    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
5012    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
5013      sqlite3*,
5014      const char*,
5015      const sqlite3_module*,
5016      void*,
5017      void(*)(void*)
5018    );
5019 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
5020 #endif
5021 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
5022 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5023   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
5024   int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3*,Table*,const char*);
5025 #else
5026 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
5027 # define sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(A,B,C) 0
5028 #endif
5029 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
5030 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
5031 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
5032 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
5033 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
5034 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
5035 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
5036 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
5037 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
5038 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
5039 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
5040 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
5041 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
5042 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
5043 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
5044 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
5045 void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
5046 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
5047 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
5048 #endif
5049 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
5050 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
5051 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
5052 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
5053 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
5054 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
5055 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
5056   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
5057   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
5058 #endif
5059 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
5060   Cte *sqlite3CteNew(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,u8);
5061   void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3*,Cte*);
5062   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Cte*);
5063   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
5064   With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
5065 #else
5066 # define sqlite3CteNew(P,T,E,S)   ((void*)0)
5067 # define sqlite3CteDelete(D,C)
5068 # define sqlite3CteWithAdd(P,W,C) ((void*)0)
5069 # define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
5070 # define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
5071 #endif
5072 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
5073   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
5074   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5075   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5076   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
5077   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
5078   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);
5079   int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert*);
5080 #else
5081 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(u,v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
5082 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
5083 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)         ((Upsert*)0)
5084 #define sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(x,y)     ((Upsert*)0)
5085 #define sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(x)     0
5086 #endif
5087 
5088 
5089 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
5090 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
5091 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
5092 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
5093 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
5094 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
5095 */
5096 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
5097   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
5098   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
5099   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
5100   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
5101   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
5102   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
5103 #else
5104   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5105   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5106   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
5107   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
5108   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
5109   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
5110 #endif
5111 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
5112   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
5113   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
5114 #else
5115   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
5116   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
5117 #endif
5118 
5119 
5120 /*
5121 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
5122 */
5123 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
5124 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
5125 
5126 /*
5127 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
5128 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5129 ** is not defined.
5130 */
5131 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5132   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
5133   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
5134 #else
5135   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
5136   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
5137 #endif
5138 
5139 /*
5140 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
5141 */
5142 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
5143 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
5144 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
5145 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
5146 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
5147 /*
5148 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
5149 */
5150 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
5151 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
5152 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
5153 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
5154 
5155 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
5156 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
5157 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
5158  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
5159   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
5160 #endif
5161 
5162 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
5163 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
5164 
5165 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
5166 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
5167   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
5168   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
5169 #else
5170   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
5171   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
5172 #endif
5173 
5174 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
5175 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
5176 
5177 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
5178   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
5179   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
5180   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
5181 #else
5182   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
5183   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
5184   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
5185 #endif
5186 
5187 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
5188   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
5189 #endif
5190 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
5191   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
5192 #endif
5193 
5194 /*
5195 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
5196 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
5197 ** print I/O tracing messages.
5198 */
5199 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
5200 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
5201   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
5202 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
5203 #else
5204 # define IOTRACE(A)
5205 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
5206 #endif
5207 
5208 /*
5209 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
5210 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
5211 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
5212 **
5213 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
5214 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
5215 ** a single bit set.
5216 **
5217 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
5218 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5219 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
5220 **
5221 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
5222 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5223 **
5224 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
5225 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
5226 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
5227 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
5228 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
5229 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
5230 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
5231 ** this constraint.
5232 **
5233 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
5234 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
5235 */
5236 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
5237   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
5238   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
5239   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
5240 #else
5241 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
5242 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
5243 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
5244 #endif
5245 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
5246 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
5247 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
5248 
5249 /*
5250 ** Threading interface
5251 */
5252 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
5253 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
5254 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
5255 #endif
5256 
5257 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5258 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
5259 #endif
5260 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5261 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
5262 #endif
5263 
5264 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
5265 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
5266 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
5267 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int,int);
5268 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
5269 
5270 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
5271 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
5272 #endif
5273 
5274 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
5275