xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 7ac2ee0a)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /* Needed for various definitions... */
123 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
124 # define _GNU_SOURCE
125 #endif
126 
127 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
128 # define _BSD_SOURCE
129 #endif
130 
131 /*
132 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
133 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
134 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
135 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
136 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
137 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
138 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
139 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
140 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
141 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
142 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
143 ** disabled.
144 */
145 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
146 # include "mingw.h"
147 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
148 # include "_mingw.h"
149 #endif
150 
151 /*
152 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
153 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
154 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
155 */
156 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
157     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
158     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
159     defined(__MSVCRT__)
160 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
161 #endif
162 
163 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
164 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
165 ** MinGW.
166 */
167 #include "sqlite3.h"
168 
169 /*
170 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
171 ** autoconf-based build
172 */
173 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
174 #include "config.h"
175 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
176 #endif
177 
178 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
179 
180 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
181 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
182 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
183 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
184 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
185 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
186 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190 ** Include standard header files as necessary
191 */
192 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
193 #include <stdint.h>
194 #endif
195 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
196 #include <inttypes.h>
197 #endif
198 
199 /*
200 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
201 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
202 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
203 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
204 **
205 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
206 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
207 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
208 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
209 **
210 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
211 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
212 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
213 ** compiler.
214 */
215 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
216 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
217 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
218 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
219 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
220 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
221 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
222 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
223 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
224 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
225 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
226 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
227 #endif
228 
229 /*
230 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
231 ** inlined.
232 */
233 #if defined(__GNUC__)
234 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
235 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
236 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
237 #else
238 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
239 #endif
240 
241 /*
242 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
243 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
244 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
245 */
246 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
247 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
248 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
249 #      include <intrin.h>
250 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
251 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
252 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
253 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
254 #    else
255 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
256 #    endif
257 #  endif
258 #endif
259 
260 /*
261 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
262 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
263 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
264 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
265 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
266 ** database connection at the same time.
267 **
268 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
269 ** We support that for legacy.
270 **
271 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
272 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
273 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
274 ** also be updated there.
275 */
276 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
277 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
278 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
279 # else
280 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
281 # endif
282 #endif
283 
284 /*
285 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
286 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
287 */
288 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
289 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
290 #endif
291 
292 /*
293 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
294 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
295 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
296 */
297 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
298 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
299 #endif
300 
301 /*
302 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
303 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
304 **
305 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
306 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
307 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
308 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
309 **
310 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
311 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
312 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
313 ** assertion will be triggered.
314 **
315 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
316 ** the default.
317 */
318 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
319   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
320   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
322 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
323  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
324  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
325  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
326 #endif
327 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
328   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
329   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
330   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
331 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
336 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
337 */
338 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
339 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
340 #endif
341 
342 /*
343 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
344 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
345 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
346 ** it.
347 */
348 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
349 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
350 #endif
351 
352 /*
353 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
354 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
355 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
356 **
357 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
358 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
359 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
360 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
361 ** feature.
362 */
363 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
364 # define NDEBUG 1
365 #endif
366 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
367 # undef NDEBUG
368 #endif
369 
370 /*
371 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
372 */
373 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
374 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
375 #endif
376 
377 /*
378 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
379 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
380 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
381 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
382 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
383 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
384 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
385 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
386 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
387 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
388 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
389 **
390 */
391 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
392   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
393 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
394 #else
395 # define testcase(X)
396 #endif
397 
398 /*
399 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
400 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
401 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
402 */
403 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
404 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
405 #else
406 # define TESTONLY(X)
407 #endif
408 
409 /*
410 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
411 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
412 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
413 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
414 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
415 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
416 */
417 #ifndef NDEBUG
418 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
419 #else
420 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
421 #endif
422 
423 /*
424 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
425 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
426 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
427 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
428 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
429 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
430 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
431 **
432 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
433 **
434 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
435 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
436 ** not be counted as untested code.
437 */
438 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
439 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
440 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
441 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
442 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
443 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
444 #else
445 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
446 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
447 #endif
448 
449 /*
450 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
451 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
452 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
453 **
454 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
455 */
456 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
457 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
458 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
459 #else
460 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
461 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
462 #endif
463 
464 /*
465 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
466 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
467 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
468 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
469 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
470 */
471 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
472 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
473 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
474 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
475 #else
476 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
477 #endif
478 
479 /*
480 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
481 */
482 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
483     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
484   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
485 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
486 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
487 #else
488 # define OSTRACE(X)
489 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
490 #endif
491 
492 /*
493 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
494 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
495 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
496 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
497 */
498 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
499     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
500 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
501 #else
502 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
503 #endif
504 
505 /*
506 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
507 */
508 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
509 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
510 #endif
511 
512 /*
513 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
514 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
515 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
516 */
517 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
518 
519 /*
520 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
521 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
522 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
523 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
524 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
525 */
526 #define likely(X)    (X)
527 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
528 
529 #include "hash.h"
530 #include "parse.h"
531 #include <stdio.h>
532 #include <stdlib.h>
533 #include <string.h>
534 #include <assert.h>
535 #include <stddef.h>
536 
537 /*
538 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
539 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
540 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
541 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
542 ** hack only.
543 */
544 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
545 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
546                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
547 #endif
548 
549 /*
550 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
551 ** substitute integer for floating-point
552 */
553 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
554 # define double sqlite_int64
555 # define float sqlite_int64
556 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
557 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
558 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
559 # endif
560 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
561 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
562 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
563 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
564 #endif
565 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
566 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
567 #endif
568 
569 /*
570 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
571 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
572 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
573 */
574 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
575 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
576 #else
577 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
578 #endif
579 
580 /*
581 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
582 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
583 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
584 ** that the library can read.
585 */
586 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
587 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
588 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
589 #endif
590 
591 /*
592 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
593 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
594 */
595 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
596 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
597 #endif
598 
599 /*
600 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
601 ** on the command-line
602 */
603 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
604 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
605 #endif
606 
607 /*
608 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
609 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
610 ** to zero.
611 */
612 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
613 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
614 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
615 #endif
616 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
617 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
618 #endif
619 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
620 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
621 #endif
622 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
623 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
624 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
625 #endif
626 
627 /*
628 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
629 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
630 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
631 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
632 **
633 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
634 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
635 */
636 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
637 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
638 #endif
639 
640 /*
641 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
642 */
643 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
644 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
645 #endif
646 
647 /*
648 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
649 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
650 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
651 */
652 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
653 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
654 #endif
655 
656 /*
657 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
658 ** ourselves.
659 */
660 #ifndef offsetof
661 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
662 #endif
663 
664 /*
665 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
666 */
667 #ifndef MIN
668 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
669 #endif
670 #ifndef MAX
671 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
672 #endif
673 
674 /*
675 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
676 */
677 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
678 
679 /*
680 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
681 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
682 */
683 #if 'A' == '\301'
684 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
685 #else
686 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
687 #endif
688 
689 /*
690 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
691 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
692 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
693 **
694 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
695 */
696 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
697 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
698 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
699 # else
700 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
701 # endif
702 #endif
703 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
704 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
705 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
706 # else
707 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
708 # endif
709 #endif
710 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
711 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
712 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
713 # else
714 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
715 # endif
716 #endif
717 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
718 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
719 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
720 # else
721 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
722 # endif
723 #endif
724 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
725 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
726 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
727 # else
728 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
729 # endif
730 #endif
731 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
732 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
733 #endif
734 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
735 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
736 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
737 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
738 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
739 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
740 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
741 
742 /*
743 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
744 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
745 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
746 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
747 */
748 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
749 
750 /*
751 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
752 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
753 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
754 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
755 */
756 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
757  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
758 #else
759  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
760 #endif
761 
762 /*
763 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
764 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
765 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
766 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
767 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
768 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
769 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
770 **
771 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
772 **
773 ** Examples:
774 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
775 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
776 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
777 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
778 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
779 **
780 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
781 ** Examples:
782 **
783 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
784 */
785 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
786 
787 /*
788 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
789 */
790 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
791 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
792 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
793 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
794        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
795       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
796 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
797 # else
798 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
799 # endif
800 #endif
801 
802 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
803 */
804 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
805   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
806 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
807   typedef u32 uptr;
808 #else
809   typedef u64 uptr;
810 #endif
811 
812 /*
813 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
814 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
815 **
816 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
817 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
818 ** contained within the buffer S.
819 */
820 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
821 
822 
823 /*
824 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
825 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
826 **
827 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
828 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
829 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
830 ** at run-time.
831 */
832 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
833 # if defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
834      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
835      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
836      defined(__arm__)  || defined(_M_ARM64)
837 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
838 # elif defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__)
839 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
840 # else
841 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
842 # endif
843 #endif
844 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
845 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
846 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
847 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
848 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
849 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
850 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
851 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
852 #else
853 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
854   const int sqlite3one = 1;
855 # else
856   extern const int sqlite3one;
857 # endif
858 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
859 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
860 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
861 #endif
862 
863 /*
864 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
865 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
866 ** compilers.
867 */
868 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
869 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
870 
871 /*
872 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
873 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
874 */
875 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
876 
877 /*
878 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
879 */
880 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
881 
882 /*
883 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
884 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
885 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
886 **
887 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
888 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
889 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
890 */
891 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
892 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
893 #else
894 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
895 #endif
896 
897 /*
898 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
899 */
900 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
901 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
902 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
903 #endif
904 
905 /*
906 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
907 */
908 #ifdef __APPLE__
909 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
910 #endif
911 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
912 # if defined(__linux__) \
913   || defined(_WIN32) \
914   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
915   || defined(__sun) \
916   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
917   || defined(__DragonFly__)
918 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
919 # else
920 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
921 # endif
922 #endif
923 
924 /*
925 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
926 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
927 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
928 */
929 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
930 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
931 #endif
932 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
933 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
934 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
935 #endif
936 
937 /*
938 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
939 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
940 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
941 */
942 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
943 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
944 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
945 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
946 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
947 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
948 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
949 #endif
950 
951 /*
952 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
953 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
954 */
955 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
956 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
957 #else
958 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
959 #endif
960 
961 /*
962 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
963 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
964 **
965 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
966 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
967 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
968 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
969 */
970 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
971 struct BusyHandler {
972   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
973   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
974   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
975   u8 bExtraFileArg;                 /* Include sqlite3_file as callback arg */
976 };
977 
978 /*
979 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
980 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
981 ** user tables and indices.
982 */
983 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
984 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
985 
986 /*
987 ** The root-page of the master database table.
988 */
989 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
990 
991 /*
992 ** The name of the schema table.
993 */
994 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
995 
996 /*
997 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
998 ** an array.
999 */
1000 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1001 
1002 /*
1003 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1004 */
1005 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1006 
1007 /*
1008 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1009 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1010 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1011 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1012 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1013 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1014 */
1015 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
1016 
1017 /*
1018 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1019 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1020 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1021 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1022 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1023 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1024 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1025 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1026 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1027 **
1028 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1029 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1030 */
1031 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1032   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1033   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1034   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1035   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1036   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1037 #else
1038   #define SQLITE_WSD
1039   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1040   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1041 #endif
1042 
1043 /*
1044 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1045 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1046 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1047 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1048 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1049 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1050 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1051 **
1052 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1053 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1054 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1055 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1056 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1057 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1058 */
1059 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1060 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1061 
1062 /*
1063 ** Forward references to structures
1064 */
1065 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1066 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1067 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1068 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1069 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1070 typedef struct Column Column;
1071 typedef struct Db Db;
1072 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1073 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1074 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1075 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1076 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1077 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1078 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1079 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1080 typedef struct Index Index;
1081 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1082 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1083 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1084 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1085 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1086 typedef struct Module Module;
1087 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1088 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1089 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1090 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1091 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1092 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1093 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1094 typedef struct Select Select;
1095 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1096 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1097 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1098 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1099 typedef struct Table Table;
1100 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1101 typedef struct Token Token;
1102 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1103 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1104 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1105 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1106 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1107 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1108 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1109 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1110 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1111 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1112 typedef struct Window Window;
1113 typedef struct With With;
1114 
1115 
1116 /*
1117 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1118 **
1119 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1120 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1121 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1122 */
1123 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1124   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1125 #else
1126   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1127 #endif
1128 
1129 /*
1130 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1131 */
1132 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1133 
1134 /*
1135 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1136 */
1137 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1138 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1139 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1140 
1141 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1142 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1143 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1144 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1145 ** just an array of integers.
1146 */
1147 typedef int VList;
1148 
1149 /*
1150 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1151 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1152 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1153 */
1154 #include "btree.h"
1155 #include "vdbe.h"
1156 #include "pager.h"
1157 #include "pcache.h"
1158 #include "os.h"
1159 #include "mutex.h"
1160 
1161 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1162 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1163 */
1164 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1165 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1166 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1167 #endif
1168 
1169 /*
1170 ** Default synchronous levels.
1171 **
1172 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1173 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1174 **
1175 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1176 **   OFF           1                         0
1177 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1178 **   FULL          3                         2
1179 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1180 **
1181 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1182 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1183 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1184 */
1185 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1186 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1187 #endif
1188 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1189 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1190 #endif
1191 
1192 /*
1193 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1194 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1195 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1196 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1197 ** databases may be attached.
1198 */
1199 struct Db {
1200   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1201   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1202   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1203   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1204   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1205 };
1206 
1207 /*
1208 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1209 **
1210 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1211 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1212 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1213 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1214 **
1215 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1216 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1217 ** sqlite3_close().
1218 *
1219 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1220 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1221 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1222 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1223 */
1224 struct Schema {
1225   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1226   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1227   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1228   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1229   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1230   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1231   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1232   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1233   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1234   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1235   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1236 };
1237 
1238 /*
1239 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1240 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1241 */
1242 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1243 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1244 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1245 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1246 
1247 /*
1248 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1249 **
1250 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1251 ** read into internal hash tables.
1252 **
1253 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1254 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1255 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1256 */
1257 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1258 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1259 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1260 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1261 
1262 /*
1263 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1264 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1265 */
1266 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1267 
1268 /*
1269 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1270 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1271 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1272 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1273 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1274 ** SQL statements.
1275 **
1276 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1277 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1278 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1279 ** objects.
1280 **
1281 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1282 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1283 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1284 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1285 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1286 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1287 */
1288 struct Lookaside {
1289   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1290   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1291   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1292   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1293   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1294   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1295   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1296   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1297   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1298 };
1299 struct LookasideSlot {
1300   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1301 };
1302 
1303 /*
1304 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1305 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1306 **
1307 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1308 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1309 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1310 */
1311 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1312 struct FuncDefHash {
1313   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1314 };
1315 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1316 
1317 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1318 /*
1319 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1320 ** to manage user authentication.
1321 */
1322 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1323 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1324   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1325   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1326   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1327   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1328 };
1329 
1330 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1331 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1332 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1333 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1334 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1335 
1336 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1337 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1338 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1339 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1340 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1341 
1342 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1343 
1344 /*
1345 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1346 */
1347 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1348   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1349                                const char*, const char*);
1350 #else
1351   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1352                                const char*);
1353 #endif
1354 
1355 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1356 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1357 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1358 */
1359 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1360 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1361 #else
1362 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1363 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1364 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1365 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1366 
1367 
1368 /*
1369 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1370 */
1371 struct sqlite3 {
1372   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1373   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1374   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1375   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1376   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1377   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1378   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1379   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1380   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1381   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1382   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1383   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1384   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1385   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1386   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1387   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1388   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1389   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1390   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1391   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1392   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1393   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1394   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1395   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1396   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1397   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1398   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1399   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1400   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1401   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1402   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1403   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1404   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1405   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1406   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1407   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1408     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1409     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1410     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1411     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1412     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1413     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1414   } init;
1415   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1416   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1417   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1418   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1419   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1420   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1421   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1422   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1423   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1424 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1425   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1426   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1427 #endif
1428   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1429   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1430   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1431   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1432   void *pUpdateArg;
1433   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1434   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1435 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1436   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1437   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1438     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1439   );
1440   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1441 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1442 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1443   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1444   void *pWalArg;
1445 #endif
1446   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1447   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1448   void *pCollNeededArg;
1449   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1450   union {
1451     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1452     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1453   } u1;
1454   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1455 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1456   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1457   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1458 #endif
1459 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1460   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1461   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1462   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1463 #endif
1464 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1465   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1466   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1467   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1468   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1469   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1470 #endif
1471   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1472   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1473   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1474   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1475   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1476   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1477   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1478   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1479   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1480   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1481   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1482 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1483   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1484   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1485   **
1486   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1487   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1488   **
1489   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1490   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1491   ** held by Y.
1492   */
1493   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1494   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1495   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1496   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1497   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1498 #endif
1499 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1500   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1501 #endif
1502 };
1503 
1504 /*
1505 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1506 */
1507 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1508 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1509 
1510 /*
1511 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1512 **
1513 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1514 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1515 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1516 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1517 */
1518 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1519 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1520 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1521 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1522 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1523 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1524 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1525 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1526                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1527                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1528 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1529                                           /*   result set is empty */
1530 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1531 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1532 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1533 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1534 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1535 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1536 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1537 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1538 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1539 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1540 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1541 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1542 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1543 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1544 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1545 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1546 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1547 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1548 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1549 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1550 
1551 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1552 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1553 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1554 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0001)  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1555 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0002)  /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1556 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0004)  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1557 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0008)  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1558 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x0010)  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1559 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x0020)  /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1560 #endif
1561 
1562 /*
1563 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1564 */
1565 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1566 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1567 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1568 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0008  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1569 
1570 /*
1571 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1572 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1573 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1574 */
1575 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1576                           /*  0x0002   available for reuse */
1577 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1578 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1579 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1580 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
1581 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1582 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
1583 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1584 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
1585 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1586 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1587    /* TH3 expects the Stat34  ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
1588 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x1000   /* The push-down optimization */
1589 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x2000   /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1590 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x4000   /* Skip-scans */
1591 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x8000   /* The constant propagation opt */
1592 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1593 
1594 /*
1595 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1596 */
1597 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1598 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1599 
1600 /*
1601 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1602 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1603 */
1604 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1605 
1606 /*
1607 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1608 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1609 ** than being distinct from one another.
1610 */
1611 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1612 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1613 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1614 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1615 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1616 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1617 
1618 /*
1619 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1620 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1621 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1622 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1623 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1624 **
1625 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1626 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1627 */
1628 struct FuncDef {
1629   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1630   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1631   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1632   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1633   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1634   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1635   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1636   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1637   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1638   union {
1639     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1640     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1641   } u;
1642 };
1643 
1644 /*
1645 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1646 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1647 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1648 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1649 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1650 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1651 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1652 ** FuncDestructor.
1653 **
1654 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1655 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1656 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1657 */
1658 struct FuncDestructor {
1659   int nRef;
1660   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1661   void *pUserData;
1662 };
1663 
1664 /*
1665 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1666 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1667 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1668 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1669 **
1670 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1671 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1672 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1673 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1674 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1675 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1676 */
1677 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1678 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1679 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1680 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1681 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1682 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1683 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1684 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1685 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1686 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1687 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1688 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1689 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1690                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1691 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
1692 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1693 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1694 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW_SIZE 0x20000 /* Requires partition size as arg. */
1695 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1696 
1697 /*
1698 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1699 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1700 **
1701 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1702 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1703 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1704 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1705 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1706 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1707 **
1708 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1709 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1710 **
1711 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1712 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1713 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1714 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1715 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1716 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1717 **
1718 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1719 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1720 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1721 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1722 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1723 **
1724 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1725 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1726 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1727 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1728 **     FUNCTION().
1729 **
1730 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1731 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1732 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1733 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1734 **     FUNCTION().
1735 **
1736 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1737 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1738 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1739 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1740 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1741 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1742 **     parameter.
1743 */
1744 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1745   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1746    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1747 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1748   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1749    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1750 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1751   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1752    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1753 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1754   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1755    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1756 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1757   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1758    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1759 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1760   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1761    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1762 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1763   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1764    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1765 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue) \
1766   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1767    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,0,#zName, {0}}
1768 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1769   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1770    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xFinal,0,#zName, {0}}
1771 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1772   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1773    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1774 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1775   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1776    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1777 
1778 
1779 /*
1780 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1781 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1782 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1783 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1784 */
1785 struct Savepoint {
1786   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1787   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1788   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1789   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1790 };
1791 
1792 /*
1793 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1794 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1795 */
1796 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1797 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1798 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1799 
1800 
1801 /*
1802 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1803 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1804 ** hash table.
1805 */
1806 struct Module {
1807   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1808   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1809   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1810   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1811   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1812 };
1813 
1814 /*
1815 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1816 ** of this structure.
1817 */
1818 struct Column {
1819   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1820   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1821   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1822   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1823   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1824   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1825   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1826 };
1827 
1828 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1829 */
1830 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1831 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1832 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
1833 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE   0x0008    /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
1834 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
1835 
1836 /*
1837 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1838 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1839 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1840 **
1841 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1842 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1843 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1844 */
1845 struct CollSeq {
1846   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1847   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1848   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1849   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1850   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1851 };
1852 
1853 /*
1854 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1855 */
1856 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1857 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1858 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1859 
1860 /*
1861 ** Column affinity types.
1862 **
1863 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1864 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1865 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1866 **
1867 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1868 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1869 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1870 **
1871 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1872 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1873 */
1874 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1875 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1876 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1877 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1878 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1879 
1880 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1881 
1882 /*
1883 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1884 ** affinity value.
1885 */
1886 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1887 
1888 /*
1889 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1890 ** changing the affinity.
1891 **
1892 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1893 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1894 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1895 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1896 */
1897 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
1898 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1899 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1900 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1901 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1902 
1903 /*
1904 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1905 ** the database schema.
1906 **
1907 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1908 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1909 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1910 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1911 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1912 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1913 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1914 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1915 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1916 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1917 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1918 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1919 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1920 **
1921 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1922 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1923 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1924 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1925 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1926 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1927 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1928 **
1929 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1930 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1931 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1932 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1933 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1934 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1935 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1936 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1937 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1938 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1939 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1940 **
1941 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1942 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1943 ** the first argument.
1944 */
1945 struct VTable {
1946   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1947   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1948   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1949   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1950   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1951   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1952   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1953 };
1954 
1955 /*
1956 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1957 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1958 */
1959 struct Table {
1960   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1961   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1962   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1963   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1964   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1965   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1966   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1967                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1968   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1969   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1970   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
1971   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1972   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1973   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1974   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1975 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1976   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1977 #endif
1978   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1979 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1980   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1981 #endif
1982 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1983   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1984   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1985   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1986 #endif
1987   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1988   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1989   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1990 };
1991 
1992 /*
1993 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1994 **
1995 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1996 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1997 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1998 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1999 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
2000 */
2001 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
2002 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
2003 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
2004 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2005 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2006 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0020    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2007 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0040    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2008 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0080    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2009 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
2010                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2011 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0200    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2012 #define TF_Shadow          0x0400    /* True for a shadow table */
2013 
2014 /*
2015 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2016 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2017 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2018 */
2019 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2020 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
2021 #else
2022 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2023 #endif
2024 
2025 /*
2026 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2027 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2028 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2029 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2030 */
2031 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2032 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2033 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2034 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2035 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2036 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2037 #else
2038 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2039 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2040 #endif
2041 
2042 
2043 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2044 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2045 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2046 
2047 /*
2048 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2049 **
2050 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2051 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2052 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2053 ** Consider this example:
2054 **
2055 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2056 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2057 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2058 **     );
2059 **
2060 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2061 ** Equivalent names:
2062 **
2063 **     from-table == child-table
2064 **       to-table == parent-table
2065 **
2066 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2067 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2068 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2069 **
2070 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2071 **
2072 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2073 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2074 */
2075 struct FKey {
2076   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2077   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2078   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2079   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2080   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2081   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2082   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2083   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2084   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2085   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2086   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2087     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2088     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2089   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2090 };
2091 
2092 /*
2093 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2094 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2095 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2096 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2097 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2098 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2099 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2100 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2101 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2102 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2103 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2104 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2105 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2106 **
2107 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2108 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2109 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2110 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2111 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2112 ** foreign key.
2113 **
2114 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2115 ** of action to take.
2116 */
2117 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2118 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2119 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2120 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2121 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2122 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2123 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2124 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2125 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2126 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2127 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2128 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2129 
2130 
2131 /*
2132 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2133 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2134 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2135 **
2136 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2137 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2138 ** for the rowid at the end.
2139 */
2140 struct KeyInfo {
2141   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2142   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2143   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2144   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2145   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2146   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2147   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2148 };
2149 
2150 /*
2151 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2152 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2153 **
2154 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2155 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2156 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2157 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2158 ** OP_Column opcode.
2159 **
2160 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2161 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2162 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2163 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2164 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2165 **
2166 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2167 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2168 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2169 ** is in DESC order.
2170 **
2171 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2172 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2173 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2174 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2175 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2176 ** find the first match.
2177 **
2178 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2179 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2180 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2181 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2182 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2183 ** b-tree.
2184 */
2185 struct UnpackedRecord {
2186   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2187   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2188   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2189   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2190   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2191   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2192   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2193   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2194 };
2195 
2196 
2197 /*
2198 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2199 ** instance of the following structure.
2200 **
2201 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2202 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2203 ** we have the following table and index:
2204 **
2205 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2206 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2207 **
2208 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2209 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2210 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2211 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2212 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2213 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2214 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2215 **
2216 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2217 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2218 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2219 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2220 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2221 ** element.
2222 **
2223 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2224 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2225 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2226 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2227 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2228 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2229 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2230 */
2231 struct Index {
2232   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2233   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2234   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2235   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2236   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2237   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2238   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2239   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2240   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2241   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2242   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2243   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2244   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2245   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2246   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2247   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2248   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2249   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2250   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2251   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2252   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2253   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2254   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2255   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2256 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
2257   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2258   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2259   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2260   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2261   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2262   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2263 #endif
2264   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2265 };
2266 
2267 /*
2268 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2269 */
2270 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2271 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2272 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2273 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2274 
2275 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2276 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2277 
2278 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2279 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2280 
2281 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2282 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2283 */
2284 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2285 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2286 
2287 /*
2288 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
2289 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2290 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2291 */
2292 struct IndexSample {
2293   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2294   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2295   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2296   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2297   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2298 };
2299 
2300 /*
2301 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2302 */
2303 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2304 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2305 
2306 /*
2307 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2308 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2309 **
2310 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2311 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2312 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2313 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2314 ** static string.
2315 */
2316 struct Token {
2317   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2318   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2319 };
2320 
2321 /*
2322 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2323 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2324 **
2325 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2326 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2327 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2328 ** code for that node.
2329 **
2330 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2331 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2332 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2333 */
2334 struct AggInfo {
2335   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2336                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2337   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2338                           ** than the source table */
2339   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2340   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2341   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2342   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2343   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2344   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2345     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2346     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2347     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2348     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2349     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2350     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2351   } *aCol;
2352   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2353   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2354                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2355                           ** aggregate functions */
2356   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2357     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2358     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2359     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2360     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2361   } *aFunc;
2362   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2363 };
2364 
2365 /*
2366 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2367 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2368 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2369 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2370 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2371 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2372 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2373 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2374 */
2375 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2376 typedef i16 ynVar;
2377 #else
2378 typedef int ynVar;
2379 #endif
2380 
2381 /*
2382 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2383 ** of this structure.
2384 **
2385 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2386 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2387 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2388 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2389 ** tree.
2390 **
2391 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2392 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2393 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2394 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2395 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2396 **
2397 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2398 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2399 **
2400 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2401 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2402 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2403 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2404 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2405 ** valid.
2406 **
2407 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2408 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2409 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2410 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2411 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2412 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2413 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2414 **
2415 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2416 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2417 ** number for that variable.
2418 **
2419 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2420 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2421 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2422 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2423 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2424 **
2425 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2426 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2427 ** corresponding table definition.
2428 **
2429 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2430 **
2431 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2432 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2433 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2434 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2435 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2436 **
2437 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2438 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2439 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2440 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2441 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2442 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2443 */
2444 struct Expr {
2445   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2446   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2447   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2448   union {
2449     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2450     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2451   } u;
2452 
2453   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2454   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2455   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2456   *********************************************************************/
2457 
2458   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2459   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2460   union {
2461     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2462     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2463   } x;
2464 
2465   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2466   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2467   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2468   *********************************************************************/
2469 
2470 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2471   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2472 #endif
2473   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2474                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2475                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2476                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2477                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2478   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2479                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2480                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2481   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2482   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2483   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2484                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2485                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2486   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2487   union {
2488     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2489                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2490     Window *pWin;          /* TK_FUNCTION: Window definition for the func */
2491     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2492       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2493       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2494     } sub;
2495   } y;
2496 };
2497 
2498 /*
2499 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2500 */
2501 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2502 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2503 #define EP_HasFunc   0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2504 #define EP_FixedCol  0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2505 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2506 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2507 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2508 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2509 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2510 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2511 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2512 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2513 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2514 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2515 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2516 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2517 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2518 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2519 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2520 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2521 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2522 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2523 #define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2524 #define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2525 #define EP_WinFunc  0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2526 #define EP_Subrtn   0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2527 #define EP_Quoted   0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2528 
2529 /*
2530 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2531 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2532 */
2533 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2534 
2535 /*
2536 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2537 ** Expr.flags field.
2538 */
2539 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2540 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2541 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2542 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2543 
2544 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2545 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2546 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2547 */
2548 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2549 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2550 #else
2551 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2552 #endif
2553 
2554 /*
2555 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2556 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2557 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2558 */
2559 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2560 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2561 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2562 
2563 /*
2564 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2565 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2566 */
2567 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2568 
2569 /*
2570 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2571 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2572 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2573 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2574 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2575 ** field is not used.
2576 **
2577 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2578 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2579 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2580 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2581 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2582 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2583 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2584 */
2585 struct ExprList {
2586   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2587   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2588     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2589     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2590     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2591     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2592     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2593     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2594     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2595     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2596     union {
2597       struct {
2598         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2599         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2600       } x;
2601       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2602     } u;
2603   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2604 };
2605 
2606 /*
2607 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2608 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2609 **
2610 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2611 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2612 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2613 **
2614 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2615 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2616 **
2617 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2618 **
2619 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2620 */
2621 struct IdList {
2622   struct IdList_item {
2623     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2624     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2625   } *a;
2626   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2627 };
2628 
2629 /*
2630 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2631 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2632 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2633 **
2634 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2635 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2636 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2637 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2638 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2639 **
2640 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2641 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2642 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2643 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2644 **
2645 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2646 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2647 */
2648 struct SrcList {
2649   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2650   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2651   struct SrcList_item {
2652     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2653     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2654     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2655     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2656     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2657     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2658     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2659     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2660     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2661     struct {
2662       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2663       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2664       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2665       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2666       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2667       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2668       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2669     } fg;
2670     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2671     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2672     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2673     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2674     union {
2675       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2676       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2677     } u1;
2678     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2679   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2680 };
2681 
2682 /*
2683 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2684 */
2685 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2686 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2687 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2688 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2689 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2690 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2691 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2692 
2693 
2694 /*
2695 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2696 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2697 **
2698 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2699 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2700 */
2701 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2702 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2703 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2704 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2705 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2706 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2707 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2708                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2709 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2710 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2711 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2712 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2713 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2714 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2715 #define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
2716                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2717 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2718                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2719 
2720 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2721 */
2722 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2723 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2724 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2725 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2726 
2727 /*
2728 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2729 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2730 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2731 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2732 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2733 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2734 ** other statements.
2735 **
2736 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2737 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2738 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2739 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2740 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2741 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2742 **
2743 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2744 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2745 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2746 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2747 */
2748 struct NameContext {
2749   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2750   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2751   union {
2752     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2753     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2754     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
2755   } uNC;
2756   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2757   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2758   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2759   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2760   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
2761 };
2762 
2763 /*
2764 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2765 **
2766 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2767 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg
2768 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2769 **
2770 */
2771 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2772 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2773 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2774 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2775 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2776 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2777 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2778 #define NC_UEList    0x0080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
2779 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x0100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
2780 #define NC_UUpsert   0x0200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
2781 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2782 #define NC_Complex   0x2000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
2783 #define NC_AllowWin  0x4000  /* Window functions are allowed here */
2784 
2785 /*
2786 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
2787 ** clause in an upsert.
2788 **
2789 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
2790 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
2791 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
2792 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
2793 **
2794 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
2795 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
2796 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
2797 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
2798 */
2799 struct Upsert {
2800   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflicting index */
2801   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
2802   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2803   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2804   /* The fields above comprise the parse tree for the upsert clause.
2805   ** The fields below are used to transfer information from the INSERT
2806   ** processing down into the UPDATE processing while generating code.
2807   ** Upsert owns the memory allocated above, but not the memory below. */
2808   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* Constraint that pUpsertTarget identifies */
2809   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
2810   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
2811   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
2812   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
2813 };
2814 
2815 /*
2816 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2817 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2818 **
2819 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
2820 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
2821 **
2822 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2823 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2824 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2825 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2826 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2827 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2828 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2829 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2830 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2831 */
2832 struct Select {
2833   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2834   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2835   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2836   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2837   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2838   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
2839   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2840   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2841   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2842   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2843   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2844   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2845   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2846   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2847   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2848   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2849 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2850   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
2851   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
2852 #endif
2853 };
2854 
2855 /*
2856 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2857 ** "Select Flag".
2858 **
2859 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2860 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2861 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2862 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2863 */
2864 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2865 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2866 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2867 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2868 #define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2869 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2870 #define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2871 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2872 #define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
2873 #define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2874 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2875 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2876 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2877 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2878 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2879 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2880 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2881 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2882 #define SF_ComplexResult  0x40000  /* Result contains subquery or function */
2883 
2884 /*
2885 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2886 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2887 ** Type".
2888 **
2889 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2890 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2891 **
2892 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2893 **
2894 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2895 **                     set is not empty.
2896 **
2897 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2898 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2899 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2900 **
2901 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2902 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2903 **
2904 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2905 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2906 **
2907 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2908 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2909 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2910 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2911 **
2912 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2913 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2914 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2915 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2916 **
2917 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2918 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2919 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2920 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2921 **                     the table first.
2922 **
2923 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2924 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2925 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2926 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2927 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2928 **
2929 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2930 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2931 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2932 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2933 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2934 **
2935 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2936 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2937 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2938 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2939 **
2940 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2941 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2942 **                     are distinct.
2943 **
2944 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2945 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2946 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2947 */
2948 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2949 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2950 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2951 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2952 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2953 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2954 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2955 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2956 
2957 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2958 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2959 
2960 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2961 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2962 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2963 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2964 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2965 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2966 
2967 /*
2968 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2969 ** a SELECT statement.
2970 */
2971 struct SelectDest {
2972   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2973   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2974   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2975   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2976   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2977   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2978 };
2979 
2980 /*
2981 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2982 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2983 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2984 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2985 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
2986 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2987 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2988 */
2989 struct AutoincInfo {
2990   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2991   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2992   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2993   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2994 };
2995 
2996 /*
2997 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2998 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2999 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3000 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3001 ** completed.
3002 **
3003 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3004 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3005 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3006 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3007 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3008 **
3009 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3010 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3011 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3012 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3013 */
3014 struct TriggerPrg {
3015   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3016   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3017   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3018   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3019   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3020 };
3021 
3022 /*
3023 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3024 */
3025 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3026   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3027 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3028 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3029 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3030 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3031 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3032 #else
3033   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3034 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3035 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3036 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3037 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3038 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3039 #endif
3040 
3041 /*
3042 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3043 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3044 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3045 **
3046 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3047 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3048 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3049 ** each recursion.
3050 **
3051 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3052 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3053 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3054 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3055 ** list.
3056 */
3057 struct Parse {
3058   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3059   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3060   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3061   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3062   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3063   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3064   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3065   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3066   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3067   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3068   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3069   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3070   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3071   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3072   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3073   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3074   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3075   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3076   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3077   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3078   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3079                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3080   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3081   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3082   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3083   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3084   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3085   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3086   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3087   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3088   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3089   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3090   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3091 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3092   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3093   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3094 #endif
3095   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3096   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3097   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3098   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3099   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
3100   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3101   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3102   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3103   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3104   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3105   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3106 
3107   /**************************************************************************
3108   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3109   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3110   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3111   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3112   **************************************************************************/
3113 
3114   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3115   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3116 
3117   /************************************************************************
3118   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3119   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3120   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3121   ** first field in the recursive region.
3122   ************************************************************************/
3123 
3124   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3125   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3126   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3127   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3128 #if !(defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE))
3129   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3130 #endif
3131 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3132   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3133 #endif
3134   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3135 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3136   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3137 #endif
3138   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3139   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3140   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3141   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3142   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3143                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3144                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3145   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3146   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3147 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3148   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3149   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3150 #endif
3151   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3152   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3153   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3154   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3155 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3156   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3157 #endif
3158 };
3159 
3160 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3161 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3162 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME_COLUMN 2
3163 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME_TABLE  3
3164 
3165 /*
3166 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3167 */
3168 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3169 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3170 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3171 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3172 
3173 /*
3174 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3175 */
3176 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3177   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3178 #else
3179   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3180 #endif
3181 
3182 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3183   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3184 #else
3185   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME_COLUMN)
3186 #endif
3187 
3188 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3189   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3190 #else
3191   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3192 #endif
3193 
3194 /*
3195 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3196 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3197 */
3198 struct AuthContext {
3199   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3200   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3201 };
3202 
3203 /*
3204 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3205 **
3206 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3207 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3208 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3209 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3210 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3211 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3212 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3213 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3214 */
3215 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3216                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3217 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3218 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3219 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3220 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3221 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3222 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3223 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3224 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3225 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3226 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3227 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3228 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3229 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3230 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3231 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3232 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3233 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3234 
3235 /*
3236  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3237  * struct Trigger.
3238  *
3239  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3240  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3241  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3242  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3243  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3244  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3245  *    struct Table.
3246  *
3247  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3248  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3249  */
3250 struct Trigger {
3251   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3252   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3253   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3254   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3255   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3256   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3257                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3258   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3259   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3260   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3261   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3262 };
3263 
3264 /*
3265 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3266 ** determine which.
3267 **
3268 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3269 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3270 */
3271 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3272 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3273 
3274 /*
3275  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3276  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3277  *
3278  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3279  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3280  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3281  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3282  *
3283  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3284  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3285  * value of "op" as follows:
3286  *
3287  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3288  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3289  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3290  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3291  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3292  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3293  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3294  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3295  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3296  *              inserted into.
3297  *
3298  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3299  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3300  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3301  *              Otherwise NULL.
3302  *
3303  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3304  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3305  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3306  *              Otherwise NULL.
3307  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3308  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3309  *              argument.
3310  *
3311  */
3312 struct TriggerStep {
3313   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3314   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3315   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3316   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3317   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3318   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3319   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE */
3320   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3321   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3322   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3323   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3324   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3325 };
3326 
3327 /*
3328 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3329 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3330 ** explicit.
3331 */
3332 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3333 struct DbFixer {
3334   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3335   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3336   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3337   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3338   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3339   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3340 };
3341 
3342 /*
3343 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3344 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3345 */
3346 struct sqlite3_str {
3347   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3348   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3349   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3350   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3351   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3352   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3353   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3354 };
3355 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3356 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3357 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3358 
3359 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3360 
3361 
3362 /*
3363 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3364 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3365 */
3366 typedef struct {
3367   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3368   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3369   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3370   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3371   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3372   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3373 } InitData;
3374 
3375 /*
3376 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3377 */
3378 #define INITFLAG_AlterTable   0x0001  /* This is a reparse after ALTER TABLE */
3379 
3380 /*
3381 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3382 **
3383 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3384 */
3385 struct Sqlite3Config {
3386   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3387   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
3388   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
3389   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3390   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3391   int bSmallMalloc;                 /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3392   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3393   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3394   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3395   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3396   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3397   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3398   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3399   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3400   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3401   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3402   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3403   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3404   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3405   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3406   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3407   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3408   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3409   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3410   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3411   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3412   ** initially be zero, however. */
3413   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3414   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3415   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3416   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3417   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3418   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3419   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3420   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3421   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3422 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3423   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3424   void *pSqllogArg;
3425 #endif
3426 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3427   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3428   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3429   */
3430   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3431   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3432 #endif
3433 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
3434   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3435 #endif
3436 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3437   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3438 #endif
3439   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3440   int bInternalFunctions;           /* Internal SQL functions are visible */
3441   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3442   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3443 };
3444 
3445 /*
3446 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3447 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3448 **
3449 **     assert( X );
3450 **
3451 ** One writes:
3452 **
3453 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3454 **
3455 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3456 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3457 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3458 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3459 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3460 */
3461 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3462 
3463 /*
3464 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3465 */
3466 struct Walker {
3467   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3468   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3469   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3470   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3471   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3472   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3473   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3474     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3475     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3476     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3477     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3478     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3479     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3480     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3481     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3482     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3483     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3484     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3485     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3486     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3487     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3488   } u;
3489 };
3490 
3491 /* Forward declarations */
3492 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3493 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3494 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3495 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3496 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3497 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3498 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3499 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3500 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3501 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3502 #endif
3503 
3504 /*
3505 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3506 ** callbacks.
3507 */
3508 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3509 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3510 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3511 
3512 /*
3513 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3514 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3515 */
3516 struct With {
3517   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3518   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3519   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3520     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3521     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3522     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3523     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3524   } a[1];
3525 };
3526 
3527 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3528 /*
3529 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3530 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3531 */
3532 struct TreeView {
3533   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3534   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3535 };
3536 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3537 
3538 /*
3539 ** This object is used in varioius ways, all related to window functions
3540 **
3541 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
3542 **       the Expr.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
3543 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
3544 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
3545 **
3546 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
3547 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
3548 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
3549 **
3550 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
3551 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
3552 **
3553 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
3554 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use (3) is are separate objects.
3555 */
3556 struct Window {
3557   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
3558   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
3559   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
3560   u8 eType;               /* TK_RANGE or TK_ROWS */
3561   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3562   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3563   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
3564   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
3565   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
3566   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
3567   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
3568   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
3569   int regAccum;
3570   int regResult;
3571   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
3572   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
3573   int regPart;            /* First in a set of registers holding PARTITION BY
3574                           ** and ORDER BY values for the window */
3575   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
3576   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
3577   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
3578 };
3579 
3580 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3581 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
3582 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3583 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*);
3584 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
3585 int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
3586 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Window*);
3587 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
3588 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
3589 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*);
3590 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
3591 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
3592 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3593 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
3594 #else
3595 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
3596 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
3597 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
3598 #endif
3599 
3600 /*
3601 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3602 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3603 */
3604 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3605   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3606     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3607   }                                                    \
3608 }
3609 
3610 /*
3611 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3612 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3613 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3614 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3615 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3616 */
3617 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
3618 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3619 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3620 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3621 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3622 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3623 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3624 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3625   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3626   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3627   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
3628 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3629 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3630 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
3631 #else
3632 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3633 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3634 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3635 #endif
3636 
3637 /*
3638 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3639 */
3640 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3641 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3642 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3643 #endif
3644 
3645 /*
3646 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3647 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3648 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3649 */
3650 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3651 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3652 #endif
3653 
3654 /*
3655 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3656 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3657 */
3658 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3659     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3660 # include <ctype.h>
3661 #endif
3662 
3663 /*
3664 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3665 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3666 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3667 */
3668 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3669 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3670 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3671 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3672 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3673 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3674 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3675 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3676 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3677 #else
3678 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3679 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3680 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3681 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3682 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3683 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3684 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3685 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3686 #endif
3687 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3688 
3689 /*
3690 ** Internal function prototypes
3691 */
3692 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3693 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3694 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
3695 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3696 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3697 
3698 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3699 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3700 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3701 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3702 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3703 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3704 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3705 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3706 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3707 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
3708 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3709 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3710 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3711 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3712 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
3713 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3714 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3715 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3716 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3717 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3718 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3719 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3720 #endif
3721 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3722 
3723 /*
3724 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3725 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3726 ** obtain space from malloc().
3727 **
3728 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3729 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3730 */
3731 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3732 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3733 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3734 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3735 #else
3736 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3737 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3738 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3739 #endif
3740 
3741 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3742 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3743 */
3744 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3745 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3746 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3747 #endif
3748 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3749 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3750 #endif
3751 
3752 
3753 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3754   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3755   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3756   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3757   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3758   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3759 #endif
3760 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3761   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3762 #else
3763 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3764 #endif
3765 
3766 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3767 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3768 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3769 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3770 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
3771 
3772 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3773 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3774 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3775 
3776 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
3777 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
3778 #else
3779 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
3780 #endif
3781 
3782 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3783   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3784 #else
3785 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3786 #endif
3787 
3788 /*
3789 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3790 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3791 */
3792 struct PrintfArguments {
3793   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3794   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3795   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3796 };
3797 
3798 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3799 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3800 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3801   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3802 #endif
3803 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3804   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3805 #endif
3806 
3807 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3808   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3809   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
3810   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3811   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
3812   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3813   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3814 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3815   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
3816   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
3817 #endif
3818 #endif
3819 
3820 
3821 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3822 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3823 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3824 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
3825 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3826 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3827 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3828 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3829 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3830 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3831 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3832 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3833 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3834 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3835 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3836 #endif
3837 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3838 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3839 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3840 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
3841 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3842 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3843 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*, int);
3844 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
3845 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3846 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3847 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
3848 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
3849 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3850 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
3851 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3852 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3853 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
3854 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3855 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3856 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
3857 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3858 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3859 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
3860 #endif
3861 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3862 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3863 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3864 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3865 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3866 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3867 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*);
3868 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3869 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3870 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3871 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3872 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3873 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3874   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3875 #else
3876 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3877 #endif
3878 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3879 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3880 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3881 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3882 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
3883 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3884 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3885 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3886                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3887 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
3888   int sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
3889 #else
3890 # define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
3891 #endif
3892 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3893 
3894 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3895 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3896 #else
3897   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3898 #endif
3899 
3900 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3901 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3902 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3903 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3904 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3905 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3906 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3907 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3908 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3909 #endif
3910 
3911 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
3912 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
3913 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
3914 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3915 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3916 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3917 
3918 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3919 
3920 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3921   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3922 #else
3923 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3924 #endif
3925 
3926 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3927   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3928 #endif
3929 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3930 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3931 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3932 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
3933 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3934   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3935   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3936 #else
3937 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3938 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3939 #endif
3940 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
3941 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3942 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
3943 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3944 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3945 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3946 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3947                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3948 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3949 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3950 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3951 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3952 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3953 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3954 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3955 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3956 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3957                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
3958 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3959 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3960 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3961                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
3962 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3963 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3964 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3965 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3966 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3967 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
3968 #endif
3969 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
3970 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
3971                    Upsert*);
3972 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3973 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3974 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3975 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3976 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3977 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
3978 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3979 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3980 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3981 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3982 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
3983 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
3984 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
3985 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
3986 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3987 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3988 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3989 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3990 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3991 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3992 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3993 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3994 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3995 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3996 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
3997 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3998 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3999 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4000 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4001 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4002 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4003 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4004 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4005 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4006 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4007 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4008 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
4009 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4010 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4011 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4012 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4013 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4014 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
4015 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4016 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
4017 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
4018 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4019 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4020 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4021 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4022 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4023 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4024 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4025 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4026 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4027 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4028 #endif
4029 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4030 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4031 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4032 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4033 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4034 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4035 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4036 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4037 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4038 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4039 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4040 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4041 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4042 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4043 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4044 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4045 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4046 #endif
4047 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
4048 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4049 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4050 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4051 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4052     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4053 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4054 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4055 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4056 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4057 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4058                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4059 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4060   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4061 #else
4062 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4063 #endif
4064 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4065 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4066 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4067 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4068 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4069 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4070 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4071 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4072 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
4073 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
4074 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
4075 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
4076 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
4077 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4078 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4079 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4080 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4081 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4082 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4083 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4084 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4085 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4086 
4087 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4088 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4089 #endif
4090 
4091 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4092   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4093                            Expr*,int, int);
4094   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4095   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4096   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4097   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4098   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4099   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4100                             int, int, int);
4101   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4102   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4103   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4104   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4105                                         const char*,const char*);
4106   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4107                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4108                                         const char*,const char*);
4109   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
4110                                         const char*,const char*);
4111   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4112                                         const char*,const char*);
4113   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4114   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4115   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4116 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4117 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4118 #else
4119 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4120 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4121 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4122 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4123 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4124 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4125 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4126 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4127 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4128 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4129 #endif
4130 
4131 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4132 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4133 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4134 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4135   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4136   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4137   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4138   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4139   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4140 #else
4141 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4142 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4143 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4144 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4145 #endif
4146 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4147 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4148 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4149 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4150 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4151 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4152 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
4153 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4154 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4155 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4156 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4157 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4158 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4159 #endif
4160 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4161 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4162 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4163 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4164 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4165 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4166 #endif
4167 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4168     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
4169     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4170 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4171 #endif
4172 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4173 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4174 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4175 
4176 /*
4177 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4178 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4179 ** file.
4180 */
4181 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4182 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4183 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4184 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4185 
4186 /*
4187 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4188 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4189 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4190 */
4191 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4192   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4193 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4194   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4195   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4196 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4197 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4198 
4199 
4200 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4201 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4202 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4203 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4204 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4205 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
4206 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4207 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4208 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4209 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4210 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4211 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4212 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4213 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4214 
4215 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4216 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4217 #endif
4218 
4219 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
4220 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4221 #endif
4222 
4223 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4224 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4225 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4226 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4227 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4228 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4229 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4230 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
4231 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4232 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4233 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4234 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4235 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4236 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
4237 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
4238 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4239 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4240 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4241 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4242 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4243 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4244 #else
4245 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4246 #endif
4247 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4248 
4249 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4250 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4251 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4252                         void(*)(void*));
4253 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4254 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4255 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4256 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4257 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4258 #endif
4259 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4260 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4261 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4262 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4263 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4264 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4265 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4266 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
4267 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4268 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4269 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4270 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4271 #endif
4272 #endif
4273 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4274 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4275 #endif
4276 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
4277 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4278 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4279 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4280 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4281 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4282 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4283 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4284 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4285 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4286 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4287 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4288 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4289 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4290 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4291 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4292 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4293 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4294 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4295 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4296 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4297 void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, void*, Token*);
4298 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, void *pTo, void *pFrom);
4299 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4300 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4301 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4302 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4303 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4304 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*, sqlite3_file*);
4305 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4306 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4307 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4308 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4309 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4310 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4311 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4312 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4313 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4314 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4315 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4316 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4317 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4318 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4319 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4320 
4321 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4322 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4323 #endif
4324 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4325   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4326   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4327   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4328   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4329   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4330   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4331 );
4332 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4333 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4334 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4335 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4336 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4337 
4338 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4339 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4340 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4341 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4342 
4343 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4344 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4345 
4346 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4347 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4348 #else
4349 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4350 #endif
4351 
4352 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
4353 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
4354 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4355     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4356 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4357 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4358 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4359 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4360 #endif
4361 
4362 /*
4363 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4364 */
4365 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4366   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4367   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4368 #endif
4369 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4370 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4371 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4372   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4373 #endif
4374 
4375 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4376 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4377   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4378 #else
4379 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4380 #endif
4381 
4382 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4383   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4384 #else
4385   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4386 #endif
4387 
4388 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4389   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4390 #endif
4391 
4392 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4393 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4394 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4395 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4396 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4397 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4398 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4399 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4400 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4401 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4402 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4403 #else
4404    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4405    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4406    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4407    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4408    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4409    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4410    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4411    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4412    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4413    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4414    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4415    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4416      sqlite3*,
4417      const char*,
4418      const sqlite3_module*,
4419      void*,
4420      void(*)(void*)
4421    );
4422 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4423 #endif
4424 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4425 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4426 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4427 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4428 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4429 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4430 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4431 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4432 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4433 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4434 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4435 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4436 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4437 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4438 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4439 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4440 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4441 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
4442 #endif
4443 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4444 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4445 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4446 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4447 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4448 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4449   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4450   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4451 #endif
4452 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4453   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4454   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4455   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4456 #else
4457 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4458 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4459 #endif
4460 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
4461   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4462   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4463   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4464   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
4465   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
4466 #else
4467 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
4468 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
4469 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)       ((Upsert*)0)
4470 #endif
4471 
4472 
4473 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4474 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4475 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4476 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4477 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4478 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4479 */
4480 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4481   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4482   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4483   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4484   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4485   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4486   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4487 #else
4488   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4489   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4490   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4491   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4492   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4493   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4494 #endif
4495 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4496   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4497   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4498 #else
4499   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4500   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4501 #endif
4502 
4503 
4504 /*
4505 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4506 */
4507 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4508 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4509 
4510 /*
4511 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4512 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4513 ** is not defined.
4514 */
4515 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4516   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4517   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4518 #else
4519   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4520   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4521 #endif
4522 
4523 /*
4524 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4525 */
4526 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4527 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4528 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4529 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4530 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4531 /*
4532 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4533 */
4534 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4535 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4536 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4537 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
4538 
4539 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4540 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4541 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
4542  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
4543   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4544 #endif
4545 
4546 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4547 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4548 
4549 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4550 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4551   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4552   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4553 #else
4554   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4555   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4556 #endif
4557 
4558 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4559 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4560 
4561 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4562   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4563   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4564   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4565 #else
4566   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4567   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4568   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4569 #endif
4570 
4571 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4572   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4573 #endif
4574 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
4575   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
4576 #endif
4577 
4578 /*
4579 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4580 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4581 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4582 */
4583 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4584 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4585   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4586 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4587 #else
4588 # define IOTRACE(A)
4589 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4590 #endif
4591 
4592 /*
4593 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4594 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4595 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4596 **
4597 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4598 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4599 ** a single bit set.
4600 **
4601 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4602 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4603 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4604 **
4605 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4606 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4607 **
4608 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4609 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4610 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4611 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4612 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4613 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4614 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4615 ** this constraint.
4616 **
4617 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4618 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4619 */
4620 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4621   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4622   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4623   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4624 #else
4625 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4626 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4627 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4628 #endif
4629 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4630 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4631 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
4632 
4633 /*
4634 ** Threading interface
4635 */
4636 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4637 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4638 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4639 #endif
4640 
4641 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4642 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
4643 #endif
4644 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4645 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4646 #endif
4647 
4648 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4649 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4650 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4651 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4652 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4653 
4654 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
4655 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
4656 #endif
4657 
4658 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4659