xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 37874d7d)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /* Needed for various definitions... */
123 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
124 # define _GNU_SOURCE
125 #endif
126 
127 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
128 # define _BSD_SOURCE
129 #endif
130 
131 /*
132 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
133 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
134 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
135 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
136 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
137 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
138 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
139 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
140 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
141 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
142 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
143 ** disabled.
144 */
145 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
146 # include "mingw.h"
147 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
148 # include "_mingw.h"
149 #endif
150 
151 /*
152 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
153 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
154 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
155 */
156 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
157     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
158     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
159     defined(__MSVCRT__)
160 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
161 #endif
162 
163 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
164 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
165 ** MinGW.
166 */
167 #include "sqlite3.h"
168 
169 /*
170 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
171 ** autoconf-based build
172 */
173 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
174 #include "config.h"
175 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
176 #endif
177 
178 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
179 
180 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
181 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
182 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
183 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
184 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
185 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
186 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190 ** Include standard header files as necessary
191 */
192 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
193 #include <stdint.h>
194 #endif
195 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
196 #include <inttypes.h>
197 #endif
198 
199 /*
200 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
201 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
202 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
203 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
204 **
205 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
206 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
207 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
208 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
209 **
210 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
211 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
212 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
213 ** compiler.
214 */
215 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
216 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
217 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
218 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
219 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
220 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
221 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
222 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
223 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
224 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
225 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
226 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
227 #endif
228 
229 /*
230 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
231 ** inlined.
232 */
233 #if defined(__GNUC__)
234 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
235 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
236 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
237 #else
238 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
239 #endif
240 
241 /*
242 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
243 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
244 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
245 */
246 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
247 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
248 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
249 #      include <intrin.h>
250 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
251 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
252 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
253 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
254 #    else
255 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
256 #    endif
257 #  endif
258 #endif
259 
260 /*
261 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
262 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
263 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
264 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
265 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
266 ** database connection at the same time.
267 **
268 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
269 ** We support that for legacy.
270 **
271 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
272 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
273 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
274 ** also be updated there.
275 */
276 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
277 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
278 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
279 # else
280 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
281 # endif
282 #endif
283 
284 /*
285 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
286 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
287 */
288 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
289 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
290 #endif
291 
292 /*
293 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
294 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
295 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
296 */
297 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
298 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
299 #endif
300 
301 /*
302 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
303 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
304 **
305 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
306 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
307 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
308 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
309 **
310 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
311 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
312 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
313 ** assertion will be triggered.
314 **
315 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
316 ** the default.
317 */
318 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
319   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
320   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
322 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
323  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
324  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
325  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
326 #endif
327 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
328   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
329   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
330   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
331 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
336 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
337 */
338 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
339 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
340 #endif
341 
342 /*
343 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
344 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
345 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
346 ** it.
347 */
348 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
349 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
350 #endif
351 
352 /*
353 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
354 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
355 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
356 **
357 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
358 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
359 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
360 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
361 ** feature.
362 */
363 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
364 # define NDEBUG 1
365 #endif
366 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
367 # undef NDEBUG
368 #endif
369 
370 /*
371 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
372 */
373 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
374 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
375 #endif
376 
377 /*
378 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
379 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
380 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
381 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
382 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
383 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
384 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
385 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
386 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
387 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
388 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
389 **
390 */
391 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
392   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
393 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
394 #else
395 # define testcase(X)
396 #endif
397 
398 /*
399 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
400 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
401 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
402 */
403 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
404 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
405 #else
406 # define TESTONLY(X)
407 #endif
408 
409 /*
410 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
411 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
412 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
413 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
414 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
415 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
416 */
417 #ifndef NDEBUG
418 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
419 #else
420 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
421 #endif
422 
423 /*
424 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
425 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
426 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
427 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
428 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
429 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
430 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
431 **
432 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
433 **
434 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
435 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
436 ** not be counted as untested code.
437 */
438 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
439 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
440 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
441 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
442 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
443 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
444 #else
445 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
446 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
447 #endif
448 
449 /*
450 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
451 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
452 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
453 **
454 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
455 */
456 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
457 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
458 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
459 #else
460 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
461 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
462 #endif
463 
464 /*
465 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
466 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
467 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
468 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
469 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
470 */
471 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
472 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
473 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
474 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
475 #else
476 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
477 #endif
478 
479 /*
480 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
481 */
482 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
483     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
484   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
485 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
486 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
487 #else
488 # define OSTRACE(X)
489 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
490 #endif
491 
492 /*
493 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
494 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
495 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
496 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
497 */
498 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
499     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
500 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
501 #else
502 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
503 #endif
504 
505 /*
506 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
507 */
508 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
509 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
510 #endif
511 
512 /*
513 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
514 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
515 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
516 */
517 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
518 
519 /*
520 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
521 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
522 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
523 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
524 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
525 */
526 #define likely(X)    (X)
527 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
528 
529 #include "hash.h"
530 #include "parse.h"
531 #include <stdio.h>
532 #include <stdlib.h>
533 #include <string.h>
534 #include <assert.h>
535 #include <stddef.h>
536 
537 /*
538 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
539 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
540 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
541 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
542 ** hack only.
543 */
544 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
545 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
546                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
547 #endif
548 
549 /*
550 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
551 ** substitute integer for floating-point
552 */
553 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
554 # define double sqlite_int64
555 # define float sqlite_int64
556 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
557 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
558 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
559 # endif
560 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
561 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
562 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
563 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
564 #endif
565 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
566 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
567 #endif
568 
569 /*
570 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
571 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
572 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
573 */
574 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
575 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
576 #else
577 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
578 #endif
579 
580 /*
581 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
582 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
583 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
584 ** that the library can read.
585 */
586 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
587 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
588 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
589 #endif
590 
591 /*
592 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
593 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
594 */
595 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
596 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
597 #endif
598 
599 /*
600 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
601 ** on the command-line
602 */
603 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
604 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
605 #endif
606 
607 /*
608 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
609 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
610 ** to zero.
611 */
612 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
613 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
614 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
615 #endif
616 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
617 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
618 #endif
619 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
620 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
621 #endif
622 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
623 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
624 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
625 #endif
626 
627 /*
628 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
629 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
630 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
631 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
632 **
633 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
634 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
635 */
636 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
637 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
638 #endif
639 
640 /*
641 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
642 */
643 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
644 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
645 #endif
646 
647 /*
648 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
649 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
650 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
651 */
652 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
653 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
654 #endif
655 
656 /*
657 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
658 ** ourselves.
659 */
660 #ifndef offsetof
661 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
662 #endif
663 
664 /*
665 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
666 */
667 #ifndef MIN
668 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
669 #endif
670 #ifndef MAX
671 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
672 #endif
673 
674 /*
675 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
676 */
677 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
678 
679 /*
680 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
681 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
682 */
683 #if 'A' == '\301'
684 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
685 #else
686 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
687 #endif
688 
689 /*
690 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
691 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
692 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
693 **
694 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
695 */
696 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
697 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
698 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
699 # else
700 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
701 # endif
702 #endif
703 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
704 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
705 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
706 # else
707 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
708 # endif
709 #endif
710 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
711 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
712 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
713 # else
714 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
715 # endif
716 #endif
717 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
718 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
719 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
720 # else
721 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
722 # endif
723 #endif
724 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
725 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
726 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
727 # else
728 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
729 # endif
730 #endif
731 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
732 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
733 #endif
734 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
735 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
736 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
737 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
738 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
739 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
740 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
741 
742 /*
743 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
744 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
745 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
746 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
747 */
748 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
749 
750 /*
751 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
752 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
753 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
754 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
755 */
756 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
757  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
758 #else
759  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
760 #endif
761 
762 /*
763 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
764 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
765 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
766 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
767 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
768 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
769 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
770 **
771 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
772 **
773 ** Examples:
774 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
775 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
776 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
777 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
778 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
779 **
780 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
781 ** Examples:
782 **
783 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
784 */
785 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
786 
787 /*
788 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
789 */
790 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
791 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
792 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
793 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
794        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
795       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
796 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
797 # else
798 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
799 # endif
800 #endif
801 
802 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
803 */
804 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
805   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
806 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
807   typedef u32 uptr;
808 #else
809   typedef u64 uptr;
810 #endif
811 
812 /*
813 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
814 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
815 **
816 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
817 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
818 ** contained within the buffer S.
819 */
820 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
821 
822 
823 /*
824 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
825 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
826 **
827 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
828 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
829 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
830 ** at run-time.
831 */
832 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
833 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
834      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
835      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
836      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
837 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
838 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
839        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
840 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
841 # else
842 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
843 # endif
844 #endif
845 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
846 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
847 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
848 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
849 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
850 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
851 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
852 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
853 #else
854 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
855   const int sqlite3one = 1;
856 # else
857   extern const int sqlite3one;
858 # endif
859 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
860 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
861 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
862 #endif
863 
864 /*
865 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
866 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
867 ** compilers.
868 */
869 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
870 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
871 
872 /*
873 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
874 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
875 */
876 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
877 
878 /*
879 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
880 */
881 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
882 
883 /*
884 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
885 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
886 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
887 **
888 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
889 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
890 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
891 */
892 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
893 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
894 #else
895 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
896 #endif
897 
898 /*
899 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
900 */
901 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
902 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
903 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
904 #endif
905 
906 /*
907 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
908 */
909 #ifdef __APPLE__
910 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
911 #endif
912 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
913 # if defined(__linux__) \
914   || defined(_WIN32) \
915   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
916   || defined(__sun) \
917   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
918   || defined(__DragonFly__)
919 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
920 # else
921 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
922 # endif
923 #endif
924 
925 /*
926 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
927 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
928 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
929 */
930 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
931 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
932 #endif
933 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
934 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
935 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
936 #endif
937 
938 /*
939 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
940 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
941 */
942 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
943 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
944 #else
945 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
946 #endif
947 
948 /*
949 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
950 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
951 **
952 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
953 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
954 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
955 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
956 */
957 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
958 struct BusyHandler {
959   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
960   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
961   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
962   u8 bExtraFileArg;                 /* Include sqlite3_file as callback arg */
963 };
964 
965 /*
966 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
967 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
968 ** user tables and indices.
969 */
970 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
971 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
972 
973 /*
974 ** The root-page of the master database table.
975 */
976 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
977 
978 /*
979 ** The name of the schema table.
980 */
981 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
982 
983 /*
984 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
985 ** an array.
986 */
987 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
988 
989 /*
990 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
991 */
992 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
993 
994 /*
995 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
996 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
997 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
998 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
999 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1000 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1001 */
1002 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
1003 
1004 /*
1005 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1006 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1007 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1008 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1009 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1010 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1011 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1012 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1013 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1014 **
1015 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1016 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1017 */
1018 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1019   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1020   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1021   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1022   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1023   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1024 #else
1025   #define SQLITE_WSD
1026   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1027   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1028 #endif
1029 
1030 /*
1031 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1032 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1033 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1034 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1035 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1036 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1037 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1038 **
1039 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1040 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1041 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1042 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1043 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1044 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1045 */
1046 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1047 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1048 
1049 /*
1050 ** Forward references to structures
1051 */
1052 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1053 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1054 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1055 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1056 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1057 typedef struct Column Column;
1058 typedef struct Db Db;
1059 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1060 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1061 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1062 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1063 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1064 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1065 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1066 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1067 typedef struct Index Index;
1068 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1069 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1070 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1071 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1072 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1073 typedef struct Module Module;
1074 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1075 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1076 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1077 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1078 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1079 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1080 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1081 typedef struct Select Select;
1082 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1083 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1084 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1085 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1086 typedef struct Table Table;
1087 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1088 typedef struct Token Token;
1089 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1090 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1091 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1092 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1093 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1094 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1095 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1096 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1097 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1098 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1099 typedef struct Window Window;
1100 typedef struct With With;
1101 
1102 
1103 /*
1104 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1105 **
1106 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1107 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1108 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1109 */
1110 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1111   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1112 #else
1113   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1114 #endif
1115 
1116 /*
1117 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1118 */
1119 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1120 
1121 /*
1122 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1123 */
1124 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1125 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1126 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1127 
1128 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1129 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1130 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1131 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1132 ** just an array of integers.
1133 */
1134 typedef int VList;
1135 
1136 /*
1137 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1138 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1139 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1140 */
1141 #include "btree.h"
1142 #include "vdbe.h"
1143 #include "pager.h"
1144 #include "pcache.h"
1145 #include "os.h"
1146 #include "mutex.h"
1147 
1148 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1149 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1150 */
1151 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1152 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1153 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1154 #endif
1155 
1156 /*
1157 ** Default synchronous levels.
1158 **
1159 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1160 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1161 **
1162 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1163 **   OFF           1                         0
1164 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1165 **   FULL          3                         2
1166 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1167 **
1168 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1169 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1170 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1171 */
1172 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1173 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1174 #endif
1175 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1176 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1177 #endif
1178 
1179 /*
1180 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1181 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1182 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1183 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1184 ** databases may be attached.
1185 */
1186 struct Db {
1187   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1188   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1189   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1190   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1191   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1192 };
1193 
1194 /*
1195 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1196 **
1197 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1198 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1199 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1200 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1201 **
1202 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1203 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1204 ** sqlite3_close().
1205 *
1206 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1207 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1208 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1209 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1210 */
1211 struct Schema {
1212   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1213   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1214   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1215   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1216   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1217   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1218   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1219   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1220   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1221   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1222   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1223 };
1224 
1225 /*
1226 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1227 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1228 */
1229 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1230 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1231 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1232 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1233 
1234 /*
1235 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1236 **
1237 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1238 ** read into internal hash tables.
1239 **
1240 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1241 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1242 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1243 */
1244 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1245 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1246 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1247 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1248 
1249 /*
1250 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1251 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1252 */
1253 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1254 
1255 /*
1256 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1257 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1258 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1259 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1260 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1261 ** SQL statements.
1262 **
1263 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1264 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1265 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1266 ** objects.
1267 **
1268 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1269 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1270 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1271 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1272 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1273 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1274 */
1275 struct Lookaside {
1276   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1277   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1278   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1279   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1280   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1281   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1282   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1283   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1284   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1285 };
1286 struct LookasideSlot {
1287   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1288 };
1289 
1290 /*
1291 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1292 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1293 **
1294 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1295 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1296 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1297 */
1298 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1299 struct FuncDefHash {
1300   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1301 };
1302 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1303 
1304 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1305 /*
1306 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1307 ** to manage user authentication.
1308 */
1309 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1310 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1311   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1312   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1313   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1314   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1315 };
1316 
1317 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1318 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1319 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1320 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1321 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1322 
1323 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1324 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1325 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1326 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1327 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1328 
1329 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1330 
1331 /*
1332 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1333 */
1334 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1335   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1336                                const char*, const char*);
1337 #else
1338   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1339                                const char*);
1340 #endif
1341 
1342 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1343 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1344 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1345 */
1346 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1347 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1348 #else
1349 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1350 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1351 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1352 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1353 
1354 
1355 /*
1356 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1357 */
1358 struct sqlite3 {
1359   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1360   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1361   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1362   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1363   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1364   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1365   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1366   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1367   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1368   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1369   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1370   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1371   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1372   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1373   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1374   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1375   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1376   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1377   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1378   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1379   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1380   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1381   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1382   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1383   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1384   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1385   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1386   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1387   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1388   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1389   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1390   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1391   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1392   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1393   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1394   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1395     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1396     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1397     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1398     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1399     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1400     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1401     char **azInit;              /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1402   } init;
1403   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1404   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1405   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1406   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1407   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1408   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1409   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1410   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1411   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1412 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1413   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1414   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1415 #endif
1416   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1417   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1418   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1419   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1420   void *pUpdateArg;
1421   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1422   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1423 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1424   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1425   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1426     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1427   );
1428   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1429 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1430 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1431   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1432   void *pWalArg;
1433 #endif
1434   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1435   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1436   void *pCollNeededArg;
1437   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1438   union {
1439     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1440     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1441   } u1;
1442   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1443 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1444   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1445   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1446 #endif
1447 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1448   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1449   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1450   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1451 #endif
1452 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1453   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1454   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1455   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1456   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1457   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1458 #endif
1459   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1460   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1461   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1462   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1463   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1464   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1465   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1466   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1467   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1468   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1469   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1470 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1471   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1472   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1473   **
1474   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1475   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1476   **
1477   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1478   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1479   ** held by Y.
1480   */
1481   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1482   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1483   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1484   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1485   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1486 #endif
1487 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1488   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1489 #endif
1490 };
1491 
1492 /*
1493 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1494 */
1495 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1496 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1497 
1498 /*
1499 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1500 **
1501 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1502 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1503 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1504 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1505 */
1506 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1507 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1508 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1509 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1510 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1511 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1512 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1513 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1514                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1515                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1516 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1517                                           /*   result set is empty */
1518 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1519 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1520 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1521 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1522 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1523 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1524 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1525 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1526 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1527 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1528 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1529 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1530 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1531 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1532 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1533 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1534 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1535 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1536 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1537 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1538 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1539 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1540 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1541 
1542 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1543 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1544 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1545 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1546 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1547 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1548 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1549 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1550 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1551 #endif
1552 
1553 /*
1554 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1555 */
1556 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1557 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1558 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1559 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1560 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1561 
1562 /*
1563 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1564 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1565 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1566 */
1567 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1568 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x0002   /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1569 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1570 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1571 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1572 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
1573 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1574 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
1575 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1576 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
1577 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1578 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x0800   /* Use STAT4 data */
1579    /* TH3 expects the Stat4   ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
1580 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x1000   /* The push-down optimization */
1581 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x2000   /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1582 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x4000   /* Skip-scans */
1583 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x8000   /* The constant propagation opt */
1584 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1585 
1586 /*
1587 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1588 */
1589 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1590 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1591 
1592 /*
1593 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1594 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1595 */
1596 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1597 
1598 /*
1599 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1600 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1601 ** than being distinct from one another.
1602 */
1603 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1604 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1605 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1606 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1607 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1608 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1609 
1610 /*
1611 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1612 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1613 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1614 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1615 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1616 **
1617 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1618 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1619 */
1620 struct FuncDef {
1621   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1622   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1623   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1624   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1625   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1626   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1627   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1628   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1629   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1630   union {
1631     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1632     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1633   } u;
1634 };
1635 
1636 /*
1637 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1638 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1639 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1640 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1641 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1642 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1643 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1644 ** FuncDestructor.
1645 **
1646 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1647 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1648 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1649 */
1650 struct FuncDestructor {
1651   int nRef;
1652   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1653   void *pUserData;
1654 };
1655 
1656 /*
1657 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1658 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1659 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1660 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1661 **
1662 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1663 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1664 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1665 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1666 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1667 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT    ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1668 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1669 */
1670 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1671 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1672 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1673 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1674 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1675 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1676 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1677 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1678 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1679 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1680 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1681 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1682 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1683                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1684 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
1685 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1686 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1687 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1688 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1689 
1690 /*
1691 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1692 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1693 **
1694 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1695 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1696 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1697 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1698 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1699 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1700 **
1701 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1702 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1703 **
1704 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1705 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1706 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1707 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1708 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1709 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1710 **
1711 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1712 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1713 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1714 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1715 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1716 **
1717 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1718 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1719 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1720 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1721 **     FUNCTION().
1722 **
1723 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1724 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1725 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1726 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1727 **     FUNCTION().
1728 **
1729 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1730 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1731 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1732 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1733 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1734 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1735 **     parameter.
1736 */
1737 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1738   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1739    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1740 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1741   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1742    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1743 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1744   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1745    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1746 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1747   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1748    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1749 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1750   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1751    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1752 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1753   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1754    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1755 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1756   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1757    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1758 #define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue) \
1759   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1760    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,0,#zName, {0}}
1761 #define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
1762   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
1763    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xFinal,0,#zName, {0}}
1764 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1765   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1766    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1767 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1768   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1769    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1770 
1771 
1772 /*
1773 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1774 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1775 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1776 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1777 */
1778 struct Savepoint {
1779   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1780   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1781   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1782   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1783 };
1784 
1785 /*
1786 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1787 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1788 */
1789 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1790 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1791 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1792 
1793 
1794 /*
1795 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1796 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1797 ** hash table.
1798 */
1799 struct Module {
1800   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1801   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1802   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
1803   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1804   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1805   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1806 };
1807 
1808 /*
1809 ** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1810 ** of this structure.
1811 */
1812 struct Column {
1813   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1814   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value of this column */
1815   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1816   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1817   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1818   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1819   u8 colFlags;     /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1820 };
1821 
1822 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1823 */
1824 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY  0x0001    /* Column is part of the primary key */
1825 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN   0x0002    /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1826 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE  0x0004    /* Type name follows column name */
1827 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE   0x0008    /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
1828 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
1829 
1830 /*
1831 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1832 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1833 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1834 **
1835 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1836 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1837 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1838 */
1839 struct CollSeq {
1840   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1841   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1842   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1843   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1844   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1845 };
1846 
1847 /*
1848 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1849 */
1850 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1851 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1852 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1853 
1854 /*
1855 ** Column affinity types.
1856 **
1857 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1858 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1859 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1860 **
1861 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1862 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1863 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1864 **
1865 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1866 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1867 */
1868 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
1869 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
1870 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
1871 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
1872 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
1873 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
1874 
1875 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1876 
1877 /*
1878 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1879 ** affinity value.
1880 */
1881 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1882 
1883 /*
1884 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1885 ** changing the affinity.
1886 **
1887 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1888 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1889 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1890 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1891 */
1892 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
1893 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1894 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1895 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1896 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1897 
1898 /*
1899 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1900 ** the database schema.
1901 **
1902 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1903 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1904 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1905 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1906 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1907 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1908 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1909 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1910 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1911 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1912 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1913 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1914 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1915 **
1916 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1917 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1918 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1919 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1920 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1921 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1922 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1923 **
1924 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1925 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1926 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1927 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1928 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1929 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1930 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1931 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1932 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1933 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1934 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1935 **
1936 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1937 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1938 ** the first argument.
1939 */
1940 struct VTable {
1941   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1942   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1943   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1944   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1945   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1946   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1947   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1948 };
1949 
1950 /*
1951 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1952 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1953 */
1954 struct Table {
1955   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
1956   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
1957   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
1958   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
1959   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
1960   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
1961   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
1962                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
1963   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
1964   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
1965   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
1966   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
1967   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
1968   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
1969   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
1970 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
1971   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
1972 #endif
1973   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
1974 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
1975   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
1976 #endif
1977 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1978   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
1979   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
1980   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
1981 #endif
1982   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
1983   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
1984   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
1985 };
1986 
1987 /*
1988 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
1989 **
1990 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
1991 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
1992 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
1993 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
1994 ** special handling during INSERT processing.
1995 */
1996 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
1997 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
1998 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
1999 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2000 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2001 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0020    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2002 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0040    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2003 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0080    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2004 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
2005                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2006 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0200    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2007 #define TF_Shadow          0x0400    /* True for a shadow table */
2008 
2009 /*
2010 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2011 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2012 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2013 */
2014 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2015 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
2016 #else
2017 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2018 #endif
2019 
2020 /*
2021 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2022 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2023 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2024 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2025 */
2026 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2027 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2028 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2029 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2030 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2031 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2032 #else
2033 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2034 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2035 #endif
2036 
2037 
2038 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2039 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2040 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2041 
2042 /*
2043 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2044 **
2045 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2046 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2047 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2048 ** Consider this example:
2049 **
2050 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2051 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2052 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2053 **     );
2054 **
2055 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2056 ** Equivalent names:
2057 **
2058 **     from-table == child-table
2059 **       to-table == parent-table
2060 **
2061 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2062 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2063 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2064 **
2065 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2066 **
2067 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2068 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2069 */
2070 struct FKey {
2071   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2072   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2073   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2074   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2075   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2076   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2077   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2078   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2079   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2080   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2081   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2082     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2083     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2084   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2085 };
2086 
2087 /*
2088 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2089 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2090 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2091 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2092 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2093 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2094 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2095 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2096 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2097 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2098 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2099 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2100 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2101 **
2102 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2103 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2104 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2105 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2106 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2107 ** foreign key.
2108 **
2109 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2110 ** of action to take.
2111 */
2112 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2113 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2114 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2115 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2116 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2117 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2118 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2119 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2120 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2121 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2122 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2123 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2124 
2125 
2126 /*
2127 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2128 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2129 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2130 **
2131 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2132 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2133 ** for the rowid at the end.
2134 */
2135 struct KeyInfo {
2136   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2137   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2138   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2139   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2140   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2141   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2142   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2143 };
2144 
2145 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01
2146 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02
2147 
2148 /*
2149 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2150 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2151 **
2152 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2153 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2154 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2155 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2156 ** OP_Column opcode.
2157 **
2158 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2159 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2160 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2161 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2162 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2163 **
2164 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2165 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2166 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2167 ** is in DESC order.
2168 **
2169 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2170 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2171 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2172 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2173 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2174 ** find the first match.
2175 **
2176 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2177 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2178 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2179 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2180 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2181 ** b-tree.
2182 */
2183 struct UnpackedRecord {
2184   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2185   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2186   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2187   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2188   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2189   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2190   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2191   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2192 };
2193 
2194 
2195 /*
2196 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2197 ** instance of the following structure.
2198 **
2199 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2200 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2201 ** we have the following table and index:
2202 **
2203 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2204 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2205 **
2206 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2207 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2208 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2209 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2210 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2211 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2212 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2213 **
2214 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2215 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2216 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2217 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2218 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2219 ** element.
2220 **
2221 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2222 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2223 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2224 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2225 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2226 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2227 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2228 */
2229 struct Index {
2230   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2231   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2232   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2233   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2234   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2235   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2236   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2237   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2238   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2239   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2240   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2241   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2242   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2243   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2244   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2245   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2246   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2247   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2248   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2249   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2250   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2251   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2252   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2253   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2254   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2255 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2256   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2257   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2258   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2259   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2260   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2261   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2262 #endif
2263   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2264 };
2265 
2266 /*
2267 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2268 */
2269 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2270 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2271 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2272 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2273 
2274 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2275 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2276 
2277 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2278 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2279 
2280 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2281 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2282 */
2283 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2284 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2285 
2286 /*
2287 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2288 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2289 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2290 */
2291 struct IndexSample {
2292   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2293   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2294   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2295   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2296   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2297 };
2298 
2299 /*
2300 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2301 */
2302 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2303 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2304 
2305 /*
2306 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2307 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2308 **
2309 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2310 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2311 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2312 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2313 ** static string.
2314 */
2315 struct Token {
2316   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2317   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2318 };
2319 
2320 /*
2321 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2322 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2323 **
2324 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2325 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2326 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2327 ** code for that node.
2328 **
2329 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2330 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2331 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2332 */
2333 struct AggInfo {
2334   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2335                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2336   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2337                           ** than the source table */
2338   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2339   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2340   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2341   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2342   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2343   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2344     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2345     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2346     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2347     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2348     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2349     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2350   } *aCol;
2351   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2352   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2353                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2354                           ** aggregate functions */
2355   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2356     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2357     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2358     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2359     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2360   } *aFunc;
2361   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2362 };
2363 
2364 /*
2365 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2366 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2367 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2368 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2369 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2370 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2371 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2372 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2373 */
2374 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2375 typedef i16 ynVar;
2376 #else
2377 typedef int ynVar;
2378 #endif
2379 
2380 /*
2381 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2382 ** of this structure.
2383 **
2384 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2385 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2386 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2387 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2388 ** tree.
2389 **
2390 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2391 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2392 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2393 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2394 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2395 **
2396 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2397 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2398 **
2399 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2400 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2401 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2402 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2403 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2404 ** valid.
2405 **
2406 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2407 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2408 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2409 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2410 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2411 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2412 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2413 **
2414 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2415 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2416 ** number for that variable.
2417 **
2418 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2419 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2420 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2421 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2422 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2423 **
2424 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2425 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2426 ** corresponding table definition.
2427 **
2428 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2429 **
2430 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2431 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2432 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2433 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2434 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2435 **
2436 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2437 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2438 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2439 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2440 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2441 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2442 */
2443 struct Expr {
2444   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2445   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2446   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2447   union {
2448     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2449     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2450   } u;
2451 
2452   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2453   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2454   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2455   *********************************************************************/
2456 
2457   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2458   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2459   union {
2460     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2461     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2462   } x;
2463 
2464   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2465   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2466   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2467   *********************************************************************/
2468 
2469 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2470   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2471 #endif
2472   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2473                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2474                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2475                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2476                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2477   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2478                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2479                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2480   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2481   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2482   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2483                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2484                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
2485   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2486   union {
2487     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2488                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2489     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2490     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2491       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2492       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2493     } sub;
2494   } y;
2495 };
2496 
2497 /*
2498 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2499 ** Value restrictions:
2500 **
2501 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2502 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2503 */
2504 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2505 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2506 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2507 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2508 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2509 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2510 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2511 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2512 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2513 #define EP_Generic    0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
2514 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2515 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2516 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2517 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2518 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2519 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2520 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2521 #define EP_NoReduce   0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2522 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2523 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2524 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2525 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2526 #define EP_Alias      0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2527 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2528 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2529 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2530 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2531 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2532 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2533 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2534 #define EP_Indirect 0x40000000 /* Contained within a TRIGGER or a VIEW */
2535 
2536 /*
2537 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2538 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2539 */
2540 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2541 
2542 /*
2543 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2544 ** Expr.flags field.
2545 */
2546 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2547 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2548 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2549 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2550 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2551 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2552 
2553 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2554 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2555 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2556 */
2557 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2558 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2559 #else
2560 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2561 #endif
2562 
2563 /*
2564 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2565 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2566 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2567 */
2568 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2569 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2570 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2571 
2572 /*
2573 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2574 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2575 */
2576 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2577 
2578 /*
2579 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2580 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2581 */
2582 #define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2583     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2584 )
2585 
2586 /*
2587 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2588 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2589 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2590 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2591 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2592 ** field is not used.
2593 **
2594 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2595 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2596 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2597 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2598 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2599 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2600 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2601 */
2602 struct ExprList {
2603   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2604   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2605     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2606     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2607     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2608     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2609     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2610     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2611     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2612     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2613     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2614     union {
2615       struct {
2616         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2617         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2618       } x;
2619       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2620     } u;
2621   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2622 };
2623 
2624 /*
2625 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2626 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2627 **
2628 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2629 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2630 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2631 **
2632 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2633 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2634 **
2635 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2636 **
2637 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2638 */
2639 struct IdList {
2640   struct IdList_item {
2641     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2642     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2643   } *a;
2644   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2645 };
2646 
2647 /*
2648 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2649 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2650 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2651 **
2652 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2653 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2654 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2655 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2656 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2657 **
2658 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2659 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2660 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2661 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2662 **
2663 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2664 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2665 */
2666 struct SrcList {
2667   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2668   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2669   struct SrcList_item {
2670     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2671     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2672     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2673     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2674     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2675     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2676     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2677     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2678     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2679     struct {
2680       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2681       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2682       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2683       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2684       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2685       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2686       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2687     } fg;
2688     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2689     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2690     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2691     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2692     union {
2693       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2694       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2695     } u1;
2696     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2697   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2698 };
2699 
2700 /*
2701 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2702 */
2703 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2704 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2705 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2706 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2707 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2708 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2709 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2710 
2711 
2712 /*
2713 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2714 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2715 **
2716 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2717 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2718 */
2719 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2720 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2721 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2722 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2723 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2724 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2725 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2726                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2727 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2728 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2729 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2730 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2731 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2732 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2733 #define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
2734                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2735 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2736                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2737 
2738 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2739 */
2740 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2741 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2742 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2743 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2744 
2745 /*
2746 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2747 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2748 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2749 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2750 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2751 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2752 ** other statements.
2753 **
2754 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2755 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2756 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2757 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2758 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2759 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2760 **
2761 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2762 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2763 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2764 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2765 */
2766 struct NameContext {
2767   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2768   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2769   union {
2770     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2771     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2772     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
2773   } uNC;
2774   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2775   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2776   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2777   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2778   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
2779 };
2780 
2781 /*
2782 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2783 **
2784 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2785 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg    == EP_Agg
2786 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2787 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
2788 **
2789 */
2790 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2791 #define NC_PartIdx   0x0002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2792 #define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
2793 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2794 #define NC_HasAgg    0x0010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2795 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2796 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2797 #define NC_UEList    0x0080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
2798 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x0100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
2799 #define NC_UUpsert   0x0200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
2800 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2801 #define NC_Complex   0x2000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
2802 #define NC_AllowWin  0x4000  /* Window functions are allowed here */
2803 #define NC_HasWin    0x8000  /* One or more window functions seen */
2804 #define NC_IsDDL    0x10000  /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
2805 
2806 /*
2807 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
2808 ** clause in an upsert.
2809 **
2810 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
2811 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
2812 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
2813 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
2814 **
2815 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
2816 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
2817 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
2818 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
2819 */
2820 struct Upsert {
2821   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflicting index */
2822   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
2823   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2824   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2825   /* The fields above comprise the parse tree for the upsert clause.
2826   ** The fields below are used to transfer information from the INSERT
2827   ** processing down into the UPDATE processing while generating code.
2828   ** Upsert owns the memory allocated above, but not the memory below. */
2829   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* Constraint that pUpsertTarget identifies */
2830   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
2831   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
2832   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
2833   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
2834 };
2835 
2836 /*
2837 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2838 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2839 **
2840 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
2841 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
2842 **
2843 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2844 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2845 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2846 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2847 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2848 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2849 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2850 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2851 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2852 */
2853 struct Select {
2854   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2855   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2856   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2857   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2858   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2859   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
2860   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2861   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2862   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2863   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2864   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2865   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2866   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2867   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2868   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2869   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2870 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2871   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
2872   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
2873 #endif
2874 };
2875 
2876 /*
2877 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2878 ** "Select Flag".
2879 **
2880 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2881 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2882 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2883 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2884 */
2885 #define SF_Distinct       0x00001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2886 #define SF_All            0x00002  /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2887 #define SF_Resolved       0x00004  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2888 #define SF_Aggregate      0x00008  /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2889 #define SF_HasAgg         0x00010  /* Contains aggregate functions */
2890 #define SF_UsesEphemeral  0x00020  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2891 #define SF_Expanded       0x00040  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2892 #define SF_HasTypeInfo    0x00080  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2893 #define SF_Compound       0x00100  /* Part of a compound query */
2894 #define SF_Values         0x00200  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2895 #define SF_MultiValue     0x00400  /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2896 #define SF_NestedFrom     0x00800  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2897 #define SF_MinMaxAgg      0x01000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2898 #define SF_Recursive      0x02000  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2899 #define SF_FixedLimit     0x04000  /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2900 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2901 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2902 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
2903 #define SF_ComplexResult  0x40000  /* Result contains subquery or function */
2904 #define SF_WhereBegin     0x80000  /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
2905 
2906 /*
2907 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2908 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2909 ** Type".
2910 **
2911 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2912 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2913 **
2914 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2915 **
2916 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2917 **                     set is not empty.
2918 **
2919 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2920 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2921 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2922 **
2923 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2924 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2925 **
2926 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2927 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2928 **
2929 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2930 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
2931 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
2932 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
2933 **
2934 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
2935 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
2936 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
2937 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
2938 **
2939 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
2940 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
2941 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
2942 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
2943 **                     the table first.
2944 **
2945 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
2946 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
2947 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
2948 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
2949 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
2950 **
2951 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2952 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
2953 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
2954 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
2955 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
2956 **
2957 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
2958 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
2959 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
2960 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
2961 **
2962 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
2963 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
2964 **                     are distinct.
2965 **
2966 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
2967 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
2968 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
2969 */
2970 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
2971 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
2972 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
2973 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
2974 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2975 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
2976 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
2977 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
2978 
2979 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
2980 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
2981 
2982 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
2983 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
2984 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
2985 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
2986 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
2987 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
2988 
2989 /*
2990 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
2991 ** a SELECT statement.
2992 */
2993 struct SelectDest {
2994   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
2995   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
2996   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
2997   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
2998   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
2999   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3000 };
3001 
3002 /*
3003 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3004 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3005 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3006 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3007 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3008 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3009 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3010 */
3011 struct AutoincInfo {
3012   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3013   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3014   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3015   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3016 };
3017 
3018 /*
3019 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3020 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3021 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3022 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3023 ** completed.
3024 **
3025 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3026 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3027 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3028 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3029 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3030 **
3031 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3032 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3033 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3034 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3035 */
3036 struct TriggerPrg {
3037   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3038   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3039   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3040   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3041   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3042 };
3043 
3044 /*
3045 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3046 */
3047 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3048   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3049 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3050 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3051 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3052 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3053 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3054 #else
3055   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3056 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3057 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3058 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3059 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3060 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3061 #endif
3062 
3063 /*
3064 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3065 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3066 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3067 **
3068 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3069 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3070 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3071 ** each recursion.
3072 **
3073 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3074 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3075 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3076 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3077 ** list.
3078 */
3079 struct Parse {
3080   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3081   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3082   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3083   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3084   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3085   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3086   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3087   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3088   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3089   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3090   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3091   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3092   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3093   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3094   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3095   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3096   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3097   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3098   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3099   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3100   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3101                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3102   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3103   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3104   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3105   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3106   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3107   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3108   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3109   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3110   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3111   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3112   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3113 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3114   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3115   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3116 #endif
3117   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3118   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3119   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3120   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3121   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
3122   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3123   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3124   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3125   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3126   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3127   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3128 
3129   /**************************************************************************
3130   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3131   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3132   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3133   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3134   **************************************************************************/
3135 
3136   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3137   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3138 
3139   /************************************************************************
3140   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3141   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3142   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3143   ** first field in the recursive region.
3144   ************************************************************************/
3145 
3146   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3147   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3148   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3149   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3150 #if !(defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE))
3151   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3152 #endif
3153 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3154   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3155 #endif
3156   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3157 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3158   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3159 #endif
3160   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3161   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3162   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3163   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3164   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3165                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3166                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3167   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3168   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3169 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3170   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3171   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3172 #endif
3173   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3174   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3175   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3176   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3177 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3178   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3179 #endif
3180 };
3181 
3182 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3183 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3184 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME_COLUMN 2
3185 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME_TABLE  3
3186 
3187 /*
3188 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3189 */
3190 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3191 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3192 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3193 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3194 
3195 /*
3196 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3197 */
3198 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3199   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3200 #else
3201   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3202 #endif
3203 
3204 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3205   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3206 #else
3207   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME_COLUMN)
3208 #endif
3209 
3210 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3211   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3212 #else
3213   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3214 #endif
3215 
3216 /*
3217 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3218 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3219 */
3220 struct AuthContext {
3221   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3222   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3223 };
3224 
3225 /*
3226 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3227 **
3228 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3229 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3230 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3231 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3232 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3233 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3234 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3235 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3236 */
3237 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3238                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3239 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3240 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3241 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3242 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3243 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3244 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3245 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3246 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3247 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3248 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3249 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3250 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3251 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3252 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3253 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3254 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3255 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3256 
3257 /*
3258  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3259  * struct Trigger.
3260  *
3261  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3262  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3263  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3264  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3265  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3266  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3267  *    struct Table.
3268  *
3269  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3270  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3271  */
3272 struct Trigger {
3273   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3274   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3275   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3276   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3277   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3278   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3279                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3280   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3281   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3282   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3283   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3284 };
3285 
3286 /*
3287 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3288 ** determine which.
3289 **
3290 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3291 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3292 */
3293 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3294 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3295 
3296 /*
3297  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3298  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3299  *
3300  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3301  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3302  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3303  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3304  *
3305  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3306  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3307  * value of "op" as follows:
3308  *
3309  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3310  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3311  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3312  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3313  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3314  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3315  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3316  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3317  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3318  *              inserted into.
3319  *
3320  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3321  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3322  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3323  *              Otherwise NULL.
3324  *
3325  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3326  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3327  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3328  *              Otherwise NULL.
3329  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3330  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3331  *              argument.
3332  *
3333  */
3334 struct TriggerStep {
3335   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3336   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3337   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3338   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3339   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3340   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3341   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE */
3342   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3343   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3344   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3345   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3346   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3347 };
3348 
3349 /*
3350 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3351 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3352 ** explicit.
3353 */
3354 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3355 struct DbFixer {
3356   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3357   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3358   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3359   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3360   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3361   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3362 };
3363 
3364 /*
3365 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3366 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3367 */
3368 struct sqlite3_str {
3369   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3370   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3371   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3372   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3373   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3374   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3375   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3376 };
3377 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3378 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3379 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3380 
3381 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3382 
3383 
3384 /*
3385 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3386 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3387 */
3388 typedef struct {
3389   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3390   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3391   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3392   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3393   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3394   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3395 } InitData;
3396 
3397 /*
3398 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3399 */
3400 #define INITFLAG_AlterTable   0x0001  /* This is a reparse after ALTER TABLE */
3401 
3402 /*
3403 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3404 **
3405 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3406 */
3407 struct Sqlite3Config {
3408   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3409   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3410   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3411   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3412   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3413   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3414   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3415   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3416   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3417   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3418   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3419   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3420   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3421   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3422   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3423   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3424   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3425   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3426   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3427   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3428   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3429   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3430   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3431   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3432   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3433   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3434   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3435   ** initially be zero, however. */
3436   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3437   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3438   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3439   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3440   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3441   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3442   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3443   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3444   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3445 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3446   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3447   void *pSqllogArg;
3448 #endif
3449 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3450   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3451   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3452   */
3453   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3454   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3455 #endif
3456 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
3457   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3458 #endif
3459 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3460   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3461 #endif
3462   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3463   int bInternalFunctions;           /* Internal SQL functions are visible */
3464   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3465   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3466   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3467 };
3468 
3469 /*
3470 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3471 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3472 **
3473 **     assert( X );
3474 **
3475 ** One writes:
3476 **
3477 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3478 **
3479 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3480 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3481 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3482 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3483 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3484 */
3485 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3486 
3487 /*
3488 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3489 */
3490 struct Walker {
3491   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3492   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3493   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3494   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3495   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3496   u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
3497   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3498     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3499     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3500     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3501     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3502     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3503     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3504     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3505     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3506     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3507     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3508     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3509     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3510     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3511     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3512   } u;
3513 };
3514 
3515 /* Forward declarations */
3516 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3517 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3518 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3519 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3520 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3521 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3522 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3523 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3524 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3525 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3526 #endif
3527 
3528 /*
3529 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3530 ** callbacks.
3531 */
3532 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3533 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3534 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3535 
3536 /*
3537 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3538 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3539 */
3540 struct With {
3541   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3542   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3543   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3544     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3545     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3546     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3547     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3548   } a[1];
3549 };
3550 
3551 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3552 /*
3553 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3554 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3555 */
3556 struct TreeView {
3557   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3558   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3559 };
3560 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3561 
3562 /*
3563 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
3564 ** functions.
3565 **
3566 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
3567 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
3568 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
3569 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
3570 **
3571 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
3572 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
3573 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
3574 **
3575 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
3576 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
3577 **
3578 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
3579 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
3580 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
3581 **
3582 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
3583 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
3584 */
3585 struct Window {
3586   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
3587   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
3588   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
3589   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
3590   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
3591   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3592   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3593   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
3594   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
3595   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
3596   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
3597   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
3598   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
3599   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
3600   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
3601   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
3602   int regAccum;
3603   int regResult;
3604   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
3605   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
3606   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
3607   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
3608   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
3609   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
3610   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
3611   int regStartRowid;
3612   int regEndRowid;
3613 };
3614 
3615 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3616 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
3617 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
3618 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3619 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
3620 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
3621 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
3622 int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*, int);
3623 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Window*);
3624 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
3625 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
3626 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*);
3627 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
3628 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
3629 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3630 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
3631 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
3632 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
3633 #else
3634 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
3635 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
3636 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
3637 #endif
3638 
3639 /*
3640 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3641 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3642 */
3643 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3644   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3645     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3646   }                                                    \
3647 }
3648 
3649 /*
3650 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3651 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3652 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3653 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3654 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3655 */
3656 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
3657 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3658 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3659 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3660 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3661 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3662 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3663 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3664   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3665   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3666   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
3667 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3668 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3669 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
3670 #else
3671 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3672 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3673 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3674 #endif
3675 
3676 /*
3677 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3678 */
3679 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3680 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3681 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3682 #endif
3683 
3684 /*
3685 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3686 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3687 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3688 */
3689 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3690 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3691 #endif
3692 
3693 /*
3694 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3695 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3696 */
3697 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3698     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3699 # include <ctype.h>
3700 #endif
3701 
3702 /*
3703 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3704 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3705 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3706 */
3707 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3708 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3709 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3710 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3711 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3712 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3713 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3714 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3715 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3716 #else
3717 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3718 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3719 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3720 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3721 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3722 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3723 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3724 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3725 #endif
3726 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3727 
3728 /*
3729 ** Internal function prototypes
3730 */
3731 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3732 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3733 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
3734 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3735 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3736 
3737 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3738 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3739 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3740 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3741 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3742 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3743 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3744 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3745 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3746 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
3747 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3748 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3749 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3750 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3751 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
3752 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3753 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3754 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3755 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3756 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3757 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3758 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3759 #endif
3760 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3761 
3762 /*
3763 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3764 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3765 ** obtain space from malloc().
3766 **
3767 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3768 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3769 */
3770 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3771 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3772 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3773 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3774 #else
3775 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3776 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3777 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3778 #endif
3779 
3780 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3781 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3782 */
3783 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3784 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3785 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3786 #endif
3787 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3788 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3789 #endif
3790 
3791 
3792 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3793   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3794   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3795   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3796   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3797   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3798 #endif
3799 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3800   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3801 #else
3802 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3803 #endif
3804 
3805 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3806 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3807 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3808 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3809 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
3810 
3811 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3812 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3813 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3814 
3815 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
3816 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
3817 #else
3818 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
3819 #endif
3820 
3821 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3822 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
3823 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
3824 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
3825   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3826 #else
3827 # define IsNaN(X)         0
3828 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3829 #endif
3830 
3831 /*
3832 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3833 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3834 */
3835 struct PrintfArguments {
3836   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3837   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3838   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3839 };
3840 
3841 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3842 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3843 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3844   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3845 #endif
3846 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3847   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3848 #endif
3849 
3850 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3851   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3852   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
3853   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3854   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
3855   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3856   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3857 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3858   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
3859   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
3860 #endif
3861 #endif
3862 
3863 
3864 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3865 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3866 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
3867 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3868 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
3869 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3870 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3871 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3872 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3873 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3874 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3875 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3876 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3877 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3878 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3879 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3880 #endif
3881 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3882 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3883 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3884 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
3885 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3886 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
3887 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
3888 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*, int);
3889 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
3890 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3891 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
3892 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3893 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
3894 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
3895 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3896 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
3897 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3898 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3899 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
3900 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3901 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3902 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
3903 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3904 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3905 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
3906 #endif
3907 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3908 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3909 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3910 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3911 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3912 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3913 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
3914 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
3915 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3916 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3917 i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
3918 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3919 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3920   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
3921 #else
3922 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
3923 #endif
3924 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
3925 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
3926 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
3927 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
3928 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
3929 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
3930 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
3931 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
3932                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
3933 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
3934   int sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
3935 #else
3936 # define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
3937 #endif
3938 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
3939 
3940 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3941 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
3942 #else
3943   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
3944 #endif
3945 
3946 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
3947 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
3948 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
3949 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
3950 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
3951 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
3952 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
3953 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3954 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
3955 #endif
3956 
3957 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
3958 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
3959 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
3960 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
3961 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
3962 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
3963 
3964 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
3965 
3966 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3967   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
3968 #else
3969 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
3970 #endif
3971 
3972 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3973   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
3974 #endif
3975 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3976 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
3977 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
3978 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
3979 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
3980   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
3981   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
3982 #else
3983 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
3984 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
3985 #endif
3986 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
3987 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
3988 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
3989 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
3990 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
3991 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
3992 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
3993                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
3994 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
3995 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
3996 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
3997 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
3998 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
3999 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4000 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4001 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4002 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4003                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4004 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4005 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4006 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4007                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4008 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4009 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4010 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4011 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4012 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4013 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4014 #endif
4015 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4016 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4017                    Upsert*);
4018 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
4019 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4020 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4021 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4022 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4023 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4024 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4025 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4026 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4027 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4028 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4029 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4030 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4031 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4032 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4033 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4034 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4035 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4036 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4037 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4038 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4039 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4040 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4041 void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4042 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4043 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4044 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4045 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4046 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4047 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4048 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4049 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4050 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4051 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4052 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4053 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4054 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
4055 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4056 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4057 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4058 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4059 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4060 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
4061 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4062 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
4063 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
4064 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4065 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4066 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4067 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4068 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4069 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4070 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4071 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4072 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4073 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4074 #endif
4075 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4076 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4077 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4078 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4079 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4080 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4081 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4082 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4083 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4084 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4085 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4086 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4087 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4088 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4089 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4090 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4091 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4092 #endif
4093 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
4094 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4095 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4096 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4097 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4098     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4099 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4100 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4101 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4102 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4103 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4104                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4105 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4106   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4107 #else
4108 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4109 #endif
4110 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4111 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4112 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4113 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4114 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4115 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4116 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4117 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4118 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
4119 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
4120 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
4121 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
4122 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
4123 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4124 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4125 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4126 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4127 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4128 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4129 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4130 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4131 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4132 
4133 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4134 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4135 #endif
4136 
4137 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4138   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4139                            Expr*,int, int);
4140   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4141   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4142   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4143   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4144   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4145   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4146                             int, int, int);
4147   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4148   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4149   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4150   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4151                                         const char*,const char*);
4152   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4153                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4154                                         const char*,const char*);
4155   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
4156                                         const char*,const char*);
4157   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4158                                         const char*,const char*);
4159   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4160   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4161   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4162 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4163 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4164 #else
4165 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4166 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4167 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4168 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4169 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4170 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4171 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4172 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4173 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4174 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4175 #endif
4176 
4177 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4178 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4179 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4180 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4181   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4182   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4183   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4184   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4185   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4186 #else
4187 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4188 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4189 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4190 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4191 #endif
4192 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4193 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4194 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4195 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4196 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4197 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4198 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
4199 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4200 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4201 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4202 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4203 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4204 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4205 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4206 #endif
4207 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4208 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4209 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4210 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4211 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4212 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4213 #endif
4214 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4215     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
4216     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4217 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4218 #endif
4219 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4220 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4221 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4222 
4223 /*
4224 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4225 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4226 ** file.
4227 */
4228 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4229 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4230 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4231 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4232 
4233 /*
4234 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4235 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4236 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4237 */
4238 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4239   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4240 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4241   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4242   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4243 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4244 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4245 
4246 
4247 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4248 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4249 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4250 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4251 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4252 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
4253 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4254 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4255 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4256 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4257 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4258 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4259 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4260 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4261 
4262 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4263 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4264 #endif
4265 
4266 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
4267 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4268 #endif
4269 
4270 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4271 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4272 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4273 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4274 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4275 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4276 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4277 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
4278 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4279 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4280 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4281 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4282 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4283 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4284 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
4285 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4286 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4287 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4288 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4289 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4290 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4291 #else
4292 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4293 #endif
4294 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4295 
4296 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4297 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4298 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4299                         void(*)(void*));
4300 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4301 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4302 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4303 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4304 #endif
4305 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4306 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4307 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4308 #endif
4309 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4310 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4311 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4312 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4313 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4314 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4315 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4316 extern const Token sqlite3IntTokens[];
4317 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4318 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4319 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4320 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4321 #endif
4322 #endif
4323 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4324 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4325 #endif
4326 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
4327 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4328 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4329 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4330 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4331 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4332 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4333 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4334 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4335 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4336 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4337 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4338 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4339 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4340 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4341 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4342 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4343 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4344 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4345 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4346 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4347 void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, void*, Token*);
4348 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, void *pTo, void *pFrom);
4349 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4350 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4351 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4352 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4353 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4354 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*, sqlite3_file*);
4355 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4356 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4357 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4358 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4359 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4360 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4361 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4362 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4363 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4364 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4365 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4366 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4367 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4368 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4369 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4370 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4371 
4372 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4373 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4374 #endif
4375 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4376   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4377   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4378   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4379   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4380   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4381   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4382 );
4383 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4384 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4385 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4386 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4387 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4388 
4389 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4390 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4391 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4392 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4393 
4394 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4395 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4396 
4397 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4398 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4399 #else
4400 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4401 #endif
4402 
4403 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
4404 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4405     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4406 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4407 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4408 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4409 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4410 #endif
4411 
4412 /*
4413 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4414 */
4415 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4416   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4417   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4418 #endif
4419 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4420 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4421 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4422   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4423 #endif
4424 
4425 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4426 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4427   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4428 #else
4429 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4430 #endif
4431 
4432 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4433   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4434 #else
4435   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4436 #endif
4437 
4438 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4439   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4440 #endif
4441 
4442 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4443 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4444 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4445 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4446 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4447 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4448 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4449 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4450 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
4451 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4452 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4453 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4454 #else
4455    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4456    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4457    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4458    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4459    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4460    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4461    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4462    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
4463    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4464    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4465    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4466    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4467    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4468      sqlite3*,
4469      const char*,
4470      const sqlite3_module*,
4471      void*,
4472      void(*)(void*)
4473    );
4474 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4475 #endif
4476 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4477 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4478 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4479 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4480 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4481 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4482 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4483 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4484 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4485 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4486 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4487 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4488 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4489 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4490 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4491 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4492 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4493 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
4494 #endif
4495 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4496 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4497 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4498 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4499 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4500 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4501   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4502   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4503 #endif
4504 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4505   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4506   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4507   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4508 #else
4509 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4510 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4511 #endif
4512 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
4513   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4514   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4515   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4516   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
4517   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
4518 #else
4519 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
4520 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
4521 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)       ((Upsert*)0)
4522 #endif
4523 
4524 
4525 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4526 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4527 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4528 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4529 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4530 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4531 */
4532 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4533   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4534   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4535   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4536   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4537   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4538   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4539 #else
4540   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4541   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4542   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4543   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4544   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4545   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4546 #endif
4547 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4548   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4549   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4550 #else
4551   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4552   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4553 #endif
4554 
4555 
4556 /*
4557 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4558 */
4559 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4560 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4561 
4562 /*
4563 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4564 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4565 ** is not defined.
4566 */
4567 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4568   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4569   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4570 #else
4571   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4572   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4573 #endif
4574 
4575 /*
4576 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4577 */
4578 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4579 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4580 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4581 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4582 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4583 /*
4584 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4585 */
4586 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4587 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4588 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4589 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
4590 
4591 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4592 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4593 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
4594  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
4595   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4596 #endif
4597 
4598 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4599 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4600 
4601 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4602 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4603   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4604   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4605 #else
4606   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4607   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4608 #endif
4609 
4610 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4611 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4612 
4613 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4614   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4615   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4616   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4617 #else
4618   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4619   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4620   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4621 #endif
4622 
4623 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4624   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4625 #endif
4626 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
4627   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
4628 #endif
4629 
4630 /*
4631 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4632 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4633 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4634 */
4635 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4636 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4637   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4638 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4639 #else
4640 # define IOTRACE(A)
4641 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4642 #endif
4643 
4644 /*
4645 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4646 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4647 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4648 **
4649 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4650 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4651 ** a single bit set.
4652 **
4653 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4654 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4655 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4656 **
4657 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4658 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4659 **
4660 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4661 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4662 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4663 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4664 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4665 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4666 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4667 ** this constraint.
4668 **
4669 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4670 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4671 */
4672 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4673   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4674   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4675   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4676 #else
4677 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4678 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4679 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4680 #endif
4681 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4682 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4683 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
4684 
4685 /*
4686 ** Threading interface
4687 */
4688 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4689 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4690 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4691 #endif
4692 
4693 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4694 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
4695 #endif
4696 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4697 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4698 #endif
4699 
4700 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4701 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4702 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4703 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4704 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4705 
4706 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
4707 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
4708 #endif
4709 
4710 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4711