xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 11a9ad56)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /*
123 ** Some C99 functions in "math.h" are only present for MSVC when its version
124 ** is associated with Visual Studio 2013 or higher.
125 */
126 #ifndef SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS
127 # if MSVC_VERSION==0 || MSVC_VERSION>=1800
128 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (1)
129 # else
130 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (0)
131 # endif
132 #endif
133 
134 /* Needed for various definitions... */
135 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
136 # define _GNU_SOURCE
137 #endif
138 
139 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
140 # define _BSD_SOURCE
141 #endif
142 
143 /*
144 ** Macro to disable warnings about missing "break" at the end of a "case".
145 */
146 #if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
147 # define deliberate_fall_through __attribute__((fallthrough));
148 #else
149 # define deliberate_fall_through
150 #endif
151 
152 /*
153 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
154 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
155 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
156 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
157 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
158 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
159 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
160 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
161 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
162 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
163 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
164 ** disabled.
165 */
166 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
167 # include "mingw.h"
168 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
169 # include "_mingw.h"
170 #endif
171 
172 /*
173 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
174 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
175 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
176 */
177 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
178     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
179     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
180     defined(__MSVCRT__)
181 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
182 #endif
183 
184 /* Optionally #include a user-defined header, whereby compilation options
185 ** may be set prior to where they take effect, but after platform setup.
186 ** If SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE=? is defined, its value names the #include
187 ** file.
188 */
189 #ifdef SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE
190 # define INC_STRINGIFY_(f) #f
191 # define INC_STRINGIFY(f) INC_STRINGIFY_(f)
192 # include INC_STRINGIFY(SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE)
193 #endif
194 
195 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
196 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
197 ** MinGW.
198 */
199 #include "sqlite3.h"
200 
201 /*
202 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
203 ** autoconf-based build
204 */
205 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
206 #include "config.h"
207 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
208 #endif
209 
210 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
211 
212 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
213 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
214 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
215 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
216 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
217 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
218 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
219 #endif
220 
221 /*
222 ** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
223 ** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
224 */
225 #ifndef __has_extension
226 # define __has_extension(x) 0     /* compatibility with non-clang compilers */
227 #endif
228 #if GCC_VERSION>=4007000 || __has_extension(c_atomic)
229 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 1
230 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
231 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
232 #else
233 # define SQLITE_ATOMIC_INTRINSICS 0
234 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
235 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
236 #endif
237 
238 /*
239 ** Include standard header files as necessary
240 */
241 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
242 #include <stdint.h>
243 #endif
244 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
245 #include <inttypes.h>
246 #endif
247 
248 /*
249 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
250 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
251 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
252 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
253 **
254 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
255 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
256 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
257 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
258 **
259 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
260 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
261 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
262 ** compiler.
263 */
264 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
265 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
266 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
267 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
268 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
269 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
270 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
271 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
272 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
273 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
274 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
275 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
276 #endif
277 
278 /*
279 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
280 ** inlined.
281 */
282 #if defined(__GNUC__)
283 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
284 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
285 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
286 #else
287 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
288 #endif
289 
290 /*
291 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
292 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
293 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
294 */
295 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
296 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
297 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
298 #      include <intrin.h>
299 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
300 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
301 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
302 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
303 #    else
304 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
305 #    endif
306 #  endif
307 #endif
308 
309 /*
310 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
311 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
312 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
313 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
314 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
315 ** database connection at the same time.
316 **
317 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
318 ** We support that for legacy.
319 **
320 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
321 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
322 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
323 ** also be updated there.
324 */
325 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
326 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
327 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
328 # else
329 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
330 # endif
331 #endif
332 
333 /*
334 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
335 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
336 */
337 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
338 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
339 #endif
340 
341 /*
342 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
343 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
344 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
345 */
346 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
347 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
348 #endif
349 
350 /*
351 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
352 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
353 **
354 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
355 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
356 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
357 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
358 **
359 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
360 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
361 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
362 ** assertion will be triggered.
363 **
364 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
365 ** the default.
366 */
367 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
368   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
369   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
370   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
371 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
372  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
373  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
374  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
375 #endif
376 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
377   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
378   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
379   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
380 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
381 #endif
382 
383 /*
384 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
385 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
386 */
387 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
388 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
389 #endif
390 
391 /*
392 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
393 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
394 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
395 ** it.
396 */
397 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
398 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
399 #endif
400 
401 /*
402 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
403 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
404 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
405 **
406 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
407 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
408 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
409 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
410 ** feature.
411 */
412 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
413 # define NDEBUG 1
414 #endif
415 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
416 # undef NDEBUG
417 #endif
418 
419 /*
420 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
421 */
422 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
423 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
424 #endif
425 
426 /*
427 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
428 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
429 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
430 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
431 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
432 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
433 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
434 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
435 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
436 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
437 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
438 **
439 */
440 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
441   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
442 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
443 #else
444 # define testcase(X)
445 #endif
446 
447 /*
448 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
449 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
450 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
451 */
452 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
453 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
454 #else
455 # define TESTONLY(X)
456 #endif
457 
458 /*
459 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
460 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
461 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
462 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
463 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
464 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
465 */
466 #ifndef NDEBUG
467 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
468 #else
469 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
470 #endif
471 
472 /*
473 ** Disable ALWAYS() and NEVER() (make them pass-throughs) for coverage
474 ** and mutation testing
475 */
476 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERATE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
477 # define SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS  1
478 #endif
479 
480 /*
481 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
482 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
483 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
484 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
485 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
486 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
487 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
488 **
489 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
490 **
491 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
492 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
493 ** not be counted as untested code.
494 */
495 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_AUXILIARY_SAFETY_CHECKS)
496 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
497 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
498 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
499 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
500 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
501 #else
502 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
503 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
504 #endif
505 
506 /*
507 ** The harmless(X) macro indicates that expression X is usually false
508 ** but can be true without causing any problems, but we don't know of
509 ** any way to cause X to be true.
510 **
511 ** In debugging and testing builds, this macro will abort if X is ever
512 ** true.  In this way, developers are alerted to a possible test case
513 ** that causes X to be true.  If a harmless macro ever fails, that is
514 ** an opportunity to change the macro into a testcase() and add a new
515 ** test case to the test suite.
516 **
517 ** For normal production builds, harmless(X) is a no-op, since it does
518 ** not matter whether expression X is true or false.
519 */
520 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
521 # define harmless(X)  assert(!(X));
522 #else
523 # define harmless(X)
524 #endif
525 
526 /*
527 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
528 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
529 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
530 **
531 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
532 */
533 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
534 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
535 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
536 #else
537 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
538 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
539 #endif
540 
541 /*
542 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
543 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
544 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
545 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
546 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
547 */
548 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
549 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
550 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
551 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
552 #else
553 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
554 #endif
555 
556 /*
557 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
558 */
559 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
560     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
561   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
562 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
563 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
564 #else
565 # define OSTRACE(X)
566 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
567 #endif
568 
569 /*
570 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
571 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
572 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
573 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
574 */
575 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
576     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
577 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
578 #else
579 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
580 #endif
581 
582 /*
583 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
584 */
585 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
586 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
587 #endif
588 
589 /*
590 ** SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE implies SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
591 */
592 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
593 # define SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
594 #endif
595 
596 /*
597 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
598 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
599 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
600 */
601 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
602 
603 /*
604 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
605 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
606 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
607 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
608 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
609 */
610 #define likely(X)    (X)
611 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
612 
613 #include "hash.h"
614 #include "parse.h"
615 #include <stdio.h>
616 #include <stdlib.h>
617 #include <string.h>
618 #include <assert.h>
619 #include <stddef.h>
620 
621 /*
622 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
623 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
624 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
625 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
626 ** hack only.
627 */
628 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
629 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
630                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
631 #endif
632 
633 /*
634 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
635 ** substitute integer for floating-point
636 */
637 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
638 # define double sqlite_int64
639 # define float sqlite_int64
640 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
641 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
642 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
643 # endif
644 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
645 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
646 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
647 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
648 #endif
649 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
650 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
651 #endif
652 
653 /*
654 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
655 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
656 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
657 */
658 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
659 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
660 #else
661 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
662 #endif
663 
664 /*
665 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
666 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
667 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
668 ** that the library can read.
669 */
670 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
671 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
672 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
673 #endif
674 
675 /*
676 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
677 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
678 */
679 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
680 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
681 #endif
682 
683 /*
684 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
685 ** on the command-line
686 */
687 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
688 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
689 #endif
690 
691 /*
692 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
693 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
694 ** to zero.
695 */
696 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
697 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
698 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
699 #endif
700 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
701 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
702 #endif
703 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
704 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
705 #endif
706 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
707 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
708 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
709 #endif
710 
711 /*
712 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
713 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
714 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
715 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
716 **
717 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
718 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
719 */
720 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
721 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
722 #endif
723 
724 /*
725 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
726 */
727 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
728 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
729 #endif
730 
731 /*
732 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
733 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
734 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
735 */
736 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
737 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
738 #endif
739 
740 /*
741 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
742 ** ourselves.
743 */
744 #ifndef offsetof
745 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
746 #endif
747 
748 /*
749 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
750 */
751 #ifndef MIN
752 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
753 #endif
754 #ifndef MAX
755 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
756 #endif
757 
758 /*
759 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
760 */
761 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
762 
763 /*
764 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
765 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
766 */
767 #if 'A' == '\301'
768 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
769 #else
770 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
771 #endif
772 
773 /*
774 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
775 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
776 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
777 **
778 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
779 */
780 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
781 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
782 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
783 # else
784 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
785 # endif
786 #endif
787 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
788 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
789 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
790 # else
791 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
792 # endif
793 #endif
794 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
795 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
796 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
797 # else
798 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
799 # endif
800 #endif
801 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
802 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
803 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
804 # else
805 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
806 # endif
807 #endif
808 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
809 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
810 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
811 # else
812 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
813 # endif
814 #endif
815 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
816 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
817 #endif
818 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
819 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
820 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
821 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
822 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
823 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
824 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
825 
826 /*
827 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
828 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
829 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
830 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
831 */
832 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
833 
834 /*
835 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
836 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
837 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
838 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
839 */
840 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
841  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
842 #else
843  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
844 #endif
845 
846 /*
847 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
848 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
849 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
850 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
851 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
852 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
853 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
854 **
855 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
856 **
857 ** Examples:
858 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
859 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
860 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
861 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
862 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
863 **
864 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
865 ** Examples:
866 **
867 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
868 */
869 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
870 
871 /*
872 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
873 */
874 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
875 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
876 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
877 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
878        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
879       (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__POWERPC__)) ||                     \
880       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
881 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
882 # else
883 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
884 # endif
885 #endif
886 
887 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
888 */
889 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
890   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
891 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
892   typedef u32 uptr;
893 #else
894   typedef u64 uptr;
895 #endif
896 
897 /*
898 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
899 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
900 **
901 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
902 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
903 ** contained within the buffer S.
904 */
905 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
906 
907 
908 /*
909 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
910 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
911 **
912 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
913 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
914 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
915 ** at run-time.
916 */
917 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
918 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
919      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
920      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
921      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
922 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
923 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
924        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
925 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
926 # else
927 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
928 # endif
929 #endif
930 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
931 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
932 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
933 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
934 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
935 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
936 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
937 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
938 #else
939 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
940   const int sqlite3one = 1;
941 # else
942   extern const int sqlite3one;
943 # endif
944 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
945 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
946 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
947 #endif
948 
949 /*
950 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
951 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
952 ** compilers.
953 */
954 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
955 #define LARGEST_UINT64 (0xffffffff|(((u64)0xffffffff)<<32))
956 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
957 
958 /*
959 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
960 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
961 */
962 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
963 
964 /*
965 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
966 */
967 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
968 
969 /*
970 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
971 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
972 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
973 **
974 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
975 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
976 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
977 */
978 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
979 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
980 #else
981 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
982 #endif
983 
984 /*
985 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
986 */
987 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
988 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
989 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
990 #endif
991 
992 /*
993 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
994 */
995 #ifdef __APPLE__
996 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
997 #endif
998 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
999 # if defined(__linux__) \
1000   || defined(_WIN32) \
1001   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
1002   || defined(__sun) \
1003   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
1004   || defined(__DragonFly__)
1005 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
1006 # else
1007 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
1008 # endif
1009 #endif
1010 
1011 /*
1012 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
1013 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
1014 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
1015 */
1016 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1017 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
1018 #endif
1019 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1020 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
1021 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
1022 #endif
1023 
1024 /*
1025 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
1026 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
1027 */
1028 #if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
1029 extern u32 sqlite3SelectTrace;
1030 #endif
1031 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1032     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE))
1033 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
1034 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
1035   if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
1036     sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
1037     sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1038 #else
1039 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
1040 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
1041 #endif
1042 
1043 /*
1044 ** Macros for "wheretrace"
1045 */
1046 extern u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
1047 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1048     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
1049 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1050 # define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
1051 #else
1052 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)
1053 #endif
1054 
1055 
1056 /*
1057 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
1058 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
1059 **
1060 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
1061 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
1062 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
1063 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
1064 */
1065 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
1066 struct BusyHandler {
1067   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
1068   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
1069   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
1070 };
1071 
1072 /*
1073 ** Name of table that holds the database schema.
1074 */
1075 #define DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE          "sqlite_master"
1076 #define DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE     "sqlite_temp_master"
1077 #define ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE           "sqlite_schema"
1078 #define ALT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE      "sqlite_temp_schema"
1079 
1080 
1081 /*
1082 ** The root-page of the schema table.
1083 */
1084 #define SCHEMA_ROOT    1
1085 
1086 /*
1087 ** The name of the schema table.  The name is different for TEMP.
1088 */
1089 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) \
1090     ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE:DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE)
1091 
1092 /*
1093 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1094 ** an array.
1095 */
1096 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1097 
1098 /*
1099 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1100 */
1101 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1102 
1103 /*
1104 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1105 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1106 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1107 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1108 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1109 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1110 */
1111 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3OomFault)
1112 
1113 /*
1114 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1115 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1116 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1117 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1118 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1119 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1120 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1121 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1122 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1123 **
1124 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1125 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1126 */
1127 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1128   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1129   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1130   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1131   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1132   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1133 #else
1134   #define SQLITE_WSD
1135   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1136   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1137 #endif
1138 
1139 /*
1140 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1141 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1142 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1143 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1144 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1145 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1146 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1147 **
1148 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1149 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1150 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1151 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1152 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1153 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1154 */
1155 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1156 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1157 
1158 /*
1159 ** Forward references to structures
1160 */
1161 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1162 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1163 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1164 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1165 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1166 typedef struct Column Column;
1167 typedef struct Cte Cte;
1168 typedef struct CteUse CteUse;
1169 typedef struct Db Db;
1170 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
1171 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1172 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1173 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1174 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1175 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1176 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1177 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1178 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1179 typedef struct Index Index;
1180 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1181 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1182 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1183 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1184 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1185 typedef struct Module Module;
1186 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1187 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1188 typedef struct ParseCleanup ParseCleanup;
1189 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1190 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1191 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1192 typedef struct Returning Returning;
1193 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1194 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1195 typedef struct Select Select;
1196 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1197 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1198 typedef struct SrcItem SrcItem;
1199 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1200 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1201 typedef struct Table Table;
1202 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1203 typedef struct Token Token;
1204 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1205 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1206 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1207 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1208 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1209 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1210 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1211 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1212 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1213 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1214 typedef struct Window Window;
1215 typedef struct With With;
1216 
1217 
1218 /*
1219 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1220 **
1221 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1222 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1223 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1224 */
1225 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1226   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1227 #else
1228   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1229 #endif
1230 
1231 /*
1232 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1233 */
1234 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1235 
1236 /*
1237 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1238 */
1239 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1240 #define MASKBIT64(n) (((u64)1)<<(n))
1241 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1242 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1243 
1244 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1245 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1246 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1247 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1248 ** just an array of integers.
1249 */
1250 typedef int VList;
1251 
1252 /*
1253 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1254 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1255 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1256 */
1257 #include "pager.h"
1258 #include "btree.h"
1259 #include "vdbe.h"
1260 #include "pcache.h"
1261 #include "os.h"
1262 #include "mutex.h"
1263 
1264 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1265 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1266 */
1267 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1268 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1269 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1270 #endif
1271 
1272 /*
1273 ** Default synchronous levels.
1274 **
1275 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1276 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1277 **
1278 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1279 **   OFF           1                         0
1280 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1281 **   FULL          3                         2
1282 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1283 **
1284 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1285 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1286 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1287 */
1288 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1289 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1290 #endif
1291 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1292 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1293 #endif
1294 
1295 /*
1296 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1297 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1298 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1299 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1300 ** databases may be attached.
1301 */
1302 struct Db {
1303   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1304   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1305   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1306   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1307   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1308 };
1309 
1310 /*
1311 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1312 **
1313 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1314 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1315 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1316 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1317 **
1318 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1319 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1320 ** sqlite3_close().
1321 *
1322 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1323 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1324 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1325 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1326 */
1327 struct Schema {
1328   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1329   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1330   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1331   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1332   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1333   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1334   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1335   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1336   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1337   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1338   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1339 };
1340 
1341 /*
1342 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1343 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1344 */
1345 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1346 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1347 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1348 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1349 
1350 /*
1351 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1352 **
1353 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1354 ** read into internal hash tables.
1355 **
1356 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1357 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1358 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1359 */
1360 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1361 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1362 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1363 
1364 /*
1365 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1366 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1367 */
1368 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1369 
1370 /*
1371 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1372 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1373 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1374 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1375 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1376 ** SQL statements.
1377 **
1378 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1379 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1380 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1381 ** objects.
1382 **
1383 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1384 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1385 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1386 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1387 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1388 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1389 **
1390 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1391 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1392 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1393 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1394 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1395 **
1396 ** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
1397 ** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
1398 ** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
1399 ** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
1400 ** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
1401 ** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
1402 **
1403 ** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
1404 ** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
1405 ** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
1406 ** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
1407 ** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
1408 ** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
1409 ** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
1410 ** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
1411 ** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
1412 ** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
1413 ** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
1414 */
1415 struct Lookaside {
1416   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1417   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1418   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1419   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1420   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1421   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1422   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1423   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1424 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1425   LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
1426   LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
1427   void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
1428                           ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
1429 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
1430   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1431   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1432 };
1433 struct LookasideSlot {
1434   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1435 };
1436 
1437 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1438 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1439    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1440 
1441 /* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
1442 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1443 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
1444 #else
1445 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
1446 #endif
1447 
1448 /*
1449 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1450 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1451 **
1452 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1453 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1454 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1455 */
1456 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1457 struct FuncDefHash {
1458   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1459 };
1460 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1461 
1462 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1463 /*
1464 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1465 ** to manage user authentication.
1466 */
1467 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1468 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1469   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1470   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1471   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1472   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1473 };
1474 
1475 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1476 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1477 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1478 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1479 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1480 
1481 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1482 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1483 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1484 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1485 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1486 
1487 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1488 
1489 /*
1490 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1491 */
1492 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1493   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1494                                const char*, const char*);
1495 #else
1496   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1497                                const char*);
1498 #endif
1499 
1500 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1501 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1502 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1503 */
1504 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1505 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1506 #else
1507 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1508 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1509 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1510 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1511 
1512 /*
1513 ** Maximum number of sqlite3.aDb[] entries.  This is the number of attached
1514 ** databases plus 2 for "main" and "temp".
1515 */
1516 #define SQLITE_MAX_DB (SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2)
1517 
1518 /*
1519 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1520 */
1521 struct sqlite3 {
1522   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1523   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1524   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
1525   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1526   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1527   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1528   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1529   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1530   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1531   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1532   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1533   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1534   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1535   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1536   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1537   u32 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1538   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1539   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1540   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1541   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1542   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1543   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1544   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1545   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1546   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1547   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1548   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1549   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1550   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1551   u8 eOpenState;                /* Current condition of the connection */
1552   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1553   i64 nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1554   i64 nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1555   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1556   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1557   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1558     Pgno newTnum;               /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1559     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1560     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1561     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1562     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1563     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1564     const char **azInit;        /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1565   } init;
1566   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1567   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1568   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1569   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1570   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1571   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1572   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1573   union {
1574     void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);     /* Legacy trace function */
1575     int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);      /* V2 Trace function */
1576   } trace;
1577   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1578 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1579   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1580   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1581 #endif
1582   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1583   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1584   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1585   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1586   void *pUpdateArg;
1587   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1588   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1589 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1590   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1591   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1592     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1593   );
1594   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1595 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1596 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1597   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1598   void *pWalArg;
1599 #endif
1600   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1601   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1602   void *pCollNeededArg;
1603   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1604   union {
1605     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1606     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1607   } u1;
1608   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1609 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1610   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1611   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1612 #endif
1613 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1614   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1615   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1616   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1617 #endif
1618 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1619   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1620   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1621   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1622   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1623   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1624 #endif
1625   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1626   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1627   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1628   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1629   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1630   int nAnalysisLimit;           /* Number of index rows to ANALYZE */
1631   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1632   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1633   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1634   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1635   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1636   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1637 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1638   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
1639   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1640   **
1641   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1642   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1643   **
1644   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1645   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1646   ** held by Y.
1647   */
1648   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1649   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1650   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1651   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1652   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1653 #endif
1654 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1655   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1656 #endif
1657 };
1658 
1659 /*
1660 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1661 */
1662 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1663 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1664 
1665 /*
1666 ** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
1667 ** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
1668 ** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
1669 */
1670 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1671 
1672 /*
1673 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1674 **
1675 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1676 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1677 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1678 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1679 */
1680 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_SCHEMA */
1681 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1682 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1683 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1684 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1685 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1686 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1687 #define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
1688                                           ** vtabs in the schema definition */
1689 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1690                                           /*   result set is empty */
1691 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1692 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1693 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1694 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1695 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1696 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1697 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1698 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1699 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1700 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1701 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1702 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1703 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1704 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1705 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1706 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1707 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1708 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1709 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1710 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1711 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1712 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1713 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1714 #define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1715                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1716                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1717 
1718 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1719 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1720 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1721 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1722 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1723 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1724 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1725 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1726 #endif
1727 
1728 /*
1729 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1730 */
1731 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1732 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1733 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1734 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1735 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1736 #define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
1737 #define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
1738 
1739 /*
1740 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1741 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1742 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1743 */
1744 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x00000001 /* Query flattening */
1745 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x00000002 /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1746 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x00000004 /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1747 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x00000008 /* Constant factoring */
1748 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x00000010 /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1749 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x00000020 /* Covering index scans */
1750 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x00000040 /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1751 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x00000080 /* Transitive constraints */
1752 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x00000100 /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1753 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x00000200 /* The count-of-view optimization */
1754 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x00000400 /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1755 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x00000800 /* Use STAT4 data */
1756    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x0000800. Don't change it */
1757 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x00001000 /* The push-down optimization */
1758 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x00002000 /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1759 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x00004000 /* Skip-scans */
1760 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x00008000 /* The constant propagation opt */
1761 #define SQLITE_MinMaxOpt      0x00010000 /* The min/max optimization */
1762 #define SQLITE_SeekScan       0x00020000 /* The OP_SeekScan optimization */
1763 #define SQLITE_OmitOrderBy    0x00040000 /* Omit pointless ORDER BY */
1764    /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ to be 0x40000. Coordinate any change */
1765 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */
1766 
1767 /*
1768 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1769 */
1770 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1771 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1772 
1773 /*
1774 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1775 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1776 */
1777 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1778 
1779 /* Possible values for the sqlite3.eOpenState field.
1780 ** The numbers are randomly selected such that a minimum of three bits must
1781 ** change to convert any number to another or to zero
1782 */
1783 #define SQLITE_STATE_OPEN     0x76  /* Database is open */
1784 #define SQLITE_STATE_CLOSED   0xce  /* Database is closed */
1785 #define SQLITE_STATE_SICK     0xba  /* Error and awaiting close */
1786 #define SQLITE_STATE_BUSY     0x6d  /* Database currently in use */
1787 #define SQLITE_STATE_ERROR    0xd5  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1788 #define SQLITE_STATE_ZOMBIE   0xa7  /* Close with last statement close */
1789 
1790 /*
1791 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1792 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1793 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1794 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1795 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1796 **
1797 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1798 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1799 */
1800 struct FuncDef {
1801   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1802   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1803   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1804   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1805   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1806   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1807   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1808   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1809   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1810   union {
1811     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1812     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1813   } u;
1814 };
1815 
1816 /*
1817 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1818 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1819 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1820 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1821 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1822 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1823 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1824 ** FuncDestructor.
1825 **
1826 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1827 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1828 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1829 */
1830 struct FuncDestructor {
1831   int nRef;
1832   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1833   void *pUserData;
1834 };
1835 
1836 /*
1837 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1838 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1839 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1840 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1841 **
1842 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1843 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX      ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1844 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER    ==  NC_OrderAgg       == SF_OrderByReqd
1845 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH      ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1846 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF      ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1847 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT    ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1848 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT      ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1849 **     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE      ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
1850 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1851 */
1852 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1853 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1854 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1855 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1856 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1857 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1858 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1859 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1860 /*                           0x0200 -- available for reuse */
1861 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1862 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1863 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1864 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1865                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1866 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
1867 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1868 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1869 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1870 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1871 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1872 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
1873 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
1874 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER 0x08000000 /* count/min/max aggregate */
1875 
1876 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
1877 #define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
1878 #define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
1879 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
1880 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
1881 #define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
1882 #define INLINEFUNC_iif                  5
1883 #define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
1884 
1885 /*
1886 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1887 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1888 **
1889 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1890 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1891 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1892 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1893 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1894 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1895 **
1896 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1897 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1898 **
1899 **   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1900 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1901 **     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
1902 **
1903 **   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1904 **     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
1905 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1906 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1907 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1908 **
1909 **   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1910 **     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
1911 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1912 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1913 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1914 **
1915 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1916 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1917 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1918 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1919 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1920 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1921 **
1922 **   MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc)
1923 **     For math-library functions.  xPtr is an arbitrary pointer.
1924 **
1925 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1926 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1927 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1928 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1929 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1930 **
1931 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1932 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1933 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1934 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1935 **     FUNCTION().
1936 **
1937 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1938 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1939 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1940 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1941 **     FUNCTION().
1942 **
1943 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1944 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1945 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1946 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1947 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1948 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1949 **     parameter.
1950 */
1951 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1952   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1953    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1954 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1955   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1956    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1957 #define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1958   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
1959    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1960 #define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
1961   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1962    xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1963 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1964   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1965    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1966 #define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1967   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
1968          SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1969    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1970 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1971   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1972    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1973 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1974   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1975    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1976 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1977   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1978    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1979 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1980   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1981    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1982 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1983   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1984    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1985 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1986   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1987    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1988 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1989   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1990    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1991 
1992 
1993 /*
1994 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1995 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1996 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1997 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1998 */
1999 struct Savepoint {
2000   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
2001   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
2002   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
2003   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
2004 };
2005 
2006 /*
2007 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
2008 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
2009 */
2010 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
2011 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
2012 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
2013 
2014 
2015 /*
2016 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
2017 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
2018 ** hash table.
2019 */
2020 struct Module {
2021   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
2022   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
2023   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
2024   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
2025   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
2026   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
2027 };
2028 
2029 /*
2030 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
2031 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
2032 **
2033 ** Definitions:
2034 **
2035 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
2036 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
2037 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
2038 **
2039 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
2040 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
2041 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
2042 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
2043 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
2044 **                            columns to the left.
2045 **
2046 ** Notes on zCnName:
2047 ** The zCnName field stores the name of the column, the datatype of the
2048 ** column, and the collating sequence for the column, in that order, all in
2049 ** a single allocation.  Each string is 0x00 terminated.  The datatype
2050 ** is only included if the COLFLAG_HASTYPE bit of colFlags is set and the
2051 ** collating sequence name is only included if the COLFLAG_HASCOLL bit is
2052 ** set.
2053 */
2054 struct Column {
2055   char *zCnName;        /* Name of this column */
2056   unsigned notNull :4;  /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
2057   unsigned eCType :4;   /* One of the standard types */
2058   char affinity;        /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
2059   u8 szEst;             /* Est size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
2060   u8 hName;             /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
2061   u16 iDflt;            /* 1-based index of DEFAULT.  0 means "none" */
2062   u16 colFlags;         /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
2063 };
2064 
2065 /* Allowed values for Column.eCType.
2066 **
2067 ** Values must match entries in the global constant arrays
2068 ** sqlite3StdTypeLen[] and sqlite3StdType[].  Each value is one more
2069 ** than the offset into these arrays for the corresponding name.
2070 ** Adjust the SQLITE_N_STDTYPE value if adding or removing entries.
2071 */
2072 #define COLTYPE_CUSTOM      0   /* Type appended to zName */
2073 #define COLTYPE_ANY         1
2074 #define COLTYPE_BLOB        2
2075 #define COLTYPE_INT         3
2076 #define COLTYPE_INTEGER     4
2077 #define COLTYPE_REAL        5
2078 #define COLTYPE_TEXT        6
2079 #define SQLITE_N_STDTYPE    6  /* Number of standard types */
2080 
2081 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags.
2082 **
2083 ** Constraints:
2084 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2085 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2086 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2087 */
2088 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
2089 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
2090 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
2091 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
2092 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
2093 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
2094 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
2095 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
2096 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
2097 #define COLFLAG_HASCOLL   0x0200   /* Has collating sequence name in zCnName */
2098 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2099 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2100 
2101 /*
2102 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
2103 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
2104 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
2105 **
2106 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
2107 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
2108 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
2109 */
2110 struct CollSeq {
2111   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
2112   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
2113   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
2114   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
2115   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
2116 };
2117 
2118 /*
2119 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
2120 */
2121 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
2122 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
2123 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
2124 
2125 /*
2126 ** Column affinity types.
2127 **
2128 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
2129 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
2130 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
2131 **
2132 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
2133 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
2134 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
2135 **
2136 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
2137 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
2138 */
2139 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
2140 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
2141 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
2142 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
2143 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
2144 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
2145 
2146 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
2147 
2148 /*
2149 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
2150 ** affinity value.
2151 */
2152 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
2153 
2154 /*
2155 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
2156 ** changing the affinity.
2157 **
2158 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
2159 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
2160 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
2161 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
2162 */
2163 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
2164 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
2165 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
2166 
2167 /*
2168 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
2169 ** the database schema.
2170 **
2171 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
2172 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
2173 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
2174 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
2175 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
2176 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
2177 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
2178 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
2179 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
2180 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
2181 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
2182 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
2183 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
2184 **
2185 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
2186 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
2187 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
2188 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
2189 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
2190 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
2191 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
2192 **
2193 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
2194 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
2195 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
2196 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
2197 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
2198 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
2199 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
2200 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
2201 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
2202 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
2203 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
2204 **
2205 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
2206 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
2207 ** the first argument.
2208 */
2209 struct VTable {
2210   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
2211   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
2212   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
2213   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
2214   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
2215   u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
2216   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
2217   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
2218 };
2219 
2220 /* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
2221 */
2222 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
2223 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
2224 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
2225 
2226 /*
2227 ** The schema for each SQL table, virtual table, and view is represented
2228 ** in memory by an instance of the following structure.
2229 */
2230 struct Table {
2231   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2232   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2233   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2234   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2235   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2236                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2237   Pgno tnum;           /* Root BTree page for this table */
2238   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2239   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2240   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2241   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2242   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2243   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2244   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2245 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2246   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2247 #endif
2248   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2249   u8 eTabType;         /* 0: normal, 1: virtual, 2: view */
2250   union {
2251     struct {             /* Used by ordinary tables: */
2252       int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2253       FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2254       ExprList *pDfltList; /* DEFAULT clauses on various columns.
2255                            ** Or the AS clause for generated columns. */
2256     } tab;
2257     struct {             /* Used by views: */
2258       Select *pSelect;     /* View definition */
2259     } view;
2260     struct {             /* Used by virtual tables only: */
2261       int nArg;            /* Number of arguments to the module */
2262       char **azArg;        /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2263       VTable *p;           /* List of VTable objects. */
2264     } vtab;
2265   } u;
2266   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers on this object */
2267   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2268 };
2269 
2270 /*
2271 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2272 **
2273 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2274 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2275 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2276 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2277 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2278 **
2279 ** Constraints:
2280 **
2281 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
2282 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
2283 **         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
2284 */
2285 #define TF_Readonly       0x00000001 /* Read-only system table */
2286 #define TF_HasHidden      0x00000002 /* Has one or more hidden columns */
2287 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey  0x00000004 /* Table has a primary key */
2288 #define TF_Autoincrement  0x00000008 /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2289 #define TF_HasStat1       0x00000010 /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2290 #define TF_HasVirtual     0x00000020 /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2291 #define TF_HasStored      0x00000040 /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2292 #define TF_HasGenerated   0x00000060 /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2293 #define TF_WithoutRowid   0x00000080 /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2294 #define TF_StatsUsed      0x00000100 /* Query planner decisions affected by
2295                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2296 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid 0x00000200 /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2297 #define TF_OOOHidden      0x00000400 /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2298 #define TF_HasNotNull     0x00000800 /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2299 #define TF_Shadow         0x00001000 /* True for a shadow table */
2300 #define TF_HasStat4       0x00002000 /* STAT4 info available for this table */
2301 #define TF_Ephemeral      0x00004000 /* An ephemeral table */
2302 #define TF_Eponymous      0x00008000 /* An eponymous virtual table */
2303 #define TF_Strict         0x00010000 /* STRICT mode */
2304 
2305 /*
2306 ** Allowed values for Table.eTabType
2307 */
2308 #define TABTYP_NORM      0     /* Ordinary table */
2309 #define TABTYP_VTAB      1     /* Virtual table */
2310 #define TABTYP_VIEW      2     /* A view */
2311 
2312 #define IsView(X)           ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VIEW)
2313 #define IsOrdinaryTable(X)  ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_NORM)
2314 
2315 /*
2316 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2317 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2318 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2319 */
2320 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2321 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2322 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
2323     ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab!=0 && (X)->y.pTab->eTabType==TABTYP_VTAB)
2324 #else
2325 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2326 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
2327 #endif
2328 
2329 /*
2330 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2331 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2332 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2333 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2334 */
2335 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2336 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2337 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2338 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2339 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2340 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2341 #else
2342 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2343 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2344 #endif
2345 
2346 
2347 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2348 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2349 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2350 
2351 /*
2352 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2353 **
2354 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2355 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2356 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2357 ** Consider this example:
2358 **
2359 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2360 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2361 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2362 **     );
2363 **
2364 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2365 ** Equivalent names:
2366 **
2367 **     from-table == child-table
2368 **       to-table == parent-table
2369 **
2370 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2371 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2372 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2373 **
2374 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2375 **
2376 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2377 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2378 */
2379 struct FKey {
2380   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2381   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2382   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2383   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2384   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2385   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2386   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2387   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2388   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2389   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2390   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2391     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2392     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2393   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2394 };
2395 
2396 /*
2397 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2398 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2399 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2400 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2401 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2402 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2403 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2404 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2405 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2406 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2407 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2408 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2409 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2410 ** UPDATE applies to insert operations only and means that the insert
2411 ** is omitted and the DO UPDATE clause of an upsert is run instead.
2412 **
2413 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, SETDFLT, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2414 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2415 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2416 ** key is set to NULL.  SETDFLT means that the foreign key is set
2417 ** to its default value.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2418 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2419 ** foreign key.
2420 **
2421 ** The OE_Default value is a place holder that means to use whatever
2422 ** conflict resolution algorthm is required from context.
2423 **
2424 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2425 ** of conflict resolution action to take.
2426 */
2427 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2428 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2429 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2430 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2431 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2432 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2433 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2434 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2435 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2436 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2437 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2438 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2439 
2440 
2441 /*
2442 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2443 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2444 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2445 **
2446 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2447 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2448 ** for the rowid at the end.
2449 */
2450 struct KeyInfo {
2451   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2452   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2453   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2454   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2455   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2456   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2457   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2458 };
2459 
2460 /*
2461 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2462 */
2463 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2464 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2465 
2466 /*
2467 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2468 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2469 **
2470 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2471 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2472 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2473 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2474 ** OP_Column opcode.
2475 **
2476 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2477 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2478 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2479 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2480 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2481 **
2482 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2483 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2484 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2485 ** is in DESC order.
2486 **
2487 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2488 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2489 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2490 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2491 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2492 ** find the first match.
2493 **
2494 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2495 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2496 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2497 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2498 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2499 ** b-tree.
2500 */
2501 struct UnpackedRecord {
2502   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2503   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2504   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2505   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2506   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2507   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2508   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2509   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2510 };
2511 
2512 
2513 /*
2514 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2515 ** instance of the following structure.
2516 **
2517 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2518 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2519 ** we have the following table and index:
2520 **
2521 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2522 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2523 **
2524 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2525 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2526 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2527 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2528 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2529 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2530 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2531 **
2532 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2533 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2534 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2535 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2536 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2537 ** element.
2538 **
2539 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2540 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
2541 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2542 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2543 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2544 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2545 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2546 */
2547 struct Index {
2548   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2549   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2550   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2551   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2552   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2553   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2554   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2555   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2556   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2557   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2558   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2559   Pgno tnum;               /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2560   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2561   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2562   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2563   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2564   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2565   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2566   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2567   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2568   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2569   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2570   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2571   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2572   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2573   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2574 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2575   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2576   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2577   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2578   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2579   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2580   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2581 #endif
2582   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2583 };
2584 
2585 /*
2586 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2587 */
2588 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2589 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2590 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2591 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2592 
2593 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2594 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2595 
2596 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2597 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2598 
2599 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2600 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2601 */
2602 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2603 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2604 
2605 /*
2606 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2607 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2608 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2609 */
2610 struct IndexSample {
2611   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2612   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2613   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2614   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2615   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2616 };
2617 
2618 /*
2619 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2620 */
2621 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2622 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2623 
2624 /*
2625 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2626 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2627 **
2628 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2629 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2630 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2631 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2632 ** static string.
2633 */
2634 struct Token {
2635   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2636   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2637 };
2638 
2639 /*
2640 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2641 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2642 **
2643 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2644 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iAgg field is the index in
2645 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2646 ** code for that node.
2647 **
2648 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2649 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2650 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2651 */
2652 struct AggInfo {
2653   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2654                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2655   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2656                           ** than the source table */
2657   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2658   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2659   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2660   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2661   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2662   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2663     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2664     Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
2665     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2666     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2667     i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2668     i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2669   } *aCol;
2670   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2671   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2672                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2673                           ** aggregate functions */
2674   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2675     Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
2676     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2677     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2678     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2679     int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
2680   } *aFunc;
2681   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2682   u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
2683 };
2684 
2685 /*
2686 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2687 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2688 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2689 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2690 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2691 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2692 ** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
2693 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2694 */
2695 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
2696 typedef i16 ynVar;
2697 #else
2698 typedef int ynVar;
2699 #endif
2700 
2701 /*
2702 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2703 ** of this structure.
2704 **
2705 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2706 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2707 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2708 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2709 ** tree.
2710 **
2711 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2712 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2713 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2714 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2715 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2716 **
2717 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2718 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2719 **
2720 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2721 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2722 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2723 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2724 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2725 ** valid.
2726 **
2727 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2728 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2729 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2730 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2731 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2732 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2733 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2734 **
2735 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2736 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2737 ** number for that variable.
2738 **
2739 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2740 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2741 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2742 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2743 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2744 **
2745 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2746 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2747 ** corresponding table definition.
2748 **
2749 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2750 **
2751 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2752 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2753 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2754 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2755 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2756 **
2757 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2758 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2759 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2760 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2761 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2762 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2763 */
2764 struct Expr {
2765   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2766   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2767   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2768                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2769                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2770                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2771 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2772   u8 vvaFlags;           /* Verification flags. */
2773 #endif
2774   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2775   union {
2776     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2777     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2778   } u;
2779 
2780   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2781   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2782   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2783   *********************************************************************/
2784 
2785   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2786   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2787   union {
2788     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2789     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2790   } x;
2791 
2792   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2793   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2794   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2795   *********************************************************************/
2796 
2797 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2798   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2799 #endif
2800   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2801                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2802                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2803                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2804                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2805                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2806                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2807   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2808                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2809                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2810   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2811   int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2812   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2813   union {
2814     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2815                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2816     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2817     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2818       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2819       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2820     } sub;
2821   } y;
2822 };
2823 
2824 /*
2825 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2826 ** Value restrictions:
2827 **
2828 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2829 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2830 */
2831 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2832 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2833 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2834 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2835 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2836 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2837 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2838 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2839 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2840 #define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2841 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2842 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2843 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2844 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2845 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2846 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2847 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2848 #define EP_IfNullRow  0x020000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
2849 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2850 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2851 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2852 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2853                  /*   0x400000 // Available */
2854 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2855 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2856 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2857 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2858 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2859 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2860 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2861 #define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
2862                /*   0x80000000 // Available */
2863 
2864 /*
2865 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2866 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2867 */
2868 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2869 
2870 /*
2871 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2872 ** Expr.flags field.
2873 */
2874 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2875 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2876 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2877 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2878 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2879 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2880 
2881 
2882 /* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
2883 */
2884 #define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2885 #define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */
2886 
2887 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2888 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2889 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2890 */
2891 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2892 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)   (E)->vvaFlags|=(P)
2893 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   (((E)->vvaFlags&(P))!=0)
2894 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E) (E)->vvaFlags = 0
2895 #else
2896 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2897 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   0
2898 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E)
2899 #endif
2900 
2901 /*
2902 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2903 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2904 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2905 */
2906 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2907 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2908 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2909 
2910 /*
2911 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2912 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2913 */
2914 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2915 
2916 /*
2917 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2918 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2919 */
2920 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2921 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2922 #else
2923 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2924     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2925  )
2926 #endif
2927 
2928 /*
2929 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2930 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2931 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2932 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2933 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2934 ** field is not used.
2935 **
2936 ** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
2937 ** is used for multiple purposes:
2938 **
2939 **     eEName          Usage
2940 **    ----------       -------------------------
2941 **    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
2942 **                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
2943 **
2944 **    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
2945 **                     of subqueries
2946 **
2947 **    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
2948 **                     expression.
2949 */
2950 struct ExprList {
2951   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2952   int nAlloc;            /* Number of a[] slots allocated */
2953   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2954     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2955     char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
2956     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2957     unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
2958     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2959     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2960     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2961     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2962     union {
2963       struct {
2964         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2965         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2966       } x;
2967       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2968     } u;
2969   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2970 };
2971 
2972 /*
2973 ** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
2974 */
2975 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
2976 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
2977 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
2978 
2979 /*
2980 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2981 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2982 **
2983 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2984 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2985 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2986 **
2987 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2988 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2989 **
2990 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2991 **
2992 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2993 */
2994 struct IdList {
2995   struct IdList_item {
2996     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2997     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2998   } *a;
2999   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
3000 };
3001 
3002 /*
3003 ** The SrcItem object represents a single term in the FROM clause of a query.
3004 ** The SrcList object is mostly an array of SrcItems.
3005 */
3006 struct SrcItem {
3007   Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
3008   char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
3009   char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
3010   char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
3011   Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
3012   Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
3013   int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
3014   int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
3015   int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
3016   struct {
3017     u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
3018     unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
3019     unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
3020     unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
3021     unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
3022     unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
3023     unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
3024     unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
3025     unsigned isCte :1;         /* This is a CTE */
3026     unsigned notCte :1;        /* This item may not match a CTE */
3027   } fg;
3028   int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
3029   Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
3030   IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
3031   Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
3032   union {
3033     char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
3034     ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
3035   } u1;
3036   union {
3037     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
3038     CteUse *pCteUse;  /* CTE Usage info info fg.isCte is true */
3039   } u2;
3040 };
3041 
3042 /*
3043 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
3044 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
3045 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
3046 **
3047 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
3048 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
3049 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
3050 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
3051 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
3052 **
3053 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
3054 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
3055 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
3056 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
3057 **
3058 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
3059 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
3060 */
3061 struct SrcList {
3062   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
3063   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
3064   SrcItem a[1];    /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
3065 };
3066 
3067 /*
3068 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
3069 */
3070 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
3071 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
3072 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
3073 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
3074 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
3075 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
3076 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
3077 
3078 
3079 /*
3080 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
3081 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
3082 **
3083 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3084 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
3085 */
3086 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
3087 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
3088 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
3089 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
3090 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
3091 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
3092 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
3093                                       ** the OR optimization  */
3094 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
3095 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
3096 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
3097 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
3098 #define WHERE_AGG_DISTINCT     0x0400 /* Query is "SELECT agg(DISTINCT ...)" */
3099 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
3100                         /*     0x1000    not currently used */
3101                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
3102 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
3103                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
3104 
3105 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
3106 */
3107 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
3108 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
3109 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
3110 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
3111 
3112 /*
3113 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
3114 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
3115 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
3116 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
3117 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
3118 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
3119 ** other statements.
3120 **
3121 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
3122 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
3123 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
3124 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
3125 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
3126 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
3127 **
3128 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
3129 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
3130 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
3131 ** subqueries looking for a match.
3132 */
3133 struct NameContext {
3134   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
3135   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
3136   union {
3137     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
3138     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
3139     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
3140     int iBaseReg;        /* For TK_REGISTER when parsing RETURNING */
3141   } uNC;
3142   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
3143   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
3144   int nNcErr;          /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
3145   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
3146   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
3147 };
3148 
3149 /*
3150 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
3151 **
3152 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
3153 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg       == EP_Agg
3154 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg    == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3155 **    NC_OrderAgg  == SF_OrderByReqd  == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3156 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
3157 **
3158 */
3159 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x000001 /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
3160 #define NC_PartIdx   0x000002 /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
3161 #define NC_IsCheck   0x000004 /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
3162 #define NC_GenCol    0x000008 /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
3163 #define NC_HasAgg    0x000010 /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
3164 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x000020 /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
3165 #define NC_SelfRef   0x00002e /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
3166 #define NC_VarSelect 0x000040 /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
3167 #define NC_UEList    0x000080 /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
3168 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x000100 /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
3169 #define NC_UUpsert   0x000200 /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
3170 #define NC_UBaseReg  0x000400 /* True if uNC.iBaseReg is used */
3171 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x001000 /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
3172 #define NC_Complex   0x002000 /* True if a function or subquery seen */
3173 #define NC_AllowWin  0x004000 /* Window functions are allowed here */
3174 #define NC_HasWin    0x008000 /* One or more window functions seen */
3175 #define NC_IsDDL     0x010000 /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
3176 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x020000 /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
3177 #define NC_FromDDL   0x040000 /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
3178 #define NC_NoSelect  0x080000 /* Do not descend into sub-selects */
3179 #define NC_OrderAgg 0x8000000 /* Has an aggregate other than count/min/max */
3180 
3181 /*
3182 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
3183 ** clause in an upsert.
3184 **
3185 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
3186 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
3187 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
3188 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
3189 **
3190 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
3191 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
3192 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
3193 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
3194 */
3195 struct Upsert {
3196   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflict target */
3197   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
3198   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3199   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3200   Upsert *pNextUpsert;      /* Next ON CONFLICT clause in the list */
3201   u8 isDoUpdate;            /* True for DO UPDATE.  False for DO NOTHING */
3202   /* Above this point is the parse tree for the ON CONFLICT clauses.
3203   ** The next group of fields stores intermediate data. */
3204   void *pToFree;            /* Free memory when deleting the Upsert object */
3205   /* All fields above are owned by the Upsert object and must be freed
3206   ** when the Upsert is destroyed.  The fields below are used to transfer
3207   ** information from the INSERT processing down into the UPDATE processing
3208   ** while generating code.  The fields below are owned by the INSERT
3209   ** statement and will be freed by INSERT processing. */
3210   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* UNIQUE constraint specified by pUpsertTarget */
3211   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
3212   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
3213   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
3214   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
3215 };
3216 
3217 /*
3218 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
3219 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
3220 **
3221 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
3222 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
3223 **
3224 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
3225 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
3226 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
3227 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
3228 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
3229 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
3230 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
3231 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
3232 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
3233 */
3234 struct Select {
3235   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
3236   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
3237   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
3238   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
3239   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
3240   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
3241   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
3242   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
3243   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
3244   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
3245   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
3246   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
3247   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
3248   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
3249   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
3250   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
3251 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3252   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
3253   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
3254 #endif
3255 };
3256 
3257 /*
3258 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
3259 ** "Select Flag".
3260 **
3261 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
3262 **     SF_HasAgg      == NC_HasAgg
3263 **     SF_MinMaxAgg   == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3264 **     SF_OrderByReqd == NC_OrderAgg      == SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER
3265 **     SF_FixedLimit  == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
3266 */
3267 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
3268 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
3269 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
3270 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
3271 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
3272 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
3273 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
3274 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
3275 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
3276 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
3277 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
3278 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
3279 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
3280 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
3281 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
3282 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3283 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3284 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
3285 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
3286 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
3287 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
3288 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
3289 #define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
3290 #define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
3291 #define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
3292 #define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
3293 #define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
3294 #define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */
3295 
3296 /*
3297 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
3298 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
3299 ** Type".
3300 **
3301 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
3302 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
3303 **
3304 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
3305 **
3306 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
3307 **                     set is not empty.
3308 **
3309 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
3310 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
3311 **                     the side-effects of functions.
3312 **
3313 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
3314 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
3315 **
3316 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
3317 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3318 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3319 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3320 **
3321 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3322 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3323 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3324 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3325 **
3326 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3327 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3328 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3329 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3330 **                     the table first.
3331 **
3332 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3333 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3334 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3335 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3336 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3337 **
3338 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3339 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3340 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3341 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3342 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3343 **
3344 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3345 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3346 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3347 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3348 **
3349 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3350 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3351 **                     are distinct.
3352 **
3353 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3354 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3355 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3356 **
3357 **     SRT_Upfrom      Store results in the temporary table already opened by
3358 **                     pDest->iSDParm. If (pDest->iSDParm<0), then the temp
3359 **                     table is an intkey table - in this case the first
3360 **                     column returned by the SELECT is used as the integer
3361 **                     key. If (pDest->iSDParm>0), then the table is an index
3362 **                     table. (pDest->iSDParm) is the number of key columns in
3363 **                     each index record in this case.
3364 */
3365 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3366 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3367 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3368 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3369 #define SRT_DistFifo     5  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3370 #define SRT_DistQueue    6  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3371 
3372 /* The DISTINCT clause is ignored for all of the above.  Not that
3373 ** IgnorableDistinct() implies IgnorableOrderby() */
3374 #define IgnorableDistinct(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3375 
3376 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3377 #define SRT_Fifo         8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3378 
3379 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3380 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Fifo)
3381 
3382 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3383 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3384 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3385 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3386 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3387 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3388 #define SRT_Upfrom      15  /* Store result as data with rowid */
3389 
3390 /*
3391 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3392 ** a SELECT statement.
3393 */
3394 struct SelectDest {
3395   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
3396   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3397   int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
3398   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3399   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3400   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3401   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3402 };
3403 
3404 /*
3405 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3406 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3407 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3408 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3409 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3410 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3411 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3412 */
3413 struct AutoincInfo {
3414   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3415   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3416   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3417   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3418 };
3419 
3420 /*
3421 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3422 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3423 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3424 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3425 ** completed.
3426 **
3427 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3428 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3429 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3430 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3431 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3432 **
3433 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3434 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3435 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3436 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3437 */
3438 struct TriggerPrg {
3439   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3440   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3441   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3442   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3443   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3444 };
3445 
3446 /*
3447 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3448 */
3449 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3450   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3451 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3452 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3453 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3454 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3455 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3456 #else
3457   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3458 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3459 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3460 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3461 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3462 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3463 #endif
3464 
3465 /*
3466 ** An instance of the ParseCleanup object specifies an operation that
3467 ** should be performed after parsing to deallocation resources obtained
3468 ** during the parse and which are no longer needed.
3469 */
3470 struct ParseCleanup {
3471   ParseCleanup *pNext;               /* Next cleanup task */
3472   void *pPtr;                        /* Pointer to object to deallocate */
3473   void (*xCleanup)(sqlite3*,void*);  /* Deallocation routine */
3474 };
3475 
3476 /*
3477 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3478 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3479 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3480 **
3481 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3482 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3483 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3484 ** each recursion.
3485 **
3486 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3487 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3488 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3489 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3490 ** list.
3491 */
3492 struct Parse {
3493   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3494   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3495   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3496   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3497   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3498   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3499   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3500   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3501   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3502   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3503   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3504   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3505   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3506   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3507 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
3508   u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
3509 #endif
3510   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3511   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3512   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3513   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3514   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3515   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3516   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3517                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3518   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3519   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3520   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3521   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3522   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3523   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3524   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3525   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3526   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3527   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3528   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3529 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3530   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3531   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3532 #endif
3533   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3534   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3535   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3536   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3537   union {
3538     int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
3539     Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
3540   } u1;
3541   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3542   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3543   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3544   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3545   u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
3546   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3547   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3548 
3549   /**************************************************************************
3550   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3551   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3552   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3553   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3554   **************************************************************************/
3555 
3556   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3557   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3558 
3559   /************************************************************************
3560   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3561   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3562   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3563   ** first field in the recursive region.
3564   ************************************************************************/
3565 
3566   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3567   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3568   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3569   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3570   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3571 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3572   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3573 #endif
3574   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3575 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3576   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3577 #endif
3578   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3579   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3580   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3581   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3582   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3583                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3584                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3585   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3586   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3587 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3588   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3589   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3590 #endif
3591   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3592   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3593   ParseCleanup *pCleanup;   /* List of cleanup operations to run after parse */
3594 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3595   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3596 #endif
3597 };
3598 
3599 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3600 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3601 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3602 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3603 
3604 /*
3605 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3606 */
3607 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3608 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3609 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3610 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3611 
3612 /*
3613 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3614 */
3615 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3616   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3617 #else
3618   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3619 #endif
3620 
3621 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3622   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3623 #else
3624   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3625 #endif
3626 
3627 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3628   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3629 #else
3630   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3631 #endif
3632 
3633 /*
3634 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3635 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3636 */
3637 struct AuthContext {
3638   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3639   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3640 };
3641 
3642 /*
3643 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3644 **
3645 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3646 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3647 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3648 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3649 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3650 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3651 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3652 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3653 */
3654 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3655                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3656 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3657 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3658 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3659 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3660 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3661 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3662 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3663 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3664 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3665 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3666 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3667 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3668 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3669 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3670 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3671 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3672 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3673 #define OPFLAG_PREFORMAT     0x80    /* OP_Insert uses preformatted cell */
3674 
3675 /*
3676  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3677  * struct Trigger.
3678  *
3679  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3680  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3681  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3682  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3683  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3684  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3685  *    struct Table.
3686  *
3687  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3688  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3689  */
3690 struct Trigger {
3691   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3692   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3693   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3694   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3695   u8 bReturning;          /* This trigger implements a RETURNING clause */
3696   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3697   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3698                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3699   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3700   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3701   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3702   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3703 };
3704 
3705 /*
3706 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3707 ** determine which.
3708 **
3709 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3710 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3711 */
3712 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3713 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3714 
3715 /*
3716  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3717  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3718  *
3719  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3720  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3721  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3722  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3723  *
3724  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3725  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3726  * value of "op" as follows:
3727  *
3728  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3729  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3730  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3731  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3732  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3733  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3734  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3735  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3736  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3737  *              inserted into.
3738  *
3739  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3740  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3741  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3742  *              Otherwise NULL.
3743  *
3744  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3745  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3746  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3747  *              Otherwise NULL.
3748  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3749  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3750  *              argument.
3751  *
3752  */
3753 struct TriggerStep {
3754   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT,
3755                        ** or TK_RETURNING */
3756   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3757   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3758   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3759   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3760   SrcList *pFrom;      /* FROM clause for UPDATE statement (if any) */
3761   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3762   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE, or RETURNING clause */
3763   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3764   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3765   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3766   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3767   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3768 };
3769 
3770 /*
3771 ** Information about a RETURNING clause
3772 */
3773 struct Returning {
3774   Parse *pParse;        /* The parse that includes the RETURNING clause */
3775   ExprList *pReturnEL;  /* List of expressions to return */
3776   Trigger retTrig;      /* The transient trigger that implements RETURNING */
3777   TriggerStep retTStep; /* The trigger step */
3778   int iRetCur;          /* Transient table holding RETURNING results */
3779   int nRetCol;          /* Number of in pReturnEL after expansion */
3780   int iRetReg;          /* Register array for holding a row of RETURNING */
3781 };
3782 
3783 /*
3784 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3785 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3786 */
3787 struct sqlite3_str {
3788   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3789   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3790   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3791   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3792   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3793   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3794   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3795 };
3796 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3797 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3798 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3799 
3800 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3801 
3802 
3803 /*
3804 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3805 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3806 */
3807 typedef struct {
3808   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3809   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3810   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3811   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3812   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3813   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3814   Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
3815 } InitData;
3816 
3817 /*
3818 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3819 */
3820 #define INITFLAG_AlterRename   0x0001  /* Reparse after a RENAME */
3821 #define INITFLAG_AlterDrop     0x0002  /* Reparse after a DROP COLUMN */
3822 
3823 /* Tuning parameters are set using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE and are controlled
3824 ** on debug-builds of the CLI using ".testctrl tune ID VALUE".  Tuning
3825 ** parameters are for temporary use during development, to help find
3826 ** optimial values for parameters in the query planner.  The should not
3827 ** be used on trunk check-ins.  They are a temporary mechanism available
3828 ** for transient development builds only.
3829 **
3830 ** Tuning parameters are numbered starting with 1.
3831 */
3832 #define SQLITE_NTUNE  6             /* Should be zero for all trunk check-ins */
3833 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3834 # define Tuning(X)  (sqlite3Config.aTune[(X)-1])
3835 #else
3836 # define Tuning(X)  0
3837 #endif
3838 
3839 /*
3840 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3841 **
3842 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3843 */
3844 struct Sqlite3Config {
3845   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3846   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3847   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3848   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3849   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3850   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3851   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3852   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3853   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3854   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3855   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3856   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3857   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3858   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3859   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3860   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3861   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3862   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3863   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3864   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3865   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3866   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3867   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3868   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3869   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3870   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3871   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3872   ** initially be zero, however. */
3873   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3874   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3875   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3876   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3877   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3878   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3879   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3880   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3881   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3882 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3883   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3884   void *pSqllogArg;
3885 #endif
3886 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3887   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3888   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3889   */
3890   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3891   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3892 #endif
3893 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
3894   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3895 #endif
3896 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3897   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3898 #endif
3899   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3900   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3901   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3902   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3903   /* vvvv--- must be last ---vvv */
3904 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3905   sqlite3_int64 aTune[SQLITE_NTUNE]; /* Tuning parameters */
3906 #endif
3907 };
3908 
3909 /*
3910 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3911 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3912 **
3913 **     assert( X );
3914 **
3915 ** One writes:
3916 **
3917 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3918 **
3919 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3920 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3921 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3922 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3923 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3924 */
3925 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3926 
3927 /*
3928 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3929 */
3930 struct Walker {
3931   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3932   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3933   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3934   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3935   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3936   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
3937   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3938     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3939     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3940     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3941     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3942     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3943     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3944     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3945     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3946     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3947     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3948     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3949     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3950     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3951     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3952     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
3953     SrcItem *pSrcItem;                        /* A single FROM clause item */
3954     DbFixer *pFix;
3955   } u;
3956 };
3957 
3958 /*
3959 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3960 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3961 ** explicit.
3962 */
3963 struct DbFixer {
3964   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3965   Walker w;           /* Walker object */
3966   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3967   u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
3968   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3969   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3970   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3971 };
3972 
3973 /* Forward declarations */
3974 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3975 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3976 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3977 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3978 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3979 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3980 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3981 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3982 int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker*,Select*);
3983 void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker*,Select*);
3984 void sqlite3WalkWinDefnDummyCallback(Walker*,Select*);
3985 
3986 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3987 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3988 #endif
3989 
3990 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
3991 void sqlite3SelectPopWith(Walker*, Select*);
3992 #else
3993 # define sqlite3SelectPopWith 0
3994 #endif
3995 
3996 /*
3997 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3998 ** callbacks.
3999 */
4000 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
4001 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
4002 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
4003 
4004 /*
4005 ** A single common table expression
4006 */
4007 struct Cte {
4008   char *zName;            /* Name of this CTE */
4009   ExprList *pCols;        /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
4010   Select *pSelect;        /* The definition of this CTE */
4011   const char *zCteErr;    /* Error message for circular references */
4012   CteUse *pUse;           /* Usage information for this CTE */
4013   u8 eM10d;               /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4014 };
4015 
4016 /*
4017 ** Allowed values for the materialized flag (eM10d):
4018 */
4019 #define M10d_Yes       0  /* AS MATERIALIZED */
4020 #define M10d_Any       1  /* Not specified.  Query planner's choice */
4021 #define M10d_No        2  /* AS NOT MATERIALIZED */
4022 
4023 /*
4024 ** An instance of the With object represents a WITH clause containing
4025 ** one or more CTEs (common table expressions).
4026 */
4027 struct With {
4028   int nCte;               /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
4029   int bView;              /* Belongs to the outermost Select of a view */
4030   With *pOuter;           /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
4031   Cte a[1];               /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
4032 };
4033 
4034 /*
4035 ** The Cte object is not guaranteed to persist for the entire duration
4036 ** of code generation.  (The query flattener or other parser tree
4037 ** edits might delete it.)  The following object records information
4038 ** about each Common Table Expression that must be preserved for the
4039 ** duration of the parse.
4040 **
4041 ** The CteUse objects are freed using sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() rather
4042 ** than sqlite3SelectDelete(), which is what enables them to persist
4043 ** until the end of code generation.
4044 */
4045 struct CteUse {
4046   int nUse;              /* Number of users of this CTE */
4047   int addrM9e;           /* Start of subroutine to compute materialization */
4048   int regRtn;            /* Return address register for addrM9e subroutine */
4049   int iCur;              /* Ephemeral table holding the materialization */
4050   LogEst nRowEst;        /* Estimated number of rows in the table */
4051   u8 eM10d;              /* The MATERIALIZED flag */
4052 };
4053 
4054 
4055 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4056 /*
4057 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
4058 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
4059 */
4060 struct TreeView {
4061   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
4062   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
4063 };
4064 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
4065 
4066 /*
4067 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
4068 ** functions.
4069 **
4070 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
4071 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
4072 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
4073 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
4074 **
4075 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
4076 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
4077 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
4078 **
4079 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
4080 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
4081 **
4082 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
4083 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
4084 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
4085 **
4086 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
4087 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
4088 */
4089 struct Window {
4090   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
4091   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
4092   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
4093   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
4094   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
4095   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4096   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
4097   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
4098   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
4099   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
4100   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
4101   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
4102   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
4103   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
4104   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
4105   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
4106   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
4107   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
4108   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
4109   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
4110   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
4111   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
4112   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
4113   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
4114   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
4115   int regStartRowid;
4116   int regEndRowid;
4117   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
4118                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
4119 };
4120 
4121 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4122 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
4123 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
4124 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4125 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
4126 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
4127 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
4128 int sqlite3WindowCompare(const Parse*, const Window*, const Window*, int);
4129 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
4130 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
4131 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
4132 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
4133 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
4134 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
4135 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
4136 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
4137 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
4138 #else
4139 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
4140 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
4141 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
4142 #endif
4143 
4144 /*
4145 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
4146 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
4147 */
4148 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
4149   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
4150     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
4151   }                                                    \
4152 }
4153 
4154 /*
4155 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
4156 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
4157 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
4158 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
4159 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
4160 */
4161 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
4162 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
4163 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
4164 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
4165 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4166 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
4167 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
4168 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4169   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
4170   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
4171 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
4172 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
4173 #else
4174 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
4175 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
4176 #endif
4177 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
4178   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
4179 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
4180 #else
4181 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
4182 #endif
4183 
4184 /*
4185 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
4186 */
4187 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4188 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
4189 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
4190 #endif
4191 
4192 /*
4193 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
4194 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
4195 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
4196 */
4197 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
4198 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
4199 #endif
4200 
4201 /*
4202 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
4203 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
4204 */
4205 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
4206     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
4207 # include <ctype.h>
4208 #endif
4209 
4210 /*
4211 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
4212 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
4213 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
4214 */
4215 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
4216 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
4217 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
4218 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
4219 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
4220 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
4221 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
4222 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
4223 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
4224 #else
4225 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
4226 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
4227 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
4228 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
4229 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4230 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4231 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
4232 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
4233 #endif
4234 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
4235 
4236 /*
4237 ** Internal function prototypes
4238 */
4239 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
4240 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
4241 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
4242 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
4243 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
4244 
4245 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
4246 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
4247 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
4248 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
4249 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
4250 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
4251 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
4252 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
4253 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
4254 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
4255 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
4256 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4257 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4258 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
4259 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
4260 int sqlite3MallocSize(const void*);
4261 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, const void*);
4262 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
4263 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
4264 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
4265 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4266 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
4267 #endif
4268 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
4269 
4270 /*
4271 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
4272 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
4273 ** obtain space from malloc().
4274 **
4275 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
4276 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
4277 */
4278 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
4279 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
4280 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
4281 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
4282 #else
4283 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
4284 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
4285 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
4286 #endif
4287 
4288 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
4289 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
4290 */
4291 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
4292 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
4293 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4294 #endif
4295 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4296 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
4297 #endif
4298 
4299 
4300 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
4301   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
4302   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
4303   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
4304   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
4305   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
4306 #endif
4307 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
4308   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
4309 #else
4310 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
4311 #endif
4312 
4313 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
4314 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
4315 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
4316 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
4317 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
4318 
4319 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
4320 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
4321 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
4322 
4323 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
4324 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
4325 #else
4326 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
4327 #endif
4328 
4329 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
4330 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
4331 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
4332 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
4333   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
4334 #else
4335 # define IsNaN(X)         0
4336 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
4337 #endif
4338 
4339 /*
4340 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
4341 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
4342 */
4343 struct PrintfArguments {
4344   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
4345   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
4346   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
4347 };
4348 
4349 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
4350 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
4351 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
4352   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
4353 #endif
4354 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4355   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
4356 #endif
4357 
4358 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
4359   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
4360   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
4361   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
4362   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
4363   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
4364   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
4365 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4366   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4367   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4368 #endif
4369 #endif
4370 
4371 
4372 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
4373 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4374 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
4375 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
4376 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
4377 void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
4378 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
4379 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
4380 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
4381 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
4382 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
4383 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
4384 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
4385 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
4386 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
4387 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4388 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
4389 #endif
4390 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
4391 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4392 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
4393 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
4394 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
4395 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
4396 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
4397 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, const Token*, int);
4398 void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,const Expr*,const FuncDef*);
4399 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
4400 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
4401 void sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4402 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4403 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4404 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
4405 Select *sqlite3ExprListToValues(Parse*, int, ExprList*);
4406 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
4407 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,const Token*,int);
4408 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
4409 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
4410 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
4411 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
4412 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
4413 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
4414 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
4415 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
4416 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4417 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
4418 #endif
4419 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
4420 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
4421 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
4422 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
4423 void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(Parse*,Table*,Column*,Expr*);
4424 Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table*,Column*);
4425 void sqlite3ColumnSetColl(sqlite3*,Column*,const char*zColl);
4426 const char *sqlite3ColumnColl(Column*);
4427 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
4428 void sqlite3GenerateColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect);
4429 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
4430 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
4431 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
4432 void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
4433 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
4434 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
4435 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4436 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4437 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4438 #else
4439   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
4440   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
4441 #endif
4442 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
4443 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
4444   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4445 #else
4446 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4447 #endif
4448 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token,Token);
4449 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4450 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4451 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*, const char*, const char*);
4452 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4453 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4454 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4455 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u32,Select*);
4456 void sqlite3AddReturning(Parse*,ExprList*);
4457 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4458                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4459 #define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4460 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4461 
4462 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4463 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4464 #else
4465   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4466 #endif
4467 
4468 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4469 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4470 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4471 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4472 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4473 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4474 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4475 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4476 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4477 #endif
4478 
4479 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4480 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4481 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4482 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4483 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4484 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4485 
4486 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4487 
4488 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4489   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4490 #else
4491 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4492 #endif
4493 
4494 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4495   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4496 #endif
4497 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4498 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4499 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4500 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4501 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4502   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4503   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4504 #else
4505 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4506 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4507 #endif
4508 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4509 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4510   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4511 #endif
4512 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4513 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4514 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4515 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4516 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
4517 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4518 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4519                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
4520 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4521 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4522 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, SrcItem *);
4523 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
4524 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4525 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4526 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4527 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4528 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4529                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4530 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4531 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4532 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4533                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4534 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4535 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4536 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4537 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4538 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4539 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4540 #endif
4541 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4542 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4543                    Upsert*);
4544 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
4545 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4546 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4547 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4548 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4549 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4550 void sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(Vdbe*,WhereInfo*);
4551 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4552 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4553 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4554 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4555 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4556 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4557 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4558 int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
4559 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4560 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4561 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4562 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4563 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4564 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4565 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Table*, Column*, int);
4566 #endif
4567 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4568 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4569 int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4570 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4571 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4572 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4573 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4574 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4575 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4576 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4577 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4578 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4579 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4580 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4581 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4582 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4583 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4584 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,SrcItem *);
4585 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4586 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4587 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4588 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4589 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4590 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, const Token*);
4591 int sqlite3ExprCompare(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4592 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*,Expr*,int);
4593 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(const ExprList*,const ExprList*, int);
4594 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(const Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*, int);
4595 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4596 void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker*,Parse*);
4597 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4598 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4599 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4600 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4601 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4602 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4603 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4604 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4605 #endif
4606 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4607 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4608 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4609 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4610 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4611 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4612 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4613 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4614 u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
4615 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4616 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4617 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4618 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4619 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4620 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4621 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4622 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4623 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4624 #endif
4625 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(const Expr*, int*);
4626 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4627 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4628 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4629 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4630     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4631 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4632 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4633 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4634 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4635 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4636                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4637 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4638   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4639 #else
4640 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4641 #endif
4642 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4643 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4644 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4645 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4646 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4647 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4648 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4649 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4650 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,const Expr*,int);
4651 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,const ExprList*,int);
4652 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,const SrcList*,int);
4653 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,const IdList*);
4654 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,const Select*,int);
4655 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4656 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4657 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4658 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4659 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4660 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4661 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4662 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4663 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4664 With *sqlite3WithDup(sqlite3 *db, With *p);
4665 
4666 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4667 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4668 #endif
4669 
4670 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4671   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4672                            Expr*,int, int);
4673   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4674   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4675   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4676   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4677   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4678   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4679                             int, int, int);
4680   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4681   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4682   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4683   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4684                                         const char*,const char*);
4685   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4686                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4687                                         const char*,const char*);
4688   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,
4689                                         Expr*, u8, const char*,const char*);
4690   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4691                                         const char*,const char*);
4692   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4693   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4694   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4695   SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(Parse*, TriggerStep*);
4696 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4697 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4698 #else
4699 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4700 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4701 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4702 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4703 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4704 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4705 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4706 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4707 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4708 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4709 # define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
4710 #endif
4711 
4712 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4713 int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol);
4714 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
4715 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4716 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4717 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4718   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4719   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4720   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4721   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4722   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4723 #else
4724 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4725 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4726 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4727 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4728 #endif
4729 int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName);
4730 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4731 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4732 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4733 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4734 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4735 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4736 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4737 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4738 void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
4739 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4740 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4741 int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
4742 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4743 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4744 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4745 #endif
4746 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4747 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4748 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4749 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4750 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4751 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4752 #endif
4753 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4754     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
4755     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4756 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4757 #endif
4758 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4759 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4760 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4761 
4762 /*
4763 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4764 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4765 ** file.
4766 */
4767 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4768 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4769 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4770 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4771 
4772 /*
4773 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4774 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4775 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4776 */
4777 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4778   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4779 #define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
4780   B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
4781 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4782   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4783   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4784 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4785 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4786 
4787 
4788 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4789 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4790 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4791 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4792 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(const Table*,int);
4793 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
4794 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4795 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4796 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4797 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4798 void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3*);
4799 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4800 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4801 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4802 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4803 
4804 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4805 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4806 #endif
4807 
4808 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
4809 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4810 #endif
4811 
4812 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4813 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4814 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4815 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4816 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4817 void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
4818 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4819 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4820 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*);
4821 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(const Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4822 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(const Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4823 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4824 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
4825 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4826 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4827 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4828 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, i64);
4829 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4830 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4831 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4832 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4833 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4834 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4835 #else
4836 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4837 #endif
4838 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4839 
4840 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4841 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4842 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4843                         void(*)(void*));
4844 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4845 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4846 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4847 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4848 #endif
4849 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4850 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4851 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4852 #endif
4853 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, const Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4854 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4855 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4856 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4857 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4858 extern const unsigned char sqlite3StdTypeLen[];
4859 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeAffinity[];
4860 extern const char sqlite3StdTypeMap[];
4861 extern const char *sqlite3StdType[];
4862 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4863 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aLTb;
4864 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aEQb;
4865 extern const unsigned char *sqlite3aGTb;
4866 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4867 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4868 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4869 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4870 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4871 #endif
4872 #endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
4873 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4874 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4875 #endif
4876 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, Pgno, Pgno);
4877 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4878 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4879 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4880 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4881 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4882 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4883 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4884 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4885 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4886 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4887 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, SrcItem*);
4888 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4889 int sqlite3MatchEName(
4890   const struct ExprList_item*,
4891   const char*,
4892   const char*,
4893   const char*
4894 );
4895 Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
4896 u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
4897 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4898 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4899 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4900 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4901 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4902 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4903 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4904 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4905 void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, const Token*);
4906 const void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, const void*, const Token*);
4907 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, const void *pTo, const void *pFrom);
4908 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4909 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4910 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4911 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4912 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4913 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4914 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4915 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4916 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4917 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4918 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4919 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4920 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4921 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4922 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4923 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4924 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4925 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4926 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4927 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4928 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4929 const char *sqlite3SelectOpName(int);
4930 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4931 
4932 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4933 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4934 #endif
4935 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4936   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4937   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4938   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4939   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4940   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4941   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4942 );
4943 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4944 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4945 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4946 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4947 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4948 
4949 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4950 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4951 void sqlite3StrAccumSetError(StrAccum*, u8);
4952 void sqlite3ResultStrAccum(sqlite3_context*,StrAccum*);
4953 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4954 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4955 
4956 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4957 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4958 
4959 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4960 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4961 #else
4962 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4963 #endif
4964 
4965 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
4966 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4967     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4968 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4969 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4970 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4971 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4972 #endif
4973 
4974 /*
4975 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4976 */
4977 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4978   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4979   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4980 #endif
4981 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4982 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4983 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4984   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4985 #endif
4986 
4987 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4988 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4989   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4990 #else
4991 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4992 #endif
4993 
4994 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4995   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, Pgno, u8, const char *);
4996 #else
4997   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4998 #endif
4999 
5000 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
5001   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
5002 #endif
5003 
5004 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5005 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(D,T)
5006 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
5007 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
5008 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
5009 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
5010 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
5011 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
5012 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
5013 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
5014 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
5015 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
5016 #else
5017    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
5018    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
5019    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
5020    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
5021    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
5022    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
5023    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
5024    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
5025    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
5026    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
5027    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
5028    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
5029    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
5030      sqlite3*,
5031      const char*,
5032      const sqlite3_module*,
5033      void*,
5034      void(*)(void*)
5035    );
5036 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
5037 #endif
5038 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
5039 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
5040   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
5041   int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3*,Table*,const char*);
5042 #else
5043 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
5044 # define sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(A,B,C) 0
5045 #endif
5046 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
5047 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
5048 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
5049 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
5050 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
5051 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
5052 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
5053 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
5054 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
5055 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
5056 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
5057 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
5058 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
5059 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
5060 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
5061 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
5062 void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
5063 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
5064 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
5065 #endif
5066 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
5067 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
5068 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
5069 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
5070 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
5071 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
5072 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
5073   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
5074   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
5075 #endif
5076 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
5077   Cte *sqlite3CteNew(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,u8);
5078   void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3*,Cte*);
5079   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Cte*);
5080   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
5081   With *sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
5082 #else
5083 # define sqlite3CteNew(P,T,E,S)   ((void*)0)
5084 # define sqlite3CteDelete(D,C)
5085 # define sqlite3CteWithAdd(P,W,C) ((void*)0)
5086 # define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
5087 # define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
5088 #endif
5089 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
5090   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
5091   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5092   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
5093   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
5094   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
5095   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);
5096   int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert*);
5097 #else
5098 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(u,v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
5099 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
5100 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)         ((Upsert*)0)
5101 #define sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(x,y)     ((Upsert*)0)
5102 #define sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(x)     0
5103 #endif
5104 
5105 
5106 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
5107 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
5108 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
5109 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
5110 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
5111 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
5112 */
5113 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
5114   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
5115   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
5116   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
5117   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
5118   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
5119   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
5120 #else
5121   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5122   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
5123   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
5124   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
5125   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
5126   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
5127 #endif
5128 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
5129   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
5130   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
5131 #else
5132   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
5133   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
5134 #endif
5135 
5136 
5137 /*
5138 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
5139 */
5140 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
5141 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
5142 
5143 /*
5144 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
5145 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5146 ** is not defined.
5147 */
5148 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
5149   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
5150   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
5151 #else
5152   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
5153   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
5154 #endif
5155 
5156 /*
5157 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
5158 */
5159 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
5160 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
5161 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
5162 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
5163 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
5164 /*
5165 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
5166 */
5167 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
5168 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
5169 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
5170 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
5171 
5172 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
5173 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
5174 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
5175  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
5176   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
5177 #endif
5178 
5179 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
5180 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
5181 
5182 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
5183 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
5184   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(const Select *);
5185   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
5186 #else
5187   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
5188   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
5189 #endif
5190 
5191 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
5192 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
5193 
5194 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
5195   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
5196   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
5197   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
5198 #else
5199   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
5200   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
5201   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
5202 #endif
5203 
5204 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
5205   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
5206 #endif
5207 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
5208   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
5209 #endif
5210 
5211 /*
5212 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
5213 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
5214 ** print I/O tracing messages.
5215 */
5216 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
5217 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
5218   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
5219 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
5220 #else
5221 # define IOTRACE(A)
5222 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
5223 #endif
5224 
5225 /*
5226 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
5227 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
5228 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
5229 **
5230 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
5231 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
5232 ** a single bit set.
5233 **
5234 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
5235 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5236 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
5237 **
5238 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
5239 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5240 **
5241 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
5242 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
5243 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
5244 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
5245 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
5246 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
5247 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
5248 ** this constraint.
5249 **
5250 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
5251 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
5252 */
5253 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
5254   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
5255   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
5256   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
5257 #else
5258 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
5259 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
5260 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
5261 #endif
5262 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
5263 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
5264 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
5265 
5266 /*
5267 ** Threading interface
5268 */
5269 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
5270 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
5271 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
5272 #endif
5273 
5274 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5275 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
5276 #endif
5277 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5278 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
5279 #endif
5280 
5281 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(const Expr *pExpr);
5282 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(const Expr *pExpr);
5283 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
5284 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int,int);
5285 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
5286 
5287 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
5288 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
5289 #endif
5290 
5291 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
5292