xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 666d34c7)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Make sure that rand_s() is available on Windows systems with MSVC 2005
55 ** or higher.
56 */
57 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
58 #  define _CRT_RAND_S
59 #endif
60 
61 /*
62 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
63 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
64 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
65 ** that are included by this file.
66 */
67 #include "msvc.h"
68 
69 /*
70 ** Special setup for VxWorks
71 */
72 #include "vxworks.h"
73 
74 /*
75 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
76 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
77 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
78 **
79 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
80 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
81 ** code in all source files.
82 **
83 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
84 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
85 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
86 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
87 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
88 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
89 ** portability you should omit LFS.
90 **
91 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
92 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
93 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
94 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
95 **
96 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
97 */
98 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
99 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
100 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
101 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
102 # endif
103 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
104 #endif
105 
106 /* What version of GCC is being used.  0 means GCC is not being used */
107 #ifdef __GNUC__
108 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
109 #else
110 # define GCC_VERSION 0
111 #endif
112 
113 /* What version of CLANG is being used.  0 means CLANG is not being used */
114 #if defined(__clang__) && !defined(_WIN32)
115 # define CLANG_VERSION \
116             (__clang_major__*1000000+__clang_minor__*1000+__clang_patchlevel__)
117 #else
118 # define CLANG_VERSION 0
119 #endif
120 
121 /* Needed for various definitions... */
122 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
123 # define _GNU_SOURCE
124 #endif
125 
126 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
127 # define _BSD_SOURCE
128 #endif
129 
130 /*
131 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
132 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
133 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
134 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
135 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
136 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
137 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
138 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
139 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
140 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
141 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
142 ** disabled.
143 */
144 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
145 # include "mingw.h"
146 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
147 # include "_mingw.h"
148 #endif
149 
150 /*
151 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
152 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
153 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
154 */
155 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
156     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
157     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
158     defined(__MSVCRT__)
159 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
160 #endif
161 
162 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
163 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
164 ** MinGW.
165 */
166 #include "sqlite3.h"
167 
168 /*
169 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
170 ** autoconf-based build
171 */
172 #ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
173 #include "config.h"
174 #endif
175 
176 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
177 
178 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
179 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
180 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
181 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
182 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
183 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
184 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
185 #endif
186 
187 /*
188 ** Include standard header files as necessary
189 */
190 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
191 #include <stdint.h>
192 #endif
193 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
194 #include <inttypes.h>
195 #endif
196 
197 /*
198 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
199 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
200 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
201 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
202 **
203 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
204 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
205 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
206 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
207 **
208 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
209 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
210 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
211 ** compiler.
212 */
213 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
214 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
215 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
216 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
217 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
218 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
219 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
220 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
221 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
222 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
223 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
224 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
225 #endif
226 
227 /*
228 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
229 ** inlined.
230 */
231 #if defined(__GNUC__)
232 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
233 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
234 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
235 #else
236 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
237 #endif
238 
239 /*
240 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
241 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
242 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
243 */
244 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
245 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
246 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
247 #      include <intrin.h>
248 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
249 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
250 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
251 #    else
252 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
253 #    endif
254 #  endif
255 #endif
256 
257 /*
258 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
259 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
260 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
261 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
262 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
263 ** database connection at the same time.
264 **
265 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
266 ** We support that for legacy.
267 */
268 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
269 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
270 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
271 # else
272 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
273 # endif
274 #endif
275 
276 /*
277 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
278 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
279 */
280 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
281 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
282 #endif
283 
284 /*
285 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
286 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
287 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
288 */
289 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
290 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
291 #endif
292 
293 /*
294 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
295 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
296 **
297 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
298 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
299 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
300 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
301 **
302 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
303 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
304 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
305 ** assertion will be triggered.
306 **
307 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
308 ** the default.
309 */
310 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
311   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
312   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
313   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
314 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
315  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
316  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
317  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
318 #endif
319 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
320   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
322   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
323 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
324 #endif
325 
326 /*
327 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
328 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
329 */
330 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
331 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
336 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
337 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
338 ** it.
339 */
340 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
341 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
342 #endif
343 
344 /*
345 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
346 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
347 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
348 **
349 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
350 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
351 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
352 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
353 ** feature.
354 */
355 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
356 # define NDEBUG 1
357 #endif
358 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
359 # undef NDEBUG
360 #endif
361 
362 /*
363 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
364 */
365 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
366 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
367 #endif
368 
369 /*
370 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
371 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
372 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
373 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
374 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
375 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
376 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
377 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
378 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
379 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
380 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
381 **
382 */
383 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
384   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
385 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
386 #else
387 # define testcase(X)
388 #endif
389 
390 /*
391 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
392 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
393 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
394 */
395 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
396 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
397 #else
398 # define TESTONLY(X)
399 #endif
400 
401 /*
402 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
403 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
404 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
405 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
406 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
407 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
408 */
409 #ifndef NDEBUG
410 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
411 #else
412 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
413 #endif
414 
415 /*
416 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
417 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
418 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
419 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
420 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
421 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
422 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
423 **
424 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
425 **
426 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
427 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
428 ** not be counted as untested code.
429 */
430 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
431 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
432 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
433 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
434 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
435 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
436 #else
437 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
438 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
439 #endif
440 
441 /*
442 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
443 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
444 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
445 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
446 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
447 */
448 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
449 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
450 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
451 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
452 #else
453 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
454 #endif
455 
456 /*
457 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
458 */
459 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
460     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
461   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
462 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
463 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
464 #else
465 # define OSTRACE(X)
466 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
467 #endif
468 
469 /*
470 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
471 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
472 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
473 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
474 */
475 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
476     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
477 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
478 #else
479 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
480 #endif
481 
482 /*
483 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
484 */
485 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
486 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
487 #endif
488 
489 /*
490 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
491 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
492 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
493 */
494 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
495 
496 /*
497 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
498 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
499 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
500 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
501 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
502 */
503 #define likely(X)    (X)
504 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
505 
506 #include "hash.h"
507 #include "parse.h"
508 #include <stdio.h>
509 #include <stdlib.h>
510 #include <string.h>
511 #include <assert.h>
512 #include <stddef.h>
513 
514 /*
515 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
516 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
517 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
518 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
519 ** hack only.
520 */
521 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
522 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
523                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
524 #endif
525 
526 /*
527 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
528 ** substitute integer for floating-point
529 */
530 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
531 # define double sqlite_int64
532 # define float sqlite_int64
533 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
534 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
535 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
536 # endif
537 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
538 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
539 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
540 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
541 #endif
542 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
543 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
544 #endif
545 
546 /*
547 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
548 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
549 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
550 */
551 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
552 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
553 #else
554 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
555 #endif
556 
557 /*
558 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
559 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
560 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
561 ** that the library can read.
562 */
563 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
564 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
565 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
566 #endif
567 
568 /*
569 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
570 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
571 */
572 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
573 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
574 #endif
575 
576 /*
577 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
578 ** on the command-line
579 */
580 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
581 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
582 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
583 #endif
584 
585 /*
586 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
587 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
588 ** to zero.
589 */
590 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
591 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
592 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
593 #endif
594 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
595 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
596 #endif
597 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
598 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
599 #endif
600 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
601 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
602 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
603 #endif
604 
605 /*
606 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
607 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
608 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
609 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
610 **
611 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
612 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
613 */
614 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
615 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
616 #endif
617 
618 /*
619 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
620 ** ourselves.
621 */
622 #ifndef offsetof
623 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
624 #endif
625 
626 /*
627 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
628 */
629 #ifndef MIN
630 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
631 #endif
632 #ifndef MAX
633 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
634 #endif
635 
636 /*
637 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
638 */
639 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
640 
641 /*
642 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
643 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
644 */
645 #if 'A' == '\301'
646 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
647 #else
648 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
649 #endif
650 
651 /*
652 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
653 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
654 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
655 **
656 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
657 */
658 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
659 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
660 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
661 # else
662 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
663 # endif
664 #endif
665 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
666 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
667 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
668 # else
669 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
670 # endif
671 #endif
672 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
673 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
674 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
675 # else
676 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
677 # endif
678 #endif
679 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
680 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
681 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
682 # else
683 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
684 # endif
685 #endif
686 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
687 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
688 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
689 # else
690 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
691 # endif
692 #endif
693 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
694 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
695 #endif
696 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
697 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
698 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
699 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
700 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
701 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
702 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
703 
704 /*
705 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
706 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
707 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
708 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
709 */
710 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
711 
712 /*
713 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
714 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
715 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
716 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
717 */
718 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
719  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
720 #else
721  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
722 #endif
723 
724 /*
725 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
726 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
727 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
728 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
729 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
730 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
731 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
732 **
733 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
734 **
735 ** Examples:
736 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
737 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
738 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
739 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
740 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
741 **
742 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
743 ** Examples:
744 **
745 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
746 */
747 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
748 
749 /*
750 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
751 */
752 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
753 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
754 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
755 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
756        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)
757 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
758 # else
759 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
760 # endif
761 #endif
762 
763 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
764 */
765 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
766   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
767 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
768   typedef u32 uptr;
769 #else
770   typedef u64 uptr;
771 #endif
772 
773 /*
774 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
775 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
776 **
777 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
778 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
779 ** contained within the buffer S.
780 */
781 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
782 
783 
784 /*
785 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
786 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
787 **
788 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
789 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
790 ** -DSQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER=1 is set, then byte-order is determined
791 ** at run-time.
792 */
793 #if (defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
794      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
795      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
796      defined(__arm__)) && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
797 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
798 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
799 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
800 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
801 #endif
802 #if (defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__))  \
803     && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
804 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
805 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
806 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
807 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
808 #endif
809 #if !defined(SQLITE_BYTEORDER)
810 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
811   const int sqlite3one = 1;
812 # else
813   extern const int sqlite3one;
814 # endif
815 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    0     /* 0 means "unknown at compile-time" */
816 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
817 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
818 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
819 #endif
820 
821 /*
822 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
823 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
824 ** compilers.
825 */
826 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
827 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
828 
829 /*
830 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
831 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
832 */
833 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
834 
835 /*
836 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
837 */
838 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
839 
840 /*
841 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
842 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
843 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
844 **
845 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
846 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
847 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
848 */
849 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
850 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
851 #else
852 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
853 #endif
854 
855 /*
856 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
857 */
858 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
859 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
860 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
861 #endif
862 
863 /*
864 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
865 */
866 #ifdef __APPLE__
867 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
868 #endif
869 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
870 # if defined(__linux__) \
871   || defined(_WIN32) \
872   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
873   || defined(__sun) \
874   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
875   || defined(__DragonFly__)
876 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
877 # else
878 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
879 # endif
880 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1 /* exclude from ctime.c */
881 #endif
882 
883 /*
884 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
885 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
886 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
887 */
888 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
889 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
890 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
891 #endif
892 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
893 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
894 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
895 #endif
896 
897 /*
898 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
899 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
900 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
901 */
902 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
903 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
904 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
905 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
906 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
907 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
908 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
909 #endif
910 
911 /*
912 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
913 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
914 */
915 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
916 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
917 #else
918 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
919 #endif
920 
921 /*
922 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
923 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
924 **
925 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
926 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
927 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
928 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
929 */
930 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
931 struct BusyHandler {
932   int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
933   void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
934   int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
935 };
936 
937 /*
938 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
939 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
940 ** user tables and indices.
941 */
942 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
943 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
944 
945 /*
946 ** The root-page of the master database table.
947 */
948 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
949 
950 /*
951 ** The name of the schema table.
952 */
953 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
954 
955 /*
956 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
957 ** an array.
958 */
959 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
960 
961 /*
962 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
963 */
964 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
965 
966 /*
967 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
968 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
969 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
970 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
971 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
972 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
973 */
974 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
975 
976 /*
977 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
978 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
979 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
980 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
981 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
982 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
983 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
984 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
985 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
986 **
987 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
988 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
989 */
990 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
991   #define SQLITE_WSD const
992   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
993   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
994   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
995   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
996 #else
997   #define SQLITE_WSD
998   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
999   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1000 #endif
1001 
1002 /*
1003 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1004 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1005 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1006 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1007 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1008 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1009 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1010 **
1011 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1012 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1013 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1014 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1015 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1016 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1017 */
1018 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1019 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1020 
1021 /*
1022 ** Forward references to structures
1023 */
1024 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1025 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1026 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1027 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1028 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1029 typedef struct Column Column;
1030 typedef struct Db Db;
1031 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1032 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1033 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1034 typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
1035 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1036 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1037 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1038 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1039 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1040 typedef struct Index Index;
1041 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1042 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1043 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1044 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1045 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1046 typedef struct Module Module;
1047 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1048 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1049 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1050 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1051 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1052 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1053 typedef struct Select Select;
1054 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1055 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1056 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1057 typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
1058 typedef struct Table Table;
1059 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1060 typedef struct Token Token;
1061 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1062 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1063 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1064 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1065 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1066 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1067 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1068 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1069 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1070 typedef struct With With;
1071 
1072 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1073 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1074 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1075 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1076 ** just an array of integers.
1077 */
1078 typedef int VList;
1079 
1080 /*
1081 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1082 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1083 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1084 */
1085 #include "btree.h"
1086 #include "vdbe.h"
1087 #include "pager.h"
1088 #include "pcache.h"
1089 #include "os.h"
1090 #include "mutex.h"
1091 
1092 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1093 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1094 */
1095 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1096 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1097 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1098 #endif
1099 
1100 /*
1101 ** Default synchronous levels.
1102 **
1103 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1104 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1105 **
1106 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1107 **   OFF           1                         0
1108 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1109 **   FULL          3                         2
1110 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1111 **
1112 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1113 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1114 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1115 */
1116 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1117 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS (PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL-1)
1118 #endif
1119 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1120 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1121 #endif
1122 
1123 /*
1124 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1125 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1126 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1127 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1128 ** databases may be attached.
1129 */
1130 struct Db {
1131   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1132   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1133   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1134   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1135   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1136 };
1137 
1138 /*
1139 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1140 **
1141 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1142 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1143 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1144 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1145 **
1146 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1147 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1148 ** sqlite3_close().
1149 *
1150 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1151 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1152 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1153 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1154 */
1155 struct Schema {
1156   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1157   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1158   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1159   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1160   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1161   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1162   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1163   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1164   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1165   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1166   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1167 };
1168 
1169 /*
1170 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1171 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1172 */
1173 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1174 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1175 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1176 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1177 
1178 /*
1179 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1180 **
1181 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1182 ** read into internal hash tables.
1183 **
1184 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1185 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1186 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1187 */
1188 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1189 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1190 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1191 
1192 /*
1193 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1194 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1195 */
1196 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1197 
1198 /*
1199 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1200 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1201 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1202 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1203 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1204 ** SQL statements.
1205 **
1206 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1207 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1208 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1209 ** objects.
1210 **
1211 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1212 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1213 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1214 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1215 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1216 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1217 */
1218 struct Lookaside {
1219   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1220   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1221   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1222   int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
1223   int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
1224   int anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1225   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1226   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1227   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1228 };
1229 struct LookasideSlot {
1230   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1231 };
1232 
1233 /*
1234 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1235 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1236 **
1237 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1238 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.
1239 */
1240 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1241 struct FuncDefHash {
1242   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1243 };
1244 
1245 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1246 /*
1247 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1248 ** to manage user authentication.
1249 */
1250 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1251 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1252   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1253   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1254   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1255   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1256 };
1257 
1258 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1259 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1260 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1261 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1262 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1263 
1264 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1265 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1266 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1267 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1268 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1269 
1270 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1271 
1272 /*
1273 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1274 */
1275 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1276   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1277                                const char*, const char*);
1278 #else
1279   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1280                                const char*);
1281 #endif
1282 
1283 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1284 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1285 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1286 */
1287 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0x80
1288 #else
1289 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0
1290 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1291 
1292 
1293 /*
1294 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1295 */
1296 struct sqlite3 {
1297   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1298   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1299   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1300   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1301   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1302   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1303   int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
1304   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1305   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1306   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1307   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1308   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1309   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1310   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1311   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1312   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1313   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1314   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1315   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1316   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1317   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1318   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1319   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1320   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1321   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1322   u8 skipBtreeMutex;            /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1323   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1324   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1325   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1326   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1327   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1328   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1329   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1330     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1331     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1332     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1333     u8 orphanTrigger;           /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1334     u8 imposterTable;           /* Building an imposter table */
1335   } init;
1336   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1337   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1338   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1339   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1340   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1341   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1342   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1343   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1344   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1345   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1346   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1347   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1348   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1349   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1350   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1351   void *pUpdateArg;
1352   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1353 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1354   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1355   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1356     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1357   );
1358   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1359 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1360 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1361   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1362   void *pWalArg;
1363 #endif
1364   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1365   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1366   void *pCollNeededArg;
1367   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1368   union {
1369     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1370     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1371   } u1;
1372   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1373 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1374   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1375   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1376 #endif
1377 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1378   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1379   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1380   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1381 #endif
1382 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1383   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1384   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1385   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1386   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1387   VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1388 #endif
1389   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1390   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1391   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1392   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1393   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1394   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1395   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1396   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1397   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1398   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1399   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1400 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1401   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1402   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1403   **
1404   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1405   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1406   **
1407   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1408   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1409   ** held by Y.
1410   */
1411   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1412   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1413   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1414   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1415   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1416 #endif
1417 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1418   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1419 #endif
1420 };
1421 
1422 /*
1423 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1424 */
1425 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1426 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1427 
1428 /*
1429 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1430 **
1431 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1432 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1433 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1434 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1435 */
1436 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1437 #define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1438 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1439 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1440 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1441 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1442 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1443 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1444                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1445                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1446 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1447                                           /*   result set is empty */
1448 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1449 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
1450 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1451 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x00001000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1452 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1453 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0004000  /* For shared-cache mode */
1454 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1455 #define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00010000  /* Ignore schema errors */
1456 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00020000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1457 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00040000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1458 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1459 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1460 #define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1461 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
1462 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00800000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1463 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x01000000  /* True to enable triggers */
1464 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x02000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1465 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x04000000  /* Disable database changes */
1466 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x08000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1467 #define SQLITE_Vacuum         0x10000000  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1468 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x20000000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1469 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x40000000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1470 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x80000000  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1471 
1472 
1473 /*
1474 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1475 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1476 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1477 */
1478 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1479 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
1480 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1481 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1482 /*                not used    0x0010   // Was: SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt */
1483 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1484 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
1485 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1486 #define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
1487 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
1488 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1489 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1490 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x2000   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1491 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1492 
1493 /*
1494 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1495 */
1496 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1497 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1498 
1499 /*
1500 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1501 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1502 */
1503 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1504 
1505 /*
1506 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1507 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1508 ** than being distinct from one another.
1509 */
1510 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1511 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1512 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1513 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1514 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1515 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1516 
1517 /*
1518 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1519 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1520 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1521 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1522 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1523 **
1524 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1525 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1526 */
1527 struct FuncDef {
1528   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1529   u16 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1530   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1531   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1532   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1533   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1534   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1535   union {
1536     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1537     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1538   } u;
1539 };
1540 
1541 /*
1542 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1543 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1544 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1545 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1546 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1547 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1548 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1549 ** FuncDestructor.
1550 **
1551 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1552 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1553 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1554 */
1555 struct FuncDestructor {
1556   int nRef;
1557   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1558   void *pUserData;
1559 };
1560 
1561 /*
1562 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1563 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1564 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1565 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1566 **
1567 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1568 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1569 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1570 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1571 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1572 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1573 */
1574 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1575 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1576 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1577 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1578 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1579 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1580 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1581 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1582 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1583 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1584 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1585 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1586 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1587                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1588 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
1589 
1590 /*
1591 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1592 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1593 **
1594 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1595 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1596 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1597 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1598 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1599 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1600 **
1601 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1602 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1603 **
1604 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1605 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1606 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1607 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1608 **     a single query.
1609 **
1610 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1611 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1612 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1613 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1614 **     FUNCTION().
1615 **
1616 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1617 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1618 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1619 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1620 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1621 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1622 **     parameter.
1623 */
1624 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1625   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1626    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1627 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1628   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1629    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1630 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1631   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1632    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1633 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1634   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1635    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1636 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1637   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1638    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, }
1639 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1640   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1641    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1642 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
1643   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1644    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1645 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1646   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1647    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1648 
1649 /*
1650 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1651 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1652 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1653 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1654 */
1655 struct Savepoint {
1656   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1657   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1658   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1659   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1660 };
1661 
1662 /*
1663 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1664 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1665 */
1666 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1667 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1668 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1669 
1670 
1671 /*
1672 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1673 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1674 ** hash table.
1675 */
1676 struct Module {
1677   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1678   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1679   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1680   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1681   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1682 };
1683 
1684 /*
1685 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1686 ** of this structure.
1687 */
1688 struct Column {
1689   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1690   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1691   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1692   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1693   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1694   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1695   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1696 };
1697 
1698 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1699 */
1700 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1701 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1702 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
1703 
1704 /*
1705 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1706 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1707 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1708 **
1709 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1710 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1711 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1712 */
1713 struct CollSeq {
1714   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1715   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1716   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1717   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1718   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1719 };
1720 
1721 /*
1722 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1723 */
1724 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1725 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1726 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1727 
1728 /*
1729 ** Column affinity types.
1730 **
1731 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1732 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1733 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1734 **
1735 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1736 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1737 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1738 **
1739 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1740 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1741 */
1742 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1743 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1744 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1745 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1746 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1747 
1748 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1749 
1750 /*
1751 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1752 ** affinity value.
1753 */
1754 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1755 
1756 /*
1757 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1758 ** changing the affinity.
1759 **
1760 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1761 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1762 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1763 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1764 */
1765 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
1766 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1767 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1768 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1769 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1770 
1771 /*
1772 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1773 ** the database schema.
1774 **
1775 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1776 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1777 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1778 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1779 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1780 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1781 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1782 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1783 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1784 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1785 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1786 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1787 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1788 **
1789 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1790 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1791 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1792 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1793 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1794 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1795 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1796 **
1797 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1798 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1799 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1800 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1801 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1802 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1803 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1804 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1805 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1806 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1807 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1808 **
1809 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1810 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1811 ** the first argument.
1812 */
1813 struct VTable {
1814   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1815   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1816   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1817   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1818   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1819   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1820   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1821 };
1822 
1823 /*
1824 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1825 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1826 */
1827 struct Table {
1828   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1829   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1830   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1831   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1832   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1833   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1834   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1835                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1836   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1837   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1838   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1839   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1840   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1841   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1842 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1843   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1844 #endif
1845   u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
1846   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1847 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1848   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1849 #endif
1850 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1851   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1852   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1853   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1854 #endif
1855   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1856   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1857   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1858 };
1859 
1860 /*
1861 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1862 **
1863 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1864 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1865 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1866 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1867 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1868 */
1869 #define TF_Readonly        0x01    /* Read-only system table */
1870 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x02    /* An ephemeral table */
1871 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x04    /* Table has a primary key */
1872 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x08    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
1873 #define TF_Virtual         0x10    /* Is a virtual table */
1874 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x20    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
1875 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x40    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
1876 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x80    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
1877 
1878 
1879 /*
1880 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
1881 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
1882 ** table support is omitted from the build.
1883 */
1884 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1885 #  define IsVirtual(X)      (((X)->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0)
1886 #else
1887 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
1888 #endif
1889 
1890 /*
1891 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
1892 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
1893 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
1894 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
1895 */
1896 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
1897 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1898 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1899 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
1900 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1901 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1902 #else
1903 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
1904 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1905 #endif
1906 
1907 
1908 /* Does the table have a rowid */
1909 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
1910 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
1911 
1912 /*
1913 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
1914 **
1915 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
1916 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
1917 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
1918 ** Consider this example:
1919 **
1920 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
1921 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
1922 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
1923 **     );
1924 **
1925 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
1926 ** Equivalent names:
1927 **
1928 **     from-table == child-table
1929 **       to-table == parent-table
1930 **
1931 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
1932 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
1933 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
1934 **
1935 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
1936 **
1937 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
1938 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
1939 */
1940 struct FKey {
1941   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
1942   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
1943   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
1944   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
1945   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
1946   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
1947   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
1948   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
1949   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
1950   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
1951   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
1952     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
1953     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
1954   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
1955 };
1956 
1957 /*
1958 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
1959 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
1960 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
1961 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
1962 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
1963 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
1964 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
1965 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
1966 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
1967 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
1968 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
1969 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
1970 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
1971 **
1972 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
1973 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
1974 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
1975 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
1976 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
1977 ** foreign key.
1978 **
1979 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
1980 ** of action to take.
1981 */
1982 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
1983 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
1984 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
1985 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
1986 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
1987 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
1988 
1989 #define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
1990 #define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
1991 #define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
1992 #define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
1993 
1994 #define OE_Default  10  /* Do whatever the default action is */
1995 
1996 
1997 /*
1998 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
1999 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2000 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2001 **
2002 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2003 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2004 ** for the rowid at the end.
2005 */
2006 struct KeyInfo {
2007   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2008   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2009   u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
2010   u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
2011   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2012   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2013   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2014 };
2015 
2016 /*
2017 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2018 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2019 **
2020 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2021 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2022 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2023 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2024 ** OP_Column opcode.
2025 **
2026 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2027 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2028 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2029 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2030 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2031 **
2032 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2033 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2034 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2035 ** is in DESC order.
2036 **
2037 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2038 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2039 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2040 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2041 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2042 ** find the first match.
2043 **
2044 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2045 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2046 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2047 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2048 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2049 ** b-tree.
2050 */
2051 struct UnpackedRecord {
2052   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2053   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2054   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2055   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2056   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2057   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2058   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
2059   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2060 };
2061 
2062 
2063 /*
2064 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2065 ** instance of the following structure.
2066 **
2067 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2068 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2069 ** we have the following table and index:
2070 **
2071 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2072 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2073 **
2074 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2075 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2076 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2077 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2078 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2079 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2080 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2081 **
2082 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2083 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2084 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2085 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2086 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2087 ** element.
2088 **
2089 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2090 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2091 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2092 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2093 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2094 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2095 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2096 */
2097 struct Index {
2098   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2099   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2100   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2101   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2102   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2103   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2104   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2105   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2106   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2107   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2108   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2109   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2110   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2111   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2112   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2113   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2114   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
2115   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2116   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2117   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2118   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2119   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2120 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
2121   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2122   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2123   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2124   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2125   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2126   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2127 #endif
2128 };
2129 
2130 /*
2131 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2132 */
2133 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2134 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2135 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2136 
2137 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2138 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2139 
2140 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2141 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2142 
2143 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2144 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2145 */
2146 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2147 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2148 
2149 /*
2150 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
2151 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2152 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2153 */
2154 struct IndexSample {
2155   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2156   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2157   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2158   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2159   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2160 };
2161 
2162 /*
2163 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2164 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2165 **
2166 ** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
2167 ** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
2168 ** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
2169 */
2170 struct Token {
2171   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2172   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2173 };
2174 
2175 /*
2176 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2177 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2178 **
2179 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2180 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2181 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2182 ** code for that node.
2183 **
2184 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2185 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2186 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2187 */
2188 struct AggInfo {
2189   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2190                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2191   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2192                           ** than the source table */
2193   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2194   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2195   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2196   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2197   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2198   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2199     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2200     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2201     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2202     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2203     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2204     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2205   } *aCol;
2206   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2207   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2208                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2209                           ** aggregate functions */
2210   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2211     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2212     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2213     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2214     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2215   } *aFunc;
2216   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2217 };
2218 
2219 /*
2220 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2221 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2222 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2223 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2224 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2225 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2226 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2227 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2228 */
2229 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2230 typedef i16 ynVar;
2231 #else
2232 typedef int ynVar;
2233 #endif
2234 
2235 /*
2236 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2237 ** of this structure.
2238 **
2239 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2240 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2241 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2242 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2243 ** tree.
2244 **
2245 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2246 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2247 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2248 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2249 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2250 **
2251 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2252 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2253 **
2254 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2255 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2256 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2257 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2258 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2259 ** valid.
2260 **
2261 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2262 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2263 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2264 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2265 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2266 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2267 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2268 **
2269 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2270 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2271 ** number for that variable.
2272 **
2273 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2274 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2275 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2276 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2277 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2278 **
2279 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2280 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2281 ** corresponding table definition.
2282 **
2283 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2284 **
2285 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2286 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2287 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2288 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2289 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2290 **
2291 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2292 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2293 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2294 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2295 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2296 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2297 */
2298 struct Expr {
2299   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2300   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2301   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2302   union {
2303     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2304     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2305   } u;
2306 
2307   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2308   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2309   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2310   *********************************************************************/
2311 
2312   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2313   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2314   union {
2315     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2316     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2317   } x;
2318 
2319   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2320   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2321   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2322   *********************************************************************/
2323 
2324 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2325   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2326 #endif
2327   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2328                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2329                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2330                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2331                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2332   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2333                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2334                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2335   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2336   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2337   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2338                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2339                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2340   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2341   Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
2342 };
2343 
2344 /*
2345 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2346 */
2347 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2348 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2349 #define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
2350 #define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
2351 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2352 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2353 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2354 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2355 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2356 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2357 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2358 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2359 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2360 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2361 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2362 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2363 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2364 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2365 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2366 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2367 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2368 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2369 #define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2370 #define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2371 
2372 /*
2373 ** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
2374 */
2375 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */
2376 
2377 /*
2378 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2379 ** Expr.flags field.
2380 */
2381 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2382 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2383 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2384 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2385 
2386 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2387 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2388 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2389 */
2390 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2391 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2392 #else
2393 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2394 #endif
2395 
2396 /*
2397 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2398 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2399 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2400 */
2401 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2402 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2403 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2404 
2405 /*
2406 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2407 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2408 */
2409 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2410 
2411 /*
2412 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2413 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2414 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2415 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2416 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2417 ** field is not used.
2418 **
2419 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2420 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2421 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2422 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2423 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2424 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2425 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2426 */
2427 struct ExprList {
2428   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2429   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2430     Expr *pExpr;            /* The list of expressions */
2431     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2432     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2433     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2434     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2435     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2436     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2437     union {
2438       struct {
2439         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2440         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2441       } x;
2442       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2443     } u;
2444   } *a;                  /* Alloc a power of two greater or equal to nExpr */
2445 };
2446 
2447 /*
2448 ** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
2449 ** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
2450 ** expression.
2451 */
2452 struct ExprSpan {
2453   Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
2454   const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
2455   const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
2456 };
2457 
2458 /*
2459 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2460 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2461 **
2462 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2463 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2464 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2465 **
2466 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2467 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2468 **
2469 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2470 **
2471 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2472 */
2473 struct IdList {
2474   struct IdList_item {
2475     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2476     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2477   } *a;
2478   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2479 };
2480 
2481 /*
2482 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
2483 **
2484 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
2485 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
2486 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
2487 */
2488 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
2489   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
2490 #else
2491   typedef u64 Bitmask;
2492 #endif
2493 
2494 /*
2495 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
2496 */
2497 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
2498 
2499 /*
2500 ** A bit in a Bitmask
2501 */
2502 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
2503 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
2504 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
2505 
2506 /*
2507 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2508 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2509 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2510 **
2511 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2512 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2513 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2514 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2515 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2516 **
2517 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2518 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2519 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2520 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2521 **
2522 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2523 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2524 */
2525 struct SrcList {
2526   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2527   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2528   struct SrcList_item {
2529     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2530     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2531     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2532     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2533     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2534     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2535     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2536     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2537     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2538     struct {
2539       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2540       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2541       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2542       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2543       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2544       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2545       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2546     } fg;
2547 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2548     u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
2549 #endif
2550     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2551     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2552     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2553     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2554     union {
2555       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2556       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2557     } u1;
2558     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2559   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2560 };
2561 
2562 /*
2563 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2564 */
2565 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2566 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2567 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2568 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2569 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2570 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2571 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2572 
2573 
2574 /*
2575 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2576 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2577 **
2578 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2579 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2580 */
2581 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2582 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2583 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2584 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2585 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2586 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2587 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2588                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2589 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2590 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2591 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2592 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2593 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2594 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2595                         /*     0x1000    not currently used */
2596                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2597 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2598                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2599 
2600 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2601 */
2602 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2603 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2604 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2605 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2606 
2607 /*
2608 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2609 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2610 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2611 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2612 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2613 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2614 ** other statements.
2615 **
2616 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2617 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2618 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2619 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2620 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2621 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2622 **
2623 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2624 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2625 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2626 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2627 */
2628 struct NameContext {
2629   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2630   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2631   ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2632   AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2633   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2634   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2635   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2636   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2637 };
2638 
2639 /*
2640 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2641 **
2642 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2643 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg
2644 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2645 **
2646 */
2647 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2648 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2649 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2650 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2651 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2652 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2653 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2654 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2655 
2656 /*
2657 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2658 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2659 **
2660 ** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
2661 ** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
2662 ** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
2663 ** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
2664 ** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
2665 **
2666 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2667 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2668 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2669 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2670 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2671 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2672 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2673 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2674 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2675 */
2676 struct Select {
2677   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2678   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2679   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2680   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2681   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2682 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2683   char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
2684 #endif
2685   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2686   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2687   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2688   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2689   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2690   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2691   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2692   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2693   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2694   Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
2695   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2696 };
2697 
2698 /*
2699 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2700 ** "Select Flag".
2701 **
2702 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2703 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2704 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2705 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2706 */
2707 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2708 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2709 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2710 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2711 #define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2712 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2713 #define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2714 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2715 #define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
2716 #define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2717 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2718 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2719 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2720 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2721 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2722 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2723 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2724 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2725 
2726 
2727 /*
2728 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2729 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2730 ** Type".
2731 **
2732 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2733 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2734 **
2735 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2736 **
2737 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2738 **                     set is not empty.
2739 **
2740 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2741 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2742 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2743 **
2744 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2745 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2746 **
2747 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2748 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2749 **
2750 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2751 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2752 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2753 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2754 **
2755 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2756 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2757 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2758 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2759 **
2760 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2761 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2762 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2763 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2764 **                     the table first.
2765 **
2766 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2767 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2768 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2769 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2770 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2771 **
2772 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2773 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2774 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2775 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2776 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2777 **
2778 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2779 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2780 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2781 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2782 **
2783 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2784 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2785 **                     are distinct.
2786 **
2787 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2788 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2789 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2790 */
2791 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2792 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2793 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2794 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2795 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2796 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2797 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2798 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2799 
2800 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2801 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2802 
2803 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2804 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2805 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2806 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2807 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2808 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2809 
2810 /*
2811 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2812 ** a SELECT statement.
2813 */
2814 struct SelectDest {
2815   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2816   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2817   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2818   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2819   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2820   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2821 };
2822 
2823 /*
2824 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2825 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2826 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2827 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2828 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
2829 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2830 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2831 */
2832 struct AutoincInfo {
2833   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2834   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2835   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2836   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2837 };
2838 
2839 /*
2840 ** Size of the column cache
2841 */
2842 #ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
2843 # define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
2844 #endif
2845 
2846 /*
2847 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2848 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2849 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
2850 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
2851 ** completed.
2852 **
2853 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
2854 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
2855 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
2856 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
2857 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
2858 **
2859 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
2860 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
2861 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
2862 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
2863 */
2864 struct TriggerPrg {
2865   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
2866   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
2867   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
2868   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
2869   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
2870 };
2871 
2872 /*
2873 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
2874 */
2875 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
2876   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
2877 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
2878 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
2879 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
2880 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
2881 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
2882 #else
2883   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
2884 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
2885 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
2886 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
2887 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
2888 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
2889 #endif
2890 
2891 /*
2892 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
2893 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
2894 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
2895 **
2896 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
2897 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
2898 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
2899 ** each recursion.
2900 **
2901 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
2902 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
2903 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
2904 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
2905 ** list.
2906 */
2907 struct Parse {
2908   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
2909   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
2910   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
2911   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
2912   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
2913   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
2914   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
2915   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
2916   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
2917   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
2918   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2919   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
2920   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
2921   u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in aColCache[] */
2922   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
2923   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
2924   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
2925   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
2926   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
2927   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2928   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2929   int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
2930   int iSelfTab;        /* Table of an index whose exprs are being coded */
2931   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
2932   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
2933   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
2934   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
2935   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
2936   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
2937   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
2938   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
2939   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
2940   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
2941   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
2942 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2943   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
2944   int nSelectIndent;   /* How far to indent SELECTTRACE() output */
2945 #endif
2946 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
2947   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
2948   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
2949 #endif
2950   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
2951   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
2952   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
2953   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateTable opcode on CREATE TABLE */
2954   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
2955   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
2956   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
2957   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
2958   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
2959   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
2960 
2961   /**************************************************************************
2962   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
2963   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
2964   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
2965   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aColCache).
2966   **************************************************************************/
2967 
2968   struct yColCache {
2969     int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
2970     i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
2971     u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
2972     int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
2973     int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
2974     int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
2975   } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
2976   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
2977   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
2978 
2979   /************************************************************************
2980   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
2981   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
2982   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
2983   ** first field in the recursive region.
2984   ************************************************************************/
2985 
2986   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
2987   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
2988   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
2989   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
2990 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2991   u8 declareVtab;           /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
2992   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
2993 #endif
2994   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
2995 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2996   int iSelectId;            /* ID of current select for EXPLAIN output */
2997   int iNextSelectId;        /* Next available select ID for EXPLAIN output */
2998 #endif
2999   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3000   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3001   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3002   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3003   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3004   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3005 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3006   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3007   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3008 #endif
3009   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3010   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3011   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3012   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3013 };
3014 
3015 /*
3016 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3017 */
3018 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aColCache) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3019 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3020 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3021 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3022 
3023 /*
3024 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3025 */
3026 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3027   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3028 #else
3029   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
3030 #endif
3031 
3032 /*
3033 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3034 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3035 */
3036 struct AuthContext {
3037   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3038   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3039 };
3040 
3041 /*
3042 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3043 **
3044 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3045 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3046 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3047 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3048 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3049 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3050 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3051 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3052 */
3053 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3054                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3055 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3056 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3057 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3058 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3059 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3060 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
3061 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3062 #endif
3063 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3064 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3065 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3066 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3067 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3068 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3069 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3070 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3071 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3072 
3073 /*
3074  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3075  * struct Trigger.
3076  *
3077  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3078  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3079  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3080  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3081  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3082  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3083  *    struct Table.
3084  *
3085  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3086  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3087  */
3088 struct Trigger {
3089   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3090   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3091   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3092   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3093   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3094   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3095                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3096   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3097   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3098   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3099   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3100 };
3101 
3102 /*
3103 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3104 ** determine which.
3105 **
3106 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3107 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3108 */
3109 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3110 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3111 
3112 /*
3113  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3114  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3115  *
3116  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3117  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3118  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3119  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3120  *
3121  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3122  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3123  * value of "op" as follows:
3124  *
3125  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3126  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3127  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3128  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3129  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3130  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3131  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3132  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3133  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3134  *              inserted into.
3135  *
3136  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3137  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3138  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3139  *              Otherwise NULL.
3140  *
3141  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3142  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3143  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3144  *              Otherwise NULL.
3145  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3146  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3147  *              argument.
3148  *
3149  */
3150 struct TriggerStep {
3151   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3152   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3153   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3154   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3155   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3156   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3157   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
3158   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3159   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3160   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3161 };
3162 
3163 /*
3164 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3165 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3166 ** explicit.
3167 */
3168 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3169 struct DbFixer {
3170   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3171   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3172   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3173   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3174   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3175   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3176 };
3177 
3178 /*
3179 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3180 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3181 */
3182 struct StrAccum {
3183   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3184   char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
3185   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3186   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3187   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3188   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3189   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
3190   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3191 };
3192 #define STRACCUM_NOMEM   1
3193 #define STRACCUM_TOOBIG  2
3194 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3195 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3196 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3197 
3198 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3199 
3200 
3201 /*
3202 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3203 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3204 */
3205 typedef struct {
3206   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3207   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3208   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3209   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3210 } InitData;
3211 
3212 /*
3213 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3214 **
3215 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3216 */
3217 struct Sqlite3Config {
3218   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3219   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
3220   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
3221   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3222   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3223   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3224   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3225   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3226   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3227   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3228   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3229   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3230   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3231   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3232   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3233   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3234   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3235   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3236   void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
3237   int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
3238   int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
3239   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3240   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3241   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3242   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3243   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3244   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3245   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3246   ** initially be zero, however. */
3247   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3248   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3249   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3250   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3251   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3252   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3253   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3254   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3255   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3256 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3257   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3258   void *pSqllogArg;
3259 #endif
3260 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3261   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3262   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3263   */
3264   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,int iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3265   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3266 #endif
3267 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3268   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3269 #endif
3270   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3271   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3272 };
3273 
3274 /*
3275 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3276 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3277 **
3278 **     assert( X );
3279 **
3280 ** One writes:
3281 **
3282 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3283 **
3284 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3285 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3286 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3287 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3288 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3289 */
3290 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3291 
3292 /*
3293 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3294 */
3295 struct Walker {
3296   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3297   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3298   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3299   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3300   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3301   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3302   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3303     NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
3304     int n;                                     /* A counter */
3305     int iCur;                                  /* A cursor number */
3306     SrcList *pSrcList;                         /* FROM clause */
3307     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;                /* Counting column references */
3308     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;                /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3309     int *aiCol;                                /* array of column indexes */
3310     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;                /* Check for index coverage */
3311   } u;
3312 };
3313 
3314 /* Forward declarations */
3315 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3316 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3317 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3318 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3319 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3320 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3321 
3322 /*
3323 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3324 ** callbacks.
3325 */
3326 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3327 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3328 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3329 
3330 /*
3331 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3332 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3333 */
3334 struct With {
3335   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3336   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3337   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3338     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3339     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3340     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3341     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3342   } a[1];
3343 };
3344 
3345 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3346 /*
3347 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3348 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3349 */
3350 struct TreeView {
3351   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3352   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3353 };
3354 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3355 
3356 /*
3357 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3358 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3359 */
3360 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3361   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3362     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3363   }                                                    \
3364 }
3365 
3366 /*
3367 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3368 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3369 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3370 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3371 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3372 */
3373 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3374 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3375 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3376 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3377 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3378 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3379 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3380   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3381   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3382 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3383 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3384 #else
3385 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3386 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3387 #endif
3388 
3389 /*
3390 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3391 */
3392 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3393 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3394 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3395 #endif
3396 
3397 /*
3398 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3399 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3400 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3401 */
3402 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3403 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3404 #endif
3405 
3406 /*
3407 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3408 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3409 */
3410 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3411     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3412 # include <ctype.h>
3413 #endif
3414 
3415 /*
3416 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3417 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3418 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3419 */
3420 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3421 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3422 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3423 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3424 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3425 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3426 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3427 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3428 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3429 #else
3430 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3431 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3432 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3433 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3434 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3435 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3436 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3437 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3438 #endif
3439 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
3440 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3441 #endif
3442 
3443 /*
3444 ** Internal function prototypes
3445 */
3446 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3447 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3448 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3449 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3450 
3451 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3452 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3453 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3454 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3455 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3456 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3457 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3458 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3459 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3460 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3461 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3462 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3463 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3464 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3465 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3466 void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
3467 void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
3468 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3469 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3470 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3471 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3472 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3473 #endif
3474 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3475 
3476 /*
3477 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3478 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3479 ** obtain space from malloc().
3480 **
3481 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3482 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3483 */
3484 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3485 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3486 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3487 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3488 #else
3489 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3490 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3491 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3492 #endif
3493 
3494 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3495 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3496 */
3497 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3498 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3499 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3500 #endif
3501 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3502 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3503 #endif
3504 
3505 
3506 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3507   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3508   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3509   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3510   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3511   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3512 #endif
3513 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3514   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3515 #else
3516 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3517 #endif
3518 
3519 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3520 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3521 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3522 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3523 
3524 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3525 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3526 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3527 
3528 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3529   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3530 #else
3531 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3532 #endif
3533 
3534 /*
3535 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3536 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3537 */
3538 struct PrintfArguments {
3539   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3540   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3541   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3542 };
3543 
3544 void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, va_list);
3545 void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, ...);
3546 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3547 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3548 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3549   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3550 #endif
3551 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3552   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3553 #endif
3554 
3555 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3556   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3557   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
3558   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3559   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3560   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3561 #endif
3562 
3563 
3564 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3565 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3566 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3567 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3568 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3569 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3570 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3571 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3572 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3573 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3574 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3575 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3576 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3577 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3578 #endif
3579 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3580 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3581 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3582 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
3583 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3584 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3585 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
3586 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
3587 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3588 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3589 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
3590 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
3591 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3592 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
3593 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3594 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3595 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3596 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3597 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3598 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3599 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
3600 #endif
3601 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3602 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3603 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3604 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3605 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3606 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3607 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*);
3608 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3609 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3610 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3611 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3612 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3613 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3614   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3615 #else
3616 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3617 #endif
3618 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3619 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3620 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3621 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3622 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
3623 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3624 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3625 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3626                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3627 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3628 
3629 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3630 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3631 #else
3632   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3633 #endif
3634 
3635 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3636 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3637 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3638 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3639 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3640 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3641 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3642 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3643 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3644 #endif
3645 
3646 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
3647 void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
3648 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3649 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3650 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3651 
3652 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3653 
3654 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3655   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3656 #else
3657 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3658 #endif
3659 
3660 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3661   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3662 #endif
3663 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3664 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3665 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3666 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3667   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3668   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3669 #else
3670 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3671 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3672 #endif
3673 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
3674 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3675 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
3676 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3677 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
3678 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3679 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3680                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3681 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3682 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3683 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3684 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3685 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3686 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3687 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3688 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3689 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3690                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
3691 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3692 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3693 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3694                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*,Expr*);
3695 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3696 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3697 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3698 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3699 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3700 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Expr*,char*);
3701 #endif
3702 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
3703 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
3704 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3705 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3706 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3707 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3708 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3709 int sqlite3WhereOrderedInnerLoop(WhereInfo*);
3710 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3711 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3712 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3713 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3714 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
3715 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
3716 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
3717 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
3718 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3719 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
3720 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3721 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3722 void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
3723 void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
3724 void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
3725 void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
3726 void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
3727 void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
3728 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3729 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3730 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3731 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3732 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3733 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3734 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3735 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
3736 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3737 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3738 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3739 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3740 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3741 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3742 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3743 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3744 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
3745 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
3746 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
3747 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
3748 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3749 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3750 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3751 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*);
3752 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int);
3753 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
3754 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3755 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
3756 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3757 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
3758 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
3759 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
3760 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
3761 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
3762 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3763 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
3764 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
3765 #endif
3766 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
3767 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
3768 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
3769 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
3770 void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
3771 void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
3772 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
3773 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
3774 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
3775 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
3776 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
3777 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
3778 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
3779 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
3780 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
3781 #endif
3782 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
3783 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
3784 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
3785 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
3786 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
3787     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
3788 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3789 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
3790 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
3791 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
3792                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*);
3793 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
3794 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
3795 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
3796 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
3797 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
3798 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
3799 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
3800 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
3801 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
3802 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
3803 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
3804 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
3805 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
3806 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3807 void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
3808 #else
3809 # define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
3810 #endif
3811 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
3812 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
3813 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
3814 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
3815 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
3816 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
3817 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
3818 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
3819 
3820 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3821 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
3822 #endif
3823 
3824 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
3825   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
3826                            Expr*,int, int);
3827   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
3828   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3829   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
3830   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
3831   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
3832   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
3833                             int, int, int);
3834   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
3835   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
3836   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
3837   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
3838   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
3839                                         Select*,u8);
3840   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
3841   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
3842   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
3843   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3844   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
3845 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
3846 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
3847 #else
3848 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
3849 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
3850 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
3851 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
3852 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
3853 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
3854 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
3855 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
3856 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
3857 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
3858 #endif
3859 
3860 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
3861 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
3862 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
3863 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
3864   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
3865   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3866   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
3867   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
3868   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
3869 #else
3870 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
3871 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
3872 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
3873 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
3874 #endif
3875 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
3876 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
3877 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
3878 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
3879 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
3880 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
3881 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
3882 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
3883 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
3884 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
3885 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
3886 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
3887 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
3888 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
3889 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
3890 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
3891 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3892 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
3893 #endif
3894 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
3895     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
3896     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
3897 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
3898 #endif
3899 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
3900 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
3901 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
3902 
3903 /*
3904 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
3905 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
3906 ** file.
3907 */
3908 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
3909 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
3910 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
3911 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
3912 
3913 /*
3914 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
3915 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
3916 ** the procedure for larger varints.
3917 */
3918 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
3919   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
3920 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
3921   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
3922   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
3923 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
3924 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
3925 
3926 
3927 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
3928 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
3929 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
3930 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
3931 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
3932 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
3933 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
3934 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
3935 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
3936 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
3937 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
3938 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
3939 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
3940 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
3941 
3942 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
3943 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
3944 #endif
3945 
3946 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
3947 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
3948 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
3949 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
3950 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
3951 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
3952 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
3953 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
3954 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
3955 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
3956 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
3957 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
3958 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
3959 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
3960 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
3961 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
3962 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
3963 #else
3964 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
3965 #endif
3966 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
3967 
3968 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3969 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3970 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
3971                         void(*)(void*));
3972 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
3973 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
3974 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
3975 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
3976 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
3977 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
3978 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
3979 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
3980 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
3981 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
3982 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
3983 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
3984 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
3985 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
3986 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
3987 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
3988 #endif
3989 #endif
3990 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
3991 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
3992 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
3993 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
3994 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
3995 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3996 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
3997 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr *, int, int);
3998 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
3999 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4000 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4001 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4002 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4003 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4004 void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4005 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4006 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4007 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4008 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4009 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4010 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, u8*);
4011 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4012 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4013 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4014 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4015 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4016 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4017 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4018 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4019 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4020 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4021 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4022 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4023 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4024 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4025 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4026 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4027 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4028 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4029 #endif
4030 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4031   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4032   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4033   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4034 );
4035 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4036 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4037 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4038 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4039 
4040 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4041 void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
4042 void sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(StrAccum*,const char*);
4043 void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum*,int,char);
4044 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4045 void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
4046 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4047 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4048 
4049 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4050 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4051 
4052 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4053 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4054 #else
4055 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4056 #endif
4057 
4058 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
4059 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
4060 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4061     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4062 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4063 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4064 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4065 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4066 #endif
4067 
4068 /*
4069 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4070 */
4071 void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64));
4072 void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4073 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
4074 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4075   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4076 #endif
4077 
4078 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4079 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4080   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4081 #else
4082 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4083 #endif
4084 
4085 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4086   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4087 #else
4088   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4089 #endif
4090 
4091 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4092   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4093 #endif
4094 
4095 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4096 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4097 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4098 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4099 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4100 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4101 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4102 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4103 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4104 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4105 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4106 #else
4107    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4108    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4109    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4110    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4111    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4112    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4113    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4114    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4115    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4116    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4117    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4118    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4119      sqlite3*,
4120      const char*,
4121      const sqlite3_module*,
4122      void*,
4123      void(*)(void*)
4124    );
4125 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4126 #endif
4127 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4128 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4129 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4130 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4131 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4132 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4133 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4134 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4135 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4136 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4137 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4138 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4139 void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
4140 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4141 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4142 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4143 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4144 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4145 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4146 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4147 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4148 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4149 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4150   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4151   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4152 #endif
4153 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4154   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4155   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4156   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4157 #else
4158 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4159 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4160 #endif
4161 
4162 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4163 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4164 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4165 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4166 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4167 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4168 */
4169 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4170   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4171   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4172   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4173   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4174   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4175   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4176 #else
4177   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4178   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4179   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4180   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4181   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4182 #endif
4183 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4184   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4185   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4186 #else
4187   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4188   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4189 #endif
4190 
4191 
4192 /*
4193 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4194 */
4195 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4196 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4197 
4198 /*
4199 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4200 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4201 ** is not defined.
4202 */
4203 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4204   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4205   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4206 #else
4207   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4208   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4209 #endif
4210 
4211 /*
4212 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4213 */
4214 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4215 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4216 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4217 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4218 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4219 /*
4220 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4221 */
4222 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4223 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4224 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4225 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*);
4226 
4227 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4228 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4229 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
4230   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4231 #endif
4232 
4233 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4234 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4235 
4236 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4237 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4238   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4239   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4240 #else
4241   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4242   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4243 #endif
4244 
4245 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4246 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4247 
4248 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4249   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4250   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4251   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4252 #else
4253   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4254   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4255   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4256 #endif
4257 
4258 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4259   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4260 #endif
4261 
4262 /*
4263 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4264 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4265 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4266 */
4267 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4268 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4269   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4270 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4271 #else
4272 # define IOTRACE(A)
4273 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4274 #endif
4275 
4276 /*
4277 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4278 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4279 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4280 **
4281 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4282 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4283 ** a single bit set.
4284 **
4285 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4286 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4287 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4288 **
4289 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4290 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4291 **
4292 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4293 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4294 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4295 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4296 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4297 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4298 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4299 ** this constraint.
4300 **
4301 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4302 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4303 */
4304 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4305   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4306   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4307   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4308 #else
4309 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4310 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4311 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4312 #endif
4313 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4314 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4315 #define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
4316 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
4317 
4318 /*
4319 ** Threading interface
4320 */
4321 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4322 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4323 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4324 #endif
4325 
4326 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4327 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4328 #endif
4329 
4330 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4331 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4332 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4333 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4334 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4335 
4336 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4337