xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 52b1dbb5)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure that rand_s() is available on Windows systems with MSVC 2005
47 ** or higher.
48 */
49 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
50 #  define _CRT_RAND_S
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* What version of GCC is being used.  0 means GCC is not being used */
99 #ifdef __GNUC__
100 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
101 #else
102 # define GCC_VERSION 0
103 #endif
104 
105 /* Needed for various definitions... */
106 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
107 # define _GNU_SOURCE
108 #endif
109 
110 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
111 # define _BSD_SOURCE
112 #endif
113 
114 /*
115 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
116 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
117 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
118 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
119 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
120 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
121 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
122 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
123 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
124 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
125 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
126 ** disabled.
127 */
128 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
129 # include "mingw.h"
130 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
131 # include "_mingw.h"
132 #endif
133 
134 /*
135 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
136 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
137 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
138 */
139 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
140     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
141     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
142     defined(__MSVCRT__)
143 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
144 #endif
145 
146 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
147 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
148 ** MinGW.
149 */
150 #include "sqlite3.h"
151 
152 /*
153 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
154 ** autoconf-based build
155 */
156 #ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
157 #include "config.h"
158 #endif
159 
160 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
161 
162 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
163 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
164 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
165 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
166 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
167 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
168 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
169 #endif
170 
171 /*
172 ** Include standard header files as necessary
173 */
174 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
175 #include <stdint.h>
176 #endif
177 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
178 #include <inttypes.h>
179 #endif
180 
181 /*
182 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
183 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
184 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
185 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
186 **
187 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
188 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
189 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
190 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
191 **
192 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
193 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
194 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
195 ** compiler.
196 */
197 #if defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
198 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
199 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
200 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
201 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
202 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
203 #elif defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
204 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
205 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
206 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
207 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
208 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
209 #endif
210 
211 /*
212 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
213 ** inlined.
214 */
215 #if defined(__GNUC__)
216 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
217 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
218 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
219 #else
220 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
221 #endif
222 
223 /*
224 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
225 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
226 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
227 */
228 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
229 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1300
230 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
231 #      include <intrin.h>
232 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
233 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
234 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
235 #    else
236 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
237 #    endif
238 #  endif
239 #endif
240 
241 /*
242 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
243 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
244 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
245 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
246 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
247 ** database connection at the same time.
248 **
249 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
250 ** We support that for legacy.
251 */
252 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
253 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
254 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
255 # else
256 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
257 # endif
258 #endif
259 
260 /*
261 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
262 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
263 */
264 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
265 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
266 #endif
267 
268 /*
269 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
270 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
271 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
272 */
273 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
274 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
275 #endif
276 
277 /*
278 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
279 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
280 **
281 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
282 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
283 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
284 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
285 **
286 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
287 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
288 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
289 ** assertion will be triggered.
290 **
291 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
292 ** the default.
293 */
294 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
295   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
296   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
297   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
298 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
299  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
300  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
301  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
302 #endif
303 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
304   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
305   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
306   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
307 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
308 #endif
309 
310 /*
311 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
312 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
313 */
314 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
315 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
316 #endif
317 
318 /*
319 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
320 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
321 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
322 ** it.
323 */
324 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
325 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
326 #endif
327 
328 /*
329 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
330 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
331 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
332 **
333 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
334 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
335 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
336 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
337 ** feature.
338 */
339 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
340 # define NDEBUG 1
341 #endif
342 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
343 # undef NDEBUG
344 #endif
345 
346 /*
347 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
348 */
349 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
350 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
351 #endif
352 
353 /*
354 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
355 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
356 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
357 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
358 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
359 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
360 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
361 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
362 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
363 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
364 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
365 **
366 */
367 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
368   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
369 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
370 #else
371 # define testcase(X)
372 #endif
373 
374 /*
375 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
376 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
377 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
378 */
379 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
380 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
381 #else
382 # define TESTONLY(X)
383 #endif
384 
385 /*
386 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
387 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
388 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
389 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
390 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
391 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
392 */
393 #ifndef NDEBUG
394 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
395 #else
396 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
397 #endif
398 
399 /*
400 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
401 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
402 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
403 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
404 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
405 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
406 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
407 **
408 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
409 **
410 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
411 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
412 ** not be counted as untested code.
413 */
414 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
415 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
416 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
417 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
418 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
419 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
420 #else
421 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
422 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
423 #endif
424 
425 /*
426 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
427 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
428 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
429 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
430 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
431 */
432 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
433 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
434 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
435 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
436 #else
437 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
438 #endif
439 
440 /*
441 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
442 */
443 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
444     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
445   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
446 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
447 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
448 #else
449 # define OSTRACE(X)
450 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
451 #endif
452 
453 /*
454 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
455 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
456 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
457 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
458 */
459 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
460     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
461 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
462 #else
463 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
464 #endif
465 
466 /*
467 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
468 */
469 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
470 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
471 #endif
472 
473 /*
474 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
475 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
476 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
477 */
478 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
479 
480 /*
481 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
482 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
483 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
484 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
485 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
486 */
487 #define likely(X)    (X)
488 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
489 
490 #include "hash.h"
491 #include "parse.h"
492 #include <stdio.h>
493 #include <stdlib.h>
494 #include <string.h>
495 #include <assert.h>
496 #include <stddef.h>
497 
498 /*
499 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
500 ** substitute integer for floating-point
501 */
502 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
503 # define double sqlite_int64
504 # define float sqlite_int64
505 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
506 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
507 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
508 # endif
509 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
510 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
511 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
512 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
513 #endif
514 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
515 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
516 #endif
517 
518 /*
519 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
520 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
521 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
522 */
523 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
524 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
525 #else
526 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
527 #endif
528 
529 /*
530 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
531 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
532 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
533 ** that the library can read.
534 */
535 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
536 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
537 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
538 #endif
539 
540 /*
541 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
542 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
543 */
544 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
545 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
546 #endif
547 
548 /*
549 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
550 ** on the command-line
551 */
552 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
553 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
554 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
555 #endif
556 
557 /*
558 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
559 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
560 ** to zero.
561 */
562 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
563 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
564 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
565 #endif
566 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
567 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
568 #endif
569 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
570 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
571 #endif
572 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
573 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
574 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
575 #endif
576 
577 /*
578 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
579 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
580 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
581 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
582 */
583 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
584 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 100
585 #endif
586 
587 /*
588 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
589 ** ourselves.
590 */
591 #ifndef offsetof
592 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
593 #endif
594 
595 /*
596 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
597 */
598 #ifndef MIN
599 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
600 #endif
601 #ifndef MAX
602 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
603 #endif
604 
605 /*
606 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
607 */
608 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
609 
610 /*
611 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
612 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
613 */
614 #if 'A' == '\301'
615 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
616 #else
617 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
618 #endif
619 
620 /*
621 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
622 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
623 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
624 **
625 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
626 */
627 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
628 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
629 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
630 # else
631 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
632 # endif
633 #endif
634 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
635 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
636 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
637 # else
638 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
639 # endif
640 #endif
641 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
642 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
643 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
644 # else
645 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
646 # endif
647 #endif
648 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
649 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
650 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
651 # else
652 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
653 # endif
654 #endif
655 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
656 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
657 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
658 # else
659 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
660 # endif
661 #endif
662 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
663 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
664 #endif
665 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
666 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
667 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
668 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
669 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
670 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
671 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
672 
673 /*
674 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
675 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
676 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
677 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
678 */
679 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
680 
681 /*
682 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
683 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
684 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
685 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
686 */
687 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
688  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
689 #else
690  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
691 #endif
692 
693 /*
694 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
695 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
696 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
697 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
698 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
699 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
700 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
701 **
702 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
703 **
704 ** Examples:
705 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
706 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
707 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
708 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
709 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
710 **
711 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
712 ** Examples:
713 **
714 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
715 */
716 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
717 
718 /*
719 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
720 */
721 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
722 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
723 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
724 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
725        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)
726 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
727 # else
728 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
729 # endif
730 #endif
731 
732 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
733 */
734 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
735   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
736 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
737   typedef u32 uptr;
738 #else
739   typedef u64 uptr;
740 #endif
741 
742 /*
743 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
744 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
745 **
746 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
747 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
748 ** contained within the buffer S.
749 */
750 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
751 
752 
753 /*
754 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
755 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
756 **
757 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
758 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
759 ** -DSQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER=1 is set, then byte-order is determined
760 ** at run-time.
761 */
762 #if (defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
763      defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
764      defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)     || defined(__x86)   ||    \
765      defined(__arm__)) && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
766 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
767 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
768 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
769 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
770 #endif
771 #if (defined(sparc)    || defined(__ppc__))  \
772     && !defined(SQLITE_RUNTIME_BYTEORDER)
773 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
774 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
775 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
776 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
777 #endif
778 #if !defined(SQLITE_BYTEORDER)
779 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
780   const int sqlite3one = 1;
781 # else
782   extern const int sqlite3one;
783 # endif
784 # define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    0     /* 0 means "unknown at compile-time" */
785 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
786 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
787 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
788 #endif
789 
790 /*
791 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
792 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
793 ** compilers.
794 */
795 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
796 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
797 
798 /*
799 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
800 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
801 */
802 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
803 
804 /*
805 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
806 */
807 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
808 
809 /*
810 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
811 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
812 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
813 **
814 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
815 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
816 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
817 */
818 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
819 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
820 #else
821 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
822 #endif
823 
824 /*
825 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
826 */
827 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
828 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
829 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
830 #endif
831 
832 /*
833 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
834 */
835 #ifdef __APPLE__
836 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
837 #endif
838 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
839 # if defined(__linux__) \
840   || defined(_WIN32) \
841   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
842   || defined(__sun) \
843   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
844   || defined(__DragonFly__)
845 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
846 # else
847 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
848 # endif
849 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1 /* exclude from ctime.c */
850 #endif
851 
852 /*
853 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
854 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
855 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
856 */
857 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
858 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
859 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
860 #endif
861 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
862 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
863 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
864 #endif
865 
866 /*
867 ** Only one of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 or SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 can be defined.
868 ** Priority is given to SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4.  If either are defined, also
869 ** define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
870 */
871 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
872 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
873 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
874 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
875 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
876 #elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
877 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
878 #endif
879 
880 /*
881 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
882 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
883 */
884 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
885 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
886 #else
887 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
888 #endif
889 
890 /*
891 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
892 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
893 **
894 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
895 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
896 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
897 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
898 */
899 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
900 struct BusyHandler {
901   int (*xFunc)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
902   void *pArg;                /* First arg to busy callback */
903   int nBusy;                 /* Incremented with each busy call */
904 };
905 
906 /*
907 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
908 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
909 ** user tables and indices.
910 */
911 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
912 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
913 
914 /*
915 ** The root-page of the master database table.
916 */
917 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
918 
919 /*
920 ** The name of the schema table.
921 */
922 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
923 
924 /*
925 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
926 ** an array.
927 */
928 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
929 
930 /*
931 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
932 */
933 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
934 
935 /*
936 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
937 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
938 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
939 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
940 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
941 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
942 */
943 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
944 
945 /*
946 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
947 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
948 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
949 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
950 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
951 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
952 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
953 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
954 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
955 **
956 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
957 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
958 */
959 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
960   #define SQLITE_WSD const
961   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
962   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
963   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
964   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
965 #else
966   #define SQLITE_WSD
967   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
968   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
969 #endif
970 
971 /*
972 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
973 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
974 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
975 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
976 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
977 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
978 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
979 **
980 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
981 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
982 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
983 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
984 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
985 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
986 */
987 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
988 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
989 
990 /*
991 ** Forward references to structures
992 */
993 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
994 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
995 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
996 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
997 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
998 typedef struct Column Column;
999 typedef struct Db Db;
1000 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1001 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1002 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1003 typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
1004 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1005 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1006 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1007 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1008 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1009 typedef struct Index Index;
1010 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1011 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1012 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1013 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1014 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1015 typedef struct Module Module;
1016 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1017 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1018 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1019 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1020 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1021 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1022 typedef struct Select Select;
1023 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1024 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1025 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1026 typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
1027 typedef struct Table Table;
1028 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1029 typedef struct Token Token;
1030 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1031 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1032 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1033 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1034 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1035 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1036 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1037 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1038 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1039 typedef struct With With;
1040 
1041 /*
1042 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1043 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1044 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1045 */
1046 #include "btree.h"
1047 #include "vdbe.h"
1048 #include "pager.h"
1049 #include "pcache.h"
1050 #include "os.h"
1051 #include "mutex.h"
1052 
1053 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1054 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1055 */
1056 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1057 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1058 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1059 #endif
1060 
1061 /*
1062 ** Default synchronous levels.
1063 **
1064 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1065 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1066 **
1067 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1068 **   OFF           1                         0
1069 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1070 **   FULL          3                         2
1071 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1072 **
1073 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1074 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1075 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1076 */
1077 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1078 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS (PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL-1)
1079 #endif
1080 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1081 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1082 #endif
1083 
1084 /*
1085 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1086 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1087 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1088 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1089 ** databases may be attached.
1090 */
1091 struct Db {
1092   char *zName;         /* Name of this database */
1093   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1094   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1095   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1096   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1097 };
1098 
1099 /*
1100 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1101 **
1102 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1103 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1104 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1105 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1106 **
1107 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1108 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1109 ** sqlite3_close().
1110 *
1111 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1112 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1113 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1114 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1115 */
1116 struct Schema {
1117   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1118   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1119   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1120   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1121   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1122   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1123   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1124   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1125   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1126   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1127   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1128 };
1129 
1130 /*
1131 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1132 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1133 */
1134 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1135 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1136 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1137 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1138 
1139 /*
1140 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1141 **
1142 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1143 ** read into internal hash tables.
1144 **
1145 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1146 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1147 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1148 */
1149 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1150 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1151 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1152 
1153 /*
1154 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1155 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1156 */
1157 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1158 
1159 /*
1160 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1161 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1162 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1163 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1164 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1165 ** SQL statements.
1166 **
1167 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1168 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1169 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1170 ** objects.
1171 **
1172 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1173 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1174 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1175 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1176 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1177 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1178 */
1179 struct Lookaside {
1180   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1181   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1182   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1183   int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
1184   int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
1185   int anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1186   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1187   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1188   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1189 };
1190 struct LookasideSlot {
1191   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1192 };
1193 
1194 /*
1195 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1196 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1197 **
1198 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1199 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.
1200 */
1201 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1202 struct FuncDefHash {
1203   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1204 };
1205 
1206 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1207 /*
1208 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1209 ** to manage user authentication.
1210 */
1211 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1212 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1213   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1214   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1215   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1216   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1217 };
1218 
1219 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1220 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1221 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1222 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1223 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1224 
1225 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1226 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1227 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1228 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1229 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1230 
1231 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1232 
1233 /*
1234 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1235 */
1236 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1237   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1238                                const char*, const char*);
1239 #else
1240   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1241                                const char*);
1242 #endif
1243 
1244 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1245 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1246 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1247 */
1248 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0x80
1249 #else
1250 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY  0
1251 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1252 
1253 
1254 /*
1255 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1256 */
1257 struct sqlite3 {
1258   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1259   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1260   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1261   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1262   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1263   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1264   int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
1265   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1266   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1267   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1268   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1269   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1270   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1271   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1272   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1273   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1274   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1275   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1276   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1277   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1278   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1279   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1280   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1281   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1282   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1283   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1284   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1285   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1286   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1287   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1288   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1289   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1290     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1291     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1292     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1293     u8 orphanTrigger;           /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1294     u8 imposterTable;           /* Building an imposter table */
1295   } init;
1296   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1297   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1298   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1299   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1300   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1301   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1302   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1303   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1304   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1305   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1306   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1307   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1308   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1309   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1310   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1311   void *pUpdateArg;
1312   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1313 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1314   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1315   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1316     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1317   );
1318   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1319 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1320 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1321   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1322   void *pWalArg;
1323 #endif
1324   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1325   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1326   void *pCollNeededArg;
1327   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1328   union {
1329     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1330     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1331   } u1;
1332   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1333 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1334   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1335   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1336 #endif
1337 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1338   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1339   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1340   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1341 #endif
1342 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1343   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1344   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1345   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1346   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1347   VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1348 #endif
1349   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1350   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1351   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1352   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1353   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1354   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1355   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1356   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1357   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1358   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1359   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1360 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1361   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1362   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1363   **
1364   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1365   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1366   **
1367   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1368   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1369   ** held by Y.
1370   */
1371   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1372   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1373   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1374   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1375   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1376 #endif
1377 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1378   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1379 #endif
1380 };
1381 
1382 /*
1383 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1384 */
1385 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1386 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1387 
1388 /*
1389 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1390 **
1391 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1392 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1393 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1394 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1395 */
1396 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1397 #define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1398 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1399 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1400 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1401 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1402 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1403 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1404                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1405                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1406 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1407                                           /*   result set is empty */
1408 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1409 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
1410 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1411 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x00001000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1412 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1413 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0004000  /* For shared-cache mode */
1414 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1415 #define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00010000  /* Ignore schema errors */
1416 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00020000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1417 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00040000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1418 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1419 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1420 #define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1421 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
1422 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00800000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1423 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x01000000  /* True to enable triggers */
1424 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x02000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1425 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x04000000  /* Disable database changes */
1426 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x08000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1427 #define SQLITE_Vacuum         0x10000000  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1428 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x20000000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1429 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x40000000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1430 
1431 
1432 /*
1433 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1434 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1435 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1436 */
1437 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1438 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
1439 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1440 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1441 /*                not used    0x0010   // Was: SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt */
1442 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1443 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
1444 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1445 #define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
1446 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
1447 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1448 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
1449 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x2000   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1450 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1451 
1452 /*
1453 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1454 */
1455 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
1456 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1457 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1458 #else
1459 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  0
1460 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   1
1461 #endif
1462 
1463 /*
1464 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1465 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1466 */
1467 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1468 
1469 /*
1470 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1471 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1472 ** than being distinct from one another.
1473 */
1474 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1475 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1476 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1477 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1478 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1479 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1480 
1481 /*
1482 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1483 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1484 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1485 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1486 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1487 **
1488 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1489 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1490 */
1491 struct FuncDef {
1492   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1493   u16 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1494   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1495   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1496   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1497   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1498   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1499   union {
1500     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1501     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1502   } u;
1503 };
1504 
1505 /*
1506 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1507 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1508 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1509 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1510 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1511 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1512 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1513 ** FuncDestructor.
1514 **
1515 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1516 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1517 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1518 */
1519 struct FuncDestructor {
1520   int nRef;
1521   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1522   void *pUserData;
1523 };
1524 
1525 /*
1526 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1527 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1528 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1529 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1530 **
1531 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1532 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1533 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1534 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1535 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1536 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1537 */
1538 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1539 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1540 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1541 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1542 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1543 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1544 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1545 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1546 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1547 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1548 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1549 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1550 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1551                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1552 
1553 /*
1554 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1555 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1556 **
1557 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1558 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1559 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1560 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1561 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1562 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1563 **
1564 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1565 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1566 **
1567 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1568 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1569 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1570 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1571 **     a single query.
1572 **
1573 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1574 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1575 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1576 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1577 **     FUNCTION().
1578 **
1579 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1580 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1581 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1582 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1583 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1584 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1585 **     parameter.
1586 */
1587 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1588   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1589    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1590 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1591   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1592    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1593 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1594   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1595    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1596 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1597   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1598    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1599 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1600   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1601    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, }
1602 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1603   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1604    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
1605 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
1606   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1607    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1608 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1609   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1610    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName, {0}}
1611 
1612 /*
1613 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1614 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1615 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1616 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1617 */
1618 struct Savepoint {
1619   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1620   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1621   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1622   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1623 };
1624 
1625 /*
1626 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1627 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1628 */
1629 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1630 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1631 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1632 
1633 
1634 /*
1635 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1636 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1637 ** hash table.
1638 */
1639 struct Module {
1640   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1641   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1642   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1643   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1644   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1645 };
1646 
1647 /*
1648 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1649 ** of this structure.
1650 */
1651 struct Column {
1652   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1653   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1654   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1655   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1656   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1657   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1658   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1659 };
1660 
1661 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1662 */
1663 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1664 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1665 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
1666 
1667 /*
1668 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1669 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1670 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1671 **
1672 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1673 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1674 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1675 */
1676 struct CollSeq {
1677   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1678   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1679   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1680   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1681   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1682 };
1683 
1684 /*
1685 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1686 */
1687 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1688 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1689 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1690 
1691 /*
1692 ** Column affinity types.
1693 **
1694 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1695 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1696 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1697 **
1698 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1699 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1700 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1701 **
1702 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1703 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1704 */
1705 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
1706 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
1707 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
1708 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
1709 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'
1710 
1711 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1712 
1713 /*
1714 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1715 ** affinity value.
1716 */
1717 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1718 
1719 /*
1720 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1721 ** changing the affinity.
1722 **
1723 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1724 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1725 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1726 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1727 */
1728 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1729 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1730 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1731 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1732 
1733 /*
1734 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1735 ** the database schema.
1736 **
1737 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1738 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1739 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1740 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1741 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1742 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1743 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1744 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1745 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1746 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1747 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1748 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1749 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1750 **
1751 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1752 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1753 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1754 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1755 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1756 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1757 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1758 **
1759 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1760 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1761 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1762 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1763 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1764 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1765 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1766 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1767 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1768 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1769 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1770 **
1771 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1772 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1773 ** the first argument.
1774 */
1775 struct VTable {
1776   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1777   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1778   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1779   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1780   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1781   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1782   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1783 };
1784 
1785 /*
1786 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1787 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1788 */
1789 struct Table {
1790   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1791   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1792   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1793   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1794   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1795   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1796   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1797                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1798   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1799   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1800   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1801   u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1802   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1803   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1804 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1805   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1806 #endif
1807   u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
1808   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1809 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1810   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1811 #endif
1812 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1813   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1814   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1815   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1816 #endif
1817   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1818   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1819   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1820 };
1821 
1822 /*
1823 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1824 **
1825 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1826 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1827 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1828 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1829 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1830 */
1831 #define TF_Readonly        0x01    /* Read-only system table */
1832 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x02    /* An ephemeral table */
1833 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x04    /* Table has a primary key */
1834 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x08    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
1835 #define TF_Virtual         0x10    /* Is a virtual table */
1836 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x20    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
1837 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x40    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
1838 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x80    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
1839 
1840 
1841 /*
1842 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
1843 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
1844 ** table support is omitted from the build.
1845 */
1846 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1847 #  define IsVirtual(X)      (((X)->tabFlags & TF_Virtual)!=0)
1848 #else
1849 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
1850 #endif
1851 
1852 /*
1853 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
1854 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
1855 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
1856 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
1857 */
1858 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
1859 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1860 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1861 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
1862 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
1863 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1864 #else
1865 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
1866 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
1867 #endif
1868 
1869 
1870 /* Does the table have a rowid */
1871 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
1872 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
1873 
1874 /*
1875 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
1876 **
1877 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
1878 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
1879 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
1880 ** Consider this example:
1881 **
1882 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
1883 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
1884 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
1885 **     );
1886 **
1887 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
1888 ** Equivalent names:
1889 **
1890 **     from-table == child-table
1891 **       to-table == parent-table
1892 **
1893 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
1894 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
1895 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
1896 **
1897 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
1898 **
1899 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
1900 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
1901 */
1902 struct FKey {
1903   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
1904   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
1905   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
1906   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
1907   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
1908   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
1909   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
1910   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
1911   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
1912   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
1913   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
1914     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
1915     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
1916   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
1917 };
1918 
1919 /*
1920 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
1921 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
1922 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
1923 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
1924 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
1925 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
1926 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
1927 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
1928 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
1929 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
1930 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
1931 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
1932 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
1933 **
1934 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
1935 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
1936 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
1937 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
1938 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
1939 ** foreign key.
1940 **
1941 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
1942 ** of action to take.
1943 */
1944 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
1945 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
1946 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
1947 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
1948 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
1949 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
1950 
1951 #define OE_Restrict 6   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
1952 #define OE_SetNull  7   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
1953 #define OE_SetDflt  8   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
1954 #define OE_Cascade  9   /* Cascade the changes */
1955 
1956 #define OE_Default  10  /* Do whatever the default action is */
1957 
1958 
1959 /*
1960 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
1961 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
1962 ** comparison of the two index keys.
1963 **
1964 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
1965 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
1966 ** for the rowid at the end.
1967 */
1968 struct KeyInfo {
1969   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
1970   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
1971   u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
1972   u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
1973   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
1974   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
1975   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
1976 };
1977 
1978 /*
1979 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
1980 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
1981 **
1982 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
1983 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
1984 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
1985 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
1986 ** OP_Column opcode.
1987 **
1988 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
1989 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
1990 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
1991 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
1992 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
1993 **
1994 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
1995 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
1996 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
1997 ** is in DESC order.
1998 **
1999 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2000 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2001 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2002 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2003 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2004 ** find the first match.
2005 **
2006 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2007 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2008 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2009 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2010 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2011 ** b-tree.
2012 */
2013 struct UnpackedRecord {
2014   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2015   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2016   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2017   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2018   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2019   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2020   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
2021   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2022 };
2023 
2024 
2025 /*
2026 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2027 ** instance of the following structure.
2028 **
2029 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2030 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2031 ** we have the following table and index:
2032 **
2033 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2034 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2035 **
2036 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2037 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2038 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2039 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2040 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2041 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2042 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2043 **
2044 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2045 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2046 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2047 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2048 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2049 ** element.
2050 **
2051 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2052 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2053 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2054 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2055 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2056 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2057 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2058 */
2059 struct Index {
2060   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2061   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2062   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2063   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2064   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2065   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2066   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2067   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2068   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2069   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2070   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2071   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2072   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2073   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2074   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2075   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2076   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 1==UNIQUE, 2==PRIMARY KEY, 0==CREATE INDEX */
2077   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2078   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2079   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2080   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2081   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2082 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
2083   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2084   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2085   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2086   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2087   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2088   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2089 #endif
2090 };
2091 
2092 /*
2093 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2094 */
2095 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2096 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2097 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2098 
2099 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2100 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2101 
2102 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2103 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2104 
2105 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2106 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2107 */
2108 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2109 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2110 
2111 /*
2112 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat3 table is represented in memory
2113 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2114 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2115 */
2116 struct IndexSample {
2117   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2118   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2119   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2120   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2121   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2122 };
2123 
2124 /*
2125 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2126 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2127 **
2128 ** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
2129 ** may contain random values.  Do not make any assumptions about Token.dyn
2130 ** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
2131 */
2132 struct Token {
2133   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2134   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2135 };
2136 
2137 /*
2138 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2139 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2140 **
2141 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2142 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2143 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2144 ** code for that node.
2145 **
2146 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2147 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2148 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2149 */
2150 struct AggInfo {
2151   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2152                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2153   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2154                           ** than the source table */
2155   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2156   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2157   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2158   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2159   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2160   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2161     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2162     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2163     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2164     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2165     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2166     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2167   } *aCol;
2168   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2169   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2170                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2171                           ** aggregate functions */
2172   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2173     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2174     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2175     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2176     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2177   } *aFunc;
2178   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2179 };
2180 
2181 /*
2182 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2183 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2184 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2185 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2186 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2187 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2188 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2189 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2190 */
2191 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2192 typedef i16 ynVar;
2193 #else
2194 typedef int ynVar;
2195 #endif
2196 
2197 /*
2198 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2199 ** of this structure.
2200 **
2201 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2202 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2203 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2204 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2205 ** tree.
2206 **
2207 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2208 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2209 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2210 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2211 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2212 **
2213 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2214 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2215 **
2216 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2217 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2218 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2219 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2220 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2221 ** valid.
2222 **
2223 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2224 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2225 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2226 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2227 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2228 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2229 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2230 **
2231 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2232 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2233 ** number for that variable.
2234 **
2235 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2236 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2237 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2238 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2239 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2240 **
2241 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2242 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2243 ** corresponding table definition.
2244 **
2245 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2246 **
2247 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2248 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2249 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2250 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2251 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2252 **
2253 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2254 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2255 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2256 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2257 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2258 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2259 */
2260 struct Expr {
2261   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2262   char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
2263   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2264   union {
2265     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2266     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2267   } u;
2268 
2269   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2270   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2271   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2272   *********************************************************************/
2273 
2274   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2275   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2276   union {
2277     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2278     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2279   } x;
2280 
2281   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2282   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2283   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2284   *********************************************************************/
2285 
2286 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2287   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2288 #endif
2289   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2290                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2291                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2292                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood */
2293   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2294                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1). */
2295   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2296   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2297   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
2298                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2299                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2300   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2301   Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
2302 };
2303 
2304 /*
2305 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2306 */
2307 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2308 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2309 #define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
2310 #define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
2311 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2312 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2313 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2314 #define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2315 #define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2316 #define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2317 #define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2318 #define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2319 #define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
2320 #define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2321 #define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2322 #define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2323 #define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2324 #define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2325 #define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2326 #define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2327 #define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2328 #define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2329 #define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2330 
2331 /*
2332 ** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
2333 */
2334 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */
2335 
2336 /*
2337 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2338 ** Expr.flags field.
2339 */
2340 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2341 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2342 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2343 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2344 
2345 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2346 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2347 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2348 */
2349 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2350 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2351 #else
2352 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2353 #endif
2354 
2355 /*
2356 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2357 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2358 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2359 */
2360 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2361 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2362 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2363 
2364 /*
2365 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2366 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2367 */
2368 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2369 
2370 /*
2371 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2372 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2373 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2374 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2375 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2376 ** field is not used.
2377 **
2378 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2379 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2380 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2381 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2382 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2383 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2384 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2385 */
2386 struct ExprList {
2387   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2388   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2389     Expr *pExpr;            /* The list of expressions */
2390     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2391     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2392     u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
2393     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2394     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2395     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2396     union {
2397       struct {
2398         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2399         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2400       } x;
2401       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2402     } u;
2403   } *a;                  /* Alloc a power of two greater or equal to nExpr */
2404 };
2405 
2406 /*
2407 ** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
2408 ** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
2409 ** expression.
2410 */
2411 struct ExprSpan {
2412   Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
2413   const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
2414   const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
2415 };
2416 
2417 /*
2418 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2419 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2420 **
2421 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2422 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2423 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2424 **
2425 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2426 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2427 **
2428 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2429 **
2430 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2431 */
2432 struct IdList {
2433   struct IdList_item {
2434     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2435     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2436   } *a;
2437   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2438 };
2439 
2440 /*
2441 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
2442 **
2443 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
2444 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
2445 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
2446 */
2447 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
2448   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
2449 #else
2450   typedef u64 Bitmask;
2451 #endif
2452 
2453 /*
2454 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
2455 */
2456 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
2457 
2458 /*
2459 ** A bit in a Bitmask
2460 */
2461 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
2462 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
2463 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
2464 
2465 /*
2466 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2467 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2468 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2469 **
2470 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2471 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2472 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2473 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2474 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2475 **
2476 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2477 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2478 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2479 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2480 **
2481 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2482 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2483 */
2484 struct SrcList {
2485   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2486   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2487   struct SrcList_item {
2488     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2489     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2490     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2491     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2492     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2493     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2494     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2495     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2496     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2497     struct {
2498       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2499       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2500       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2501       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2502       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2503       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2504       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2505     } fg;
2506 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2507     u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
2508 #endif
2509     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2510     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2511     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2512     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2513     union {
2514       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2515       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2516     } u1;
2517     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2518   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2519 };
2520 
2521 /*
2522 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2523 */
2524 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2525 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2526 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2527 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2528 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2529 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2530 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2531 
2532 
2533 /*
2534 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2535 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2536 **
2537 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2538 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2539 */
2540 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2541 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2542 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2543 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2544 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2545 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2546 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2547                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2548 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2549 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2550 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2551 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2552 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2553 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2554                         /*     0x1000    not currently used */
2555                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2556 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2557                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2558 
2559 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2560 */
2561 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2562 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2563 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2564 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2565 
2566 /*
2567 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2568 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2569 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2570 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2571 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2572 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2573 ** other statements.
2574 **
2575 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2576 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2577 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2578 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2579 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2580 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2581 **
2582 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2583 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2584 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2585 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2586 */
2587 struct NameContext {
2588   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2589   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2590   ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2591   AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2592   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2593   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2594   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2595   u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2596 };
2597 
2598 /*
2599 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2600 **
2601 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2602 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg
2603 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2604 **
2605 */
2606 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2607 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2608 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2609 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2610 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2611 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2612 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2613 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2614 
2615 /*
2616 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2617 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2618 **
2619 ** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
2620 ** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
2621 ** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
2622 ** offset).  But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
2623 ** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
2624 **
2625 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2626 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2627 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2628 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2629 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2630 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2631 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2632 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2633 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2634 */
2635 struct Select {
2636   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2637   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2638   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2639   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2640   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2641 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2642   char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
2643 #endif
2644   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2645   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2646   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2647   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2648   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2649   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2650   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2651   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2652   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2653   Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
2654   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2655 };
2656 
2657 /*
2658 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2659 ** "Select Flag".
2660 **
2661 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2662 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2663 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2664 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2665 */
2666 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2667 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2668 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2669 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2670 #define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2671 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2672 #define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2673 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2674 #define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
2675 #define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2676 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2677 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2678 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2679 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2680 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2681 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2682 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2683 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2684 
2685 
2686 /*
2687 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2688 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2689 ** Type".
2690 **
2691 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2692 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2693 **
2694 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2695 **
2696 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2697 **                     set is not empty.
2698 **
2699 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2700 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2701 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2702 **
2703 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2704 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2705 **
2706 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2707 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2708 **
2709 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2710 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2711 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2712 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2713 **
2714 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2715 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2716 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2717 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2718 **
2719 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2720 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2721 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2722 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2723 **                     the table first.
2724 **
2725 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2726 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2727 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2728 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2729 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2730 **
2731 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2732 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2733 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2734 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2735 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2736 **
2737 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2738 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2739 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2740 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2741 **
2742 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2743 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2744 **                     are distinct.
2745 **
2746 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2747 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2748 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2749 */
2750 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2751 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2752 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2753 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2754 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2755 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2756 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2757 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2758 
2759 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2760 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2761 
2762 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2763 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2764 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2765 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2766 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2767 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2768 
2769 /*
2770 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2771 ** a SELECT statement.
2772 */
2773 struct SelectDest {
2774   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2775   char affSdst;        /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2776   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2777   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2778   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2779   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
2780 };
2781 
2782 /*
2783 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
2784 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
2785 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
2786 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
2787 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
2788 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
2789 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
2790 */
2791 struct AutoincInfo {
2792   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
2793   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
2794   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
2795   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
2796 };
2797 
2798 /*
2799 ** Size of the column cache
2800 */
2801 #ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
2802 # define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
2803 #endif
2804 
2805 /*
2806 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
2807 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2808 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
2809 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
2810 ** completed.
2811 **
2812 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
2813 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
2814 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
2815 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
2816 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
2817 **
2818 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
2819 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
2820 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
2821 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
2822 */
2823 struct TriggerPrg {
2824   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
2825   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
2826   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
2827   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
2828   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
2829 };
2830 
2831 /*
2832 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
2833 */
2834 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
2835   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
2836 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
2837 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
2838 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
2839 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
2840 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
2841 #else
2842   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
2843 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
2844 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
2845 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
2846 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
2847 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
2848 #endif
2849 
2850 /*
2851 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
2852 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
2853 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
2854 **
2855 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
2856 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
2857 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
2858 ** each recursion.
2859 **
2860 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
2861 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
2862 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
2863 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
2864 ** list.
2865 */
2866 struct Parse {
2867   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
2868   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
2869   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
2870   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
2871   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
2872   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
2873   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
2874   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
2875   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
2876   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
2877   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2878   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
2879   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
2880   u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in aColCache[] */
2881   int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
2882   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
2883   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
2884   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
2885   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
2886   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
2887   int nSet;            /* Number of sets used so far */
2888   int nOnce;           /* Number of OP_Once instructions so far */
2889   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2890   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
2891   int iFixedOp;        /* Never back out opcodes iFixedOp-1 or earlier */
2892   int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
2893   int iSelfTab;        /* Table of an index whose exprs are being coded */
2894   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
2895   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
2896   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
2897   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
2898   struct yColCache {
2899     int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
2900     i16 iColumn;          /* Table column number */
2901     u8 tempReg;           /* iReg is a temp register that needs to be freed */
2902     int iLevel;           /* Nesting level */
2903     int iReg;             /* Reg with value of this column. 0 means none. */
2904     int lru;              /* Least recently used entry has the smallest value */
2905   } aColCache[SQLITE_N_COLCACHE];  /* One for each column cache entry */
2906   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
2907   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
2908   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
2909   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
2910   int cookieValue[SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2];  /* Values of cookies to verify */
2911   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
2912   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
2913   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
2914 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
2915   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
2916   int nSelectIndent;   /* How far to indent SELECTTRACE() output */
2917 #endif
2918 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
2919   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
2920   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
2921 #endif
2922   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
2923 
2924   /* Information used while coding trigger programs. */
2925   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
2926   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
2927   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateTable opcode on CREATE TABLE */
2928   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
2929   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
2930   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
2931   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
2932   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
2933   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
2934 
2935   /************************************************************************
2936   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
2937   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
2938   ** using offsetof(Parse,nVar) so the nVar field must be the first field
2939   ** in the recursive region.
2940   ************************************************************************/
2941 
2942   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
2943   int nzVar;                /* Number of available slots in azVar[] */
2944   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
2945   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
2946 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2947   u8 declareVtab;           /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
2948   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
2949 #endif
2950   int nAlias;               /* Number of aliased result set columns */
2951   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
2952 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
2953   int iSelectId;            /* ID of current select for EXPLAIN output */
2954   int iNextSelectId;        /* Next available select ID for EXPLAIN output */
2955 #endif
2956   char **azVar;             /* Pointers to names of parameters */
2957   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
2958   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
2959   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
2960   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
2961   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
2962   Token sNameToken;         /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
2963   Token sLastToken;         /* The last token parsed */
2964 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2965   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
2966   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
2967 #endif
2968   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
2969   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
2970   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
2971   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
2972 };
2973 
2974 /*
2975 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
2976 */
2977 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2978   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
2979 #else
2980   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
2981 #endif
2982 
2983 /*
2984 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
2985 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
2986 */
2987 struct AuthContext {
2988   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
2989   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
2990 };
2991 
2992 /*
2993 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
2994 **
2995 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2996 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
2997 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
2998 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
2999 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3000 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3001 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3002 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3003 */
3004 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3005                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3006 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3007 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x02    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3008 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3009 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3010 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3011 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
3012 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3013 #endif
3014 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3015 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3016 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3017 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3018 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3019 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3020 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3021 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete: keep cursor position */
3022 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3023 
3024 /*
3025  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3026  * struct Trigger.
3027  *
3028  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3029  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3030  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3031  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3032  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3033  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3034  *    struct Table.
3035  *
3036  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3037  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3038  */
3039 struct Trigger {
3040   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3041   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3042   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3043   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3044   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3045   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3046                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3047   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3048   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3049   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3050   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3051 };
3052 
3053 /*
3054 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3055 ** determine which.
3056 **
3057 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3058 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3059 */
3060 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3061 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3062 
3063 /*
3064  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3065  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3066  *
3067  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3068  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3069  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3070  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3071  *
3072  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3073  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3074  * value of "op" as follows:
3075  *
3076  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3077  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3078  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3079  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3080  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3081  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3082  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3083  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3084  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3085  *              inserted into.
3086  *
3087  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3088  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3089  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3090  *              Otherwise NULL.
3091  *
3092  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3093  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3094  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3095  *              Otherwise NULL.
3096  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3097  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3098  *              argument.
3099  *
3100  */
3101 struct TriggerStep {
3102   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3103   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3104   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3105   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3106   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3107   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3108   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
3109   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3110   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3111   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3112 };
3113 
3114 /*
3115 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3116 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3117 ** explicit.
3118 */
3119 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3120 struct DbFixer {
3121   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3122   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3123   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3124   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3125   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3126   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3127 };
3128 
3129 /*
3130 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3131 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3132 */
3133 struct StrAccum {
3134   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3135   char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
3136   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3137   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3138   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3139   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3140   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
3141   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3142 };
3143 #define STRACCUM_NOMEM   1
3144 #define STRACCUM_TOOBIG  2
3145 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3146 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3147 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3148 
3149 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3150 
3151 
3152 /*
3153 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3154 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3155 */
3156 typedef struct {
3157   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3158   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3159   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3160   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3161 } InitData;
3162 
3163 /*
3164 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3165 **
3166 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3167 */
3168 struct Sqlite3Config {
3169   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3170   int bCoreMutex;                   /* True to enable core mutexing */
3171   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
3172   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3173   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3174   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3175   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3176   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3177   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3178   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3179   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3180   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3181   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3182   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3183   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3184   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3185   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3186   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3187   void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
3188   int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
3189   int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
3190   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3191   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3192   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3193   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3194   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3195   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3196   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3197   ** initially be zero, however. */
3198   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3199   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3200   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3201   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3202   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3203   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3204   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3205   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3206   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3207 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3208   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3209   void *pSqllogArg;
3210 #endif
3211 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3212   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3213   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3214   */
3215   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,int iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3216   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3217 #endif
3218 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3219   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3220 #endif
3221   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3222 };
3223 
3224 /*
3225 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3226 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3227 **
3228 **     assert( X );
3229 **
3230 ** One writes:
3231 **
3232 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3233 **
3234 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3235 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3236 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3237 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3238 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3239 */
3240 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3241 
3242 /*
3243 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3244 */
3245 struct Walker {
3246   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3247   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3248   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3249   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3250   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3251   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3252   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3253     NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
3254     int n;                                     /* A counter */
3255     int iCur;                                  /* A cursor number */
3256     SrcList *pSrcList;                         /* FROM clause */
3257     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;                /* Counting column references */
3258     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;                /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3259     int *aiCol;                                /* array of column indexes */
3260     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;                /* Check for index coverage */
3261   } u;
3262 };
3263 
3264 /* Forward declarations */
3265 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3266 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3267 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3268 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3269 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3270 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3271 
3272 /*
3273 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3274 ** callbacks.
3275 */
3276 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3277 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3278 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3279 
3280 /*
3281 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3282 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3283 */
3284 struct With {
3285   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3286   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3287   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3288     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3289     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3290     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3291     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3292   } a[1];
3293 };
3294 
3295 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3296 /*
3297 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3298 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3299 */
3300 struct TreeView {
3301   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3302   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3303 };
3304 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3305 
3306 /*
3307 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3308 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3309 */
3310 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3311   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3312     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3313   }                                                    \
3314 }
3315 
3316 /*
3317 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3318 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3319 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3320 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3321 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3322 */
3323 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3324 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3325 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3326 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3327 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3328 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3329 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3330   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3331   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3332 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3333 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3334 #else
3335 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3336 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3337 #endif
3338 
3339 /*
3340 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3341 */
3342 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3343 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3344 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3345 #endif
3346 
3347 /*
3348 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3349 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3350 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3351 */
3352 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3353 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3354 #endif
3355 
3356 /*
3357 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3358 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3359 */
3360 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3361     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3362 # include <ctype.h>
3363 #endif
3364 
3365 /*
3366 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3367 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3368 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3369 */
3370 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3371 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3372 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3373 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3374 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3375 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3376 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3377 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3378 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3379 #else
3380 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3381 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3382 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3383 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3384 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3385 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3386 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3387 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3388 #endif
3389 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
3390 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3391 #endif
3392 
3393 /*
3394 ** Internal function prototypes
3395 */
3396 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3397 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3398 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3399 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3400 
3401 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3402 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3403 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3404 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3405 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3406 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3407 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3408 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3409 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3410 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3411 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3412 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3413 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3414 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3415 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3416 void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
3417 void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
3418 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3419 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3420 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3421 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3422 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3423 #endif
3424 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3425 
3426 /*
3427 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3428 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3429 ** obtain space from malloc().
3430 **
3431 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3432 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3433 */
3434 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3435 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3436 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3437 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3438 #else
3439 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3440 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3441 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3442 #endif
3443 
3444 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3445 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3446 */
3447 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3448 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3449 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3450 #endif
3451 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3452 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3453 #endif
3454 
3455 
3456 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3457   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3458   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3459   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3460   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3461   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3462 #endif
3463 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3464   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3465 #else
3466 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3467 #endif
3468 
3469 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3470 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3471 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3472 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3473 
3474 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3475 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3476 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3477 
3478 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3479   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3480 #else
3481 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3482 #endif
3483 
3484 /*
3485 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3486 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3487 */
3488 struct PrintfArguments {
3489   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3490   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3491   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3492 };
3493 
3494 void sqlite3VXPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, va_list);
3495 void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum*, const char*, ...);
3496 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3497 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3498 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3499   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3500 #endif
3501 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3502   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3503 #endif
3504 
3505 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3506   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3507   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3508   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3509   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3510 #endif
3511 
3512 
3513 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3514 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3515 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3516 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3517 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3518 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3519 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3520 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3521 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3522 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3523 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3524 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3525 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3526 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3527 #endif
3528 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3529 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3530 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3531 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
3532 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3533 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
3534 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
3535 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
3536 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3537 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3538 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
3539 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3540 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
3541 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3542 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3543 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3544 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3545 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3546 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3547 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3548 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3549 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3550 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3551 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3552 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*);
3553 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
3554 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3555 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3556 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3557 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3558 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3559   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3560 #else
3561 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3562 #endif
3563 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3564 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3565 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3566 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3567 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
3568 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3569 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3570 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3571                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3572 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3573 int sqlite3CodeOnce(Parse *);
3574 
3575 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3576 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3577 #else
3578   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3579 #endif
3580 
3581 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3582 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3583 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3584 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3585 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3586 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3587 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3588 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3589 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3590 #endif
3591 
3592 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
3593 void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
3594 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3595 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3596 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3597 
3598 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3599 
3600 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3601   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3602 #else
3603 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3604 #endif
3605 
3606 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3607   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3608 #endif
3609 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3610 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3611 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3612 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3613   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3614   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3615 #else
3616 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3617 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3618 #endif
3619 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
3620 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3621 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
3622 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3623 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
3624 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3625 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3626                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3627 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3628 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3629 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3630 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3631 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3632 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
3633 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
3634 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
3635 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
3636                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
3637 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3638 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
3639 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
3640                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*,Expr*);
3641 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
3642 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
3643 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
3644 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
3645 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
3646 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Expr*,char*);
3647 #endif
3648 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
3649 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
3650 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
3651 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
3652 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
3653 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
3654 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
3655 int sqlite3WhereOrderedInnerLoop(WhereInfo*);
3656 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
3657 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
3658 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
3659 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
3660 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
3661 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
3662 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
3663 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
3664 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
3665 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnToReg(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
3666 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
3667 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
3668 void sqlite3ExprCacheStore(Parse*, int, int, int);
3669 void sqlite3ExprCachePush(Parse*);
3670 void sqlite3ExprCachePop(Parse*);
3671 void sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(Parse*, int, int);
3672 void sqlite3ExprCacheClear(Parse*);
3673 void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
3674 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3675 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3676 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3677 void sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int, u8);
3678 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
3679 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3680 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
3681 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
3682 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
3683 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
3684 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
3685 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3686 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3687 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
3688 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3689 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
3690 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
3691 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
3692 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
3693 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
3694 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3695 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3696 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);
3697 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*);
3698 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
3699 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3700 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
3701 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr*, Expr*, int);
3702 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
3703 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
3704 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
3705 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
3706 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
3707 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
3708 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
3709 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
3710 #endif
3711 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
3712 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
3713 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
3714 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
3715 void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
3716 void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
3717 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
3718 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
3719 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
3720 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
3721 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
3722 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
3723 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
3724 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
3725 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
3726 #endif
3727 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
3728 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
3729 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
3730 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
3731 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
3732     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
3733 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
3734 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
3735 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
3736 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
3737                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*);
3738 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
3739 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
3740 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
3741 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
3742 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
3743 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
3744 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
3745 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
3746 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
3747 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
3748 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
3749 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
3750 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
3751 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
3752 void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
3753 #else
3754 # define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
3755 #endif
3756 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
3757 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
3758 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
3759 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
3760 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
3761 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
3762 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
3763 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
3764 
3765 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
3766 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
3767 #endif
3768 
3769 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
3770   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
3771                            Expr*,int, int);
3772   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
3773   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
3774   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
3775   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
3776   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
3777   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
3778                             int, int, int);
3779   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
3780   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
3781   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
3782   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
3783   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
3784                                         Select*,u8);
3785   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
3786   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
3787   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
3788   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3789   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
3790 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
3791 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
3792 #else
3793 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
3794 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
3795 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
3796 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
3797 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
3798 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
3799 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
3800 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
3801 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
3802 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
3803 #endif
3804 
3805 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
3806 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
3807 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
3808 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
3809   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
3810   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3811   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
3812   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
3813   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
3814 #else
3815 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
3816 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
3817 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
3818 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
3819 #endif
3820 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
3821 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
3822 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
3823 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
3824 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
3825 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
3826 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
3827 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
3828 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
3829 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
3830 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
3831 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
3832 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
3833 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
3834 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
3835 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
3836 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3837 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
3838 #endif
3839 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
3840     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4) || \
3841     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
3842 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
3843 #endif
3844 
3845 /*
3846 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
3847 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
3848 ** file.
3849 */
3850 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
3851 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
3852 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
3853 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
3854 
3855 /*
3856 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
3857 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
3858 ** the procedure for larger varints.
3859 */
3860 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
3861   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
3862 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
3863   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
3864   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
3865 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
3866 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
3867 
3868 
3869 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
3870 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
3871 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
3872 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
3873 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
3874 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
3875 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
3876 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
3877 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
3878 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
3879 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
3880 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
3881 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
3882 
3883 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
3884 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
3885 #endif
3886 
3887 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
3888 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
3889 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
3890 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
3891 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
3892 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
3893 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
3894 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
3895 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
3896 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
3897 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
3898 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
3899 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
3900 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
3901 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
3902 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
3903 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
3904 #else
3905 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
3906 #endif
3907 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
3908 
3909 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3910 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
3911 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
3912                         void(*)(void*));
3913 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
3914 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
3915 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
3916 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
3917 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
3918 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
3919 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
3920 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
3921 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
3922 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
3923 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
3924 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
3925 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
3926 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
3927 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
3928 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
3929 #endif
3930 #endif
3931 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
3932 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
3933 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
3934 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
3935 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
3936 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3937 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
3938 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int, int);
3939 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
3940 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
3941 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
3942 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
3943 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
3944 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
3945 void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
3946 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
3947 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
3948 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
3949 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
3950 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
3951 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, u8*);
3952 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
3953 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
3954 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
3955 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
3956 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
3957 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
3958 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
3959 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
3960 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
3961 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
3962 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
3963 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
3964 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
3965 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
3966 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
3967 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
3968 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3969 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
3970 #endif
3971 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
3972   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
3973   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
3974   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
3975 );
3976 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
3977 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
3978 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
3979 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
3980 
3981 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
3982 void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum*,const char*,int);
3983 void sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(StrAccum*,const char*);
3984 void sqlite3AppendChar(StrAccum*,int,char);
3985 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
3986 void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
3987 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
3988 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
3989 
3990 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
3991 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
3992 
3993 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
3994 void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
3995 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,u8,int,int*);
3996 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
3997 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
3998 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
3999 #endif
4000 
4001 /*
4002 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4003 */
4004 void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64));
4005 void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4006 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
4007 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4008   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4009 #endif
4010 
4011 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4012 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4013   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4014 #else
4015 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4016 #endif
4017 
4018 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4019   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4020 #else
4021   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4022 #endif
4023 
4024 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4025   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4026 #endif
4027 
4028 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4029 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4030 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4031 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4032 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4033 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4034 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4035 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4036 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4037 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4038 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4039 #else
4040    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4041    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4042    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4043    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4044    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4045    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4046    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4047    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4048    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4049    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4050    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4051 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4052 #endif
4053 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4054 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4055 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4056 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4057 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4058 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4059 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4060 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4061 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4062 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4063 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4064 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4065 void sqlite3InvalidFunction(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
4066 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4067 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4068 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4069 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4070 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4071 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4072 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4073 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4074 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4075 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4076   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4077   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4078 #endif
4079 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4080   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4081   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4082   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4083 #else
4084 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4085 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4086 #endif
4087 
4088 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4089 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4090 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4091 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4092 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4093 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4094 */
4095 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4096   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4097   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4098   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4099   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4100   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4101   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4102 #else
4103   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4104   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4105   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4106   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4107   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4108 #endif
4109 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4110   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4111   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4112 #else
4113   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4114   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4115 #endif
4116 
4117 
4118 /*
4119 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4120 */
4121 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4122 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4123 
4124 /*
4125 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4126 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
4127 ** is not defined.
4128 */
4129 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST
4130   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4131   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4132 #else
4133   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4134   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4135 #endif
4136 
4137 /*
4138 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4139 */
4140 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4141 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4142 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4143 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4144 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4145 /*
4146 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4147 */
4148 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4149 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4150 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4151 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*);
4152 
4153 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4154 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4155 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
4156   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4157 #endif
4158 
4159 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4160 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4161 
4162 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4163 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4164   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4165   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4166 #else
4167   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4168   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4169 #endif
4170 
4171 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4172 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4173 
4174 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4175   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4176   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4177   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4178 #else
4179   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4180   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4181   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4182 #endif
4183 
4184 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4185   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4186 #endif
4187 
4188 /*
4189 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4190 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4191 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4192 */
4193 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4194 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4195   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4196 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4197 #else
4198 # define IOTRACE(A)
4199 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4200 #endif
4201 
4202 /*
4203 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4204 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4205 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4206 **
4207 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4208 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4209 ** a single bit set.
4210 **
4211 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4212 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4213 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4214 **
4215 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4216 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4217 **
4218 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4219 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4220 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4221 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4222 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4223 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4224 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4225 ** this constraint.
4226 **
4227 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4228 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4229 */
4230 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4231   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4232   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4233   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4234 #else
4235 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4236 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4237 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4238 #endif
4239 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4240 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4241 #define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
4242 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
4243 
4244 /*
4245 ** Threading interface
4246 */
4247 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4248 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4249 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4250 #endif
4251 
4252 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4253 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4254 #endif
4255 
4256 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4257