xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 9bccde3d)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
16 #define _SQLITEINT_H_
17 
18 /*
19 ** Make sure that rand_s() is available on Windows systems with MSVC 2005
20 ** or higher.
21 */
22 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
23 #  define _CRT_RAND_S
24 #endif
25 
26 /*
27 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
28 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
29 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
30 ** that are included by this file.
31 */
32 #include "msvc.h"
33 
34 /*
35 ** Special setup for VxWorks
36 */
37 #include "vxworks.h"
38 
39 /*
40 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
41 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
42 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
43 **
44 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
45 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
46 ** code in all source files.
47 **
48 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
49 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
50 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
51 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
52 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
53 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
54 ** portability you should omit LFS.
55 **
56 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
57 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
58 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
59 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
60 **
61 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
62 */
63 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
64 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
65 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
66 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
67 # endif
68 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
69 #endif
70 
71 /* What version of GCC is being used.  0 means GCC is not being used */
72 #ifdef __GNUC__
73 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
74 #else
75 # define GCC_VERSION 0
76 #endif
77 
78 /* Needed for various definitions... */
79 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
80 # define _GNU_SOURCE
81 #endif
82 
83 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
84 # define _BSD_SOURCE
85 #endif
86 
87 /*
88 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
89 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
90 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
91 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
92 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
93 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
94 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
95 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
96 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
97 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
98 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
99 ** disabled.
100 */
101 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
102 # include "mingw.h"
103 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
104 # include "_mingw.h"
105 #endif
106 
107 /*
108 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
109 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
110 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
111 */
112 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
113     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
114     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
115     defined(__MSVCRT__)
116 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
117 #endif
118 
119 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
120 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
121 ** MinGW.
122 */
123 #include "sqlite3.h"
124 
125 /*
126 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
127 ** autoconf-based build
128 */
129 #ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
130 #include "config.h"
131 #endif
132 
133 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
134 
135 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
136 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
137 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
138 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
139 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
140 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
141 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
142 #endif
143 
144 /*
145 ** Include standard header files as necessary
146 */
147 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
148 #include <stdint.h>
149 #endif
150 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
151 #include <inttypes.h>
152 #endif
153 
154 /*
155 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
156 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
157 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
158 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
159 **
160 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
161 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
162 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
163 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
164 **
165 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
166 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
167 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
168 ** compiler.
169 */
170 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
171 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
172 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
173 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
174 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
175 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
176 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
177 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
178 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
179 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
180 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
181 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
182 #endif
183 
184 /*
185 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
186 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
187 **
188 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
189 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
190 ** contained within the buffer S.
191 */
192 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
193 # define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) \
194     ((uintptr_t)(P)>=(uintptr_t)(S) && (uintptr_t)(P)<(uintptr_t)(E))
195 #else
196 # define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) ((P)>=(S) && (P)<(E))
197 #endif
198 
199 /*
200 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
201 ** inlined.
202 */
203 #if defined(__GNUC__)
204 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
205 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
206 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
207 #else
208 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
209 #endif
210 
211 /*
212 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
213 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
214 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
215 */
216 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
217 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1300
218 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
219 #      include <intrin.h>
220 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
221 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
222 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
223 #    else
224 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
225 #    endif
226 #  endif
227 #endif
228 
229 /*
230 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
231 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
232 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
233 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
234 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
235 ** database connection at the same time.
236 **
237 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
238 ** We support that for legacy.
239 */
240 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
241 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
242 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
243 # else
244 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
245 # endif
246 #endif
247 
248 /*
249 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
250 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
251 */
252 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
253 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
254 #endif
255 
256 /*
257 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
258 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
259 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
260 */
261 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
262 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
263 #endif
264 
265 /*
266 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
267 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
268 **
269 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
270 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
271 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
272 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
273 **
274 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
275 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
276 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
277 ** assertion will be triggered.
278 **
279 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
280 ** the default.
281 */
282 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
283   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
284   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
285   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
286 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
287  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
288  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
289  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
290 #endif
291 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
292   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
293   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
294   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
295 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
296 #endif
297 
298 /*
299 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
300 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
301 */
302 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
303 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
304 #endif
305 
306 /*
307 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
308 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
309 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
310 ** it.
311 */
312 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
313 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
314 #endif
315 
316 /*
317 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
318 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
319 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
320 **
321 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
322 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
323 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
324 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
325 ** feature.
326 */
327 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
328 # define NDEBUG 1
329 #endif
330 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
331 # undef NDEBUG
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
336 */
337 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
338 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
339 #endif
340 
341 /*
342 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
343 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
344 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
345 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
346 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
347 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
348 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
349 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
350 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
351 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
352 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
353 **
354 */
355 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
356   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
357 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
358 #else
359 # define testcase(X)
360 #endif
361 
362 /*
363 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
364 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
365 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
366 */
367 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
368 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
369 #else
370 # define TESTONLY(X)
371 #endif
372 
373 /*
374 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
375 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
376 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
377 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
378 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
379 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
380 */
381 #ifndef NDEBUG
382 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
383 #else
384 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
385 #endif
386 
387 /*
388 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
389 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
390 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
391 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
392 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
393 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
394 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
395 **
396 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
397 **
398 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
399 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
400 ** not be counted as untested code.
401 */
402 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
403 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
404 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
405 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
406 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
407 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
408 #else
409 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
410 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
411 #endif
412 
413 /*
414 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
415 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
416 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
417 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
418 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
419 */
420 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
421 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
422 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
423 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
424 #else
425 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
426 #endif
427 
428 /*
429 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
430 */
431 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
432     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
433   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
434 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
435 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
436 #else
437 # define OSTRACE(X)
438 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
439 #endif
440 
441 /*
442 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
443 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
444 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
445 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
446 */
447 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
448     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
449 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
450 #else
451 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
452 #endif
453 
454 /*
455 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
456 */
457 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
458 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
459 #endif
460 
461 /*
462 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
463 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
464 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
465 */
466 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
467 
468 /*
469 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
470 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
471 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
472 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
473 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
474 */
475 #define likely(X)    (X)
476 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
477 
478 #include "hash.h"
479 #include "parse.h"
480 #include <stdio.h>
481 #include <stdlib.h>
482 #include <string.h>
483 #include <assert.h>
484 #include <stddef.h>
485 
486 /*
487 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
488 ** substitute integer for floating-point
489 */
490 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
491 # define double sqlite_int64
492 # define float sqlite_int64
493 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
494 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
495 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
496 # endif
497 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
498 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
499 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
500 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
501 #endif
502 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
503 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
504 #endif
505 
506 /*
507 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
508 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
509 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
510 */
511 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
512 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
513 #else
514 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
515 #endif
516 
517 /*
518 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
519 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
520 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
521 ** that the library can read.
522 */
523 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
524 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
525 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
526 #endif
527 
528 /*
529 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
530 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
531 */
532 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
533 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
534 #endif
535 
536 /*
537 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
538 ** on the command-line
539 */
540 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
541 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
542 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
543 #endif
544 
545 /*
546 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
547 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
548 ** to zero.
549 */
550 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
551 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
552 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
553 #endif
554 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
555 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
556 #endif
557 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
558 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
559 #endif
560 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
561 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
562 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
563 #endif
564 
565 /*
566 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
567 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
568 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
569 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
570 */
571 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
572 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 100
573 #endif
574 
575 /*
576 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
577 ** ourselves.
578 */
579 #ifndef offsetof
580 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
581 #endif
582 
583 /*
584 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
585 */
586 #define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
587 #define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
588 
589 /*
590 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
591 */
592 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
593 
594 /*
595 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
596 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
597 */
598 #if 'A' == '\301'
599 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
600 #else
601 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
602 #endif
603 
604 /*
605 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
606 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
607 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
608 **
609 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
610 */
611 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
612 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
613 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
614 # else
615 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
616 # endif
617 #endif
618 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
619 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
620 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
621 # else
622 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
623 # endif
624 #endif
625 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
626 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
627 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
628 # else
629 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
630 # endif
631 #endif
632 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
633 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
634 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
635 # else
636 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
637 # endif
638 #endif
639 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
640 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
641 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
642 # else
643 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
644 # endif
645 #endif
646 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
647 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
648 #endif
649 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
650 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
651 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
652 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
653 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
654 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
655 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
656 
657 /*
658 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
659 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
660 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
661 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
662 */
663 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
664 
665 /*
666 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
667 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
668 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
669 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
670 */
671 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
672  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
673 #else
674  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
675 #endif
676 
677 /*
678 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
679 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
680 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
681 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
682 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
683 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
684 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
685 **
686 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
687 **
688 ** Examples:
689 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
690 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
691 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
692 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
693 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
694 **
695 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
696 ** Examples:
697 **
698 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
699 */
700 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
701 
702 /*
703 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
704 */
705 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
706 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
707 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
708 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
709        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)
710 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
711 # else
712 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
713 # endif
714 #endif
715 
716 /*
717 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
718 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
719 **
720 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
721 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
722 ** -DSQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER=1 is set, then byte-order is determined
723 ** at run-time.
724 */
725 #if (defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
726      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
727      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
728      defined(__arm__)) && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
729 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
730 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
731 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
732 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
733 #endif
734 #if (defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__))  \
735     && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
736 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
737 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
738 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
739 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
740 #endif
741 #if !defined(SQLITE_BYTEORDER)
742 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
743   const int sqlite3one = 1;
744 # else
745   extern const int sqlite3one;
746 # endif
747 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    0     /* 0 means "unknown at compile-time" */
748 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
749 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
750 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
751 #endif
752 
753 /*
754 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
755 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
756 ** compilers.
757 */
758 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
759 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
760 
761 /*
762 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
763 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
764 */
765 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
766 
767 /*
768 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
769 */
770 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
771 
772 /*
773 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
774 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
775 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
776 **
777 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
778 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
779 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
780 */
781 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
782 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
783 #else
784 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
785 #endif
786 
787 /*
788 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
789 */
790 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
791 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
792 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
793 #endif
794 
795 /*
796 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
797 */
798 #ifdef __APPLE__
799 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
800 #endif
801 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
802 # if defined(__linux__) \
803   || defined(_WIN32) \
804   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
805   || defined(__sun) \
806   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
807   || defined(__DragonFly__)
808 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
809 # else
810 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
811 # endif
812 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1 /* exclude from ctime.c */
813 #endif
814 
815 /*
816 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
817 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
818 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
819 */
820 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
821 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
822 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
823 #endif
824 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
825 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
826 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
827 #endif
828 
829 /*
830 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
831 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
832 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
833 */
834 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
835 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
836 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
837 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
838 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
839 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
840 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
841 #endif
842 
843 /*
844 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
845 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
846 */
847 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
848 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
849 #else
850 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
851 #endif
852 
853 /*
854 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
855 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
856 **
857 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
858 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
859 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
860 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
861 */
862 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
863 struct BusyHandler {
864   int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
865   void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
866   int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
867 };
868 
869 /*
870 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
871 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
872 ** user tables and indices.
873 */
874 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
875 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
876 
877 /*
878 ** The root-page of the master database table.
879 */
880 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
881 
882 /*
883 ** The name of the schema table.
884 */
885 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
886 
887 /*
888 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
889 ** an array.
890 */
891 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
892 
893 /*
894 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
895 */
896 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
897 
898 /*
899 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
900 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
901 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
902 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
903 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
904 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
905 */
906 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
907 
908 /*
909 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
910 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
911 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
912 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
913 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
914 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
915 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
916 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
917 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
918 **
919 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
920 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
921 */
922 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
923   #define SQLITE_WSD const
924   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
925   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
926   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
927   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
928 #else
929   #define SQLITE_WSD
930   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
931   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
932 #endif
933 
934 /*
935 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
936 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
937 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
938 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
939 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
940 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
941 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
942 **
943 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
944 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
945 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
946 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
947 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
948 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
949 */
950 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
951 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
952 
953 /*
954 ** Forward references to structures
955 */
956 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
957 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
958 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
959 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
960 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
961 typedef struct Column Column;
962 typedef struct Db Db;
963 typedef struct Schema Schema;
964 typedef struct Expr Expr;
965 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
966 typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
967 typedef struct FKey FKey;
968 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
969 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
970 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
971 typedef struct IdList IdList;
972 typedef struct Index Index;
973 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
974 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
975 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
976 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
977 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
978 typedef struct Module Module;
979 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
980 typedef struct Parse Parse;
981 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
982 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
983 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
984 typedef struct Select Select;
985 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
986 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
987 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
988 typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
989 typedef struct Table Table;
990 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
991 typedef struct Token Token;
992 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
993 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
994 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
995 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
996 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
997 typedef struct VTable VTable;
998 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
999 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1000 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1001 typedef struct With With;
1002 
1003 /*
1004 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1005 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1006 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1007 */
1008 #include "btree.h"
1009 #include "vdbe.h"
1010 #include "pager.h"
1011 #include "pcache.h"
1012 #include "os.h"
1013 #include "mutex.h"
1014 
1015 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1016 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1017 */
1018 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1019 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1020 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1021 #endif
1022 
1023 /*
1024 ** Default synchronous levels.
1025 **
1026 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1027 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1028 **
1029 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1030 **   OFF           1                         0
1031 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1032 **   FULL          3                         2
1033 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1034 **
1035 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1036 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1037 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1038 */
1039 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1040 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS (PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL-1)
1041 #endif
1042 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1043 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1044 #endif
1045 
1046 /*
1047 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1048 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1049 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1050 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1051 ** databases may be attached.
1052 */
1053 struct Db {
1054   char *zName;         /* Name of this database */
1055   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1056   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1057   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1058   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1059 };
1060 
1061 /*
1062 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1063 **
1064 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1065 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1066 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1067 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1068 **
1069 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1070 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1071 ** sqlite3_close().
1072 *
1073 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1074 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1075 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1076 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1077 */
1078 struct Schema {
1079   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1080   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1081   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1082   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1083   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1084   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1085   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1086   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1087   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1088   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1089   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1090 };
1091 
1092 /*
1093 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1094 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1095 */
1096 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1097 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1098 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1099 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1100 
1101 /*
1102 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1103 **
1104 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1105 ** read into internal hash tables.
1106 **
1107 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1108 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1109 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1110 */
1111 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1112 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1113 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1114 
1115 /*
1116 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1117 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1118 */
1119 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1120 
1121 /*
1122 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1123 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1124 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1125 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1126 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1127 ** SQL statements.
1128 **
1129 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1130 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1131 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1132 ** objects.
1133 **
1134 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1135 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1136 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1137 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1138 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1139 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1140 */
1141 struct Lookaside {
1142   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1143   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1144   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1145   int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
1146   int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
1147   int anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1148   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1149   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1150   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1151 };
1152 struct LookasideSlot {
1153   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1154 };
1155 
1156 /*
1157 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1158 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1159 **
1160 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1161 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.
1162 */
1163 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1164 struct FuncDefHash {
1165   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1166 };
1167 
1168 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1169 /*
1170 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1171 ** to manage user authentication.
1172 */
1173 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1174 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1175   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1176   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1177   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1178   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1179 };
1180 
1181 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1182 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1183 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1184 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1185 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1186 
1187 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1188 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1189 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1190 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1191 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1192 
1193 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1194 
1195 /*
1196 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1197 */
1198 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1199   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1200                                const char*, const char*);
1201 #else
1202   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1203                                const char*);
1204 #endif
1205 
1206 
1207 /*
1208 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1209 */
1210 struct sqlite3 {
1211   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1212   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1213   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1214   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1215   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1216   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1217   int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
1218   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1219   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1220   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1221   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1222   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1223   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1224   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1225   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1226   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1227   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1228   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1229   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1230   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1231   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1232   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1233   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1234   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1235   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1236   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1237   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1238   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1239   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1240   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1241     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1242     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1243     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1244     u8 orphanTrigger;           /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1245     u8 imposterTable;           /* Building an imposter table */
1246   } init;
1247   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1248   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1249   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1250   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1251   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1252   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1253   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1254   void (*xTrace)(void*,const char*);        /* Trace function */
1255   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1256   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1257   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1258   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1259   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1260   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1261   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1262   void *pUpdateArg;
1263   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1264 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1265   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1266   void *pWalArg;
1267 #endif
1268   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1269   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1270   void *pCollNeededArg;
1271   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1272   union {
1273     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1274     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1275   } u1;
1276   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1277 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1278   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1279   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1280 #endif
1281 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1282   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1283   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1284   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1285 #endif
1286 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1287   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1288   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1289   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1290   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1291   VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1292 #endif
1293   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1294   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1295   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1296   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1297   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1298   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1299   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1300   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1301   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1302   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1303   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1304 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1305   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1306   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1307   **
1308   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1309   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1310   **
1311   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1312   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1313   ** held by Y.
1314   */
1315   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1316   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1317   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1318   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1319   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1320 #endif
1321 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1322   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1323 #endif
1324 };
1325 
1326 /*
1327 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1328 */
1329 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1330 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1331 
1332 /*
1333 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1334 */
1335 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1336 #define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1337 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1338 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1339 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1340 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1341 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1342 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1343                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1344                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1345 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1346                                           /*   result set is empty */
1347 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1348 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
1349 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1350 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x00001000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1351 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1352 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0004000  /* For shared-cache mode */
1353 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1354 #define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00010000  /* Ignore schema errors */
1355 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00020000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1356 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00040000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1357 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1358 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1359 #define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1360 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
1361 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00800000  /* True to enable triggers */
1362 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x01000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1363 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x02000000  /* Disable database changes */
1364 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x04000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1365 #define SQLITE_Vacuum         0x08000000  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1366 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x10000000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1367 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x20000000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1368 
1369 
1370 /*
1371 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1372 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1373 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1374 */
1375 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1376 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
1377 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1378 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1379 /*                not used    0x0010   // Was: SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt */
1380 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1381 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
1382 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1383 #define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
1384 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
1385 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1386 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1387 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x2000   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1388 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1389 
1390 /*
1391 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1392 */
1393 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
1394 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1395 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1396 #else
1397 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  0
1398 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   1
1399 #endif
1400 
1401 /*
1402 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1403 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1404 */
1405 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1406 
1407 /*
1408 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1409 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1410 ** than being distinct from one another.
1411 */
1412 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1413 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1414 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1415 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1416 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1417 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1418 
1419 /*
1420 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1421 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1422 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1423 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1424 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1425 **
1426 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1427 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1428 */
1429 struct FuncDef {
1430   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1431   u16 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1432   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1433   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1434   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1435   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1436   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1437   union {
1438     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1439     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1440   } u;
1441 };
1442 
1443 /*
1444 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1445 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1446 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1447 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1448 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1449 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1450 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1451 ** FuncDestructor.
1452 **
1453 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1454 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1455 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1456 */
1457 struct FuncDestructor {
1458   int nRef;
1459   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1460   void *pUserData;
1461 };
1462 
1463 /*
1464 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1465 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1466 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1467 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1468 */
1469 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1470 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1471 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1472 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1473 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1474 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1475 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1476 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1477 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1478 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1479 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1480 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1481 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1482                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1483 
1484 /*
1485 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1486 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1487 **
1488 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1489 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1490 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1491 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1492 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1493 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1494 **
1495 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1496 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1497 **
1498 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1499 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1500 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1501 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1502 **     a single query.
1503 **
1504 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1505 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1506 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1507 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1508 **     FUNCTION().
1509 **
1510 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1511 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1512 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1513 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1514 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1515 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1516 **     parameter.
1517 */
1518 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1519   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1520    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1521 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1522   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1523    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1524 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1525   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1526    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1527 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1528   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1529    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1530 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1531   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1532    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, }
1533 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1534   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1535    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1536 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
1537   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1538    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1539 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1540   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1541    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1542 
1543 /*
1544 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1545 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1546 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1547 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1548 */
1549 struct Savepoint {
1550   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1551   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1552   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1553   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1554 };
1555 
1556 /*
1557 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1558 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1559 */
1560 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1561 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1562 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1563 
1564 
1565 /*
1566 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1567 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1568 ** hash table.
1569 */
1570 struct Module {
1571   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1572   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1573   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1574   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1575   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1576 };
1577 
1578 /*
1579 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1580 ** of this structure.
1581 */
1582 struct Column {
1583   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1584   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1585   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1586   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1587   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1588   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1589   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1590 };
1591 
1592 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1593 */
1594 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1595 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1596 
1597 /*
1598 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1599 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1600 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1601 **
1602 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1603 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1604 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1605 */
1606 struct CollSeq {
1607   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1608   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1609   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1610   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1611   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1612 };
1613 
1614 /*
1615 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1616 */
1617 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1618 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1619 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1620 
1621 /*
1622 ** Column affinity types.
1623 **
1624 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1625 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1626 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1627 **
1628 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1629 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1630 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1631 **
1632 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1633 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1634 */
1635 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1636 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1637 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1638 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1639 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1640 
1641 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1642 
1643 /*
1644 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1645 ** affinity value.
1646 */
1647 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1648 
1649 /*
1650 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1651 ** changing the affinity.
1652 **
1653 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1654 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1655 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1656 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1657 */
1658 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1659 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1660 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1661 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1662 
1663 /*
1664 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1665 ** the database schema.
1666 **
1667 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1668 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1669 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1670 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1671 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1672 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1673 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1674 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1675 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1676 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1677 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1678 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1679 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1680 **
1681 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1682 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1683 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1684 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1685 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1686 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1687 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1688 **
1689 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1690 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1691 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1692 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1693 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1694 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1695 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1696 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1697 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1698 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1699 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1700 **
1701 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1702 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1703 ** the first argument.
1704 */
1705 struct VTable {
1706   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1707   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1708   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1709   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1710   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1711   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1712   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1713 };
1714 
1715 /*
1716 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1717 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1718 */
1719 struct Table {
1720   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1721   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1722   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1723   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1724   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1725   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1726   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1727                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1728   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1729   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1730   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1731   u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1732   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1733   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1734 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1735   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1736 #endif
1737   u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
1738   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1739 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1740   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1741 #endif
1742 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1743   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1744   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1745   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1746 #endif
1747   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1748   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1749   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1750 };
1751 
1752 /*
1753 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1754 **
1755 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1756 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1757 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1758 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1759 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1760 */
1761 #define TF_Readonly        0x01    /* Read-only system table */
1762 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x02    /* An ephemeral table */
1763 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x04    /* Table has a primary key */
1764 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x08    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
1765 #define TF_Virtual         0x10    /* Is a virtual table */
1766 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x20    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
1767 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x40    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
1768 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x80    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
1769 
1770 
1771 /*
1772 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
1773 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
1774 ** table support is omitted from the build.
1775 */
1776 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1777 #  define IsVirtual(X)      (((X)->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0)
1778 #else
1779 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
1780 #endif
1781 
1782 /*
1783 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
1784 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
1785 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
1786 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
1787 */
1788 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
1789 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1790 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1791 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
1792 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1793 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1794 #else
1795 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
1796 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1797 #endif
1798 
1799 
1800 /* Does the table have a rowid */
1801 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
1802 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
1803 
1804 /*
1805 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
1806 **
1807 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
1808 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
1809 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
1810 ** Consider this example:
1811 **
1812 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
1813 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
1814 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
1815 **     );
1816 **
1817 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
1818 ** Equivalent names:
1819 **
1820 **     from-table == child-table
1821 **       to-table == parent-table
1822 **
1823 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
1824 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
1825 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
1826 **
1827 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
1828 **
1829 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
1830 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
1831 */
1832 struct FKey {
1833   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
1834   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
1835   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
1836   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
1837   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
1838   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
1839   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
1840   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
1841   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
1842   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
1843   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
1844     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
1845     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
1846   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
1847 };
1848 
1849 /*
1850 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
1851 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
1852 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
1853 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
1854 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
1855 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
1856 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
1857 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
1858 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
1859 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
1860 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
1861 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
1862 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
1863 **
1864 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
1865 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
1866 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
1867 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
1868 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
1869 ** foreign key.
1870 **
1871 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
1872 ** of action to take.
1873 */
1874 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
1875 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
1876 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
1877 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
1878 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
1879 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
1880 
1881 #define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
1882 #define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
1883 #define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
1884 #define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
1885 
1886 #define OE_Default  10  /* Do whatever the default action is */
1887 
1888 
1889 /*
1890 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
1891 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
1892 ** comparison of the two index keys.
1893 **
1894 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
1895 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
1896 ** for the rowid at the end.
1897 */
1898 struct KeyInfo {
1899   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
1900   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
1901   u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
1902   u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
1903   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
1904   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
1905   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
1906 };
1907 
1908 /*
1909 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
1910 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
1911 **
1912 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
1913 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
1914 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
1915 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
1916 ** OP_Column opcode.
1917 **
1918 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
1919 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
1920 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
1921 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
1922 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
1923 **
1924 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
1925 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
1926 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
1927 ** is in DESC order.
1928 **
1929 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
1930 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
1931 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
1932 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
1933 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
1934 ** find the first match.
1935 **
1936 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
1937 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
1938 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
1939 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
1940 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
1941 ** b-tree.
1942 */
1943 struct UnpackedRecord {
1944   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
1945   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
1946   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
1947   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
1948   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
1949   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
1950   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
1951   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
1952 };
1953 
1954 
1955 /*
1956 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
1957 ** instance of the following structure.
1958 **
1959 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
1960 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
1961 ** we have the following table and index:
1962 **
1963 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
1964 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
1965 **
1966 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
1967 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
1968 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
1969 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
1970 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
1971 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
1972 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
1973 **
1974 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
1975 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
1976 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
1977 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
1978 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
1979 ** element.
1980 **
1981 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
1982 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
1983 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
1984 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
1985 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
1986 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
1987 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
1988 */
1989 struct Index {
1990   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
1991   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
1992   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
1993   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
1994   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1995   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
1996   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
1997   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
1998   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
1999   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2000   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2001   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2002   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2003   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2004   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2005   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2006   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
2007   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2008   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2009   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2010   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2011   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2012 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
2013   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2014   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2015   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2016   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2017   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2018   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2019 #endif
2020 };
2021 
2022 /*
2023 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2024 */
2025 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2026 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2027 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2028 
2029 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2030 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2031 
2032 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2033 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2034 
2035 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2036 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2037 */
2038 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2039 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2040 
2041 /*
2042 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
2043 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2044 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2045 */
2046 struct IndexSample {
2047   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2048   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2049   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2050   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2051   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2052 };
2053 
2054 /*
2055 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2056 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2057 **
2058 ** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
2059 ** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
2060 ** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
2061 */
2062 struct Token {
2063   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2064   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2065 };
2066 
2067 /*
2068 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2069 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2070 **
2071 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2072 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2073 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2074 ** code for that node.
2075 **
2076 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2077 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2078 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2079 */
2080 struct AggInfo {
2081   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2082                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2083   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2084                           ** than the source table */
2085   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2086   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2087   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2088   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2089   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2090   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2091     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2092     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2093     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2094     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2095     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2096     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2097   } *aCol;
2098   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2099   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2100                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2101                           ** aggregate functions */
2102   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2103     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2104     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2105     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2106     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2107   } *aFunc;
2108   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2109 };
2110 
2111 /*
2112 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2113 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2114 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2115 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2116 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2117 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2118 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2119 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2120 */
2121 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2122 typedef i16 ynVar;
2123 #else
2124 typedef int ynVar;
2125 #endif
2126 
2127 /*
2128 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2129 ** of this structure.
2130 **
2131 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2132 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2133 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2134 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2135 ** tree.
2136 **
2137 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2138 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2139 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2140 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2141 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2142 **
2143 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2144 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2145 **
2146 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2147 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2148 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2149 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2150 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2151 ** valid.
2152 **
2153 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2154 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2155 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2156 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2157 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2158 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2159 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2160 **
2161 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2162 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2163 ** number for that variable.
2164 **
2165 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2166 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2167 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2168 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2169 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2170 **
2171 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2172 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2173 ** corresponding table definition.
2174 **
2175 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2176 **
2177 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2178 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2179 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2180 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2181 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2182 **
2183 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2184 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2185 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2186 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2187 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2188 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2189 */
2190 struct Expr {
2191   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2192   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2193   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2194   union {
2195     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2196     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2197   } u;
2198 
2199   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2200   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2201   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2202   *********************************************************************/
2203 
2204   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2205   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2206   union {
2207     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2208     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2209   } x;
2210 
2211   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2212   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2213   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2214   *********************************************************************/
2215 
2216 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2217   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2218 #endif
2219   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2220                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2221                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2222                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood */
2223   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2224                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1). */
2225   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2226   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2227   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2228                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2229                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2230   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2231   Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
2232 };
2233 
2234 /*
2235 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2236 */
2237 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2238 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2239 #define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
2240 #define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
2241 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2242 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2243 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2244 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2245 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2246 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2247 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2248 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2249 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2250 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2251 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2252 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2253 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2254 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2255 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2256 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2257 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2258 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2259 #define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2260 
2261 /*
2262 ** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
2263 */
2264 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */
2265 
2266 /*
2267 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2268 ** Expr.flags field.
2269 */
2270 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2271 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2272 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2273 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2274 
2275 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2276 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2277 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2278 */
2279 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2280 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2281 #else
2282 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2283 #endif
2284 
2285 /*
2286 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2287 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2288 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2289 */
2290 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2291 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2292 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2293 
2294 /*
2295 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2296 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2297 */
2298 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2299 
2300 /*
2301 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2302 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2303 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2304 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2305 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2306 ** field is not used.
2307 **
2308 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2309 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2310 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2311 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2312 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2313 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2314 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2315 */
2316 struct ExprList {
2317   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2318   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2319     Expr *pExpr;            /* The list of expressions */
2320     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2321     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2322     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2323     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2324     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2325     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2326     union {
2327       struct {
2328         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2329         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2330       } x;
2331       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2332     } u;
2333   } *a;                  /* Alloc a power of two greater or equal to nExpr */
2334 };
2335 
2336 /*
2337 ** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
2338 ** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
2339 ** expression.
2340 */
2341 struct ExprSpan {
2342   Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
2343   const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
2344   const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
2345 };
2346 
2347 /*
2348 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2349 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2350 **
2351 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2352 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2353 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2354 **
2355 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2356 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2357 **
2358 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2359 **
2360 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2361 */
2362 struct IdList {
2363   struct IdList_item {
2364     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2365     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2366   } *a;
2367   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2368 };
2369 
2370 /*
2371 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
2372 **
2373 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
2374 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
2375 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
2376 */
2377 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
2378   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
2379 #else
2380   typedef u64 Bitmask;
2381 #endif
2382 
2383 /*
2384 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
2385 */
2386 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
2387 
2388 /*
2389 ** A bit in a Bitmask
2390 */
2391 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
2392 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
2393 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
2394 
2395 /*
2396 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2397 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2398 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2399 **
2400 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2401 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2402 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2403 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2404 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2405 **
2406 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2407 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2408 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2409 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2410 **
2411 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2412 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2413 */
2414 struct SrcList {
2415   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2416   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2417   struct SrcList_item {
2418     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2419     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2420     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2421     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2422     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2423     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2424     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2425     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2426     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2427     struct {
2428       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this able and the previous */
2429       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2430       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2431       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2432       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2433       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2434       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2435     } fg;
2436 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2437     u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
2438 #endif
2439     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2440     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2441     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2442     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2443     union {
2444       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2445       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2446     } u1;
2447     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2448   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2449 };
2450 
2451 /*
2452 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2453 */
2454 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2455 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2456 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2457 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2458 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2459 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2460 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2461 
2462 
2463 /*
2464 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2465 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2466 */
2467 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2468 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2469 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2470 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2471 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0008 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2472 #define WHERE_OMIT_OPEN_CLOSE  0x0010 /* Table cursors are already open */
2473 #define WHERE_FORCE_TABLE      0x0020 /* Do not use an index-only search */
2474 #define WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY    0x0040 /* Only code the 1st table in pTabList */
2475 #define WHERE_NO_AUTOINDEX     0x0080 /* Disallow automatic indexes */
2476 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0100 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2477 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0200 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2478 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0400 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2479 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0800 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2480 #define WHERE_REOPEN_IDX       0x1000 /* Try to use OP_ReopenIdx */
2481 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x2000 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2482 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* There is a constant LIMIT clause */
2483 
2484 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2485 */
2486 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2487 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2488 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2489 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2490 
2491 /*
2492 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2493 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2494 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2495 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2496 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2497 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2498 ** other statements.
2499 **
2500 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2501 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2502 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2503 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2504 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2505 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2506 **
2507 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2508 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2509 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2510 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2511 */
2512 struct NameContext {
2513   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2514   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2515   ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2516   AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2517   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2518   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2519   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2520   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2521 };
2522 
2523 /*
2524 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2525 **
2526 ** Note:  NC_MinMaxAgg must have the same value as SF_MinMaxAgg and
2527 ** SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX.
2528 **
2529 */
2530 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2531 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0002  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2532 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2533 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2534 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0010  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2535 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2536 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2537 
2538 /*
2539 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2540 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2541 **
2542 ** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
2543 ** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
2544 ** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
2545 ** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
2546 ** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
2547 **
2548 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2549 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2550 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2551 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2552 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2553 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2554 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2555 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2556 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2557 */
2558 struct Select {
2559   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2560   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2561   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2562   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2563   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2564 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2565   char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
2566 #endif
2567   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2568   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2569   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2570   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2571   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2572   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2573   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2574   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2575   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2576   Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
2577   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2578 };
2579 
2580 /*
2581 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2582 ** "Select Flag".
2583 */
2584 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2585 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2586 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2587 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2588 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00010  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2589 #define SF_Expanded       0x00020  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2590 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00040  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2591 #define SF_Compound       0x00080  /* Part of a compound query */
2592 #define SF_Values         0x00100  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2593 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00200  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2594 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00400  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2595 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x00800  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2596 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2597 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2598 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2599 #define SF_Converted      0x08000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2600 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x10000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2601 
2602 
2603 /*
2604 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2605 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2606 ** Type".
2607 **
2608 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2609 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2610 **
2611 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2612 **
2613 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2614 **                     set is not empty.
2615 **
2616 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2617 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2618 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2619 **
2620 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2621 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2622 **
2623 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2624 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2625 **
2626 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2627 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2628 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2629 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2630 **
2631 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2632 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2633 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2634 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2635 **
2636 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2637 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2638 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2639 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2640 **                     the table first.
2641 **
2642 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2643 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2644 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2645 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2646 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2647 **
2648 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2649 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2650 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2651 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2652 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2653 **
2654 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2655 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2656 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2657 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2658 **
2659 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2660 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2661 **                     are distinct.
2662 **
2663 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2664 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2665 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2666 */
2667 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2668 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2669 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2670 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2671 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2672 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2673 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2674 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2675 
2676 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2677 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2678 
2679 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2680 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2681 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2682 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2683 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2684 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2685 
2686 /*
2687 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2688 ** a SELECT statement.
2689 */
2690 struct SelectDest {
2691   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2692   char affSdst;        /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2693   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2694   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2695   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2696   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2697 };
2698 
2699 /*
2700 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2701 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2702 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2703 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2704 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
2705 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2706 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2707 */
2708 struct AutoincInfo {
2709   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2710   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2711   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2712   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2713 };
2714 
2715 /*
2716 ** Size of the column cache
2717 */
2718 #ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
2719 # define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
2720 #endif
2721 
2722 /*
2723 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2724 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2725 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
2726 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
2727 ** completed.
2728 **
2729 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
2730 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
2731 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
2732 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
2733 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
2734 **
2735 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
2736 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
2737 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
2738 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
2739 */
2740 struct TriggerPrg {
2741   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
2742   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
2743   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
2744   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
2745   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
2746 };
2747 
2748 /*
2749 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
2750 */
2751 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
2752   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
2753 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
2754 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
2755 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
2756 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
2757 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
2758 #else
2759   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
2760 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
2761 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
2762 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
2763 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
2764 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
2765 #endif
2766 
2767 /*
2768 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
2769 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
2770 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
2771 **
2772 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
2773 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
2774 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
2775 ** each recursion.
2776 **
2777 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
2778 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
2779 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
2780 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
2781 ** list.
2782 */
2783 struct Parse {
2784   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
2785   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
2786   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
2787   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
2788   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
2789   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
2790   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
2791   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
2792   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
2793   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
2794   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2795   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
2796   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
2797   int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
2798   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
2799   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
2800   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
2801   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
2802   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
2803   int nSet;            /* Number of sets used so far */
2804   int nOnce;           /* Number of OP_Once instructions so far */
2805   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2806   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2807   int iFixedOp;        /* Never back out opcodes iFixedOp-1 or earlier */
2808   int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
2809   int iSelfTab;        /* Table of an index whose exprs are being coded */
2810   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
2811   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
2812   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
2813   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
2814   struct yColCache {
2815     int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
2816     i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
2817     u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
2818     int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
2819     int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
2820     int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
2821   } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
2822   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
2823   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
2824   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
2825   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
2826   int cookieValue[SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2];  /* Values of cookies to verify */
2827   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
2828   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
2829   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
2830 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2831   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
2832   int nSelectIndent;   /* How far to indent SELECTTRACE() output */
2833 #endif
2834 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
2835   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
2836   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
2837 #endif
2838   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
2839 
2840   /* Information used while coding trigger programs. */
2841   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
2842   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
2843   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateTable opcode on CREATE TABLE */
2844   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
2845   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
2846   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
2847   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
2848   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
2849   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
2850 
2851   /************************************************************************
2852   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
2853   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
2854   ** using offsetof(Parse,nVar) so the nVar field must be the first field
2855   ** in the recursive region.
2856   ************************************************************************/
2857 
2858   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
2859   int nzVar;                /* Number of available slots in azVar[] */
2860   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
2861   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
2862 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2863   u8 declareVtab;           /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
2864   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
2865 #endif
2866   int nAlias;               /* Number of aliased result set columns */
2867   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
2868 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2869   int iSelectId;            /* ID of current select for EXPLAIN output */
2870   int iNextSelectId;        /* Next available select ID for EXPLAIN output */
2871 #endif
2872   char **azVar;             /* Pointers to names of parameters */
2873   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
2874   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
2875   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
2876   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
2877   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
2878   Token sNameToken;         /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
2879   Token sLastToken;         /* The last token parsed */
2880 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2881   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
2882   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
2883 #endif
2884   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
2885   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
2886   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
2887   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
2888 };
2889 
2890 /*
2891 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
2892 */
2893 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2894   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
2895 #else
2896   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
2897 #endif
2898 
2899 /*
2900 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
2901 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
2902 */
2903 struct AuthContext {
2904   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
2905   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
2906 };
2907 
2908 /*
2909 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
2910 */
2911 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
2912                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
2913 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
2914 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x02    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
2915 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
2916 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
2917 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
2918 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
2919 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
2920 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
2921 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
2922 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
2923 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
2924 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
2925 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete: keep cursor position */
2926 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
2927 
2928 /*
2929  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
2930  * struct Trigger.
2931  *
2932  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
2933  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
2934  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
2935  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
2936  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
2937  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
2938  *    struct Table.
2939  *
2940  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
2941  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
2942  */
2943 struct Trigger {
2944   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
2945   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
2946   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
2947   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
2948   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
2949   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
2950                              the <column-list> is stored here */
2951   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
2952   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
2953   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
2954   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
2955 };
2956 
2957 /*
2958 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
2959 ** determine which.
2960 **
2961 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
2962 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
2963 */
2964 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
2965 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
2966 
2967 /*
2968  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
2969  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
2970  *
2971  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
2972  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
2973  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
2974  * the first step of the trigger-program.
2975  *
2976  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
2977  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
2978  * value of "op" as follows:
2979  *
2980  * (op == TK_INSERT)
2981  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
2982  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
2983  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
2984  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
2985  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
2986  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
2987  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
2988  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
2989  *              inserted into.
2990  *
2991  * (op == TK_DELETE)
2992  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
2993  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
2994  *              Otherwise NULL.
2995  *
2996  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
2997  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
2998  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
2999  *              Otherwise NULL.
3000  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3001  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3002  *              argument.
3003  *
3004  */
3005 struct TriggerStep {
3006   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3007   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3008   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3009   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3010   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3011   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3012   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
3013   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3014   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3015   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3016 };
3017 
3018 /*
3019 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3020 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3021 ** explicit.
3022 */
3023 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3024 struct DbFixer {
3025   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3026   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3027   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3028   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3029   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3030   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3031 };
3032 
3033 /*
3034 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3035 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3036 */
3037 struct StrAccum {
3038   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3039   char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
3040   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3041   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3042   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3043   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3044   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
3045   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3046 };
3047 #define STRACCUM_NOMEM   1
3048 #define STRACCUM_TOOBIG  2
3049 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3050 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3051 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3052 
3053 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3054 
3055 
3056 /*
3057 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3058 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3059 */
3060 typedef struct {
3061   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3062   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3063   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3064   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3065 } InitData;
3066 
3067 /*
3068 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3069 **
3070 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3071 */
3072 struct Sqlite3Config {
3073   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3074   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
3075   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
3076   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3077   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3078   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3079   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3080   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3081   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3082   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3083   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3084   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3085   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3086   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3087   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3088   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3089   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3090   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3091   void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
3092   int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
3093   int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
3094   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3095   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3096   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3097   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3098   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3099   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3100   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3101   ** initially be zero, however. */
3102   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3103   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3104   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3105   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3106   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3107   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3108   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3109   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3110   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3111 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3112   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3113   void *pSqllogArg;
3114 #endif
3115 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3116   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3117   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3118   */
3119   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,int iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3120   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3121 #endif
3122 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3123   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3124 #endif
3125   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3126 };
3127 
3128 /*
3129 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3130 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3131 **
3132 **     assert( X );
3133 **
3134 ** One writes:
3135 **
3136 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3137 **
3138 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3139 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3140 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3141 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3142 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3143 */
3144 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3145 
3146 /*
3147 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3148 */
3149 struct Walker {
3150   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3151   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3152   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3153   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3154   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3155   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3156   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3157     NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
3158     int n;                                     /* A counter */
3159     int iCur;                                  /* A cursor number */
3160     SrcList *pSrcList;                         /* FROM clause */
3161     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;                /* Counting column references */
3162     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;                /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3163     int *aiCol;                                /* array of column indexes */
3164   } u;
3165 };
3166 
3167 /* Forward declarations */
3168 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3169 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3170 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3171 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3172 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3173 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3174 
3175 /*
3176 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3177 ** callbacks.
3178 */
3179 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3180 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3181 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3182 
3183 /*
3184 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3185 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3186 */
3187 struct With {
3188   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3189   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3190   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3191     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3192     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3193     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3194     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3195   } a[1];
3196 };
3197 
3198 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3199 /*
3200 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3201 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3202 */
3203 struct TreeView {
3204   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3205   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3206 };
3207 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3208 
3209 /*
3210 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3211 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3212 */
3213 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3214   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3215     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3216   }                                                    \
3217 }
3218 
3219 /*
3220 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3221 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3222 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3223 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3224 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3225 */
3226 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3227 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3228 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3229 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3230 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3231 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3232 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3233   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3234   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3235 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3236 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3237 #else
3238 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3239 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3240 #endif
3241 
3242 /*
3243 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3244 */
3245 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3246 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3247 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3248 #endif
3249 
3250 /*
3251 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3252 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3253 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3254 */
3255 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3256 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3257 #endif
3258 
3259 /*
3260 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3261 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3262 */
3263 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3264     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3265 # include <ctype.h>
3266 #endif
3267 
3268 /*
3269 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3270 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3271 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3272 */
3273 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3274 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3275 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3276 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3277 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3278 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3279 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3280 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3281 #else
3282 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3283 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3284 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3285 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3286 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3287 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3288 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3289 #endif
3290 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
3291 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3292 #endif
3293 
3294 /*
3295 ** Internal function prototypes
3296 */
3297 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3298 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3299 const char *sqlite3StrNext(const char*);
3300 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3301 
3302 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3303 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3304 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3305 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3306 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3307 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3308 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3309 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3310 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3311 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3312 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3313 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3314 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3315 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3316 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3317 void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
3318 void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
3319 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3320 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3321 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3322 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3323 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3324 #endif
3325 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3326 
3327 /*
3328 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3329 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3330 ** obtain space from malloc().
3331 **
3332 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3333 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3334 */
3335 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3336 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3337 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3338 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3339 #else
3340 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3341 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3342 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3343 #endif
3344 
3345 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3346 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3347 #endif
3348 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3349 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3350 #endif
3351 
3352 
3353 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3354   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3355   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3356   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3357   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3358   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3359 #endif
3360 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3361   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3362 #else
3363 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3364 #endif
3365 
3366 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3367 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3368 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3369 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3370 
3371 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3372 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3373 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3374 
3375 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3376   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3377 #else
3378 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3379 #endif
3380 
3381 /*
3382 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3383 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3384 */
3385 struct PrintfArguments {
3386   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3387   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3388   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3389 };
3390 
3391 void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, va_list);
3392 void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, ...);
3393 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3394 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3395 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3396   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3397 #endif
3398 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3399   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3400 #endif
3401 
3402 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3403   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3404   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3405   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3406   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3407 #endif
3408 
3409 
3410 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3411 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3412 int sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3413 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3414 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3415 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3416 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3417 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3418 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3419 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3420 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3421 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3422 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3423 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3424 #endif
3425 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3426 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3427 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3428 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
3429 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3430 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
3431 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
3432 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3433 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3434 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
3435 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3436 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
3437 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3438 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3439 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3440 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3441 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3442 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3443 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3444 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3445 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3446 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3447 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3448 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3449 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3450 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3451 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3452 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3453 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3454   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3455 #else
3456 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3457 #endif
3458 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3459 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3460 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3461 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3462 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
3463 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3464 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3465 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3466                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3467 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3468 int sqlite3CodeOnce(Parse *);
3469 
3470 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3471 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3472 #else
3473   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3474 #endif
3475 
3476 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3477 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3478 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3479 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3480 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3481 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3482 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3483 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3484 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3485 #endif
3486 
3487 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
3488 void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
3489 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3490 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3491 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3492 
3493 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3494 
3495 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3496   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3497 #else
3498 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3499 #endif
3500 
3501 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3502   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3503 #endif
3504 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3505 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3506 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3507 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3508   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3509   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3510 #else
3511 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3512 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3513 #endif
3514 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
3515 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3516 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
3517 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3518 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
3519 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3520 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3521                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3522 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3523 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3524 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3525 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3526 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3527 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3528 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3529 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3530 Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3531                           Expr*, int, int);
3532 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3533 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3534 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3535                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*,Expr*);
3536 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3537 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3538 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3539 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3540 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3541 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Expr*,char*);
3542 #endif
3543 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
3544 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
3545 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3546 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3547 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3548 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3549 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3550 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3551 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3552 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3553 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3554 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
3555 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
3556 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
3557 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
3558 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3559 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
3560 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3561 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3562 void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
3563 void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
3564 void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
3565 void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
3566 void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
3567 void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
3568 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3569 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3570 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3571 void sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int, u8);
3572 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3573 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3574 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3575 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
3576 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3577 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3578 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3579 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3580 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3581 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3582 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3583 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
3584 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
3585 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3586 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3587 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3588 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);
3589 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*);
3590 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
3591 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3592 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
3593 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3594 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
3595 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
3596 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
3597 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
3598 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3599 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
3600 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
3601 #endif
3602 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
3603 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
3604 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
3605 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
3606 void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
3607 void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
3608 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
3609 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
3610 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
3611 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
3612 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
3613 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
3614 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
3615 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
3616 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
3617 #endif
3618 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
3619 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
3620 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
3621 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
3622 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
3623     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
3624 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3625 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
3626 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
3627 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
3628                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*);
3629 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
3630 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
3631 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
3632 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
3633 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
3634 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
3635 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
3636 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
3637 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
3638 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
3639 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
3640 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
3641 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
3642 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3643 void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
3644 #else
3645 # define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
3646 #endif
3647 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
3648 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
3649 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
3650 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
3651 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
3652 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
3653 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
3654 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
3655 
3656 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3657 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
3658 #endif
3659 
3660 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
3661   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
3662                            Expr*,int, int);
3663   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
3664   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3665   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
3666   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
3667   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
3668   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
3669                             int, int, int);
3670   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
3671   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
3672   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
3673   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
3674   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
3675                                         Select*,u8);
3676   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
3677   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
3678   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
3679   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3680   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
3681 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
3682 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
3683 #else
3684 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
3685 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
3686 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
3687 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
3688 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
3689 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
3690 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
3691 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
3692 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
3693 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
3694 #endif
3695 
3696 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
3697 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
3698 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
3699 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
3700   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
3701   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3702   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
3703   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
3704   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
3705 #else
3706 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
3707 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
3708 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
3709 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
3710 #endif
3711 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
3712 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
3713 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
3714 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
3715 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
3716 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
3717 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
3718 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
3719 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
3720 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
3721 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
3722 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
3723 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
3724 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
3725 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
3726 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
3727 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3728 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
3729 #endif
3730 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
3731     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
3732     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
3733 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
3734 #endif
3735 
3736 /*
3737 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
3738 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
3739 ** file.
3740 */
3741 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
3742 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
3743 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
3744 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
3745 
3746 /*
3747 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
3748 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
3749 ** the procedure for larger varints.
3750 */
3751 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
3752   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
3753 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
3754   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
3755   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
3756 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
3757 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
3758 
3759 
3760 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
3761 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
3762 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
3763 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
3764 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
3765 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
3766 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
3767 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
3768 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
3769 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
3770 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
3771 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
3772 
3773 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
3774 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
3775 #endif
3776 
3777 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
3778 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
3779 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
3780 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
3781 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
3782 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
3783 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
3784 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
3785 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
3786 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
3787 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
3788 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
3789 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
3790 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
3791 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
3792 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
3793 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
3794 #else
3795 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
3796 #endif
3797 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
3798 
3799 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3800 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3801 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
3802                         void(*)(void*));
3803 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
3804 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
3805 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
3806 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
3807 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
3808 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
3809 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
3810 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
3811 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
3812 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
3813 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
3814 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
3815 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
3816 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
3817 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
3818 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
3819 #endif
3820 #endif
3821 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
3822 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
3823 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
3824 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
3825 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
3826 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3827 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
3828 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int, int);
3829 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
3830 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
3831 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3832 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
3833 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
3834 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
3835 void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
3836 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
3837 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
3838 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
3839 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
3840 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
3841 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, u8*);
3842 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
3843 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
3844 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
3845 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
3846 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
3847 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
3848 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
3849 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
3850 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
3851 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
3852 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
3853 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
3854 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
3855 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
3856 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
3857 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
3858 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3859 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
3860 #endif
3861 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
3862   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
3863   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
3864   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
3865 );
3866 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
3867 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
3868 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
3869 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
3870 
3871 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
3872 void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
3873 void sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(StrAccum*,const char*);
3874 void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum*,int,char);
3875 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
3876 void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
3877 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
3878 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
3879 
3880 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
3881 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
3882 
3883 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
3884 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
3885 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,u8,int,int*);
3886 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
3887 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
3888 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
3889 #endif
3890 
3891 /*
3892 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
3893 */
3894 void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64));
3895 void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
3896 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
3897 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
3898   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
3899 #endif
3900 
3901 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
3902 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
3903   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
3904 #else
3905 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
3906 #endif
3907 
3908 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3909   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
3910 #else
3911   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
3912 #endif
3913 
3914 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
3915   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
3916 #endif
3917 
3918 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3919 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
3920 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
3921 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
3922 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
3923 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
3924 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
3925 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
3926 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
3927 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
3928 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
3929 #else
3930    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
3931    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
3932    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
3933    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
3934    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
3935    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
3936    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
3937    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
3938    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
3939    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
3940    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3941 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
3942 #endif
3943 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
3944 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
3945 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
3946 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
3947 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
3948 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
3949 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
3950 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
3951 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
3952 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
3953 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
3954 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
3955 void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
3956 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
3957 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
3958 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
3959 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
3960 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
3961 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
3962 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
3963 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
3964 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
3965 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
3966   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
3967   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
3968 #endif
3969 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
3970   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
3971   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
3972   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
3973 #else
3974 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
3975 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
3976 #endif
3977 
3978 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
3979 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
3980 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
3981 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
3982 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
3983 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
3984 */
3985 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3986   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3987   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
3988   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
3989   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
3990   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
3991   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
3992 #else
3993   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
3994   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
3995   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
3996   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
3997   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
3998 #endif
3999 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4000   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4001   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4002 #else
4003   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4004   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4005 #endif
4006 
4007 
4008 /*
4009 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4010 */
4011 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4012 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4013 
4014 /*
4015 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4016 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
4017 ** is not defined.
4018 */
4019 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
4020   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4021   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4022 #else
4023   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4024   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4025 #endif
4026 
4027 /*
4028 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4029 */
4030 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4031 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4032 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4033 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4034 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4035 /*
4036 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4037 */
4038 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4039 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4040 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4041 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*);
4042 
4043 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4044 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4045 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
4046   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4047 #endif
4048 
4049 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4050 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4051 
4052 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4053 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4054   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4055   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4056 #else
4057   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4058   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4059 #endif
4060 
4061 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4062 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4063 
4064 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4065   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4066   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4067   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4068 #else
4069   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4070   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4071   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4072 #endif
4073 
4074 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4075   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4076 #endif
4077 
4078 /*
4079 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4080 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4081 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4082 */
4083 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4084 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4085   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4086 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4087 #else
4088 # define IOTRACE(A)
4089 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4090 #endif
4091 
4092 /*
4093 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4094 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4095 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4096 **
4097 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4098 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4099 ** a single bit set.
4100 **
4101 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4102 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4103 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4104 **
4105 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4106 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4107 **
4108 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4109 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4110 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4111 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4112 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4113 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4114 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4115 ** this constraint.
4116 **
4117 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4118 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4119 */
4120 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4121   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4122   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4123   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4124 #else
4125 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4126 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4127 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4128 #endif
4129 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4130 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4131 #define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
4132 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
4133 
4134 /*
4135 ** Threading interface
4136 */
4137 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4138 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4139 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4140 #endif
4141 
4142 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4143 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4144 #endif
4145 
4146 #endif /* _SQLITEINT_H_ */
4147