xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision fb8e71c5)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Facilitate override of interface linkage and calling conventions.
47** Be aware that these macros may not be used within this particular
48** translation of the amalgamation and its associated header file.
49**
50** The SQLITE_EXTERN and SQLITE_API macros are used to instruct the
51** compiler that the target identifier should have external linkage.
52**
53** The SQLITE_CDECL macro is used to set the calling convention for
54** public functions that accept a variable number of arguments.
55**
56** The SQLITE_APICALL macro is used to set the calling convention for
57** public functions that accept a fixed number of arguments.
58**
59** The SQLITE_STDCALL macro is no longer used and is now deprecated.
60**
61** The SQLITE_CALLBACK macro is used to set the calling convention for
62** function pointers.
63**
64** The SQLITE_SYSAPI macro is used to set the calling convention for
65** functions provided by the operating system.
66**
67** Currently, the SQLITE_CDECL, SQLITE_APICALL, SQLITE_CALLBACK, and
68** SQLITE_SYSAPI macros are used only when building for environments
69** that require non-default calling conventions.
70*/
71#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
72# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
73#endif
74#ifndef SQLITE_API
75# define SQLITE_API
76#endif
77#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
78# define SQLITE_CDECL
79#endif
80#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
81# define SQLITE_APICALL
82#endif
83#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
84# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
85#endif
86#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
87# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
88#endif
89#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
90# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
91#endif
92
93/*
94** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
95** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
96** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
97** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
98** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
99**
100** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
101** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
102** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
103** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
104** noop macros.
105*/
106#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
107#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
108
109/*
110** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
111*/
112#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
113# undef SQLITE_VERSION
114#endif
115#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
116# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
117#endif
118
119/*
120** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
121**
122** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
123** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
124** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
125** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
126** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
127** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
128** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
129** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
130** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
131** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
132** and Z will be reset to zero.
133**
134** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
135** SQLite source code has been stored in the
136** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
137** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
138** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
139** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
140** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
141** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
142** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
143** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
144**
145** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
146** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
147** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
148*/
149#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
150#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
151#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
152
153/*
154** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
155** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
156**
157** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
158** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
159** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
160** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
161** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
162** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
163** compiled with matching library and header files.
164**
165** <blockquote><pre>
166** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
167** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
168** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
169** </pre></blockquote>)^
170**
171** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
172** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
173** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
174** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
175** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
176** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
177** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
178** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
179** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
180** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
181** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
182**
183** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
184*/
185SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
186const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
187const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
188int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
189
190/*
191** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
192**
193** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
194** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
195** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
196** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
197**
198** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
199** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
200** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
201** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
202** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
203** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
204**
205** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
206** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
207** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
208**
209** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
210** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
211*/
212#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
213int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
214const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
215#else
216# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
217# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
218#endif
219
220/*
221** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
222**
223** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
224** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
225** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
226**
227** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
228** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
229** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
230** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
231** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
232** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
233**
234** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
235** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
236** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
237** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
238**
239** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
240** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
241** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
242**
243** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
244** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
245** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
246** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
247** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
248** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
249** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
250** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
251** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
252** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
253**
254** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
255*/
256int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
257
258/*
259** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
260** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
261**
262** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
263** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
264** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
265** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
266** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
267** interfaces (such as
268** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
269** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
270** sqlite3 object.
271*/
272typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
273
274/*
275** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
276** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
277**
278** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
279** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
280**
281** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
282** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
283** compatibility only.
284**
285** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
286** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
287** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
288** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
289*/
290#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
291  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
292# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
293    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
294# else
295    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
296# endif
297#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
298  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
299  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
300#else
301  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
302  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
303#endif
304typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
305typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
306
307/*
308** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
309** substitute integer for floating-point.
310*/
311#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
312# define double sqlite3_int64
313#endif
314
315/*
316** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
317** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
318**
319** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
320** for the [sqlite3] object.
321** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
322** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
323** resources are deallocated.
324**
325** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
326** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
327** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
328** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
329** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
330** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
331** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
332** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
333** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
334** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
335** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
336** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
337** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
338** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
339** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
340** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
341**
342** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
343** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
344**
345** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
346** must be either a NULL
347** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
348** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
349** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
350** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
351** argument is a harmless no-op.
352*/
353int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
354int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
355
356/*
357** The type for a callback function.
358** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
359** compatibility and is not documented.
360*/
361typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
365** METHOD: sqlite3
366**
367** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
368** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
369** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
370** without having to use a lot of C code.
371**
372** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
373** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
374** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
375** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
376** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
377** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
378** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
379** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
380** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
381** ignored.
382**
383** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
384** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
385** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
386** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
387** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
388** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
389** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
390** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
391** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
392** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
393** NULL before returning.
394**
395** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
396** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
397** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
398**
399** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
400** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
401** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
402** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
403** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
404** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
405** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
406** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
407** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
408**
409** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
410** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
411** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
412** is not changed.
413**
414** Restrictions:
415**
416** <ul>
417** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
418**      is a valid and open [database connection].
419** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
420**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
421** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
422**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
423** </ul>
424*/
425int sqlite3_exec(
426  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
427  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
428  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
429  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
430  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
431);
432
433/*
434** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
435** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
436**
437** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
438** here in order to indicate success or failure.
439**
440** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
441**
442** See also: [extended result code definitions]
443*/
444#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
445/* beginning-of-error-codes */
446#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
447#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
448#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
449#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
450#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
451#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
452#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
453#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
454#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
455#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
456#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
457#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
458#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
459#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
460#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
461#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
462#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
463#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
464#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
465#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
466#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
467#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
468#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
469#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
470#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
471#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
472#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
473#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
474#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
475#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
476/* end-of-error-codes */
477
478/*
479** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
480** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
481**
482** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
483** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
484** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
485** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
486** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
487** and later) include
488** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
489** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
490** on a per database connection basis using the
491** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
492** the most recent error can be obtained using
493** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
494*/
495#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
496#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
497#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
508#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
509#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
510#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
511#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
512#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
513#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
514#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
515#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
516#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
517#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
518#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
519#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
520#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
521#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
522#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
523#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
524#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
525#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
526#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
527#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
528#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
529#define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
530#define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
531#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
532#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
533#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
534#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
535#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
539#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
540#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
541#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
542#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
544#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
545#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
546#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
547#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
548#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
549#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
550#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
551#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
552#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
553#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
554#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
555#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
556#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
557#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
558#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
559#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
560#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
561#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
562#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
563#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
564#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
565#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
566#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
567#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
568#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
569#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
570
571/*
572** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
573**
574** These bit values are intended for use in the
575** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
576** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
577**
578** Only those flags marked as "Ok for sqlite3_open_v2()" may be
579** used as the third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface.
580** The other flags have historically been ignored by sqlite3_open_v2(),
581** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
582** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
583** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
584**
585** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
586** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
587** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
588** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically be a no-op and might become an
589** error in future versions of SQLite.
590*/
591#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
592#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
593#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
594#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
595#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
596#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
597#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
598#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
599#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
600#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
601#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
602#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
603#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
604#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
605#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
606#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
607#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
608#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
609#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
610#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
611#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
612
613/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
614/* Legacy compatibility: */
615#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
616
617
618/*
619** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
620**
621** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
622** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
623** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
624** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
625** refers to.
626**
627** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
628** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
629** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
630** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
631** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
632** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
633** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
634** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
635** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
636** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
637** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
638** file that were written at the application level might have changed
639** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
640** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
641** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
642** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
643** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
644** elevated privileges.
645**
646** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
647** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
648** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
649** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
650*/
651#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
652#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
653#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
654#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
655#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
656#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
657#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
658#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
659#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
660#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
661#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
662#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
663#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
664#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
665#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
666
667/*
668** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
669**
670** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
671** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
672** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
673*/
674#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
675#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
676#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
677#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
678#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
679
680/*
681** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
682**
683** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
684** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
685** these integer values as the second argument.
686**
687** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
688** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
689** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
690** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
691** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
692** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
693**
694** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
695** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
696** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
697** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
698** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
699** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
700** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
701** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
702** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
703** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
704** cares about the difference.)
705*/
706#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
707#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
708#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
709
710/*
711** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
712**
713** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
714** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
715** implementations will
716** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
717** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
718** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
719** I/O operations on the open file.
720*/
721typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
722struct sqlite3_file {
723  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
724};
725
726/*
727** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
728**
729** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
730** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
731** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
732** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
733** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
734**
735** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
736** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
737** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
738** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
739** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
740** to NULL.
741**
742** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
743** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
744** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
745** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
746** and not its inode needs to be synced.
747**
748** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
749** <ul>
750** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
751** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
752** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
753** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
754** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
755** </ul>
756** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
757** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
758** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
759** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
760** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
761**
762** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
763** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
764** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
765** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
766** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
767** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
768** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
769** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
770** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
771** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
772** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
773** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
774** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
775** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
776** recognize.
777**
778** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
779** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
780** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
781** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
782** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
783** underlying device:
784**
785** <ul>
786** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
787** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
788** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
789** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
790** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
791** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
792** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
793** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
794** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
795** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
796** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
797** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
798** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
799** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
800** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
801** </ul>
802**
803** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
804** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
805** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
806** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
807** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
808** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
809** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
810** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
811** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
812** to xWrite().
813**
814** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
815** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
816** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
817** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
818** database corruption.
819*/
820typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
821struct sqlite3_io_methods {
822  int iVersion;
823  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
824  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
825  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
826  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
827  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
828  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
829  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
830  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
831  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
832  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
833  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
834  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
835  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
836  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
837  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
838  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
839  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
840  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
841  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
842  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
843  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
844  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
845};
846
847/*
848** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
849** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
850**
851** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
852** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
853** interface.
854**
855** <ul>
856** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
857** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
858** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
859** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
860** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
861** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
862** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
863** compile-time option is used.
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
866** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
867** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
868** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
869** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
870** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
871** file run faster.
872**
873** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
874** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
875** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
876** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
877** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
878** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
879** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
880** pointed to is set to the new limit.
881**
882** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
883** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
884** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
885** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
886** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
887** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
888** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
889** improve performance on some systems.
890**
891** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
892** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
893** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
894** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
895**
896** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
897** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
898** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
899** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
900** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
901**
902** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
903** No longer in use.
904**
905** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
906** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
907** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
908** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
909** because the user has configured SQLite with
910** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
911** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
912** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
913** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
914** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
915** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
916** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
917** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
918**
919** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
920** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
921** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
922** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
923** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
924** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
925** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
926**
927** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
928** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
929** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
930** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
931** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
932** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
933** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
934** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
935** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
936** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
937** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
938** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
939** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
940** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
941** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
942** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
943**
944** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
945** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
946** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
947** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
948** files used for transaction control
949** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
950** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
951** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
952** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
953** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
954** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
955** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
956** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
957** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
958** WAL persistence setting.
959**
960** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
961** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
962** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
963** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
964** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
965** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
966** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
967** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
968** zero-damage mode setting.
969**
970** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
971** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
972** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
973** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
974** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
975**
976** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
977** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
978** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
979** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
980** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
981** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
982** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
983** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
984** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
985** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
986** is intended for diagnostic use only.
987**
988** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
989** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
990** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
991** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
992** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
993** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
994** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
995** upper-most shim only.
996**
997** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
998** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
999** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
1000** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
1001** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
1002** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
1003** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
1004** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
1005** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
1006** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
1007** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
1008** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
1009** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
1010** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1011** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
1012** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
1013** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
1014** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
1015** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
1016** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
1017** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
1018** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1019** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
1020** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
1021**
1022** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
1023** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
1024** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
1025** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
1026** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
1027** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
1028** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
1029** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
1030** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
1031** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
1032** current operation.
1033**
1034** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
1035** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
1036** to have SQLite generate a
1037** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1038** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1039** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1040** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1041** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1042**
1043** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1044** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1045** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1046** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1047** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1048** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1049** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1050** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1051** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1052**
1053** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1054** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1055** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1056** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1057** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1058** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1059** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1060**
1061** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1062** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1063** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1064** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1065** was first opened.
1066**
1067** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1068** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1069** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1070** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1071** writes the resulting value there.
1072**
1073** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1074** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1075** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1076** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1077** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1078**
1079** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1080** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1081** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1082** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1083** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1084** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1085**
1086** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1087** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1088** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1089**
1090** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1091** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1092** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1093** this opcode.
1094**
1095** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1096** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1097** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1098** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1099** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1100** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1101** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1102** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1103** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1104** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1105** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1106** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1107**
1108** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1109** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1110** operations since the previous successful call to
1111** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1112** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1113** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1114** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1115** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1116** write operations are independent.
1117** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1118** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1119**
1120** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1121** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1122** operations since the previous successful call to
1123** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1124** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1125** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1126** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1127** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1128**
1129** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1130** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1131** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1132** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1133** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1134** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1135** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1136**
1137** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1138** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1139** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1140** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1141** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1142** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1143** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1144** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1145** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1146** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1147** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1148** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1149** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1150** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1151** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1152** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1153** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1154** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1155** a particular attached database.
1156**
1157** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1158** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1159** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1160** file to the database file.
1161**
1162** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1163** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1164** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1165** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1166** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1167** </ul>
1168**
1169** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
1170** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
1171** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
1172** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix.The
1173** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
1174** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
1175** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
1176** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
1177** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
1178** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
1179** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
1180** </ul>
1181**
1182** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
1183** Used by the cksmvfs VFS module only.
1184** </ul>
1185*/
1186#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1187#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1188#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1189#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1190#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1191#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1192#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1193#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1194#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1195#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1196#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1197#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1198#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1199#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1200#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1201#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1202#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1203#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1204#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1205#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1206#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1207#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1208#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1209#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1210#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1211#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1212#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1213#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1214#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1215#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1216#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1217#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1218#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1219#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1220#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1221#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1222#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1223#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1224#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
1225#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
1226
1227/* deprecated names */
1228#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1229#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1230#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1231
1232
1233/*
1234** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1235**
1236** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1237** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1238** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1239** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1240**
1241** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1242*/
1243typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1244
1245/*
1246** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1247**
1248** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1249** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1250** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1251** on some platforms.
1252*/
1253typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1254
1255/*
1256** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1257**
1258** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1259** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1260** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1261** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1262**
1263** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1264** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1265** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1266** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1267** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1268** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1269** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1270** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1271** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1272** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1273** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1274** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1275**
1276** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1277** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1278** a pathname in this VFS.
1279**
1280** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1281** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1282** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1283** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1284** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1285** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1286**
1287** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1288** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1289** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1290** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1291** object once the object has been registered.
1292**
1293** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1294** be unique across all VFS modules.
1295**
1296** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1297** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1298** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1299** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1300** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1301** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1302** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1303** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1304** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1305** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1306** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1307** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1308** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1309** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1310** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1311** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1312**
1313** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1314** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1315** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1316** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1317** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1318** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1319**
1320** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1321** call, depending on the object being opened:
1322**
1323** <ul>
1324** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1325** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1326** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1327** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1328** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1329** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1330** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1331** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1332** </ul>)^
1333**
1334** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1335** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1336** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1337** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1338** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1339** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1340** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1341** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1342**
1343** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1344**
1345** <ul>
1346** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1347** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1348** </ul>
1349**
1350** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1351** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1352** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1353** databases, and subjournals.
1354**
1355** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1356** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1357** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1358** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1359** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1360** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1361** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1362** for exclusive access.
1363**
1364** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1365** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1366** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1367** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1368** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1369** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1370** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1371** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1372** or failure of the xOpen call.
1373**
1374** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1375** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1376** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1377** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1378** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1379** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1380** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1381** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1382** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1383** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1384** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1385** whether or not the file is accessible.
1386**
1387** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1388** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1389** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1390** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1391** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1392** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1393**
1394** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1395** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1396** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1397** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1398** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1399** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1400** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1401** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1402** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1403** a floating point value.
1404** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1405** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1406** a 24-hour day).
1407** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1408** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1409** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1410** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1411**
1412** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1413** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1414** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1415** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1416** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1417** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1418** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1419** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1420** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1421** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1422** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1423*/
1424typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1425typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1426struct sqlite3_vfs {
1427  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1428  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1429  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1430  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1431  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1432  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1433  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1434               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1435  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1436  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1437  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1438  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1439  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1440  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1441  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1442  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1443  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1444  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1445  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1446  /*
1447  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1448  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1449  */
1450  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1451  /*
1452  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1453  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1454  */
1455  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1456  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1457  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1458  /*
1459  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1460  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1461  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1462  */
1463};
1464
1465/*
1466** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1467**
1468** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1469** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1470** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1471** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1472** simply checks whether the file exists.
1473** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1474** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1475** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1476** the directory).
1477** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1478** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1479** release of SQLite.
1480** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1481** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1482** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1483** SQLite.
1484*/
1485#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1486#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1487#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1488
1489/*
1490** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1491**
1492** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1493** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1494** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1495** xShmLock method:
1496**
1497** <ul>
1498** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1499** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1500** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1501** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1502** </ul>
1503**
1504** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1505** was given on the corresponding lock.
1506**
1507** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1508** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1509** and EXCLUSIVE.
1510*/
1511#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1512#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1513#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1514#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1515
1516/*
1517** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1518**
1519** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1520** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1521** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1522** lock outside of this range
1523*/
1524#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1525
1526
1527/*
1528** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1529**
1530** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1531** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1532** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1533** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1534** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1535** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1536**
1537** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1538** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1539** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1540** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1541** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1542** are harmless no-ops.)^
1543**
1544** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1545** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1546** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1547** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1548**
1549** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1550** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1551** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1552** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1553** sqlite3_shutdown().
1554**
1555** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1556** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1557** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1558**
1559** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1560** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1561** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1562** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1563**
1564** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1565** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1566** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1567** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1568** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1569** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1570** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1571** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1572** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1573** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1574** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1575** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1576** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1577** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1578**
1579** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1580** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1581** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1582** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1583** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1584** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1585** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1586**
1587** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1588** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1589** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1590** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1591** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1592** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1593** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1594** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1595** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1596** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1597** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1598** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1599** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1600** failure.
1601*/
1602int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1603int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1604int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1605int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1606
1607/*
1608** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1609**
1610** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1611** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1612** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1613** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1614** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1615**
1616** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1617** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1618** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1619**
1620** The sqlite3_config() interface
1621** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1622** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1623** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1624** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1625** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1626** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1627**
1628** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1629** [configuration option] that determines
1630** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1631** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1632** in the first argument.
1633**
1634** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1635** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1636** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1637*/
1638int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1639
1640/*
1641** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1642** METHOD: sqlite3
1643**
1644** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1645** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1646** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1647** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1648**
1649** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1650** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1651** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1652** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1653**
1654** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1655** the call is considered successful.
1656*/
1657int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1658
1659/*
1660** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1661**
1662** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1663** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1664**
1665** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1666** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1667** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1668** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1669** By creating an instance of this object
1670** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1671** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1672** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1673** dynamic memory needs.
1674**
1675** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1676** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1677** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1678** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1679** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1680** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1681** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1682** conditions.
1683**
1684** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1685** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1686** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1687** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1688**
1689** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1690** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1691** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1692**
1693** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1694** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1695** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1696** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1697** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1698** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1699** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1700**
1701** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1702** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1703** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1704** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1705** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1706** xInit and xShutdown.
1707**
1708** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1709** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1710** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1711** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1712** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1713** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1714** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1715** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1716** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1717** serialization.
1718**
1719** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1720** call to xShutdown().
1721*/
1722typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1723struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1724  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1725  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1726  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1727  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1728  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1729  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1730  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1731  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1732};
1733
1734/*
1735** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1736** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1737**
1738** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1739** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1740**
1741** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1742** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1743** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1744** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1745** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1746** is invoked.
1747**
1748** <dl>
1749** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1750** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1751** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1752** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1753** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1754** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1755** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1756** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1757** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1758** configuration option.</dd>
1759**
1760** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1761** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1762** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1763** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1764** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1765** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1766** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1767** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1768** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1769** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1770** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1771** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1772** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1773**
1774** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1775** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1776** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1777** all mutexes including the recursive
1778** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1779** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1780** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1781** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1782** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1783** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1784** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1785** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1786** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1787** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1788** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1789**
1790** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1791** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1792** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1793** The argument specifies
1794** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1795** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1796** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1797** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1798**
1799** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1800** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1801** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1802** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1803** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1804** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1805** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1806** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1807**
1808** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1809** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1810** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1811** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1812** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1813** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1814** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1815** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1816** </dd>
1817**
1818** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1819** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1820** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1821** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1822** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1823**   <ul>
1824**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1825**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1826**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1827**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1828**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1829**   </ul>)^
1830** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1831** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1832** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1833** </dd>
1834**
1835** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1836** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1837** </dd>
1838**
1839** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1840** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1841** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1842** cache implementation.
1843** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1844** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1845** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1846** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1847** and the number of cache lines (N).
1848** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1849** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1850** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1851** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1852** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1853** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1854** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1855** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1856** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1857** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1858** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1859** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1860** is exhausted.
1861** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1862** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1863** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1864** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1865** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1866** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1867** additional cache line. </dd>
1868**
1869** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1870** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1871** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1872** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1873** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1874** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1875** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1876** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1877** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1878** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1879** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1880** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1881** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1882** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1883** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1884** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1885** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1886** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1887** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1888**
1889** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1890** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1891** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1892** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1893** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1894** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1895** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1896** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1897** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1898** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1899** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1900**
1901** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1902** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1903** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1904** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1905** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1906** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1907** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1908** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1909** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1910** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1911** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1912** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1913**
1914** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1915** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1916** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1917** The first argument is the
1918** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1919** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1920** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1921** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1922** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1923**
1924** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1925** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1926** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1927** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1928** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1929**
1930** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1931** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1932** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1933** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1934**
1935** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1936** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1937** global [error log].
1938** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1939** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1940** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1941** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1942** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1943** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1944** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1945** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1946** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1947** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1948** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1949** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1950** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1951** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1952** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1953** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1954**
1955** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1956** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1957** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1958** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1959** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1960** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1961** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1962** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1963** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1964** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1965** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1966** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1967** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1968**
1969** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1970** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1971** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1972** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1973** ^The default setting is determined
1974** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1975** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1976** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1977** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1978** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1979** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1980** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1981**
1982** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1983** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1984** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1985** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1986** </dd>
1987**
1988** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1989** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1990** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1991** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1992** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1993** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1994** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1995** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1996** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1997** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1998** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1999** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
2000** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
2001** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
2002** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
2003** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
2004**
2005** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
2006** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
2007** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
2008** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
2009** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
2010** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
2011** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
2012** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
2013** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
2014** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
2015** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
2016** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
2017** changed to its compile-time default.
2018**
2019** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
2020** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
2021** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
2022** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
2023** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
2024** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
2025**
2026** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
2027** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
2028** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
2029** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
2030** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
2031** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
2032** target platform, and SQLite version.
2033**
2034** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
2035** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
2036** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
2037** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
2038** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
2039** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
2040** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
2041** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
2042** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
2043** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
2044**
2045** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
2046** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
2047** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
2048** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
2049** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
2050** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
2051** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
2052** exclusively in memory.
2053** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
2054** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
2055** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2056** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2057** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2058**
2059** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2060** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2061** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2062** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2063** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2064** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2065** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2066** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2067** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2068** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2069** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2070** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2071** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
2072** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2073** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2074**
2075** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2076** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2077** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2078** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2079** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2080** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2081** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2082** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2083** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2084** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2085** </dl>
2086*/
2087#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2088#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2089#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2090#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2091#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2092#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2093#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2094#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2095#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2096#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2097#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2098/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2099#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2100#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2101#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2102#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2103#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2104#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2105#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2106#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2107#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2108#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2109#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2110#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2111#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2112#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2113#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2114#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2115#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2116
2117/*
2118** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2119**
2120** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2121** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2122**
2123** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2124** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2125** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2126** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2127** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2128** is invoked.
2129**
2130** <dl>
2131** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2132** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2133** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2134** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2135** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2136** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2137** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2138** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2139** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2140** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2141** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2142** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2143** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2144** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2145** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2146** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2147** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2148** when the "current value" returned by
2149** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2150** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2151** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2152** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2153**
2154** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2155** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2156** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2157** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2158** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2159** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2160** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2161** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2162** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2163** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2164**
2165** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2166** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2167** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2168** There should be two additional arguments.
2169** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2170** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2171** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2172** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2173** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2174** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2175**
2176** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2177** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2178** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2179** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2180** databases.)^ </dd>
2181**
2182** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2183** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2184** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2185** There should be two additional arguments.
2186** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2187** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2188** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2189** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2190** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2191** which case the view setting is not reported back.
2192**
2193** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
2194** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
2195** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2196** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2197** databases.)^ </dd>
2198**
2199** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2200** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2201** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2202** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2203** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2204** There should be two additional arguments.
2205** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2206** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2207** unchanged.
2208** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2209** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2210** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2211** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2212**
2213** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2214** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2215** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2216** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2217** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2218** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2219** There should be two additional arguments.
2220** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2221** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2222** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2223** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2224** C-API or the SQL function.
2225** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2226** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2227** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2228** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2229** </dd>
2230**
2231** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2232** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2233** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2234** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2235** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2236** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2237** until after the database connection closes.
2238** </dd>
2239**
2240** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2241** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2242** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2243** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2244** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2245** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2246** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2247** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2248** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2249** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2250** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2251** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2252** </dd>
2253**
2254** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2255** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2256** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2257** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2258** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2259** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2260** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2261** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2262** was used during testing in the lab.
2263** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2264** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2265** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2266** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2267** following this call.
2268** </dd>
2269**
2270** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2271** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2272** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2273** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2274** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2275** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2276** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2277** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2278** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2279** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2280** </dd>
2281**
2282** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2283** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2284** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2285** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2286** a badly corrupted database file:
2287** <ol>
2288** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2289**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2290**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2291**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2292**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2293**      the reset.
2294** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2295** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2296** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2297** </ol>
2298** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2299** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2300** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2301**
2302** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2303** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2304** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2305** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2306** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2307** features include but are not limited to the following:
2308** <ul>
2309** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2310** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2311** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2312** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2313** </ul>
2314** </dd>
2315**
2316** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2317** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2318** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2319** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2320** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2321** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2322** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2323** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2324** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2325** </dd>
2326**
2327** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2328** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2329** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2330** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2331** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2332** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2333** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2334** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2335** </dd>
2336**
2337** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2338** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2339** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2340** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2341** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2342** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2343** compile-time option.
2344** </dd>
2345**
2346** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2347** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2348** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2349** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2350** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2351** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2352** compile-time option.
2353** </dd>
2354**
2355** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2356** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
2357** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2358** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2359** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2360** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2361** including:
2362** <ul>
2363** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2364** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2365** partial indexes, or generated columns
2366** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2367** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2368** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2369** </ul>
2370** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2371** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2372** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2373** </dd>
2374**
2375** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2376** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2377** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2378** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2379** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2380** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2381** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2382** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2383** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2384** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2385** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2386** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2387** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2388** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2389** 3.0.0.
2390** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2391** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2392** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2393** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2394** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2395** </dd>
2396** </dl>
2397*/
2398#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2399#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2400#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2401#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2402#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2403#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2404#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2405#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2406#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2407#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2408#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2409#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2410#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2411#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2412#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2413#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2414#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2415#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2416#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2417
2418/*
2419** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2420** METHOD: sqlite3
2421**
2422** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2423** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2424** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2425*/
2426int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2427
2428/*
2429** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2430** METHOD: sqlite3
2431**
2432** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2433** has a unique 64-bit signed
2434** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2435** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2436** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2437** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2438** is another alias for the rowid.
2439**
2440** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2441** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2442** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2443** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2444** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2445** zero.
2446**
2447** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2448** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2449** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2450**
2451** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2452** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2453** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2454** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2455** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2456** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2457** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2458** control to the user.
2459**
2460** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2461** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2462** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2463** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2464**
2465** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2466** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2467** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2468** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2469** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2470** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2471** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2472** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2473** the return value of this interface.)^
2474**
2475** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2476** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2477**
2478** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2479** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2480**
2481** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2482** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2483** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2484** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2485** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2486** last insert [rowid].
2487*/
2488sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2489
2490/*
2491** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2492** METHOD: sqlite3
2493**
2494** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2495** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2496** without inserting a row into the database.
2497*/
2498void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2499
2500/*
2501** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2502** METHOD: sqlite3
2503**
2504** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
2505** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2506** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2507** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
2508** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE
2509** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2510** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
2511** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
2512**
2513** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2514** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2515** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2516**
2517** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2518** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2519** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2520** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2521** tables are counted.
2522**
2523** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2524** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2525** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2526** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2527**
2528** <ul>
2529**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2530**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2531**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2532**
2533**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2534**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2535**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2536**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2537**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2538** </ul>
2539**
2540** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2541** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2542** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2543** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2544** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2545** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2546**
2547** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2548** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2549** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2550**
2551** See also:
2552** <ul>
2553** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2554** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2555** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2556** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2557** </ul>
2558*/
2559int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2560sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);
2561
2562/*
2563** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2564** METHOD: sqlite3
2565**
2566** ^These functions return the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2567** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2568** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2569** part of trigger programs. The two functions are identical except for the
2570** type of the return value and that if the number of rows modified by the
2571** connection exceeds the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2572** the return value of sqlite3_total_changes() is undefined. ^Executing
2573** any other type of SQL statement does not affect the value returned by
2574** sqlite3_total_changes().
2575**
2576** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2577** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2578** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2579** are not counted.
2580**
2581** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2582** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2583** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2584** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2585** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2586** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2587**
2588** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2589** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2590** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2591**
2592** See also:
2593** <ul>
2594** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2595** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2596** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2597** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2598** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2599** </ul>
2600*/
2601int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2602sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_total_changes64(sqlite3*);
2603
2604/*
2605** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2606** METHOD: sqlite3
2607**
2608** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2609** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2610** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2611** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2612** immediately.
2613**
2614** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2615** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2616** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2617** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2618**
2619** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2620** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2621** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2622**
2623** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2624** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2625** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2626** will be rolled back automatically.
2627**
2628** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2629** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2630** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2631** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2632** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2633** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2634** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2635** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2636** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2637** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2638*/
2639void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2640
2641/*
2642** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2643**
2644** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2645** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2646** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2647** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2648** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2649** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2650** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2651** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2652** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2653** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2654** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2655**
2656** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2657** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2658**
2659** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2660** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2661**
2662** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2663** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2664** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2665** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2666** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2667**
2668** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2669** UTF-8 string.
2670**
2671** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2672** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2673*/
2674int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2675int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2676
2677/*
2678** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2679** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2680** METHOD: sqlite3
2681**
2682** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2683** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2684** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2685** [database connection] D when another thread
2686** or process has the table locked.
2687** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2688** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2689**
2690** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2691** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2692** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2693**
2694** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2695** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2696** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2697** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2698** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2699** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2700** to the application.
2701** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2702** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2703**
2704** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2705** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2706** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2707** to the application instead of invoking the
2708** busy handler.
2709** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2710** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2711** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2712** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2713** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2714** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2715** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2716** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2717** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2718** the second process to proceed.
2719**
2720** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2721**
2722** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2723** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2724** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2725** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2726** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2727**
2728** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2729** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2730** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2731** result in undefined behavior.
2732**
2733** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2734** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2735*/
2736int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2737
2738/*
2739** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2740** METHOD: sqlite3
2741**
2742** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2743** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2744** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2745** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2746** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2747** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2748**
2749** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2750** turns off all busy handlers.
2751**
2752** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2753** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2754** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2755** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2756**
2757** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2758*/
2759int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2760
2761/*
2762** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2763** METHOD: sqlite3
2764**
2765** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2766** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2767**
2768** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2769** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2770** complete query results from one or more queries.
2771**
2772** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2773** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2774** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2775** and M be the number of columns.
2776**
2777** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2778** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2779** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2780** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2781** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2782** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2783**
2784** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2785** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2786** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2787**
2788** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2789** is as follows:
2790**
2791** <blockquote><pre>
2792**        Name        | Age
2793**        -----------------------
2794**        Alice       | 43
2795**        Bob         | 28
2796**        Cindy       | 21
2797** </pre></blockquote>
2798**
2799** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2800** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2801** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2802**
2803** <blockquote><pre>
2804**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2805**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2806**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2807**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2808**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2809**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2810**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2811**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2812** </pre></blockquote>)^
2813**
2814** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2815** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2816** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2817** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2818**
2819** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2820** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2821** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2822** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2823** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2824** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2825**
2826** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2827** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2828** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2829** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2830** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2831** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2832** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2833*/
2834int sqlite3_get_table(
2835  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2836  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2837  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2838  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2839  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2840  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2841);
2842void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2843
2844/*
2845** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2846**
2847** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2848** from the standard C library.
2849** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2850** the standard library printf()
2851** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2852** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2853**
2854** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2855** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2856** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2857** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2858** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2859** memory to hold the resulting string.
2860**
2861** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2862** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2863** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2864** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2865** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2866** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2867** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2868** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2869** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2870** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2871** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2872** now without breaking compatibility.
2873**
2874** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2875** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2876** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2877** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2878** written will be n-1 characters.
2879**
2880** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2881**
2882** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2883*/
2884char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2885char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2886char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2887char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2888
2889/*
2890** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2891**
2892** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2893** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2894** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
2895** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2896**
2897** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2898** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2899** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2900** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2901** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2902** a NULL pointer.
2903**
2904** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2905** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2906** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2907**
2908** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2909** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2910** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2911** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2912** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2913** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2914** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2915** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2916** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2917** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2918**
2919** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2920** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2921** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2922** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2923** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2924** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2925** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2926** sqlite3_free(X).
2927** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2928** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2929** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2930** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2931** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2932** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2933** prior allocation is not freed.
2934**
2935** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2936** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2937** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2938**
2939** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2940** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2941** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2942** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2943** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2944** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2945** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2946** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2947** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2948**
2949** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2950** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2951** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2952** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2953** option is used.
2954**
2955** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2956** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2957** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2958** not yet been released.
2959**
2960** The application must not read or write any part of
2961** a block of memory after it has been released using
2962** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2963*/
2964void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2965void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2966void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2967void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2968void sqlite3_free(void*);
2969sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2970
2971/*
2972** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2973**
2974** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2975** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2976** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2977**
2978** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2979** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2980** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2981** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2982** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2983** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2984** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2985** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2986** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2987**
2988** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2989** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2990** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2991** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2992** prior to the reset.
2993*/
2994sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2995sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2996
2997/*
2998** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2999**
3000** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
3001** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
3002** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
3003** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
3004** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
3005**
3006** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
3007** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
3008**
3009** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
3010** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
3011** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
3012** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
3013** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
3014** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
3015** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
3016** method.
3017*/
3018void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
3019
3020/*
3021** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
3022** METHOD: sqlite3
3023** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
3024**
3025** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
3026** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
3027** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
3028** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
3029** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
3030** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
3031** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
3032** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
3033** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
3034** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
3035** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
3036** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
3037** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
3038** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
3039** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
3040** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
3041**
3042** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
3043** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
3044** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
3045** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
3046** access is denied.
3047**
3048** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
3049** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
3050** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
3051** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
3052** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
3053** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
3054** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
3055** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
3056**
3057** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
3058** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
3059** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
3060** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
3061** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
3062** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
3063** columns of a table.
3064** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
3065** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
3066** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
3067** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
3068** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
3069** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
3070** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3071**
3072** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3073** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3074** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3075** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3076** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3077** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3078** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3079** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3080** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3081** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3082**
3083** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3084** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3085** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3086** in addition to using an authorizer.
3087**
3088** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3089** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3090** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3091** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3092**
3093** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3094** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3095** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3096** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3097**
3098** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3099** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3100** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3101** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3102**
3103** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3104** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3105** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3106** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3107** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3108*/
3109int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3110  sqlite3*,
3111  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3112  void *pUserData
3113);
3114
3115/*
3116** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3117**
3118** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3119** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3120** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3121** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3122** information.
3123**
3124** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3125** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3126*/
3127#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3128#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3129
3130/*
3131** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3132**
3133** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3134** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3135** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3136** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3137** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3138**
3139** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3140** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3141** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3142** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3143** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3144** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3145** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3146** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3147** top-level SQL code.
3148*/
3149/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3150#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3151#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3152#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3153#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3154#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3155#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3156#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3157#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3158#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3159#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3160#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3161#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3162#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3163#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3164#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3165#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3166#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3167#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3168#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3169#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3170#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3171#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3172#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3173#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3174#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3175#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3176#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3177#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3178#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3179#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3180#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3181#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3182#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3183#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3184
3185/*
3186** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3187** METHOD: sqlite3
3188**
3189** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3190** instead of the routines described here.
3191**
3192** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3193** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3194**
3195** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3196** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3197** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3198** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3199** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3200** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3201** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3202**
3203** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3204** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3205**
3206** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3207** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3208** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3209** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3210** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3211** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3212** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3213** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3214** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3215** profile callback.
3216*/
3217SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3218   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3219SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3220   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3221
3222/*
3223** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3224** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3225**
3226** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3227** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3228** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3229** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3230** is one of the following constants.
3231**
3232** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3233**
3234** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3235** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3236** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3237** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3238** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3239**
3240** <dl>
3241** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3242** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3243** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3244** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3245** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3246** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3247** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3248** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3249** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3250** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3251** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3252**
3253** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3254** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3255** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3256** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3257** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3258** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3259** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3260**
3261** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3262** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3263** statement generates a single row of result.
3264** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3265** X argument is unused.
3266**
3267** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3268** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3269** connection closes.
3270** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3271** and the X argument is unused.
3272** </dl>
3273*/
3274#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3275#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3276#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3277#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3278
3279/*
3280** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3281** METHOD: sqlite3
3282**
3283** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3284** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3285** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3286** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3287** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3288** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3289**
3290** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3291** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3292**
3293** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3294** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3295** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3296** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3297**
3298** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3299** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3300** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3301** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3302** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3303**
3304** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3305** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3306** are deprecated.
3307*/
3308int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3309  sqlite3*,
3310  unsigned uMask,
3311  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3312  void *pCtx
3313);
3314
3315/*
3316** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3317** METHOD: sqlite3
3318**
3319** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3320** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3321** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3322** database connection D.  An example use for this
3323** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3324**
3325** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3326** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3327** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3328** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3329** handler is disabled.
3330**
3331** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3332** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3333** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3334** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3335** than 1.
3336**
3337** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3338** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3339** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3340**
3341** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3342** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3343** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3344** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3345**
3346*/
3347void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3348
3349/*
3350** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3351** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3352**
3353** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3354** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3355** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3356** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3357** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3358** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3359** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3360** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3361** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3362** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3363** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3364** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3365**
3366** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3367** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3368** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3369**
3370** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3371** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3372** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3373**
3374** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3375** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3376** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3377** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3378** three flag combinations:)^
3379**
3380** <dl>
3381** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3382** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3383** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3384**
3385** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3386** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3387** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3388** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3389**
3390** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3391** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3392** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3393** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3394** </dl>
3395**
3396** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3397** also supported:
3398**
3399** <dl>
3400** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3401** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3402**
3403** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3404** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3405** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3406** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3407** </dd>)^
3408**
3409** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3410** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3411** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3412** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3413** a different [database connection].
3414**
3415** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3416** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3417** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3418** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3419** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3420** there is no harm in trying.)
3421**
3422** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3423** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3424** the default shared cache setting provided by
3425** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3426**
3427** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3428** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3429** the default shared cache setting provided by
3430** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3431**
3432** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3433** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link</dd>
3434** </dl>)^
3435**
3436** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3437** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3438** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3439** then the behavior is undefined.  Historic versions of SQLite
3440** have silently ignored surplus bits in the flags parameter to
3441** sqlite3_open_v2(), however that behavior might not be carried through
3442** into future versions of SQLite and so applications should not rely
3443** upon it.  Note in particular that the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag is a no-op
3444** for sqlite3_open_v2().  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE does *not* cause
3445** the open to fail if the database already exists.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
3446** flag is intended for use by the [sqlite3_vfs|VFS interface] only, and not
3447** by sqlite3_open_v2().
3448**
3449** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3450** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3451** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3452** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3453**
3454** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3455** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3456** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3457** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3458** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3459** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3460** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3461**
3462** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3463** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3464** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3465**
3466** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3467**
3468** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3469** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3470** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3471** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3472** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3473** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3474** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3475** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3476** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3477** information.
3478**
3479** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3480** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3481** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3482** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3483** present, is ignored.
3484**
3485** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3486** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3487** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3488** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3489** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3490** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3491** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3492**
3493** [[core URI query parameters]]
3494** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3495** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3496** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3497** following query parameters:
3498**
3499** <ul>
3500**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3501**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3502**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3503**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3504**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3505**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3506**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3507**
3508**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3509**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3510**     an error)^.
3511**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3512**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3513**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3514**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3515**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3516**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3517**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3518**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3519**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3520**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3521**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3522**
3523**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3524**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3525**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3526**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3527**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3528**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3529**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3530**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3531**
3532**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3533**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3534**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3535**
3536**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3537**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3538**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3539**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3540**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3541**     processes uses nolock=1.
3542**
3543**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3544**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3545**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3546**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3547**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3548**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3549**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3550**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3551**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3552**
3553** </ul>
3554**
3555** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3556** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3557** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3558** additional information.
3559**
3560** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3561**
3562** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3563** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3564** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3565**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3566** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3567**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3568**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3569**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3570** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3571**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3572** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3573**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3574**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3575**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3576**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3577**          in URI filenames.
3578** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3579**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3580**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3581**          default, use a private cache.
3582** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3583**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3584**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3585** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3586**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3587**          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3588** </table>
3589**
3590** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3591** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3592** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3593** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3594** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3595** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3596** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3597** the results are undefined.
3598**
3599** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3600** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3601** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3602** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3603** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3604**
3605** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3606** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3607** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3608**
3609** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3610*/
3611int sqlite3_open(
3612  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3613  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3614);
3615int sqlite3_open16(
3616  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3617  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3618);
3619int sqlite3_open_v2(
3620  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3621  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3622  int flags,              /* Flags */
3623  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3624);
3625
3626/*
3627** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3628**
3629** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3630** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3631** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3632**
3633** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3634** as F) must be one of:
3635** <ul>
3636** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3637** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
3638** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3639** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3640** </ul>
3641** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3642** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3643** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3644**
3645** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3646** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3647** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3648** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3649** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3650** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3651** a pointer to an empty string.
3652**
3653** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3654** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3655** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3656** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3657** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3658** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3659** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3660** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3661** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3662** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3663**
3664** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3665** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3666** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3667** zero is returned.
3668**
3669** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3670** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3671** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3672** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
3673** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
3674** so forth.
3675**
3676** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3677** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3678** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
3679** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
3680** and probably undesirable.
3681**
3682** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
3683** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
3684** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
3685** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
3686** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
3687** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
3688** main database file.
3689**
3690** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3691*/
3692const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3693int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3694sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3695const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N);
3696
3697/*
3698** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
3699**
3700** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
3701** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
3702** and the WAL file.
3703**
3704** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3705** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
3706** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
3707**
3708** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3709** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
3710** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
3711** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
3712**
3713** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3714** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
3715** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
3716** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
3717** WAL file.
3718**
3719** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
3720** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
3721** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
3722** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
3723*/
3724const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char*);
3725const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char*);
3726const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char*);
3727
3728/*
3729** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
3730**
3731** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
3732** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
3733** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
3734** object that represents the main database file.
3735**
3736** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
3737** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
3738** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
3739** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
3740** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
3741** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
3742** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
3743** behavior.
3744*/
3745sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
3746
3747/*
3748** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
3749**
3750** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
3751** are not useful outside of that context.
3752**
3753** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
3754** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
3755** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
3756** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
3757** is safe to pass to routines like:
3758** <ul>
3759** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
3760** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
3761** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
3762** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
3763** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
3764** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
3765** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
3766** </ul>
3767** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
3768** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
3769** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3770**
3771** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
3772** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
3773** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
3774** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
3775** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
3776** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
3777** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
3778**
3779** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
3780** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
3781** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3782**
3783** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
3784** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
3785** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
3786** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
3787** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
3788** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
3789** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
3790** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3791*/
3792char *sqlite3_create_filename(
3793  const char *zDatabase,
3794  const char *zJournal,
3795  const char *zWal,
3796  int nParam,
3797  const char **azParam
3798);
3799void sqlite3_free_filename(char*);
3800
3801/*
3802** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3803** METHOD: sqlite3
3804**
3805** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3806** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3807** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3808** API call.
3809** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3810** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3811** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3812** disabled.
3813**
3814** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3815** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3816** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3817** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3818** interfaces are:
3819**
3820** <ul>
3821** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3822** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3823** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3824** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3825** </ul>
3826**
3827** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3828** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3829** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3830** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3831** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3832** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3833**
3834** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3835** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3836** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3837** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3838**
3839** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3840** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3841** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3842** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3843** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3844** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3845** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3846** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3847** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3848**
3849** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3850** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3851** error code and message may or may not be set.
3852*/
3853int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3854int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3855const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3856const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3857const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3858
3859/*
3860** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3861** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3862**
3863** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3864** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3865**
3866** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3867** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3868** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3869** prepared statement before it can be run.
3870**
3871** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3872**
3873** <ol>
3874** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3875** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3876**      interfaces.
3877** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3878** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3879**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3880** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3881** </ol>
3882*/
3883typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3884
3885/*
3886** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3887** METHOD: sqlite3
3888**
3889** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3890** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3891** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3892** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3893** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3894** new limit for that construct.)^
3895**
3896** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3897** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3898** [limits | hard upper bound]
3899** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3900** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3901** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3902** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3903** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3904**
3905** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3906** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3907** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3908** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3909**
3910** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3911** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3912** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3913** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3914** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3915** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3916** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3917** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3918** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3919** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3920** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3921** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3922**
3923** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3924*/
3925int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3926
3927/*
3928** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3929** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3930**
3931** These constants define various performance limits
3932** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3933** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3934** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3935**
3936** <dl>
3937** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3938** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3939**
3940** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3941** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3942**
3943** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3944** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3945** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3946** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3947**
3948** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3949** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3950**
3951** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3952** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3953**
3954** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3955** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3956** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3957** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3958** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3959**
3960** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3961** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3962**
3963** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3964** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3965**
3966** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3967** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3968** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3969** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3970**
3971** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3972** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3973** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3974**
3975** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3976** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3977**
3978** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3979** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3980** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3981** </dl>
3982*/
3983#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3984#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3985#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3986#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3987#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3988#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3989#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3990#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3991#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3992#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3993#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3994#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3995
3996/*
3997** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3998**
3999** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
4000** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
4001** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
4002**
4003** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
4004**
4005** <dl>
4006** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
4007** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
4008** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
4009** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
4010** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
4011** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
4012** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
4013** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
4014** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
4015** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
4016**
4017** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
4018** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
4019** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
4020** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
4021** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
4022** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
4023** flag.
4024**
4025** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
4026** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
4027** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
4028** any virtual tables.
4029** </dl>
4030*/
4031#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
4032#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
4033#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
4034
4035/*
4036** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
4037** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
4038** METHOD: sqlite3
4039** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4040**
4041** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
4042** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
4043** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
4044**
4045** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
4046** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
4047** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
4048** for special purposes.
4049**
4050** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
4051** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
4052** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
4053** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
4054**
4055** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
4056** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
4057** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
4058**
4059** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
4060** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
4061** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
4062** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4063** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
4064**
4065** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
4066** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
4067** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
4068** statement is generated.
4069** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
4070** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
4071** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
4072** the nul-terminator.
4073**
4074** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
4075** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
4076** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
4077** what remains uncompiled.
4078**
4079** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4080** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4081** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4082** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4083** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4084** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4085** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4086**
4087** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4088** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4089**
4090** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4091** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4092** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4093** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4094** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4095** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4096** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4097** behave differently in three ways:
4098**
4099** <ol>
4100** <li>
4101** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4102** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4103** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4104** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4105** </li>
4106**
4107** <li>
4108** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4109** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4110** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4111** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4112** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4113** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4114** </li>
4115**
4116** <li>
4117** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4118** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4119** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4120** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4121** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4122** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4123** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4124** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4125** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4126** </li>
4127** </ol>
4128**
4129** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4130** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4131** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4132** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4133** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4134*/
4135int sqlite3_prepare(
4136  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4137  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4138  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4139  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4140  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4141);
4142int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4143  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4144  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4145  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4146  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4147  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4148);
4149int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4150  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4151  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4152  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4153  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4154  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4155  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4156);
4157int sqlite3_prepare16(
4158  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4159  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4160  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4161  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4162  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4163);
4164int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4165  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4166  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4167  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4168  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4169  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4170);
4171int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4172  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4173  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4174  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4175  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4176  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4177  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4178);
4179
4180/*
4181** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4182** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4183**
4184** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4185** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4186** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4187** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4188** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4189** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4190** [bound parameters] expanded.
4191** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4192** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4193** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4194** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4195** placeholders.
4196**
4197** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4198** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4199** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4200** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4201** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4202**
4203** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4204** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4205** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4206**
4207** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4208** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4209** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4210**
4211** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4212** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4213** statement is finalized.
4214** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4215** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be freed by the application
4216** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4217**
4218** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql() interface is only available if
4219** the [SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE] compile-time option is defined.
4220*/
4221const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4222char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4223#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4224const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4225#endif
4226
4227/*
4228** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4229** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4230**
4231** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4232** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4233** the content of the database file.
4234**
4235** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4236** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4237** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4238** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4239** change the database file through side-effects:
4240**
4241** <blockquote><pre>
4242**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4243** </pre></blockquote>
4244**
4245** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4246** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4247**
4248** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4249** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4250** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4251** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4252** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4253** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4254** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4255** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4256** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4257** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4258** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4259** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4260**
4261** ^This routine returns false if there is any possibility that the
4262** statement might change the database file.  ^A false return does
4263** not guarantee that the statement will change the database file.
4264** ^For example, an UPDATE statement might have a WHERE clause that
4265** makes it a no-op, but the sqlite3_stmt_readonly() result would still
4266** be false.  ^Similarly, a CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS statement is a
4267** read-only no-op if the table already exists, but
4268** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() still returns false for such a statement.
4269*/
4270int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4271
4272/*
4273** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4274** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4275**
4276** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4277** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4278** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4279** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4280** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4281*/
4282int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4283
4284/*
4285** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4286** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4287**
4288** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4289** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4290** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4291** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4292** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4293** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4294** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4295** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4296**
4297** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4298** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4299** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4300** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4301** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4302*/
4303int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4304
4305/*
4306** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4307** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4308**
4309** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4310** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4311** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4312** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4313**
4314** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4315** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4316** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4317** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4318** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4319** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4320** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4321**
4322** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4323** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4324** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4325** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4326** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4327** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4328** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4329** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4330** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4331** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4332** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4333** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4334**
4335** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4336** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4337** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4338** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4339** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4340** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4341** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4342** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4343** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4344*/
4345typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4346
4347/*
4348** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4349**
4350** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4351** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4352** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4353** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4354** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4355** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4356** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4357** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4358*/
4359typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4360
4361/*
4362** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4363** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4364** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4365** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4366**
4367** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4368** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4369** templates:
4370**
4371** <ul>
4372** <li>  ?
4373** <li>  ?NNN
4374** <li>  :VVV
4375** <li>  @VVV
4376** <li>  $VVV
4377** </ul>
4378**
4379** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4380** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4381** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4382** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4383**
4384** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4385** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4386** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4387**
4388** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4389** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4390** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4391** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4392** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4393** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4394** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4395** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4396** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4397**
4398** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4399** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4400** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4401** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4402** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4403** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4404** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4405** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4406** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4407** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4408** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4409** otherwise.
4410**
4411** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4412** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4413** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4414** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4415** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4416** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4417** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4418** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4419** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4420**
4421** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4422** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4423** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4424** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4425** is negative, then the length of the string is
4426** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4427** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4428** the behavior is undefined.
4429** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4430** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4431** that parameter must be the byte offset
4432** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4433** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
4434** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4435** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4436** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4437**
4438** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
4439** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
4440** These three options exist:
4441** ^ (1) A destructor to dispose of the BLOB or string after SQLite has finished
4442** with it may be passed. ^It is called to dispose of the BLOB or string even
4443** if the call to the bind API fails, except the destructor is not called if
4444** the third parameter is a NULL pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4445** ^ (2) The special constant, [SQLITE_STATIC], may be passsed to indicate that
4446** the application remains responsible for disposing of the object. ^In this
4447** case, the object and the provided pointer to it must remain valid until
4448** either the prepared statement is finalized or the same SQL parameter is
4449** bound to something else, whichever occurs sooner.
4450** ^ (3) The constant, [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], may be passed to indicate that the
4451** object is to be copied prior to the return from sqlite3_bind_*(). ^The
4452** object and pointer to it must remain valid until then. ^SQLite will then
4453** manage the lifetime of its private copy.
4454**
4455** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4456** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4457** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4458** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4459** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4460** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4461** is undefined.
4462**
4463** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4464** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4465** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4466** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4467** content is later written using
4468** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4469** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4470**
4471** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4472** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4473** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4474** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4475** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4476** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4477** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4478** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4479**
4480** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4481** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4482** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4483** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4484** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4485** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4486**
4487** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4488** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4489**
4490** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4491** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4492** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4493** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4494** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4495** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4496** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4497**
4498** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4499** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4500*/
4501int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4502int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4503                        void(*)(void*));
4504int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4505int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4506int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4507int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4508int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4509int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4510int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4511                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4512int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4513int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4514int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4515int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4516
4517/*
4518** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4519** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4520**
4521** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4522** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4523** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4524** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4525** to the parameters at a later time.
4526**
4527** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4528** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4529** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4530** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4531**
4532** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4533** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4534** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4535*/
4536int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4537
4538/*
4539** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4540** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4541**
4542** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4543** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4544** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4545** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4546** respectively.
4547** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4548** is included as part of the name.)^
4549** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4550** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4551**
4552** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4553**
4554** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4555** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4556** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4557** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4558** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4559**
4560** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4561** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4562** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4563*/
4564const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4565
4566/*
4567** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4568** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4569**
4570** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4571** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4572** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4573** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4574** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4575** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4576** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4577**
4578** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4579** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4580** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4581*/
4582int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4583
4584/*
4585** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4586** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4587**
4588** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4589** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4590** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4591*/
4592int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4593
4594/*
4595** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4596** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4597**
4598** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4599** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4600** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4601** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4602** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4603** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4604** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4605**
4606** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4607*/
4608int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4609
4610/*
4611** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4612** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4613**
4614** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4615** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4616** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4617** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4618** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4619** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4620** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4621**
4622** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4623** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4624** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4625** or until the next call to
4626** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4627**
4628** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4629** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4630** NULL pointer is returned.
4631**
4632** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4633** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4634** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4635** one release of SQLite to the next.
4636*/
4637const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4638const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4639
4640/*
4641** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4642** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4643**
4644** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4645** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4646** [SELECT] statement.
4647** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4648** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4649** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4650** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4651** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4652** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4653** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4654** or until the same information is requested
4655** again in a different encoding.
4656**
4657** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4658** database, table, and column.
4659**
4660** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4661** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4662** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4663** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4664**
4665** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4666** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4667** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4668** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4669** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4670**
4671** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4672** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4673**
4674** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4675** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4676**
4677** If two or more threads call one or more
4678** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4679** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4680** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4681*/
4682const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4683const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4684const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4685const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4686const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4687const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4688
4689/*
4690** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4691** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4692**
4693** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4694** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4695** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4696** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4697** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4698** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4699** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4700**
4701** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4702**
4703** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4704**
4705** and the following statement to be compiled:
4706**
4707** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4708**
4709** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4710** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4711**
4712** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4713** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4714** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4715** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4716** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4717** used to hold those values.
4718*/
4719const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4720const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4721
4722/*
4723** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4724** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4725**
4726** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4727** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4728** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4729** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4730** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4731**
4732** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4733** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4734** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4735** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4736** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4737** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4738** interface will continue to be supported.
4739**
4740** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4741** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4742** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4743** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4744**
4745** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4746** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4747** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4748** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4749** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4750** continuing.
4751**
4752** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4753** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4754** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4755** machine back to its initial state.
4756**
4757** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4758** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4759** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4760** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4761**
4762** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4763** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4764** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4765** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4766** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4767** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4768** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4769** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4770**
4771** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4772** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4773** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4774** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4775** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4776** more threads at the same moment in time.
4777**
4778** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4779** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4780** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4781** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4782** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4783** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4784** sqlite3_step() began
4785** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4786** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4787** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4788** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4789** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4790**
4791** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4792** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4793** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4794** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4795** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4796** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4797** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4798** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4799** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4800** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4801** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4802** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4803*/
4804int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4805
4806/*
4807** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4808** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4809**
4810** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4811** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4812** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4813** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4814** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4815** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4816** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4817** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4818** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4819** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4820** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4821** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4822**
4823** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4824*/
4825int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4826
4827/*
4828** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4829** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4830**
4831** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4832**
4833** <ul>
4834** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4835** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4836** <li> string
4837** <li> BLOB
4838** <li> NULL
4839** </ul>)^
4840**
4841** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4842**
4843** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4844** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4845** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4846** SQLITE_TEXT.
4847*/
4848#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4849#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4850#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4851#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4852#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4853# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4854#else
4855# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4856#endif
4857#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4858
4859/*
4860** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4861** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4862** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4863**
4864** <b>Summary:</b>
4865** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4866** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4867** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4868** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4869** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4870** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4871** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4872** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4873** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4874** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4875** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4876** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4877** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4878** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4879** TEXT in bytes
4880** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4881** datatype of the result
4882** </table></blockquote>
4883**
4884** <b>Details:</b>
4885**
4886** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4887** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4888** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4889** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4890** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4891** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4892** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4893** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4894**
4895** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4896** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4897** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4898** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4899** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4900** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4901** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4902** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4903** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4904** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4905** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4906**
4907** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4908** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4909** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4910** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4911** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4912**
4913** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4914** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4915** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4916** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4917** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4918** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4919** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4920** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4921** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4922** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4923** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4924** following a type conversion.
4925**
4926** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4927** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4928** of that BLOB or string.
4929**
4930** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4931** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4932** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4933** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4934** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4935** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4936** the number of bytes in that string.
4937** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4938**
4939** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4940** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4941** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4942** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4943** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4944** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4945** the number of bytes in that string.
4946** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4947**
4948** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4949** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4950** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4951** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4952** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4953**
4954** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4955** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4956** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4957**
4958** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4959** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4960** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4961** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4962** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4963** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4964** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4965** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4966** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4967** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4968** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4969** top-level application code.
4970**
4971** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4972** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4973** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4974** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4975** that are applied:
4976**
4977** <blockquote>
4978** <table border="1">
4979** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4980**
4981** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4982** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4983** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4984** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4985** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4986** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4987** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4988** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4989** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4990** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4991** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4992** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4993** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4994** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4995** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4996** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4997** </table>
4998** </blockquote>)^
4999**
5000** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
5001** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
5002** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
5003** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
5004** in the following cases:
5005**
5006** <ul>
5007** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
5008**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
5009**      need to be added to the string.</li>
5010** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
5011**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
5012**      to UTF-16.</li>
5013** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5014**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
5015**      to UTF-8.</li>
5016** </ul>
5017**
5018** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
5019** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
5020** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
5021** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
5022** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
5023**
5024** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
5025** in one of the following ways:
5026**
5027** <ul>
5028**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5029**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5030**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
5031** </ul>
5032**
5033** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
5034** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
5035** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5036** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
5037** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
5038** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
5039** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
5040**
5041** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
5042** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
5043** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
5044** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
5045** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
5046** [sqlite3_free()].
5047**
5048** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
5049** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5050** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5051** errors:
5052**
5053** <ul>
5054** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
5055** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
5056** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
5057** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
5058** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
5059** </ul>
5060**
5061** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5062** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5063** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5064** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5065** return value is obtained and before any
5066** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5067*/
5068const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5069double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5070int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5071sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5072const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5073const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5074sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5075int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5076int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5077int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5078
5079/*
5080** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
5081** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
5082**
5083** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
5084** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
5085** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
5086** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
5087** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
5088** [extended error code].
5089**
5090** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
5091** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
5092** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
5093** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
5094** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
5095** completed execution.
5096**
5097** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5098**
5099** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5100** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5101** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5102** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5103** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5104*/
5105int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5106
5107/*
5108** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5109** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5110**
5111** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5112** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5113** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5114** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5115** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5116**
5117** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5118** back to the beginning of its program.
5119**
5120** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5121** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
5122** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
5123** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
5124**
5125** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5126** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5127** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5128**
5129** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5130** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5131*/
5132int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5133
5134/*
5135** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5136** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5137** METHOD: sqlite3
5138**
5139** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5140** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5141** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5142** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5143** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5144** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5145** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5146** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5147** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5148**
5149** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5150** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5151** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5152** to each database connection separately.
5153**
5154** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5155** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5156** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5157** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5158** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5159** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5160**
5161** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5162** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5163** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5164** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5165** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5166** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5167** undefined.
5168**
5169** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5170** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5171** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5172** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5173** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5174** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5175** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5176** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5177** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5178** each encoding.
5179** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5180** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5181**
5182** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5183** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5184** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5185** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5186** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5187** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5188** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5189**
5190** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5191** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5192** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5193** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5194**
5195** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5196** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5197** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5198** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
5199** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5200** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5201** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5202** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5203** the database file is opened and read.
5204**
5205** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5206** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5207**
5208** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5209** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5210** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5211** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5212** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5213** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5214** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5215** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5216** callbacks.
5217**
5218** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5219** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5220** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5221** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5222** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5223** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5224** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5225** of aggregate window functions are
5226** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5227**
5228** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5229** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
5230** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5231** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5232** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5233** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5234** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5235** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5236**
5237** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5238** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5239** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5240** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5241** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5242** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5243** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5244** matches the database encoding is a better
5245** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5246** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5247** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5248** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5249**
5250** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5251**
5252** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5253** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5254** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5255** statement in which the function is running.
5256*/
5257int sqlite3_create_function(
5258  sqlite3 *db,
5259  const char *zFunctionName,
5260  int nArg,
5261  int eTextRep,
5262  void *pApp,
5263  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5264  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5265  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5266);
5267int sqlite3_create_function16(
5268  sqlite3 *db,
5269  const void *zFunctionName,
5270  int nArg,
5271  int eTextRep,
5272  void *pApp,
5273  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5274  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5275  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5276);
5277int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5278  sqlite3 *db,
5279  const char *zFunctionName,
5280  int nArg,
5281  int eTextRep,
5282  void *pApp,
5283  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5284  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5285  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5286  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5287);
5288int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5289  sqlite3 *db,
5290  const char *zFunctionName,
5291  int nArg,
5292  int eTextRep,
5293  void *pApp,
5294  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5295  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5296  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5297  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5298  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5299);
5300
5301/*
5302** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5303**
5304** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5305** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5306*/
5307#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5308#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5309#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5310#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5311#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5312#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5313
5314/*
5315** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5316**
5317** These constants may be ORed together with the
5318** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5319** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5320** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5321**
5322** <dl>
5323** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5324** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5325** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5326** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5327** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5328** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5329** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5330** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5331** out of inner loops.
5332** </dd>
5333**
5334** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5335** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5336** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5337** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5338** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5339** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
5340** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
5341** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
5342** information.
5343** </dd>
5344**
5345** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5346** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5347** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5348** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5349** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5350** innocuous function.
5351** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5352** side effects.
5353** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5354** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5355** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5356** <p>Some heightened security settings
5357** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5358** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5359** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5360** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5361** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5362** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5363** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5364** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5365** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5366** </dd>
5367**
5368** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5369** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5370** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5371** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5372** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5373** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5374** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5375** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5376** </dd>
5377** </dl>
5378*/
5379#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5380#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5381#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5382#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5383
5384/*
5385** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5386** DEPRECATED
5387**
5388** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5389** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5390** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5391** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5392** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5393*/
5394#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5395SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5396SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5397SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5398SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5399SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5400SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5401                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5402#endif
5403
5404/*
5405** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5406** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5407**
5408** <b>Summary:</b>
5409** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5410** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5411** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5412** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5413** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5414** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5415** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5416** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5417** the native byteorder
5418** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5419** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5420** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5421** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5422** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5423** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5424** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5425** TEXT in bytes
5426** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5427** datatype of the value
5428** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5429** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5430** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5431** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5432** against a virtual table.
5433** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5434** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5435** </table></blockquote>
5436**
5437** <b>Details:</b>
5438**
5439** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5440** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5441** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5442** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5443**
5444** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5445** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5446** is not threadsafe.
5447**
5448** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5449** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5450** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5451**
5452** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5453** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5454** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5455** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5456**
5457** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5458** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5459** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5460** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5461** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5462** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5463**
5464** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5465** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5466** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5467** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5468** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5469** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5470** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5471** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5472** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5473** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5474**
5475** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5476** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5477** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5478** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5479** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5480** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5481** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5482**
5483** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5484** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5485** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5486** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5487** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5488** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5489** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5490** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5491** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5492** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5493** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5494** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5495**
5496** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5497** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5498** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5499** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5500**
5501** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5502** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5503** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5504** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5505** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5506**
5507** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5508** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5509**
5510** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5511** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5512** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5513** errors:
5514**
5515** <ul>
5516** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5517** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5518** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5519** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5520** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5521** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5522** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5523** </ul>
5524**
5525** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5526** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5527** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5528** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5529** return value is obtained and before any
5530** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5531*/
5532const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5533double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5534int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5535sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5536void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5537const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5538const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5539const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5540const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5541int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5542int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5543int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5544int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5545int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5546int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5547
5548/*
5549** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5550** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5551**
5552** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5553** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5554** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5555** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5556** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5557*/
5558unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5559
5560/*
5561** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5562** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5563**
5564** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5565** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5566** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5567** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5568** memory allocation fails.
5569**
5570** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5571** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5572** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5573*/
5574sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5575void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5576
5577/*
5578** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5579** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5580**
5581** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5582** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5583**
5584** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5585** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5586** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5587** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5588** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5589** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5590** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5591** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5592** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5593** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5594** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5595** first time from within xFinal().)^
5596**
5597** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5598** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5599** allocate error occurs.
5600**
5601** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5602** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5603** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5604** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5605** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5606** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5607** pointless memory allocations occur.
5608**
5609** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5610** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5611**
5612** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5613** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5614** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5615** function.
5616**
5617** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5618** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5619*/
5620void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5621
5622/*
5623** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5624** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5625**
5626** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5627** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5628** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5629** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5630** registered the application defined function.
5631**
5632** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5633** the application-defined function is running.
5634*/
5635void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5636
5637/*
5638** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5639** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5640**
5641** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5642** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5643** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5644** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5645** registered the application defined function.
5646*/
5647sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5648
5649/*
5650** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5651** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5652**
5653** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5654** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5655** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5656** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5657** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5658** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5659** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5660** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5661** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5662** invocations of the same function.
5663**
5664** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5665** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5666** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5667** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5668** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5669** returns a NULL pointer.
5670**
5671** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5672** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5673** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5674** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5675** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5676** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5677** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5678** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5679** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5680** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5681** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5682**      SQL statement)^, or
5683** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5684**       parameter)^, or
5685** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5686**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5687**
5688** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5689** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5690** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5691** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5692** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5693** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5694**
5695** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5696** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5697** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5698**
5699** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5700** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5701** kinds of function caching behavior.
5702**
5703** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5704** the SQL function is running.
5705*/
5706void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5707void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5708
5709
5710/*
5711** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5712**
5713** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5714** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5715** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5716** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5717** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5718** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5719** the content before returning.
5720**
5721** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5722** C++ compilers.
5723*/
5724typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5725#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5726#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5727
5728/*
5729** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5730** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5731**
5732** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5733** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5734** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5735** for additional information.
5736**
5737** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5738** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5739** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5740**
5741** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5742** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5743** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5744** third parameter.
5745**
5746** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5747** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5748** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5749**
5750** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5751** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5752** by its 2nd argument.
5753**
5754** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5755** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5756** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5757** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5758** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5759** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5760** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
5761** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
5762** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5763** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5764** message all text up through the first zero character.
5765** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5766** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5767** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5768** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5769** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5770** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5771** modify the text after they return without harm.
5772** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5773** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5774** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5775** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5776**
5777** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5778** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5779**
5780** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5781** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5782**
5783** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5784** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5785** value given in the 2nd argument.
5786** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5787** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5788** value given in the 2nd argument.
5789**
5790** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5791** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5792**
5793** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5794** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5795** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5796** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5797** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5798** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5799** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5800** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5801** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5802** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5803** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5804** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5805** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5806** through the first zero character.
5807** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5808** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5809** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5810** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5811** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5812** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5813** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5814** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5815** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5816** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5817** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5818** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5819** finished using that result.
5820** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5821** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5822** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5823** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5824** when it has finished using that result.
5825** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5826** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5827** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5828** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5829**
5830** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5831** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
5832** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
5833** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
5834** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
5835** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
5836** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
5837** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
5838** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
5839** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
5840** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
5841** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
5842**
5843** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
5844** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5845** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
5846** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
5847** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
5848**
5849** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5850** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5851** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5852** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5853** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5854** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5855** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5856** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5857** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5858**
5859** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5860** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5861** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5862** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5863** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5864** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5865** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5866** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5867** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5868** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5869**
5870** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5871** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5872** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5873*/
5874void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5875void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5876                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5877void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5878void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5879void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5880void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5881void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5882void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5883void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5884void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5885void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5886void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5887void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5888                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5889void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5890void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5891void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5892void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5893void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5894void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5895int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5896
5897
5898/*
5899** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5900** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5901**
5902** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5903** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5904** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5905** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5906** higher order bits are discarded.
5907** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5908** in future releases of SQLite.
5909*/
5910void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5911
5912/*
5913** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5914** METHOD: sqlite3
5915**
5916** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5917** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5918**
5919** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5920** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5921** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5922** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5923** considered to be the same name.
5924**
5925** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5926** <ul>
5927** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5928** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5929** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5930** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5931** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5932** </ul>)^
5933** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5934** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
5935** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5936** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5937** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5938** on an even byte address.
5939**
5940** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5941** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5942**
5943** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
5944** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5945** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5946** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5947** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
5948** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5949** that collation is no longer usable.
5950**
5951** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5952** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5953** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
5954** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
5955** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5956** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5957** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5958** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5959** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5960** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5961** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5962** strings A, B, and C:
5963**
5964** <ol>
5965** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5966** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5967** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5968** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5969** </ol>
5970**
5971** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5972** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5973** is undefined.
5974**
5975** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5976** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5977** the collating function is deleted.
5978** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5979** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5980** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5981**
5982** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5983** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5984** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5985** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5986** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5987** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5988** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5989** compatibility.
5990**
5991** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5992*/
5993int sqlite3_create_collation(
5994  sqlite3*,
5995  const char *zName,
5996  int eTextRep,
5997  void *pArg,
5998  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5999);
6000int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
6001  sqlite3*,
6002  const char *zName,
6003  int eTextRep,
6004  void *pArg,
6005  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
6006  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
6007);
6008int sqlite3_create_collation16(
6009  sqlite3*,
6010  const void *zName,
6011  int eTextRep,
6012  void *pArg,
6013  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6014);
6015
6016/*
6017** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
6018** METHOD: sqlite3
6019**
6020** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
6021** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
6022** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
6023** sequence is required.
6024**
6025** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
6026** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
6027** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
6028** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
6029** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
6030**
6031** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
6032** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
6033** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
6034** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6035** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
6036** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
6037** required collation sequence.)^
6038**
6039** The callback function should register the desired collation using
6040** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
6041** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
6042*/
6043int sqlite3_collation_needed(
6044  sqlite3*,
6045  void*,
6046  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
6047);
6048int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
6049  sqlite3*,
6050  void*,
6051  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
6052);
6053
6054#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
6055/*
6056** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
6057** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
6058*/
6059void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
6060  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
6061);
6062#endif
6063
6064/*
6065** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
6066**
6067** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
6068** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
6069**
6070** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
6071** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
6072** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
6073** requested from the operating system is returned.
6074**
6075** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
6076** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
6077** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
6078** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
6079** in the previous paragraphs.
6080*/
6081int sqlite3_sleep(int);
6082
6083/*
6084** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
6085**
6086** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6087** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
6088** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
6089** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
6090** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
6091** temporary file directory.
6092**
6093** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
6094** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6095** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6096** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6097** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6098** be avoided in new projects.
6099**
6100** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6101** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6102** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6103** thread.
6104** It is intended that this variable be set once
6105** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6106** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6107** thereafter.
6108**
6109** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6110** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6111** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6112** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6113** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6114** using [sqlite3_free].
6115** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6116** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6117** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6118** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6119** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6120** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6121** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6122** objects have been destroyed.
6123**
6124** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6125** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6126** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6127** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6128**
6129** <blockquote><pre>
6130** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6131** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6132** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6133** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6134** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6135** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6136** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6137** </pre></blockquote>
6138*/
6139SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6140
6141/*
6142** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6143**
6144** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6145** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6146** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6147** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6148** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6149** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6150** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6151** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6152** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6153**
6154** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6155** open can result in a corrupt database.
6156**
6157** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6158** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6159** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6160** thread.
6161** It is intended that this variable be set once
6162** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6163** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6164** thereafter.
6165**
6166** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6167** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6168** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6169** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6170** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6171** using [sqlite3_free].
6172** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6173** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6174** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6175*/
6176SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6177
6178/*
6179** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6180**
6181** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6182** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6183** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6184** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6185** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6186** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6187** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6188** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6189** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6190** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6191** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6192** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6193** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6194** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6195** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6196*/
6197int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6198  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6199  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6200);
6201int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6202int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6203
6204/*
6205** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6206**
6207** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6208** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6209*/
6210#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6211#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6212
6213/*
6214** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6215** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6216** METHOD: sqlite3
6217**
6218** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6219** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6220** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6221** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6222** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6223**
6224** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6225** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6226** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6227** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6228** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6229** an error is to use this function.
6230**
6231** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6232** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6233** is undefined.
6234*/
6235int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6236
6237/*
6238** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6239** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6240**
6241** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6242** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6243** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6244** that was the first argument
6245** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6246** create the statement in the first place.
6247*/
6248sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6249
6250/*
6251** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6252** METHOD: sqlite3
6253**
6254** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6255** associated with database N of connection D.
6256** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6257** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6258** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6259**
6260** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6261** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6262** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6263**
6264** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6265** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6266** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6267** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6268**
6269** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6270** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6271** <ul>
6272** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6273** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6274** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6275** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6276** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6277** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6278** </ul>
6279*/
6280const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6281
6282/*
6283** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6284** METHOD: sqlite3
6285**
6286** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6287** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6288** the name of a database on connection D.
6289*/
6290int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6291
6292/*
6293** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6294** METHOD: sqlite3
6295**
6296** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6297** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6298** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6299** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6300** <ol>
6301** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6302** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6303** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6304** </ol>
6305** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6306** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6307*/
6308int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6309
6310/*
6311** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
6312** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6313**
6314** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6315** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6316** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6317** in [database connection] D.
6318**
6319** <dl>
6320** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6321** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6322** pending.</dd>
6323**
6324** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6325** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6326** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6327** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6328** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6329** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6330** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6331** [COMMIT].</dd>
6332**
6333** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6334** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6335** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6336** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6337** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6338*/
6339#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6340#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6341#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6342
6343/*
6344** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6345** METHOD: sqlite3
6346**
6347** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6348** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6349** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6350** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6351** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6352**
6353** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6354** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6355** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6356*/
6357sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6358
6359/*
6360** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6361** METHOD: sqlite3
6362**
6363** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6364** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6365** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6366** for the same database connection is overridden.
6367** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6368** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6369** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6370** for the same database connection is overridden.
6371** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6372** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6373** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6374**
6375** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6376** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6377** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6378** the first call for each function on D.
6379**
6380** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6381** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6382** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6383** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6384** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6385** or rollback hook in the first place.
6386** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6387** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6388** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6389**
6390** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6391**
6392** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6393** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6394** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6395** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6396** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6397**
6398** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6399** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6400** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6401** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6402** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6403**
6404** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6405*/
6406void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6407void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6408
6409/*
6410** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6411** METHOD: sqlite3
6412**
6413** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6414** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6415** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6416** a [rowid table].
6417** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6418** for the same database connection is overridden.
6419**
6420** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6421** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6422** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6423** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6424** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6425** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6426** to be invoked.
6427** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6428** database and table name containing the affected row.
6429** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6430** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6431**
6432** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6433** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
6434** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6435**
6436** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6437** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6438** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6439** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6440** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6441** release of SQLite.
6442**
6443** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6444** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6445** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6446** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6447** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6448** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6449**
6450** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6451** returns the P argument from the previous call
6452** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6453** the first call on D.
6454**
6455** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6456** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6457*/
6458void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6459  sqlite3*,
6460  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6461  void*
6462);
6463
6464/*
6465** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6466**
6467** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6468** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6469** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6470** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6471**
6472** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6473** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6474** In prior versions of SQLite,
6475** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6476**
6477** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6478** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6479** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6480** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6481**
6482** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6483** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6484**
6485** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6486** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6487** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6488** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6489** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6490** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6491** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6492**
6493** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6494** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6495** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6496** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6497**
6498** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6499** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6500**
6501** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6502*/
6503int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6504
6505/*
6506** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6507**
6508** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6509** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6510** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6511** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6512** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6513** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6514** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6515** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6516**
6517** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6518*/
6519int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6520
6521/*
6522** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6523** METHOD: sqlite3
6524**
6525** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6526** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6527** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6528** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6529** omitted.
6530**
6531** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6532*/
6533int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6534
6535/*
6536** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6537**
6538** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6539** by all database connections within a single process.
6540**
6541** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6542** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6543** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6544** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6545** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6546** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6547** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6548** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6549** is advisory only.
6550**
6551** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6552** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6553** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6554** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6555** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6556**
6557** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6558** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6559** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6560** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6561** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6562** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6563** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6564**
6565** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6566**
6567** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6568** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6569** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6570** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6571** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6572** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6573** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6574** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6575** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6576** hard heap limit.
6577**
6578** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6579** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6580**
6581** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6582** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6583**
6584** <ul>
6585** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6586** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6587**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6588**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6589** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6590**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6591** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6592**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6593**      from the heap.
6594** </ul>)^
6595**
6596** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6597** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6598*/
6599sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6600sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6601
6602/*
6603** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6604** DEPRECATED
6605**
6606** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6607** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6608** only.  All new applications should use the
6609** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6610*/
6611SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6612
6613
6614/*
6615** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6616** METHOD: sqlite3
6617**
6618** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6619** information about column C of table T in database D
6620** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6621** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6622** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6623** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6624** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6625** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6626** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6627** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6628** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6629** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6630** undefined behavior.
6631**
6632** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6633** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6634** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6635** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6636** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6637** resolve unqualified table references.
6638**
6639** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6640** name of the desired column, respectively.
6641**
6642** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6643** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6644** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6645**
6646** ^(<blockquote>
6647** <table border="1">
6648** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6649**
6650** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6651** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6652** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6653** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6654** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6655** </table>
6656** </blockquote>)^
6657**
6658** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6659** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6660** call to any SQLite API function.
6661**
6662** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6663**
6664** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6665** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6666** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6667** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6668** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6669** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6670**
6671** <pre>
6672**     data type: "INTEGER"
6673**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6674**     not null: 0
6675**     primary key: 1
6676**     auto increment: 0
6677** </pre>)^
6678**
6679** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6680** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6681** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6682*/
6683int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6684  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6685  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6686  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6687  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6688  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6689  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6690  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6691  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6692  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6693);
6694
6695/*
6696** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6697** METHOD: sqlite3
6698**
6699** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6700**
6701** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6702** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6703** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6704** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6705** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6706** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6707** be tried also.
6708**
6709** ^The entry point is zProc.
6710** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6711** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6712** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6713** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6714** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6715** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6716** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6717** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6718** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6719** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6720** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6721** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6722** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6723**
6724** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6725** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6726** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6727** prior to calling this API,
6728** otherwise an error will be returned.
6729**
6730** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6731** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6732** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6733** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6734** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6735** access to extension loading capabilities.
6736**
6737** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6738*/
6739int sqlite3_load_extension(
6740  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6741  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6742  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6743  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6744);
6745
6746/*
6747** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6748** METHOD: sqlite3
6749**
6750** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6751** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6752** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6753** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6754**
6755** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6756** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6757** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6758** it back off again.
6759**
6760** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6761** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6762** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6763** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6764**
6765** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6766** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6767** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6768** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6769** access to extension loading capabilities.
6770*/
6771int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6772
6773/*
6774** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6775**
6776** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6777** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6778** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6779** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6780**
6781** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6782** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6783** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6784** entry point where as follows:
6785**
6786** <blockquote><pre>
6787** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6788** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6789** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6790** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6791** &nbsp;  );
6792** </pre></blockquote>)^
6793**
6794** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6795** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6796** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6797** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6798** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6799** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6800** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6801**
6802** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6803** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6804** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6805**
6806** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6807** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6808*/
6809int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6810
6811/*
6812** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6813**
6814** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6815** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6816** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6817** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6818** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6819** routines.
6820*/
6821int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6822
6823/*
6824** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6825**
6826** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6827** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6828*/
6829void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6830
6831/*
6832** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6833** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6834** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6835**
6836** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6837** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6838*/
6839
6840/*
6841** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6842*/
6843typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6844typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6845typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6846typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6847
6848/*
6849** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6850** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6851**
6852** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6853** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
6854** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6855**
6856** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6857** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6858** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6859** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6860** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6861** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6862** any database connection.
6863*/
6864struct sqlite3_module {
6865  int iVersion;
6866  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6867               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6868               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6869  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6870               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6871               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6872  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6873  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6874  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6875  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6876  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6877  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6878                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6879  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6880  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6881  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6882  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6883  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6884  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6885  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6886  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6887  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6888  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6889                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6890                       void **ppArg);
6891  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6892  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6893  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6894  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6895  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6896  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6897  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6898  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6899  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6900};
6901
6902/*
6903** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6904** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6905**
6906** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6907** of the [virtual table] interface to
6908** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6909** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6910** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6911** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6912**
6913** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6914**
6915** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6916**
6917** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6918** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6919** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6920** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6921** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6922** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6923** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6924**
6925** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6926** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6927** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6928** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6929** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6930**
6931** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6932** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6933**
6934** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6935** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6936** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6937** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6938** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6939** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6940** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6941** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6942** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6943** non-zero.
6944**
6945** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6946** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6947** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6948** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6949** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6950** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
6951** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
6952** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
6953** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
6954** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
6955** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
6956** not be checked again using byte code.)^
6957**
6958** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6959** [xFilter] method.
6960** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6961** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6962**
6963** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6964** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6965** sorting step is required.
6966**
6967** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6968** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6969** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6970** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6971** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6972**
6973** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6974** will be returned by the strategy.
6975**
6976** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6977** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6978** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6979** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6980**
6981** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6982** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6983** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6984** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6985** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6986** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6987** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6988** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6989** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6990**
6991** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6992** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6993** If a virtual table extension is
6994** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6995** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6996** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6997** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6998** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6999** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
7000** It may therefore only be used if
7001** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
7002** 3009000.
7003*/
7004struct sqlite3_index_info {
7005  /* Inputs */
7006  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
7007  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
7008     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
7009     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
7010     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
7011     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
7012  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
7013  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
7014  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
7015     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
7016     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
7017  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
7018  /* Outputs */
7019  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
7020    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
7021    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
7022  } *aConstraintUsage;
7023  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
7024  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
7025  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
7026  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
7027  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
7028  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
7029  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
7030  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
7031  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
7032  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
7033  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
7034};
7035
7036/*
7037** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
7038**
7039** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
7040** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
7041** these bits.
7042*/
7043#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
7044
7045/*
7046** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
7047**
7048** These macros define the allowed values for the
7049** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
7050** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
7051** a query that uses a [virtual table].
7052*/
7053#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
7054#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
7055#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
7056#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
7057#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
7058#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
7059#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
7060#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
7061#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
7062#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
7063#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
7064#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
7065#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
7066#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
7067#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
7068
7069/*
7070** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
7071** METHOD: sqlite3
7072**
7073** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
7074** ^Module names must be registered before
7075** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
7076** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
7077**
7078** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
7079** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
7080** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
7081** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
7082** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
7083** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
7084** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
7085**
7086** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
7087** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
7088** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
7089** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
7090** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
7091** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
7092** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
7093** destructor.
7094**
7095** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7096** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
7097** same name are dropped.
7098**
7099** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7100*/
7101int sqlite3_create_module(
7102  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7103  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7104  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7105  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7106);
7107int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7108  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7109  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7110  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7111  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7112  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7113);
7114
7115/*
7116** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7117** METHOD: sqlite3
7118**
7119** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7120** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7121** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7122** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7123** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7124**
7125** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7126*/
7127int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7128  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7129  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7130);
7131
7132/*
7133** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7134** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7135**
7136** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7137** of this object to describe a particular instance
7138** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7139** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7140** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7141** common to all module implementations.
7142**
7143** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7144** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7145** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7146** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7147** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7148** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7149*/
7150struct sqlite3_vtab {
7151  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7152  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7153  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7154  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7155};
7156
7157/*
7158** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7159** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7160**
7161** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7162** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7163** [virtual table] and are used
7164** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7165** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7166** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7167** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7168** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7169** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7170**
7171** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7172** are common to all implementations.
7173*/
7174struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7175  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7176  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7177};
7178
7179/*
7180** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7181**
7182** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7183** [virtual table module] call this interface
7184** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7185** the virtual tables they implement.
7186*/
7187int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7188
7189/*
7190** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7191** METHOD: sqlite3
7192**
7193** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7194** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7195** But global versions of those functions
7196** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7197**
7198** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7199** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7200** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7201** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7202** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7203** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7204** by a [virtual table].
7205*/
7206int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7207
7208/*
7209** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
7210** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
7211** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
7212** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
7213**
7214** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
7215** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
7216*/
7217
7218/*
7219** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7220** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7221**
7222** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7223** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7224** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7225** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7226** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7227** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7228** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7229*/
7230typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7231
7232/*
7233** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7234** METHOD: sqlite3
7235** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7236**
7237** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7238** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7239** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7240**
7241** <pre>
7242**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7243** </pre>)^
7244**
7245** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7246** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7247** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7248** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7249** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7250**
7251** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7252** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7253** read-only access.
7254**
7255** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7256** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7257** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7258** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7259** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
7260**
7261** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7262** <ul>
7263**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7264**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7265**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7266**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7267**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7268**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7269**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7270**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7271**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7272**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7273**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7274**         being opened for read/write access)^.
7275** </ul>
7276**
7277** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7278** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7279** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7280**
7281** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7282** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7283** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7284** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7285** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7286** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7287**
7288** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7289** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7290** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7291** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7292** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7293** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7294** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7295** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7296** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7297** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7298**
7299** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7300** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7301** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7302** blob.
7303**
7304** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7305** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7306** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7307**
7308** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7309** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7310**
7311** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7312** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7313** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7314*/
7315int sqlite3_blob_open(
7316  sqlite3*,
7317  const char *zDb,
7318  const char *zTable,
7319  const char *zColumn,
7320  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
7321  int flags,
7322  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
7323);
7324
7325/*
7326** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
7327** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7328**
7329** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
7330** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
7331** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
7332** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
7333** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
7334** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
7335**
7336** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
7337** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
7338** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
7339** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
7340** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
7341** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
7342** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
7343** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
7344** always returns zero.
7345**
7346** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
7347*/
7348int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
7349
7350/*
7351** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
7352** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7353**
7354** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7355** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7356** handle is still closed.)^
7357**
7358** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7359** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7360** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7361** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7362** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7363**
7364** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7365** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7366** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7367** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7368** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7369** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7370*/
7371int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7372
7373/*
7374** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7375** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7376**
7377** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7378** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7379** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7380** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7381**
7382** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7383** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7384** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7385** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7386*/
7387int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7388
7389/*
7390** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7391** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7392**
7393** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7394** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7395** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7396**
7397** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7398** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7399** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7400** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7401** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7402**
7403** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7404** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7405**
7406** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7407** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7408**
7409** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7410** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7411** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7412** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7413**
7414** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7415*/
7416int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7417
7418/*
7419** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7420** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7421**
7422** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7423** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7424** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7425**
7426** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7427** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7428** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7429** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7430** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7431**
7432** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7433** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7434** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7435**
7436** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7437** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7438** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7439** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7440** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7441** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7442** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7443**
7444** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7445** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7446** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7447** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7448** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7449** or by other independent statements.
7450**
7451** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7452** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7453** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7454** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7455**
7456** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7457*/
7458int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7459
7460/*
7461** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7462**
7463** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7464** that SQLite uses to interact
7465** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7466** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7467** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7468** The following interfaces are provided.
7469**
7470** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7471** ^Names are case sensitive.
7472** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7473** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7474** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7475**
7476** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7477** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7478** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7479** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7480** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7481** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7482** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7483** then the behavior is undefined.
7484**
7485** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7486** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7487** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7488*/
7489sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7490int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7491int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7492
7493/*
7494** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7495**
7496** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7497** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7498** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7499** permitted to use any of these routines.
7500**
7501** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7502** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7503** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7504** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7505**
7506** <ul>
7507** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7508** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7509** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7510** </ul>
7511**
7512** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7513** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7514** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7515** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7516** and Windows.
7517**
7518** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7519** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7520** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7521** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7522** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7523** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7524** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7525**
7526** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7527** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7528** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7529** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7530** integer constants:
7531**
7532** <ul>
7533** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7534** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7535** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
7536** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7537** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7538** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7539** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7540** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7541** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7542** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7543** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7544** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7545** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7546** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7547** </ul>
7548**
7549** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7550** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7551** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7552** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7553** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7554** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7555** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7556** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7557** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7558** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7559**
7560** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7561** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7562** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7563** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7564** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7565** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7566** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7567** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7568**
7569** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7570** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7571** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7572** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7573** the same type number.
7574**
7575** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7576** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7577** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7578**
7579** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7580** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7581** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7582** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7583** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7584** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7585** In such cases, the
7586** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7587** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7588** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7589**
7590** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7591** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7592** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7593** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7594** behavior.)^
7595**
7596** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7597** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7598** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7599** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7600**
7601** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7602** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7603** behave as no-ops.
7604**
7605** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7606*/
7607sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7608void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7609void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7610int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7611void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7612
7613/*
7614** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7615**
7616** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7617** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7618**
7619** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7620** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7621** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7622** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7623** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7624** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7625** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7626** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7627** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7628**
7629** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7630** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7631** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7632** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7633**
7634** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7635** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7636** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7637** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7638** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7639** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7640**
7641** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7642** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7643** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7644**
7645** <ul>
7646**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7647**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7648**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7649**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7650**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7651**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7652**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7653** </ul>)^
7654**
7655** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7656** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7657** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7658** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7659** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7660** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7661** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7662**
7663** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7664** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7665** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7666** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7667**
7668** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7669** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7670** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7671** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7672**
7673** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7674** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7675** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7676** prior to returning.
7677*/
7678typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7679struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7680  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7681  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7682  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7683  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7684  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7685  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7686  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7687  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7688  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7689};
7690
7691/*
7692** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7693**
7694** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7695** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7696** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7697** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7698** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7699** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7700** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7701** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7702**
7703** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7704** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7705**
7706** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7707** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7708** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7709** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7710**
7711** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7712** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7713** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7714** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7715** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7716** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7717** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7718** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7719*/
7720#ifndef NDEBUG
7721int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7722int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7723#endif
7724
7725/*
7726** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7727**
7728** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7729** which is one of these integer constants.
7730**
7731** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7732** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7733** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7734*/
7735#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7736#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7737#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
7738#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7739#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7740#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7741#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7742#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7743#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7744#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7745#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7746#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7747#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7748#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7749#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7750#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7751
7752/* Legacy compatibility: */
7753#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7754
7755
7756/*
7757** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7758** METHOD: sqlite3
7759**
7760** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7761** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7762** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7763** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7764** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7765*/
7766sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7767
7768/*
7769** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7770** METHOD: sqlite3
7771** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7772**
7773** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7774** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7775** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7776** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7777** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7778** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7779** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7780** main database file.
7781** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7782** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7783** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7784** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7785**
7786** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7787** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7788** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7789** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7790** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7791** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7792** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7793** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7794** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7795** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7796** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7797** from the pager.
7798**
7799** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7800** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7801** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7802** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7803** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7804** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7805** xFileControl method.
7806**
7807** See also: [file control opcodes]
7808*/
7809int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7810
7811/*
7812** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7813**
7814** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7815** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7816** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7817** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7818**
7819** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7820** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7821** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7822**
7823** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7824** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7825** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7826** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7827*/
7828int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7829
7830/*
7831** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7832**
7833** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7834** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7835**
7836** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7837** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7838** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7839** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7840*/
7841#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7842#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7843#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7844#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
7845#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7846#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7847#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7848#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7849#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7850#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7851#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
7852#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7853#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7854#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7855#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7856#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7857#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7858#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7859#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7860#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7861#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7862#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7863#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7864#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7865#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7866#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
7867#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
7868#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
7869#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
7870#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
7871#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE                    32
7872#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    32  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7873
7874/*
7875** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7876**
7877** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7878** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7879** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7880** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7881**
7882** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7883** keywords understood by SQLite.
7884**
7885** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7886** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7887** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7888** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7889** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7890** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7891** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7892**
7893** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7894** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7895** if it is and zero if not.
7896**
7897** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7898** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7899** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7900** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7901** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7902** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7903** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7904** name collisions include:
7905** <ul>
7906** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7907**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7908** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7909**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7910**      technique.
7911** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7912**      with "Z".
7913** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7914** </ul>
7915**
7916** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7917** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7918** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7919** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7920*/
7921int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7922int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7923int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7924
7925/*
7926** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7927** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7928**
7929** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7930** string under construction.
7931**
7932** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7933** <ol>
7934** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7935** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7936** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7937** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7938** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7939** </ol>
7940*/
7941typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7942
7943/*
7944** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7945** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7946**
7947** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7948** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7949** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7950** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7951**
7952** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7953** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7954** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7955** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7956** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7957** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7958** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7959** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7960** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7961**
7962** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7963** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7964** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7965** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7966** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7967*/
7968sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7969
7970/*
7971** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7972** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7973**
7974** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7975** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7976** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7977** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7978** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7979** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7980** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7981** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7982*/
7983char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7984
7985/*
7986** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7987** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7988**
7989** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7990** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7991**
7992** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7993** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7994** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7995** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7996**
7997** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7998** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7999** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
8000** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
8001** method instead.
8002**
8003** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
8004** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8005**
8006** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
8007** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8008** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
8009**
8010** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
8011** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
8012**
8013** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
8014** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
8015** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
8016*/
8017void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
8018void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
8019void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
8020void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
8021void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
8022void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
8023
8024/*
8025** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
8026** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8027**
8028** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
8029**
8030** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
8031** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
8032** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
8033** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
8034** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
8035** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
8036**
8037** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
8038** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
8039** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
8040** zero-termination byte.
8041**
8042** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
8043** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
8044** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
8045** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
8046** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
8047** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
8048** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
8049** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
8050** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
8051** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
8052*/
8053int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
8054int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
8055char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
8056
8057/*
8058** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
8059**
8060** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
8061** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
8062** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
8063** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
8064** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
8065** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
8066** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
8067** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
8068** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
8069** value.  For those parameters
8070** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
8071** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
8072** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
8073**
8074** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
8075** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
8076**
8077** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
8078** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
8079** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
8080**
8081** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
8082*/
8083int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
8084int sqlite3_status64(
8085  int op,
8086  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
8087  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
8088  int resetFlag
8089);
8090
8091
8092/*
8093** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
8094** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
8095**
8096** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8097** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8098**
8099** <dl>
8100** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8101** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8102** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8103** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8104** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8105** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8106** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8107** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8108**
8109** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8110** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8111** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8112** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8113** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8114** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8115**
8116** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8117** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8118** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8119**
8120** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8121** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8122** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8123** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8124** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8125**
8126** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8127** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8128** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8129** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8130** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8131** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8132** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8133** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8134** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8135**
8136** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8137** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8138** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8139** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8140** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8141**
8142** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8143** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8144**
8145** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8146** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8147**
8148** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8149** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8150**
8151** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8152** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8153** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8154** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8155** </dl>
8156**
8157** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8158*/
8159#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8160#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8161#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8162#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8163#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8164#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8165#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8166#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8167#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8168#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8169
8170/*
8171** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8172** METHOD: sqlite3
8173**
8174** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8175** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8176** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8177** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8178** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8179** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8180** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8181** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8182**
8183** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8184** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8185** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8186** reset back down to the current value.
8187**
8188** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8189** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8190**
8191** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8192*/
8193int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8194
8195/*
8196** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8197** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8198**
8199** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8200** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8201**
8202** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8203** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8204** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8205** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8206** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8207**
8208** <dl>
8209** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8210** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8211** checked out.</dd>)^
8212**
8213** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8214** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8215** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8216** the current value is always zero.)^
8217**
8218** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8219** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8220** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8221** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8222** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8223** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8224** the current value is always zero.)^
8225**
8226** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8227** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8228** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8229** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8230** memory already being in use.
8231** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8232** the current value is always zero.)^
8233**
8234** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8235** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8236** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8237** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8238**
8239** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8240** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8241** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8242** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8243** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8244** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8245** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8246** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
8247** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8248** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8249** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
8250**
8251** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8252** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8253** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8254** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8255** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8256** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8257** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8258** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8259**
8260** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8261** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8262** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8263** the database connection.)^
8264** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8265** </dd>
8266**
8267** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8268** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8269** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8270** is always 0.
8271** </dd>
8272**
8273** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8274** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8275** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8276** is always 0.
8277** </dd>
8278**
8279** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8280** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8281** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8282** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8283** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8284** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8285** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8286** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8287** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8288** </dd>
8289**
8290** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8291** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8292** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8293** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8294** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8295** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
8296** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8297** </dd>
8298**
8299** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8300** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8301** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8302** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8303** </dd>
8304** </dl>
8305*/
8306#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
8307#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
8308#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
8309#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
8310#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
8311#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
8312#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
8313#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
8314#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
8315#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
8316#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
8317#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
8318#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
8319#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
8320
8321
8322/*
8323** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
8324** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8325**
8326** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
8327** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
8328** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
8329** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
8330** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
8331** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
8332** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
8333** an index.
8334**
8335** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
8336** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
8337** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
8338** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
8339** to be interrogated.)^
8340** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
8341** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
8342** interface call returns.
8343**
8344** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
8345*/
8346int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
8347
8348/*
8349** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
8350** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
8351**
8352** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
8353** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
8354** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
8355**
8356** <dl>
8357** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
8358** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
8359** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8360** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8361** careful use of indices.</dd>
8362**
8363** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8364** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8365** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8366** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8367**
8368** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8369** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8370** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8371** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8372** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8373** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8374**
8375** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8376** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8377** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8378** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8379** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8380** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8381** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8382**
8383** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8384** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8385** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8386** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8387**
8388** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8389** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8390** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8391** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8392** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8393** cycle.
8394**
8395** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8396** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8397** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8398** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8399** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8400** </dd>
8401** </dl>
8402*/
8403#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8404#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8405#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8406#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8407#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8408#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8409#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8410
8411/*
8412** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8413**
8414** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8415** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8416** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8417** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8418** to the object.
8419**
8420** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8421*/
8422typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8423
8424/*
8425** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8426**
8427** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8428** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8429** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8430** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8431**
8432** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8433*/
8434typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8435struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8436  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8437  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8438};
8439
8440/*
8441** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8442** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8443**
8444** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8445** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8446** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8447** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8448** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8449** By implementing a
8450** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8451** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8452** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8453** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8454** how long.
8455**
8456** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8457** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8458** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8459**
8460** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8461** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8462** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8463** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8464**
8465** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8466** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8467** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8468** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8469** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8470** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8471** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8472** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8473** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8474** page cache.)^
8475**
8476** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8477** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8478** It can be used to clean up
8479** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8480** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8481**
8482** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8483** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8484** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8485** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8486** in multithreaded applications.
8487**
8488** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8489** call to xShutdown().
8490**
8491** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8492** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8493** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8494** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8495** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8496** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8497** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8498** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8499** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8500** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8501** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8502** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8503** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8504** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8505** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8506** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8507** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8508** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8509** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8510** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8511** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8512** never contain any unpinned pages.
8513**
8514** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8515** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8516** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8517** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8518** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8519** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8520** value; it is advisory only.
8521**
8522** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8523** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8524** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8525**
8526** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8527** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8528** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8529** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8530** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8531** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8532** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8533** for each entry in the page cache.
8534**
8535** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8536** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8537** to be "pinned".
8538**
8539** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8540** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8541** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8542** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8543** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8544**
8545** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8546** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8547** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8548** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8549**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8550** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8551**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8552** </table>
8553**
8554** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8555** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8556** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8557** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8558** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8559**
8560** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8561** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8562** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8563** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8564** ^If the discard parameter is
8565** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8566** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8567** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8568**
8569** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8570** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8571** to xFetch().
8572**
8573** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8574** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8575** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8576** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8577** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8578** to be pinned.
8579**
8580** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8581** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8582** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8583** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8584** they can be safely discarded.
8585**
8586** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8587** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8588** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8589** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8590** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8591** functions.
8592**
8593** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8594** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8595** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8596** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8597** do their best.
8598*/
8599typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8600struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8601  int iVersion;
8602  void *pArg;
8603  int (*xInit)(void*);
8604  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8605  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8606  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8607  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8608  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8609  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8610  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8611      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8612  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8613  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8614  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8615};
8616
8617/*
8618** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8619** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8620** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8621*/
8622typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8623struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8624  void *pArg;
8625  int (*xInit)(void*);
8626  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8627  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8628  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8629  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8630  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8631  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8632  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8633  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8634  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8635};
8636
8637
8638/*
8639** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8640**
8641** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8642** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8643** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8644** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8645**
8646** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8647*/
8648typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8649
8650/*
8651** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8652**
8653** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8654** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8655** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8656**
8657** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8658**
8659** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8660** for the duration of the backup operation.
8661** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8662** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8663** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8664** preventing other database connections from
8665** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8666**
8667** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8668**   <ol>
8669**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8670**         backup,
8671**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8672**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8673**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8674**         associated with the backup operation.
8675**   </ol>)^
8676** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8677** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8678**
8679** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8680**
8681** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8682** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8683** and the database name, respectively.
8684** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8685** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8686** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8687** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8688** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8689** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8690** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8691** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8692** an error.
8693**
8694** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8695** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8696** destination database.
8697**
8698** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8699** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8700** destination [database connection] D.
8701** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8702** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8703** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8704** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8705** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8706** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8707** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8708** operation.
8709**
8710** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8711**
8712** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8713** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8714** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8715** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8716** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8717** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8718** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8719** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8720** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8721** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8722** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8723** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8724**
8725** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8726** <ol>
8727** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8728** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8729** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8730** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8731** destination and source page sizes differ.
8732** </ol>)^
8733**
8734** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8735** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8736** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8737** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8738** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8739** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8740** [database connection]
8741** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8742** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8743** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8744** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8745** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8746** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8747** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8748** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8749** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8750**
8751** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8752** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8753** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8754** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8755** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8756** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8757** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8758** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8759** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8760** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8761** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8762** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8763** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8764** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8765** updated at the same time.
8766**
8767** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8768**
8769** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8770** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8771** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8772** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8773** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8774** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8775** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8776** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8777** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8778**
8779** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8780** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8781** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8782** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8783** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8784** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8785**
8786** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8787** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8788** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8789**
8790** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8791** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8792**
8793** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8794** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8795** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8796** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8797** sqlite3_backup_step().
8798** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8799** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8800** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8801** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8802** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8803** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8804**
8805** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8806**
8807** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8808** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8809** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8810** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8811** from within other threads.
8812**
8813** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8814** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8815** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8816** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8817** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8818** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8819** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8820** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8821**
8822** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8823** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8824** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8825** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8826** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8827** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8828**
8829** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8830** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8831** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8832** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8833** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8834** possible that they return invalid values.
8835*/
8836sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8837  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8838  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8839  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8840  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8841);
8842int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8843int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8844int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8845int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8846
8847/*
8848** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8849** METHOD: sqlite3
8850**
8851** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8852** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8853** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8854** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8855** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8856** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8857** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8858** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8859**
8860** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8861**
8862** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8863** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8864**
8865** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8866** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8867** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8868** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8869** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8870** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8871** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8872** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8873** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8874** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
8875**
8876** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8877** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8878** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8879** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8880** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8881**
8882** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8883** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8884** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8885** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8886**
8887** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8888** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8889** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8890** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8891** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8892** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8893** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8894** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8895**
8896** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8897** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8898** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8899**
8900** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8901** returns SQLITE_OK.
8902**
8903** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8904**
8905** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8906** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8907** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8908** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8909** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8910** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8911**
8912** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
8913** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8914** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8915** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8916** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8917** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8918** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8919** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8920**
8921** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8922**
8923** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8924** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8925** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8926** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8927** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8928** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8929** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8930**
8931** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8932** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8933** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8934** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8935** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8936** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8937** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8938** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8939** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8940** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8941** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8942** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8943**
8944** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8945**
8946** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8947** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8948** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8949** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8950** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8951** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8952** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8953** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8954** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8955**
8956** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8957** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8958** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8959** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8960** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8961*/
8962int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8963  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8964  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8965  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8966);
8967
8968
8969/*
8970** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8971**
8972** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8973** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8974** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8975** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8976*/
8977int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8978int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8979
8980/*
8981** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8982*
8983** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8984** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8985** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8986** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8987** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8988** is case sensitive.
8989**
8990** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8991** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8992**
8993** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8994*/
8995int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8996
8997/*
8998** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8999*
9000** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
9001** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
9002** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
9003** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
9004** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
9005** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
9006** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
9007** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
9008** one another.
9009**
9010** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
9011** only ASCII characters are case folded.
9012**
9013** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9014** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9015**
9016** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
9017*/
9018int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
9019
9020/*
9021** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
9022**
9023** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
9024** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
9025** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
9026** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
9027**
9028** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
9029** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
9030** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
9031** is considered bad form.
9032**
9033** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
9034**
9035** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
9036** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
9037** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
9038** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
9039** buffer.
9040*/
9041void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
9042
9043/*
9044** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
9045** METHOD: sqlite3
9046**
9047** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
9048** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
9049**
9050** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
9051** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
9052** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
9053**
9054** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
9055** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
9056** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
9057** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
9058** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
9059** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
9060** including those that were just committed.
9061**
9062** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
9063** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
9064** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
9065** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
9066** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
9067** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
9068** are undefined.
9069**
9070** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
9071** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
9072** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^The return value is
9073** a copy of the third parameter from the previous call, if any, or 0.
9074** ^Note that the [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
9075** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
9076** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
9077*/
9078void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
9079  sqlite3*,
9080  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
9081  void*
9082);
9083
9084/*
9085** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
9086** METHOD: sqlite3
9087**
9088** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
9089** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
9090** to automatically [checkpoint]
9091** after committing a transaction if there are N or
9092** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
9093** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
9094** checkpoints entirely.
9095**
9096** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9097** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9098** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9099** configured by this function.
9100**
9101** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9102** from SQL.
9103**
9104** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9105** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9106**
9107** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9108** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9109** pages.  The use of this interface
9110** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9111** for a particular application.
9112*/
9113int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9114
9115/*
9116** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9117** METHOD: sqlite3
9118**
9119** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9120** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9121**
9122** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9123** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9124** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9125** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9126** information.
9127**
9128** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9129** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9130** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9131** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9132** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9133** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9134*/
9135int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9136
9137/*
9138** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9139** METHOD: sqlite3
9140**
9141** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9142** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9143** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9144** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9145**
9146** <dl>
9147** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9148**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9149**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9150**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9151**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9152**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9153**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9154**
9155** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9156**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9157**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9158**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9159**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9160**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9161**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9162**
9163** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9164**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9165**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9166**   [busy-handler callback])
9167**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9168**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9169**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9170**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9171**
9172** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9173**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9174**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9175**   to a successful return.
9176** </dl>
9177**
9178** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9179** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9180** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9181** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9182** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9183** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9184** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9185** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9186** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9187**
9188** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9189** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9190** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9191** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9192**
9193** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9194** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9195** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9196** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9197** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9198** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9199** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9200** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9201** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9202** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9203**
9204** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9205** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9206** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9207** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9208** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9209** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9210** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9211** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9212** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9213** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9214** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9215**
9216** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9217** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9218** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9219** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9220**
9221** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9222** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9223** sets the error information that is queried by
9224** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9225**
9226** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9227** from SQL.
9228*/
9229int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9230  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9231  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9232  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9233  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9234  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9235);
9236
9237/*
9238** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9239** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9240**
9241** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9242** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9243** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9244** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9245*/
9246#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9247#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9248#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
9249#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9250
9251/*
9252** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9253**
9254** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9255** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9256** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9257**
9258** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9259** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9260**
9261** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9262** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9263** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9264** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9265** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9266** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9267** is used.
9268*/
9269int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9270
9271/*
9272** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9273** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9274** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9275**
9276** These macros define the various options to the
9277** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9278** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9279**
9280** <dl>
9281** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9282** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
9283** <dd>Calls of the form
9284** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
9285** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
9286** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
9287** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
9288** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
9289** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
9290** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
9291** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
9292**
9293** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
9294** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
9295** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
9296** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
9297** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
9298** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
9299** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
9300** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
9301** had been ABORT.
9302**
9303** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
9304** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
9305** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
9306** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
9307** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
9308** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
9309** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
9310** constraint handling.
9311** </dd>
9312**
9313** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
9314** <dd>Calls of the form
9315** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
9316** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9317** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
9318** views.
9319** </dd>
9320**
9321** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
9322** <dd>Calls of the form
9323** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
9324** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9325** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
9326** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
9327** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
9328** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
9329** flag unless absolutely necessary.
9330** </dd>
9331** </dl>
9332*/
9333#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
9334#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
9335#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
9336
9337/*
9338** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
9339**
9340** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
9341** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
9342** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
9343** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9344** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
9345** [virtual table].
9346*/
9347int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
9348
9349/*
9350** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
9351**
9352** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
9353** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
9354** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
9355** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
9356** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
9357** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
9358** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
9359**
9360** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
9361** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
9362** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
9363** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
9364** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
9365** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
9366**
9367** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
9368** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
9369** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
9370** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
9371** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
9372*/
9373int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
9374
9375/*
9376** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
9377**
9378** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
9379** method of a [virtual table].
9380**
9381** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
9382** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
9383** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
9384** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
9385** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
9386** constraint.
9387*/
9388SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9389
9390/*
9391** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
9392** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
9393**
9394** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
9395** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9396** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9397**
9398** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9399** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9400** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9401*/
9402#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9403/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9404#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9405/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9406#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9407
9408/*
9409** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9410** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9411**
9412** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9413** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9414** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9415**
9416** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9417** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9418** S is finalized.
9419**
9420** <dl>
9421** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9422** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9423** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9424**
9425** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9426** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9427** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9428**
9429** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9430** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9431** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9432** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9433** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9434** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9435** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9436**
9437** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9438** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9439** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9440** used for the X-th loop.
9441**
9442** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9443** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9444** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9445** description for the X-th loop.
9446**
9447** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9448** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9449** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9450** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9451** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9452** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9453** </dl>
9454*/
9455#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9456#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9457#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9458#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9459#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9460#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9461
9462/*
9463** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9464** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9465**
9466** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9467** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9468** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9469** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9470**
9471** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9472** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9473** compile-time option.
9474**
9475** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9476** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9477** of this interface is undefined.
9478** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9479** the "pOut" parameter.
9480** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9481** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9482** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9483** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9484** points to is unchanged.
9485**
9486** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9487** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9488** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9489** that pOut points to unchanged.
9490**
9491** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9492*/
9493int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9494  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9495  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9496  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9497  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9498);
9499
9500/*
9501** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9502** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9503**
9504** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9505**
9506** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9507** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9508*/
9509void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9510
9511/*
9512** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9513** METHOD: sqlite3
9514**
9515** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9516** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9517** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9518** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9519** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9520** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9521** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9522** any [attached] databases.
9523**
9524** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9525** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9526** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9527** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9528** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9529** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9530** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9531** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9532**
9533** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9534** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9535** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9536**
9537** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9538**
9539** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9540** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9541*/
9542int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9543
9544/*
9545** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9546** METHOD: sqlite3
9547**
9548** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9549** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9550**
9551** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
9552** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
9553** on a database table.
9554** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
9555** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
9556** the previous setting.
9557** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
9558** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
9559** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
9560** the first parameter to callbacks.
9561**
9562** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
9563** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
9564** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
9565**
9566** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
9567** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
9568** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
9569** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
9570** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
9571** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9572** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
9573** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
9574** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
9575** databases.)^
9576** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9577** table that is being modified.
9578**
9579** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
9580** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
9581** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
9582** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
9583** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
9584** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
9585** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
9586** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
9587** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
9588**
9589** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
9590** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
9591** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
9592** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
9593** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
9594** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
9595** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
9596** behavior.
9597**
9598** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
9599** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
9600**
9601** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9602** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9603** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9604** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9605** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
9606** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
9607** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9608** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9609**
9610** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9611** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9612** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9613** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9614** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9615** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9616** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9617** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9618**
9619** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9620** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9621** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9622** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9623** triggers; and so forth.
9624**
9625** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
9626** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE. This is because the
9627** in this case the new values are not available. In this case, when a
9628** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actuall a write using the
9629** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
9630** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
9631** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
9632** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
9633**
9634** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9635*/
9636#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9637void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9638  sqlite3 *db,
9639  void(*xPreUpdate)(
9640    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9641    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9642    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9643    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9644    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9645    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9646    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9647  ),
9648  void*
9649);
9650int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9651int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9652int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9653int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9654int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *);
9655#endif
9656
9657/*
9658** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9659** METHOD: sqlite3
9660**
9661** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9662** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9663** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9664** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9665** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9666** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9667*/
9668int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9669
9670/*
9671** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9672** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9673**
9674** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9675** database for some specific point in history.
9676**
9677** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9678** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9679** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9680** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9681** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9682** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9683** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9684**
9685** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9686** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9687** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9688** the most recent version.
9689*/
9690typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9691  unsigned char hidden[48];
9692} sqlite3_snapshot;
9693
9694/*
9695** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9696** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9697**
9698** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9699** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9700** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9701** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9702** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9703** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9704** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9705**
9706** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9707** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9708** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9709** in this case.
9710**
9711** <ul>
9712**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9713**
9714**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9715**
9716**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9717**        connection D.
9718**
9719**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9720**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9721**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9722**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9723**        must be written to it first.
9724** </ul>
9725**
9726** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9727** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9728** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9729**
9730** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9731** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9732** to avoid a memory leak.
9733**
9734** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9735** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9736*/
9737SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9738  sqlite3 *db,
9739  const char *zSchema,
9740  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9741);
9742
9743/*
9744** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9745** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9746**
9747** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9748** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9749** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9750** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9751** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9752** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9753**
9754** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9755** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9756** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9757** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9758** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9759** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9760** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9761**
9762** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9763** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9764** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9765**
9766** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9767** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9768** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9769** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9770** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9771** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9772** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9773**
9774** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9775** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9776** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9777** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9778** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9779** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9780** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9781** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9782**
9783** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9784** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9785*/
9786SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9787  sqlite3 *db,
9788  const char *zSchema,
9789  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9790);
9791
9792/*
9793** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9794** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9795**
9796** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9797** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9798** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9799**
9800** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9801** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9802*/
9803SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9804
9805/*
9806** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9807** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9808**
9809** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9810** of two valid snapshot handles.
9811**
9812** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9813** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9814**
9815** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9816** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9817** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9818** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9819** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9820** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9821** is undefined.
9822**
9823** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9824** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9825** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9826**
9827** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9828** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9829*/
9830SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9831  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9832  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9833);
9834
9835/*
9836** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9837** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9838**
9839** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9840** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9841** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9842** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9843** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9844** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9845** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9846**
9847** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9848** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9849** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9850** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9851** database.
9852**
9853** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9854**
9855** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9856** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9857*/
9858SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9859
9860/*
9861** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9862**
9863** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9864** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9865** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9866** is written into *P.
9867**
9868** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9869** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9870** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9871** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9872**
9873** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9874** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9875** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9876** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9877** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9878** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9879** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9880** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9881** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9882** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9883** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9884** values of D and S.
9885** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9886** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9887** of the database exists.
9888**
9889** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9890** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9891** allocation error occurs.
9892**
9893** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
9894** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
9895*/
9896unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9897  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9898  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9899  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9900  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9901);
9902
9903/*
9904** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9905**
9906** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9907** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9908**
9909** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9910** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9911** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9912** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9913** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9914** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9915** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9916*/
9917#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9918
9919/*
9920** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9921**
9922** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9923** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9924** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9925** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9926** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9927** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9928** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9929** size does not exceed M bytes.
9930**
9931** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9932** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9933** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9934** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9935** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9936**
9937** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9938** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9939** operation.
9940**
9941** It is not possible to deserialized into the TEMP database.  If the
9942** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
9943** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
9944**
9945** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9946** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9947** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9948**
9949** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
9950** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
9951*/
9952int sqlite3_deserialize(
9953  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9954  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9955  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9956  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9957  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9958  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9959);
9960
9961/*
9962** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9963**
9964** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9965** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9966**
9967** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9968** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9969** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9970** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9971** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9972**
9973** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9974** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9975** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9976** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9977** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9978**
9979** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9980** should be treated as read-only.
9981*/
9982#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9983#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9984#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9985
9986/*
9987** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9988** builds on processors without floating point support.
9989*/
9990#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9991# undef double
9992#endif
9993
9994#ifdef __cplusplus
9995}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9996#endif
9997#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9998