xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 29368eab)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /* Needed for various definitions... */
123 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
124 # define _GNU_SOURCE
125 #endif
126 
127 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
128 # define _BSD_SOURCE
129 #endif
130 
131 /*
132 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
133 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
134 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
135 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
136 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
137 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
138 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
139 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
140 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
141 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
142 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
143 ** disabled.
144 */
145 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
146 # include "mingw.h"
147 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
148 # include "_mingw.h"
149 #endif
150 
151 /*
152 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
153 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
154 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
155 */
156 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
157     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
158     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
159     defined(__MSVCRT__)
160 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
161 #endif
162 
163 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
164 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
165 ** MinGW.
166 */
167 #include "sqlite3.h"
168 
169 /*
170 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
171 ** autoconf-based build
172 */
173 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
174 #include "config.h"
175 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
176 #endif
177 
178 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
179 
180 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
181 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
182 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
183 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
184 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
185 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
186 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190 ** Include standard header files as necessary
191 */
192 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
193 #include <stdint.h>
194 #endif
195 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
196 #include <inttypes.h>
197 #endif
198 
199 /*
200 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
201 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
202 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
203 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
204 **
205 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
206 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
207 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
208 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
209 **
210 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
211 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
212 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
213 ** compiler.
214 */
215 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
216 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
217 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
218 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
219 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
220 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
221 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
222 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
223 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
224 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
225 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
226 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
227 #endif
228 
229 /*
230 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
231 ** inlined.
232 */
233 #if defined(__GNUC__)
234 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
235 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
236 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
237 #else
238 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
239 #endif
240 
241 /*
242 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
243 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
244 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
245 */
246 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
247 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
248 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
249 #      include <intrin.h>
250 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
251 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
252 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
253 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
254 #    else
255 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
256 #    endif
257 #  endif
258 #endif
259 
260 /*
261 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
262 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
263 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
264 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
265 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
266 ** database connection at the same time.
267 **
268 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
269 ** We support that for legacy.
270 **
271 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
272 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
273 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
274 ** also be updated there.
275 */
276 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
277 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
278 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
279 # else
280 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
281 # endif
282 #endif
283 
284 /*
285 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
286 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
287 */
288 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
289 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
290 #endif
291 
292 /*
293 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
294 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
295 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
296 */
297 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
298 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
299 #endif
300 
301 /*
302 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
303 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
304 **
305 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
306 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
307 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
308 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
309 **
310 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
311 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
312 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
313 ** assertion will be triggered.
314 **
315 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
316 ** the default.
317 */
318 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
319   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
320   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
321   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
322 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
323  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
324  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
325  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
326 #endif
327 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
328   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
329   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
330   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
331 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
332 #endif
333 
334 /*
335 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
336 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
337 */
338 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
339 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
340 #endif
341 
342 /*
343 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
344 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
345 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
346 ** it.
347 */
348 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
349 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
350 #endif
351 
352 /*
353 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
354 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
355 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
356 **
357 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
358 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
359 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
360 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
361 ** feature.
362 */
363 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
364 # define NDEBUG 1
365 #endif
366 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
367 # undef NDEBUG
368 #endif
369 
370 /*
371 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
372 */
373 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
374 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
375 #endif
376 
377 /*
378 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
379 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
380 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
381 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
382 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
383 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
384 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
385 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
386 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
387 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
388 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
389 **
390 */
391 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
392   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
393 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
394 #else
395 # define testcase(X)
396 #endif
397 
398 /*
399 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
400 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
401 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
402 */
403 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
404 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
405 #else
406 # define TESTONLY(X)
407 #endif
408 
409 /*
410 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
411 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
412 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
413 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
414 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
415 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
416 */
417 #ifndef NDEBUG
418 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
419 #else
420 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
421 #endif
422 
423 /*
424 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
425 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
426 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
427 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
428 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
429 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
430 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
431 **
432 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
433 **
434 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
435 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
436 ** not be counted as untested code.
437 */
438 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
439 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
440 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
441 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
442 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
443 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
444 #else
445 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
446 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
447 #endif
448 
449 /*
450 ** The harmless(X) macro indicates that expression X is usually false
451 ** but can be true without causing any problems, but we don't know of
452 ** any way to cause X to be true.
453 **
454 ** In debugging and testing builds, this macro will abort if X is ever
455 ** true.  In this way, developers are alerted to a possible test case
456 ** that causes X to be true.  If a harmless macro ever fails, that is
457 ** an opportunity to change the macro into a testcase() and add a new
458 ** test case to the test suite.
459 **
460 ** For normal production builds, harmless(X) is a no-op, since it does
461 ** not matter whether expression X is true or false.
462 */
463 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
464 # define harmless(X)  assert(!(X));
465 #else
466 # define harmless(X)
467 #endif
468 
469 /*
470 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
471 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
472 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
473 **
474 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
475 */
476 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
477 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
478 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
479 #else
480 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
481 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
482 #endif
483 
484 /*
485 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
486 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
487 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
488 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
489 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
490 */
491 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
492 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
493 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
494 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
495 #else
496 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
497 #endif
498 
499 /*
500 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
501 */
502 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
503     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
504   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
505 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
506 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
507 #else
508 # define OSTRACE(X)
509 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
510 #endif
511 
512 /*
513 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
514 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
515 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
516 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
517 */
518 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
519     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
520 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
521 #else
522 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
523 #endif
524 
525 /*
526 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
527 */
528 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
529 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
530 #endif
531 
532 /*
533 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
534 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
535 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
536 */
537 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
538 
539 /*
540 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
541 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
542 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
543 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
544 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
545 */
546 #define likely(X)    (X)
547 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
548 
549 #include "hash.h"
550 #include "parse.h"
551 #include <stdio.h>
552 #include <stdlib.h>
553 #include <string.h>
554 #include <assert.h>
555 #include <stddef.h>
556 
557 /*
558 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
559 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
560 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
561 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
562 ** hack only.
563 */
564 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
565 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
566                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
567 #endif
568 
569 /*
570 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
571 ** substitute integer for floating-point
572 */
573 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
574 # define double sqlite_int64
575 # define float sqlite_int64
576 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
577 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
578 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
579 # endif
580 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
581 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
582 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
583 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
584 #endif
585 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
586 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
587 #endif
588 
589 /*
590 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
591 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
592 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
593 */
594 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
595 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
596 #else
597 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
598 #endif
599 
600 /*
601 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
602 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
603 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
604 ** that the library can read.
605 */
606 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
607 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
608 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
609 #endif
610 
611 /*
612 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
613 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
614 */
615 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
616 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
617 #endif
618 
619 /*
620 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
621 ** on the command-line
622 */
623 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
624 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
625 #endif
626 
627 /*
628 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
629 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
630 ** to zero.
631 */
632 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
633 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
634 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
635 #endif
636 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
637 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
638 #endif
639 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
640 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
641 #endif
642 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
643 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
644 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
645 #endif
646 
647 /*
648 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
649 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
650 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
651 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
652 **
653 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
654 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
655 */
656 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
657 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
658 #endif
659 
660 /*
661 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
662 */
663 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
664 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
665 #endif
666 
667 /*
668 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
669 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
670 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
671 */
672 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
673 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
674 #endif
675 
676 /*
677 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
678 ** ourselves.
679 */
680 #ifndef offsetof
681 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
682 #endif
683 
684 /*
685 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
686 */
687 #ifndef MIN
688 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
689 #endif
690 #ifndef MAX
691 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
692 #endif
693 
694 /*
695 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
696 */
697 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
698 
699 /*
700 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
701 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
702 */
703 #if 'A' == '\301'
704 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
705 #else
706 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
707 #endif
708 
709 /*
710 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
711 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
712 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
713 **
714 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
715 */
716 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
717 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
718 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
719 # else
720 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
721 # endif
722 #endif
723 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
724 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
725 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
726 # else
727 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
728 # endif
729 #endif
730 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
731 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
732 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
733 # else
734 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
735 # endif
736 #endif
737 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
738 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
739 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
740 # else
741 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
742 # endif
743 #endif
744 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
745 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
746 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
747 # else
748 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
749 # endif
750 #endif
751 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
752 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
753 #endif
754 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
755 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
756 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
757 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
758 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
759 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
760 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
761 
762 /*
763 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
764 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
765 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
766 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
767 */
768 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
769 
770 /*
771 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
772 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
773 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
774 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
775 */
776 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
777  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
778 #else
779  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
780 #endif
781 
782 /*
783 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
784 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
785 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
786 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
787 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
788 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
789 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
790 **
791 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
792 **
793 ** Examples:
794 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
795 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
796 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
797 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
798 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
799 **
800 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
801 ** Examples:
802 **
803 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
804 */
805 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
806 
807 /*
808 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
809 */
810 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
811 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
812 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
813 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
814        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
815       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
816 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
817 # else
818 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
819 # endif
820 #endif
821 
822 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
823 */
824 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
825   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
826 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
827   typedef u32 uptr;
828 #else
829   typedef u64 uptr;
830 #endif
831 
832 /*
833 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
834 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
835 **
836 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
837 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
838 ** contained within the buffer S.
839 */
840 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
841 
842 
843 /*
844 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
845 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
846 **
847 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
848 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
849 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
850 ** at run-time.
851 */
852 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
853 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
854      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
855      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
856      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
857 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
858 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
859        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
860 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
861 # else
862 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
863 # endif
864 #endif
865 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
866 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
867 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
868 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
869 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
870 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
871 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
872 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
873 #else
874 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
875   const int sqlite3one = 1;
876 # else
877   extern const int sqlite3one;
878 # endif
879 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
880 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
881 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
882 #endif
883 
884 /*
885 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
886 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
887 ** compilers.
888 */
889 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
890 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
891 
892 /*
893 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
894 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
895 */
896 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
897 
898 /*
899 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
900 */
901 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
902 
903 /*
904 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
905 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
906 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
907 **
908 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
909 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
910 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
911 */
912 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
913 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
914 #else
915 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
916 #endif
917 
918 /*
919 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
920 */
921 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
922 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
923 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
924 #endif
925 
926 /*
927 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
928 */
929 #ifdef __APPLE__
930 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
931 #endif
932 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
933 # if defined(__linux__) \
934   || defined(_WIN32) \
935   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
936   || defined(__sun) \
937   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
938   || defined(__DragonFly__)
939 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
940 # else
941 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
942 # endif
943 #endif
944 
945 /*
946 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
947 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
948 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
949 */
950 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
951 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
952 #endif
953 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
954 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
955 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
956 #endif
957 
958 /*
959 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
960 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
961 */
962 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
963 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
964 #else
965 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
966 #endif
967 
968 /*
969 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
970 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
971 **
972 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
973 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
974 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
975 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
976 */
977 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
978 struct BusyHandler {
979   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
980   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
981   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
982   u8 bExtraFileArg;                 /* Include sqlite3_file as callback arg */
983 };
984 
985 /*
986 ** Name of the master database table.  The master database table
987 ** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
988 ** user tables and indices.
989 */
990 #define MASTER_NAME       "sqlite_master"
991 #define TEMP_MASTER_NAME  "sqlite_temp_master"
992 
993 /*
994 ** The root-page of the master database table.
995 */
996 #define MASTER_ROOT       1
997 
998 /*
999 ** The name of the schema table.
1000 */
1001 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x)  ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
1002 
1003 /*
1004 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1005 ** an array.
1006 */
1007 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1008 
1009 /*
1010 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1011 */
1012 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1013 
1014 /*
1015 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1016 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1017 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1018 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1019 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1020 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1021 */
1022 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3MallocSize)
1023 
1024 /*
1025 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1026 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1027 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1028 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1029 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1030 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1031 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1032 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1033 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1034 **
1035 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1036 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1037 */
1038 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1039   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1040   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1041   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1042   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1043   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1044 #else
1045   #define SQLITE_WSD
1046   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1047   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1048 #endif
1049 
1050 /*
1051 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1052 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1053 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1054 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1055 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1056 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1057 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1058 **
1059 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1060 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1061 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1062 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1063 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1064 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1065 */
1066 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1067 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1068 
1069 /*
1070 ** Forward references to structures
1071 */
1072 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1073 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1074 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1075 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1076 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1077 typedef struct Column Column;
1078 typedef struct Db Db;
1079 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1080 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1081 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1082 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1083 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1084 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1085 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1086 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1087 typedef struct Index Index;
1088 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1089 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1090 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1091 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1092 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1093 typedef struct Module Module;
1094 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1095 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1096 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1097 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1098 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1099 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1100 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1101 typedef struct Select Select;
1102 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1103 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1104 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1105 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1106 typedef struct Table Table;
1107 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1108 typedef struct Token Token;
1109 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1110 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1111 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1112 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1113 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1114 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1115 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1116 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1117 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1118 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1119 typedef struct Window Window;
1120 typedef struct With With;
1121 
1122 
1123 /*
1124 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1125 **
1126 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1127 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1128 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1129 */
1130 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1131   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1132 #else
1133   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1134 #endif
1135 
1136 /*
1137 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1138 */
1139 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1140 
1141 /*
1142 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1143 */
1144 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1145 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1146 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1147 
1148 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1149 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1150 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1151 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1152 ** just an array of integers.
1153 */
1154 typedef int VList;
1155 
1156 /*
1157 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1158 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1159 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1160 */
1161 #include "btree.h"
1162 #include "vdbe.h"
1163 #include "pager.h"
1164 #include "pcache.h"
1165 #include "os.h"
1166 #include "mutex.h"
1167 
1168 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1169 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1170 */
1171 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1172 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1173 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1174 #endif
1175 
1176 /*
1177 ** Default synchronous levels.
1178 **
1179 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1180 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1181 **
1182 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1183 **   OFF           1                         0
1184 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1185 **   FULL          3                         2
1186 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1187 **
1188 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1189 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1190 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1191 */
1192 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1193 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1194 #endif
1195 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1196 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1197 #endif
1198 
1199 /*
1200 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1201 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1202 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1203 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1204 ** databases may be attached.
1205 */
1206 struct Db {
1207   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1208   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1209   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1210   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1211   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1212 };
1213 
1214 /*
1215 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1216 **
1217 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1218 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1219 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1220 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1221 **
1222 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1223 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1224 ** sqlite3_close().
1225 *
1226 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1227 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1228 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1229 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1230 */
1231 struct Schema {
1232   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1233   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1234   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1235   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1236   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1237   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1238   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1239   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1240   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1241   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1242   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1243 };
1244 
1245 /*
1246 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1247 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1248 */
1249 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1250 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1251 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1252 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1253 
1254 /*
1255 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1256 **
1257 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1258 ** read into internal hash tables.
1259 **
1260 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1261 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1262 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1263 */
1264 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1265 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1266 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
1267 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1268 
1269 /*
1270 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1271 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1272 */
1273 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1274 
1275 /*
1276 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1277 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1278 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1279 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1280 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1281 ** SQL statements.
1282 **
1283 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1284 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1285 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1286 ** objects.
1287 **
1288 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1289 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1290 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1291 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1292 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1293 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1294 **
1295 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1296 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1297 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1298 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1299 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1300 */
1301 struct Lookaside {
1302   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1303   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1304   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1305   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1306   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1307   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1308   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1309   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1310   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1311   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1312 };
1313 struct LookasideSlot {
1314   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1315 };
1316 
1317 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1318 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1319    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1320 
1321 /*
1322 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1323 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1324 **
1325 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1326 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1327 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1328 */
1329 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1330 struct FuncDefHash {
1331   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1332 };
1333 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1334 
1335 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1336 /*
1337 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1338 ** to manage user authentication.
1339 */
1340 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1341 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1342   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1343   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1344   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1345   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1346 };
1347 
1348 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1349 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1350 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1351 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1352 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1353 
1354 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1355 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1356 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1357 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1358 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1359 
1360 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1361 
1362 /*
1363 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1364 */
1365 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1366   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1367                                const char*, const char*);
1368 #else
1369   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1370                                const char*);
1371 #endif
1372 
1373 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1374 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1375 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1376 */
1377 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1378 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1379 #else
1380 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1381 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1382 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1383 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1384 
1385 
1386 /*
1387 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1388 */
1389 struct sqlite3 {
1390   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1391   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1392   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* The default collating sequence (BINARY) */
1393   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1394   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1395   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1396   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1397   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1398   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1399   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1400   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1401   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1402   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1403   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1404   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1405   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1406   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1407   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1408   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1409   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1410   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1411   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1412   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1413   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1414   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1415   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1416   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1417   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1418   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1419   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1420   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1421   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1422   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1423   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1424   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1425   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1426     int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1427     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1428     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1429     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1430     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1431     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1432     char **azInit;              /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1433   } init;
1434   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1435   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1436   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1437   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1438   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1439   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1440   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1441   int (*xTrace)(u32,void*,void*,void*);     /* Trace function */
1442   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1443 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1444   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1445   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1446 #endif
1447   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1448   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1449   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1450   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1451   void *pUpdateArg;
1452   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1453   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1454 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1455   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1456   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1457     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1458   );
1459   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1460 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1461 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1462   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1463   void *pWalArg;
1464 #endif
1465   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1466   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1467   void *pCollNeededArg;
1468   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1469   union {
1470     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1471     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1472   } u1;
1473   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1474 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1475   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1476   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1477 #endif
1478 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1479   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1480   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1481   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1482 #endif
1483 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1484   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1485   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1486   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1487   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1488   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1489 #endif
1490   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1491   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1492   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1493   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1494   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1495   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1496   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1497   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1498   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1499   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1500   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1501 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1502   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER
1503   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1504   **
1505   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1506   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1507   **
1508   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1509   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1510   ** held by Y.
1511   */
1512   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1513   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1514   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1515   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1516   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1517 #endif
1518 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1519   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1520 #endif
1521 };
1522 
1523 /*
1524 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1525 */
1526 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1527 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1528 
1529 /*
1530 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1531 **
1532 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1533 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1534 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1535 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1536 */
1537 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
1538 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1539 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1540 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1541 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1542 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1543 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1544 #define SQLITE_CountRows      0x00000080  /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1545                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1546                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1547 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1548                                           /*   result set is empty */
1549 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1550 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1551 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1552 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1553 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1554 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1555 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1556 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1557 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1558 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1559 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1560 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1561 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1562 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1563 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1564 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1565 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1566 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1567 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1568 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1569 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1570 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1571 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1572 
1573 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1574 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1575 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1576 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1577 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1578 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1579 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1580 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1581 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1582 #endif
1583 
1584 /*
1585 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1586 */
1587 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1588 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1589 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1590 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1591 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1592 
1593 /*
1594 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1595 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1596 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1597 */
1598 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1599 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x0002   /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1600 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1601 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1602 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1603 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
1604 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1605 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
1606 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1607 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
1608 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1609 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x0800   /* Use STAT4 data */
1610    /* TH3 expects the Stat4   ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
1611 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x1000   /* The push-down optimization */
1612 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x2000   /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1613 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x4000   /* Skip-scans */
1614 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x8000   /* The constant propagation opt */
1615 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1616 
1617 /*
1618 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1619 */
1620 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1621 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1622 
1623 /*
1624 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1625 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1626 */
1627 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1628 
1629 /*
1630 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1631 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1632 ** than being distinct from one another.
1633 */
1634 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1635 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1636 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1637 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1638 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1639 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1640 
1641 /*
1642 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1643 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1644 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1645 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1646 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1647 **
1648 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1649 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1650 */
1651 struct FuncDef {
1652   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1653   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1654   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1655   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1656   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1657   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1658   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1659   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1660   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1661   union {
1662     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1663     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1664   } u;
1665 };
1666 
1667 /*
1668 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1669 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1670 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1671 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1672 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1673 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1674 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1675 ** FuncDestructor.
1676 **
1677 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1678 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1679 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1680 */
1681 struct FuncDestructor {
1682   int nRef;
1683   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1684   void *pUserData;
1685 };
1686 
1687 /*
1688 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1689 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1690 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1691 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1692 **
1693 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1694 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1695 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1696 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1697 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1698 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT    ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1699 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1700 */
1701 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1702 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1703 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1704 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1705 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1706 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1707 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1708 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1709 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x0200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
1710 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1711 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1712 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1713 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1714                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1715 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
1716 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1717 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1718 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1719 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1720 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1721 
1722 /*
1723 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1724 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1725 **
1726 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1727 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1728 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1729 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1730 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1731 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1732 **
1733 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1734 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1735 **
1736 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1737 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1738 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1739 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1740 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1741 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1742 **
1743 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1744 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1745 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1746 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1747 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1748 **
1749 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1750 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1751 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1752 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1753 **     FUNCTION().
1754 **
1755 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1756 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1757 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1758 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1759 **     FUNCTION().
1760 **
1761 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1762 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1763 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1764 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1765 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1766 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1767 **     parameter.
1768 */
1769 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1770   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1771    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1772 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1773   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1774    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1775 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1776   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1777    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1778 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1779   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1780    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1781 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1782   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1783    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1784 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1785   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1786    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1787 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1788   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1789    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1790 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1791   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1792    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1793 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1794   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1795    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1796 
1797 
1798 /*
1799 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1800 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1801 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1802 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1803 */
1804 struct Savepoint {
1805   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1806   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1807   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1808   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1809 };
1810 
1811 /*
1812 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1813 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1814 */
1815 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1816 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1817 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1818 
1819 
1820 /*
1821 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1822 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1823 ** hash table.
1824 */
1825 struct Module {
1826   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1827   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1828   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
1829   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1830   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1831   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1832 };
1833 
1834 /*
1835 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1836 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
1837 **
1838 ** Definitions:
1839 **
1840 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
1841 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
1842 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
1843 **
1844 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
1845 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
1846 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
1847 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
1848 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
1849 **                            columns to the left.
1850 */
1851 struct Column {
1852   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
1853   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value or GENERATED ALWAYS AS value */
1854   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
1855   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
1856   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
1857   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
1858   u16 colFlags;    /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
1859 };
1860 
1861 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
1862 */
1863 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
1864 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
1865 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
1866 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
1867 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
1868 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
1869 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
1870 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
1871 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
1872 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
1873 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
1874 
1875 /*
1876 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
1877 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
1878 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
1879 **
1880 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
1881 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
1882 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
1883 */
1884 struct CollSeq {
1885   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
1886   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
1887   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
1888   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
1889   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
1890 };
1891 
1892 /*
1893 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
1894 */
1895 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
1896 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
1897 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
1898 
1899 /*
1900 ** Column affinity types.
1901 **
1902 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
1903 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
1904 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
1905 **
1906 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
1907 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
1908 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
1909 **
1910 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
1911 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
1912 */
1913 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
1914 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
1915 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
1916 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
1917 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
1918 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
1919 
1920 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
1921 
1922 /*
1923 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
1924 ** affinity value.
1925 */
1926 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
1927 
1928 /*
1929 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
1930 ** changing the affinity.
1931 **
1932 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
1933 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
1934 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
1935 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
1936 */
1937 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
1938 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
1939 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
1940 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
1941 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
1942 
1943 /*
1944 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
1945 ** the database schema.
1946 **
1947 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
1948 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
1949 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
1950 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
1951 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
1952 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
1953 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
1954 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
1955 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
1956 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
1957 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
1958 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
1959 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
1960 **
1961 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
1962 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
1963 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
1964 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
1965 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
1966 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
1967 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
1968 **
1969 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
1970 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
1971 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
1972 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
1973 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
1974 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
1975 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
1976 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
1977 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
1978 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
1979 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
1980 **
1981 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
1982 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
1983 ** the first argument.
1984 */
1985 struct VTable {
1986   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
1987   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
1988   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
1989   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
1990   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
1991   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
1992   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
1993 };
1994 
1995 /*
1996 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
1997 ** by an instance of the following structure.
1998 */
1999 struct Table {
2000   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2001   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2002   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2003   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
2004   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2005   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2006   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2007                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2008   int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
2009   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2010   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2011   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2012   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2013   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2014   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2015   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2016 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2017   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2018 #endif
2019   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2020 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
2021   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2022 #endif
2023 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2024   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
2025   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2026   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
2027 #endif
2028   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
2029   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2030   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
2031 };
2032 
2033 /*
2034 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2035 **
2036 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2037 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2038 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2039 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2040 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2041 **
2042 ** Constraints:
2043 **
2044 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_Virtual
2045 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_Stored
2046 */
2047 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
2048 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
2049 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
2050 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2051 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2052 #define TF_HasVirtual      0x0020    /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2053 #define TF_HasStored       0x0040    /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2054 #define TF_HasGenerated    0x0060    /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2055 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0080    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2056 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
2057                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2058 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0200    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2059 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0400    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2060 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0800    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2061 #define TF_Shadow          0x1000    /* True for a shadow table */
2062 
2063 /*
2064 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2065 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2066 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2067 */
2068 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2069 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
2070 #else
2071 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2072 #endif
2073 
2074 /*
2075 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2076 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2077 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2078 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2079 */
2080 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2081 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2082 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2083 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2084 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2085 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2086 #else
2087 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2088 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2089 #endif
2090 
2091 
2092 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2093 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2094 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2095 
2096 /*
2097 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2098 **
2099 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2100 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2101 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2102 ** Consider this example:
2103 **
2104 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2105 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2106 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2107 **     );
2108 **
2109 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2110 ** Equivalent names:
2111 **
2112 **     from-table == child-table
2113 **       to-table == parent-table
2114 **
2115 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2116 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2117 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2118 **
2119 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2120 **
2121 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2122 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2123 */
2124 struct FKey {
2125   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2126   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2127   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2128   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2129   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2130   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2131   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2132   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2133   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2134   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2135   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2136     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2137     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2138   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2139 };
2140 
2141 /*
2142 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2143 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2144 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2145 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2146 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2147 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2148 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2149 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2150 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2151 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2152 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2153 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2154 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2155 **
2156 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2157 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2158 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2159 ** key is set to NULL.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2160 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2161 ** foreign key.
2162 **
2163 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2164 ** of action to take.
2165 */
2166 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2167 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2168 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2169 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2170 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2171 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2172 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2173 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2174 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2175 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2176 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2177 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2178 
2179 
2180 /*
2181 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2182 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2183 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2184 **
2185 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2186 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2187 ** for the rowid at the end.
2188 */
2189 struct KeyInfo {
2190   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2191   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2192   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2193   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2194   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2195   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2196   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2197 };
2198 
2199 /*
2200 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2201 */
2202 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2203 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2204 
2205 /*
2206 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2207 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2208 **
2209 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2210 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2211 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2212 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2213 ** OP_Column opcode.
2214 **
2215 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2216 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2217 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2218 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2219 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2220 **
2221 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2222 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2223 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2224 ** is in DESC order.
2225 **
2226 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2227 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2228 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2229 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2230 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2231 ** find the first match.
2232 **
2233 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2234 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2235 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2236 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2237 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2238 ** b-tree.
2239 */
2240 struct UnpackedRecord {
2241   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2242   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2243   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2244   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2245   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2246   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2247   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2248   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2249 };
2250 
2251 
2252 /*
2253 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2254 ** instance of the following structure.
2255 **
2256 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2257 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2258 ** we have the following table and index:
2259 **
2260 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2261 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2262 **
2263 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2264 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2265 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2266 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2267 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2268 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2269 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2270 **
2271 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2272 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2273 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2274 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2275 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2276 ** element.
2277 **
2278 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2279 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_master
2280 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2281 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2282 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2283 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2284 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2285 */
2286 struct Index {
2287   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2288   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2289   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2290   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2291   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2292   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2293   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2294   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2295   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2296   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2297   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2298   int tnum;                /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2299   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2300   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2301   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2302   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2303   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2304   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2305   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2306   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2307   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2308   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2309   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2310   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2311   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2312   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2313 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2314   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2315   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2316   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2317   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2318   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2319   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2320 #endif
2321   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2322 };
2323 
2324 /*
2325 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2326 */
2327 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2328 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2329 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2330 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2331 
2332 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2333 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2334 
2335 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2336 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2337 
2338 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2339 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2340 */
2341 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2342 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2343 
2344 /*
2345 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2346 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2347 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2348 */
2349 struct IndexSample {
2350   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2351   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2352   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2353   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2354   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2355 };
2356 
2357 /*
2358 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2359 */
2360 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2361 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2362 
2363 /*
2364 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2365 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2366 **
2367 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2368 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2369 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2370 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2371 ** static string.
2372 */
2373 struct Token {
2374   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2375   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2376 };
2377 
2378 /*
2379 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2380 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2381 **
2382 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2383 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iColumn field is the index in
2384 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2385 ** code for that node.
2386 **
2387 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2388 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2389 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2390 */
2391 struct AggInfo {
2392   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2393                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2394   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2395                           ** than the source table */
2396   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2397   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2398   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2399   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2400   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2401   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2402     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2403     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2404     int iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2405     int iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2406     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2407     Expr *pExpr;             /* The original expression */
2408   } *aCol;
2409   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2410   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2411                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2412                           ** aggregate functions */
2413   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2414     Expr *pExpr;             /* Expression encoding the function */
2415     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2416     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2417     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2418   } *aFunc;
2419   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2420 };
2421 
2422 /*
2423 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2424 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2425 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2426 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2427 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2428 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2429 ** to have prepared statements with over 32767 variables, and for them
2430 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2431 */
2432 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<=32767
2433 typedef i16 ynVar;
2434 #else
2435 typedef int ynVar;
2436 #endif
2437 
2438 /*
2439 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2440 ** of this structure.
2441 **
2442 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2443 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2444 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2445 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2446 ** tree.
2447 **
2448 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2449 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2450 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2451 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2452 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2453 **
2454 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2455 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2456 **
2457 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2458 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2459 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2460 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2461 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2462 ** valid.
2463 **
2464 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2465 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2466 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2467 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2468 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2469 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2470 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2471 **
2472 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2473 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2474 ** number for that variable.
2475 **
2476 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2477 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2478 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2479 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2480 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2481 **
2482 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2483 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2484 ** corresponding table definition.
2485 **
2486 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2487 **
2488 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2489 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2490 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2491 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2492 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2493 **
2494 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2495 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2496 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2497 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2498 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2499 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2500 */
2501 struct Expr {
2502   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2503   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2504   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2505                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2506                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2507                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2508   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2509   union {
2510     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2511     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2512   } u;
2513 
2514   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2515   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2516   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2517   *********************************************************************/
2518 
2519   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2520   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2521   union {
2522     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2523     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2524   } x;
2525 
2526   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2527   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2528   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2529   *********************************************************************/
2530 
2531 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2532   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2533 #endif
2534   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2535                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2536                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2537                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2538                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2539                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2540                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2541   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2542                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2543                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2544   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2545   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2546   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2547   union {
2548     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2549                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2550     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2551     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2552       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2553       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2554     } sub;
2555   } y;
2556 };
2557 
2558 /*
2559 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2560 ** Value restrictions:
2561 **
2562 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2563 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2564 */
2565 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2566 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2567 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2568 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2569 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2570 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2571 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2572 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2573 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2574 #define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2575 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2576 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2577 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2578 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2579 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2580 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2581 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2582 #define EP_NoReduce   0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2583 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2584 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2585 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2586 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2587 #define EP_Alias      0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2588 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2589 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2590 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2591 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2592 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2593 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2594 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2595 #define EP_Indirect 0x40000000 /* Contained within a TRIGGER or a VIEW */
2596 
2597 /*
2598 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2599 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2600 */
2601 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2602 
2603 /*
2604 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2605 ** Expr.flags field.
2606 */
2607 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2608 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2609 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2610 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2611 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2612 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2613 
2614 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2615 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2616 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2617 */
2618 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2619 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)  (E)->flags|=(P)
2620 #else
2621 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2622 #endif
2623 
2624 /*
2625 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2626 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2627 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2628 */
2629 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2630 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2631 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2632 
2633 /*
2634 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2635 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2636 */
2637 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2638 
2639 /*
2640 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2641 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2642 */
2643 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2644 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2645 #else
2646 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2647     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2648  )
2649 #endif
2650 
2651 /*
2652 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2653 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2654 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2655 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2656 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2657 ** field is not used.
2658 **
2659 ** By default the Expr.zSpan field holds a human-readable description of
2660 ** the expression that is used in the generation of error messages and
2661 ** column labels.  In this case, Expr.zSpan is typically the text of a
2662 ** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
2663 ** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
2664 ** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
2665 ** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
2666 */
2667 struct ExprList {
2668   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2669   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2670     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2671     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
2672     char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
2673     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2674     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2675     unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
2676     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2677     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2678     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2679     union {
2680       struct {
2681         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2682         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2683       } x;
2684       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2685     } u;
2686   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2687 };
2688 
2689 /*
2690 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2691 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2692 **
2693 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2694 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2695 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2696 **
2697 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2698 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2699 **
2700 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2701 **
2702 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2703 */
2704 struct IdList {
2705   struct IdList_item {
2706     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2707     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2708   } *a;
2709   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2710 };
2711 
2712 /*
2713 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2714 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2715 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2716 **
2717 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2718 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2719 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2720 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2721 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2722 **
2723 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2724 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2725 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2726 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2727 **
2728 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2729 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2730 */
2731 struct SrcList {
2732   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2733   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2734   struct SrcList_item {
2735     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2736     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2737     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2738     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2739     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2740     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2741     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2742     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2743     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2744     struct {
2745       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2746       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2747       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2748       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2749       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2750       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2751       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2752     } fg;
2753     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2754     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2755     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2756     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2757     union {
2758       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2759       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2760     } u1;
2761     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2762   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2763 };
2764 
2765 /*
2766 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2767 */
2768 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2769 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2770 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2771 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2772 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2773 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2774 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2775 
2776 
2777 /*
2778 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2779 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2780 **
2781 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2782 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2783 */
2784 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2785 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2786 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2787 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2788 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2789 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2790 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2791                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2792 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2793 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2794 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2795 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2796 #define WHERE_SEEK_TABLE       0x0400 /* Do not defer seeks on main table */
2797 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2798 #define WHERE_SEEK_UNIQ_TABLE  0x1000 /* Do not defer seeks if unique */
2799                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2800 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
2801                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
2802 
2803 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
2804 */
2805 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
2806 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
2807 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
2808 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
2809 
2810 /*
2811 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
2812 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
2813 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
2814 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
2815 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
2816 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
2817 ** other statements.
2818 **
2819 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
2820 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
2821 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
2822 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
2823 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
2824 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
2825 **
2826 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
2827 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
2828 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
2829 ** subqueries looking for a match.
2830 */
2831 struct NameContext {
2832   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
2833   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
2834   union {
2835     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
2836     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
2837     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
2838   } uNC;
2839   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
2840   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
2841   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
2842   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
2843   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
2844 };
2845 
2846 /*
2847 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
2848 **
2849 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
2850 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg    == EP_Agg
2851 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2852 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
2853 **
2854 */
2855 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x00001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
2856 #define NC_PartIdx   0x00002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
2857 #define NC_IsCheck   0x00004  /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
2858 #define NC_GenCol    0x00008  /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
2859 #define NC_HasAgg    0x00010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
2860 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x00020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
2861 #define NC_SelfRef   0x0002e  /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
2862 #define NC_VarSelect 0x00040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
2863 #define NC_UEList    0x00080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
2864 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x00100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
2865 #define NC_UUpsert   0x00200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
2866 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x01000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
2867 #define NC_Complex   0x02000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
2868 #define NC_AllowWin  0x04000  /* Window functions are allowed here */
2869 #define NC_HasWin    0x08000  /* One or more window functions seen */
2870 #define NC_IsDDL     0x10000  /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
2871 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x20000  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
2872 
2873 /*
2874 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
2875 ** clause in an upsert.
2876 **
2877 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
2878 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
2879 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
2880 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
2881 **
2882 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
2883 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
2884 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
2885 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
2886 */
2887 struct Upsert {
2888   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflicting index */
2889   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
2890   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2891   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
2892   /* The fields above comprise the parse tree for the upsert clause.
2893   ** The fields below are used to transfer information from the INSERT
2894   ** processing down into the UPDATE processing while generating code.
2895   ** Upsert owns the memory allocated above, but not the memory below. */
2896   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* Constraint that pUpsertTarget identifies */
2897   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
2898   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
2899   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
2900   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
2901 };
2902 
2903 /*
2904 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
2905 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
2906 **
2907 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
2908 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
2909 **
2910 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
2911 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
2912 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
2913 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
2914 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
2915 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
2916 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
2917 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
2918 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
2919 */
2920 struct Select {
2921   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
2922   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
2923   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
2924   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
2925   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
2926   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
2927   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
2928   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
2929   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
2930   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
2931   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
2932   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
2933   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
2934   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
2935   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
2936   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
2937 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2938   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
2939   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
2940 #endif
2941 };
2942 
2943 /*
2944 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
2945 ** "Select Flag".
2946 **
2947 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
2948 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
2949 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
2950 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
2951 */
2952 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
2953 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
2954 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
2955 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
2956 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
2957 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
2958 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
2959 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
2960 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
2961 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
2962 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
2963 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
2964 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
2965 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
2966 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
2967 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2968 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
2969 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
2970 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
2971 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
2972 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
2973 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
2974 
2975 /*
2976 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
2977 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
2978 ** Type".
2979 **
2980 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
2981 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
2982 **
2983 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
2984 **
2985 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
2986 **                     set is not empty.
2987 **
2988 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
2989 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
2990 **                     the side-effects of functions.
2991 **
2992 ** All of the above are free to ignore their ORDER BY clause. Those that
2993 ** follow must honor the ORDER BY clause.
2994 **
2995 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
2996 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
2997 **
2998 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
2999 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3000 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3001 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3002 **
3003 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3004 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3005 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3006 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3007 **
3008 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3009 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3010 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3011 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3012 **                     the table first.
3013 **
3014 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3015 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3016 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3017 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3018 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3019 **
3020 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3021 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3022 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3023 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3024 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3025 **
3026 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3027 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3028 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3029 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3030 **
3031 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3032 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3033 **                     are distinct.
3034 **
3035 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3036 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3037 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3038 */
3039 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3040 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3041 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3042 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3043 #define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3044 #define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3045 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3046 #define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3047 
3048 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3049 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3050 
3051 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3052 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3053 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3054 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3055 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3056 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3057 
3058 /*
3059 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3060 ** a SELECT statement.
3061 */
3062 struct SelectDest {
3063   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
3064   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3065   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3066   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3067   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3068   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3069 };
3070 
3071 /*
3072 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3073 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3074 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3075 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3076 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3077 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3078 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3079 */
3080 struct AutoincInfo {
3081   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3082   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3083   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3084   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3085 };
3086 
3087 /*
3088 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3089 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3090 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3091 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3092 ** completed.
3093 **
3094 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3095 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3096 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3097 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3098 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3099 **
3100 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3101 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3102 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3103 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3104 */
3105 struct TriggerPrg {
3106   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3107   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3108   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3109   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3110   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3111 };
3112 
3113 /*
3114 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3115 */
3116 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3117   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3118 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3119 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3120 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3121 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3122 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3123 #else
3124   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3125 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3126 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3127 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3128 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3129 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3130 #endif
3131 
3132 /*
3133 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3134 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3135 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3136 **
3137 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3138 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3139 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3140 ** each recursion.
3141 **
3142 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3143 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3144 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3145 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3146 ** list.
3147 */
3148 struct Parse {
3149   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3150   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3151   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3152   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3153   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3154   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3155   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3156   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3157   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3158   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3159   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3160   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3161   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3162   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3163   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3164   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3165   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3166   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3167   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3168   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3169   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3170                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3171   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3172   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3173   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3174   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3175   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3176   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3177   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3178   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3179   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3180   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3181   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3182 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3183   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3184   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3185 #endif
3186   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3187   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3188   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3189   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3190   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
3191   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3192   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3193   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3194   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3195   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3196   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3197 
3198   /**************************************************************************
3199   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3200   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3201   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3202   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3203   **************************************************************************/
3204 
3205   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3206   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3207 
3208   /************************************************************************
3209   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3210   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3211   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3212   ** first field in the recursive region.
3213   ************************************************************************/
3214 
3215   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3216   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3217   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3218   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3219 #if !(defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE))
3220   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3221 #endif
3222 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3223   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3224 #endif
3225   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3226 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3227   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3228 #endif
3229   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3230   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3231   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3232   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3233   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3234                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3235                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3236   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3237   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3238 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3239   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3240   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3241 #endif
3242   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3243   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3244   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3245   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3246 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3247   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3248 #endif
3249 };
3250 
3251 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3252 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3253 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3254 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3255 
3256 /*
3257 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3258 */
3259 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3260 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3261 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3262 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3263 
3264 /*
3265 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3266 */
3267 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3268   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3269 #else
3270   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3271 #endif
3272 
3273 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3274   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3275 #else
3276   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3277 #endif
3278 
3279 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3280   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3281 #else
3282   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3283 #endif
3284 
3285 /*
3286 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3287 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3288 */
3289 struct AuthContext {
3290   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3291   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3292 };
3293 
3294 /*
3295 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3296 **
3297 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3298 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3299 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3300 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3301 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3302 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3303 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3304 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3305 */
3306 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3307                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3308 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3309 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3310 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3311 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3312 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3313 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3314 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3315 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3316 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3317 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3318 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3319 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3320 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3321 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3322 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3323 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3324 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3325 
3326 /*
3327  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3328  * struct Trigger.
3329  *
3330  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3331  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3332  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3333  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3334  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3335  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3336  *    struct Table.
3337  *
3338  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3339  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3340  */
3341 struct Trigger {
3342   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3343   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3344   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3345   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3346   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3347   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3348                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3349   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3350   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3351   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3352   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3353 };
3354 
3355 /*
3356 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3357 ** determine which.
3358 **
3359 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3360 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3361 */
3362 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3363 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3364 
3365 /*
3366  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3367  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3368  *
3369  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3370  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3371  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3372  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3373  *
3374  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3375  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3376  * value of "op" as follows:
3377  *
3378  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3379  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3380  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3381  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3382  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3383  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3384  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3385  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3386  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3387  *              inserted into.
3388  *
3389  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3390  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3391  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3392  *              Otherwise NULL.
3393  *
3394  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3395  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3396  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3397  *              Otherwise NULL.
3398  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3399  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3400  *              argument.
3401  *
3402  */
3403 struct TriggerStep {
3404   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3405   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3406   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3407   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3408   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3409   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3410   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE */
3411   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3412   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3413   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3414   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3415   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3416 };
3417 
3418 /*
3419 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3420 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3421 ** explicit.
3422 */
3423 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3424 struct DbFixer {
3425   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3426   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3427   int bVarOnly;       /* Check for variable references only */
3428   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3429   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3430   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3431 };
3432 
3433 /*
3434 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3435 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3436 */
3437 struct sqlite3_str {
3438   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3439   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3440   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3441   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3442   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3443   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3444   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3445 };
3446 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3447 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3448 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3449 
3450 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3451 
3452 
3453 /*
3454 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3455 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3456 */
3457 typedef struct {
3458   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3459   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3460   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3461   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3462   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3463   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3464 } InitData;
3465 
3466 /*
3467 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3468 */
3469 #define INITFLAG_AlterTable   0x0001  /* This is a reparse after ALTER TABLE */
3470 
3471 /*
3472 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3473 **
3474 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3475 */
3476 struct Sqlite3Config {
3477   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3478   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3479   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3480   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3481   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3482   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3483   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3484   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3485   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3486   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3487   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3488   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3489   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3490   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3491   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3492   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3493   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3494   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3495   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3496   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3497   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3498   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3499   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3500   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3501   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3502   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3503   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3504   ** initially be zero, however. */
3505   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3506   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3507   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3508   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3509   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3510   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3511   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3512   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3513   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3514 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3515   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3516   void *pSqllogArg;
3517 #endif
3518 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3519   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3520   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3521   */
3522   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3523   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3524 #endif
3525 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
3526   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3527 #endif
3528 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3529   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3530 #endif
3531   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3532   int bInternalFunctions;           /* Internal SQL functions are visible */
3533   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3534   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3535   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3536 };
3537 
3538 /*
3539 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3540 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3541 **
3542 **     assert( X );
3543 **
3544 ** One writes:
3545 **
3546 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3547 **
3548 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3549 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3550 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3551 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3552 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3553 */
3554 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3555 
3556 /*
3557 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3558 */
3559 struct Walker {
3560   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3561   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3562   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3563   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3564   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3565   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
3566   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3567     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3568     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3569     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3570     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3571     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3572     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3573     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3574     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3575     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3576     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3577     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3578     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3579     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3580     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3581     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
3582   } u;
3583 };
3584 
3585 /* Forward declarations */
3586 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3587 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3588 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3589 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3590 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3591 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3592 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3593 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3594 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3595 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3596 #endif
3597 
3598 /*
3599 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3600 ** callbacks.
3601 */
3602 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3603 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3604 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3605 
3606 /*
3607 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3608 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3609 */
3610 struct With {
3611   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3612   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3613   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3614     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3615     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3616     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3617     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3618   } a[1];
3619 };
3620 
3621 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3622 /*
3623 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3624 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3625 */
3626 struct TreeView {
3627   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3628   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3629 };
3630 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3631 
3632 /*
3633 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
3634 ** functions.
3635 **
3636 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
3637 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
3638 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
3639 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
3640 **
3641 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
3642 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
3643 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
3644 **
3645 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
3646 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
3647 **
3648 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
3649 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
3650 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
3651 **
3652 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
3653 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
3654 */
3655 struct Window {
3656   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
3657   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
3658   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
3659   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
3660   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
3661   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3662   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3663   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
3664   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
3665   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
3666   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
3667   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
3668   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
3669   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
3670   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
3671   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
3672   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
3673   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
3674   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
3675   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
3676   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
3677   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
3678   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
3679   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
3680   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
3681   int regStartRowid;
3682   int regEndRowid;
3683   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
3684                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
3685 };
3686 
3687 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3688 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
3689 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
3690 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3691 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
3692 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
3693 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
3694 int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*, int);
3695 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Window*);
3696 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
3697 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
3698 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*);
3699 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
3700 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
3701 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3702 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
3703 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
3704 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
3705 #else
3706 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
3707 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
3708 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
3709 #endif
3710 
3711 /*
3712 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3713 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3714 */
3715 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3716   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3717     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3718   }                                                    \
3719 }
3720 
3721 /*
3722 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3723 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3724 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3725 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3726 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3727 */
3728 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
3729 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3730 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3731 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3732 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3733 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3734 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3735 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3736   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3737   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3738   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
3739 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3740 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3741 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
3742 #else
3743 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3744 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3745 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3746 #endif
3747 
3748 /*
3749 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3750 */
3751 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3752 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3753 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3754 #endif
3755 
3756 /*
3757 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3758 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3759 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3760 */
3761 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3762 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3763 #endif
3764 
3765 /*
3766 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3767 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3768 */
3769 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3770     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3771 # include <ctype.h>
3772 #endif
3773 
3774 /*
3775 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
3776 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
3777 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
3778 */
3779 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
3780 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
3781 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
3782 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
3783 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
3784 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
3785 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
3786 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
3787 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
3788 #else
3789 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
3790 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
3791 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
3792 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
3793 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3794 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
3795 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
3796 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
3797 #endif
3798 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
3799 
3800 /*
3801 ** Internal function prototypes
3802 */
3803 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
3804 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
3805 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
3806 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
3807 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
3808 
3809 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
3810 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
3811 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
3812 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
3813 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
3814 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
3815 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
3816 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
3817 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
3818 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
3819 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
3820 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3821 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
3822 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
3823 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
3824 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
3825 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
3826 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
3827 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
3828 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
3829 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3830 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
3831 #endif
3832 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
3833 
3834 /*
3835 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
3836 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
3837 ** obtain space from malloc().
3838 **
3839 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
3840 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
3841 */
3842 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
3843 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
3844 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
3845 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
3846 #else
3847 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
3848 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
3849 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
3850 #endif
3851 
3852 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
3853 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
3854 */
3855 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
3856 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
3857 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3858 #endif
3859 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
3860 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
3861 #endif
3862 
3863 
3864 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
3865   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
3866   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
3867   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
3868   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
3869   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
3870 #endif
3871 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
3872   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
3873 #else
3874 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
3875 #endif
3876 
3877 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
3878 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
3879 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
3880 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
3881 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
3882 
3883 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
3884 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
3885 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
3886 
3887 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
3888 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
3889 #else
3890 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
3891 #endif
3892 
3893 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
3894 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
3895 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
3896 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
3897   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
3898 #else
3899 # define IsNaN(X)         0
3900 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
3901 #endif
3902 
3903 /*
3904 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
3905 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
3906 */
3907 struct PrintfArguments {
3908   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
3909   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
3910   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
3911 };
3912 
3913 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
3914 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
3915 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
3916   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
3917 #endif
3918 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
3919   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
3920 #endif
3921 
3922 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
3923   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
3924   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
3925   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
3926   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
3927   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
3928   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
3929 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3930   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
3931   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
3932 #endif
3933 #endif
3934 
3935 
3936 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
3937 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
3938 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
3939 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
3940 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
3941 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
3942 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
3943 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
3944 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
3945 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
3946 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
3947 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
3948 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
3949 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
3950 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3951 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
3952 #endif
3953 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
3954 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
3955 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
3956 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
3957 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
3958 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
3959 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
3960 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*, int);
3961 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
3962 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
3963 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
3964 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
3965 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
3966 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
3967 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
3968 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
3969 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
3970 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
3971 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
3972 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
3973 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
3974 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
3975 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
3976 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3977 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
3978 #endif
3979 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
3980 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
3981 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
3982 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
3983 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
3984 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
3985 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
3986 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
3987 void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
3988 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
3989 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
3990 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
3991 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
3992 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
3993 #else
3994   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
3995   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
3996 #endif
3997 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
3998 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
3999   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4000 #else
4001 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4002 #endif
4003 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
4004 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4005 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4006 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
4007 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4008 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4009 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4010 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
4011 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4012   int sqlite3UriCount(const char*);
4013 #endif
4014 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4015                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4016 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4017   int sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
4018 #else
4019 # define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4020 #endif
4021 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4022 
4023 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4024 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4025 #else
4026   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4027 #endif
4028 
4029 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4030 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4031 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4032 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4033 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4034 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4035 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4036 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4037 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4038 #endif
4039 
4040 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4041 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4042 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4043 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4044 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4045 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4046 
4047 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4048 
4049 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4050   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4051 #else
4052 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4053 #endif
4054 
4055 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4056   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4057 #endif
4058 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4059 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4060 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4061 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4062 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4063   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4064   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4065 #else
4066 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4067 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4068 #endif
4069 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4070 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4071   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4072 #endif
4073 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4074 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4075 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4076 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4077 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4078 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4079                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
4080 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4081 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4082 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
4083 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
4084 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4085 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4086 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4087 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4088 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4089                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4090 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4091 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4092 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4093                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4094 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4095 void sqlite3SelectReset(Parse*, Select*);
4096 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4097 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4098 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4099 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4100 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4101 #endif
4102 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4103 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4104                    Upsert*);
4105 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
4106 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4107 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4108 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4109 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4110 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4111 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4112 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4113 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4114 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4115 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4116 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4117 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4118 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4119 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4120 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4121 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4122 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4123 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4124 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Column*, int);
4125 #endif
4126 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4127 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4128 int sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4129 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4130 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4131 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4132 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4133 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4134 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4135 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4136 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4137 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4138 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4139 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4140 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4141 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4142 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4143 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
4144 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4145 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4146 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4147 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4148 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4149 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
4150 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4151 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
4152 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
4153 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4154 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4155 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4156 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4157 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4158 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4159 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4160 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4161 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4162 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4163 #endif
4164 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4165 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4166 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4167 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4168 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4169 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4170 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4171 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4172 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4173 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4174 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4175 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4176 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4177 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4178 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4179 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4180 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4181 #endif
4182 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
4183 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4184 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4185 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4186 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4187     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4188 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4189 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4190 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4191 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4192 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4193                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4194 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4195   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4196 #else
4197 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4198 #endif
4199 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4200 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4201 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4202 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4203 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4204 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4205 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4206 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4207 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
4208 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
4209 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
4210 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
4211 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
4212 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4213 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4214 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4215 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4216 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4217 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4218 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4219 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4220 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4221 
4222 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4223 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4224 #endif
4225 
4226 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4227   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4228                            Expr*,int, int);
4229   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4230   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4231   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4232   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4233   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4234   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4235                             int, int, int);
4236   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4237   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4238   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4239   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4240                                         const char*,const char*);
4241   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4242                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4243                                         const char*,const char*);
4244   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
4245                                         const char*,const char*);
4246   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4247                                         const char*,const char*);
4248   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4249   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4250   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4251 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4252 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4253 #else
4254 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4255 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4256 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4257 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4258 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4259 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4260 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4261 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4262 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4263 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4264 #endif
4265 
4266 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4267 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
4268 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4269 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4270 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4271   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4272   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4273   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4274   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4275   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4276 #else
4277 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4278 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4279 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4280 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4281 #endif
4282 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4283 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4284 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4285 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4286 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4287 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4288 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
4289 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4290 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4291 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4292 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4293 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4294 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4295 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4296 #endif
4297 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4298 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4299 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4300 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4301 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4302 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4303 #endif
4304 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4305     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
4306     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4307 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4308 #endif
4309 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4310 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4311 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4312 
4313 /*
4314 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4315 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4316 ** file.
4317 */
4318 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4319 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4320 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4321 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4322 
4323 /*
4324 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4325 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4326 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4327 */
4328 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4329   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4330 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4331   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4332   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4333 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4334 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4335 
4336 
4337 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4338 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4339 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4340 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4341 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4342 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
4343 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4344 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4345 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4346 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4347 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4348 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4349 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4350 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4351 
4352 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4353 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4354 #endif
4355 
4356 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
4357 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4358 #endif
4359 
4360 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4361 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4362 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4363 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4364 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4365 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4366 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
4367 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
4368 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4369 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4370 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4371 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
4372 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4373 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4374 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4375 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
4376 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4377 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4378 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4379 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4380 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4381 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4382 #else
4383 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4384 #endif
4385 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4386 
4387 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4388 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4389 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4390                         void(*)(void*));
4391 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4392 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4393 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4394 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4395 #endif
4396 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4397 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4398 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4399 #endif
4400 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4401 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4402 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4403 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4404 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4405 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4406 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4407 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4408 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4409 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4410 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4411 #endif
4412 #endif
4413 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4414 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4415 #endif
4416 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, int, int);
4417 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4418 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4419 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4420 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4421 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4422 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4423 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4424 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4425 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4426 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4427 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4428 int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4429 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4430 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4431 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4432 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4433 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4434 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4435 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4436 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4437 void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, void*, Token*);
4438 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, void *pTo, void *pFrom);
4439 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4440 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4441 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4442 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4443 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4444 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*, sqlite3_file*);
4445 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4446 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4447 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4448 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4449 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4450 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4451 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4452 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4453 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4454 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4455 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4456 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4457 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4458 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4459 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4460 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4461 
4462 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4463 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4464 #endif
4465 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4466   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4467   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4468   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4469   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4470   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4471   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4472 );
4473 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4474 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4475 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4476 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4477 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4478 
4479 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4480 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4481 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4482 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4483 
4484 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4485 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4486 
4487 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4488 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4489 #else
4490 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4491 #endif
4492 
4493 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
4494 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4495     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4496 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4497 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4498 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4499 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4500 #endif
4501 
4502 /*
4503 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4504 */
4505 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4506   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4507   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4508 #endif
4509 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4510 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4511 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4512   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4513 #endif
4514 
4515 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4516 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4517   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4518 #else
4519 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4520 #endif
4521 
4522 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4523   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, int, u8, const char *);
4524 #else
4525   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4526 #endif
4527 
4528 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4529   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4530 #endif
4531 
4532 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4533 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4534 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4535 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4536 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4537 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4538 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4539 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4540 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
4541 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4542 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4543 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4544 #else
4545    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4546    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4547    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4548    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4549    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4550    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4551    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4552    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
4553    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4554    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4555    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4556    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4557    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4558      sqlite3*,
4559      const char*,
4560      const sqlite3_module*,
4561      void*,
4562      void(*)(void*)
4563    );
4564 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4565 #endif
4566 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
4567 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4568   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
4569 #else
4570 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
4571 #endif
4572 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4573 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4574 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4575 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4576 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4577 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4578 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4579 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4580 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4581 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4582 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4583 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4584 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4585 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4586 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4587 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4588 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4589 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
4590 #endif
4591 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4592 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4593 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,Expr*);
4594 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, Expr *, Expr *);
4595 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4596 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4597 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4598   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4599   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4600 #endif
4601 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4602   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4603   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4604   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4605 #else
4606 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4607 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4608 #endif
4609 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
4610   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4611   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4612   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4613   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
4614   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
4615 #else
4616 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
4617 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
4618 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)       ((Upsert*)0)
4619 #endif
4620 
4621 
4622 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4623 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4624 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4625 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4626 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4627 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4628 */
4629 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4630   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4631   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4632   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4633   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4634   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4635   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4636 #else
4637   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4638   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4639   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4640   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4641   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4642   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4643 #endif
4644 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4645   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4646   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4647 #else
4648   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4649   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4650 #endif
4651 
4652 
4653 /*
4654 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4655 */
4656 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4657 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4658 
4659 /*
4660 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4661 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4662 ** is not defined.
4663 */
4664 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4665   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4666   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4667 #else
4668   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4669   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4670 #endif
4671 
4672 /*
4673 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4674 */
4675 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4676 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4677 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4678 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4679 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4680 /*
4681 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4682 */
4683 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4684 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4685 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4686 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
4687 
4688 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4689 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4690 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
4691  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
4692   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4693 #endif
4694 
4695 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4696 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4697 
4698 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4699 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4700   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4701   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4702 #else
4703   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4704   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4705 #endif
4706 
4707 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4708 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4709 
4710 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4711   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4712   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4713   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4714 #else
4715   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4716   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4717   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4718 #endif
4719 
4720 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4721   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4722 #endif
4723 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
4724   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
4725 #endif
4726 
4727 /*
4728 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4729 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4730 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4731 */
4732 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4733 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4734   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4735 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4736 #else
4737 # define IOTRACE(A)
4738 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4739 #endif
4740 
4741 /*
4742 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4743 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4744 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4745 **
4746 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4747 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4748 ** a single bit set.
4749 **
4750 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4751 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4752 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4753 **
4754 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
4755 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4756 **
4757 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
4758 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
4759 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
4760 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
4761 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
4762 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
4763 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
4764 ** this constraint.
4765 **
4766 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
4767 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
4768 */
4769 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
4770   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
4771   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
4772   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
4773 #else
4774 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
4775 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
4776 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
4777 #endif
4778 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
4779 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
4780 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
4781 
4782 /*
4783 ** Threading interface
4784 */
4785 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
4786 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
4787 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
4788 #endif
4789 
4790 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4791 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
4792 #endif
4793 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4794 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
4795 #endif
4796 
4797 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
4798 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
4799 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
4800 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
4801 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
4802 
4803 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
4804 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
4805 #endif
4806 
4807 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
4808