xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqliteInt.h (revision 0bf33346)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
13 **
14 */
15 #ifndef SQLITEINT_H
16 #define SQLITEINT_H
17 
18 /* Special Comments:
19 **
20 ** Some comments have special meaning to the tools that measure test
21 ** coverage:
22 **
23 **    NO_TEST                     - The branches on this line are not
24 **                                  measured by branch coverage.  This is
25 **                                  used on lines of code that actually
26 **                                  implement parts of coverage testing.
27 **
28 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE        - This branch is allowed to alway be false
29 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
30 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
31 **
32 **    OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE       - This branch is allowed to alway be true
33 **                                  and the correct answer is still obtained,
34 **                                  though perhaps more slowly.
35 **
36 **    PREVENTS-HARMLESS-OVERREAD  - This branch prevents a buffer overread
37 **                                  that would be harmless and undetectable
38 **                                  if it did occur.
39 **
40 ** In all cases, the special comment must be enclosed in the usual
41 ** slash-asterisk...asterisk-slash comment marks, with no spaces between the
42 ** asterisks and the comment text.
43 */
44 
45 /*
46 ** Make sure the Tcl calling convention macro is defined.  This macro is
47 ** only used by test code and Tcl integration code.
48 */
49 #ifndef SQLITE_TCLAPI
50 #  define SQLITE_TCLAPI
51 #endif
52 
53 /*
54 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
55 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
56 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
57 ** that are included by this file.
58 */
59 #include "msvc.h"
60 
61 /*
62 ** Special setup for VxWorks
63 */
64 #include "vxworks.h"
65 
66 /*
67 ** These #defines should enable >2GB file support on POSIX if the
68 ** underlying operating system supports it.  If the OS lacks
69 ** large file support, or if the OS is windows, these should be no-ops.
70 **
71 ** Ticket #2739:  The _LARGEFILE_SOURCE macro must appear before any
72 ** system #includes.  Hence, this block of code must be the very first
73 ** code in all source files.
74 **
75 ** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
76 ** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
77 ** on a recent machine (ex: Red Hat 7.2) but you want your code to work
78 ** on an older machine (ex: Red Hat 6.0).  If you compile on Red Hat 7.2
79 ** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
80 ** in Red Hat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
81 ** portability you should omit LFS.
82 **
83 ** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
84 ** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
85 ** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
86 ** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
87 **
88 ** Similar is true for Mac OS X.  LFS is only supported on Mac OS X 9 and later.
89 */
90 #ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
91 # define _LARGE_FILE       1
92 # ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
93 #   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
94 # endif
95 # define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
96 #endif
97 
98 /* The GCC_VERSION and MSVC_VERSION macros are used to
99 ** conditionally include optimizations for each of these compilers.  A
100 ** value of 0 means that compiler is not being used.  The
101 ** SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC macro means do not use any compiler-specific
102 ** optimizations, and hence set all compiler macros to 0
103 **
104 ** There was once also a CLANG_VERSION macro.  However, we learn that the
105 ** version numbers in clang are for "marketing" only and are inconsistent
106 ** and unreliable.  Fortunately, all versions of clang also recognize the
107 ** gcc version numbers and have reasonable settings for gcc version numbers,
108 ** so the GCC_VERSION macro will be set to a correct non-zero value even
109 ** when compiling with clang.
110 */
111 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
112 # define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
113 #else
114 # define GCC_VERSION 0
115 #endif
116 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
117 # define MSVC_VERSION _MSC_VER
118 #else
119 # define MSVC_VERSION 0
120 #endif
121 
122 /*
123 ** Some C99 functions in "math.h" are only present for MSVC when its version
124 ** is associated with Visual Studio 2013 or higher.
125 */
126 #ifndef SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS
127 # if MSVC_VERSION==0 || MSVC_VERSION>=1800
128 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (1)
129 # else
130 #  define SQLITE_HAVE_C99_MATH_FUNCS (0)
131 # endif
132 #endif
133 
134 /* Needed for various definitions... */
135 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
136 # define _GNU_SOURCE
137 #endif
138 
139 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
140 # define _BSD_SOURCE
141 #endif
142 
143 /*
144 ** Macro to disable warnings about missing "break" at the end of a "case".
145 */
146 #if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
147 # define deliberate_fall_through __attribute__((fallthrough));
148 #else
149 # define deliberate_fall_through
150 #endif
151 
152 /*
153 ** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
154 ** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
155 ** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
156 ** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
157 ** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
158 ** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block
159 ** would be completely unnecessary if there was any other way of detecting
160 ** MinGW via their preprocessor (e.g. if they customized their GCC to define
161 ** some MinGW-specific macros).  When compiling for MinGW, either the
162 ** _HAVE_MINGW_H or _HAVE__MINGW_H (note the extra underscore) macro must be
163 ** defined; otherwise, detection of conditions specific to MinGW will be
164 ** disabled.
165 */
166 #if defined(_HAVE_MINGW_H)
167 # include "mingw.h"
168 #elif defined(_HAVE__MINGW_H)
169 # include "_mingw.h"
170 #endif
171 
172 /*
173 ** For MinGW version 4.x (and higher), check to see if the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
174 ** define is required to maintain binary compatibility with the MSVC runtime
175 ** library in use (e.g. for Windows XP).
176 */
177 #if !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T) && !defined(_USE_64BIT_TIME_T) && \
178     defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64) && \
179     defined(__MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION) && __MINGW_MAJOR_VERSION >= 4 && \
180     defined(__MSVCRT__)
181 # define _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
182 #endif
183 
184 /* The public SQLite interface.  The _FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro must appear
185 ** first in QNX.  Also, the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T macro must appear first for
186 ** MinGW.
187 */
188 #include "sqlite3.h"
189 
190 /*
191 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
192 ** autoconf-based build
193 */
194 #if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
195 #include "config.h"
196 #define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
197 #endif
198 
199 #include "sqliteLimit.h"
200 
201 /* Disable nuisance warnings on Borland compilers */
202 #if defined(__BORLANDC__)
203 #pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
204 #pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
205 #pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
206 #pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
207 #pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
208 #endif
209 
210 /*
211 ** WAL mode depends on atomic aligned 32-bit loads and stores in a few
212 ** places.  The following macros try to make this explicit.
213 */
214 #ifndef __has_extension
215 # define __has_extension(x) 0     /* compatibility with non-clang compilers */
216 #endif
217 #if GCC_VERSION>=4007000 || __has_extension(c_atomic)
218 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       __atomic_load_n((PTR),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
219 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  __atomic_store_n((PTR),(VAL),__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
220 #else
221 # define AtomicLoad(PTR)       (*(PTR))
222 # define AtomicStore(PTR,VAL)  (*(PTR) = (VAL))
223 #endif
224 
225 /*
226 ** Include standard header files as necessary
227 */
228 #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
229 #include <stdint.h>
230 #endif
231 #ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
232 #include <inttypes.h>
233 #endif
234 
235 /*
236 ** The following macros are used to cast pointers to integers and
237 ** integers to pointers.  The way you do this varies from one compiler
238 ** to the next, so we have developed the following set of #if statements
239 ** to generate appropriate macros for a wide range of compilers.
240 **
241 ** The correct "ANSI" way to do this is to use the intptr_t type.
242 ** Unfortunately, that typedef is not available on all compilers, or
243 ** if it is available, it requires an #include of specific headers
244 ** that vary from one machine to the next.
245 **
246 ** Ticket #3860:  The llvm-gcc-4.2 compiler from Apple chokes on
247 ** the ((void*)&((char*)0)[X]) construct.  But MSVC chokes on ((void*)(X)).
248 ** So we have to define the macros in different ways depending on the
249 ** compiler.
250 */
251 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)   /* Use this case if we have ANSI headers */
252 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(intptr_t)(X))
253 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(intptr_t)(X))
254 #elif defined(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)  /* This case should work for GCC */
255 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
256 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(__PTRDIFF_TYPE__)(X))
257 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)       /* Works for compilers other than LLVM */
258 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)&((char*)0)[X])
259 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(((char*)X)-(char*)0))
260 #else                          /* Generates a warning - but it always works */
261 # define SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(X)  ((void*)(X))
262 # define SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(X)  ((int)(X))
263 #endif
264 
265 /*
266 ** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
267 ** inlined.
268 */
269 #if defined(__GNUC__)
270 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
271 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
272 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
273 #else
274 #  define SQLITE_NOINLINE
275 #endif
276 
277 /*
278 ** Make sure that the compiler intrinsics we desire are enabled when
279 ** compiling with an appropriate version of MSVC unless prevented by
280 ** the SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC define.
281 */
282 #if !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
283 #  if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
284 #    if !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
285 #      include <intrin.h>
286 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
287 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
288 #      pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
289 #      pragma intrinsic(_ReadWriteBarrier)
290 #    else
291 #      include <cmnintrin.h>
292 #    endif
293 #  endif
294 #endif
295 
296 /*
297 ** The SQLITE_THREADSAFE macro must be defined as 0, 1, or 2.
298 ** 0 means mutexes are permanently disable and the library is never
299 ** threadsafe.  1 means the library is serialized which is the highest
300 ** level of threadsafety.  2 means the library is multithreaded - multiple
301 ** threads can use SQLite as long as no two threads try to use the same
302 ** database connection at the same time.
303 **
304 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
305 ** We support that for legacy.
306 **
307 ** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
308 ** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
309 ** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
310 ** also be updated there.
311 */
312 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
313 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
314 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE THREADSAFE
315 # else
316 #   define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 1 /* IMP: R-07272-22309 */
317 # endif
318 #endif
319 
320 /*
321 ** Powersafe overwrite is on by default.  But can be turned off using
322 ** the -DSQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE=0 command-line option.
323 */
324 #ifndef SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
325 # define SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE 1
326 #endif
327 
328 /*
329 ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-25715-37072 Memory allocation statistics are enabled by
330 ** default unless SQLite is compiled with SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0 in
331 ** which case memory allocation statistics are disabled by default.
332 */
333 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS)
334 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 1
335 #endif
336 
337 /*
338 ** Exactly one of the following macros must be defined in order to
339 ** specify which memory allocation subsystem to use.
340 **
341 **     SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC          // Use normal system malloc()
342 **     SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC           // Use Win32 native heap API
343 **     SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC            // Use a stub allocator that always fails
344 **     SQLITE_MEMDEBUG               // Debugging version of system malloc()
345 **
346 ** On Windows, if the SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC_VALIDATE macro is defined and the
347 ** assert() macro is enabled, each call into the Win32 native heap subsystem
348 ** will cause HeapValidate to be called.  If heap validation should fail, an
349 ** assertion will be triggered.
350 **
351 ** If none of the above are defined, then set SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC as
352 ** the default.
353 */
354 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
355   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
356   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
357   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)>1
358 # error "Two or more of the following compile-time configuration options\
359  are defined but at most one is allowed:\
360  SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC, SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC, SQLITE_MEMDEBUG,\
361  SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC"
362 #endif
363 #if defined(SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC) \
364   + defined(SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC) \
365   + defined(SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC) \
366   + defined(SQLITE_MEMDEBUG)==0
367 # define SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC 1
368 #endif
369 
370 /*
371 ** If SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT is not zero, then try to keep the
372 ** sizes of memory allocations below this value where possible.
373 */
374 #if !defined(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT)
375 # define SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT 1024
376 #endif
377 
378 /*
379 ** We need to define _XOPEN_SOURCE as follows in order to enable
380 ** recursive mutexes on most Unix systems and fchmod() on OpenBSD.
381 ** But _XOPEN_SOURCE define causes problems for Mac OS X, so omit
382 ** it.
383 */
384 #if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) && !defined(__DARWIN__) && !defined(__APPLE__)
385 #  define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
386 #endif
387 
388 /*
389 ** NDEBUG and SQLITE_DEBUG are opposites.  It should always be true that
390 ** defined(NDEBUG)==!defined(SQLITE_DEBUG).  If this is not currently true,
391 ** make it true by defining or undefining NDEBUG.
392 **
393 ** Setting NDEBUG makes the code smaller and faster by disabling the
394 ** assert() statements in the code.  So we want the default action
395 ** to be for NDEBUG to be set and NDEBUG to be undefined only if SQLITE_DEBUG
396 ** is set.  Thus NDEBUG becomes an opt-in rather than an opt-out
397 ** feature.
398 */
399 #if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
400 # define NDEBUG 1
401 #endif
402 #if defined(NDEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
403 # undef NDEBUG
404 #endif
405 
406 /*
407 ** Enable SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS if SQLITE_DEBUG is turned on.
408 */
409 #if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
410 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS 1
411 #endif
412 
413 /*
414 ** The testcase() macro is used to aid in coverage testing.  When
415 ** doing coverage testing, the condition inside the argument to
416 ** testcase() must be evaluated both true and false in order to
417 ** get full branch coverage.  The testcase() macro is inserted
418 ** to help ensure adequate test coverage in places where simple
419 ** condition/decision coverage is inadequate.  For example, testcase()
420 ** can be used to make sure boundary values are tested.  For
421 ** bitmask tests, testcase() can be used to make sure each bit
422 ** is significant and used at least once.  On switch statements
423 ** where multiple cases go to the same block of code, testcase()
424 ** can insure that all cases are evaluated.
425 **
426 */
427 #ifdef SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
428   void sqlite3Coverage(int);
429 # define testcase(X)  if( X ){ sqlite3Coverage(__LINE__); }
430 #else
431 # define testcase(X)
432 #endif
433 
434 /*
435 ** The TESTONLY macro is used to enclose variable declarations or
436 ** other bits of code that are needed to support the arguments
437 ** within testcase() and assert() macros.
438 */
439 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
440 # define TESTONLY(X)  X
441 #else
442 # define TESTONLY(X)
443 #endif
444 
445 /*
446 ** Sometimes we need a small amount of code such as a variable initialization
447 ** to setup for a later assert() statement.  We do not want this code to
448 ** appear when assert() is disabled.  The following macro is therefore
449 ** used to contain that setup code.  The "VVA" acronym stands for
450 ** "Verification, Validation, and Accreditation".  In other words, the
451 ** code within VVA_ONLY() will only run during verification processes.
452 */
453 #ifndef NDEBUG
454 # define VVA_ONLY(X)  X
455 #else
456 # define VVA_ONLY(X)
457 #endif
458 
459 /*
460 ** The ALWAYS and NEVER macros surround boolean expressions which
461 ** are intended to always be true or false, respectively.  Such
462 ** expressions could be omitted from the code completely.  But they
463 ** are included in a few cases in order to enhance the resilience
464 ** of SQLite to unexpected behavior - to make the code "self-healing"
465 ** or "ductile" rather than being "brittle" and crashing at the first
466 ** hint of unplanned behavior.
467 **
468 ** In other words, ALWAYS and NEVER are added for defensive code.
469 **
470 ** When doing coverage testing ALWAYS and NEVER are hard-coded to
471 ** be true and false so that the unreachable code they specify will
472 ** not be counted as untested code.
473 */
474 #if defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
475 # define ALWAYS(X)      (1)
476 # define NEVER(X)       (0)
477 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
478 # define ALWAYS(X)      ((X)?1:(assert(0),0))
479 # define NEVER(X)       ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
480 #else
481 # define ALWAYS(X)      (X)
482 # define NEVER(X)       (X)
483 #endif
484 
485 /*
486 ** The harmless(X) macro indicates that expression X is usually false
487 ** but can be true without causing any problems, but we don't know of
488 ** any way to cause X to be true.
489 **
490 ** In debugging and testing builds, this macro will abort if X is ever
491 ** true.  In this way, developers are alerted to a possible test case
492 ** that causes X to be true.  If a harmless macro ever fails, that is
493 ** an opportunity to change the macro into a testcase() and add a new
494 ** test case to the test suite.
495 **
496 ** For normal production builds, harmless(X) is a no-op, since it does
497 ** not matter whether expression X is true or false.
498 */
499 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
500 # define harmless(X)  assert(!(X));
501 #else
502 # define harmless(X)
503 #endif
504 
505 /*
506 ** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
507 ** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
508 ** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
509 **
510 ** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
511 */
512 #if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
513 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
514 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
515 #else
516 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
517 # define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
518 #endif
519 
520 /*
521 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
522 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
523 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
524 ** during a normal build.  The following macro can be used to disable tests
525 ** that are always false except when SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is set.
526 */
527 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS)
528 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (X)
529 #elif !defined(NDEBUG)
530 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  ((X)?(assert(0),1):0)
531 #else
532 # define ONLY_IF_REALLOC_STRESS(X)  (0)
533 #endif
534 
535 /*
536 ** Declarations used for tracing the operating system interfaces.
537 */
538 #if defined(SQLITE_FORCE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
539     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
540   extern int sqlite3OSTrace;
541 # define OSTRACE(X)          if( sqlite3OSTrace ) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
542 # define SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
543 #else
544 # define OSTRACE(X)
545 # undef  SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE
546 #endif
547 
548 /*
549 ** Is the sqlite3ErrName() function needed in the build?  Currently,
550 ** it is needed by "mutex_w32.c" (when debugging), "os_win.c" (when
551 ** OSTRACE is enabled), and by several "test*.c" files (which are
552 ** compiled using SQLITE_TEST).
553 */
554 #if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE) || defined(SQLITE_TEST) || \
555     (defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && SQLITE_OS_WIN)
556 # define SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
557 #else
558 # undef  SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
559 #endif
560 
561 /*
562 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS is incompatible with SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
563 */
564 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
565 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
566 #endif
567 
568 /*
569 ** Return true (non-zero) if the input is an integer that is too large
570 ** to fit in 32-bits.  This macro is used inside of various testcase()
571 ** macros to verify that we have tested SQLite for large-file support.
572 */
573 #define IS_BIG_INT(X)  (((X)&~(i64)0xffffffff)!=0)
574 
575 /*
576 ** The macro unlikely() is a hint that surrounds a boolean
577 ** expression that is usually false.  Macro likely() surrounds
578 ** a boolean expression that is usually true.  These hints could,
579 ** in theory, be used by the compiler to generate better code, but
580 ** currently they are just comments for human readers.
581 */
582 #define likely(X)    (X)
583 #define unlikely(X)  (X)
584 
585 #include "hash.h"
586 #include "parse.h"
587 #include <stdio.h>
588 #include <stdlib.h>
589 #include <string.h>
590 #include <assert.h>
591 #include <stddef.h>
592 
593 /*
594 ** Use a macro to replace memcpy() if compiled with SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY.
595 ** This allows better measurements of where memcpy() is used when running
596 ** cachegrind.  But this macro version of memcpy() is very slow so it
597 ** should not be used in production.  This is a performance measurement
598 ** hack only.
599 */
600 #ifdef SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
601 # define memcpy(D,S,N) {char*xxd=(char*)(D);const char*xxs=(const char*)(S);\
602                         int xxn=(N);while(xxn-->0)*(xxd++)=*(xxs++);}
603 #endif
604 
605 /*
606 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
607 ** substitute integer for floating-point
608 */
609 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
610 # define double sqlite_int64
611 # define float sqlite_int64
612 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite_int64
613 # ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
614 #   define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (((sqlite3_int64)1)<<50)
615 # endif
616 # define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1
617 # define SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE 1
618 # undef SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
619 # undef SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
620 #endif
621 #ifndef SQLITE_BIG_DBL
622 # define SQLITE_BIG_DBL (1e99)
623 #endif
624 
625 /*
626 ** OMIT_TEMPDB is set to 1 if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB is defined, or 0
627 ** afterward. Having this macro allows us to cause the C compiler
628 ** to omit code used by TEMP tables without messy #ifndef statements.
629 */
630 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
631 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 1
632 #else
633 #define OMIT_TEMPDB 0
634 #endif
635 
636 /*
637 ** The "file format" number is an integer that is incremented whenever
638 ** the VDBE-level file format changes.  The following macros define the
639 ** the default file format for new databases and the maximum file format
640 ** that the library can read.
641 */
642 #define SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT 4
643 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
644 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT 4
645 #endif
646 
647 /*
648 ** Determine whether triggers are recursive by default.  This can be
649 ** changed at run-time using a pragma.
650 */
651 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
652 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS 0
653 #endif
654 
655 /*
656 ** Provide a default value for SQLITE_TEMP_STORE in case it is not specified
657 ** on the command-line
658 */
659 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
660 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
661 #endif
662 
663 /*
664 ** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
665 ** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it
666 ** to zero.
667 */
668 #if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3 || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0
669 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
670 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
671 #endif
672 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
673 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 8
674 #endif
675 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
676 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
677 #endif
678 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
679 # undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
680 # define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
681 #endif
682 
683 /*
684 ** The default initial allocation for the pagecache when using separate
685 ** pagecaches for each database connection.  A positive number is the
686 ** number of pages.  A negative number N translations means that a buffer
687 ** of -1024*N bytes is allocated and used for as many pages as it will hold.
688 **
689 ** The default value of "20" was choosen to minimize the run-time of the
690 ** speedtest1 test program with options: --shrink-memory --reprepare
691 */
692 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
693 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ 20
694 #endif
695 
696 /*
697 ** Default value for the SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option.
698 */
699 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE
700 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE 0x7fffffff
701 #endif
702 
703 /*
704 ** The compile-time options SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and
705 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE are not compatible with one another.
706 ** You must choose one or the other (or neither) but not both.
707 */
708 #if defined(SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
709 #error Cannot use both SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE and SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
710 #endif
711 
712 /*
713 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
714 ** ourselves.
715 */
716 #ifndef offsetof
717 #define offsetof(STRUCTURE,FIELD) ((int)((char*)&((STRUCTURE*)0)->FIELD))
718 #endif
719 
720 /*
721 ** Macros to compute minimum and maximum of two numbers.
722 */
723 #ifndef MIN
724 # define MIN(A,B) ((A)<(B)?(A):(B))
725 #endif
726 #ifndef MAX
727 # define MAX(A,B) ((A)>(B)?(A):(B))
728 #endif
729 
730 /*
731 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
732 */
733 #define SWAP(TYPE,A,B) {TYPE t=A; A=B; B=t;}
734 
735 /*
736 ** Check to see if this machine uses EBCDIC.  (Yes, believe it or
737 ** not, there are still machines out there that use EBCDIC.)
738 */
739 #if 'A' == '\301'
740 # define SQLITE_EBCDIC 1
741 #else
742 # define SQLITE_ASCII 1
743 #endif
744 
745 /*
746 ** Integers of known sizes.  These typedefs might change for architectures
747 ** where the sizes very.  Preprocessor macros are available so that the
748 ** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type.  Like this:
749 **
750 **         cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
751 */
752 #ifndef UINT32_TYPE
753 # ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
754 #  define UINT32_TYPE uint32_t
755 # else
756 #  define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
757 # endif
758 #endif
759 #ifndef UINT16_TYPE
760 # ifdef HAVE_UINT16_T
761 #  define UINT16_TYPE uint16_t
762 # else
763 #  define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
764 # endif
765 #endif
766 #ifndef INT16_TYPE
767 # ifdef HAVE_INT16_T
768 #  define INT16_TYPE int16_t
769 # else
770 #  define INT16_TYPE short int
771 # endif
772 #endif
773 #ifndef UINT8_TYPE
774 # ifdef HAVE_UINT8_T
775 #  define UINT8_TYPE uint8_t
776 # else
777 #  define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
778 # endif
779 #endif
780 #ifndef INT8_TYPE
781 # ifdef HAVE_INT8_T
782 #  define INT8_TYPE int8_t
783 # else
784 #  define INT8_TYPE signed char
785 # endif
786 #endif
787 #ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
788 # define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
789 #endif
790 typedef sqlite_int64 i64;          /* 8-byte signed integer */
791 typedef sqlite_uint64 u64;         /* 8-byte unsigned integer */
792 typedef UINT32_TYPE u32;           /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
793 typedef UINT16_TYPE u16;           /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
794 typedef INT16_TYPE i16;            /* 2-byte signed integer */
795 typedef UINT8_TYPE u8;             /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
796 typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
797 
798 /*
799 ** SQLITE_MAX_U32 is a u64 constant that is the maximum u64 value
800 ** that can be stored in a u32 without loss of data.  The value
801 ** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
802 ** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
803 */
804 #define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)
805 
806 /*
807 ** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
808 ** table or index.  This is an unsigned integer type.  For 99.9% of
809 ** the world, a 32-bit integer is sufficient.  But a 64-bit integer
810 ** can be used at compile-time if desired.
811 */
812 #ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
813  typedef u64 tRowcnt;    /* 64-bit only if requested at compile-time */
814 #else
815  typedef u32 tRowcnt;    /* 32-bit is the default */
816 #endif
817 
818 /*
819 ** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
820 ** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
821 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
822 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
823 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
824 ** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantities are suppose to be estimates,
825 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
826 **
827 ** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
828 **
829 ** Examples:
830 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
831 **      2 -> 10             25 -> 46          25000 -> 146
832 **      3 -> 16            100 -> 66        1000000 -> 199
833 **      4 -> 20           1000 -> 99        1048576 -> 200
834 **     10 -> 33           1024 -> 100    4294967296 -> 320
835 **
836 ** The LogEst can be negative to indicate fractional values.
837 ** Examples:
838 **
839 **    0.5 -> -10           0.1 -> -33        0.0625 -> -40
840 */
841 typedef INT16_TYPE LogEst;
842 
843 /*
844 ** Set the SQLITE_PTRSIZE macro to the number of bytes in a pointer
845 */
846 #ifndef SQLITE_PTRSIZE
847 # if defined(__SIZEOF_POINTER__)
848 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE __SIZEOF_POINTER__
849 # elif defined(i386)     || defined(__i386__)   || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
850        defined(_M_ARM)   || defined(__arm__)    || defined(__x86)   ||    \
851       (defined(__TOS_AIX__) && !defined(__64BIT__))
852 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 4
853 # else
854 #   define SQLITE_PTRSIZE 8
855 # endif
856 #endif
857 
858 /* The uptr type is an unsigned integer large enough to hold a pointer
859 */
860 #if defined(HAVE_STDINT_H)
861   typedef uintptr_t uptr;
862 #elif SQLITE_PTRSIZE==4
863   typedef u32 uptr;
864 #else
865   typedef u64 uptr;
866 #endif
867 
868 /*
869 ** The SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) macro checks to see if pointer P points to
870 ** something between S (inclusive) and E (exclusive).
871 **
872 ** In other words, S is a buffer and E is a pointer to the first byte after
873 ** the end of buffer S.  This macro returns true if P points to something
874 ** contained within the buffer S.
875 */
876 #define SQLITE_WITHIN(P,S,E) (((uptr)(P)>=(uptr)(S))&&((uptr)(P)<(uptr)(E)))
877 
878 
879 /*
880 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
881 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
882 **
883 ** For best performance, an attempt is made to guess at the byte-order
884 ** using C-preprocessor macros.  If that is unsuccessful, or if
885 ** -DSQLITE_BYTEORDER=0 is set, then byte-order is determined
886 ** at run-time.
887 */
888 #ifndef SQLITE_BYTEORDER
889 # if defined(i386)      || defined(__i386__)      || defined(_M_IX86) ||    \
890      defined(__x86_64)  || defined(__x86_64__)    || defined(_M_X64)  ||    \
891      defined(_M_AMD64)  || defined(_M_ARM)        || defined(__x86)   ||    \
892      defined(__ARMEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
893 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    1234
894 # elif defined(sparc)     || defined(__ppc__) || \
895        defined(__ARMEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__)
896 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER    4321
897 # else
898 #   define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 0
899 # endif
900 #endif
901 #if SQLITE_BYTEORDER==4321
902 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    1
903 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 0
904 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16BE
905 #elif SQLITE_BYTEORDER==1234
906 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    0
907 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN 1
908 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  SQLITE_UTF16LE
909 #else
910 # ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
911   const int sqlite3one = 1;
912 # else
913   extern const int sqlite3one;
914 # endif
915 # define SQLITE_BIGENDIAN    (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==0)
916 # define SQLITE_LITTLEENDIAN (*(char *)(&sqlite3one)==1)
917 # define SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE  (SQLITE_BIGENDIAN?SQLITE_UTF16BE:SQLITE_UTF16LE)
918 #endif
919 
920 /*
921 ** Constants for the largest and smallest possible 64-bit signed integers.
922 ** These macros are designed to work correctly on both 32-bit and 64-bit
923 ** compilers.
924 */
925 #define LARGEST_INT64  (0xffffffff|(((i64)0x7fffffff)<<32))
926 #define LARGEST_UINT64 (0xffffffff|(((u64)0xffffffff)<<32))
927 #define SMALLEST_INT64 (((i64)-1) - LARGEST_INT64)
928 
929 /*
930 ** Round up a number to the next larger multiple of 8.  This is used
931 ** to force 8-byte alignment on 64-bit architectures.
932 */
933 #define ROUND8(x)     (((x)+7)&~7)
934 
935 /*
936 ** Round down to the nearest multiple of 8
937 */
938 #define ROUNDDOWN8(x) ((x)&~7)
939 
940 /*
941 ** Assert that the pointer X is aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  This
942 ** macro is used only within assert() to verify that the code gets
943 ** all alignment restrictions correct.
944 **
945 ** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
946 ** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
947 ** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
948 */
949 #ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
950 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&3)==0)
951 #else
952 # define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((char*)(X) - (char*)0)&7)==0)
953 #endif
954 
955 /*
956 ** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
957 */
958 #if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
959 # undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
960 # define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
961 #endif
962 
963 /*
964 ** Default maximum size of memory used by memory-mapped I/O in the VFS
965 */
966 #ifdef __APPLE__
967 # include <TargetConditionals.h>
968 #endif
969 #ifndef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
970 # if defined(__linux__) \
971   || defined(_WIN32) \
972   || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) \
973   || defined(__sun) \
974   || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
975   || defined(__DragonFly__)
976 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0x7fff0000  /* 2147418112 */
977 # else
978 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
979 # endif
980 #endif
981 
982 /*
983 ** The default MMAP_SIZE is zero on all platforms.  Or, even if a larger
984 ** default MMAP_SIZE is specified at compile-time, make sure that it does
985 ** not exceed the maximum mmap size.
986 */
987 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
988 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
989 #endif
990 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
991 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
992 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
993 #endif
994 
995 /*
996 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
997 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
998 */
999 #if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
1000 extern u32 sqlite3SelectTrace;
1001 #endif
1002 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1003     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE))
1004 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
1005 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
1006   if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
1007     sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
1008     sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1009 #else
1010 # define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
1011 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
1012 #endif
1013 
1014 /*
1015 ** Macros for "wheretrace"
1016 */
1017 #if !defined(SQLITE_AMAGAMATION)
1018 extern u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
1019 #endif
1020 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
1021     && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
1022 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
1023 # define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
1024 #else
1025 # define WHERETRACE(K,X)
1026 #endif
1027 
1028 
1029 /*
1030 ** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
1031 ** callback for a given sqlite handle.
1032 **
1033 ** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
1034 ** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
1035 ** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler
1036 ** callback is currently invoked only from within pager.c.
1037 */
1038 typedef struct BusyHandler BusyHandler;
1039 struct BusyHandler {
1040   int (*xBusyHandler)(void *,int);  /* The busy callback */
1041   void *pBusyArg;                   /* First arg to busy callback */
1042   int nBusy;                        /* Incremented with each busy call */
1043 };
1044 
1045 /*
1046 ** Name of table that holds the database schema.
1047 */
1048 #define DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE          "sqlite_master"
1049 #define DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE     "sqlite_temp_master"
1050 #define ALT_SCHEMA_TABLE           "sqlite_schema"
1051 #define ALT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE      "sqlite_temp_schema"
1052 
1053 
1054 /*
1055 ** The root-page of the schema table.
1056 */
1057 #define SCHEMA_ROOT    1
1058 
1059 /*
1060 ** The name of the schema table.  The name is different for TEMP.
1061 */
1062 #define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) \
1063     ((!OMIT_TEMPDB)&&(x==1)?DFLT_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE:DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE)
1064 
1065 /*
1066 ** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
1067 ** an array.
1068 */
1069 #define ArraySize(X)    ((int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0])))
1070 
1071 /*
1072 ** Determine if the argument is a power of two
1073 */
1074 #define IsPowerOfTwo(X) (((X)&((X)-1))==0)
1075 
1076 /*
1077 ** The following value as a destructor means to use sqlite3DbFree().
1078 ** The sqlite3DbFree() routine requires two parameters instead of the
1079 ** one parameter that destructors normally want.  So we have to introduce
1080 ** this magic value that the code knows to handle differently.  Any
1081 ** pointer will work here as long as it is distinct from SQLITE_STATIC
1082 ** and SQLITE_TRANSIENT.
1083 */
1084 #define SQLITE_DYNAMIC   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)sqlite3OomFault)
1085 
1086 /*
1087 ** When SQLITE_OMIT_WSD is defined, it means that the target platform does
1088 ** not support Writable Static Data (WSD) such as global and static variables.
1089 ** All variables must either be on the stack or dynamically allocated from
1090 ** the heap.  When WSD is unsupported, the variable declarations scattered
1091 ** throughout the SQLite code must become constants instead.  The SQLITE_WSD
1092 ** macro is used for this purpose.  And instead of referencing the variable
1093 ** directly, we use its constant as a key to lookup the run-time allocated
1094 ** buffer that holds real variable.  The constant is also the initializer
1095 ** for the run-time allocated buffer.
1096 **
1097 ** In the usual case where WSD is supported, the SQLITE_WSD and GLOBAL
1098 ** macros become no-ops and have zero performance impact.
1099 */
1100 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
1101   #define SQLITE_WSD const
1102   #define GLOBAL(t,v) (*(t*)sqlite3_wsd_find((void*)&(v), sizeof(v)))
1103   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig GLOBAL(struct Sqlite3Config, sqlite3Config)
1104   int sqlite3_wsd_init(int N, int J);
1105   void *sqlite3_wsd_find(void *K, int L);
1106 #else
1107   #define SQLITE_WSD
1108   #define GLOBAL(t,v) v
1109   #define sqlite3GlobalConfig sqlite3Config
1110 #endif
1111 
1112 /*
1113 ** The following macros are used to suppress compiler warnings and to
1114 ** make it clear to human readers when a function parameter is deliberately
1115 ** left unused within the body of a function. This usually happens when
1116 ** a function is called via a function pointer. For example the
1117 ** implementation of an SQL aggregate step callback may not use the
1118 ** parameter indicating the number of arguments passed to the aggregate,
1119 ** if it knows that this is enforced elsewhere.
1120 **
1121 ** When a function parameter is not used at all within the body of a function,
1122 ** it is generally named "NotUsed" or "NotUsed2" to make things even clearer.
1123 ** However, these macros may also be used to suppress warnings related to
1124 ** parameters that may or may not be used depending on compilation options.
1125 ** For example those parameters only used in assert() statements. In these
1126 ** cases the parameters are named as per the usual conventions.
1127 */
1128 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
1129 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER2(x,y) UNUSED_PARAMETER(x),UNUSED_PARAMETER(y)
1130 
1131 /*
1132 ** Forward references to structures
1133 */
1134 typedef struct AggInfo AggInfo;
1135 typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
1136 typedef struct AutoincInfo AutoincInfo;
1137 typedef struct Bitvec Bitvec;
1138 typedef struct CollSeq CollSeq;
1139 typedef struct Column Column;
1140 typedef struct Db Db;
1141 typedef struct Schema Schema;
1142 typedef struct Expr Expr;
1143 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
1144 typedef struct FKey FKey;
1145 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
1146 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
1147 typedef struct FuncDefHash FuncDefHash;
1148 typedef struct IdList IdList;
1149 typedef struct Index Index;
1150 typedef struct IndexSample IndexSample;
1151 typedef struct KeyClass KeyClass;
1152 typedef struct KeyInfo KeyInfo;
1153 typedef struct Lookaside Lookaside;
1154 typedef struct LookasideSlot LookasideSlot;
1155 typedef struct Module Module;
1156 typedef struct NameContext NameContext;
1157 typedef struct Parse Parse;
1158 typedef struct PreUpdate PreUpdate;
1159 typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
1160 typedef struct RenameToken RenameToken;
1161 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
1162 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
1163 typedef struct Select Select;
1164 typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
1165 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
1166 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
1167 typedef struct sqlite3_str StrAccum; /* Internal alias for sqlite3_str */
1168 typedef struct Table Table;
1169 typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
1170 typedef struct Token Token;
1171 typedef struct TreeView TreeView;
1172 typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
1173 typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
1174 typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
1175 typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
1176 typedef struct Upsert Upsert;
1177 typedef struct VTable VTable;
1178 typedef struct VtabCtx VtabCtx;
1179 typedef struct Walker Walker;
1180 typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
1181 typedef struct Window Window;
1182 typedef struct With With;
1183 
1184 
1185 /*
1186 ** The bitmask datatype defined below is used for various optimizations.
1187 **
1188 ** Changing this from a 64-bit to a 32-bit type limits the number of
1189 ** tables in a join to 32 instead of 64.  But it also reduces the size
1190 ** of the library by 738 bytes on ix86.
1191 */
1192 #ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
1193   typedef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE Bitmask;
1194 #else
1195   typedef u64 Bitmask;
1196 #endif
1197 
1198 /*
1199 ** The number of bits in a Bitmask.  "BMS" means "BitMask Size".
1200 */
1201 #define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))
1202 
1203 /*
1204 ** A bit in a Bitmask
1205 */
1206 #define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
1207 #define MASKBIT64(n) (((u64)1)<<(n))
1208 #define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))
1209 #define ALLBITS      ((Bitmask)-1)
1210 
1211 /* A VList object records a mapping between parameters/variables/wildcards
1212 ** in the SQL statement (such as $abc, @pqr, or :xyz) and the integer
1213 ** variable number associated with that parameter.  See the format description
1214 ** on the sqlite3VListAdd() routine for more information.  A VList is really
1215 ** just an array of integers.
1216 */
1217 typedef int VList;
1218 
1219 /*
1220 ** Defer sourcing vdbe.h and btree.h until after the "u8" and
1221 ** "BusyHandler" typedefs. vdbe.h also requires a few of the opaque
1222 ** pointer types (i.e. FuncDef) defined above.
1223 */
1224 #include "pager.h"
1225 #include "btree.h"
1226 #include "vdbe.h"
1227 #include "pcache.h"
1228 #include "os.h"
1229 #include "mutex.h"
1230 
1231 /* The SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE compile-time option used to set the default
1232 ** synchronous setting to EXTRA.  It is no longer supported.
1233 */
1234 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1235 # warning Use SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=3 instead of SQLITE_EXTRA_DURABLE
1236 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 3
1237 #endif
1238 
1239 /*
1240 ** Default synchronous levels.
1241 **
1242 ** Note that (for historcal reasons) the PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_* macros differ
1243 ** from the SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS value by 1.
1244 **
1245 **           PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS       DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1246 **   OFF           1                         0
1247 **   NORMAL        2                         1
1248 **   FULL          3                         2
1249 **   EXTRA         4                         3
1250 **
1251 ** The "PRAGMA synchronous" statement also uses the zero-based numbers.
1252 ** In other words, the zero-based numbers are used for all external interfaces
1253 ** and the one-based values are used internally.
1254 */
1255 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1256 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS 2
1257 #endif
1258 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
1259 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
1260 #endif
1261 
1262 /*
1263 ** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
1264 ** of the following structure.  There are normally two of these structures
1265 ** in the sqlite.aDb[] array.  aDb[0] is the main database file and
1266 ** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables.  Additional
1267 ** databases may be attached.
1268 */
1269 struct Db {
1270   char *zDbSName;      /* Name of this database. (schema name, not filename) */
1271   Btree *pBt;          /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
1272   u8 safety_level;     /* How aggressive at syncing data to disk */
1273   u8 bSyncSet;         /* True if "PRAGMA synchronous=N" has been run */
1274   Schema *pSchema;     /* Pointer to database schema (possibly shared) */
1275 };
1276 
1277 /*
1278 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
1279 **
1280 ** Most Schema objects are associated with a Btree.  The exception is
1281 ** the Schema for the TEMP databaes (sqlite3.aDb[1]) which is free-standing.
1282 ** In shared cache mode, a single Schema object can be shared by multiple
1283 ** Btrees that refer to the same underlying BtShared object.
1284 **
1285 ** Schema objects are automatically deallocated when the last Btree that
1286 ** references them is destroyed.   The TEMP Schema is manually freed by
1287 ** sqlite3_close().
1288 *
1289 ** A thread must be holding a mutex on the corresponding Btree in order
1290 ** to access Schema content.  This implies that the thread must also be
1291 ** holding a mutex on the sqlite3 connection pointer that owns the Btree.
1292 ** For a TEMP Schema, only the connection mutex is required.
1293 */
1294 struct Schema {
1295   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
1296   int iGeneration;     /* Generation counter.  Incremented with each change */
1297   Hash tblHash;        /* All tables indexed by name */
1298   Hash idxHash;        /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
1299   Hash trigHash;       /* All triggers indexed by name */
1300   Hash fkeyHash;       /* All foreign keys by referenced table name */
1301   Table *pSeqTab;      /* The sqlite_sequence table used by AUTOINCREMENT */
1302   u8 file_format;      /* Schema format version for this file */
1303   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
1304   u16 schemaFlags;     /* Flags associated with this schema */
1305   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
1306 };
1307 
1308 /*
1309 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
1310 ** Db.pSchema->flags field.
1311 */
1312 #define DbHasProperty(D,I,P)     (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))==(P))
1313 #define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P)  (((D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&(P))!=0)
1314 #define DbSetProperty(D,I,P)     (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags|=(P)
1315 #define DbClearProperty(D,I,P)   (D)->aDb[I].pSchema->schemaFlags&=~(P)
1316 
1317 /*
1318 ** Allowed values for the DB.pSchema->flags field.
1319 **
1320 ** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
1321 ** read into internal hash tables.
1322 **
1323 ** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
1324 ** have been filled out.  If the schema changes, these column names might
1325 ** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
1326 */
1327 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
1328 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
1329 #define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
1330 
1331 /*
1332 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
1333 ** using the sqlite3_limit() interface.
1334 */
1335 #define SQLITE_N_LIMIT (SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS+1)
1336 
1337 /*
1338 ** Lookaside malloc is a set of fixed-size buffers that can be used
1339 ** to satisfy small transient memory allocation requests for objects
1340 ** associated with a particular database connection.  The use of
1341 ** lookaside malloc provides a significant performance enhancement
1342 ** (approx 10%) by avoiding numerous malloc/free requests while parsing
1343 ** SQL statements.
1344 **
1345 ** The Lookaside structure holds configuration information about the
1346 ** lookaside malloc subsystem.  Each available memory allocation in
1347 ** the lookaside subsystem is stored on a linked list of LookasideSlot
1348 ** objects.
1349 **
1350 ** Lookaside allocations are only allowed for objects that are associated
1351 ** with a particular database connection.  Hence, schema information cannot
1352 ** be stored in lookaside because in shared cache mode the schema information
1353 ** is shared by multiple database connections.  Therefore, while parsing
1354 ** schema information, the Lookaside.bEnabled flag is cleared so that
1355 ** lookaside allocations are not used to construct the schema objects.
1356 **
1357 ** New lookaside allocations are only allowed if bDisable==0.  When
1358 ** bDisable is greater than zero, sz is set to zero which effectively
1359 ** disables lookaside without adding a new test for the bDisable flag
1360 ** in a performance-critical path.  sz should be set by to szTrue whenever
1361 ** bDisable changes back to zero.
1362 **
1363 ** Lookaside buffers are initially held on the pInit list.  As they are
1364 ** used and freed, they are added back to the pFree list.  New allocations
1365 ** come off of pFree first, then pInit as a fallback.  This dual-list
1366 ** allows use to compute a high-water mark - the maximum number of allocations
1367 ** outstanding at any point in the past - by subtracting the number of
1368 ** allocations on the pInit list from the total number of allocations.
1369 **
1370 ** Enhancement on 2019-12-12:  Two-size-lookaside
1371 ** The default lookaside configuration is 100 slots of 1200 bytes each.
1372 ** The larger slot sizes are important for performance, but they waste
1373 ** a lot of space, as most lookaside allocations are less than 128 bytes.
1374 ** The two-size-lookaside enhancement breaks up the lookaside allocation
1375 ** into two pools:  One of 128-byte slots and the other of the default size
1376 ** (1200-byte) slots.   Allocations are filled from the small-pool first,
1377 ** failing over to the full-size pool if that does not work.  Thus more
1378 ** lookaside slots are available while also using less memory.
1379 ** This enhancement can be omitted by compiling with
1380 ** SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE.
1381 */
1382 struct Lookaside {
1383   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
1384   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
1385   u16 szTrue;             /* True value of sz, even if disabled */
1386   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
1387   u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
1388   u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
1389   LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
1390   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
1391 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1392   LookasideSlot *pSmallInit; /* List of small buffers not prediously used */
1393   LookasideSlot *pSmallFree; /* List of available small buffers */
1394   void *pMiddle;          /* First byte past end of full-size buffers and
1395                           ** the first byte of LOOKASIDE_SMALL buffers */
1396 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE */
1397   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
1398   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
1399 };
1400 struct LookasideSlot {
1401   LookasideSlot *pNext;    /* Next buffer in the list of free buffers */
1402 };
1403 
1404 #define DisableLookaside  db->lookaside.bDisable++;db->lookaside.sz=0
1405 #define EnableLookaside   db->lookaside.bDisable--;\
1406    db->lookaside.sz=db->lookaside.bDisable?0:db->lookaside.szTrue
1407 
1408 /* Size of the smaller allocations in two-size lookside */
1409 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TWOSIZE_LOOKASIDE
1410 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL           0
1411 #else
1412 #  define LOOKASIDE_SMALL         128
1413 #endif
1414 
1415 /*
1416 ** A hash table for built-in function definitions.  (Application-defined
1417 ** functions use a regular table table from hash.h.)
1418 **
1419 ** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
1420 ** Collisions are on the FuncDef.u.pHash chain.  Use the SQLITE_FUNC_HASH()
1421 ** macro to compute a hash on the function name.
1422 */
1423 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ 23
1424 struct FuncDefHash {
1425   FuncDef *a[SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ];       /* Hash table for functions */
1426 };
1427 #define SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(C,L) (((C)+(L))%SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ)
1428 
1429 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1430 /*
1431 ** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
1432 ** to manage user authentication.
1433 */
1434 typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
1435 struct sqlite3_userauth {
1436   u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
1437   int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
1438   char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
1439   char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
1440 };
1441 
1442 /* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
1443 #define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
1444 #define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
1445 #define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
1446 #define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */
1447 
1448 /* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
1449 int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
1450 int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
1451 void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
1452 void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
1453 
1454 #endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */
1455 
1456 /*
1457 ** typedef for the authorization callback function.
1458 */
1459 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1460   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1461                                const char*, const char*);
1462 #else
1463   typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
1464                                const char*);
1465 #endif
1466 
1467 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1468 /* This is an extra SQLITE_TRACE macro that indicates "legacy" tracing
1469 ** in the style of sqlite3_trace()
1470 */
1471 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0x40     /* Use the legacy xTrace */
1472 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0x80     /* Use the legacy xProfile */
1473 #else
1474 #define SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY          0
1475 #define SQLITE_TRACE_XPROFILE        0
1476 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED */
1477 #define SQLITE_TRACE_NONLEGACY_MASK  0x0f     /* Normal flags */
1478 
1479 
1480 /*
1481 ** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
1482 */
1483 struct sqlite3 {
1484   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
1485   struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */
1486   CollSeq *pDfltColl;           /* BINARY collseq for the database encoding */
1487   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
1488   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
1489   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
1490   u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
1491   u64 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
1492   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
1493   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
1494   u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
1495   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
1496   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
1497   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
1498   int iSysErrno;                /* Errno value from last system error */
1499   u16 dbOptFlags;               /* Flags to enable/disable optimizations */
1500   u8 enc;                       /* Text encoding */
1501   u8 autoCommit;                /* The auto-commit flag. */
1502   u8 temp_store;                /* 1: file 2: memory 0: default */
1503   u8 mallocFailed;              /* True if we have seen a malloc failure */
1504   u8 bBenignMalloc;             /* Do not require OOMs if true */
1505   u8 dfltLockMode;              /* Default locking-mode for attached dbs */
1506   signed char nextAutovac;      /* Autovac setting after VACUUM if >=0 */
1507   u8 suppressErr;               /* Do not issue error messages if true */
1508   u8 vtabOnConflict;            /* Value to return for s3_vtab_on_conflict() */
1509   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
1510   u8 mTrace;                    /* zero or more SQLITE_TRACE flags */
1511   u8 noSharedCache;             /* True if no shared-cache backends */
1512   u8 nSqlExec;                  /* Number of pending OP_SqlExec opcodes */
1513   int nextPagesize;             /* Pagesize after VACUUM if >0 */
1514   u32 magic;                    /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
1515   int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
1516   int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
1517   int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
1518   int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
1519   struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
1520     Pgno newTnum;               /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
1521     u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
1522     u8 busy;                    /* TRUE if currently initializing */
1523     unsigned orphanTrigger : 1; /* Last statement is orphaned TEMP trigger */
1524     unsigned imposterTable : 1; /* Building an imposter table */
1525     unsigned reopenMemdb : 1;   /* ATTACH is really a reopen using MemDB */
1526     char **azInit;              /* "type", "name", and "tbl_name" columns */
1527   } init;
1528   int nVdbeActive;              /* Number of VDBEs currently running */
1529   int nVdbeRead;                /* Number of active VDBEs that read or write */
1530   int nVdbeWrite;               /* Number of active VDBEs that read and write */
1531   int nVdbeExec;                /* Number of nested calls to VdbeExec() */
1532   int nVDestroy;                /* Number of active OP_VDestroy operations */
1533   int nExtension;               /* Number of loaded extensions */
1534   void **aExtension;            /* Array of shared library handles */
1535   union {
1536     void (*xLegacy)(void*,const char*);     /* Legacy trace function */
1537     int (*xV2)(u32,void*,void*,void*);      /* V2 Trace function */
1538   } trace;
1539   void *pTraceArg;                          /* Argument to the trace function */
1540 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
1541   void (*xProfile)(void*,const char*,u64);  /* Profiling function */
1542   void *pProfileArg;                        /* Argument to profile function */
1543 #endif
1544   void *pCommitArg;                 /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
1545   int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);    /* Invoked at every commit. */
1546   void *pRollbackArg;               /* Argument to xRollbackCallback() */
1547   void (*xRollbackCallback)(void*); /* Invoked at every commit. */
1548   void *pUpdateArg;
1549   void (*xUpdateCallback)(void*,int, const char*,const char*,sqlite_int64);
1550   Parse *pParse;                /* Current parse */
1551 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
1552   void *pPreUpdateArg;          /* First argument to xPreUpdateCallback */
1553   void (*xPreUpdateCallback)(   /* Registered using sqlite3_preupdate_hook() */
1554     void*,sqlite3*,int,char const*,char const*,sqlite3_int64,sqlite3_int64
1555   );
1556   PreUpdate *pPreUpdate;        /* Context for active pre-update callback */
1557 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
1558 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
1559   int (*xWalCallback)(void *, sqlite3 *, const char *, int);
1560   void *pWalArg;
1561 #endif
1562   void(*xCollNeeded)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*);
1563   void(*xCollNeeded16)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*);
1564   void *pCollNeededArg;
1565   sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
1566   union {
1567     volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
1568     double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
1569   } u1;
1570   Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
1571 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
1572   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
1573   void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
1574 #endif
1575 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
1576   int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
1577   void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
1578   unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
1579 #endif
1580 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
1581   int nVTrans;                  /* Allocated size of aVTrans */
1582   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
1583   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
1584   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
1585   VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
1586 #endif
1587   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
1588   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
1589   BusyHandler busyHandler;      /* Busy callback */
1590   Db aDbStatic[2];              /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
1591   Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
1592   int nAnalysisLimit;           /* Number of index rows to ANALYZE */
1593   int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
1594   int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
1595   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
1596   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
1597   i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
1598   int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
1599 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
1600   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MAIN
1601   ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c.
1602   **
1603   ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
1604   ** unlock so that it can proceed.
1605   **
1606   ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
1607   ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
1608   ** held by Y.
1609   */
1610   sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
1611   sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
1612   void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
1613   void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
1614   sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
1615 #endif
1616 #ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
1617   sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
1618 #endif
1619 };
1620 
1621 /*
1622 ** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
1623 */
1624 #define SCHEMA_ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)
1625 #define ENC(db)        ((db)->enc)
1626 
1627 /*
1628 ** A u64 constant where the lower 32 bits are all zeros.  Only the
1629 ** upper 32 bits are included in the argument.  Necessary because some
1630 ** C-compilers still do not accept LL integer literals.
1631 */
1632 #define HI(X)  ((u64)(X)<<32)
1633 
1634 /*
1635 ** Possible values for the sqlite3.flags.
1636 **
1637 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1638 **      SQLITE_FullFSync     == PAGER_FULLFSYNC
1639 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
1640 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
1641 */
1642 #define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_SCHEMA */
1643 #define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
1644 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
1645 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
1646 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
1647 #define SQLITE_CacheSpill     0x00000020  /* OK to spill pager cache */
1648 #define SQLITE_ShortColNames  0x00000040  /* Show short columns names */
1649 #define SQLITE_TrustedSchema  0x00000080  /* Allow unsafe functions and
1650                                           ** vtabs in the schema definition */
1651 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
1652                                           /*   result set is empty */
1653 #define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
1654 #define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
1655 #define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
1656 #define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
1657 #define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
1658 #define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
1659 #define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
1660 #define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
1661 #define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
1662 #define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
1663 #define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
1664 #define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
1665 #define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
1666 #define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
1667 #define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
1668 #define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1669 #define SQLITE_ResetDatabase  0x02000000  /* Reset the database */
1670 #define SQLITE_LegacyAlter    0x04000000  /* Legacy ALTER TABLE behaviour */
1671 #define SQLITE_NoSchemaError  0x08000000  /* Do not report schema parse errors*/
1672 #define SQLITE_Defensive      0x10000000  /* Input SQL is likely hostile */
1673 #define SQLITE_DqsDDL         0x20000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DDL*/
1674 #define SQLITE_DqsDML         0x40000000  /* dbl-quoted strings allowed in DML*/
1675 #define SQLITE_EnableView     0x80000000  /* Enable the use of views */
1676 #define SQLITE_CountRows      HI(0x00001) /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
1677                                           /*   DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
1678                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
1679 
1680 /* Flags used only if debugging */
1681 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
1682 #define SQLITE_SqlTrace       HI(0x0100000) /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
1683 #define SQLITE_VdbeListing    HI(0x0200000) /* Debug listings of VDBE progs */
1684 #define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      HI(0x0400000) /* True to trace VDBE execution */
1685 #define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace HI(0x0800000) /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
1686 #define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        HI(0x1000000) /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
1687 #define SQLITE_ParserTrace    HI(0x2000000) /* PRAGMA parser_trace=ON */
1688 #endif
1689 
1690 /*
1691 ** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
1692 */
1693 #define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
1694 #define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
1695 #define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
1696 #define DBFLAG_VacuumInto     0x0008  /* Currently running VACUUM INTO */
1697 #define DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk  0x0010  /* Schema is known to be valid */
1698 #define DBFLAG_InternalFunc   0x0020  /* Allow use of internal functions */
1699 #define DBFLAG_EncodingFixed  0x0040  /* No longer possible to change enc. */
1700 
1701 /*
1702 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
1703 ** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
1704 ** selectively disable various optimizations.
1705 */
1706 #define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
1707 #define SQLITE_WindowFunc     0x0002   /* Use xInverse for window functions */
1708 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
1709 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
1710 #define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
1711 #define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
1712 #define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
1713 #define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
1714 #define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
1715 #define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
1716 #define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
1717 #define SQLITE_Stat4          0x0800   /* Use STAT4 data */
1718    /* TH3 expects the Stat4   ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
1719 #define SQLITE_PushDown       0x1000   /* The push-down optimization */
1720 #define SQLITE_SimplifyJoin   0x2000   /* Convert LEFT JOIN to JOIN */
1721 #define SQLITE_SkipScan       0x4000   /* Skip-scans */
1722 #define SQLITE_PropagateConst 0x8000   /* The constant propagation opt */
1723 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
1724 
1725 /*
1726 ** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
1727 */
1728 #define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
1729 #define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)
1730 
1731 /*
1732 ** Return true if it OK to factor constant expressions into the initialization
1733 ** code. The argument is a Parse object for the code generator.
1734 */
1735 #define ConstFactorOk(P) ((P)->okConstFactor)
1736 
1737 /*
1738 ** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
1739 ** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
1740 ** than being distinct from one another.
1741 */
1742 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
1743 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED   0x9f3c2d33  /* Database is closed */
1744 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK     0x4b771290  /* Error and awaiting close */
1745 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY     0xf03b7906  /* Database currently in use */
1746 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR    0xb5357930  /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
1747 #define SQLITE_MAGIC_ZOMBIE   0x64cffc7f  /* Close with last statement close */
1748 
1749 /*
1750 ** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
1751 ** structure.  For global built-in functions (ex: substr(), max(), count())
1752 ** a pointer to this structure is held in the sqlite3BuiltinFunctions object.
1753 ** For per-connection application-defined functions, a pointer to this
1754 ** structure is held in the db->aHash hash table.
1755 **
1756 ** The u.pHash field is used by the global built-ins.  The u.pDestructor
1757 ** field is used by per-connection app-def functions.
1758 */
1759 struct FuncDef {
1760   i8 nArg;             /* Number of arguments.  -1 means unlimited */
1761   u32 funcFlags;       /* Some combination of SQLITE_FUNC_* */
1762   void *pUserData;     /* User data parameter */
1763   FuncDef *pNext;      /* Next function with same name */
1764   void (*xSFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* func or agg-step */
1765   void (*xFinalize)(sqlite3_context*);                  /* Agg finalizer */
1766   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*);                     /* Current agg value */
1767   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**); /* inverse agg-step */
1768   const char *zName;   /* SQL name of the function. */
1769   union {
1770     FuncDef *pHash;      /* Next with a different name but the same hash */
1771     FuncDestructor *pDestructor;   /* Reference counted destructor function */
1772   } u;
1773 };
1774 
1775 /*
1776 ** This structure encapsulates a user-function destructor callback (as
1777 ** configured using create_function_v2()) and a reference counter. When
1778 ** create_function_v2() is called to create a function with a destructor,
1779 ** a single object of this type is allocated. FuncDestructor.nRef is set to
1780 ** the number of FuncDef objects created (either 1 or 3, depending on whether
1781 ** or not the specified encoding is SQLITE_ANY). The FuncDef.pDestructor
1782 ** member of each of the new FuncDef objects is set to point to the allocated
1783 ** FuncDestructor.
1784 **
1785 ** Thereafter, when one of the FuncDef objects is deleted, the reference
1786 ** count on this object is decremented. When it reaches 0, the destructor
1787 ** is invoked and the FuncDestructor structure freed.
1788 */
1789 struct FuncDestructor {
1790   int nRef;
1791   void (*xDestroy)(void *);
1792   void *pUserData;
1793 };
1794 
1795 /*
1796 ** Possible values for FuncDef.flags.  Note that the _LENGTH and _TYPEOF
1797 ** values must correspond to OPFLAG_LENGTHARG and OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG.  And
1798 ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT must be the same as SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC.  There
1799 ** are assert() statements in the code to verify this.
1800 **
1801 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
1802 **     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX    ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
1803 **     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH    ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
1804 **     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF    ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
1805 **     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT  ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
1806 **     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT    ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
1807 **     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE    ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS
1808 **     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
1809 */
1810 #define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
1811 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
1812 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
1813 #define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
1814 #define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
1815 #define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */
1816 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x0080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
1817 #define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x0100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
1818 /*                           0x0200 -- available for reuse */
1819 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x0400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
1820 #define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x0800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
1821 #define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX   0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */
1822 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
1823                                     ** single query - might change over time */
1824 #define SQLITE_FUNC_TEST     0x4000 /* Built-in testing functions */
1825 #define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
1826 #define SQLITE_FUNC_WINDOW   0x00010000 /* Built-in window-only function */
1827 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL 0x00040000 /* For use by NestedParse() only */
1828 #define SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT   0x00080000 /* Not for use in TRIGGERs or VIEWs */
1829 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SUBTYPE  0x00100000 /* Result likely to have sub-type */
1830 #define SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE   0x00200000 /* Function has side effects */
1831 #define SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE   0x00400000 /* Functions implemented in-line */
1832 
1833 /* Identifier numbers for each in-line function */
1834 #define INLINEFUNC_coalesce             0
1835 #define INLINEFUNC_implies_nonnull_row  1
1836 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_implies_expr    2
1837 #define INLINEFUNC_expr_compare         3
1838 #define INLINEFUNC_affinity             4
1839 #define INLINEFUNC_iif                  5
1840 #define INLINEFUNC_unlikely            99  /* Default case */
1841 
1842 /*
1843 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
1844 ** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
1845 **
1846 **   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1847 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1848 **     implemented by C function xFunc that accepts nArg arguments. The
1849 **     value passed as iArg is cast to a (void*) and made available
1850 **     as the user-data (sqlite3_user_data()) for the function. If
1851 **     argument bNC is true, then the SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL flag is set.
1852 **
1853 **   VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1854 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag.
1855 **
1856 **   SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1857 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1858 **     adds the SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag.
1859 **
1860 **   INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1861 **     zName is the name of a function that is implemented by in-line
1862 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1863 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1864 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1865 **
1866 **   TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iFuncId, mFlags)
1867 **     zName is the name of a test-only function implemented by in-line
1868 **     byte code rather than by the usual callbacks. The iFuncId
1869 **     parameter determines the function id.  The mFlags parameter is
1870 **     optional SQLITE_FUNC_ flags for this function.
1871 **
1872 **   DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1873 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
1874 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
1875 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
1876 **     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
1877 **     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1878 **
1879 **   MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc)
1880 **     For math-library functions.  xPtr is an arbitrary pointer.
1881 **
1882 **   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
1883 **     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
1884 **     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
1885 **     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an
1886 **     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
1887 **
1888 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
1889 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1890 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1891 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1892 **     FUNCTION().
1893 **
1894 **   WFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse)
1895 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
1896 **     the C functions xStep and xFinal. The first four parameters
1897 **     are interpreted in the same way as the first 4 parameters to
1898 **     FUNCTION().
1899 **
1900 **   LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, pArg, flags)
1901 **     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName
1902 **     that accepts nArg arguments and is implemented by a call to C
1903 **     function likeFunc. Argument pArg is cast to a (void *) and made
1904 **     available as the function user-data (sqlite3_user_data()). The
1905 **     FuncDef.flags variable is set to the value passed as the flags
1906 **     parameter.
1907 */
1908 #define FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1909   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1910    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1911 #define VFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1912   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1913    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1914 #define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1915   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
1916    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1917 #define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
1918   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1919    xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1920 #define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1921   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1922    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1923 #define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
1924   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_FUNC_TEST| \
1925          SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
1926    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1927 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1928   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
1929    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1930 #define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1931   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1932    (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1933 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
1934   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
1935    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1936 #define STR_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, pArg, bNC, xFunc) \
1937   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
1938    pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, }
1939 #define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
1940   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
1941    (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1942 #define WAGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, xValue, xInverse, f) \
1943   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|f, \
1944    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, xStep,xFinal,xValue,xInverse,#zName, {0}}
1945 #define INTERNAL_FUNCTION(zName, nArg, xFunc) \
1946   {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_INTERNAL|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
1947    0, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
1948 
1949 
1950 /*
1951 ** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
1952 ** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
1953 ** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
1954 ** OP_Savepoint instruction.
1955 */
1956 struct Savepoint {
1957   char *zName;                        /* Savepoint name (nul-terminated) */
1958   i64 nDeferredCons;                  /* Number of deferred fk violations */
1959   i64 nDeferredImmCons;               /* Number of deferred imm fk. */
1960   Savepoint *pNext;                   /* Parent savepoint (if any) */
1961 };
1962 
1963 /*
1964 ** The following are used as the second parameter to sqlite3Savepoint(),
1965 ** and as the P1 argument to the OP_Savepoint instruction.
1966 */
1967 #define SAVEPOINT_BEGIN      0
1968 #define SAVEPOINT_RELEASE    1
1969 #define SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK   2
1970 
1971 
1972 /*
1973 ** Each SQLite module (virtual table definition) is defined by an
1974 ** instance of the following structure, stored in the sqlite3.aModule
1975 ** hash table.
1976 */
1977 struct Module {
1978   const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
1979   const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
1980   int nRefModule;                      /* Number of pointers to this object */
1981   void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
1982   void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
1983   Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
1984 };
1985 
1986 /*
1987 ** Information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
1988 ** of the Column structure, in the Table.aCol[] array.
1989 **
1990 ** Definitions:
1991 **
1992 **   "table column index"     This is the index of the column in the
1993 **                            Table.aCol[] array, and also the index of
1994 **                            the column in the original CREATE TABLE stmt.
1995 **
1996 **   "storage column index"   This is the index of the column in the
1997 **                            record BLOB generated by the OP_MakeRecord
1998 **                            opcode.  The storage column index is less than
1999 **                            or equal to the table column index.  It is
2000 **                            equal if and only if there are no VIRTUAL
2001 **                            columns to the left.
2002 */
2003 struct Column {
2004   char *zName;     /* Name of this column, \000, then the type */
2005   Expr *pDflt;     /* Default value or GENERATED ALWAYS AS value */
2006   char *zColl;     /* Collating sequence.  If NULL, use the default */
2007   u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
2008   char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
2009   u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
2010   u8 hName;        /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
2011   u16 colFlags;    /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
2012 };
2013 
2014 /* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
2015 */
2016 #define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
2017 #define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
2018 #define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
2019 #define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
2020 #define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
2021 #define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */
2022 #define COLFLAG_STORED    0x0040   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... STORED */
2023 #define COLFLAG_NOTAVAIL  0x0080   /* STORED column not yet calculated */
2024 #define COLFLAG_BUSY      0x0100   /* Blocks recursion on GENERATED columns */
2025 #define COLFLAG_GENERATED 0x0060   /* Combo: _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2026 #define COLFLAG_NOINSERT  0x0062   /* Combo: _HIDDEN, _STORED, _VIRTUAL */
2027 
2028 /*
2029 ** A "Collating Sequence" is defined by an instance of the following
2030 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
2031 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
2032 **
2033 ** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
2034 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
2035 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
2036 */
2037 struct CollSeq {
2038   char *zName;          /* Name of the collating sequence, UTF-8 encoded */
2039   u8 enc;               /* Text encoding handled by xCmp() */
2040   void *pUser;          /* First argument to xCmp() */
2041   int (*xCmp)(void*,int, const void*, int, const void*);
2042   void (*xDel)(void*);  /* Destructor for pUser */
2043 };
2044 
2045 /*
2046 ** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
2047 */
2048 #define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
2049 #define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
2050 #define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */
2051 
2052 /*
2053 ** Column affinity types.
2054 **
2055 ** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
2056 ** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
2057 ** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.
2058 **
2059 ** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
2060 ** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
2061 ** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
2062 **
2063 ** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
2064 ** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
2065 */
2066 #define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
2067 #define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
2068 #define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
2069 #define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
2070 #define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
2071 #define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
2072 
2073 #define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)
2074 
2075 /*
2076 ** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
2077 ** affinity value.
2078 */
2079 #define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47
2080 
2081 /*
2082 ** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
2083 ** changing the affinity.
2084 **
2085 ** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
2086 ** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
2087 ** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
2088 ** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
2089 */
2090 #define SQLITE_KEEPNULL     0x08  /* Used by vector == or <> */
2091 #define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
2092 #define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
2093 #define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
2094 #define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */
2095 
2096 /*
2097 ** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
2098 ** the database schema.
2099 **
2100 ** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
2101 ** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared
2102 ** schema. This is because each database connection requires its own unique
2103 ** instance of the sqlite3_vtab* handle used to access the virtual table
2104 ** implementation. sqlite3_vtab* handles can not be shared between
2105 ** database connections, even when the rest of the in-memory database
2106 ** schema is shared, as the implementation often stores the database
2107 ** connection handle passed to it via the xConnect() or xCreate() method
2108 ** during initialization internally. This database connection handle may
2109 ** then be used by the virtual table implementation to access real tables
2110 ** within the database. So that they appear as part of the callers
2111 ** transaction, these accesses need to be made via the same database
2112 ** connection as that used to execute SQL operations on the virtual table.
2113 **
2114 ** All VTable objects that correspond to a single table in a shared
2115 ** database schema are initially stored in a linked-list pointed to by
2116 ** the Table.pVTable member variable of the corresponding Table object.
2117 ** When an sqlite3_prepare() operation is required to access the virtual
2118 ** table, it searches the list for the VTable that corresponds to the
2119 ** database connection doing the preparing so as to use the correct
2120 ** sqlite3_vtab* handle in the compiled query.
2121 **
2122 ** When an in-memory Table object is deleted (for example when the
2123 ** schema is being reloaded for some reason), the VTable objects are not
2124 ** deleted and the sqlite3_vtab* handles are not xDisconnect()ed
2125 ** immediately. Instead, they are moved from the Table.pVTable list to
2126 ** another linked list headed by the sqlite3.pDisconnect member of the
2127 ** corresponding sqlite3 structure. They are then deleted/xDisconnected
2128 ** next time a statement is prepared using said sqlite3*. This is done
2129 ** to avoid deadlock issues involving multiple sqlite3.mutex mutexes.
2130 ** Refer to comments above function sqlite3VtabUnlockList() for an
2131 ** explanation as to why it is safe to add an entry to an sqlite3.pDisconnect
2132 ** list without holding the corresponding sqlite3.mutex mutex.
2133 **
2134 ** The memory for objects of this type is always allocated by
2135 ** sqlite3DbMalloc(), using the connection handle stored in VTable.db as
2136 ** the first argument.
2137 */
2138 struct VTable {
2139   sqlite3 *db;              /* Database connection associated with this table */
2140   Module *pMod;             /* Pointer to module implementation */
2141   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Pointer to vtab instance */
2142   int nRef;                 /* Number of pointers to this structure */
2143   u8 bConstraint;           /* True if constraints are supported */
2144   u8 eVtabRisk;             /* Riskiness of allowing hacker access */
2145   int iSavepoint;           /* Depth of the SAVEPOINT stack */
2146   VTable *pNext;            /* Next in linked list (see above) */
2147 };
2148 
2149 /* Allowed values for VTable.eVtabRisk
2150 */
2151 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Low          0
2152 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_Normal       1
2153 #define SQLITE_VTABRISK_High         2
2154 
2155 /*
2156 ** The schema for each SQL table and view is represented in memory
2157 ** by an instance of the following structure.
2158 */
2159 struct Table {
2160   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
2161   Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
2162   Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
2163   Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
2164   FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
2165   char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2166   ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
2167                        /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
2168   Pgno tnum;           /* Root BTree page for this table */
2169   u32 nTabRef;         /* Number of pointers to this Table */
2170   u32 tabFlags;        /* Mask of TF_* values */
2171   i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
2172   i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
2173   i16 nNVCol;          /* Number of columns that are not VIRTUAL */
2174   LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
2175   LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
2176 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
2177   LogEst costMult;     /* Cost multiplier for using this table */
2178 #endif
2179   u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
2180 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
2181   int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
2182 #endif
2183 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2184   int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
2185   char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
2186   VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
2187 #endif
2188   Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
2189   Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
2190   Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
2191 };
2192 
2193 /*
2194 ** Allowed values for Table.tabFlags.
2195 **
2196 ** TF_OOOHidden applies to tables or view that have hidden columns that are
2197 ** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
2198 ** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
2199 ** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
2200 ** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
2201 **
2202 ** Constraints:
2203 **
2204 **         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_Virtual
2205 **         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_Stored
2206 */
2207 #define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
2208 #define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
2209 #define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
2210 #define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
2211 #define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
2212 #define TF_HasVirtual      0x0020    /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2213 #define TF_HasStored       0x0040    /* Has one or more STORED columns */
2214 #define TF_HasGenerated    0x0060    /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
2215 #define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0080    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
2216 #define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
2217                                      ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
2218 #define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0200    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
2219 #define TF_OOOHidden       0x0400    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
2220 #define TF_HasNotNull      0x0800    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
2221 #define TF_Shadow          0x1000    /* True for a shadow table */
2222 #define TF_HasStat4        0x2000    /* STAT4 info available for this table */
2223 
2224 /*
2225 ** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
2226 ** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
2227 ** table support is omitted from the build.
2228 */
2229 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
2230 #  define IsVirtual(X)      ((X)->nModuleArg)
2231 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)  \
2232               ((X)->op==TK_COLUMN && (X)->y.pTab!=0 && (X)->y.pTab->nModuleArg)
2233 #else
2234 #  define IsVirtual(X)      0
2235 #  define ExprIsVtab(X)     0
2236 #endif
2237 
2238 /*
2239 ** Macros to determine if a column is hidden.  IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn()
2240 ** only works for non-virtual tables (ordinary tables and views) and is
2241 ** always false unless SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS is defined.  The
2242 ** IsHiddenColumn() macro is general purpose.
2243 */
2244 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS)
2245 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2246 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2247 #elif !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
2248 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         (((X)->colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)!=0)
2249 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2250 #else
2251 #  define IsHiddenColumn(X)         0
2252 #  define IsOrdinaryHiddenColumn(X) 0
2253 #endif
2254 
2255 
2256 /* Does the table have a rowid */
2257 #define HasRowid(X)     (((X)->tabFlags & TF_WithoutRowid)==0)
2258 #define VisibleRowid(X) (((X)->tabFlags & TF_NoVisibleRowid)==0)
2259 
2260 /*
2261 ** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
2262 **
2263 ** A foreign key is associated with two tables.  The "from" table is
2264 ** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
2265 ** key.  The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
2266 ** Consider this example:
2267 **
2268 **     CREATE TABLE ex1(
2269 **       a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
2270 **       b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
2271 **     );
2272 **
2273 ** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
2274 ** Equivalent names:
2275 **
2276 **     from-table == child-table
2277 **       to-table == parent-table
2278 **
2279 ** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
2280 ** which is attached to the from-table.  The to-table need not exist when
2281 ** the from-table is created.  The existence of the to-table is not checked.
2282 **
2283 ** The list of all parents for child Table X is held at X.pFKey.
2284 **
2285 ** A list of all children for a table named Z (which might not even exist)
2286 ** is held in Schema.fkeyHash with a hash key of Z.
2287 */
2288 struct FKey {
2289   Table *pFrom;     /* Table containing the REFERENCES clause (aka: Child) */
2290   FKey *pNextFrom;  /* Next FKey with the same in pFrom. Next parent of pFrom */
2291   char *zTo;        /* Name of table that the key points to (aka: Parent) */
2292   FKey *pNextTo;    /* Next with the same zTo. Next child of zTo. */
2293   FKey *pPrevTo;    /* Previous with the same zTo */
2294   int nCol;         /* Number of columns in this key */
2295   /* EV: R-30323-21917 */
2296   u8 isDeferred;       /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
2297   u8 aAction[2];        /* ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions, respectively */
2298   Trigger *apTrigger[2];/* Triggers for aAction[] actions */
2299   struct sColMap {      /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
2300     int iFrom;            /* Index of column in pFrom */
2301     char *zCol;           /* Name of column in zTo.  If NULL use PRIMARY KEY */
2302   } aCol[1];            /* One entry for each of nCol columns */
2303 };
2304 
2305 /*
2306 ** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a constraint
2307 ** error.  ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
2308 ** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
2309 ** to be rolled back.  ABORT processing means the operation in process
2310 ** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
2311 ** but the transaction is not rolled back.  FAIL processing means that
2312 ** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code.  But prior
2313 ** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
2314 ** occurs.  IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
2315 ** error is not inserted or updated.  Processing continues and no error
2316 ** is returned.  REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
2317 ** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
2318 ** update can proceed.  Processing continues and no error is reported.
2319 ** UPDATE applies to insert operations only and means that the insert
2320 ** is omitted and the DO UPDATE clause of an upsert is run instead.
2321 **
2322 ** RESTRICT, SETNULL, SETDFLT, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
2323 ** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
2324 ** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys.  SETNULL means that the foreign
2325 ** key is set to NULL.  SETDFLT means that the foreign key is set
2326 ** to its default value.  CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
2327 ** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
2328 ** foreign key.
2329 **
2330 ** The OE_Default value is a place holder that means to use whatever
2331 ** conflict resolution algorthm is required from context.
2332 **
2333 ** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
2334 ** of conflict resolution action to take.
2335 */
2336 #define OE_None     0   /* There is no constraint to check */
2337 #define OE_Rollback 1   /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
2338 #define OE_Abort    2   /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
2339 #define OE_Fail     3   /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
2340 #define OE_Ignore   4   /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
2341 #define OE_Replace  5   /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
2342 #define OE_Update   6   /* Process as a DO UPDATE in an upsert */
2343 #define OE_Restrict 7   /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
2344 #define OE_SetNull  8   /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
2345 #define OE_SetDflt  9   /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
2346 #define OE_Cascade  10  /* Cascade the changes */
2347 #define OE_Default  11  /* Do whatever the default action is */
2348 
2349 
2350 /*
2351 ** An instance of the following structure is passed as the first
2352 ** argument to sqlite3VdbeKeyCompare and is used to control the
2353 ** comparison of the two index keys.
2354 **
2355 ** Note that aSortOrder[] and aColl[] have nField+1 slots.  There
2356 ** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
2357 ** for the rowid at the end.
2358 */
2359 struct KeyInfo {
2360   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
2361   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
2362   u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
2363   u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
2364   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
2365   u8 *aSortFlags;     /* Sort order for each column. */
2366   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
2367 };
2368 
2369 /*
2370 ** Allowed bit values for entries in the KeyInfo.aSortFlags[] array.
2371 */
2372 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC    0x01    /* DESC sort order */
2373 #define KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL 0x02    /* NULL is larger than any other value */
2374 
2375 /*
2376 ** This object holds a record which has been parsed out into individual
2377 ** fields, for the purposes of doing a comparison.
2378 **
2379 ** A record is an object that contains one or more fields of data.
2380 ** Records are used to store the content of a table row and to store
2381 ** the key of an index.  A blob encoding of a record is created by
2382 ** the OP_MakeRecord opcode of the VDBE and is disassembled by the
2383 ** OP_Column opcode.
2384 **
2385 ** An instance of this object serves as a "key" for doing a search on
2386 ** an index b+tree. The goal of the search is to find the entry that
2387 ** is closed to the key described by this object.  This object might hold
2388 ** just a prefix of the key.  The number of fields is given by
2389 ** pKeyInfo->nField.
2390 **
2391 ** The r1 and r2 fields are the values to return if this key is less than
2392 ** or greater than a key in the btree, respectively.  These are normally
2393 ** -1 and +1 respectively, but might be inverted to +1 and -1 if the b-tree
2394 ** is in DESC order.
2395 **
2396 ** The key comparison functions actually return default_rc when they find
2397 ** an equals comparison.  default_rc can be -1, 0, or +1.  If there are
2398 ** multiple entries in the b-tree with the same key (when only looking
2399 ** at the first pKeyInfo->nFields,) then default_rc can be set to -1 to
2400 ** cause the search to find the last match, or +1 to cause the search to
2401 ** find the first match.
2402 **
2403 ** The key comparison functions will set eqSeen to true if they ever
2404 ** get and equal results when comparing this structure to a b-tree record.
2405 ** When default_rc!=0, the search might end up on the record immediately
2406 ** before the first match or immediately after the last match.  The
2407 ** eqSeen field will indicate whether or not an exact match exists in the
2408 ** b-tree.
2409 */
2410 struct UnpackedRecord {
2411   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
2412   Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
2413   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
2414   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
2415   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
2416   i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
2417   i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
2418   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
2419 };
2420 
2421 
2422 /*
2423 ** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
2424 ** instance of the following structure.
2425 **
2426 ** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
2427 ** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure.  For example, suppose
2428 ** we have the following table and index:
2429 **
2430 **     CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
2431 **     CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
2432 **
2433 ** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
2434 ** three columns in the table.  In the Index structure describing
2435 ** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
2436 ** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}.  aiColumn[0]==2 because the
2437 ** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
2438 ** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
2439 ** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
2440 **
2441 ** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
2442 ** must be unique and what to do if they are not.  When Index.onError=OE_None,
2443 ** it means this is not a unique index.  Otherwise it is a unique index
2444 ** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
2445 ** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
2446 ** element.
2447 **
2448 ** While parsing a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement in order to
2449 ** generate VDBE code (as opposed to parsing one read from an sqlite_schema
2450 ** table as part of parsing an existing database schema), transient instances
2451 ** of this structure may be created. In this case the Index.tnum variable is
2452 ** used to store the address of a VDBE instruction, not a database page
2453 ** number (it cannot - the database page is not allocated until the VDBE
2454 ** program is executed). See convertToWithoutRowidTable() for details.
2455 */
2456 struct Index {
2457   char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
2458   i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
2459   LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
2460   Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
2461   char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
2462   Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
2463   Schema *pSchema;         /* Schema containing this index */
2464   u8 *aSortOrder;          /* for each column: True==DESC, False==ASC */
2465   const char **azColl;     /* Array of collation sequence names for index */
2466   Expr *pPartIdxWhere;     /* WHERE clause for partial indices */
2467   ExprList *aColExpr;      /* Column expressions */
2468   Pgno tnum;               /* DB Page containing root of this index */
2469   LogEst szIdxRow;         /* Estimated average row size in bytes */
2470   u16 nKeyCol;             /* Number of columns forming the key */
2471   u16 nColumn;             /* Number of columns stored in the index */
2472   u8 onError;              /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
2473   unsigned idxType:2;      /* 0:Normal 1:UNIQUE, 2:PRIMARY KEY, 3:IPK */
2474   unsigned bUnordered:1;   /* Use this index for == or IN queries only */
2475   unsigned uniqNotNull:1;  /* True if UNIQUE and NOT NULL for all columns */
2476   unsigned isResized:1;    /* True if resizeIndexObject() has been called */
2477   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
2478   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
2479   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
2480   unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
2481   unsigned bAscKeyBug:1;   /* True if the bba7b69f9849b5bf bug applies */
2482   unsigned bHasVCol:1;     /* Index references one or more VIRTUAL columns */
2483 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
2484   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
2485   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
2486   tRowcnt *aAvgEq;         /* Average nEq values for keys not in aSample */
2487   IndexSample *aSample;    /* Samples of the left-most key */
2488   tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* Non-logarithmic stat1 data for this index */
2489   tRowcnt nRowEst0;        /* Non-logarithmic number of rows in the index */
2490 #endif
2491   Bitmask colNotIdxed;     /* 0 for unindexed columns in pTab */
2492 };
2493 
2494 /*
2495 ** Allowed values for Index.idxType
2496 */
2497 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF      0   /* Created using CREATE INDEX */
2498 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE      1   /* Implements a UNIQUE constraint */
2499 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY  2   /* Is the PRIMARY KEY for the table */
2500 #define SQLITE_IDXTYPE_IPK         3   /* INTEGER PRIMARY KEY index */
2501 
2502 /* Return true if index X is a PRIMARY KEY index */
2503 #define IsPrimaryKeyIndex(X)  ((X)->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY)
2504 
2505 /* Return true if index X is a UNIQUE index */
2506 #define IsUniqueIndex(X)      ((X)->onError!=OE_None)
2507 
2508 /* The Index.aiColumn[] values are normally positive integer.  But
2509 ** there are some negative values that have special meaning:
2510 */
2511 #define XN_ROWID     (-1)     /* Indexed column is the rowid */
2512 #define XN_EXPR      (-2)     /* Indexed column is an expression */
2513 
2514 /*
2515 ** Each sample stored in the sqlite_stat4 table is represented in memory
2516 ** using a structure of this type.  See documentation at the top of the
2517 ** analyze.c source file for additional information.
2518 */
2519 struct IndexSample {
2520   void *p;          /* Pointer to sampled record */
2521   int n;            /* Size of record in bytes */
2522   tRowcnt *anEq;    /* Est. number of rows where the key equals this sample */
2523   tRowcnt *anLt;    /* Est. number of rows where key is less than this sample */
2524   tRowcnt *anDLt;   /* Est. number of distinct keys less than this sample */
2525 };
2526 
2527 /*
2528 ** Possible values to use within the flags argument to sqlite3GetToken().
2529 */
2530 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_QUOTED    0x1 /* Token is a quoted identifier. */
2531 #define SQLITE_TOKEN_KEYWORD   0x2 /* Token is a keyword. */
2532 
2533 /*
2534 ** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
2535 ** this structure.  Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
2536 **
2537 ** The memory that "z" points to is owned by other objects.  Take care
2538 ** that the owner of the "z" string does not deallocate the string before
2539 ** the Token goes out of scope!  Very often, the "z" points to some place
2540 ** in the middle of the Parse.zSql text.  But it might also point to a
2541 ** static string.
2542 */
2543 struct Token {
2544   const char *z;     /* Text of the token.  Not NULL-terminated! */
2545   unsigned int n;    /* Number of characters in this token */
2546 };
2547 
2548 /*
2549 ** An instance of this structure contains information needed to generate
2550 ** code for a SELECT that contains aggregate functions.
2551 **
2552 ** If Expr.op==TK_AGG_COLUMN or TK_AGG_FUNCTION then Expr.pAggInfo is a
2553 ** pointer to this structure.  The Expr.iAgg field is the index in
2554 ** AggInfo.aCol[] or AggInfo.aFunc[] of information needed to generate
2555 ** code for that node.
2556 **
2557 ** AggInfo.pGroupBy and AggInfo.aFunc.pExpr point to fields within the
2558 ** original Select structure that describes the SELECT statement.  These
2559 ** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
2560 */
2561 struct AggInfo {
2562   u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
2563                           ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
2564   u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
2565                           ** than the source table */
2566   int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
2567   int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */
2568   int nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
2569   int mnReg, mxReg;       /* Range of registers allocated for aCol and aFunc */
2570   ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
2571   struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
2572     Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
2573     Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
2574     int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */
2575     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2576     i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
2577     i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
2578   } *aCol;
2579   int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
2580   int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
2581                           ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
2582                           ** aggregate functions */
2583   struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
2584     Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
2585     FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
2586     int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
2587     int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
2588   } *aFunc;
2589   int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
2590   u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
2591   AggInfo *pNext;         /* Next in list of them all */
2592 };
2593 
2594 /*
2595 ** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
2596 ** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
2597 ** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
2598 ** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
2599 ** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
2600 ** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want
2601 ** to have prepared statements with over 32766 variables, and for them
2602 ** the option is available (at compile-time).
2603 */
2604 #if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER<32767
2605 typedef i16 ynVar;
2606 #else
2607 typedef int ynVar;
2608 #endif
2609 
2610 /*
2611 ** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
2612 ** of this structure.
2613 **
2614 ** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
2615 ** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
2616 ** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
2617 ** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
2618 ** tree.
2619 **
2620 ** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB,
2621 ** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
2622 ** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the
2623 ** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
2624 ** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
2625 **
2626 ** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
2627 ** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
2628 **
2629 ** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
2630 ** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".
2631 ** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
2632 ** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
2633 ** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is
2634 ** valid.
2635 **
2636 ** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
2637 ** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
2638 ** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
2639 ** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
2640 ** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
2641 ** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
2642 ** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
2643 **
2644 ** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark
2645 ** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index
2646 ** number for that variable.
2647 **
2648 ** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
2649 ** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
2650 ** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
2651 ** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
2652 ** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
2653 **
2654 ** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
2655 ** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
2656 ** corresponding table definition.
2657 **
2658 ** ALLOCATION NOTES:
2659 **
2660 ** Expr objects can use a lot of memory space in database schema.  To
2661 ** help reduce memory requirements, sometimes an Expr object will be
2662 ** truncated.  And to reduce the number of memory allocations, sometimes
2663 ** two or more Expr objects will be stored in a single memory allocation,
2664 ** together with Expr.zToken strings.
2665 **
2666 ** If the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags are set when
2667 ** an Expr object is truncated.  When EP_Reduced is set, then all
2668 ** the child Expr objects in the Expr.pLeft and Expr.pRight subtrees
2669 ** are contained within the same memory allocation.  Note, however, that
2670 ** the subtrees in Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect are always separately
2671 ** allocated, regardless of whether or not EP_Reduced is set.
2672 */
2673 struct Expr {
2674   u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
2675   char affExpr;          /* affinity, or RAISE type */
2676   u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER/TK_TRUTH: original value of Expr.op
2677                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
2678                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth
2679                          ** TK_FUNCTION: NC_SelfRef flag if needs OP_PureFunc */
2680 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2681   u8 vvaFlags;           /* Verification flags. */
2682 #endif
2683   u32 flags;             /* Various flags.  EP_* See below */
2684   union {
2685     char *zToken;          /* Token value. Zero terminated and dequoted */
2686     int iValue;            /* Non-negative integer value if EP_IntValue */
2687   } u;
2688 
2689   /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2690   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2691   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2692   *********************************************************************/
2693 
2694   Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
2695   Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
2696   union {
2697     ExprList *pList;     /* op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT, CASE, FUNCTION, BETWEEN */
2698     Select *pSelect;     /* EP_xIsSelect and op = IN, EXISTS, SELECT */
2699   } x;
2700 
2701   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
2702   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
2703   ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
2704   *********************************************************************/
2705 
2706 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
2707   int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
2708 #endif
2709   int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
2710                          ** TK_REGISTER: register number
2711                          ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old
2712                          ** EP_Unlikely:  134217728 times likelihood
2713                          ** TK_IN: ephemerial table holding RHS
2714                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: Number of columns on the LHS
2715                          ** TK_SELECT: 1st register of result vector */
2716   ynVar iColumn;         /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid.
2717                          ** TK_VARIABLE: variable number (always >= 1).
2718                          ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
2719   i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
2720   i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
2721   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
2722   union {
2723     Table *pTab;           /* TK_COLUMN: Table containing column. Can be NULL
2724                            ** for a column of an index on an expression */
2725     Window *pWin;          /* EP_WinFunc: Window/Filter defn for a function */
2726     struct {               /* TK_IN, TK_SELECT, and TK_EXISTS */
2727       int iAddr;             /* Subroutine entry address */
2728       int regReturn;         /* Register used to hold return address */
2729     } sub;
2730   } y;
2731 };
2732 
2733 /*
2734 ** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
2735 ** Value restrictions:
2736 **
2737 **          EP_Agg == NC_HasAgg == SF_HasAgg
2738 **          EP_Win == NC_HasWin
2739 */
2740 #define EP_FromJoin   0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
2741 #define EP_Distinct   0x000002 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
2742 #define EP_HasFunc    0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
2743 #define EP_FixedCol   0x000008 /* TK_Column with a known fixed value */
2744 #define EP_Agg        0x000010 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
2745 #define EP_VarSelect  0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
2746 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
2747 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
2748 #define EP_Collate    0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
2749 #define EP_Commuted   0x000200 /* Comparison operator has been commuted */
2750 #define EP_IntValue   0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
2751 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
2752 #define EP_Skip       0x001000 /* Operator does not contribute to affinity */
2753 #define EP_Reduced    0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
2754 #define EP_TokenOnly  0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
2755 #define EP_Win        0x008000 /* Contains window functions */
2756 #define EP_MemToken   0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
2757 #define EP_IfNullRow  0x020000 /* The TK_IF_NULL_ROW opcode */
2758 #define EP_Unlikely   0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
2759 #define EP_ConstFunc  0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
2760 #define EP_CanBeNull  0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
2761 #define EP_Subquery   0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
2762 #define EP_Alias      0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
2763 #define EP_Leaf       0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
2764 #define EP_WinFunc   0x1000000 /* TK_FUNCTION with Expr.y.pWin set */
2765 #define EP_Subrtn    0x2000000 /* Uses Expr.y.sub. TK_IN, _SELECT, or _EXISTS */
2766 #define EP_Quoted    0x4000000 /* TK_ID was originally quoted */
2767 #define EP_Static    0x8000000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
2768 #define EP_IsTrue   0x10000000 /* Always has boolean value of TRUE */
2769 #define EP_IsFalse  0x20000000 /* Always has boolean value of FALSE */
2770 #define EP_FromDDL  0x40000000 /* Originates from sqlite_schema */
2771                /*   0x80000000 // Available */
2772 
2773 /*
2774 ** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
2775 ** upwards into parent nodes.
2776 */
2777 #define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
2778 
2779 /*
2780 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
2781 ** Expr.flags field.
2782 */
2783 #define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
2784 #define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
2785 #define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
2786 #define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)
2787 #define ExprAlwaysTrue(E)   (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsTrue))==EP_IsTrue)
2788 #define ExprAlwaysFalse(E)  (((E)->flags&(EP_FromJoin|EP_IsFalse))==EP_IsFalse)
2789 
2790 
2791 /* Flags for use with Expr.vvaFlags
2792 */
2793 #define EP_NoReduce   0x01  /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
2794 #define EP_Immutable  0x02  /* Do not change this Expr node */
2795 
2796 /* The ExprSetVVAProperty() macro is used for Verification, Validation,
2797 ** and Accreditation only.  It works like ExprSetProperty() during VVA
2798 ** processes but is a no-op for delivery.
2799 */
2800 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
2801 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)   (E)->vvaFlags|=(P)
2802 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   (((E)->vvaFlags&(P))!=0)
2803 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E) (E)->vvaFlags = 0
2804 #else
2805 # define ExprSetVVAProperty(E,P)
2806 # define ExprHasVVAProperty(E,P)   0
2807 # define ExprClearVVAProperties(E)
2808 #endif
2809 
2810 /*
2811 ** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr
2812 ** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags
2813 ** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
2814 */
2815 #define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)           /* Full size */
2816 #define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        offsetof(Expr,iTable)  /* Common features */
2817 #define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      offsetof(Expr,pLeft)   /* Fewer features */
2818 
2819 /*
2820 ** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment
2821 ** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
2822 */
2823 #define EXPRDUP_REDUCE         0x0001  /* Used reduced-size Expr nodes */
2824 
2825 /*
2826 ** True if the expression passed as an argument was a function with
2827 ** an OVER() clause (a window function).
2828 */
2829 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
2830 # define IsWindowFunc(p) 0
2831 #else
2832 # define IsWindowFunc(p) ( \
2833     ExprHasProperty((p), EP_WinFunc) && p->y.pWin->eFrmType!=TK_FILTER \
2834  )
2835 #endif
2836 
2837 /*
2838 ** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
2839 ** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
2840 ** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
2841 ** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
2842 ** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
2843 ** field is not used.
2844 **
2845 ** In order to try to keep memory usage down, the Expr.a.zEName field
2846 ** is used for multiple purposes:
2847 **
2848 **     eEName          Usage
2849 **    ----------       -------------------------
2850 **    ENAME_NAME       (1) the AS of result set column
2851 **                     (2) COLUMN= of an UPDATE
2852 **
2853 **    ENAME_TAB        DB.TABLE.NAME used to resolve names
2854 **                     of subqueries
2855 **
2856 **    ENAME_SPAN       Text of the original result set
2857 **                     expression.
2858 */
2859 struct ExprList {
2860   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
2861   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
2862     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
2863     char *zEName;           /* Token associated with this expression */
2864     u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
2865     unsigned eEName :2;     /* Meaning of zEName */
2866     unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
2867     unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
2868     unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
2869     unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
2870     union {
2871       struct {
2872         u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
2873         u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
2874       } x;
2875       int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
2876     } u;
2877   } a[1];                  /* One slot for each expression in the list */
2878 };
2879 
2880 /*
2881 ** Allowed values for Expr.a.eEName
2882 */
2883 #define ENAME_NAME  0       /* The AS clause of a result set */
2884 #define ENAME_SPAN  1       /* Complete text of the result set expression */
2885 #define ENAME_TAB   2       /* "DB.TABLE.NAME" for the result set */
2886 
2887 /*
2888 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
2889 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
2890 **
2891 **      INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
2892 **      CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
2893 **      CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
2894 **
2895 ** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
2896 ** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement.  In the statement
2897 **
2898 **     INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
2899 **
2900 ** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
2901 */
2902 struct IdList {
2903   struct IdList_item {
2904     char *zName;      /* Name of the identifier */
2905     int idx;          /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
2906   } *a;
2907   int nId;         /* Number of identifiers on the list */
2908 };
2909 
2910 /*
2911 ** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
2912 ** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
2913 ** the SrcList.a[] array.
2914 **
2915 ** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
2916 ** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
2917 ** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  In standard SQL,
2918 ** such a table must be a simple name: ID.  But in SQLite, the table can
2919 ** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
2920 **
2921 ** The jointype starts out showing the join type between the current table
2922 ** and the next table on the list.  The parser builds the list this way.
2923 ** But sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType() later shifts the jointypes so that each
2924 ** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
2925 **
2926 ** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
2927 ** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
2928 */
2929 struct SrcList {
2930   int nSrc;        /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
2931   u32 nAlloc;      /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
2932   struct SrcList_item {
2933     Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
2934     char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
2935     char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
2936     char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
2937     Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
2938     Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
2939     int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
2940     int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
2941     int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
2942     struct {
2943       u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this table and the previous */
2944       unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
2945       unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
2946       unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
2947       unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
2948       unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
2949       unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
2950       unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
2951     } fg;
2952     int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
2953     Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
2954     IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
2955     Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
2956     union {
2957       char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
2958       ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
2959     } u1;
2960     Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
2961   } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
2962 };
2963 
2964 /*
2965 ** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
2966 */
2967 #define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
2968 #define JT_CROSS     0x0002    /* Explicit use of the CROSS keyword */
2969 #define JT_NATURAL   0x0004    /* True for a "natural" join */
2970 #define JT_LEFT      0x0008    /* Left outer join */
2971 #define JT_RIGHT     0x0010    /* Right outer join */
2972 #define JT_OUTER     0x0020    /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
2973 #define JT_ERROR     0x0040    /* unknown or unsupported join type */
2974 
2975 
2976 /*
2977 ** Flags appropriate for the wctrlFlags parameter of sqlite3WhereBegin()
2978 ** and the WhereInfo.wctrlFlags member.
2979 **
2980 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
2981 **     WHERE_USE_LIMIT  == SF_FixedLimit
2982 */
2983 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL   0x0000 /* No-op */
2984 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN      0x0001 /* ORDER BY processing for min() func */
2985 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX      0x0002 /* ORDER BY processing for max() func */
2986 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED  0x0004 /* Want to do one-pass UPDATE/DELETE */
2987 #define WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW 0x0008 /* ONEPASS is ok with multiple rows */
2988 #define WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK    0x0010 /* Ok to return a row more than once */
2989 #define WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE     0x0020 /* Processing a sub-WHERE as part of
2990                                       ** the OR optimization  */
2991 #define WHERE_GROUPBY          0x0040 /* pOrderBy is really a GROUP BY */
2992 #define WHERE_DISTINCTBY       0x0080 /* pOrderby is really a DISTINCT clause */
2993 #define WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT    0x0100 /* All output needs to be distinct */
2994 #define WHERE_SORTBYGROUP      0x0200 /* Support sqlite3WhereIsSorted() */
2995                         /*     0x0400    not currently used */
2996 #define WHERE_ORDERBY_LIMIT    0x0800 /* ORDERBY+LIMIT on the inner loop */
2997                         /*     0x1000    not currently used */
2998                         /*     0x2000    not currently used */
2999 #define WHERE_USE_LIMIT        0x4000 /* Use the LIMIT in cost estimates */
3000                         /*     0x8000    not currently used */
3001 
3002 /* Allowed return values from sqlite3WhereIsDistinct()
3003 */
3004 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP      0  /* DISTINCT keyword not used */
3005 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE    1  /* No duplicates */
3006 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED   2  /* All duplicates are adjacent */
3007 #define WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED 3  /* Duplicates are scattered */
3008 
3009 /*
3010 ** A NameContext defines a context in which to resolve table and column
3011 ** names.  The context consists of a list of tables (the pSrcList) field and
3012 ** a list of named expression (pEList).  The named expression list may
3013 ** be NULL.  The pSrc corresponds to the FROM clause of a SELECT or
3014 ** to the table being operated on by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.  The
3015 ** pEList corresponds to the result set of a SELECT and is NULL for
3016 ** other statements.
3017 **
3018 ** NameContexts can be nested.  When resolving names, the inner-most
3019 ** context is searched first.  If no match is found, the next outer
3020 ** context is checked.  If there is still no match, the next context
3021 ** is checked.  This process continues until either a match is found
3022 ** or all contexts are check.  When a match is found, the nRef member of
3023 ** the context containing the match is incremented.
3024 **
3025 ** Each subquery gets a new NameContext.  The pNext field points to the
3026 ** NameContext in the parent query.  Thus the process of scanning the
3027 ** NameContext list corresponds to searching through successively outer
3028 ** subqueries looking for a match.
3029 */
3030 struct NameContext {
3031   Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
3032   SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
3033   union {
3034     ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
3035     AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
3036     Upsert *pUpsert;     /* ON CONFLICT clause information from an upsert */
3037   } uNC;
3038   NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
3039   int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
3040   int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
3041   int ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
3042   Select *pWinSelect;  /* SELECT statement for any window functions */
3043 };
3044 
3045 /*
3046 ** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
3047 **
3048 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert()):
3049 **    NC_HasAgg    == SF_HasAgg    == EP_Agg
3050 **    NC_MinMaxAgg == SF_MinMaxAgg == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3051 **    NC_HasWin    == EP_Win
3052 **
3053 */
3054 #define NC_AllowAgg  0x00001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
3055 #define NC_PartIdx   0x00002  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
3056 #define NC_IsCheck   0x00004  /* True if resolving a CHECK constraint */
3057 #define NC_GenCol    0x00008  /* True for a GENERATED ALWAYS AS clause */
3058 #define NC_HasAgg    0x00010  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
3059 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x00020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
3060 #define NC_SelfRef   0x0002e  /* Combo: PartIdx, isCheck, GenCol, and IdxExpr */
3061 #define NC_VarSelect 0x00040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
3062 #define NC_UEList    0x00080  /* True if uNC.pEList is used */
3063 #define NC_UAggInfo  0x00100  /* True if uNC.pAggInfo is used */
3064 #define NC_UUpsert   0x00200  /* True if uNC.pUpsert is used */
3065 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x01000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
3066 #define NC_Complex   0x02000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
3067 #define NC_AllowWin  0x04000  /* Window functions are allowed here */
3068 #define NC_HasWin    0x08000  /* One or more window functions seen */
3069 #define NC_IsDDL     0x10000  /* Resolving names in a CREATE statement */
3070 #define NC_InAggFunc 0x20000  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
3071 #define NC_FromDDL   0x40000  /* SQL text comes from sqlite_schema */
3072 
3073 /*
3074 ** An instance of the following object describes a single ON CONFLICT
3075 ** clause in an upsert.
3076 **
3077 ** The pUpsertTarget field is only set if the ON CONFLICT clause includes
3078 ** conflict-target clause.  (In "ON CONFLICT(a,b)" the "(a,b)" is the
3079 ** conflict-target clause.)  The pUpsertTargetWhere is the optional
3080 ** WHERE clause used to identify partial unique indexes.
3081 **
3082 ** pUpsertSet is the list of column=expr terms of the UPDATE statement.
3083 ** The pUpsertSet field is NULL for a ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.  The
3084 ** pUpsertWhere is the WHERE clause for the UPDATE and is NULL if the
3085 ** WHERE clause is omitted.
3086 */
3087 struct Upsert {
3088   ExprList *pUpsertTarget;  /* Optional description of conflict target */
3089   Expr *pUpsertTargetWhere; /* WHERE clause for partial index targets */
3090   ExprList *pUpsertSet;     /* The SET clause from an ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3091   Expr *pUpsertWhere;       /* WHERE clause for the ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
3092   Upsert *pNextUpsert;      /* Next ON CONFLICT clause in the list */
3093   u8 isDoUpdate;            /* True for DO UPDATE.  False for DO NOTHING */
3094   /* Above this point is the parse tree for the ON CONFLICT clauses.
3095   ** The next group of fields stores intermediate data. */
3096   void *pToFree;            /* Free memory when deleting the Upsert object */
3097   /* All fields above are owned by the Upsert object and must be freed
3098   ** when the Upsert is destroyed.  The fields below are used to transfer
3099   ** information from the INSERT processing down into the UPDATE processing
3100   ** while generating code.  The fields below are owned by the INSERT
3101   ** statement and will be freed by INSERT processing. */
3102   Index *pUpsertIdx;        /* UNIQUE constraint specified by pUpsertTarget */
3103   SrcList *pUpsertSrc;      /* Table to be updated */
3104   int regData;              /* First register holding array of VALUES */
3105   int iDataCur;             /* Index of the data cursor */
3106   int iIdxCur;              /* Index of the first index cursor */
3107 };
3108 
3109 /*
3110 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
3111 ** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
3112 **
3113 ** See the header comment on the computeLimitRegisters() routine for a
3114 ** detailed description of the meaning of the iLimit and iOffset fields.
3115 **
3116 ** addrOpenEphm[] entries contain the address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcodes.
3117 ** These addresses must be stored so that we can go back and fill in
3118 ** the P4_KEYINFO and P2 parameters later.  Neither the KeyInfo nor
3119 ** the number of columns in P2 can be computed at the same time
3120 ** as the OP_OpenEphm instruction is coded because not
3121 ** enough information about the compound query is known at that point.
3122 ** The KeyInfo for addrOpenTran[0] and [1] contains collating sequences
3123 ** for the result set.  The KeyInfo for addrOpenEphm[2] contains collating
3124 ** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
3125 */
3126 struct Select {
3127   u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
3128   LogEst nSelectRow;     /* Estimated number of result rows */
3129   u32 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
3130   int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
3131   u32 selId;             /* Unique identifier number for this SELECT */
3132   int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
3133   ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
3134   SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
3135   Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
3136   ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
3137   Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
3138   ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
3139   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
3140   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
3141   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
3142   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
3143 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3144   Window *pWin;          /* List of window functions */
3145   Window *pWinDefn;      /* List of named window definitions */
3146 #endif
3147 };
3148 
3149 /*
3150 ** Allowed values for Select.selFlags.  The "SF" prefix stands for
3151 ** "Select Flag".
3152 **
3153 ** Value constraints (all checked via assert())
3154 **     SF_HasAgg     == NC_HasAgg
3155 **     SF_MinMaxAgg  == NC_MinMaxAgg     == SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX
3156 **     SF_FixedLimit == WHERE_USE_LIMIT
3157 */
3158 #define SF_Distinct      0x0000001 /* Output should be DISTINCT */
3159 #define SF_All           0x0000002 /* Includes the ALL keyword */
3160 #define SF_Resolved      0x0000004 /* Identifiers have been resolved */
3161 #define SF_Aggregate     0x0000008 /* Contains agg functions or a GROUP BY */
3162 #define SF_HasAgg        0x0000010 /* Contains aggregate functions */
3163 #define SF_UsesEphemeral 0x0000020 /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
3164 #define SF_Expanded      0x0000040 /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
3165 #define SF_HasTypeInfo   0x0000080 /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
3166 #define SF_Compound      0x0000100 /* Part of a compound query */
3167 #define SF_Values        0x0000200 /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
3168 #define SF_MultiValue    0x0000400 /* Single VALUES term with multiple rows */
3169 #define SF_NestedFrom    0x0000800 /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
3170 #define SF_MinMaxAgg     0x0001000 /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */
3171 #define SF_Recursive     0x0002000 /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
3172 #define SF_FixedLimit    0x0004000 /* nSelectRow set by a constant LIMIT */
3173 #define SF_MaybeConvert  0x0008000 /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3174 #define SF_Converted     0x0010000 /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3175 #define SF_IncludeHidden 0x0020000 /* Include hidden columns in output */
3176 #define SF_ComplexResult 0x0040000 /* Result contains subquery or function */
3177 #define SF_WhereBegin    0x0080000 /* Really a WhereBegin() call.  Debug Only */
3178 #define SF_WinRewrite    0x0100000 /* Window function rewrite accomplished */
3179 #define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
3180 #define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
3181 #define SF_UpdateFrom    0x0800000 /* Statement is an UPDATE...FROM */
3182 
3183 /*
3184 ** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
3185 ** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
3186 ** Type".
3187 **
3188 **     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary index
3189 **                     identified by pDest->iSDParm.
3190 **
3191 **     SRT_Except      Remove results from the temporary index pDest->iSDParm.
3192 **
3193 **     SRT_Exists      Store a 1 in memory cell pDest->iSDParm if the result
3194 **                     set is not empty.
3195 **
3196 **     SRT_Discard     Throw the results away.  This is used by SELECT
3197 **                     statements within triggers whose only purpose is
3198 **                     the side-effects of functions.
3199 **
3200 **     SRT_Output      Generate a row of output (using the OP_ResultRow
3201 **                     opcode) for each row in the result set.
3202 **
3203 **     SRT_Mem         Only valid if the result is a single column.
3204 **                     Store the first column of the first result row
3205 **                     in register pDest->iSDParm then abandon the rest
3206 **                     of the query.  This destination implies "LIMIT 1".
3207 **
3208 **     SRT_Set         The result must be a single column.  Store each
3209 **                     row of result as the key in table pDest->iSDParm.
3210 **                     Apply the affinity pDest->affSdst before storing
3211 **                     results.  Used to implement "IN (SELECT ...)".
3212 **
3213 **     SRT_EphemTab    Create an temporary table pDest->iSDParm and store
3214 **                     the result there. The cursor is left open after
3215 **                     returning.  This is like SRT_Table except that
3216 **                     this destination uses OP_OpenEphemeral to create
3217 **                     the table first.
3218 **
3219 **     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
3220 **                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
3221 **                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
3222 **                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
3223 **                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
3224 **
3225 **     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3226 **     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
3227 **                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
3228 **                     the additional property of being able to ignore
3229 **                     the ORDER BY clause.
3230 **
3231 **     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
3232 **                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
3233 **                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
3234 **                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
3235 **
3236 **     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
3237 **                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
3238 **                     are distinct.
3239 **
3240 **     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
3241 **                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
3242 **                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
3243 **
3244 **     SRT_Upfrom      Store results in the temporary table already opened by
3245 **                     pDest->iSDParm. If (pDest->iSDParm<0), then the temp
3246 **                     table is an intkey table - in this case the first
3247 **                     column returned by the SELECT is used as the integer
3248 **                     key. If (pDest->iSDParm>0), then the table is an index
3249 **                     table. (pDest->iSDParm) is the number of key columns in
3250 **                     each index record in this case.
3251 */
3252 #define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
3253 #define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
3254 #define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
3255 #define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
3256 #define SRT_DistFifo     5  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
3257 #define SRT_DistQueue    6  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */
3258 
3259 /* The DISTINCT clause is ignored for all of the above.  Not that
3260 ** IgnorableDistinct() implies IgnorableOrderby() */
3261 #define IgnorableDistinct(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)
3262 
3263 #define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
3264 #define SRT_Fifo         8  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3265 
3266 /* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
3267 #define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_Fifo)
3268 
3269 #define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
3270 #define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
3271 #define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
3272 #define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
3273 #define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
3274 #define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
3275 #define SRT_Upfrom      15  /* Store result as data with rowid */
3276 
3277 /*
3278 ** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
3279 ** a SELECT statement.
3280 */
3281 struct SelectDest {
3282   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
3283   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
3284   int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
3285   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
3286   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
3287   char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
3288   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
3289 };
3290 
3291 /*
3292 ** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
3293 ** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
3294 ** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that
3295 ** the code generator needs.  We have to keep per-table autoincrement
3296 ** information in case inserts are done within triggers.  Triggers do not
3297 ** normally coordinate their activities, but we do need to coordinate the
3298 ** loading and saving of autoincrement information.
3299 */
3300 struct AutoincInfo {
3301   AutoincInfo *pNext;   /* Next info block in a list of them all */
3302   Table *pTab;          /* Table this info block refers to */
3303   int iDb;              /* Index in sqlite3.aDb[] of database holding pTab */
3304   int regCtr;           /* Memory register holding the rowid counter */
3305 };
3306 
3307 /*
3308 ** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each
3309 ** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
3310 ** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
3311 ** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
3312 ** completed.
3313 **
3314 ** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
3315 ** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
3316 ** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
3317 ** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
3318 ** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
3319 **
3320 ** The TriggerPrg.aColmask[0] variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
3321 ** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT
3322 ** statements). Similarly, the TriggerPrg.aColmask[1] variable is set to
3323 ** a mask of new.* columns used by the program.
3324 */
3325 struct TriggerPrg {
3326   Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
3327   TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
3328   SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
3329   int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
3330   u32 aColmask[2];        /* Masks of old.*, new.* columns accessed */
3331 };
3332 
3333 /*
3334 ** The yDbMask datatype for the bitmask of all attached databases.
3335 */
3336 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
3337   typedef unsigned char yDbMask[(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+9)/8];
3338 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)[(I)/8]&(1<<((I)&7)))!=0)
3339 # define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
3340 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
3341 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
3342 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
3343 #else
3344   typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
3345 # define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
3346 # define DbMaskZero(M)      (M)=0
3347 # define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I))
3348 # define DbMaskAllZero(M)   (M)==0
3349 # define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (M)!=0
3350 #endif
3351 
3352 /*
3353 ** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
3354 ** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
3355 ** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
3356 **
3357 ** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
3358 ** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
3359 ** is constant but the second part is reset at the beginning and end of
3360 ** each recursion.
3361 **
3362 ** The nTableLock and aTableLock variables are only used if the shared-cache
3363 ** feature is enabled (if sqlite3Tsd()->useSharedData is true). They are
3364 ** used to store the set of table-locks required by the statement being
3365 ** compiled. Function sqlite3TableLock() is used to add entries to the
3366 ** list.
3367 */
3368 struct Parse {
3369   sqlite3 *db;         /* The main database structure */
3370   char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
3371   Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
3372   int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
3373   u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
3374   u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
3375   u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
3376   u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */
3377   u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
3378   u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
3379   u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
3380   u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
3381   u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
3382   u8 disableVtab;      /* Disable all virtual tables for this parse */
3383   int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
3384   int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
3385   int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
3386   int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
3387   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
3388   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
3389   int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
3390                        ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
3391   int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
3392   int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
3393   int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
3394   ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
3395   Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
3396   yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
3397   yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
3398   int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
3399   int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
3400   int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
3401   int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */
3402 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
3403   int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
3404   TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
3405 #endif
3406   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
3407   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
3408   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
3409   Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
3410   AggInfo *pAggList;   /* List of all AggInfo objects */
3411   int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
3412   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
3413   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
3414   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
3415   u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
3416   u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
3417   u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */
3418 
3419   /**************************************************************************
3420   ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,
3421   ** down to the beginning of the recursive section, do not need to be
3422   ** initialized as they will be set before being used.  The boundary is
3423   ** determined by offsetof(Parse,aTempReg).
3424   **************************************************************************/
3425 
3426   int aTempReg[8];        /* Holding area for temporary registers */
3427   Token sNameToken;       /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
3428 
3429   /************************************************************************
3430   ** Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
3431   ** each recursion.  The boundary between these two regions is determined
3432   ** using offsetof(Parse,sLastToken) so the sLastToken field must be the
3433   ** first field in the recursive region.
3434   ************************************************************************/
3435 
3436   Token sLastToken;       /* The last token parsed */
3437   ynVar nVar;               /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
3438   u8 iPkSortOrder;          /* ASC or DESC for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
3439   u8 explain;               /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
3440   u8 eParseMode;            /* PARSE_MODE_XXX constant */
3441 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3442   int nVtabLock;            /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
3443 #endif
3444   int nHeight;              /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
3445 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
3446   int addrExplain;          /* Address of current OP_Explain opcode */
3447 #endif
3448   VList *pVList;            /* Mapping between variable names and numbers */
3449   Vdbe *pReprepare;         /* VM being reprepared (sqlite3Reprepare()) */
3450   const char *zTail;        /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
3451   Table *pNewTable;         /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
3452   Index *pNewIndex;         /* An index being constructed by CREATE INDEX.
3453                             ** Also used to hold redundant UNIQUE constraints
3454                             ** during a RENAME COLUMN */
3455   Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
3456   const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
3457 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3458   Token sArg;               /* Complete text of a module argument */
3459   Table **apVtabLock;       /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
3460 #endif
3461   Table *pZombieTab;        /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
3462   TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;  /* Linked list of coded triggers */
3463   With *pWith;              /* Current WITH clause, or NULL */
3464   With *pWithToFree;        /* Free this WITH object at the end of the parse */
3465 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
3466   RenameToken *pRename;     /* Tokens subject to renaming by ALTER TABLE */
3467 #endif
3468 };
3469 
3470 #define PARSE_MODE_NORMAL        0
3471 #define PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB  1
3472 #define PARSE_MODE_RENAME        2
3473 #define PARSE_MODE_UNMAP         3
3474 
3475 /*
3476 ** Sizes and pointers of various parts of the Parse object.
3477 */
3478 #define PARSE_HDR_SZ offsetof(Parse,aTempReg) /* Recursive part w/o aColCache*/
3479 #define PARSE_RECURSE_SZ offsetof(Parse,sLastToken)    /* Recursive part */
3480 #define PARSE_TAIL_SZ (sizeof(Parse)-PARSE_RECURSE_SZ) /* Non-recursive part */
3481 #define PARSE_TAIL(X) (((char*)(X))+PARSE_RECURSE_SZ)  /* Pointer to tail */
3482 
3483 /*
3484 ** Return true if currently inside an sqlite3_declare_vtab() call.
3485 */
3486 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
3487   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
3488 #else
3489   #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->eParseMode==PARSE_MODE_DECLARE_VTAB)
3490 #endif
3491 
3492 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3493   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT 0
3494 #else
3495   #define IN_RENAME_OBJECT (pParse->eParseMode>=PARSE_MODE_RENAME)
3496 #endif
3497 
3498 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE)
3499   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE 0
3500 #else
3501   #define IN_SPECIAL_PARSE (pParse->eParseMode!=PARSE_MODE_NORMAL)
3502 #endif
3503 
3504 /*
3505 ** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
3506 ** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
3507 */
3508 struct AuthContext {
3509   const char *zAuthContext;   /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
3510   Parse *pParse;              /* The Parse structure */
3511 };
3512 
3513 /*
3514 ** Bitfield flags for P5 value in various opcodes.
3515 **
3516 ** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
3517 **    OPFLAG_LENGTHARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH
3518 **    OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG    == SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF
3519 **    OPFLAG_BULKCSR      == BTREE_BULKLOAD
3520 **    OPFLAG_SEEKEQ       == BTREE_SEEK_EQ
3521 **    OPFLAG_FORDELETE    == BTREE_FORDELETE
3522 **    OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION == BTREE_SAVEPOSITION
3523 **    OPFLAG_AUXDELETE    == BTREE_AUXDELETE
3524 */
3525 #define OPFLAG_NCHANGE       0x01    /* OP_Insert: Set to update db->nChange */
3526                                      /* Also used in P2 (not P5) of OP_Delete */
3527 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG        0x01    /* OP_VColumn nochange for UPDATE */
3528 #define OPFLAG_EPHEM         0x01    /* OP_Column: Ephemeral output is ok */
3529 #define OPFLAG_LASTROWID     0x20    /* Set to update db->lastRowid */
3530 #define OPFLAG_ISUPDATE      0x04    /* This OP_Insert is an sql UPDATE */
3531 #define OPFLAG_APPEND        0x08    /* This is likely to be an append */
3532 #define OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT 0x10    /* Try to avoid a seek in BtreeInsert() */
3533 #define OPFLAG_ISNOOP        0x40    /* OP_Delete does pre-update-hook only */
3534 #define OPFLAG_LENGTHARG     0x40    /* OP_Column only used for length() */
3535 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
3536 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
3537 #define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
3538 #define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
3539 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
3540 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
3541 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
3542 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
3543 #define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
3544 #define OPFLAG_PREFORMAT     0x80    /* OP_Insert uses preformatted cell */
3545 
3546 /*
3547  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
3548  * struct Trigger.
3549  *
3550  * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
3551  * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the
3552  *    database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
3553  * 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
3554  *    pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
3555  *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
3556  *    struct Table.
3557  *
3558  * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
3559  * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
3560  */
3561 struct Trigger {
3562   char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
3563   char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
3564   u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
3565   u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
3566   Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
3567   IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
3568                              the <column-list> is stored here */
3569   Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
3570   Schema *pTabSchema;     /* Schema containing the table */
3571   TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps             */
3572   Trigger *pNext;         /* Next trigger associated with the table */
3573 };
3574 
3575 /*
3576 ** A trigger is either a BEFORE or an AFTER trigger.  The following constants
3577 ** determine which.
3578 **
3579 ** If there are multiple triggers, you might of some BEFORE and some AFTER.
3580 ** In that cases, the constants below can be ORed together.
3581 */
3582 #define TRIGGER_BEFORE  1
3583 #define TRIGGER_AFTER   2
3584 
3585 /*
3586  * An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
3587  * that is a part of a trigger-program.
3588  *
3589  * Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
3590  * using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
3591  * associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
3592  * the first step of the trigger-program.
3593  *
3594  * The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
3595  * "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
3596  * value of "op" as follows:
3597  *
3598  * (op == TK_INSERT)
3599  * orconf    -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
3600  * pSelect   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
3601  *              this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
3602  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to insert into.
3603  * pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
3604  *              this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
3605  * pIdList   -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
3606  *              statement, then this stores the column-names to be
3607  *              inserted into.
3608  *
3609  * (op == TK_DELETE)
3610  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to delete from.
3611  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
3612  *              Otherwise NULL.
3613  *
3614  * (op == TK_UPDATE)
3615  * zTarget   -> Dequoted name of the table to update.
3616  * pWhere    -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
3617  *              Otherwise NULL.
3618  * pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
3619  *              them to. See sqlite3Update() documentation of "pChanges"
3620  *              argument.
3621  *
3622  */
3623 struct TriggerStep {
3624   u8 op;               /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
3625   u8 orconf;           /* OE_Rollback etc. */
3626   Trigger *pTrig;      /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
3627   Select *pSelect;     /* SELECT statement or RHS of INSERT INTO SELECT ... */
3628   char *zTarget;       /* Target table for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT */
3629   SrcList *pFrom;      /* FROM clause for UPDATE statement (if any) */
3630   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
3631   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE */
3632   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
3633   Upsert *pUpsert;     /* Upsert clauses on an INSERT */
3634   char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
3635   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
3636   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
3637 };
3638 
3639 /*
3640 ** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
3641 ** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
3642 ** explicit.
3643 */
3644 typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
3645 struct DbFixer {
3646   Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context.  Error messages written here */
3647   Schema *pSchema;    /* Fix items to this schema */
3648   u8 bTemp;           /* True for TEMP schema entries */
3649   const char *zDb;    /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
3650   const char *zType;  /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
3651   const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
3652 };
3653 
3654 /*
3655 ** An objected used to accumulate the text of a string where we
3656 ** do not necessarily know how big the string will be in the end.
3657 */
3658 struct sqlite3_str {
3659   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
3660   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
3661   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
3662   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
3663   u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
3664   u8   accError;       /* SQLITE_NOMEM or SQLITE_TOOBIG */
3665   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
3666 };
3667 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL 0x01  /* Internal-use-only converters allowed */
3668 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_SQLFUNC  0x02  /* SQL function arguments to VXPrintf */
3669 #define SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED 0x04  /* True if xText is allocated space */
3670 
3671 #define isMalloced(X)  (((X)->printfFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED)!=0)
3672 
3673 
3674 /*
3675 ** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
3676 ** from sqlite3Init and OP_ParseSchema into the sqlite3InitCallback.
3677 */
3678 typedef struct {
3679   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database being initialized */
3680   char **pzErrMsg;    /* Error message stored here */
3681   int iDb;            /* 0 for main database.  1 for TEMP, 2.. for ATTACHed */
3682   int rc;             /* Result code stored here */
3683   u32 mInitFlags;     /* Flags controlling error messages */
3684   u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
3685   Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
3686 } InitData;
3687 
3688 /*
3689 ** Allowed values for mInitFlags
3690 */
3691 #define INITFLAG_AlterTable   0x0001  /* This is a reparse after ALTER TABLE */
3692 
3693 /*
3694 ** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
3695 **
3696 ** This structure also contains some state information.
3697 */
3698 struct Sqlite3Config {
3699   int bMemstat;                     /* True to enable memory status */
3700   u8 bCoreMutex;                    /* True to enable core mutexing */
3701   u8 bFullMutex;                    /* True to enable full mutexing */
3702   u8 bOpenUri;                      /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
3703   u8 bUseCis;                       /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
3704   u8 bSmallMalloc;                  /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
3705   u8 bExtraSchemaChecks;            /* Verify type,name,tbl_name in schema */
3706   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
3707   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
3708   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
3709   int nLookaside;                   /* Default lookaside buffer count */
3710   int nStmtSpill;                   /* Stmt-journal spill-to-disk threshold */
3711   sqlite3_mem_methods m;            /* Low-level memory allocation interface */
3712   sqlite3_mutex_methods mutex;      /* Low-level mutex interface */
3713   sqlite3_pcache_methods2 pcache2;  /* Low-level page-cache interface */
3714   void *pHeap;                      /* Heap storage space */
3715   int nHeap;                        /* Size of pHeap[] */
3716   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
3717   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
3718   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
3719   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
3720   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
3721   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
3722   int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
3723   int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
3724   u32 szPma;                        /* Maximum Sorter PMA size */
3725   /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
3726   ** initially be zero, however. */
3727   int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
3728   int inProgress;                   /* True while initialization in progress */
3729   int isMutexInit;                  /* True after mutexes are initialized */
3730   int isMallocInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3731   int isPCacheInit;                 /* True after malloc is initialized */
3732   int nRefInitMutex;                /* Number of users of pInitMutex */
3733   sqlite3_mutex *pInitMutex;        /* Mutex used by sqlite3_initialize() */
3734   void (*xLog)(void*,int,const char*); /* Function for logging */
3735   void *pLogArg;                       /* First argument to xLog() */
3736 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
3737   void(*xSqllog)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int);
3738   void *pSqllogArg;
3739 #endif
3740 #ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
3741   /* The following callback (if not NULL) is invoked on every VDBE branch
3742   ** operation.  Set the callback using SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE.
3743   */
3744   void (*xVdbeBranch)(void*,unsigned iSrcLine,u8 eThis,u8 eMx);  /* Callback */
3745   void *pVdbeBranchArg;                                     /* 1st argument */
3746 #endif
3747 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
3748   sqlite3_int64 mxMemdbSize;        /* Default max memdb size */
3749 #endif
3750 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
3751   int (*xTestCallback)(int);        /* Invoked by sqlite3FaultSim() */
3752 #endif
3753   int bLocaltimeFault;              /* True to fail localtime() calls */
3754   int iOnceResetThreshold;          /* When to reset OP_Once counters */
3755   u32 szSorterRef;                  /* Min size in bytes to use sorter-refs */
3756   unsigned int iPrngSeed;           /* Alternative fixed seed for the PRNG */
3757 };
3758 
3759 /*
3760 ** This macro is used inside of assert() statements to indicate that
3761 ** the assert is only valid on a well-formed database.  Instead of:
3762 **
3763 **     assert( X );
3764 **
3765 ** One writes:
3766 **
3767 **     assert( X || CORRUPT_DB );
3768 **
3769 ** CORRUPT_DB is true during normal operation.  CORRUPT_DB does not indicate
3770 ** that the database is definitely corrupt, only that it might be corrupt.
3771 ** For most test cases, CORRUPT_DB is set to false using a special
3772 ** sqlite3_test_control().  This enables assert() statements to prove
3773 ** things that are always true for well-formed databases.
3774 */
3775 #define CORRUPT_DB  (sqlite3Config.neverCorrupt==0)
3776 
3777 /*
3778 ** Context pointer passed down through the tree-walk.
3779 */
3780 struct Walker {
3781   Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
3782   int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
3783   int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
3784   void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
3785   int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
3786   u16 eCode;                                /* A small processing code */
3787   union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
3788     NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
3789     int n;                                    /* A counter */
3790     int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
3791     SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
3792     struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
3793     struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
3794     int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
3795     struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
3796     struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert idxed expr to column */
3797     ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
3798     Select *pSelect;                          /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
3799     struct WindowRewrite *pRewrite;           /* Window rewrite context */
3800     struct WhereConst *pConst;                /* WHERE clause constants */
3801     struct RenameCtx *pRename;                /* RENAME COLUMN context */
3802     struct Table *pTab;                       /* Table of generated column */
3803     struct SrcList_item *pSrcItem;            /* A single FROM clause item */
3804   } u;
3805 };
3806 
3807 /* Forward declarations */
3808 int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
3809 int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
3810 int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
3811 int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
3812 int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
3813 int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
3814 int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
3815 int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
3816 int sqlite3WalkerDepthIncrease(Walker*,Select*);
3817 void sqlite3WalkerDepthDecrease(Walker*,Select*);
3818 
3819 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3820 void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
3821 #endif
3822 
3823 /*
3824 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
3825 ** callbacks.
3826 */
3827 #define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
3828 #define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
3829 #define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */
3830 
3831 /*
3832 ** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
3833 ** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
3834 */
3835 struct With {
3836   int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
3837   With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
3838   struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
3839     char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
3840     ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
3841     Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
3842     const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
3843   } a[1];
3844 };
3845 
3846 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3847 /*
3848 ** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
3849 ** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
3850 */
3851 struct TreeView {
3852   int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */
3853   u8  bLine[100];         /* Draw vertical in column i if bLine[i] is true */
3854 };
3855 #endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
3856 
3857 /*
3858 ** This object is used in various ways, most (but not all) related to window
3859 ** functions.
3860 **
3861 **   (1) A single instance of this structure is attached to the
3862 **       the Expr.y.pWin field for each window function in an expression tree.
3863 **       This object holds the information contained in the OVER clause,
3864 **       plus additional fields used during code generation.
3865 **
3866 **   (2) All window functions in a single SELECT form a linked-list
3867 **       attached to Select.pWin.  The Window.pFunc and Window.pExpr
3868 **       fields point back to the expression that is the window function.
3869 **
3870 **   (3) The terms of the WINDOW clause of a SELECT are instances of this
3871 **       object on a linked list attached to Select.pWinDefn.
3872 **
3873 **   (4) For an aggregate function with a FILTER clause, an instance
3874 **       of this object is stored in Expr.y.pWin with eFrmType set to
3875 **       TK_FILTER. In this case the only field used is Window.pFilter.
3876 **
3877 ** The uses (1) and (2) are really the same Window object that just happens
3878 ** to be accessible in two different ways.  Use case (3) are separate objects.
3879 */
3880 struct Window {
3881   char *zName;            /* Name of window (may be NULL) */
3882   char *zBase;            /* Name of base window for chaining (may be NULL) */
3883   ExprList *pPartition;   /* PARTITION BY clause */
3884   ExprList *pOrderBy;     /* ORDER BY clause */
3885   u8 eFrmType;            /* TK_RANGE, TK_GROUPS, TK_ROWS, or 0 */
3886   u8 eStart;              /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3887   u8 eEnd;                /* UNBOUNDED, CURRENT, PRECEDING or FOLLOWING */
3888   u8 bImplicitFrame;      /* True if frame was implicitly specified */
3889   u8 eExclude;            /* TK_NO, TK_CURRENT, TK_TIES, TK_GROUP, or 0 */
3890   Expr *pStart;           /* Expression for "<expr> PRECEDING" */
3891   Expr *pEnd;             /* Expression for "<expr> FOLLOWING" */
3892   Window **ppThis;        /* Pointer to this object in Select.pWin list */
3893   Window *pNextWin;       /* Next window function belonging to this SELECT */
3894   Expr *pFilter;          /* The FILTER expression */
3895   FuncDef *pFunc;         /* The function */
3896   int iEphCsr;            /* Partition buffer or Peer buffer */
3897   int regAccum;           /* Accumulator */
3898   int regResult;          /* Interim result */
3899   int csrApp;             /* Function cursor (used by min/max) */
3900   int regApp;             /* Function register (also used by min/max) */
3901   int regPart;            /* Array of registers for PARTITION BY values */
3902   Expr *pOwner;           /* Expression object this window is attached to */
3903   int nBufferCol;         /* Number of columns in buffer table */
3904   int iArgCol;            /* Offset of first argument for this function */
3905   int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
3906   int regStartRowid;
3907   int regEndRowid;
3908   u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
3909                           ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
3910 };
3911 
3912 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
3913 void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
3914 void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
3915 void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3916 Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
3917 void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
3918 void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);
3919 int sqlite3WindowCompare(Parse*, Window*, Window*, int);
3920 void sqlite3WindowCodeInit(Parse*, Select*);
3921 void sqlite3WindowCodeStep(Parse*, Select*, WhereInfo*, int, int);
3922 int sqlite3WindowRewrite(Parse*, Select*);
3923 int sqlite3ExpandSubquery(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*);
3924 void sqlite3WindowUpdate(Parse*, Window*, Window*, FuncDef*);
3925 Window *sqlite3WindowDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pOwner, Window *p);
3926 Window *sqlite3WindowListDup(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
3927 void sqlite3WindowFunctions(void);
3928 void sqlite3WindowChain(Parse*, Window*, Window*);
3929 Window *sqlite3WindowAssemble(Parse*, Window*, ExprList*, ExprList*, Token*);
3930 #else
3931 # define sqlite3WindowDelete(a,b)
3932 # define sqlite3WindowFunctions()
3933 # define sqlite3WindowAttach(a,b,c)
3934 #endif
3935 
3936 /*
3937 ** Assuming zIn points to the first byte of a UTF-8 character,
3938 ** advance zIn to point to the first byte of the next UTF-8 character.
3939 */
3940 #define SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(zIn) {                        \
3941   if( (*(zIn++))>=0xc0 ){                              \
3942     while( (*zIn & 0xc0)==0x80 ){ zIn++; }             \
3943   }                                                    \
3944 }
3945 
3946 /*
3947 ** The SQLITE_*_BKPT macros are substitutes for the error codes with
3948 ** the same name but without the _BKPT suffix.  These macros invoke
3949 ** routines that report the line-number on which the error originated
3950 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
3951 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
3952 */
3953 int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
3954 int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
3955 int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
3956 int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
3957 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3958 #define SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT sqlite3MisuseError(__LINE__)
3959 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT sqlite3CantopenError(__LINE__)
3960 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
3961   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
3962   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
3963 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
3964 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
3965 #else
3966 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
3967 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
3968 #endif
3969 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_CORRUPT_PGNO)
3970   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
3971 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
3972 #else
3973 # define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
3974 #endif
3975 
3976 /*
3977 ** FTS3 and FTS4 both require virtual table support
3978 */
3979 #if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
3980 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
3981 # undef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
3982 #endif
3983 
3984 /*
3985 ** FTS4 is really an extension for FTS3.  It is enabled using the
3986 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 macro.  But to avoid confusion we also call
3987 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4 macro to serve as an alias for SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3.
3988 */
3989 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3)
3990 # define SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 1
3991 #endif
3992 
3993 /*
3994 ** The ctype.h header is needed for non-ASCII systems.  It is also
3995 ** needed by FTS3 when FTS3 is included in the amalgamation.
3996 */
3997 #if !defined(SQLITE_ASCII) || \
3998     (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) && defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION))
3999 # include <ctype.h>
4000 #endif
4001 
4002 /*
4003 ** The following macros mimic the standard library functions toupper(),
4004 ** isspace(), isalnum(), isdigit() and isxdigit(), respectively. The
4005 ** sqlite versions only work for ASCII characters, regardless of locale.
4006 */
4007 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
4008 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)  ((x)&~(sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x20))
4009 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x01)
4010 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x06)
4011 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x02)
4012 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x04)
4013 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x08)
4014 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   (sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)(x)])
4015 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   (sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)(x)]&0x80)
4016 #else
4017 # define sqlite3Toupper(x)   toupper((unsigned char)(x))
4018 # define sqlite3Isspace(x)   isspace((unsigned char)(x))
4019 # define sqlite3Isalnum(x)   isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
4020 # define sqlite3Isalpha(x)   isalpha((unsigned char)(x))
4021 # define sqlite3Isdigit(x)   isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4022 # define sqlite3Isxdigit(x)  isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
4023 # define sqlite3Tolower(x)   tolower((unsigned char)(x))
4024 # define sqlite3Isquote(x)   ((x)=='"'||(x)=='\''||(x)=='['||(x)=='`')
4025 #endif
4026 int sqlite3IsIdChar(u8);
4027 
4028 /*
4029 ** Internal function prototypes
4030 */
4031 int sqlite3StrICmp(const char*,const char*);
4032 int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
4033 #define sqlite3Strlen30NN(C) (strlen(C)&0x3fffffff)
4034 char *sqlite3ColumnType(Column*,char*);
4035 #define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp
4036 
4037 int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
4038 void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
4039 void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
4040 void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
4041 void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
4042 void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
4043 void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
4044 char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
4045 char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
4046 char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
4047 void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
4048 void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4049 void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
4050 void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
4051 void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
4052 int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
4053 int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
4054 void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
4055 void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
4056 void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
4057 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4058 void sqlite3BenignMallocHooks(void (*)(void), void (*)(void));
4059 #endif
4060 int sqlite3HeapNearlyFull(void);
4061 
4062 /*
4063 ** On systems with ample stack space and that support alloca(), make
4064 ** use of alloca() to obtain space for large automatic objects.  By default,
4065 ** obtain space from malloc().
4066 **
4067 ** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
4068 ** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
4069 */
4070 #ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
4071 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
4072 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  memset(alloca(N), 0, N)
4073 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
4074 #else
4075 # define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
4076 # define sqlite3StackAllocZero(D,N)  sqlite3DbMallocZero(D,N)
4077 # define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
4078 #endif
4079 
4080 /* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
4081 ** are, disable MEMSYS3
4082 */
4083 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
4084 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys5(void);
4085 #undef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4086 #endif
4087 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
4088 const sqlite3_mem_methods *sqlite3MemGetMemsys3(void);
4089 #endif
4090 
4091 
4092 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
4093   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3DefaultMutex(void);
4094   sqlite3_mutex_methods const *sqlite3NoopMutex(void);
4095   sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MutexAlloc(int);
4096   int sqlite3MutexInit(void);
4097   int sqlite3MutexEnd(void);
4098 #endif
4099 #if !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP)
4100   void sqlite3MemoryBarrier(void);
4101 #else
4102 # define sqlite3MemoryBarrier()
4103 #endif
4104 
4105 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StatusValue(int);
4106 void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
4107 void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
4108 void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
4109 int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
4110 
4111 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
4112 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
4113 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
4114 
4115 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
4116 void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
4117 #else
4118 # define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
4119 #endif
4120 
4121 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
4122 # define EXP754 (((u64)0x7ff)<<52)
4123 # define MAN754 ((((u64)1)<<52)-1)
4124 # define IsNaN(X) (((X)&EXP754)==EXP754 && ((X)&MAN754)!=0)
4125   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
4126 #else
4127 # define IsNaN(X)         0
4128 # define sqlite3IsNaN(X)  0
4129 #endif
4130 
4131 /*
4132 ** An instance of the following structure holds information about SQL
4133 ** functions arguments that are the parameters to the printf() function.
4134 */
4135 struct PrintfArguments {
4136   int nArg;                /* Total number of arguments */
4137   int nUsed;               /* Number of arguments used so far */
4138   sqlite3_value **apArg;   /* The argument values */
4139 };
4140 
4141 char *sqlite3MPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, ...);
4142 char *sqlite3VMPrintf(sqlite3*,const char*, va_list);
4143 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_HAVE_OS_TRACE)
4144   void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
4145 #endif
4146 #if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
4147   void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
4148 #endif
4149 
4150 #if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
4151   void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
4152   void sqlite3TreeViewBareExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, const char*);
4153   void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
4154   void sqlite3TreeViewSrcList(TreeView*, const SrcList*);
4155   void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
4156   void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView*, const With*, u8);
4157 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
4158   void sqlite3TreeViewWindow(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4159   void sqlite3TreeViewWinFunc(TreeView*, const Window*, u8);
4160 #endif
4161 #endif
4162 
4163 
4164 void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
4165 void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4166 int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
4167 void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
4168 void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
4169 void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
4170 int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);
4171 int sqlite3RunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
4172 void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse*);
4173 int sqlite3GetTempReg(Parse*);
4174 void sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(Parse*,int);
4175 int sqlite3GetTempRange(Parse*,int);
4176 void sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(Parse*,int,int);
4177 void sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(Parse*);
4178 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4179 int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse*,int,int);
4180 #endif
4181 Expr *sqlite3ExprAlloc(sqlite3*,int,const Token*,int);
4182 Expr *sqlite3Expr(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4183 void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
4184 Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*);
4185 void sqlite3PExprAddSelect(Parse*, Expr*, Select*);
4186 Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*);
4187 Expr *sqlite3ExprSimplifiedAndOr(Expr*);
4188 Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*, int);
4189 void sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(Parse*,Expr*,FuncDef*);
4190 void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*, u32);
4191 void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
4192 void sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(Parse*, Expr*);
4193 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
4194 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
4195 void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int,int);
4196 void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
4197 void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
4198 void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
4199 u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
4200 int sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(Index*);
4201 int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
4202 int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
4203 int sqlite3InitOne(sqlite3*, int, char**, u32);
4204 void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
4205 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4206 Module *sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(sqlite3*,const char *zName);
4207 #endif
4208 void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
4209 void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
4210 void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
4211 void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
4212 void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
4213 int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
4214 void sqlite3SelectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
4215 Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
4216 void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
4217 Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
4218 i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
4219 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4220 # define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4221 # define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
4222 #else
4223   i16 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(Table*, i16);
4224   i16 sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(Table*, i16);
4225 #endif
4226 void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
4227 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
4228   void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table*, Column*);
4229 #else
4230 # define sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(T,C) /* no-op */
4231 #endif
4232 void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
4233 void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
4234 void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
4235 void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*, const char*, const char*);
4236 void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
4237 void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
4238 void sqlite3AddGenerated(Parse*,Expr*,Token*);
4239 void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
4240 int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
4241                     sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
4242 #define sqlite3CodecQueryParameters(A,B,C) 0
4243 Btree *sqlite3DbNameToBtree(sqlite3*,const char*);
4244 
4245 #ifdef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4246 # define sqlite3FaultSim(X) SQLITE_OK
4247 #else
4248   int sqlite3FaultSim(int);
4249 #endif
4250 
4251 Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
4252 int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
4253 int sqlite3BitvecTestNotNull(Bitvec*, u32);
4254 int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
4255 void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
4256 void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
4257 u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);
4258 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4259 int sqlite3BitvecBuiltinTest(int,int*);
4260 #endif
4261 
4262 RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*);
4263 void sqlite3RowSetDelete(void*);
4264 void sqlite3RowSetClear(void*);
4265 void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
4266 int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
4267 int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);
4268 
4269 void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);
4270 
4271 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
4272   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
4273 #else
4274 # define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
4275 #endif
4276 
4277 #if SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED>30
4278   int sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(yDbMask);
4279 #endif
4280 void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4281 void sqlite3CodeDropTable(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
4282 void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4283 void sqlite3FreeIndex(sqlite3*, Index*);
4284 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
4285   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
4286   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
4287 #else
4288 # define sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(X)
4289 # define sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(X)
4290 #endif
4291 void sqlite3Insert(Parse*, SrcList*, Select*, IdList*, int, Upsert*);
4292 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4293   void sqlite3ComputeGeneratedColumns(Parse*, int, Table*);
4294 #endif
4295 void *sqlite3ArrayAllocate(sqlite3*,void*,int,int*,int*);
4296 IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(Parse*, IdList*, Token*);
4297 int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
4298 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
4299 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendList(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p1, SrcList *p2);
4300 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4301 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
4302                                       Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
4303 void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
4304 void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
4305 int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
4306 void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
4307 void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
4308 void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
4309 void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
4310 Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
4311 void sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
4312                           Expr*, int, int, u8);
4313 void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4314 int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
4315 Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
4316                          Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
4317 void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
4318 Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
4319 int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
4320 void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
4321 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
4322 Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
4323 #endif
4324 void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
4325 void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*,
4326                    Upsert*);
4327 WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
4328 void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
4329 LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
4330 int sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(WhereInfo*);
4331 int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo*);
4332 int sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(WhereInfo*);
4333 int sqlite3WhereIsSorted(WhereInfo*);
4334 int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo*);
4335 int sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(WhereInfo*);
4336 int sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(WhereInfo*, int*);
4337 #define ONEPASS_OFF      0        /* Use of ONEPASS not allowed */
4338 #define ONEPASS_SINGLE   1        /* ONEPASS valid for a single row update */
4339 #define ONEPASS_MULTI    2        /* ONEPASS is valid for multiple rows */
4340 int sqlite3WhereUsesDeferredSeek(WhereInfo*);
4341 void sqlite3ExprCodeLoadIndexColumn(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
4342 int sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, u8);
4343 void sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(Vdbe*, Table*, int, int, int);
4344 void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse*, int, int, int);
4345 void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4346 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
4347 void sqlite3ExprCodeGeneratedColumn(Parse*, Column*, int);
4348 #endif
4349 void sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4350 void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4351 int sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4352 int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
4353 int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4354 int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
4355 #define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
4356 #define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
4357 #define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4358 #define SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF  0x08  /* Omit if ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
4359 void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4360 void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4361 void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
4362 Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4363 #define LOCATE_VIEW    0x01
4364 #define LOCATE_NOERR   0x02
4365 Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,u32 flags,const char*, const char*);
4366 Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,u32 flags,struct SrcList_item *);
4367 Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
4368 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4369 void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4370 void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*,Expr*);
4371 int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int, sqlite3_value*);
4372 char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
4373 int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4374 int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
4375 int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
4376 int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
4377 int sqlite3ExprImpliesNonNullRow(Expr*,int);
4378 void sqlite3AggInfoPersistWalkerInit(Walker*,Parse*);
4379 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
4380 void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
4381 int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
4382 int sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(Expr*, SrcList*);
4383 Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse*);
4384 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4385 void sqlite3PrngSaveState(void);
4386 void sqlite3PrngRestoreState(void);
4387 #endif
4388 void sqlite3RollbackAll(sqlite3*,int);
4389 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
4390 void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
4391 void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
4392 void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
4393 void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
4394 void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
4395 void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
4396 u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
4397 int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
4398 int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
4399 int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
4400 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
4401 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
4402 int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
4403 int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
4404 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
4405 int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
4406 #endif
4407 int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
4408 int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
4409 int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
4410 int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
4411 void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(
4412     Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,int,i16,u8,u8,u8,int);
4413 void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4414 int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*,Index*,int);
4415 void sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(Parse*,int);
4416 int sqlite3ExprReferencesUpdatedColumn(Expr*,int*,int);
4417 void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int*,int,int,int,int,
4418                                      u8,u8,int,int*,int*,Upsert*);
4419 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
4420   void sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(Vdbe*,Table*);
4421 #else
4422 # define sqlite3SetMakeRecordP5(A,B)
4423 #endif
4424 void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*,Table*,int,int,int,int*,int,int,int);
4425 int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, u8, int, u8*, int*, int*);
4426 void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
4427 void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
4428 void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);
4429 void sqlite3HaltConstraint(Parse*, int, int, char*, i8, u8);
4430 void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
4431 void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
4432 Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
4433 ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
4434 SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
4435 IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
4436 Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
4437 FuncDef *sqlite3FunctionSearch(int,const char*);
4438 void sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(FuncDef*,int);
4439 FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,u8,u8);
4440 void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(void);
4441 void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
4442 void sqlite3RegisterPerConnectionBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
4443 int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
4444 int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);
4445 void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
4446 
4447 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4448 void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
4449 #endif
4450 
4451 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
4452   void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
4453                            Expr*,int, int);
4454   void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
4455   void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
4456   void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
4457   Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
4458   Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
4459   void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
4460                             int, int, int);
4461   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
4462   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
4463   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
4464   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
4465                                         const char*,const char*);
4466   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(Parse*,Token*, IdList*,
4467                                         Select*,u8,Upsert*,
4468                                         const char*,const char*);
4469   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,
4470                                         Expr*, u8, const char*,const char*);
4471   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(Parse*,Token*, Expr*,
4472                                         const char*,const char*);
4473   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
4474   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
4475   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
4476   SrcList *sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(Parse*, TriggerStep*);
4477 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
4478 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel==0)
4479 #else
4480 # define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
4481 # define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
4482 # define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
4483 # define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
4484 # define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I)
4485 # define sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(A,B,C,D,E,F)
4486 # define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
4487 # define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
4488 # define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
4489 # define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
4490 # define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
4491 #endif
4492 
4493 int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
4494 void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
4495 void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
4496 void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
4497 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
4498   void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
4499   int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
4500   void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
4501   void sqlite3AuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
4502   int sqlite3AuthReadCol(Parse*, const char *, const char *, int);
4503 #else
4504 # define sqlite3AuthRead(a,b,c,d)
4505 # define sqlite3AuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e)    SQLITE_OK
4506 # define sqlite3AuthContextPush(a,b,c)
4507 # define sqlite3AuthContextPop(a)  ((void)(a))
4508 #endif
4509 int sqlite3DbIsNamed(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName);
4510 void sqlite3Attach(Parse*, Expr*, Expr*, Expr*);
4511 void sqlite3Detach(Parse*, Expr*);
4512 void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
4513 int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
4514 int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
4515 int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
4516 int sqlite3FixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
4517 int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
4518 int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
4519 void sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
4520 int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
4521 int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
4522 int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
4523 int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
4524 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4525 int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
4526 #endif
4527 int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
4528 u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
4529 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
4530 LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst,LogEst);
4531 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4532 LogEst sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(double);
4533 #endif
4534 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || \
4535     defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4) || \
4536     defined(SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS)
4537 u64 sqlite3LogEstToInt(LogEst);
4538 #endif
4539 VList *sqlite3VListAdd(sqlite3*,VList*,const char*,int,int);
4540 const char *sqlite3VListNumToName(VList*,int);
4541 int sqlite3VListNameToNum(VList*,const char*,int);
4542 
4543 /*
4544 ** Routines to read and write variable-length integers.  These used to
4545 ** be defined locally, but now we use the varint routines in the util.c
4546 ** file.
4547 */
4548 int sqlite3PutVarint(unsigned char*, u64);
4549 u8 sqlite3GetVarint(const unsigned char *, u64 *);
4550 u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *, u32 *);
4551 int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v);
4552 
4553 /*
4554 ** The common case is for a varint to be a single byte.  They following
4555 ** macros handle the common case without a procedure call, but then call
4556 ** the procedure for larger varints.
4557 */
4558 #define getVarint32(A,B)  \
4559   (u8)((*(A)<(u8)0x80)?((B)=(u32)*(A)),1:sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32 *)&(B)))
4560 #define getVarint32NR(A,B) \
4561   B=(u32)*(A);if(B>=0x80)sqlite3GetVarint32((A),(u32*)&(B))
4562 #define putVarint32(A,B)  \
4563   (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
4564   sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
4565 #define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
4566 #define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint
4567 
4568 
4569 const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
4570 void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
4571 char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
4572 int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
4573 char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(Table*,int);
4574 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
4575 int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
4576 int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
4577 void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
4578 void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
4579 void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
4580 void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
4581 u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
4582 int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);
4583 
4584 #if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
4585 const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
4586 #endif
4587 
4588 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
4589 int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
4590 #endif
4591 
4592 const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
4593 int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
4594 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
4595 int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
4596 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
4597 void sqlite3SetTextEncoding(sqlite3 *db, u8);
4598 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4599 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr);
4600 int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,const Expr*,const Expr*);
4601 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
4602 Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
4603 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
4604 Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr*);
4605 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
4606 int sqlite3WritableSchema(sqlite3*);
4607 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse*, const char*,const char*,const char*);
4608 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
4609 int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
4610 int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);
4611 int sqlite3MulInt64(i64*,i64);
4612 int sqlite3AbsInt32(int);
4613 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
4614 void sqlite3FileSuffix3(const char*, char*);
4615 #else
4616 # define sqlite3FileSuffix3(X,Y)
4617 #endif
4618 u8 sqlite3GetBoolean(const char *z,u8);
4619 
4620 const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4621 int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
4622 void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8,
4623                         void(*)(void*));
4624 void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
4625 void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
4626 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4627 void sqlite3ResultIntReal(sqlite3_context*);
4628 #endif
4629 sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
4630 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
4631 char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
4632 #endif
4633 int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
4634 void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
4635 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4636 extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
4637 extern const char sqlite3StrBINARY[];
4638 extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
4639 extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
4640 extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
4641 extern FuncDefHash sqlite3BuiltinFunctions;
4642 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
4643 extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
4644 #endif
4645 #endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */
4646 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
4647 extern sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3NProfileCnt;
4648 #endif
4649 void sqlite3RootPageMoved(sqlite3*, int, Pgno, Pgno);
4650 void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4651 void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
4652 void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
4653 void sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
4654 int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
4655 void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
4656 void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*, int);
4657 void sqlite3CodeRhsOfIN(Parse*, Expr*, int);
4658 int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr*);
4659 void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4660 void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
4661 int sqlite3MatchEName(
4662   const struct ExprList_item*,
4663   const char*,
4664   const char*,
4665   const char*
4666 );
4667 Bitmask sqlite3ExprColUsed(Expr*);
4668 u8 sqlite3StrIHash(const char*);
4669 int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
4670 int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
4671 void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
4672 int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
4673 int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
4674 void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
4675 void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
4676 void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
4677 void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, void*, Token*);
4678 void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, void *pTo, void *pFrom);
4679 void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
4680 void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
4681 CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
4682 char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
4683 void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
4684 int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
4685 int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
4686 int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
4687 int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
4688 void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
4689 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
4690 void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
4691 int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
4692 void sqlite3SchemaClear(void *);
4693 Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
4694 int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
4695 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
4696 void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
4697 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
4698 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
4699 KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
4700 int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);
4701 
4702 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4703 int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
4704 #endif
4705 int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
4706   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4707   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4708   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4709   void (*)(sqlite3_context*),
4710   void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
4711   FuncDestructor *pDestructor
4712 );
4713 void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
4714 void sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
4715 void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
4716 int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
4717 int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);
4718 
4719 void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
4720 char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
4721 void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
4722 Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
4723 
4724 void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
4725 void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);
4726 
4727 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
4728 int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
4729 #else
4730 # define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
4731 #endif
4732 
4733 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
4734 int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(
4735     Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,int,int,int*);
4736 int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
4737 void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
4738 int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
4739 char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3*, Index*, int);
4740 #endif
4741 
4742 /*
4743 ** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
4744 */
4745 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
4746   void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64), Parse*);
4747   void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
4748 #endif
4749 void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token);
4750 int sqlite3ParserFallback(int);
4751 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
4752   int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
4753 #endif
4754 
4755 void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);
4756 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
4757   void sqlite3CloseExtensions(sqlite3*);
4758 #else
4759 # define sqlite3CloseExtensions(X)
4760 #endif
4761 
4762 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
4763   void sqlite3TableLock(Parse *, int, Pgno, u8, const char *);
4764 #else
4765   #define sqlite3TableLock(v,w,x,y,z)
4766 #endif
4767 
4768 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
4769   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
4770 #endif
4771 
4772 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4773 #  define sqlite3VtabClear(Y)
4774 #  define sqlite3VtabSync(X,Y) SQLITE_OK
4775 #  define sqlite3VtabRollback(X)
4776 #  define sqlite3VtabCommit(X)
4777 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) 0
4778 #  define sqlite3VtabLock(X)
4779 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
4780 #  define sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(D,X)
4781 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
4782 #  define sqlite3VtabSavepoint(X, Y, Z) SQLITE_OK
4783 #  define sqlite3GetVTable(X,Y)  ((VTable*)0)
4784 #else
4785    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
4786    void sqlite3VtabDisconnect(sqlite3 *db, Table *p);
4787    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe*);
4788    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
4789    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
4790    void sqlite3VtabLock(VTable *);
4791    void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
4792    void sqlite3VtabModuleUnref(sqlite3*,Module*);
4793    void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
4794    int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
4795    void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
4796    VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
4797    Module *sqlite3VtabCreateModule(
4798      sqlite3*,
4799      const char*,
4800      const sqlite3_module*,
4801      void*,
4802      void(*)(void*)
4803    );
4804 #  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
4805 #endif
4806 int sqlite3ReadOnlyShadowTables(sqlite3 *db);
4807 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
4808   int sqlite3ShadowTableName(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName);
4809   int sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(sqlite3*,Table*,const char*);
4810 #else
4811 # define sqlite3ShadowTableName(A,B) 0
4812 # define sqlite3IsShadowTableOf(A,B,C) 0
4813 #endif
4814 int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
4815 void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
4816 void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
4817 void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
4818 void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
4819 void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
4820 void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
4821 int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
4822 int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);
4823 int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
4824 int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
4825 FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
4826 sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
4827 int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
4828 int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
4829 void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
4830 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4831 char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
4832 #endif
4833 int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
4834 void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
4835 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
4836 CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
4837 int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
4838 const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
4839 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
4840   int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
4841   int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
4842 #endif
4843 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
4844   With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*);
4845   void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
4846   void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
4847 #else
4848 #define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
4849 #define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
4850 #endif
4851 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
4852   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
4853   void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4854   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
4855   int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
4856   void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
4857   Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);
4858   int sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(Upsert*);
4859 #else
4860 #define sqlite3UpsertNew(u,v,w,x,y,z) ((Upsert*)0)
4861 #define sqlite3UpsertDelete(x,y)
4862 #define sqlite3UpsertDup(x,y)         ((Upsert*)0)
4863 #define sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(x,y)     ((Upsert*)0)
4864 #define sqlite3UpsertNextIsIPK(x)     0
4865 #endif
4866 
4867 
4868 /* Declarations for functions in fkey.c. All of these are replaced by
4869 ** no-op macros if OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined. In this case no foreign
4870 ** key functionality is available. If OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
4871 ** OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, only some of the functions are no-oped. In
4872 ** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is
4873 ** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
4874 */
4875 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
4876   void sqlite3FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int);
4877   void sqlite3FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
4878   void sqlite3FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int, int*, int);
4879   int sqlite3FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
4880   u32 sqlite3FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
4881   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
4882 #else
4883   #define sqlite3FkActions(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4884   #define sqlite3FkCheck(a,b,c,d,e,f)
4885   #define sqlite3FkDropTable(a,b,c)
4886   #define sqlite3FkOldmask(a,b)         0
4887   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d)    0
4888   #define sqlite3FkReferences(a)        0
4889 #endif
4890 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
4891   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
4892   int sqlite3FkLocateIndex(Parse*,Table*,FKey*,Index**,int**);
4893 #else
4894   #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
4895   #define sqlite3FkLocateIndex(a,b,c,d,e)
4896 #endif
4897 
4898 
4899 /*
4900 ** Available fault injectors.  Should be numbered beginning with 0.
4901 */
4902 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_MALLOC     0
4903 #define SQLITE_FAULTINJECTOR_COUNT      1
4904 
4905 /*
4906 ** The interface to the code in fault.c used for identifying "benign"
4907 ** malloc failures. This is only present if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4908 ** is not defined.
4909 */
4910 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
4911   void sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(void);
4912   void sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(void);
4913 #else
4914   #define sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc()
4915   #define sqlite3EndBenignMalloc()
4916 #endif
4917 
4918 /*
4919 ** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
4920 */
4921 #define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
4922 #define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
4923 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
4924 #define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
4925 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
4926 /*
4927 ** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
4928 */
4929 #define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
4930 #define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
4931 #define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
4932 int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*, int*, int*);
4933 
4934 int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
4935 int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
4936 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE) \
4937  || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
4938   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
4939 #endif
4940 
4941 int sqlite3JournalIsInMemory(sqlite3_file *p);
4942 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
4943 
4944 void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
4945 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
4946   int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
4947   int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
4948 #else
4949   #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
4950   #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
4951 #endif
4952 
4953 u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
4954 void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);
4955 
4956 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
4957   void sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(sqlite3 *, sqlite3 *);
4958   void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db);
4959   void sqlite3ConnectionClosed(sqlite3 *db);
4960 #else
4961   #define sqlite3ConnectionBlocked(x,y)
4962   #define sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(x)
4963   #define sqlite3ConnectionClosed(x)
4964 #endif
4965 
4966 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
4967   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
4968 #endif
4969 #if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
4970   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
4971 #endif
4972 
4973 /*
4974 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
4975 ** sqlite3IoTrace is a pointer to a printf-like routine used to
4976 ** print I/O tracing messages.
4977 */
4978 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
4979 # define IOTRACE(A)  if( sqlite3IoTrace ){ sqlite3IoTrace A; }
4980   void sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(Vdbe*);
4981 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN void (SQLITE_CDECL *sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
4982 #else
4983 # define IOTRACE(A)
4984 # define sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(X)
4985 #endif
4986 
4987 /*
4988 ** These routines are available for the mem2.c debugging memory allocator
4989 ** only.  They are used to verify that different "types" of memory
4990 ** allocations are properly tracked by the system.
4991 **
4992 ** sqlite3MemdebugSetType() sets the "type" of an allocation to one of
4993 ** the MEMTYPE_* macros defined below.  The type must be a bitmask with
4994 ** a single bit set.
4995 **
4996 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
4997 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
4998 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
4999 **
5000 ** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
5001 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
5002 **
5003 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
5004 ** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
5005 ** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
5006 ** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
5007 ** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
5008 ** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
5009 ** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
5010 ** this constraint.
5011 **
5012 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
5013 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
5014 */
5015 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
5016   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
5017   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
5018   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
5019 #else
5020 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
5021 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
5022 # define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
5023 #endif
5024 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
5025 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
5026 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
5027 
5028 /*
5029 ** Threading interface
5030 */
5031 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
5032 int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
5033 int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
5034 #endif
5035 
5036 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5037 int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
5038 #endif
5039 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
5040 int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
5041 #endif
5042 
5043 int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);
5044 int sqlite3ExprIsVector(Expr *pExpr);
5045 Expr *sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(Expr*, int);
5046 Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
5047 void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
5048 
5049 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
5050 const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
5051 #endif
5052 
5053 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
5054