xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 33cf1942)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /*
123 ** Some C99 functions in "math.h" are only present for MSVC when its version
124 ** is associated with Visual Studio 2013 or higher.
125 */
126 #ifndef SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS
127 # if MSVC_VERSION==0 || MSVC_VERSION>=1800
128 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (1)
129 # else
130 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (0)
131 # endif
132 #endif
133 
134 /* Needed for various definitions... */
135 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
136 # define _GNU_SOURCE
137 #endif
138 
139 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
140 # define _BSD_SOURCE
141 #endif
142 
143 /*
144 ** Macro to disable warnings about missing "break" at the end of a "case".
145 */
146 #if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
147 # define deliberate_fall_through __attribute__((fallthrough));
148 #else
149 # define deliberate_fall_through
150 #endif
151 
152 /*
153 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
154 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
155 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
156 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
157 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
158 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
159 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
160 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
161 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
162 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
163 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
164 ** disabled.
165 */
166 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
167 # include "mingw.h"
168 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
169 # include "_mingw.h"
170 #endif
171 
172 /*
173 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
174 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
175 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
176 */
177 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
178     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
179     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
180     defined(__MSVCRT__)
181 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
182 #endif
183 
184 /* Optionally #include a user-defined header, whereby compilation options
185 ** may be set prior to where they take effect, but after platform setup.
186 ** If SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE=? is defined, its value names the #include
187 ** file.
188 */
189 #ifdef SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE
190 # define INC_STRINGIFY_(f) #f
191 # define INC_STRINGIFY(f) INC_STRINGIFY_(f)
192 # include INC_STRINGIFY(SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE)
193 #endif
194 
195 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
196 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
197 ** MinGW.
198 */
199 #include "sqlite3.h"
200 
201 /*
202 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
203 ** autoconf-based build
204 */
205 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
206 #include "config.h"
207 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
208 #endif
209 
210 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
211 
212 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
213 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
214 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
215 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
216 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
217 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
218 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
219 #endif
220 
221 /*
222 ** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
223 ** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
224 */
225 #ifndef __has_extension
226 # define __has_extension(x) 0     /* compatibility with non-clang compilers */
227 #endif
228 #if GCC_VERSION>=4007000 || __has_extension(c_atomic)
229 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 1
230 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
231 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
232 #else
233 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 0
234 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
235 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
236 #endif
237 
238 /*
239 ** Include standard header files as necessary
240 */
241 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
242 #include <stdint.h>
243 #endif
244 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
245 #include <inttypes.h>
246 #endif
247 
248 /*
249 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
250 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
251 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
252 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
253 **
254 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
255 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
256 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
257 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
258 **
259 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
260 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
261 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
262 ** compiler.
263 */
264 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
265 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
266 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
267 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
268 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
269 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
270 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
271 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
272 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
273 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
274 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
275 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
276 #endif
277 
278 /*
279 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
280 ** inlined.
281 */
282 #if defined(__GNUC__)
283 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
284 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
285 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
286 #else
287 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
288 #endif
289 
290 /*
291 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
292 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
293 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
294 */
295 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
296 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
297 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
298 #      include <intrin.h>
299 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
300 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
301 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
302 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
303 #    else
304 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
305 #    endif
306 #  endif
307 #endif
308 
309 /*
310 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
311 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
312 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
313 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
314 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
315 ** database connection at the same time.
316 **
317 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
318 ** We support that for legacy.
319 **
320 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
321 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
322 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
323 ** also be updated there.
324 */
325 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
326 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
327 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
328 # else
329 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
330 # endif
331 #endif
332 
333 /*
334 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
335 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
336 */
337 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
338 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
339 #endif
340 
341 /*
342 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
343 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
344 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
345 */
346 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
347 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
348 #endif
349 
350 /*
351 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
352 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
353 **
354 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
355 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
356 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
357 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
358 **
359 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
360 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
361 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
362 ** assertion will be triggered.
363 **
364 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
365 ** the default.
366 */
367 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
368   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
369   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
370   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
371 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
372  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
373  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
374  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
375 #endif
376 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
377   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
378   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
379   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
380 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
381 #endif
382 
383 /*
384 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
385 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
386 */
387 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
388 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
389 #endif
390 
391 /*
392 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
393 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
394 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
395 ** it.
396 */
397 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
398 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
399 #endif
400 
401 /*
402 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
403 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
404 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
405 **
406 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
407 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
408 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
409 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
410 ** feature.
411 */
412 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
413 # define NDEBUG 1
414 #endif
415 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
416 # undef NDEBUG
417 #endif
418 
419 /*
420 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
421 */
422 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
423 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
424 #endif
425 
426 /*
427 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
428 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
429 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
430 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
431 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
432 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
433 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
434 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
435 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
436 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
437 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
438 **
439 */
440 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
441   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
442 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
443 #else
444 # define testcase(X)
445 #endif
446 
447 /*
448 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
449 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
450 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
451 */
452 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
453 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
454 #else
455 # define TESTONLY(X)
456 #endif
457 
458 /*
459 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
460 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
461 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
462 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
463 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
464 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
465 */
466 #ifndef NDEBUG
467 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
468 #else
469 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
470 #endif
471 
472 /*
473 ** Disable ALWAYS() and NEVER() (make them pass-throughs) for coverage
474 ** and mutation testing
475 */
476 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
477 # define SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS  1
478 #endif
479 
480 /*
481 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
482 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
483 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
484 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
485 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
486 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
487 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
488 **
489 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
490 **
491 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
492 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
493 ** not be counted as untested code.
494 */
495 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS)
496 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
497 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
498 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
499 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
500 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
501 #else
502 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
503 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
504 #endif
505 
506 /*
507 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
508 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
509 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
510 **
511 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
512 */
513 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
514 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
515 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
516 #else
517 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
518 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
519 #endif
520 
521 /*
522 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
523 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
524 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
525 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
526 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
527 */
528 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
529 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
530 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
531 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
532 #else
533 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
534 #endif
535 
536 /*
537 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
538 */
539 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
540     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
541   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
542 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
543 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
544 #else
545 # define OSTRACE(X)
546 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
547 #endif
548 
549 /*
550 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
551 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
552 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
553 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
554 */
555 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
556     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
557 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
558 #else
559 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
560 #endif
561 
562 /*
563 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
564 */
565 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
566 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
567 #endif
568 
569 /*
570 ** SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE implies SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
571 */
572 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
573 # define SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
574 #endif
575 
576 /*
577 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
578 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
579 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
580 */
581 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
582 
583 /*
584 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
585 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
586 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
587 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
588 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
589 */
590 #define likely(X)    (X)
591 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
592 
593 #include "hash.h"
594 #include "parse.h"
595 #include <stdio.h>
596 #include <stdlib.h>
597 #include <string.h>
598 #include <assert.h>
599 #include <stddef.h>
600 
601 /*
602 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
603 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
604 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
605 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
606 ** hack only.
607 */
608 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
609 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
610                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
611 #endif
612 
613 /*
614 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
615 ** substitute integer for floating-point
616 */
617 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
618 # define double sqlite_int64
619 # define float sqlite_int64
620 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
621 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
622 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
623 # endif
624 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
625 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
626 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
627 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
628 #endif
629 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
630 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
631 #endif
632 
633 /*
634 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
635 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
636 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
637 */
638 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
639 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
640 #else
641 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
642 #endif
643 
644 /*
645 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
646 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
647 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
648 ** that the library can read.
649 */
650 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
651 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
652 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
653 #endif
654 
655 /*
656 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
657 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
658 */
659 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
660 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
661 #endif
662 
663 /*
664 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
665 ** on the command-line
666 */
667 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
668 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
669 #endif
670 
671 /*
672 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
673 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
674 ** to zero.
675 */
676 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
677 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
678 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
679 #endif
680 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
681 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
682 #endif
683 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
684 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
685 #endif
686 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
687 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
688 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
689 #endif
690 
691 /*
692 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
693 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
694 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
695 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
696 **
697 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
698 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
699 */
700 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
701 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
702 #endif
703 
704 /*
705 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
706 */
707 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
708 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
709 #endif
710 
711 /*
712 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
713 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
714 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
715 */
716 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
717 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
718 #endif
719 
720 /*
721 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
722 ** ourselves.
723 */
724 #ifndef offsetof
725 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
726 #endif
727 
728 /*
729 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
730 */
731 #ifndef MIN
732 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
733 #endif
734 #ifndef MAX
735 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
736 #endif
737 
738 /*
739 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
740 */
741 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
742 
743 /*
744 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
745 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
746 */
747 #if 'A' == '\301'
748 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
749 #else
750 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
751 #endif
752 
753 /*
754 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
755 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
756 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
757 **
758 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
759 */
760 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
761 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
762 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
763 # else
764 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
765 # endif
766 #endif
767 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
768 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
769 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
770 # else
771 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
772 # endif
773 #endif
774 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
775 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
776 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
777 # else
778 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
779 # endif
780 #endif
781 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
782 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
783 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
784 # else
785 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
786 # endif
787 #endif
788 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
789 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
790 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
791 # else
792 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
793 # endif
794 #endif
795 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
796 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
797 #endif
798 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
799 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
800 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
801 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
802 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
803 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
804 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
805 
806 /*
807 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
808 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
809 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
810 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
811 */
812 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
813 
814 /*
815 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
816 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
817 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
818 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
819 */
820 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
821  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
822 #else
823  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
824 #endif
825 
826 /*
827 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
828 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
829 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
830 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
831 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
832 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
833 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
834 **
835 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
836 **
837 ** Examples:
838 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
839 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
840 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
841 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
842 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
843 **
844 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
845 ** Examples:
846 **
847 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
848 */
849 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
850 
851 /*
852 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
853 */
854 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
855 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
856 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
857 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
858        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
859       (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__POWERPC__)) ||                     \
860       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
861 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
862 # else
863 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
864 # endif
865 #endif
866 
867 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
868 */
869 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
870   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
871 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
872   typedef u32 uptr;
873 #else
874   typedef u64 uptr;
875 #endif
876 
877 /*
878 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
879 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
880 **
881 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
882 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
883 ** contained within the buffer S.
884 */
885 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
886 
887 
888 /*
889 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
890 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
891 **
892 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
893 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
894 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
895 ** at run-time.
896 */
897 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
898 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
899      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
900      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
901      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
902 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
903 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
904        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
905 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
906 # else
907 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
908 # endif
909 #endif
910 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
911 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
912 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
913 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
914 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
915 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
916 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
917 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
918 #else
919 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
920   const int sqlite3one = 1;
921 # else
922   extern const int sqlite3one;
923 # endif
924 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
925 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
926 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
927 #endif
928 
929 /*
930 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
931 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
932 ** compilers.
933 */
934 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
935 #define LARGEST_UINT64 (0xffffffff|(((u64)0xffffffff)<<32))
936 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
937 
938 /*
939 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
940 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
941 */
942 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
943 
944 /*
945 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
946 */
947 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
948 
949 /*
950 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
951 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
952 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
953 **
954 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
955 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
956 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
957 */
958 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
959 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
960 #else
961 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
962 #endif
963 
964 /*
965 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
966 */
967 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
968 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
969 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
970 #endif
971 
972 /*
973 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
974 */
975 #ifdef __APPLE__
976 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
977 #endif
978 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
979 # if defined(__linux__) \
980   || defined(_WIN32) \
981   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
982   || defined(__sun) \
983   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
984   || defined(__DragonFly__)
985 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
986 # else
987 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
988 # endif
989 #endif
990 
991 /*
992 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
993 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
994 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
995 */
996 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
997 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
998 #endif
999 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1000 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1001 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1002 #endif
1003 
1004 /*
1005 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
1006 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
1007 */
1008 #if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
1009 extern u32 sqlite3SelectTrace;
1010 #endif
1011 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1012     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE))
1013 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
1014 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
1015   if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
1016     sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
1017     sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1018 #else
1019 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
1020 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
1021 #endif
1022 
1023 /*
1024 ** Macros for "wheretrace"
1025 */
1026 extern u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
1027 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1028     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
1029 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1030 # define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
1031 #else
1032 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)
1033 #endif
1034 
1035 
1036 /*
1037 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
1038 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
1039 **
1040 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
1041 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
1042 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
1043 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
1044 */
1045 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
1046 struct BusyHandler {
1047   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
1048   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
1049   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
1050 };
1051 
1052 /*
1053 ** Name of table that holds the database schema.
1054 */
1055 #define DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE          "sqlite_master"
1056 #define DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE     "sqlite_temp_master"
1057 #define ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE           "sqlite_schema"
1058 #define ALT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE      "sqlite_temp_schema"
1059 
1060 
1061 /*
1062 ** The root-page of the schema table.
1063 */
1064 #define SCHEMA_ROOT    1
1065 
1066 /*
1067 ** The name of the schema table.  The name is different for TEMP.
1068 */
1069 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) \
1070     ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE:DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE)
1071 
1072 /*
1073 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1074 ** an array.
1075 */
1076 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1077 
1078 /*
1079 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1080 */
1081 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1082 
1083 /*
1084 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1085 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1086 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1087 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1088 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1089 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1090 */
1091 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3OomFault)
1092 
1093 /*
1094 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1095 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1096 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1097 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1098 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1099 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1100 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1101 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1102 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1103 **
1104 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1105 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1106 */
1107 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1108   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1109   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1110   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1111   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1112   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1113 #else
1114   #define SQLITE_WSD
1115   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1116   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1117 #endif
1118 
1119 /*
1120 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1121 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1122 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1123 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1124 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1125 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1126 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1127 **
1128 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1129 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1130 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1131 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1132 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1133 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1134 */
1135 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1136 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1137 
1138 /*
1139 ** Forward references to structures
1140 */
1141 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1142 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1143 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1144 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1145 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1146 typedef struct Column Column;
1147 typedef struct Cte Cte;
1148 typedef struct CteUse CteUse;
1149 typedef struct Db Db;
1150 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
1151 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1152 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1153 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1154 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1155 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1156 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1157 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1158 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1159 typedef struct Index Index;
1160 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1161 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1162 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1163 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1164 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1165 typedef struct Module Module;
1166 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1167 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1168 typedef struct ParseCleanup ParseCleanup;
1169 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1170 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1171 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1172 typedef struct Returning Returning;
1173 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1174 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1175 typedef struct Select Select;
1176 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1177 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1178 typedef struct SrcItem SrcItem;
1179 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1180 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1181 typedef struct Table Table;
1182 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1183 typedef struct Token Token;
1184 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1185 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1186 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1187 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1188 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1189 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1190 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1191 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1192 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1193 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1194 typedef struct Window Window;
1195 typedef struct With With;
1196 
1197 
1198 /*
1199 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1200 **
1201 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1202 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1203 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1204 */
1205 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1206   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1207 #else
1208   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1209 #endif
1210 
1211 /*
1212 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1213 */
1214 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1215 
1216 /*
1217 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1218 */
1219 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1220 #define MASKBIT64(n) (((u64)1)<<(n))
1221 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1222 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1223 
1224 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1225 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1226 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1227 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1228 ** just an array of integers.
1229 */
1230 typedef int VList;
1231 
1232 /*
1233 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1234 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1235 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1236 */
1237 #include "pager.h"
1238 #include "btree.h"
1239 #include "vdbe.h"
1240 #include "pcache.h"
1241 #include "os.h"
1242 #include "mutex.h"
1243 
1244 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1245 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1246 */
1247 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1248 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1249 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1250 #endif
1251 
1252 /*
1253 ** Default synchronous levels.
1254 **
1255 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1256 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1257 **
1258 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1259 **   OFF           1                         0
1260 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1261 **   FULL          3                         2
1262 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1263 **
1264 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1265 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1266 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1267 */
1268 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1269 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1270 #endif
1271 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1272 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1273 #endif
1274 
1275 /*
1276 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1277 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1278 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1279 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1280 ** databases may be attached.
1281 */
1282 struct Db {
1283   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1284   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1285   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1286   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1287   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1288 };
1289 
1290 /*
1291 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1292 **
1293 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1294 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1295 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1296 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1297 **
1298 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1299 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1300 ** sqlite3_close().
1301 *
1302 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1303 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1304 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1305 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1306 */
1307 struct Schema {
1308   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1309   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1310   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1311   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1312   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1313   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1314   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1315   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1316   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1317   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1318   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1319 };
1320 
1321 /*
1322 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1323 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1324 */
1325 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1326 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1327 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1328 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1329 
1330 /*
1331 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1332 **
1333 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1334 ** read into internal hash tables.
1335 **
1336 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1337 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1338 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1339 */
1340 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1341 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1342 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1343 
1344 /*
1345 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1346 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1347 */
1348 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1349 
1350 /*
1351 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1352 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1353 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1354 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1355 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1356 ** SQL statements.
1357 **
1358 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1359 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1360 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1361 ** objects.
1362 **
1363 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1364 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1365 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1366 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1367 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1368 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1369 **
1370 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1371 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1372 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1373 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1374 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1375 **
1376 ** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
1377 ** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
1378 ** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
1379 ** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
1380 ** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
1381 ** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
1382 **
1383 ** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
1384 ** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
1385 ** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
1386 ** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
1387 ** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
1388 ** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
1389 ** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
1390 ** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
1391 ** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
1392 ** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
1393 ** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
1394 */
1395 struct Lookaside {
1396   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1397   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1398   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1399   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1400   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1401   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1402   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1403   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1404 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1405   LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
1406   LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
1407   void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
1408                           ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
1409 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
1410   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1411   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1412 };
1413 struct LookasideSlot {
1414   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1415 };
1416 
1417 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1418 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1419    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1420 
1421 /* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
1422 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1423 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
1424 #else
1425 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
1426 #endif
1427 
1428 /*
1429 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1430 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1431 **
1432 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1433 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1434 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1435 */
1436 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1437 struct FuncDefHash {
1438   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1439 };
1440 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1441 
1442 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1443 /*
1444 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1445 ** to manage user authentication.
1446 */
1447 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1448 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1449   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1450   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1451   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1452   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1453 };
1454 
1455 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1456 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1457 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1458 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1459 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1460 
1461 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1462 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1463 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1464 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1465 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1466 
1467 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1468 
1469 /*
1470 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1471 */
1472 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1473   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1474                                const char*, const char*);
1475 #else
1476   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1477                                const char*);
1478 #endif
1479 
1480 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1481 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1482 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1483 */
1484 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1485 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1486 #else
1487 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1488 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1489 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1490 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1491 
1492 /*
1493 ** Maximum number of sqlite3.aDb[] entries.  This is the number of attached
1494 ** databases plus 2 for "main" and "temp".
1495 */
1496 #define SQLITE_MAX_DB (SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2)
1497 
1498 /*
1499 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1500 */
1501 struct sqlite3 {
1502   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1503   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1504   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
1505   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1506   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1507   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1508   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1509   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1510   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1511   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1512   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1513   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1514   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1515   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1516   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1517   u32 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1518   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1519   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1520   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1521   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1522   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1523   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1524   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1525   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1526   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1527   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1528   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1529   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1530   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1531   u8 eOpenState;                /* Current condition of the connection */
1532   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1533   i64 nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1534   i64 nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1535   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1536   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1537   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1538     Pgno newTnum;               /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1539     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1540     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1541     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1542     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1543     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1544     const char **azInit;        /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1545   } init;
1546   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1547   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1548   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1549   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1550   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1551   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1552   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1553   union {
1554     void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);   /* mTrace==SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY */
1555     int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);    /* All other mTrace values */
1556   } trace;
1557   void *pTraceArg;                        /* Argument to the trace function */
1558 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1559   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1560   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1561 #endif
1562   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1563   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1564   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1565   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1566   void *pUpdateArg;
1567   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1568   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1569 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1570   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1571   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1572     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1573   );
1574   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1575 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1576 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1577   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1578   void *pWalArg;
1579 #endif
1580   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1581   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1582   void *pCollNeededArg;
1583   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1584   union {
1585     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1586     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1587   } u1;
1588   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1589 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1590   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1591   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1592 #endif
1593 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1594   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1595   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1596   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1597 #endif
1598 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1599   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1600   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1601   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1602   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1603   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1604 #endif
1605   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1606   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1607   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1608   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1609   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1610   int nAnalysisLimit;           /* Number of index rows to ANALYZE */
1611   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1612   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1613   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1614   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1615   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1616   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1617 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1618   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
1619   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1620   **
1621   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1622   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1623   **
1624   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1625   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1626   ** held by Y.
1627   */
1628   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1629   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1630   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1631   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1632   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1633 #endif
1634 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1635   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1636 #endif
1637 };
1638 
1639 /*
1640 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1641 */
1642 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1643 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1644 
1645 /*
1646 ** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
1647 ** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
1648 ** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
1649 */
1650 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1651 
1652 /*
1653 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1654 **
1655 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1656 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1657 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1658 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1659 */
1660 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_SCHEMA */
1661 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1662 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1663 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1664 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1665 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1666 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1667 #define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
1668                                           ** vtabs in the schema definition */
1669 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1670                                           /*   result set is empty */
1671 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1672 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1673 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1674 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1675 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1676 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1677 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1678 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1679 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1680 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1681 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1682 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1683 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1684 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1685 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1686 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1687 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1688 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1689 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1690 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1691 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1692 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1693 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1694 #define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1695                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1696                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1697 
1698 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1699 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1700 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1701 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1702 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1703 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1704 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1705 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1706 #endif
1707 
1708 /*
1709 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1710 */
1711 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1712 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1713 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1714 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1715 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1716 #define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
1717 #define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
1718 
1719 /*
1720 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1721 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1722 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1723 */
1724 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x00000001 /* Query flattening */
1725 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x00000002 /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1726 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x00000004 /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1727 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x00000008 /* Constant factoring */
1728 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x00000010 /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1729 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x00000020 /* Covering index scans */
1730 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x00000040 /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1731 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x00000080 /* Transitive constraints */
1732 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x00000100 /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1733 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x00000200 /* The count-of-view optimization */
1734 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x00000400 /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1735 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x00000800 /* Use STAT4 data */
1736    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x0000800. Don't change it */
1737 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x00001000 /* The push-down optimization */
1738 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x00002000 /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1739 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x00004000 /* Skip-scans */
1740 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x00008000 /* The constant propagation opt */
1741 #define SQLITE_MinMaxOpt      0x00010000 /* The min/max optimization */
1742 #define SQLITE_SeekScan       0x00020000 /* The OP_SeekScan optimization */
1743 #define SQLITE_OmitOrderBy    0x00040000 /* Omit pointless ORDER BY */
1744    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x40000. Coordinate any change */
1745 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */
1746 
1747 /*
1748 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1749 */
1750 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1751 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1752 
1753 /*
1754 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1755 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1756 */
1757 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1758 
1759 /* Possible values for the sqlite3.eOpenState field.
1760 ** The numbers are randomly selected such that a minimum of three bits must
1761 ** change to convert any number to another or to zero
1762 */
1763 #define SQLITE_STATE_OPEN     0x76  /* Database is open */
1764 #define SQLITE_STATE_CLOSED   0xce  /* Database is closed */
1765 #define SQLITE_STATE_SICK     0xba  /* Error and awaiting close */
1766 #define SQLITE_STATE_BUSY     0x6d  /* Database currently in use */
1767 #define SQLITE_STATE_ERROR    0xd5  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1768 #define SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE   0xa7  /* Close with last statement close */
1769 
1770 /*
1771 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1772 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1773 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1774 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1775 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1776 **
1777 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1778 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1779 */
1780 struct FuncDef {
1781   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1782   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1783   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1784   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1785   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1786   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1787   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1788   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1789   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1790   union {
1791     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1792     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1793   } u; /* pHash if SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN, pDestructor otherwise */
1794 };
1795 
1796 /*
1797 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1798 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1799 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1800 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1801 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1802 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1803 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1804 ** FuncDestructor.
1805 **
1806 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1807 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1808 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1809 */
1810 struct FuncDestructor {
1811   int nRef;
1812   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1813   void *pUserData;
1814 };
1815 
1816 /*
1817 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1818 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1819 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1820 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1821 **
1822 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1823 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX      ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1824 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER    ==  NC_OrderAgg       == SF_OrderByReqd
1825 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH      ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1826 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF      ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1827 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT    ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1828 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT      ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1829 **     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE      ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
1830 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1831 */
1832 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1833 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1834 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1835 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1836 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1837 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1838 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1839 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1840 /*                           0x0200 -- available for reuse */
1841 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1842 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1843 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1844 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1845                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1846 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
1847 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1848 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1849 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1850 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1851 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1852 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
1853 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
1854 #define SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN  0x00800000 /* This is a built-in function */
1855 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER 0x08000000 /* count/min/max aggregate */
1856 
1857 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
1858 #define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
1859 #define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
1860 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
1861 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
1862 #define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
1863 #define INLINEFUNC_iif                  5
1864 #define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
1865 
1866 /*
1867 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1868 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1869 **
1870 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1871 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1872 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1873 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1874 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1875 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1876 **
1877 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1878 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1879 **
1880 **   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1881 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1882 **     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
1883 **
1884 **   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1885 **     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
1886 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1887 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1888 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1889 **
1890 **   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1891 **     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
1892 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1893 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1894 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1895 **
1896 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1897 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1898 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1899 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1900 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1901 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1902 **
1903 **   MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc)
1904 **     For math-library functions.  xPtr is an arbitrary pointer.
1905 **
1906 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1907 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1908 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1909 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1910 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1911 **
1912 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1913 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1914 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1915 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1916 **     FUNCTION().
1917 **
1918 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1919 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1920 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1921 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1922 **     FUNCTION().
1923 **
1924 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1925 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1926 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1927 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1928 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1929 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1930 **     parameter.
1931 */
1932 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1933   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1934    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1935    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1936 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1937   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1938    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1939 #define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1940   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
1941    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1942 #define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
1943   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1944    xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1945 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1946   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1947    SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1948    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1949 #define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1950   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1951          SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
1952          SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1953    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1954 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1955   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1956    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1957 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1958   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1959          SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1960    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1961 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1962   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1963    SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1964    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1965 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1966   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1967    SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1968    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1969 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1970   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1971    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1972 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1973   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1974    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1975 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1976   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
1977    SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1978    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1979 
1980 
1981 /*
1982 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1983 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1984 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1985 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1986 */
1987 struct Savepoint {
1988   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1989   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1990   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1991   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1992 };
1993 
1994 /*
1995 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1996 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1997 */
1998 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1999 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
2000 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
2001 
2002 
2003 /*
2004 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
2005 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
2006 ** hash table.
2007 */
2008 struct Module {
2009   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
2010   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
2011   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
2012   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
2013   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
2014   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
2015 };
2016 
2017 /*
2018 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
2019 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
2020 **
2021 ** Definitions:
2022 **
2023 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
2024 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
2025 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
2026 **
2027 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
2028 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
2029 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
2030 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
2031 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
2032 **                            columns to the left.
2033 **
2034 ** Notes on zCnName:
2035 ** The zCnName field stores the name of the column, the datatype of the
2036 ** column, and the collating sequence for the column, in that order, all in
2037 ** a single allocation.  Each string is 0x00 terminated.  The datatype
2038 ** is only included if the COLFLAG_HASTYPE bit of colFlags is set and the
2039 ** collating sequence name is only included if the COLFLAG_HASCOLL bit is
2040 ** set.
2041 */
2042 struct Column {
2043   char *zCnName;        /* Name of this column */
2044   unsigned notNull :4;  /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
2045   unsigned eCType :4;   /* One of the standard types */
2046   char affinity;        /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
2047   u8 szEst;             /* Est size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
2048   u8 hName;             /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
2049   u16 iDflt;            /* 1-based index of DEFAULT.  0 means "none" */
2050   u16 colFlags;         /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
2051 };
2052 
2053 /* Allowed values for Column.eCType.
2054 **
2055 ** Values must match entries in the global constant arrays
2056 ** sqlite3StdTypeLen[] and sqlite3StdType[].  Each value is one more
2057 ** than the offset into these arrays for the corresponding name.
2058 ** Adjust the SQLITE_N_STDTYPE value if adding or removing entries.
2059 */
2060 #define COLTYPE_CUSTOM      0   /* Type appended to zName */
2061 #define COLTYPE_ANY         1
2062 #define COLTYPE_BLOB        2
2063 #define COLTYPE_INT         3
2064 #define COLTYPE_INTEGER     4
2065 #define COLTYPE_REAL        5
2066 #define COLTYPE_TEXT        6
2067 #define SQLITE_N_STDTYPE    6  /* Number of standard types */
2068 
2069 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags.
2070 **
2071 ** Constraints:
2072 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2073 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2074 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2075 */
2076 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
2077 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
2078 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
2079 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
2080 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
2081 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
2082 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
2083 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
2084 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
2085 #define COLFLAG_HASCOLL   0x0200   /* Has collating sequence name in zCnName */
2086 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2087 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2088 
2089 /*
2090 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
2091 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
2092 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
2093 **
2094 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
2095 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
2096 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
2097 */
2098 struct CollSeq {
2099   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
2100   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
2101   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
2102   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
2103   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
2104 };
2105 
2106 /*
2107 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
2108 */
2109 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
2110 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
2111 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
2112 
2113 /*
2114 ** Column affinity types.
2115 **
2116 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
2117 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
2118 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
2119 **
2120 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
2121 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
2122 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
2123 **
2124 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
2125 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
2126 */
2127 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
2128 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
2129 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
2130 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
2131 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
2132 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
2133 
2134 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
2135 
2136 /*
2137 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
2138 ** affinity value.
2139 */
2140 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
2141 
2142 /*
2143 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
2144 ** changing the affinity.
2145 **
2146 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
2147 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
2148 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
2149 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
2150 */
2151 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
2152 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
2153 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
2154 
2155 /*
2156 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
2157 ** the database schema.
2158 **
2159 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
2160 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
2161 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
2162 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
2163 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
2164 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
2165 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
2166 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
2167 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
2168 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
2169 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
2170 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
2171 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
2172 **
2173 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
2174 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
2175 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
2176 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
2177 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
2178 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
2179 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
2180 **
2181 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
2182 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
2183 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
2184 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
2185 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
2186 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
2187 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
2188 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
2189 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
2190 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
2191 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
2192 **
2193 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
2194 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
2195 ** the first argument.
2196 */
2197 struct VTable {
2198   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
2199   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
2200   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
2201   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
2202   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
2203   u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
2204   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
2205   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
2206 };
2207 
2208 /* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
2209 */
2210 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
2211 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
2212 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
2213 
2214 /*
2215 ** The schema for each SQL table, virtual table, and view is represented
2216 ** in memory by an instance of the following structure.
2217 */
2218 struct Table {
2219   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2220   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2221   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2222   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2223   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2224                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2225   Pgno tnum;           /* Root BTree page for this table */
2226   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2227   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2228   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2229   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2230   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2231   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2232   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2233 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2234   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2235 #endif
2236   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2237   u8 eTabType;         /* 0: normal, 1: virtual, 2: view */
2238   union {
2239     struct {             /* Used by ordinary tables: */
2240       int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2241       FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2242       ExprList *pDfltList; /* DEFAULT clauses on various columns.
2243                            ** Or the AS clause for generated columns. */
2244     } tab;
2245     struct {             /* Used by views: */
2246       Select *pSelect;     /* View definition */
2247     } view;
2248     struct {             /* Used by virtual tables only: */
2249       int nArg;            /* Number of arguments to the module */
2250       char **azArg;        /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2251       VTable *p;           /* List of VTable objects. */
2252     } vtab;
2253   } u;
2254   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers on this object */
2255   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2256 };
2257 
2258 /*
2259 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2260 **
2261 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2262 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2263 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2264 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2265 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2266 **
2267 ** Constraints:
2268 **
2269 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2270 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2271 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2272 */
2273 #define TF_Readonly       0x00000001 /* Read-only system table */
2274 #define TF_HasHidden      0x00000002 /* Has one or more hidden columns */
2275 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey  0x00000004 /* Table has a primary key */
2276 #define TF_Autoincrement  0x00000008 /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2277 #define TF_HasStat1       0x00000010 /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2278 #define TF_HasVirtual     0x00000020 /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2279 #define TF_HasStored      0x00000040 /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2280 #define TF_HasGenerated   0x00000060 /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2281 #define TF_WithoutRowid   0x00000080 /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2282 #define TF_StatsUsed      0x00000100 /* Query planner decisions affected by
2283                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2284 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid 0x00000200 /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2285 #define TF_OOOHidden      0x00000400 /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2286 #define TF_HasNotNull     0x00000800 /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2287 #define TF_Shadow         0x00001000 /* True for a shadow table */
2288 #define TF_HasStat4       0x00002000 /* STAT4 info available for this table */
2289 #define TF_Ephemeral      0x00004000 /* An ephemeral table */
2290 #define TF_Eponymous      0x00008000 /* An eponymous virtual table */
2291 #define TF_Strict         0x00010000 /* STRICT mode */
2292 
2293 /*
2294 ** Allowed values for Table.eTabType
2295 */
2296 #define TABTYP_NORM      0     /* Ordinary table */
2297 #define TABTYP_VTAB      1     /* Virtual table */
2298 #define TABTYP_VIEW      2     /* A view */
2299 
2300 #define IsView(X)           ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VIEW)
2301 #define IsOrdinaryTable(X)  ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_NORM)
2302 
2303 /*
2304 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2305 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2306 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2307 */
2308 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2309 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2310 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
2311     ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab!=0 && (X)->y.pTab->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2312 #else
2313 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2314 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
2315 #endif
2316 
2317 /*
2318 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2319 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2320 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2321 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2322 */
2323 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2324 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2325 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2326 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2327 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2328 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2329 #else
2330 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2331 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2332 #endif
2333 
2334 
2335 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2336 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2337 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2338 
2339 /*
2340 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2341 **
2342 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2343 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2344 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2345 ** Consider this example:
2346 **
2347 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2348 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2349 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2350 **     );
2351 **
2352 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2353 ** Equivalent names:
2354 **
2355 **     from-table == child-table
2356 **       to-table == parent-table
2357 **
2358 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2359 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2360 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2361 **
2362 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2363 **
2364 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2365 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2366 */
2367 struct FKey {
2368   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2369   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2370   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2371   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2372   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2373   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2374   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2375   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2376   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2377   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2378   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2379     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2380     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2381   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2382 };
2383 
2384 /*
2385 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2386 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2387 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2388 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2389 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2390 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2391 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2392 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2393 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2394 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2395 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2396 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2397 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2398 ** UPDATE applies to insert operations only and means that the insert
2399 ** is omitted and the DO UPDATE clause of an upsert is run instead.
2400 **
2401 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, SETDFLT, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2402 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2403 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2404 ** key is set to NULL.  SETDFLT means that the foreign key is set
2405 ** to its default value.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2406 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2407 ** foreign key.
2408 **
2409 ** The OE_Default value is a place holder that means to use whatever
2410 ** conflict resolution algorthm is required from context.
2411 **
2412 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2413 ** of conflict resolution action to take.
2414 */
2415 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2416 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2417 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2418 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2419 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2420 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2421 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2422 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2423 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2424 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2425 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2426 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2427 
2428 
2429 /*
2430 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2431 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2432 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2433 **
2434 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2435 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2436 ** for the rowid at the end.
2437 */
2438 struct KeyInfo {
2439   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2440   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2441   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2442   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2443   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2444   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2445   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2446 };
2447 
2448 /*
2449 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2450 */
2451 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2452 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2453 
2454 /*
2455 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2456 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2457 **
2458 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2459 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2460 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2461 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2462 ** OP_Column opcode.
2463 **
2464 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2465 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2466 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2467 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2468 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2469 **
2470 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2471 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2472 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2473 ** is in DESC order.
2474 **
2475 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2476 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2477 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2478 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2479 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2480 ** find the first match.
2481 **
2482 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2483 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2484 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2485 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2486 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2487 ** b-tree.
2488 */
2489 struct UnpackedRecord {
2490   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2491   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2492   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2493   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2494   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2495   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2496   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2497   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2498 };
2499 
2500 
2501 /*
2502 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2503 ** instance of the following structure.
2504 **
2505 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2506 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2507 ** we have the following table and index:
2508 **
2509 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2510 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2511 **
2512 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2513 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2514 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2515 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2516 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2517 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2518 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2519 **
2520 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2521 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2522 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2523 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2524 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2525 ** element.
2526 **
2527 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2528 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
2529 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2530 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2531 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2532 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2533 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2534 */
2535 struct Index {
2536   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2537   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2538   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2539   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2540   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2541   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2542   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2543   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2544   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2545   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2546   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2547   Pgno tnum;               /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2548   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2549   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2550   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2551   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2552   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2553   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2554   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2555   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2556   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2557   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2558   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2559   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2560   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2561   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2562 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2563   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2564   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2565   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2566   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2567   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2568   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2569 #endif
2570   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2571 };
2572 
2573 /*
2574 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2575 */
2576 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2577 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2578 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2579 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2580 
2581 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2582 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2583 
2584 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2585 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2586 
2587 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2588 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2589 */
2590 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2591 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2592 
2593 /*
2594 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2595 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2596 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2597 */
2598 struct IndexSample {
2599   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2600   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2601   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2602   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2603   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2604 };
2605 
2606 /*
2607 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2608 */
2609 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2610 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2611 
2612 /*
2613 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2614 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2615 **
2616 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2617 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2618 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2619 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2620 ** static string.
2621 */
2622 struct Token {
2623   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2624   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2625 };
2626 
2627 /*
2628 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2629 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2630 **
2631 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2632 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iAgg field is the index in
2633 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2634 ** code for that node.
2635 **
2636 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2637 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2638 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2639 */
2640 struct AggInfo {
2641   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2642                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2643   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2644                           ** than the source table */
2645   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2646   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2647   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2648   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2649   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2650   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2651     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2652     Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
2653     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2654     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2655     i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2656     i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2657   } *aCol;
2658   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2659   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2660                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2661                           ** aggregate functions */
2662   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2663     Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
2664     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2665     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2666     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2667     int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
2668   } *aFunc;
2669   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2670   u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
2671 };
2672 
2673 /*
2674 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2675 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2676 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2677 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2678 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2679 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2680 ** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
2681 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2682 */
2683 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
2684 typedef i16 ynVar;
2685 #else
2686 typedef int ynVar;
2687 #endif
2688 
2689 /*
2690 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2691 ** of this structure.
2692 **
2693 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2694 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2695 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2696 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2697 ** tree.
2698 **
2699 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2700 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.u.zToken contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2701 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.u.zToken contains the
2702 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2703 ** then Expr.u.zToken contains the name of the function.
2704 **
2705 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2706 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2707 **
2708 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2709 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2710 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2711 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2712 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2713 ** valid.
2714 **
2715 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2716 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2717 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2718 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2719 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2720 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2721 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2722 **
2723 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2724 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2725 ** number for that variable.
2726 **
2727 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2728 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2729 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2730 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2731 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2732 **
2733 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2734 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2735 ** corresponding table definition.
2736 **
2737 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2738 **
2739 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2740 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2741 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2742 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2743 ** together with Expr.u.zToken strings.
2744 **
2745 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2746 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2747 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2748 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2749 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2750 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2751 */
2752 struct Expr {
2753   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2754   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2755   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2756                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2757                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2758                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2759 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2760   u8 vvaFlags;           /* Verification flags. */
2761 #endif
2762   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2763   union {
2764     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2765     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2766   } u;
2767 
2768   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2769   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2770   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2771   *********************************************************************/
2772 
2773   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2774   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2775   union {
2776     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2777     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2778   } x;
2779 
2780   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2781   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2782   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2783   *********************************************************************/
2784 
2785 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2786   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2787 #endif
2788   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2789                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2790                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2791                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2792                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2793                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2794                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2795   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2796                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2797                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2798   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2799   int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2800   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2801   union {
2802     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2803                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2804     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2805     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2806       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2807       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2808     } sub;
2809   } y;
2810 };
2811 
2812 /* The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2813 ** Value restrictions:
2814 **
2815 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2816 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2817 */
2818 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2819 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2820 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2821 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2822 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2823 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2824 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2825 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2826 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2827 #define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2828 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2829 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2830 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2831 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2832 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2833 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2834 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2835 #define EP_IfNullRow  0x020000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
2836 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2837 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2838 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2839 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2840                  /*   0x400000 // Available */
2841 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2842 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2843 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2844 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2845 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2846 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2847 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2848 #define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
2849                /*   0x80000000 // Available */
2850 
2851 /* The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2852 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2853 */
2854 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2855 
2856 /* Macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2857 ** Expr.flags field.
2858 */
2859 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2860 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2861 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2862 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2863 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2864 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2865 
2866 /* Macros used to ensure that the correct members of unions are accessed
2867 ** in Expr.
2868 */
2869 #define ExprUseUToken(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)==0)
2870 #define ExprUseUValue(E)    (((E)->flags&EP_IntValue)!=0)
2871 #define ExprUseXList(E)     (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)==0)
2872 #define ExprUseXSelect(E)   (((E)->flags&EP_xIsSelect)!=0)
2873 #define ExprUseYTab(E)      (((E)->flags&(EP_WinFunc|EP_Subrtn))==0)
2874 #define ExprUseYWin(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_WinFunc)!=0)
2875 #define ExprUseYSub(E)      (((E)->flags&EP_Subrtn)!=0)
2876 
2877 /* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
2878 */
2879 #define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2880 #define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */
2881 
2882 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2883 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2884 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2885 */
2886 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2887 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)   (E)->vvaFlags|=(P)
2888 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   (((E)->vvaFlags&(P))!=0)
2889 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E) (E)->vvaFlags = 0
2890 #else
2891 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2892 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   0
2893 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E)
2894 #endif
2895 
2896 /*
2897 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2898 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2899 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2900 */
2901 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2902 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2903 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2904 
2905 /*
2906 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2907 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2908 */
2909 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2910 
2911 /*
2912 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2913 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2914 */
2915 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2916 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2917 #else
2918 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2919     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2920  )
2921 #endif
2922 
2923 /*
2924 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2925 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2926 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2927 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2928 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2929 ** field is not used.
2930 **
2931 ** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
2932 ** is used for multiple purposes:
2933 **
2934 **     eEName          Usage
2935 **    ----------       -------------------------
2936 **    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
2937 **                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
2938 **
2939 **    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
2940 **                     of subqueries
2941 **
2942 **    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
2943 **                     expression.
2944 */
2945 struct ExprList {
2946   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2947   int nAlloc;            /* Number of a[] slots allocated */
2948   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2949     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2950     char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
2951     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2952     unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
2953     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2954     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2955     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2956     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2957     union {
2958       struct {             /* Used by any ExprList other than Parse.pConsExpr */
2959         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2960         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2961       } x;
2962       int iConstExprReg;   /* Register in which Expr value is cached. Used only
2963                            ** by Parse.pConstExpr */
2964     } u;
2965   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2966 };
2967 
2968 /*
2969 ** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
2970 */
2971 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
2972 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
2973 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
2974 
2975 /*
2976 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2977 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2978 **
2979 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2980 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2981 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2982 **
2983 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2984 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2985 **
2986 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2987 **
2988 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2989 */
2990 struct IdList {
2991   struct IdList_item {
2992     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2993     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2994   } *a;
2995   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2996 };
2997 
2998 /*
2999 ** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
3000 ** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
3001 **
3002 ** Union member validity:
3003 **
3004 **    u1.zIndexedBy          fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
3005 **    u1.pFuncArg            fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
3006 **    u2.pIBIndex            fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
3007 **    u2.pCteUse             fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
3008 */
3009 struct SrcItem {
3010   Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
3011   char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
3012   char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
3013   char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
3014   Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
3015   Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
3016   int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
3017   int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
3018   int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
3019   struct {
3020     u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
3021     unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
3022     unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
3023     unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
3024     unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
3025     unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
3026     unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
3027     unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
3028     unsigned isCte :1;         /* This is a CTE */
3029     unsigned notCte :1;        /* This item may not match a CTE */
3030   } fg;
3031   int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
3032   Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
3033   IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
3034   Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
3035   union {
3036     char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
3037     ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
3038   } u1;
3039   union {
3040     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
3041     CteUse *pCteUse;  /* CTE Usage info info fg.isCte is true */
3042   } u2;
3043 };
3044 
3045 /*
3046 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
3047 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
3048 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
3049 **
3050 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
3051 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
3052 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
3053 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
3054 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
3055 **
3056 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
3057 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
3058 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
3059 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
3060 **
3061 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
3062 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
3063 */
3064 struct SrcList {
3065   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
3066   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
3067   SrcItem a[1];    /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
3068 };
3069 
3070 /*
3071 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
3072 */
3073 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
3074 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
3075 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
3076 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
3077 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
3078 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
3079 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
3080 
3081 
3082 /*
3083 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
3084 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
3085 **
3086 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3087 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
3088 */
3089 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
3090 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
3091 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
3092 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
3093 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
3094 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
3095 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
3096                                       ** the OR optimization  */
3097 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
3098 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
3099 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
3100 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
3101 #define WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT     0x0400 /* Query is "SELECT agg(DISTINCT ...)" */
3102 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
3103                         /*     0x1000    not currently used */
3104                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
3105 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
3106                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
3107 
3108 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
3109 */
3110 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
3111 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
3112 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
3113 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
3114 
3115 /*
3116 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
3117 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
3118 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
3119 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
3120 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
3121 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
3122 ** other statements.
3123 **
3124 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
3125 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
3126 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
3127 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
3128 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
3129 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
3130 **
3131 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
3132 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
3133 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
3134 ** subqueries looking for a match.
3135 */
3136 struct NameContext {
3137   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
3138   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
3139   union {
3140     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
3141     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
3142     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
3143     int iBaseReg;        /* For TK_REGISTER when parsing RETURNING */
3144   } uNC;
3145   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
3146   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
3147   int nNcErr;          /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
3148   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
3149   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
3150 };
3151 
3152 /*
3153 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
3154 **
3155 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
3156 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg       == EP_Agg
3157 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg    == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3158 **    NC_OrderAgg  == SF_OrderByReqd  == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3159 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
3160 **
3161 */
3162 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x000001 /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
3163 #define NC_PartIdx   0x000002 /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
3164 #define NC_IsCheck   0x000004 /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
3165 #define NC_GenCol    0x000008 /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
3166 #define NC_HasAgg    0x000010 /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
3167 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x000020 /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
3168 #define NC_SelfRef   0x00002e /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
3169 #define NC_VarSelect 0x000040 /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
3170 #define NC_UEList    0x000080 /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
3171 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x000100 /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
3172 #define NC_UUpsert   0x000200 /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
3173 #define NC_UBaseReg  0x000400 /* True if uNC.iBaseReg is used */
3174 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x001000 /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
3175 #define NC_Complex   0x002000 /* True if a function or subquery seen */
3176 #define NC_AllowWin  0x004000 /* Window functions are allowed here */
3177 #define NC_HasWin    0x008000 /* One or more window functions seen */
3178 #define NC_IsDDL     0x010000 /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
3179 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x020000 /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
3180 #define NC_FromDDL   0x040000 /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
3181 #define NC_NoSelect  0x080000 /* Do not descend into sub-selects */
3182 #define NC_OrderAgg 0x8000000 /* Has an aggregate other than count/min/max */
3183 
3184 /*
3185 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
3186 ** clause in an upsert.
3187 **
3188 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
3189 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
3190 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
3191 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
3192 **
3193 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
3194 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
3195 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
3196 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
3197 */
3198 struct Upsert {
3199   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflict target */
3200   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
3201   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3202   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3203   Upsert *pNextUpsert;      /* Next ON CONFLICT clause in the list */
3204   u8 isDoUpdate;            /* True for DO UPDATE.  False for DO NOTHING */
3205   /* Above this point is the parse tree for the ON CONFLICT clauses.
3206   ** The next group of fields stores intermediate data. */
3207   void *pToFree;            /* Free memory when deleting the Upsert object */
3208   /* All fields above are owned by the Upsert object and must be freed
3209   ** when the Upsert is destroyed.  The fields below are used to transfer
3210   ** information from the INSERT processing down into the UPDATE processing
3211   ** while generating code.  The fields below are owned by the INSERT
3212   ** statement and will be freed by INSERT processing. */
3213   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* UNIQUE constraint specified by pUpsertTarget */
3214   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
3215   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
3216   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
3217   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
3218 };
3219 
3220 /*
3221 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
3222 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
3223 **
3224 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
3225 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
3226 **
3227 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
3228 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
3229 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
3230 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
3231 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
3232 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
3233 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
3234 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
3235 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
3236 */
3237 struct Select {
3238   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
3239   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
3240   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
3241   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
3242   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
3243   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
3244   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
3245   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
3246   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
3247   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
3248   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
3249   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
3250   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
3251   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
3252   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
3253   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
3254 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3255   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
3256   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
3257 #endif
3258 };
3259 
3260 /*
3261 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
3262 ** "Select Flag".
3263 **
3264 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
3265 **     SF_HasAgg      == NC_HasAgg
3266 **     SF_MinMaxAgg   == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3267 **     SF_OrderByReqd == NC_OrderAgg      == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3268 **     SF_FixedLimit  == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
3269 */
3270 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
3271 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
3272 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
3273 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
3274 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
3275 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
3276 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
3277 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
3278 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
3279 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
3280 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
3281 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
3282 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
3283 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
3284 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
3285 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3286 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3287 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
3288 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
3289 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
3290 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
3291 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
3292 #define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
3293 #define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
3294 #define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
3295 #define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
3296 #define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
3297 #define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */
3298 
3299 /*
3300 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
3301 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
3302 ** Type".
3303 **
3304 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
3305 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
3306 **
3307 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
3308 **
3309 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
3310 **                     set is not empty.
3311 **
3312 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
3313 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
3314 **                     the side-effects of functions.
3315 **
3316 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
3317 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
3318 **
3319 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
3320 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3321 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3322 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3323 **
3324 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3325 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3326 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3327 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3328 **
3329 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3330 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3331 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3332 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3333 **                     the table first.
3334 **
3335 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3336 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3337 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3338 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3339 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3340 **
3341 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3342 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3343 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3344 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3345 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3346 **
3347 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3348 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3349 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3350 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3351 **
3352 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3353 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3354 **                     are distinct.
3355 **
3356 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3357 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3358 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3359 **
3360 **     SRT_Upfrom      Store results in the temporary table already opened by
3361 **                     pDest->iSDParm. If (pDest->iSDParm<0), then the temp
3362 **                     table is an intkey table - in this case the first
3363 **                     column returned by the SELECT is used as the integer
3364 **                     key. If (pDest->iSDParm>0), then the table is an index
3365 **                     table. (pDest->iSDParm) is the number of key columns in
3366 **                     each index record in this case.
3367 */
3368 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3369 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3370 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3371 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3372 #define SRT_DistFifo     5  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3373 #define SRT_DistQueue    6  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3374 
3375 /* The DISTINCT clause is ignored for all of the above.  Not that
3376 ** IgnorableDistinct() implies IgnorableOrderby() */
3377 #define IgnorableDistinct(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3378 
3379 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3380 #define SRT_Fifo         8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3381 
3382 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3383 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Fifo)
3384 
3385 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3386 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3387 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3388 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3389 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3390 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3391 #define SRT_Upfrom      15  /* Store result as data with rowid */
3392 
3393 /*
3394 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3395 ** a SELECT statement.
3396 */
3397 struct SelectDest {
3398   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
3399   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3400   int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
3401   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3402   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3403   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3404   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3405 };
3406 
3407 /*
3408 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3409 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3410 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3411 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3412 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3413 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3414 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3415 */
3416 struct AutoincInfo {
3417   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3418   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3419   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3420   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3421 };
3422 
3423 /*
3424 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3425 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3426 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3427 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3428 ** completed.
3429 **
3430 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3431 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3432 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3433 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3434 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3435 **
3436 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3437 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3438 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3439 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3440 */
3441 struct TriggerPrg {
3442   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3443   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3444   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3445   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3446   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3447 };
3448 
3449 /*
3450 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3451 */
3452 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3453   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3454 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3455 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3456 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3457 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3458 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3459 #else
3460   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3461 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3462 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3463 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3464 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3465 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3466 #endif
3467 
3468 /*
3469 ** An instance of the ParseCleanup object specifies an operation that
3470 ** should be performed after parsing to deallocation resources obtained
3471 ** during the parse and which are no longer needed.
3472 */
3473 struct ParseCleanup {
3474   ParseCleanup *pNext;               /* Next cleanup task */
3475   void *pPtr;                        /* Pointer to object to deallocate */
3476   void (*xCleanup)(sqlite3*,void*);  /* Deallocation routine */
3477 };
3478 
3479 /*
3480 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3481 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3482 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3483 **
3484 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3485 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3486 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3487 ** each recursion.
3488 **
3489 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3490 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3491 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3492 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3493 ** list.
3494 */
3495 struct Parse {
3496   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3497   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3498   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3499   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3500   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3501   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3502   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3503   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3504   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3505   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3506   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3507   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3508   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3509   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3510 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
3511   u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
3512 #endif
3513   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3514   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3515   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3516   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3517   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3518   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3519   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3520                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3521   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3522   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3523   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3524   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3525   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3526   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3527   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3528   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3529   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3530   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3531   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3532 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3533   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3534   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3535 #endif
3536   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3537   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3538   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3539   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3540   union {
3541     int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
3542     Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
3543   } u1;
3544   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3545   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3546   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3547   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3548   u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
3549   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3550   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3551 
3552   /**************************************************************************
3553   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3554   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3555   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3556   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3557   **************************************************************************/
3558 
3559   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3560   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3561 
3562   /************************************************************************
3563   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3564   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3565   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3566   ** first field in the recursive region.
3567   ************************************************************************/
3568 
3569   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3570   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3571   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3572   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3573   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3574 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3575   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3576 #endif
3577   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3578 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3579   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3580 #endif
3581   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3582   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3583   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3584   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3585   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3586                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3587                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3588   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3589   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3590 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3591   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3592   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3593 #endif
3594   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3595   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3596   ParseCleanup *pCleanup;   /* List of cleanup operations to run after parse */
3597 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3598   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3599 #endif
3600 };
3601 
3602 /* Allowed values for Parse.eParseMode
3603 */
3604 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3605 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3606 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3607 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3608 
3609 /*
3610 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3611 */
3612 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3613 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3614 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3615 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3616 
3617 /*
3618 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3619 */
3620 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3621   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3622 #else
3623   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3624 #endif
3625 
3626 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3627   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3628 #else
3629   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3630 #endif
3631 
3632 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3633   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3634 #else
3635   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3636 #endif
3637 
3638 /*
3639 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3640 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3641 */
3642 struct AuthContext {
3643   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3644   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3645 };
3646 
3647 /*
3648 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3649 **
3650 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3651 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3652 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3653 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3654 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3655 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3656 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3657 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3658 */
3659 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3660                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3661 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3662 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3663 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3664 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3665 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3666 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3667 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3668 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3669 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3670 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3671 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3672 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3673 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3674 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3675 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3676 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3677 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3678 #define OPFLAG_PREFORMAT     0x80    /* OP_Insert uses preformatted cell */
3679 
3680 /*
3681  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3682  * struct Trigger.
3683  *
3684  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3685  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3686  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3687  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3688  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3689  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3690  *    struct Table.
3691  *
3692  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3693  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3694  */
3695 struct Trigger {
3696   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3697   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3698   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3699   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3700   u8 bReturning;          /* This trigger implements a RETURNING clause */
3701   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3702   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3703                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3704   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3705   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3706   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3707   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3708 };
3709 
3710 /*
3711 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3712 ** determine which.
3713 **
3714 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3715 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3716 */
3717 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3718 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3719 
3720 /*
3721  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3722  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3723  *
3724  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3725  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3726  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3727  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3728  *
3729  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3730  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3731  * value of "op" as follows:
3732  *
3733  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3734  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3735  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3736  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3737  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3738  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3739  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3740  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3741  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3742  *              inserted into.
3743  *
3744  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3745  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3746  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3747  *              Otherwise NULL.
3748  *
3749  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3750  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3751  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3752  *              Otherwise NULL.
3753  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3754  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3755  *              argument.
3756  *
3757  */
3758 struct TriggerStep {
3759   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT,
3760                        ** or TK_RETURNING */
3761   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3762   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3763   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3764   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3765   SrcList *pFrom;      /* FROM clause for UPDATE statement (if any) */
3766   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3767   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE, or RETURNING clause */
3768   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3769   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3770   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3771   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3772   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3773 };
3774 
3775 /*
3776 ** Information about a RETURNING clause
3777 */
3778 struct Returning {
3779   Parse *pParse;        /* The parse that includes the RETURNING clause */
3780   ExprList *pReturnEL;  /* List of expressions to return */
3781   Trigger retTrig;      /* The transient trigger that implements RETURNING */
3782   TriggerStep retTStep; /* The trigger step */
3783   int iRetCur;          /* Transient table holding RETURNING results */
3784   int nRetCol;          /* Number of in pReturnEL after expansion */
3785   int iRetReg;          /* Register array for holding a row of RETURNING */
3786 };
3787 
3788 /*
3789 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3790 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3791 */
3792 struct sqlite3_str {
3793   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3794   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3795   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3796   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3797   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3798   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3799   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3800 };
3801 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3802 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3803 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3804 
3805 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3806 
3807 
3808 /*
3809 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3810 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3811 */
3812 typedef struct {
3813   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3814   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3815   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3816   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3817   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3818   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3819   Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
3820 } InitData;
3821 
3822 /*
3823 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3824 */
3825 #define INITFLAG_AlterRename   0x0001  /* Reparse after a RENAME */
3826 #define INITFLAG_AlterDrop     0x0002  /* Reparse after a DROP COLUMN */
3827 
3828 /* Tuning parameters are set using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE and are controlled
3829 ** on debug-builds of the CLI using ".testctrl tune ID VALUE".  Tuning
3830 ** parameters are for temporary use during development, to help find
3831 ** optimial values for parameters in the query planner.  The should not
3832 ** be used on trunk check-ins.  They are a temporary mechanism available
3833 ** for transient development builds only.
3834 **
3835 ** Tuning parameters are numbered starting with 1.
3836 */
3837 #define SQLITE_NTUNE  6             /* Should be zero for all trunk check-ins */
3838 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3839 # define Tuning(X)  (sqlite3Config.aTune[(X)-1])
3840 #else
3841 # define Tuning(X)  0
3842 #endif
3843 
3844 /*
3845 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3846 **
3847 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3848 */
3849 struct Sqlite3Config {
3850   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3851   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3852   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3853   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3854   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3855   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3856   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3857   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3858   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3859   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3860   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3861   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3862   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3863   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3864   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3865   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3866   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3867   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3868   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3869   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3870   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3871   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3872   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3873   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3874   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3875   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3876   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3877   ** initially be zero, however. */
3878   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3879   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3880   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3881   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3882   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3883   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3884   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3885   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3886   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3887 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3888   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3889   void *pSqllogArg;
3890 #endif
3891 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3892   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3893   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3894   */
3895   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3896   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3897 #endif
3898 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
3899   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3900 #endif
3901 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3902   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3903 #endif
3904   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3905   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3906   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3907   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3908   /* vvvv--- must be last ---vvv */
3909 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3910   sqlite3_int64 aTune[SQLITE_NTUNE]; /* Tuning parameters */
3911 #endif
3912 };
3913 
3914 /*
3915 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3916 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3917 **
3918 **     assert( X );
3919 **
3920 ** One writes:
3921 **
3922 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3923 **
3924 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3925 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3926 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3927 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3928 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3929 */
3930 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3931 
3932 /*
3933 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3934 */
3935 struct Walker {
3936   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3937   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3938   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3939   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3940   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3941   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
3942   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3943     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3944     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3945     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3946     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3947     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3948     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3949     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3950     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3951     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3952     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3953     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3954     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3955     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3956     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3957     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
3958     SrcItem *pSrcItem;                        /* A single FROM clause item */
3959     DbFixer *pFix;
3960   } u;
3961 };
3962 
3963 /*
3964 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3965 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3966 ** explicit.
3967 */
3968 struct DbFixer {
3969   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3970   Walker w;           /* Walker object */
3971   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3972   u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
3973   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3974   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3975   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3976 };
3977 
3978 /* Forward declarations */
3979 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3980 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3981 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3982 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3983 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3984 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3985 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3986 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3987 int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker*,Select*);
3988 void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker*,Select*);
3989 void sqlite3WalkWinDefnDummyCallback(Walker*,Select*);
3990 
3991 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3992 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3993 #endif
3994 
3995 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
3996 void sqlite3SelectPopWith(Walker*, Select*);
3997 #else
3998 # define sqlite3SelectPopWith 0
3999 #endif
4000 
4001 /*
4002 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
4003 ** callbacks.
4004 */
4005 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
4006 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
4007 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
4008 
4009 /*
4010 ** A single common table expression
4011 */
4012 struct Cte {
4013   char *zName;            /* Name of this CTE */
4014   ExprList *pCols;        /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
4015   Select *pSelect;        /* The definition of this CTE */
4016   const char *zCteErr;    /* Error message for circular references */
4017   CteUse *pUse;           /* Usage information for this CTE */
4018   u8 eM10d;               /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4019 };
4020 
4021 /*
4022 ** Allowed values for the materialized flag (eM10d):
4023 */
4024 #define M10d_Yes       0  /* AS MATERIALIZED */
4025 #define M10d_Any       1  /* Not specified.  Query planner's choice */
4026 #define M10d_No        2  /* AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
4027 
4028 /*
4029 ** An instance of the With object represents a WITH clause containing
4030 ** one or more CTEs (common table expressions).
4031 */
4032 struct With {
4033   int nCte;               /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
4034   int bView;              /* Belongs to the outermost Select of a view */
4035   With *pOuter;           /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
4036   Cte a[1];               /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
4037 };
4038 
4039 /*
4040 ** The Cte object is not guaranteed to persist for the entire duration
4041 ** of code generation.  (The query flattener or other parser tree
4042 ** edits might delete it.)  The following object records information
4043 ** about each Common Table Expression that must be preserved for the
4044 ** duration of the parse.
4045 **
4046 ** The CteUse objects are freed using sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() rather
4047 ** than sqlite3SelectDelete(), which is what enables them to persist
4048 ** until the end of code generation.
4049 */
4050 struct CteUse {
4051   int nUse;              /* Number of users of this CTE */
4052   int addrM9e;           /* Start of subroutine to compute materialization */
4053   int regRtn;            /* Return address register for addrM9e subroutine */
4054   int iCur;              /* Ephemeral table holding the materialization */
4055   LogEst nRowEst;        /* Estimated number of rows in the table */
4056   u8 eM10d;              /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4057 };
4058 
4059 
4060 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4061 /*
4062 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
4063 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
4064 */
4065 struct TreeView {
4066   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
4067   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
4068 };
4069 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
4070 
4071 /*
4072 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
4073 ** functions.
4074 **
4075 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
4076 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
4077 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
4078 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
4079 **
4080 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
4081 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
4082 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
4083 **
4084 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
4085 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
4086 **
4087 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
4088 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
4089 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
4090 **
4091 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
4092 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
4093 */
4094 struct Window {
4095   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
4096   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
4097   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
4098   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
4099   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
4100   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4101   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4102   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
4103   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
4104   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
4105   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
4106   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
4107   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
4108   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
4109   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
4110   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
4111   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
4112   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
4113   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
4114   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
4115   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
4116   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
4117   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
4118   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
4119   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
4120   int regStartRowid;
4121   int regEndRowid;
4122   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
4123                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
4124 };
4125 
4126 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4127 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
4128 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
4129 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4130 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
4131 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
4132 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
4133 int sqlite3WindowCompare(const Parse*, const Window*, const Window*, int);
4134 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
4135 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
4136 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
4137 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
4138 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
4139 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4140 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
4141 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
4142 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
4143 #else
4144 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
4145 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
4146 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
4147 #endif
4148 
4149 /*
4150 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
4151 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
4152 */
4153 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
4154   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
4155     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
4156   }                                                    \
4157 }
4158 
4159 /*
4160 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
4161 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
4162 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
4163 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
4164 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
4165 */
4166 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
4167 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
4168 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
4169 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
4170 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4171 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
4172 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
4173 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4174   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
4175   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
4176 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
4177 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
4178 #else
4179 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
4180 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
4181 #endif
4182 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
4183   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
4184 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
4185 #else
4186 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4187 #endif
4188 
4189 /*
4190 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
4191 */
4192 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4193 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
4194 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
4195 #endif
4196 
4197 /*
4198 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
4199 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
4200 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
4201 */
4202 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
4203 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
4204 #endif
4205 
4206 /*
4207 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
4208 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
4209 */
4210 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
4211     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
4212 # include <ctype.h>
4213 #endif
4214 
4215 /*
4216 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
4217 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
4218 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
4219 */
4220 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
4221 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
4222 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
4223 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
4224 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
4225 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
4226 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
4227 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
4228 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
4229 #else
4230 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
4231 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
4232 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
4233 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
4234 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4235 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4236 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
4237 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
4238 #endif
4239 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
4240 
4241 /*
4242 ** Internal function prototypes
4243 */
4244 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
4245 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
4246 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
4247 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
4248 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
4249 
4250 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
4251 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
4252 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
4253 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
4254 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
4255 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
4256 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
4257 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
4258 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
4259 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
4260 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
4261 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4262 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4263 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
4264 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
4265 int sqlite3MallocSize(const void*);
4266 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, const void*);
4267 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
4268 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
4269 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
4270 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4271 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
4272 #endif
4273 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
4274 
4275 /*
4276 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
4277 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
4278 ** obtain space from malloc().
4279 **
4280 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
4281 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
4282 */
4283 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
4284 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
4285 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
4286 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
4287 #else
4288 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
4289 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
4290 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
4291 #endif
4292 
4293 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
4294 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
4295 */
4296 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
4297 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
4298 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4299 #endif
4300 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4301 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
4302 #endif
4303 
4304 
4305 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
4306   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
4307   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
4308   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
4309   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
4310   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
4311 #endif
4312 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
4313   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
4314 #else
4315 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
4316 #endif
4317 
4318 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
4319 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
4320 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
4321 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
4322 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
4323 
4324 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
4325 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
4326 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
4327 
4328 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
4329 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
4330 #else
4331 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
4332 #endif
4333 
4334 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
4335 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
4336 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
4337 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
4338   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
4339 #else
4340 # define IsNaN(X)         0
4341 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
4342 #endif
4343 
4344 /*
4345 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
4346 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
4347 */
4348 struct PrintfArguments {
4349   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
4350   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
4351   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
4352 };
4353 
4354 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
4355 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
4356 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
4357   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
4358 #endif
4359 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4360   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
4361 #endif
4362 
4363 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
4364   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
4365   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
4366   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
4367   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
4368   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
4369   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
4370 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4371   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4372   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4373 #endif
4374 #endif
4375 
4376 
4377 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
4378 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4379 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
4380 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
4381 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
4382 void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
4383 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
4384 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
4385 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
4386 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
4387 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
4388 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
4389 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
4390 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
4391 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
4392 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4393 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
4394 #endif
4395 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
4396 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4397 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
4398 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
4399 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
4400 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
4401 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
4402 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, const Token*, int);
4403 void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,const Expr*,const FuncDef*);
4404 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
4405 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
4406 void sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4407 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4408 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4409 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
4410 Select *sqlite3ExprListToValues(Parse*, int, ExprList*);
4411 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
4412 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,const Token*,int);
4413 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
4414 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
4415 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
4416 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
4417 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
4418 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
4419 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
4420 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
4421 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4422 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
4423 #endif
4424 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
4425 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
4426 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
4427 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
4428 void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(Parse*,Table*,Column*,Expr*);
4429 Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table*,Column*);
4430 void sqlite3ColumnSetColl(sqlite3*,Column*,const char*zColl);
4431 const char *sqlite3ColumnColl(Column*);
4432 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
4433 void sqlite3GenerateColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect);
4434 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
4435 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
4436 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
4437 void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
4438 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
4439 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
4440 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4441 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4442 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4443 #else
4444   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
4445   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
4446 #endif
4447 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
4448 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
4449   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4450 #else
4451 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4452 #endif
4453 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token,Token);
4454 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4455 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4456 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*, const char*, const char*);
4457 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4458 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4459 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4460 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u32,Select*);
4461 void sqlite3AddReturning(Parse*,ExprList*);
4462 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4463                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4464 #define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4465 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4466 
4467 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4468 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4469 #else
4470   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4471 #endif
4472 
4473 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4474 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4475 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4476 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4477 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4478 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4479 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4480 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4481 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4482 #endif
4483 
4484 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4485 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4486 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4487 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4488 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4489 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4490 
4491 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4492 
4493 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4494   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4495 #else
4496 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4497 #endif
4498 
4499 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4500   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4501 #endif
4502 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4503 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4504 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4505 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4506 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4507   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4508   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4509 #else
4510 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4511 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4512 #endif
4513 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4514 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4515   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4516 #endif
4517 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4518 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4519 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4520 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4521 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
4522 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4523 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4524                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
4525 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4526 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4527 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, SrcItem *);
4528 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
4529 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4530 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4531 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4532 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4533 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4534                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4535 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4536 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4537 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4538                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4539 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4540 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4541 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4542 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4543 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4544 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4545 #endif
4546 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4547 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4548                    Upsert*);
4549 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
4550 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4551 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4552 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4553 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4554 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4555 void sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(Vdbe*,WhereInfo*);
4556 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4557 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4558 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4559 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4560 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4561 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4562 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4563 int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
4564 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4565 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4566 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4567 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4568 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4569 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4570 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Table*, Column*, int);
4571 #endif
4572 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4573 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4574 int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4575 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4576 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4577 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4578 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4579 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4580 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4581 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4582 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4583 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4584 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4585 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4586 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4587 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4588 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4589 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,SrcItem *);
4590 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4591 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4592 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4593 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4594 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4595 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, const Token*);
4596 int sqlite3ExprCompare(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4597 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*,Expr*,int);
4598 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(const ExprList*,const ExprList*, int);
4599 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4600 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4601 void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker*,Parse*);
4602 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4603 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4604 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4605 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4606 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4607 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4608 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4609 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4610 #endif
4611 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4612 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4613 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4614 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4615 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4616 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4617 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4618 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4619 u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
4620 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4621 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4622 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4623 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4624 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4625 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4626 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4627 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4628 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4629 #endif
4630 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(const Expr*, int*);
4631 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4632 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4633 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4634 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4635     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4636 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4637 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4638 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4639 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4640 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4641                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4642 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4643   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4644 #else
4645 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4646 #endif
4647 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4648 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4649 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4650 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4651 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4652 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4653 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4654 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4655 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,const Expr*,int);
4656 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,const ExprList*,int);
4657 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,const SrcList*,int);
4658 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,const IdList*);
4659 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,const Select*,int);
4660 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4661 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4662 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4663 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4664 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4665 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4666 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4667 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4668 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4669 With *sqlite3WithDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p);
4670 
4671 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4672 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4673 #endif
4674 
4675 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4676   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4677                            Expr*,int, int);
4678   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4679   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4680   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4681   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4682   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4683   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4684                             int, int, int);
4685   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4686   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4687   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4688   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4689                                         const char*,const char*);
4690   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4691                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4692                                         const char*,const char*);
4693   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,
4694                                         Expr*, u8, const char*,const char*);
4695   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4696                                         const char*,const char*);
4697   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4698   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4699   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4700   SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(Parse*, TriggerStep*);
4701 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4702 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4703 #else
4704 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4705 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4706 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4707 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4708 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4709 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4710 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4711 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4712 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4713 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4714 # define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
4715 #endif
4716 
4717 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4718 int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol);
4719 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
4720 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4721 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4722 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4723   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4724   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4725   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4726   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4727   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4728 #else
4729 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4730 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4731 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4732 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4733 #endif
4734 int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName);
4735 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4736 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4737 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4738 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4739 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4740 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4741 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4742 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4743 void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
4744 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4745 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4746 int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
4747 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4748 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4749 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4750 #endif
4751 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4752 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4753 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4754 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4755 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4756 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4757 #endif
4758 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4759     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
4760     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4761 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4762 #endif
4763 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4764 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4765 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4766 
4767 /*
4768 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4769 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4770 ** file.
4771 */
4772 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4773 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4774 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4775 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4776 
4777 /*
4778 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4779 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4780 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4781 */
4782 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4783   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4784 #define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
4785   B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
4786 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4787   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4788   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4789 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4790 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4791 
4792 
4793 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4794 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4795 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4796 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4797 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(const Table*,int);
4798 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
4799 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4800 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4801 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4802 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4803 void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3*);
4804 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4805 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4806 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4807 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4808 
4809 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4810 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4811 #endif
4812 
4813 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
4814 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4815 #endif
4816 
4817 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4818 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4819 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4820 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4821 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4822 void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
4823 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4824 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4825 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*);
4826 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(const Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4827 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(const Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4828 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4829 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
4830 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4831 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4832 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4833 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, i64);
4834 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4835 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4836 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4837 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4838 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4839 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4840 #else
4841 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4842 #endif
4843 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4844 
4845 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4846 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4847 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4848                         void(*)(void*));
4849 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4850 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4851 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4852 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4853 #endif
4854 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4855 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4856 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4857 #endif
4858 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, const Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4859 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4860 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4861 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4862 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4863 extern const unsigned char sqlite3StdTypeLen[];
4864 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[];
4865 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeMap[];
4866 extern const char *sqlite3StdType[];
4867 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4868 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aLTb;
4869 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aEQb;
4870 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aGTb;
4871 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4872 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4873 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4874 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4875 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4876 #endif
4877 #endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
4878 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4879 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4880 #endif
4881 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, Pgno, Pgno);
4882 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4883 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4884 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4885 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4886 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4887 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4888 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4889 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4890 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4891 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4892 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, SrcItem*);
4893 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4894 int sqlite3MatchEName(
4895   const struct ExprList_item*,
4896   const char*,
4897   const char*,
4898   const char*
4899 );
4900 Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
4901 u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
4902 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4903 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4904 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4905 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4906 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4907 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4908 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4909 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4910 void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, const Token*);
4911 const void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, const void*, const Token*);
4912 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, const void *pTo, const void *pFrom);
4913 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4914 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4915 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4916 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4917 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4918 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4919 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4920 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4921 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4922 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4923 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4924 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4925 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4926 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4927 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4928 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4929 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4930 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4931 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4932 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4933 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4934 const char *sqlite3SelectOpName(int);
4935 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4936 
4937 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4938 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4939 #endif
4940 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4941   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4942   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4943   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4944   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4945   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4946   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4947 );
4948 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4949 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4950 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4951 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4952 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4953 
4954 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4955 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4956 void sqlite3StrAccumSetError(StrAccum*, u8);
4957 void sqlite3ResultStrAccum(sqlite3_context*,StrAccum*);
4958 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4959 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4960 
4961 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4962 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4963 
4964 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4965 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4966 #else
4967 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4968 #endif
4969 
4970 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
4971 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4972     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4973 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4974 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4975 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4976 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4977 #endif
4978 
4979 /*
4980 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4981 */
4982 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4983   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4984   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4985 #endif
4986 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4987 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4988 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4989   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4990 #endif
4991 
4992 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4993 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4994   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4995 #else
4996 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4997 #endif
4998 
4999 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
5000   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, Pgno, u8, const char *);
5001 #else
5002   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
5003 #endif
5004 
5005 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
5006   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
5007 #endif
5008 
5009 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5010 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(D,T)
5011 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
5012 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
5013 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
5014 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
5015 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
5016 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
5017 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
5018 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
5019 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
5020 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
5021 #else
5022    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
5023    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
5024    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
5025    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
5026    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
5027    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
5028    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
5029    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
5030    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
5031    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
5032    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
5033    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
5034    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
5035      sqlite3*,
5036      const char*,
5037      const sqlite3_module*,
5038      void*,
5039      void(*)(void*)
5040    );
5041 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
5042 #endif
5043 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
5044 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5045   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
5046   int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3*,Table*,const char*);
5047 #else
5048 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
5049 # define sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(A,B,C) 0
5050 #endif
5051 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
5052 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
5053 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
5054 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
5055 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
5056 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
5057 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
5058 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
5059 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
5060 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
5061 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
5062 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
5063 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
5064 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
5065 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
5066 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
5067 void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
5068 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
5069 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
5070 #endif
5071 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
5072 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
5073 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
5074 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
5075 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
5076 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
5077 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
5078   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
5079   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
5080 #endif
5081 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
5082   Cte *sqlite3CteNew(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,u8);
5083   void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3*,Cte*);
5084   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Cte*);
5085   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
5086   With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
5087 #else
5088 # define sqlite3CteNew(P,T,E,S)   ((void*)0)
5089 # define sqlite3CteDelete(D,C)
5090 # define sqlite3CteWithAdd(P,W,C) ((void*)0)
5091 # define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
5092 # define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
5093 #endif
5094 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
5095   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
5096   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5097   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5098   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
5099   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
5100   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);
5101   int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert*);
5102 #else
5103 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(u,v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
5104 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
5105 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)         ((Upsert*)0)
5106 #define sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(x,y)     ((Upsert*)0)
5107 #define sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(x)     0
5108 #endif
5109 
5110 
5111 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
5112 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
5113 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
5114 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
5115 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
5116 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
5117 */
5118 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
5119   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
5120   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
5121   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
5122   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
5123   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
5124   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
5125 #else
5126   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5127   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5128   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
5129   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
5130   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
5131   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
5132 #endif
5133 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
5134   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
5135   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
5136 #else
5137   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
5138   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
5139 #endif
5140 
5141 
5142 /*
5143 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
5144 */
5145 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
5146 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
5147 
5148 /*
5149 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
5150 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5151 ** is not defined.
5152 */
5153 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5154   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
5155   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
5156 #else
5157   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
5158   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
5159 #endif
5160 
5161 /*
5162 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
5163 */
5164 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
5165 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
5166 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
5167 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
5168 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
5169 /*
5170 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
5171 */
5172 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
5173 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
5174 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
5175 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
5176 
5177 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
5178 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
5179 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
5180  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
5181   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
5182 #endif
5183 
5184 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
5185 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
5186 
5187 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
5188 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
5189   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(const Select *);
5190   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
5191 #else
5192   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
5193   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
5194 #endif
5195 
5196 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
5197 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
5198 
5199 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
5200   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
5201   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
5202   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
5203 #else
5204   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
5205   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
5206   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
5207 #endif
5208 
5209 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
5210   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
5211 #endif
5212 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
5213   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
5214 #endif
5215 
5216 /*
5217 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
5218 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
5219 ** print I/O tracing messages.
5220 */
5221 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
5222 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
5223   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
5224 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
5225 #else
5226 # define IOTRACE(A)
5227 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
5228 #endif
5229 
5230 /*
5231 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
5232 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
5233 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
5234 **
5235 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
5236 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
5237 ** a single bit set.
5238 **
5239 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
5240 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5241 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
5242 **
5243 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
5244 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5245 **
5246 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
5247 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
5248 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
5249 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
5250 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
5251 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
5252 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
5253 ** this constraint.
5254 **
5255 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
5256 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
5257 */
5258 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
5259   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
5260   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(const void*,u8);
5261   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(const void*,u8);
5262 #else
5263 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
5264 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
5265 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
5266 #endif
5267 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
5268 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
5269 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
5270 
5271 /*
5272 ** Threading interface
5273 */
5274 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
5275 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
5276 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
5277 #endif
5278 
5279 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5280 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
5281 #endif
5282 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5283 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
5284 #endif
5285 
5286 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(const Expr *pExpr);
5287 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(const Expr *pExpr);
5288 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
5289 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int,int);
5290 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
5291 
5292 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
5293 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
5294 #endif
5295 
5296 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
5297