xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 70cdf382)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Make sure that rand_s() is available on Windows systems with MSVC 2005
55 ** or higher.
56 */
57 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
58 #  define _CRT_RAND_S
59 #endif
60 
61 /*
62 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
63 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
64 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
65 ** that are included by this file.
66 */
67 #include "msvc.h"
68 
69 /*
70 ** Special setup for VxWorks
71 */
72 #include "vxworks.h"
73 
74 /*
75 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
76 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
77 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
78 **
79 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
80 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
81 ** code in all source files.
82 **
83 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
84 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
85 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
86 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
87 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
88 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
89 ** portability you should omit LFS.
90 **
91 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
92 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
93 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
94 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
95 **
96 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
97 */
98 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
99 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
100 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
101 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
102 # endif
103 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
104 #endif
105 
106 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
107 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
108 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
109 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
110 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
111 **
112 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
113 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
114 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
115 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
116 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
117 ** when compiling with clang.
118 */
119 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
120 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
121 #else
122 # define GCC_VERSION 0
123 #endif
124 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
125 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
126 #else
127 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
128 #endif
129 
130 /* Needed for various definitions... */
131 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
132 # define _GNU_SOURCE
133 #endif
134 
135 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
136 # define _BSD_SOURCE
137 #endif
138 
139 /*
140 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
141 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
142 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
143 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
144 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
145 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
146 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
147 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
148 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
149 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
150 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
151 ** disabled.
152 */
153 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
154 # include "mingw.h"
155 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
156 # include "_mingw.h"
157 #endif
158 
159 /*
160 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
161 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
162 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
163 */
164 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
165     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
166     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
167     defined(__MSVCRT__)
168 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
169 #endif
170 
171 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
172 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
173 ** MinGW.
174 */
175 #include "sqlite3.h"
176 
177 /*
178 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
179 ** autoconf-based build
180 */
181 #ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
182 #include "config.h"
183 #endif
184 
185 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
186 
187 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
188 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
189 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
190 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
191 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
192 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
193 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
194 #endif
195 
196 /*
197 ** Include standard header files as necessary
198 */
199 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
200 #include <stdint.h>
201 #endif
202 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
203 #include <inttypes.h>
204 #endif
205 
206 /*
207 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
208 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
209 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
210 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
211 **
212 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
213 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
214 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
215 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
216 **
217 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
218 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
219 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
220 ** compiler.
221 */
222 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
223 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
224 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
225 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
226 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
227 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
228 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
229 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
230 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
231 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
232 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
233 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
234 #endif
235 
236 /*
237 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
238 ** inlined.
239 */
240 #if defined(__GNUC__)
241 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
242 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
243 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
244 #else
245 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
246 #endif
247 
248 /*
249 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
250 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
251 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
252 */
253 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
254 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
255 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
256 #      include <intrin.h>
257 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
258 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
259 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
260 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
261 #    else
262 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
263 #    endif
264 #  endif
265 #endif
266 
267 /*
268 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
269 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
270 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
271 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
272 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
273 ** database connection at the same time.
274 **
275 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
276 ** We support that for legacy.
277 */
278 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
279 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
280 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
281 # else
282 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
283 # endif
284 #endif
285 
286 /*
287 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
288 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
289 */
290 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
291 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
292 #endif
293 
294 /*
295 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
296 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
297 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
298 */
299 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
300 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
301 #endif
302 
303 /*
304 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
305 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
306 **
307 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
308 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
309 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
310 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
311 **
312 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
313 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
314 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
315 ** assertion will be triggered.
316 **
317 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
318 ** the default.
319 */
320 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
322   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
323   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
324 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
325  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
326  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
327  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
328 #endif
329 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
330   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
331   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
332   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
333 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
334 #endif
335 
336 /*
337 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
338 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
339 */
340 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
341 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
342 #endif
343 
344 /*
345 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
346 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
347 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
348 ** it.
349 */
350 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
351 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
352 #endif
353 
354 /*
355 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
356 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
357 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
358 **
359 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
360 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
361 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
362 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
363 ** feature.
364 */
365 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
366 # define NDEBUG 1
367 #endif
368 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
369 # undef NDEBUG
370 #endif
371 
372 /*
373 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
374 */
375 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
376 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
377 #endif
378 
379 /*
380 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
381 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
382 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
383 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
384 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
385 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
386 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
387 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
388 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
389 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
390 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
391 **
392 */
393 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
394   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
395 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
396 #else
397 # define testcase(X)
398 #endif
399 
400 /*
401 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
402 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
403 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
404 */
405 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
406 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
407 #else
408 # define TESTONLY(X)
409 #endif
410 
411 /*
412 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
413 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
414 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
415 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
416 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
417 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
418 */
419 #ifndef NDEBUG
420 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
421 #else
422 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
423 #endif
424 
425 /*
426 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
427 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
428 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
429 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
430 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
431 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
432 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
433 **
434 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
435 **
436 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
437 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
438 ** not be counted as untested code.
439 */
440 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
441 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
442 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
443 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
444 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
445 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
446 #else
447 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
448 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
449 #endif
450 
451 /*
452 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
453 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
454 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
455 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
456 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
457 */
458 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
459 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
460 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
461 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
462 #else
463 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
464 #endif
465 
466 /*
467 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
468 */
469 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
470     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
471   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
472 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
473 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
474 #else
475 # define OSTRACE(X)
476 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
477 #endif
478 
479 /*
480 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
481 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
482 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
483 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
484 */
485 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
486     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
487 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
488 #else
489 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
490 #endif
491 
492 /*
493 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
494 */
495 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
496 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
497 #endif
498 
499 /*
500 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
501 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
502 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
503 */
504 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
505 
506 /*
507 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
508 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
509 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
510 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
511 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
512 */
513 #define likely(X)    (X)
514 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
515 
516 #include "hash.h"
517 #include "parse.h"
518 #include <stdio.h>
519 #include <stdlib.h>
520 #include <string.h>
521 #include <assert.h>
522 #include <stddef.h>
523 
524 /*
525 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
526 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
527 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
528 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
529 ** hack only.
530 */
531 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
532 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
533                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
534 #endif
535 
536 /*
537 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
538 ** substitute integer for floating-point
539 */
540 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
541 # define double sqlite_int64
542 # define float sqlite_int64
543 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
544 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
545 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
546 # endif
547 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
548 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
549 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
550 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
551 #endif
552 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
553 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
554 #endif
555 
556 /*
557 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
558 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
559 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
560 */
561 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
562 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
563 #else
564 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
565 #endif
566 
567 /*
568 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
569 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
570 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
571 ** that the library can read.
572 */
573 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
574 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
575 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
576 #endif
577 
578 /*
579 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
580 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
581 */
582 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
583 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
584 #endif
585 
586 /*
587 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
588 ** on the command-line
589 */
590 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
591 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
592 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
593 #endif
594 
595 /*
596 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
597 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
598 ** to zero.
599 */
600 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
601 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
602 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
603 #endif
604 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
605 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
606 #endif
607 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
608 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
609 #endif
610 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
611 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
612 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
613 #endif
614 
615 /*
616 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
617 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
618 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
619 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
620 **
621 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
622 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
623 */
624 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
625 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
626 #endif
627 
628 /*
629 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
630 ** ourselves.
631 */
632 #ifndef offsetof
633 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
634 #endif
635 
636 /*
637 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
638 */
639 #ifndef MIN
640 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
641 #endif
642 #ifndef MAX
643 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
644 #endif
645 
646 /*
647 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
648 */
649 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
650 
651 /*
652 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
653 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
654 */
655 #if 'A' == '\301'
656 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
657 #else
658 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
659 #endif
660 
661 /*
662 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
663 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
664 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
665 **
666 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
667 */
668 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
669 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
670 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
671 # else
672 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
673 # endif
674 #endif
675 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
676 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
677 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
678 # else
679 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
680 # endif
681 #endif
682 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
683 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
684 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
685 # else
686 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
687 # endif
688 #endif
689 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
690 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
691 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
692 # else
693 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
694 # endif
695 #endif
696 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
697 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
698 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
699 # else
700 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
701 # endif
702 #endif
703 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
704 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
705 #endif
706 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
707 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
708 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
709 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
710 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
711 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
712 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
713 
714 /*
715 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
716 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
717 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
718 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
719 */
720 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
721 
722 /*
723 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
724 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
725 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
726 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
727 */
728 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
729  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
730 #else
731  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
732 #endif
733 
734 /*
735 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
736 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
737 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
738 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
739 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
740 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
741 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
742 **
743 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
744 **
745 ** Examples:
746 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
747 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
748 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
749 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
750 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
751 **
752 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
753 ** Examples:
754 **
755 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
756 */
757 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
758 
759 /*
760 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
761 */
762 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
763 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
764 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
765 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
766        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)
767 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
768 # else
769 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
770 # endif
771 #endif
772 
773 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
774 */
775 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
776   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
777 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
778   typedef u32 uptr;
779 #else
780   typedef u64 uptr;
781 #endif
782 
783 /*
784 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
785 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
786 **
787 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
788 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
789 ** contained within the buffer S.
790 */
791 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
792 
793 
794 /*
795 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
796 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
797 **
798 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
799 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
800 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
801 ** at run-time.
802 */
803 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
804 # if defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
805      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
806      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
807      defined(__arm__)
808 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
809 # elif defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__)
810 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
811 # else
812 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
813 # endif
814 #endif
815 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
816 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
817 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
818 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
819 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
820 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
821 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
822 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
823 #else
824 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
825   const int sqlite3one = 1;
826 # else
827   extern const int sqlite3one;
828 # endif
829 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
830 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
831 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
832 #endif
833 
834 /*
835 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
836 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
837 ** compilers.
838 */
839 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
840 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
841 
842 /*
843 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
844 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
845 */
846 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
847 
848 /*
849 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
850 */
851 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
852 
853 /*
854 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
855 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
856 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
857 **
858 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
859 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
860 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
861 */
862 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
863 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
864 #else
865 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
866 #endif
867 
868 /*
869 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
870 */
871 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
872 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
873 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
874 #endif
875 
876 /*
877 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
878 */
879 #ifdef __APPLE__
880 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
881 #endif
882 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
883 # if defined(__linux__) \
884   || defined(_WIN32) \
885   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
886   || defined(__sun) \
887   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
888   || defined(__DragonFly__)
889 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
890 # else
891 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
892 # endif
893 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1 /* exclude from ctime.c */
894 #endif
895 
896 /*
897 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
898 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
899 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
900 */
901 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
902 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
903 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
904 #endif
905 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
906 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
907 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
908 #endif
909 
910 /*
911 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
912 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
913 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
914 */
915 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
916 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
917 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
918 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
919 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
920 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
921 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
922 #endif
923 
924 /*
925 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
926 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
927 */
928 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
929 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
930 #else
931 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
932 #endif
933 
934 /*
935 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
936 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
937 **
938 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
939 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
940 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
941 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
942 */
943 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
944 struct BusyHandler {
945   int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
946   void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
947   int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
948 };
949 
950 /*
951 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
952 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
953 ** user tables and indices.
954 */
955 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
956 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
957 
958 /*
959 ** The root-page of the master database table.
960 */
961 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
962 
963 /*
964 ** The name of the schema table.
965 */
966 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
967 
968 /*
969 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
970 ** an array.
971 */
972 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
973 
974 /*
975 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
976 */
977 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
978 
979 /*
980 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
981 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
982 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
983 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
984 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
985 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
986 */
987 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
988 
989 /*
990 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
991 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
992 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
993 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
994 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
995 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
996 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
997 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
998 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
999 **
1000 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1001 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1002 */
1003 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1004   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1005   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1006   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1007   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1008   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1009 #else
1010   #define SQLITE_WSD
1011   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1012   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1013 #endif
1014 
1015 /*
1016 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1017 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1018 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1019 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1020 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1021 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1022 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1023 **
1024 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1025 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1026 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1027 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1028 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1029 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1030 */
1031 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1032 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1033 
1034 /*
1035 ** Forward references to structures
1036 */
1037 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1038 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1039 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1040 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1041 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1042 typedef struct Column Column;
1043 typedef struct Db Db;
1044 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1045 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1046 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1047 typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
1048 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1049 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1050 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1051 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1052 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1053 typedef struct Index Index;
1054 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1055 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1056 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1057 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1058 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1059 typedef struct Module Module;
1060 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1061 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1062 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1063 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1064 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1065 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1066 typedef struct Select Select;
1067 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1068 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1069 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1070 typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
1071 typedef struct Table Table;
1072 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1073 typedef struct Token Token;
1074 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1075 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1076 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1077 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1078 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1079 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1080 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1081 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1082 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1083 typedef struct With With;
1084 
1085 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1086 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1087 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1088 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1089 ** just an array of integers.
1090 */
1091 typedef int VList;
1092 
1093 /*
1094 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1095 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1096 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1097 */
1098 #include "btree.h"
1099 #include "vdbe.h"
1100 #include "pager.h"
1101 #include "pcache.h"
1102 #include "os.h"
1103 #include "mutex.h"
1104 
1105 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1106 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1107 */
1108 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1109 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1110 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1111 #endif
1112 
1113 /*
1114 ** Default synchronous levels.
1115 **
1116 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1117 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1118 **
1119 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1120 **   OFF           1                         0
1121 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1122 **   FULL          3                         2
1123 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1124 **
1125 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1126 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1127 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1128 */
1129 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1130 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS (PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL-1)
1131 #endif
1132 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1133 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1134 #endif
1135 
1136 /*
1137 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1138 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1139 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1140 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1141 ** databases may be attached.
1142 */
1143 struct Db {
1144   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1145   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1146   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1147   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1148   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1149 };
1150 
1151 /*
1152 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1153 **
1154 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1155 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1156 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1157 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1158 **
1159 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1160 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1161 ** sqlite3_close().
1162 *
1163 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1164 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1165 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1166 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1167 */
1168 struct Schema {
1169   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1170   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1171   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1172   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1173   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1174   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1175   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1176   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1177   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1178   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1179   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1180 };
1181 
1182 /*
1183 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1184 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1185 */
1186 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1187 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1188 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1189 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1190 
1191 /*
1192 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1193 **
1194 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1195 ** read into internal hash tables.
1196 **
1197 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1198 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1199 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1200 */
1201 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1202 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1203 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1204 
1205 /*
1206 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1207 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1208 */
1209 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1210 
1211 /*
1212 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1213 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1214 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1215 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1216 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1217 ** SQL statements.
1218 **
1219 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1220 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1221 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1222 ** objects.
1223 **
1224 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1225 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1226 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1227 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1228 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1229 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1230 */
1231 struct Lookaside {
1232   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1233   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1234   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1235   int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
1236   int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
1237   int anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1238   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1239   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1240   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1241 };
1242 struct LookasideSlot {
1243   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1244 };
1245 
1246 /*
1247 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1248 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1249 **
1250 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1251 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.
1252 */
1253 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1254 struct FuncDefHash {
1255   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1256 };
1257 
1258 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1259 /*
1260 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1261 ** to manage user authentication.
1262 */
1263 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1264 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1265   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1266   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1267   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1268   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1269 };
1270 
1271 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1272 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1273 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1274 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1275 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1276 
1277 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1278 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1279 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1280 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1281 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1282 
1283 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1284 
1285 /*
1286 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1287 */
1288 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1289   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1290                                const char*, const char*);
1291 #else
1292   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1293                                const char*);
1294 #endif
1295 
1296 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1297 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1298 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1299 */
1300 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0x80
1301 #else
1302 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0
1303 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1304 
1305 
1306 /*
1307 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1308 */
1309 struct sqlite3 {
1310   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1311   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1312   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1313   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1314   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1315   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1316   int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
1317   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1318   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1319   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1320   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1321   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1322   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1323   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1324   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1325   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1326   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1327   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1328   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1329   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1330   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1331   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1332   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1333   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1334   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1335   u8 skipBtreeMutex;            /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1336   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1337   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1338   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1339   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1340   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1341   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1342   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1343     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1344     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1345     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1346     u8 orphanTrigger;           /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1347     u8 imposterTable;           /* Building an imposter table */
1348   } init;
1349   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1350   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1351   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1352   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1353   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1354   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1355   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1356   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1357   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1358   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1359   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1360   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1361   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1362   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1363   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1364   void *pUpdateArg;
1365   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1366 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1367   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1368   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1369     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1370   );
1371   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1372 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1373 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1374   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1375   void *pWalArg;
1376 #endif
1377   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1378   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1379   void *pCollNeededArg;
1380   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1381   union {
1382     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1383     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1384   } u1;
1385   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1386 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1387   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1388   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1389 #endif
1390 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1391   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1392   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1393   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1394 #endif
1395 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1396   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1397   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1398   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1399   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1400   VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1401 #endif
1402   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1403   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1404   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1405   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1406   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1407   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1408   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1409   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1410   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1411   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1412   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1413 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1414   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1415   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1416   **
1417   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1418   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1419   **
1420   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1421   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1422   ** held by Y.
1423   */
1424   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1425   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1426   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1427   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1428   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1429 #endif
1430 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1431   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1432 #endif
1433 };
1434 
1435 /*
1436 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1437 */
1438 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1439 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1440 
1441 /*
1442 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1443 **
1444 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1445 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1446 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1447 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1448 */
1449 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1450 #define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1451 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1452 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1453 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1454 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1455 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1456 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1457                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1458                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1459 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1460                                           /*   result set is empty */
1461 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1462 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
1463 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1464 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x00001000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1465 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1466 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0004000  /* For shared-cache mode */
1467 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1468 #define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00010000  /* Ignore schema errors */
1469 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00020000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1470 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00040000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1471 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1472 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1473 #define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1474 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
1475 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00800000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1476 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x01000000  /* True to enable triggers */
1477 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x02000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1478 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x04000000  /* Disable database changes */
1479 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x08000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1480 #define SQLITE_Vacuum         0x10000000  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1481 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x20000000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1482 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x40000000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1483 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x80000000  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1484 
1485 
1486 /*
1487 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1488 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1489 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1490 */
1491 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1492 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
1493 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1494 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1495 /*                not used    0x0010   // Was: SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt */
1496 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1497 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
1498 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1499 #define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
1500 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
1501 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1502 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1503 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x2000   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1504 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1505 
1506 /*
1507 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1508 */
1509 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1510 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1511 
1512 /*
1513 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1514 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1515 */
1516 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1517 
1518 /*
1519 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1520 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1521 ** than being distinct from one another.
1522 */
1523 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1524 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1525 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1526 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1527 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1528 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1529 
1530 /*
1531 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1532 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1533 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1534 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1535 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1536 **
1537 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1538 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1539 */
1540 struct FuncDef {
1541   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1542   u16 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1543   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1544   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1545   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1546   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1547   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1548   union {
1549     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1550     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1551   } u;
1552 };
1553 
1554 /*
1555 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1556 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1557 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1558 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1559 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1560 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1561 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1562 ** FuncDestructor.
1563 **
1564 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1565 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1566 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1567 */
1568 struct FuncDestructor {
1569   int nRef;
1570   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1571   void *pUserData;
1572 };
1573 
1574 /*
1575 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1576 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1577 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1578 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1579 **
1580 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1581 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1582 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1583 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1584 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1585 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1586 */
1587 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1588 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1589 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1590 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1591 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1592 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1593 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1594 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1595 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1596 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1597 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1598 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1599 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1600                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1601 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
1602 
1603 /*
1604 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1605 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1606 **
1607 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1608 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1609 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1610 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1611 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1612 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1613 **
1614 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1615 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1616 **
1617 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1618 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1619 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1620 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1621 **     a single query.
1622 **
1623 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1624 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1625 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1626 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1627 **     FUNCTION().
1628 **
1629 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1630 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1631 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1632 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1633 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1634 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1635 **     parameter.
1636 */
1637 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1638   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1639    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1640 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1641   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1642    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1643 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1644   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1645    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1646 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1647   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1648    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1649 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1650   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1651    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, }
1652 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1653   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1654    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1655 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
1656   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1657    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1658 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1659   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1660    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1661 
1662 /*
1663 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1664 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1665 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1666 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1667 */
1668 struct Savepoint {
1669   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1670   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1671   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1672   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1673 };
1674 
1675 /*
1676 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1677 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1678 */
1679 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1680 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1681 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1682 
1683 
1684 /*
1685 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1686 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1687 ** hash table.
1688 */
1689 struct Module {
1690   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1691   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1692   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1693   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1694   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1695 };
1696 
1697 /*
1698 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1699 ** of this structure.
1700 */
1701 struct Column {
1702   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1703   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1704   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1705   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1706   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1707   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1708   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1709 };
1710 
1711 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1712 */
1713 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1714 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1715 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
1716 
1717 /*
1718 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1719 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1720 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1721 **
1722 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1723 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1724 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1725 */
1726 struct CollSeq {
1727   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1728   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1729   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1730   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1731   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1732 };
1733 
1734 /*
1735 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1736 */
1737 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1738 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1739 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1740 
1741 /*
1742 ** Column affinity types.
1743 **
1744 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1745 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1746 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1747 **
1748 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1749 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1750 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1751 **
1752 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1753 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1754 */
1755 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1756 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1757 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1758 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1759 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1760 
1761 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1762 
1763 /*
1764 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1765 ** affinity value.
1766 */
1767 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1768 
1769 /*
1770 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1771 ** changing the affinity.
1772 **
1773 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1774 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1775 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1776 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1777 */
1778 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
1779 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1780 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1781 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1782 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1783 
1784 /*
1785 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1786 ** the database schema.
1787 **
1788 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1789 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1790 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1791 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1792 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1793 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1794 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1795 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1796 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1797 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1798 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1799 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1800 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1801 **
1802 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1803 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1804 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1805 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1806 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1807 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1808 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1809 **
1810 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1811 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1812 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1813 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1814 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1815 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1816 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1817 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1818 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1819 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1820 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1821 **
1822 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1823 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1824 ** the first argument.
1825 */
1826 struct VTable {
1827   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1828   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1829   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1830   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1831   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1832   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1833   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1834 };
1835 
1836 /*
1837 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1838 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1839 */
1840 struct Table {
1841   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1842   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1843   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1844   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1845   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1846   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1847   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1848                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1849   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1850   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1851   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
1852   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1853   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1854   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1855   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1856 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1857   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1858 #endif
1859   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1860 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1861   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1862 #endif
1863 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1864   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1865   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1866   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1867 #endif
1868   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1869   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1870   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1871 };
1872 
1873 /*
1874 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1875 **
1876 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1877 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1878 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1879 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1880 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1881 */
1882 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
1883 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
1884 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
1885 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
1886 /* available for reuse:    0x0010    */
1887 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0020    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
1888 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0040    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
1889 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0080    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
1890 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0100    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
1891 
1892 
1893 /*
1894 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
1895 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
1896 ** table support is omitted from the build.
1897 */
1898 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1899 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
1900 #else
1901 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
1902 #endif
1903 
1904 /*
1905 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
1906 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
1907 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
1908 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
1909 */
1910 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
1911 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1912 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1913 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
1914 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1915 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1916 #else
1917 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
1918 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1919 #endif
1920 
1921 
1922 /* Does the table have a rowid */
1923 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
1924 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
1925 
1926 /*
1927 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
1928 **
1929 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
1930 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
1931 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
1932 ** Consider this example:
1933 **
1934 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
1935 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
1936 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
1937 **     );
1938 **
1939 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
1940 ** Equivalent names:
1941 **
1942 **     from-table == child-table
1943 **       to-table == parent-table
1944 **
1945 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
1946 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
1947 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
1948 **
1949 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
1950 **
1951 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
1952 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
1953 */
1954 struct FKey {
1955   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
1956   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
1957   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
1958   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
1959   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
1960   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
1961   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
1962   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
1963   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
1964   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
1965   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
1966     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
1967     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
1968   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
1969 };
1970 
1971 /*
1972 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
1973 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
1974 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
1975 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
1976 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
1977 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
1978 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
1979 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
1980 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
1981 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
1982 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
1983 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
1984 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
1985 **
1986 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
1987 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
1988 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
1989 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
1990 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
1991 ** foreign key.
1992 **
1993 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
1994 ** of action to take.
1995 */
1996 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
1997 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
1998 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
1999 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2000 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2001 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2002 
2003 #define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2004 #define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2005 #define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2006 #define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
2007 
2008 #define OE_Default  10  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2009 
2010 
2011 /*
2012 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2013 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2014 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2015 **
2016 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2017 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2018 ** for the rowid at the end.
2019 */
2020 struct KeyInfo {
2021   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2022   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2023   u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
2024   u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
2025   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2026   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2027   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2028 };
2029 
2030 /*
2031 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2032 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2033 **
2034 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2035 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2036 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2037 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2038 ** OP_Column opcode.
2039 **
2040 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2041 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2042 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2043 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2044 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2045 **
2046 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2047 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2048 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2049 ** is in DESC order.
2050 **
2051 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2052 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2053 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2054 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2055 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2056 ** find the first match.
2057 **
2058 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2059 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2060 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2061 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2062 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2063 ** b-tree.
2064 */
2065 struct UnpackedRecord {
2066   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2067   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2068   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2069   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2070   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2071   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2072   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
2073   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2074 };
2075 
2076 
2077 /*
2078 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2079 ** instance of the following structure.
2080 **
2081 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2082 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2083 ** we have the following table and index:
2084 **
2085 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2086 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2087 **
2088 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2089 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2090 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2091 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2092 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2093 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2094 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2095 **
2096 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2097 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2098 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2099 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2100 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2101 ** element.
2102 **
2103 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2104 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2105 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2106 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2107 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2108 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2109 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2110 */
2111 struct Index {
2112   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2113   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2114   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2115   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2116   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2117   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2118   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2119   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2120   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2121   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2122   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2123   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2124   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2125   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2126   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2127   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2128   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
2129   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2130   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2131   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2132   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2133   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2134 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
2135   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2136   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2137   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2138   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2139   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2140   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2141 #endif
2142 };
2143 
2144 /*
2145 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2146 */
2147 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2148 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2149 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2150 
2151 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2152 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2153 
2154 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2155 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2156 
2157 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2158 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2159 */
2160 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2161 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2162 
2163 /*
2164 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
2165 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2166 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2167 */
2168 struct IndexSample {
2169   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2170   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2171   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2172   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2173   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2174 };
2175 
2176 /*
2177 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2178 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2179 **
2180 ** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
2181 ** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
2182 ** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
2183 */
2184 struct Token {
2185   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2186   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2187 };
2188 
2189 /*
2190 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2191 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2192 **
2193 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2194 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2195 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2196 ** code for that node.
2197 **
2198 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2199 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2200 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2201 */
2202 struct AggInfo {
2203   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2204                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2205   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2206                           ** than the source table */
2207   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2208   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2209   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2210   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2211   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2212   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2213     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2214     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2215     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2216     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2217     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2218     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2219   } *aCol;
2220   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2221   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2222                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2223                           ** aggregate functions */
2224   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2225     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2226     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2227     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2228     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2229   } *aFunc;
2230   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2231 };
2232 
2233 /*
2234 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2235 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2236 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2237 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2238 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2239 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2240 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2241 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2242 */
2243 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2244 typedef i16 ynVar;
2245 #else
2246 typedef int ynVar;
2247 #endif
2248 
2249 /*
2250 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2251 ** of this structure.
2252 **
2253 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2254 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2255 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2256 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2257 ** tree.
2258 **
2259 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2260 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2261 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2262 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2263 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2264 **
2265 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2266 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2267 **
2268 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2269 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2270 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2271 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2272 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2273 ** valid.
2274 **
2275 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2276 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2277 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2278 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2279 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2280 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2281 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2282 **
2283 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2284 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2285 ** number for that variable.
2286 **
2287 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2288 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2289 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2290 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2291 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2292 **
2293 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2294 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2295 ** corresponding table definition.
2296 **
2297 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2298 **
2299 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2300 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2301 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2302 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2303 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2304 **
2305 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2306 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2307 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2308 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2309 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2310 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2311 */
2312 struct Expr {
2313   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2314   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2315   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2316   union {
2317     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2318     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2319   } u;
2320 
2321   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2322   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2323   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2324   *********************************************************************/
2325 
2326   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2327   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2328   union {
2329     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2330     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2331   } x;
2332 
2333   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2334   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2335   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2336   *********************************************************************/
2337 
2338 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2339   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2340 #endif
2341   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2342                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2343                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2344                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2345                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2346   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2347                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2348                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2349   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2350   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2351   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2352                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2353                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2354   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2355   Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
2356 };
2357 
2358 /*
2359 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2360 */
2361 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2362 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2363 #define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
2364 #define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
2365 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2366 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2367 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2368 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2369 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2370 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2371 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2372 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2373 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2374 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2375 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2376 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2377 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2378 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2379 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2380 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2381 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2382 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2383 #define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2384 #define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2385 
2386 /*
2387 ** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
2388 */
2389 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */
2390 
2391 /*
2392 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2393 ** Expr.flags field.
2394 */
2395 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2396 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2397 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2398 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2399 
2400 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2401 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2402 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2403 */
2404 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2405 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2406 #else
2407 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2408 #endif
2409 
2410 /*
2411 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2412 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2413 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2414 */
2415 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2416 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2417 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2418 
2419 /*
2420 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2421 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2422 */
2423 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2424 
2425 /*
2426 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2427 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2428 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2429 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2430 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2431 ** field is not used.
2432 **
2433 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2434 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2435 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2436 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2437 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2438 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2439 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2440 */
2441 struct ExprList {
2442   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2443   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2444     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2445     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2446     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2447     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2448     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2449     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2450     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2451     union {
2452       struct {
2453         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2454         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2455       } x;
2456       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2457     } u;
2458   } *a;                  /* Alloc a power of two greater or equal to nExpr */
2459 };
2460 
2461 /*
2462 ** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
2463 ** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
2464 ** expression.
2465 */
2466 struct ExprSpan {
2467   Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
2468   const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
2469   const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
2470 };
2471 
2472 /*
2473 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2474 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2475 **
2476 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2477 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2478 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2479 **
2480 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2481 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2482 **
2483 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2484 **
2485 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2486 */
2487 struct IdList {
2488   struct IdList_item {
2489     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2490     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2491   } *a;
2492   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2493 };
2494 
2495 /*
2496 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
2497 **
2498 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
2499 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
2500 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
2501 */
2502 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
2503   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
2504 #else
2505   typedef u64 Bitmask;
2506 #endif
2507 
2508 /*
2509 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
2510 */
2511 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
2512 
2513 /*
2514 ** A bit in a Bitmask
2515 */
2516 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
2517 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
2518 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
2519 
2520 /*
2521 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2522 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2523 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2524 **
2525 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2526 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2527 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2528 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2529 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2530 **
2531 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2532 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2533 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2534 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2535 **
2536 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2537 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2538 */
2539 struct SrcList {
2540   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2541   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2542   struct SrcList_item {
2543     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2544     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2545     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2546     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2547     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2548     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2549     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2550     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2551     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2552     struct {
2553       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2554       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2555       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2556       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2557       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2558       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2559       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2560     } fg;
2561 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2562     u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
2563 #endif
2564     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2565     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2566     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2567     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2568     union {
2569       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2570       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2571     } u1;
2572     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2573   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2574 };
2575 
2576 /*
2577 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2578 */
2579 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2580 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2581 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2582 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2583 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2584 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2585 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2586 
2587 
2588 /*
2589 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2590 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2591 **
2592 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2593 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2594 */
2595 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2596 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2597 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2598 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2599 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2600 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2601 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2602                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2603 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2604 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2605 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2606 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2607 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2608 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2609 #define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
2610                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2611 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2612                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2613 
2614 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2615 */
2616 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2617 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2618 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2619 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2620 
2621 /*
2622 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2623 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2624 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2625 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2626 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2627 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2628 ** other statements.
2629 **
2630 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2631 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2632 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2633 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2634 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2635 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2636 **
2637 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2638 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2639 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2640 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2641 */
2642 struct NameContext {
2643   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2644   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2645   ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2646   AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2647   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2648   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2649   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2650   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2651 };
2652 
2653 /*
2654 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2655 **
2656 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2657 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg
2658 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2659 **
2660 */
2661 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2662 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2663 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2664 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2665 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2666 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2667 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2668 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2669 
2670 /*
2671 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2672 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2673 **
2674 ** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
2675 ** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
2676 ** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
2677 ** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
2678 ** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
2679 **
2680 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2681 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2682 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2683 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2684 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2685 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2686 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2687 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2688 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2689 */
2690 struct Select {
2691   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2692   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2693   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2694   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2695   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2696 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2697   char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
2698 #endif
2699   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2700   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2701   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2702   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2703   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2704   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2705   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2706   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2707   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2708   Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
2709   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2710 };
2711 
2712 /*
2713 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2714 ** "Select Flag".
2715 **
2716 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2717 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2718 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2719 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2720 */
2721 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2722 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2723 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2724 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2725 #define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2726 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2727 #define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2728 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2729 #define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
2730 #define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2731 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2732 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2733 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2734 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2735 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2736 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2737 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2738 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2739 
2740 
2741 /*
2742 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2743 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2744 ** Type".
2745 **
2746 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2747 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2748 **
2749 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2750 **
2751 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2752 **                     set is not empty.
2753 **
2754 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2755 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2756 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2757 **
2758 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2759 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2760 **
2761 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2762 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2763 **
2764 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2765 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2766 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2767 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2768 **
2769 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2770 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2771 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2772 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2773 **
2774 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2775 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2776 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2777 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2778 **                     the table first.
2779 **
2780 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2781 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2782 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2783 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2784 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2785 **
2786 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2787 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2788 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2789 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2790 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2791 **
2792 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2793 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2794 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2795 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2796 **
2797 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2798 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2799 **                     are distinct.
2800 **
2801 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2802 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2803 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2804 */
2805 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2806 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2807 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2808 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2809 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2810 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2811 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2812 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2813 
2814 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2815 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2816 
2817 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2818 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2819 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2820 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2821 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2822 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2823 
2824 /*
2825 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2826 ** a SELECT statement.
2827 */
2828 struct SelectDest {
2829   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2830   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2831   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2832   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2833   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2834   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2835 };
2836 
2837 /*
2838 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2839 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2840 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2841 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2842 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
2843 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2844 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2845 */
2846 struct AutoincInfo {
2847   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2848   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2849   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2850   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2851 };
2852 
2853 /*
2854 ** Size of the column cache
2855 */
2856 #ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
2857 # define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
2858 #endif
2859 
2860 /*
2861 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2862 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2863 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
2864 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
2865 ** completed.
2866 **
2867 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
2868 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
2869 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
2870 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
2871 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
2872 **
2873 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
2874 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
2875 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
2876 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
2877 */
2878 struct TriggerPrg {
2879   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
2880   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
2881   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
2882   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
2883   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
2884 };
2885 
2886 /*
2887 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
2888 */
2889 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
2890   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
2891 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
2892 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
2893 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
2894 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
2895 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
2896 #else
2897   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
2898 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
2899 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
2900 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
2901 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
2902 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
2903 #endif
2904 
2905 /*
2906 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
2907 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
2908 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
2909 **
2910 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
2911 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
2912 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
2913 ** each recursion.
2914 **
2915 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
2916 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
2917 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
2918 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
2919 ** list.
2920 */
2921 struct Parse {
2922   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
2923   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
2924   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
2925   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
2926   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
2927   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
2928   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
2929   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
2930   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
2931   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
2932   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2933   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
2934   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
2935   u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in aColCache[] */
2936   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
2937   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
2938   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
2939   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
2940   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
2941   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2942   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2943   int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
2944   int iSelfTab;        /* Table of an index whose exprs are being coded */
2945   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
2946   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
2947   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
2948   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
2949   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
2950   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
2951   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
2952   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
2953   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
2954   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
2955   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
2956 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2957   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
2958   int nSelectIndent;   /* How far to indent SELECTTRACE() output */
2959 #endif
2960 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
2961   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
2962   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
2963 #endif
2964   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
2965   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
2966   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
2967   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateTable opcode on CREATE TABLE */
2968   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
2969   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
2970   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
2971   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
2972   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
2973   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
2974 
2975   /**************************************************************************
2976   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
2977   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
2978   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
2979   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aColCache).
2980   **************************************************************************/
2981 
2982   struct yColCache {
2983     int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
2984     i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
2985     u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
2986     int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
2987     int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
2988     int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
2989   } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
2990   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
2991   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
2992 
2993   /************************************************************************
2994   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
2995   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
2996   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
2997   ** first field in the recursive region.
2998   ************************************************************************/
2999 
3000   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3001   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3002   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3003   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3004 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3005   u8 declareVtab;           /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
3006   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3007 #endif
3008   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3009 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3010   int iSelectId;            /* ID of current select for EXPLAIN output */
3011   int iNextSelectId;        /* Next available select ID for EXPLAIN output */
3012 #endif
3013   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3014   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3015   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3016   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3017   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3018   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3019 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3020   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3021   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3022 #endif
3023   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3024   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3025   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3026   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3027 };
3028 
3029 /*
3030 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3031 */
3032 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aColCache) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3033 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3034 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3035 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3036 
3037 /*
3038 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3039 */
3040 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3041   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3042 #else
3043   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
3044 #endif
3045 
3046 /*
3047 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3048 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3049 */
3050 struct AuthContext {
3051   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3052   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3053 };
3054 
3055 /*
3056 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3057 **
3058 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3059 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3060 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3061 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3062 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3063 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3064 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3065 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3066 */
3067 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3068                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3069 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3070 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3071 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3072 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3073 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3074 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3075 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3076 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3077 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3078 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3079 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3080 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3081 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3082 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3083 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3084 
3085 /*
3086  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3087  * struct Trigger.
3088  *
3089  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3090  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3091  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3092  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3093  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3094  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3095  *    struct Table.
3096  *
3097  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3098  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3099  */
3100 struct Trigger {
3101   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3102   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3103   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3104   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3105   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3106   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3107                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3108   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3109   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3110   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3111   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3112 };
3113 
3114 /*
3115 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3116 ** determine which.
3117 **
3118 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3119 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3120 */
3121 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3122 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3123 
3124 /*
3125  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3126  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3127  *
3128  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3129  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3130  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3131  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3132  *
3133  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3134  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3135  * value of "op" as follows:
3136  *
3137  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3138  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3139  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3140  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3141  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3142  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3143  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3144  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3145  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3146  *              inserted into.
3147  *
3148  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3149  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3150  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3151  *              Otherwise NULL.
3152  *
3153  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3154  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3155  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3156  *              Otherwise NULL.
3157  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3158  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3159  *              argument.
3160  *
3161  */
3162 struct TriggerStep {
3163   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3164   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3165   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3166   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3167   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3168   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3169   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
3170   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3171   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3172   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3173 };
3174 
3175 /*
3176 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3177 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3178 ** explicit.
3179 */
3180 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3181 struct DbFixer {
3182   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3183   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3184   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3185   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3186   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3187   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3188 };
3189 
3190 /*
3191 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3192 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3193 */
3194 struct StrAccum {
3195   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3196   char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
3197   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3198   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3199   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3200   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3201   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
3202   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3203 };
3204 #define STRACCUM_NOMEM   1
3205 #define STRACCUM_TOOBIG  2
3206 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3207 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3208 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3209 
3210 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3211 
3212 
3213 /*
3214 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3215 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3216 */
3217 typedef struct {
3218   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3219   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3220   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3221   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3222 } InitData;
3223 
3224 /*
3225 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3226 **
3227 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3228 */
3229 struct Sqlite3Config {
3230   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3231   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
3232   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
3233   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3234   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3235   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3236   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3237   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3238   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3239   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3240   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3241   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3242   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3243   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3244   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3245   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3246   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3247   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3248   void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
3249   int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
3250   int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
3251   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3252   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3253   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3254   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3255   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3256   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3257   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3258   ** initially be zero, however. */
3259   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3260   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3261   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3262   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3263   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3264   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3265   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3266   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3267   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3268 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3269   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3270   void *pSqllogArg;
3271 #endif
3272 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3273   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3274   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3275   */
3276   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,int iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3277   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3278 #endif
3279 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3280   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3281 #endif
3282   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3283   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3284 };
3285 
3286 /*
3287 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3288 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3289 **
3290 **     assert( X );
3291 **
3292 ** One writes:
3293 **
3294 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3295 **
3296 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3297 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3298 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3299 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3300 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3301 */
3302 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3303 
3304 /*
3305 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3306 */
3307 struct Walker {
3308   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3309   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3310   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3311   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3312   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3313   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3314   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3315     NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
3316     int n;                                     /* A counter */
3317     int iCur;                                  /* A cursor number */
3318     SrcList *pSrcList;                         /* FROM clause */
3319     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;                /* Counting column references */
3320     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;                /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3321     int *aiCol;                                /* array of column indexes */
3322     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;                /* Check for index coverage */
3323   } u;
3324 };
3325 
3326 /* Forward declarations */
3327 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3328 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3329 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3330 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3331 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3332 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3333 
3334 /*
3335 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3336 ** callbacks.
3337 */
3338 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3339 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3340 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3341 
3342 /*
3343 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3344 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3345 */
3346 struct With {
3347   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3348   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3349   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3350     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3351     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3352     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3353     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3354   } a[1];
3355 };
3356 
3357 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3358 /*
3359 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3360 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3361 */
3362 struct TreeView {
3363   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3364   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3365 };
3366 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3367 
3368 /*
3369 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3370 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3371 */
3372 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3373   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3374     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3375   }                                                    \
3376 }
3377 
3378 /*
3379 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3380 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3381 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3382 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3383 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3384 */
3385 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3386 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3387 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3388 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3389 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3390 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3391 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3392   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3393   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3394 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3395 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3396 #else
3397 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3398 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3399 #endif
3400 
3401 /*
3402 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3403 */
3404 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3405 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3406 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3407 #endif
3408 
3409 /*
3410 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3411 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3412 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3413 */
3414 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3415 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3416 #endif
3417 
3418 /*
3419 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3420 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3421 */
3422 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3423     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3424 # include <ctype.h>
3425 #endif
3426 
3427 /*
3428 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3429 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3430 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3431 */
3432 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3433 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3434 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3435 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3436 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3437 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3438 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3439 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3440 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3441 #else
3442 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3443 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3444 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3445 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3446 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3447 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3448 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3449 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3450 #endif
3451 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
3452 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3453 #endif
3454 
3455 /*
3456 ** Internal function prototypes
3457 */
3458 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3459 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3460 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3461 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3462 
3463 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3464 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3465 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3466 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3467 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3468 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3469 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3470 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3471 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3472 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3473 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3474 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3475 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3476 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3477 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3478 void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
3479 void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
3480 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3481 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3482 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3483 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3484 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3485 #endif
3486 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3487 
3488 /*
3489 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3490 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3491 ** obtain space from malloc().
3492 **
3493 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3494 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3495 */
3496 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3497 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3498 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3499 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3500 #else
3501 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3502 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3503 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3504 #endif
3505 
3506 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3507 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3508 */
3509 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3510 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3511 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3512 #endif
3513 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3514 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3515 #endif
3516 
3517 
3518 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3519   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3520   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3521   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3522   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3523   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3524 #endif
3525 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3526   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3527 #else
3528 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3529 #endif
3530 
3531 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3532 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3533 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3534 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3535 
3536 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3537 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3538 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3539 
3540 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3541   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3542 #else
3543 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3544 #endif
3545 
3546 /*
3547 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3548 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3549 */
3550 struct PrintfArguments {
3551   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3552   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3553   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3554 };
3555 
3556 void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, va_list);
3557 void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, ...);
3558 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3559 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3560 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3561   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3562 #endif
3563 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3564   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3565 #endif
3566 
3567 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3568   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3569   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
3570   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3571   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3572   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3573 #endif
3574 
3575 
3576 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3577 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3578 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3579 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3580 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3581 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3582 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3583 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3584 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3585 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3586 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3587 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3588 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3589 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3590 #endif
3591 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3592 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3593 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3594 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
3595 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3596 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3597 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
3598 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
3599 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3600 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3601 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
3602 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
3603 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3604 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
3605 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3606 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3607 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3608 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3609 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3610 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3611 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
3612 #endif
3613 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3614 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3615 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3616 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3617 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3618 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3619 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*);
3620 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3621 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3622 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3623 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3624 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3625 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3626   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3627 #else
3628 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3629 #endif
3630 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3631 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3632 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3633 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3634 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
3635 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3636 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3637 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3638                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3639 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3640 
3641 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3642 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3643 #else
3644   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3645 #endif
3646 
3647 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3648 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3649 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3650 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3651 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3652 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3653 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3654 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3655 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3656 #endif
3657 
3658 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
3659 void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
3660 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3661 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3662 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3663 
3664 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3665 
3666 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3667   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3668 #else
3669 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3670 #endif
3671 
3672 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3673   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3674 #endif
3675 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3676 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3677 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3678 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3679   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3680   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3681 #else
3682 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3683 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3684 #endif
3685 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
3686 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3687 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
3688 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3689 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
3690 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3691 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3692                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3693 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3694 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3695 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3696 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3697 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3698 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3699 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3700 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3701 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3702                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
3703 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3704 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3705 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3706                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*,Expr*);
3707 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3708 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3709 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3710 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3711 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3712 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Expr*,char*);
3713 #endif
3714 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
3715 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
3716 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3717 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3718 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3719 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3720 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3721 int sqlite3WhereOrderedInnerLoop(WhereInfo*);
3722 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3723 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3724 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3725 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3726 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
3727 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
3728 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
3729 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
3730 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3731 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
3732 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3733 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3734 void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
3735 void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
3736 void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
3737 void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
3738 void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
3739 void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
3740 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3741 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3742 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3743 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3744 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3745 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3746 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3747 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
3748 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3749 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3750 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3751 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3752 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3753 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3754 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3755 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3756 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
3757 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
3758 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
3759 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
3760 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3761 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3762 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3763 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*);
3764 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int);
3765 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
3766 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3767 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3768 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
3769 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3770 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
3771 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
3772 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
3773 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
3774 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
3775 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3776 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
3777 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
3778 #endif
3779 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
3780 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
3781 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
3782 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
3783 void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
3784 void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
3785 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
3786 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
3787 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
3788 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
3789 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
3790 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
3791 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
3792 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
3793 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
3794 #endif
3795 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
3796 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
3797 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
3798 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
3799 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
3800     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
3801 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3802 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
3803 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
3804 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
3805                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*);
3806 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
3807   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
3808 #else
3809 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
3810 #endif
3811 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
3812 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
3813 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
3814 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
3815 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
3816 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
3817 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
3818 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
3819 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
3820 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
3821 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
3822 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
3823 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
3824 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3825 void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
3826 #else
3827 # define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
3828 #endif
3829 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
3830 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
3831 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
3832 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
3833 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
3834 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
3835 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
3836 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
3837 
3838 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3839 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
3840 #endif
3841 
3842 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
3843   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
3844                            Expr*,int, int);
3845   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
3846   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3847   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
3848   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
3849   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
3850   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
3851                             int, int, int);
3852   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
3853   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
3854   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
3855   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
3856   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
3857                                         Select*,u8);
3858   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
3859   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
3860   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
3861   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3862   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
3863 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
3864 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
3865 #else
3866 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
3867 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
3868 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
3869 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
3870 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
3871 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
3872 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
3873 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
3874 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
3875 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
3876 #endif
3877 
3878 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
3879 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
3880 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
3881 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
3882   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
3883   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3884   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
3885   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
3886   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
3887 #else
3888 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
3889 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
3890 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
3891 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
3892 #endif
3893 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
3894 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
3895 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
3896 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
3897 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
3898 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
3899 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
3900 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
3901 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
3902 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
3903 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
3904 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
3905 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
3906 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
3907 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
3908 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
3909 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3910 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
3911 #endif
3912 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
3913     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
3914     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
3915 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
3916 #endif
3917 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
3918 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
3919 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
3920 
3921 /*
3922 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
3923 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
3924 ** file.
3925 */
3926 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
3927 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
3928 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
3929 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
3930 
3931 /*
3932 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
3933 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
3934 ** the procedure for larger varints.
3935 */
3936 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
3937   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
3938 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
3939   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
3940   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
3941 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
3942 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
3943 
3944 
3945 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
3946 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
3947 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
3948 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
3949 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
3950 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
3951 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
3952 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
3953 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
3954 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
3955 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
3956 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
3957 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
3958 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
3959 
3960 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
3961 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
3962 #endif
3963 
3964 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
3965 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
3966 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
3967 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
3968 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
3969 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
3970 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
3971 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
3972 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
3973 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
3974 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
3975 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
3976 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
3977 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
3978 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
3979 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
3980 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
3981 #else
3982 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
3983 #endif
3984 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
3985 
3986 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3987 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3988 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
3989                         void(*)(void*));
3990 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
3991 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
3992 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
3993 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
3994 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
3995 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
3996 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
3997 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
3998 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
3999 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4000 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4001 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
4002 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4003 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4004 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4005 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4006 #endif
4007 #endif
4008 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
4009 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4010 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4011 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4012 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4013 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4014 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
4015 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr *, int, int);
4016 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4017 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4018 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4019 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4020 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4021 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4022 void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4023 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4024 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4025 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4026 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4027 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4028 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, u8*);
4029 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4030 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4031 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4032 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4033 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4034 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4035 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4036 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4037 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4038 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4039 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4040 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4041 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4042 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4043 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4044 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4045 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4046 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4047 #endif
4048 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4049   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4050   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4051   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4052 );
4053 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4054 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4055 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4056 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4057 
4058 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4059 void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
4060 void sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(StrAccum*,const char*);
4061 void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum*,int,char);
4062 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4063 void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
4064 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4065 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4066 
4067 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4068 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4069 
4070 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4071 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4072 #else
4073 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4074 #endif
4075 
4076 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
4077 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
4078 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4079     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4080 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4081 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4082 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4083 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4084 #endif
4085 
4086 /*
4087 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4088 */
4089 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4090   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64));
4091   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4092 #endif
4093 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
4094 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4095   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4096 #endif
4097 
4098 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4099 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4100   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4101 #else
4102 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4103 #endif
4104 
4105 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4106   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4107 #else
4108   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4109 #endif
4110 
4111 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4112   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4113 #endif
4114 
4115 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4116 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4117 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4118 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4119 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4120 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4121 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4122 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4123 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4124 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4125 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4126 #else
4127    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4128    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4129    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4130    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4131    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4132    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4133    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4134    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4135    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4136    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4137    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4138    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4139      sqlite3*,
4140      const char*,
4141      const sqlite3_module*,
4142      void*,
4143      void(*)(void*)
4144    );
4145 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4146 #endif
4147 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4148 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4149 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4150 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4151 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4152 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4153 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4154 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4155 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4156 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4157 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4158 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4159 void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
4160 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4161 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4162 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4163 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4164 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4165 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4166 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4167 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4168 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4169 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4170   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4171   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4172 #endif
4173 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4174   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4175   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4176   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4177 #else
4178 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4179 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4180 #endif
4181 
4182 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4183 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4184 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4185 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4186 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4187 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4188 */
4189 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4190   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4191   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4192   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4193   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4194   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4195   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4196 #else
4197   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4198   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4199   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4200   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4201   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4202   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4203 #endif
4204 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4205   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4206   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4207 #else
4208   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4209   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4210 #endif
4211 
4212 
4213 /*
4214 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4215 */
4216 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4217 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4218 
4219 /*
4220 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4221 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4222 ** is not defined.
4223 */
4224 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4225   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4226   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4227 #else
4228   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4229   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4230 #endif
4231 
4232 /*
4233 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4234 */
4235 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4236 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4237 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4238 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4239 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4240 /*
4241 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4242 */
4243 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4244 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4245 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4246 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*);
4247 
4248 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4249 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4250 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
4251   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4252 #endif
4253 
4254 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4255 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4256 
4257 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4258 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4259   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4260   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4261 #else
4262   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4263   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4264 #endif
4265 
4266 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4267 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4268 
4269 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4270   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4271   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4272   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4273 #else
4274   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4275   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4276   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4277 #endif
4278 
4279 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4280   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4281 #endif
4282 
4283 /*
4284 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4285 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4286 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4287 */
4288 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4289 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4290   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4291 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4292 #else
4293 # define IOTRACE(A)
4294 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4295 #endif
4296 
4297 /*
4298 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4299 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4300 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4301 **
4302 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4303 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4304 ** a single bit set.
4305 **
4306 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4307 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4308 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4309 **
4310 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4311 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4312 **
4313 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4314 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4315 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4316 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4317 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4318 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4319 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4320 ** this constraint.
4321 **
4322 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4323 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4324 */
4325 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4326   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4327   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4328   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4329 #else
4330 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4331 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4332 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4333 #endif
4334 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4335 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4336 #define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
4337 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
4338 
4339 /*
4340 ** Threading interface
4341 */
4342 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4343 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4344 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4345 #endif
4346 
4347 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4348 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4349 #endif
4350 
4351 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4352 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4353 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4354 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4355 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4356 
4357 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4358