xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision fb32c44e)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#endif
193
194/*
195** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196**
197** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200**
201** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207**
208** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212**
213** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216**
217** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227**
228** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229*/
230int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231
232/*
233** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235**
236** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241** interfaces (such as
242** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244** sqlite3 object.
245*/
246typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247
248/*
249** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251**
252** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254**
255** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257** compatibility only.
258**
259** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263*/
264#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268# else
269    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270# endif
271#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274#else
275  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277#endif
278typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280
281/*
282** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283** substitute integer for floating-point.
284*/
285#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286# define double sqlite3_int64
287#endif
288
289/*
290** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292**
293** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294** for the [sqlite3] object.
295** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297** resources are deallocated.
298**
299** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309**
310** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319**
320** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322**
323** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324** must be either a NULL
325** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329** argument is a harmless no-op.
330*/
331int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333
334/*
335** The type for a callback function.
336** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337** compatibility and is not documented.
338*/
339typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340
341/*
342** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343** METHOD: sqlite3
344**
345** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348** without having to use a lot of C code.
349**
350** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359** ignored.
360**
361** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371** NULL before returning.
372**
373** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376**
377** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386**
387** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390** is not changed.
391**
392** Restrictions:
393**
394** <ul>
395** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396**      is a valid and open [database connection].
397** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401** </ul>
402*/
403int sqlite3_exec(
404  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409);
410
411/*
412** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414**
415** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417**
418** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419**
420** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421*/
422#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423/* beginning-of-error-codes */
424#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454/* end-of-error-codes */
455
456/*
457** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459**
460** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465** and later) include
466** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468** on a per database connection basis using the
469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470** the most recent error can be obtained using
471** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472*/
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
507#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
508#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
509#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
514#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
515#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
516#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
517#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
518#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
519#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
520#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
521#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
522#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
523#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
524#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
525#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
526#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
527#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
528#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
531#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
532#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
533#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
534#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
535#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
536
537/*
538** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
539**
540** These bit values are intended for use in the
541** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
542** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
543*/
544#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
545#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
546#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
564
565/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
566
567/*
568** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
569**
570** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
571** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
572** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
573** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
574** refers to.
575**
576** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
577** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
578** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
579** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
580** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
581** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
582** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
583** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
584** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
585** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
586** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
587** file that were written at the application level might have changed
588** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
589** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
590** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
591** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
592** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
593** elevated privileges.
594**
595** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
596** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
597** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
598** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
599*/
600#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
601#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
602#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
603#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
604#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
605#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
606#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
607#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
608#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
609#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
615
616/*
617** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
618**
619** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
620** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
621** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
622*/
623#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
624#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
625#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
626#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
627#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
628
629/*
630** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
631**
632** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
633** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
634** these integer values as the second argument.
635**
636** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
637** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
638** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
639** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
640** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
641** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
642**
643** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
644** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
645** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
646** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
647** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
648** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
649** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
650** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
651** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
652** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
653** cares about the difference.)
654*/
655#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
656#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
657#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
658
659/*
660** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
661**
662** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
663** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
664** implementations will
665** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
666** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
667** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
668** I/O operations on the open file.
669*/
670typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
671struct sqlite3_file {
672  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
673};
674
675/*
676** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
677**
678** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
679** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
680** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
681** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
682** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
683**
684** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
685** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
686** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
687** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
688** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
689** to NULL.
690**
691** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
692** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
693** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
694** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
695** and not its inode needs to be synced.
696**
697** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
698** <ul>
699** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
700** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
701** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
702** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
703** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
704** </ul>
705** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
706** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
707** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
708** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
709** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
710**
711** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
712** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
713** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
714** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
715** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
716** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
717** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
718** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
719** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
720** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
721** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
722** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
723** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
724** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
725** recognize.
726**
727** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
728** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
729** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
730** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
731** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
732** underlying device:
733**
734** <ul>
735** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
736** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
737** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
738** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
739** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
740** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
741** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
742** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
743** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
744** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
750** </ul>
751**
752** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
753** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
754** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
755** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
756** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
757** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
758** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
759** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
760** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
761** to xWrite().
762**
763** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
764** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
765** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
766** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
767** database corruption.
768*/
769typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
770struct sqlite3_io_methods {
771  int iVersion;
772  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
773  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
774  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
775  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
776  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
777  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
778  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
779  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
780  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
781  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
782  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
783  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
784  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
785  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
786  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
787  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
788  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
789  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
790  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
791  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
792  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
793  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
794};
795
796/*
797** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
798** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
799**
800** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
801** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
802** interface.
803**
804** <ul>
805** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
806** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
807** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
808** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
809** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
810** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
811** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
812** compile-time option is used.
813**
814** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
815** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
816** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
817** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
818** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
819** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
820** file run faster.
821**
822** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
823** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
824** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
825** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
826** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
827** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
828** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
829** improve performance on some systems.
830**
831** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
832** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
833** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
834** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
835**
836** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
837** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
838** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
839** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
840** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
841**
842** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
843** No longer in use.
844**
845** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
846** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
847** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
848** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
849** because the user has configured SQLite with
850** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
851** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
852** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
853** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
854** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
855** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
856** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
857** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
858**
859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
860** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
861** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
862** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
863** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
864** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
865** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
866**
867** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
868** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
869** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
870** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
871** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
872** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
873** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
874** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
875** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
876** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
877** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
878** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
879** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
880** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
881** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
882** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
883**
884** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
885** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
886** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
887** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
888** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
889** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
890** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
891** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
892** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
893** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
894** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
895** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
896** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
897** WAL persistence setting.
898**
899** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
900** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
901** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
902** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
903** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
904** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
905** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
906** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
907** zero-damage mode setting.
908**
909** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
910** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
911** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
912** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
913** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
914**
915** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
916** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
917** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
918** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
919** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
920** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
921** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
922** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
923** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
924** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
925** is intended for diagnostic use only.
926**
927** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
928** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
929** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
930** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
931** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
932** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
933** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
934** upper-most shim only.
935**
936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
937** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
938** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
939** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
940** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
941** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
942** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
943** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
944** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
945** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
946** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
947** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
948** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
949** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
950** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
951** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
952** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
953** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
954** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
955** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
956** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
957** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
958** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
959** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
960**
961** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
962** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
963** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
964** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
965** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
966** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
967** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
968** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
969** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
970** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
971** current operation.
972**
973** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
974** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
975** to have SQLite generate a
976** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
977** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
978** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
979** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
980** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
981**
982** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
983** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
984** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
985** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
986** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
987** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
988** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
989** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
990** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
991**
992** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
993** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
994** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
995** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
996** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
997** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
998** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
999**
1000** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1001** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1002** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1003** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1004** was first opened.
1005**
1006** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1007** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1008** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1009** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1010** writes the resulting value there.
1011**
1012** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1013** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1014** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1015** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1016** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1017**
1018** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1019** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1020** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1021** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1022** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1023** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1024**
1025** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1026** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1027** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1028**
1029** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1030** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1031** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1032** this opcode.
1033**
1034** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1035** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1036** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1037** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1038** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1039** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1040** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1041** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1042** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1043** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1044** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1045** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1046**
1047** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1048** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1049** operations since the previous successful call to
1050** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1051** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1052** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1053** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1054** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1055** write operations are independent.
1056** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1057** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1058**
1059** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1060** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1061** operations since the previous successful call to
1062** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1063** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1064** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1065** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1066** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1067**
1068** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1069** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1070** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1071** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1072** unsigned integer parameter.
1073** </ul>
1074*/
1075#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1076#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1077#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1078#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1079#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1080#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1081#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1082#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1083#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1084#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1085#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1086#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1087#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1088#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1089#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1090#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1091#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1092#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1093#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1094#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1095#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1096#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1097#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1098#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1099#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1100#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1101#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1102#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1103#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1104#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1105#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1106#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1107#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1108
1109/* deprecated names */
1110#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1111#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1112#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1113
1114
1115/*
1116** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1117**
1118** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1119** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1120** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1121** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1122**
1123** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1124*/
1125typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1126
1127/*
1128** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1129**
1130** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1131** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1132** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1133** on some platforms.
1134*/
1135typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1136
1137/*
1138** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1139**
1140** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1141** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1142** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1143** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1144**
1145** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1146** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1147** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1148** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1149** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1150** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1151** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1152** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1153** Note that the structure
1154** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1155** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1156** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1157**
1158** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1159** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1160** a pathname in this VFS.
1161**
1162** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1163** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1164** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1165** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1166** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1167** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1168**
1169** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1170** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1171** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1172** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1173** object once the object has been registered.
1174**
1175** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1176** be unique across all VFS modules.
1177**
1178** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1179** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1180** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1181** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1182** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1183** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1184** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1185** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1186** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1187** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1188** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1189** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1190** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1191** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1192** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1193** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1194**
1195** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1196** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1197** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1198** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1199** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1200** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1201**
1202** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1203** call, depending on the object being opened:
1204**
1205** <ul>
1206** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1207** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1208** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1209** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1210** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1211** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1212** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1213** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1214** </ul>)^
1215**
1216** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1217** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1218** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1219** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1220** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1221** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1222** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1223** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1224**
1225** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1226**
1227** <ul>
1228** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1229** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1230** </ul>
1231**
1232** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1233** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1234** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1235** databases, and subjournals.
1236**
1237** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1238** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1239** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1240** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1241** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1242** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1243** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1244** for exclusive access.
1245**
1246** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1247** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1248** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1249** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1250** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1251** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1252** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1253** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1254** or failure of the xOpen call.
1255**
1256** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1257** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1258** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1259** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1260** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1261** directory.
1262**
1263** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1264** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1265** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1266** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1267** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1268** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1269**
1270** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1271** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1272** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1273** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1274** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1275** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1276** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1277** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1278** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1279** a floating point value.
1280** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1281** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1282** a 24-hour day).
1283** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1284** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1285** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1286** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1287**
1288** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1289** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1290** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1291** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1292** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1293** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1294** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1295** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1296** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1297** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1298** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1299*/
1300typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1301typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1302struct sqlite3_vfs {
1303  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1304  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1305  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1306  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1307  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1308  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1309  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1310               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1311  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1312  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1313  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1314  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1315  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1316  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1317  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1318  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1319  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1320  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1321  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1322  /*
1323  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1324  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1325  */
1326  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1327  /*
1328  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1329  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1330  */
1331  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1332  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1333  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1334  /*
1335  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1336  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1337  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1338  */
1339};
1340
1341/*
1342** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1343**
1344** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1345** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1346** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1347** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1348** simply checks whether the file exists.
1349** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1350** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1351** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1352** the directory).
1353** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1354** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1355** release of SQLite.
1356** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1357** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1358** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1359** SQLite.
1360*/
1361#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1362#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1363#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1364
1365/*
1366** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1367**
1368** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1369** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1370** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1371** xShmLock method:
1372**
1373** <ul>
1374** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1375** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1376** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1377** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1378** </ul>
1379**
1380** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1381** was given on the corresponding lock.
1382**
1383** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1384** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1385** and EXCLUSIVE.
1386*/
1387#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1388#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1389#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1390#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1391
1392/*
1393** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1394**
1395** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1396** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1397** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1398** lock outside of this range
1399*/
1400#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1401
1402
1403/*
1404** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1405**
1406** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1407** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1408** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1409** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1410** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1411** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1412**
1413** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1414** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1415** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1416** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1417** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1418** are harmless no-ops.)^
1419**
1420** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1421** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1422** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1423** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1424**
1425** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1426** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1427** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1428** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1429** sqlite3_shutdown().
1430**
1431** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1432** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1433** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1434**
1435** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1436** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1437** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1438** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1439**
1440** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1441** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1442** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1443** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1444** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1445** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1446** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1447** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1448** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1449** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1450** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1451** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1452** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1453** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1454**
1455** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1456** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1457** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1458** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1459** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1460** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1461** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1462**
1463** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1464** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1465** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1466** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1467** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1468** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1469** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1470** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1471** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1472** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1473** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1474** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1475** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1476** failure.
1477*/
1478int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1479int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1480int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1481int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1482
1483/*
1484** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1485**
1486** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1487** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1488** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1489** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1490** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1491**
1492** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1493** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1494** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1495**
1496** The sqlite3_config() interface
1497** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1498** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1499** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1500** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1501** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1502** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1503**
1504** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1505** [configuration option] that determines
1506** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1507** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1508** in the first argument.
1509**
1510** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1511** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1512** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1513*/
1514int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1515
1516/*
1517** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1518** METHOD: sqlite3
1519**
1520** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1521** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1522** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1523** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1524**
1525** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1526** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1527** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1528** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1529**
1530** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1531** the call is considered successful.
1532*/
1533int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1534
1535/*
1536** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1537**
1538** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1539** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1540**
1541** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1542** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1543** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1544** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1545** By creating an instance of this object
1546** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1547** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1548** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1549** dynamic memory needs.
1550**
1551** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1552** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1553** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1554** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1555** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1556** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1557** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1558** conditions.
1559**
1560** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1561** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1562** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1563** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1564**
1565** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1566** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1567** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1568**
1569** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1570** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1571** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1572** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1573** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1574** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1575** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1576**
1577** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1578** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1579** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1580** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1581** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1582** xInit and xShutdown.
1583**
1584** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1585** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1586** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1587** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1588** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1589** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1590** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1591** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1592** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1593** serialization.
1594**
1595** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1596** call to xShutdown().
1597*/
1598typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1599struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1600  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1601  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1602  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1603  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1604  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1605  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1606  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1607  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1608};
1609
1610/*
1611** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1612** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1613**
1614** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1615** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1616**
1617** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1618** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1619** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1620** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1621** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1622** is invoked.
1623**
1624** <dl>
1625** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1626** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1627** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1628** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1629** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1630** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1631** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1632** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1633** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1634** configuration option.</dd>
1635**
1636** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1637** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1638** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1639** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1640** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1641** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1642** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1643** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1644** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1645** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1646** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1647** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1648** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1649**
1650** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1651** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1652** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1653** all mutexes including the recursive
1654** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1655** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1656** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1657** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1658** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1659** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1660** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1661** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1662** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1663** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1664** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1665**
1666** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1667** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1668** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1669** The argument specifies
1670** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1671** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1672** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1673** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1674**
1675** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1676** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1677** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1678** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1679** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1680** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1681** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1682** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1683**
1684** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1685** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1686** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1687** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1688** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1689** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1690** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1691** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1692** </dd>
1693**
1694** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1695** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1696** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1697** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1698** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1699**   <ul>
1700**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1701**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1702**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1703**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1704**   </ul>)^
1705** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1706** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1707** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1708** </dd>
1709**
1710** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1711** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1712** </dd>
1713**
1714** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1715** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1716** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1717** cache implementation.
1718** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1719** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1720** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1721** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1722** and the number of cache lines (N).
1723** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1724** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1725** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1726** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1727** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1728** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1729** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1730** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1731** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1732** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1733** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1734** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1735** is exhausted.
1736** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1737** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1738** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1739** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1740** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1741** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1742** additional cache line. </dd>
1743**
1744** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1745** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1746** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1747** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1748** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1749** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1750** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1751** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1752** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1753** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1754** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1755** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1756** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1757** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1758** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1759** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1760** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1761** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1762** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1763**
1764** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1765** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1766** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1767** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1768** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1769** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1770** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1771** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1772** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1773** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1774** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1775**
1776** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1777** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1778** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1779** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1780** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1781** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1782** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1783** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1784** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1785** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1786** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1787** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1788**
1789** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1790** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1791** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1792** The first argument is the
1793** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1794** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1795** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1796** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1797** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1798**
1799** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1800** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1801** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1802** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1803** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1804**
1805** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1806** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1807** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1808** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1809**
1810** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1811** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1812** global [error log].
1813** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1814** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1815** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1816** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1817** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1818** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1819** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1820** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1821** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1822** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1823** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1824** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1825** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1826** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1827** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1828** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1829**
1830** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1831** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1832** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1833** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1834** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1835** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1836** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1837** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1838** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1839** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1840** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1841** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1842** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1843**
1844** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1845** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1846** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1847** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1848** ^The default setting is determined
1849** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1850** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1851** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1852** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1853** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1854** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1855** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1856**
1857** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1858** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1859** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1860** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1861** </dd>
1862**
1863** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1864** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1865** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1866** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1867** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1868** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1869** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1870** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1871** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1872** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1873** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1874** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1875** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1876** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1877** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1878** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1879**
1880** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1881** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1882** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1883** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1884** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1885** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1886** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1887** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1888** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1889** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1890** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1891** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1892** changed to its compile-time default.
1893**
1894** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1895** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1896** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1897** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1898** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1899** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1900**
1901** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1902** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1903** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1904** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1905** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1906** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1907** target platform, and SQLite version.
1908**
1909** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1910** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1911** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1912** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1913** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1914** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1915** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1916** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1917** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1918** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1919**
1920** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1921** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1922** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1923** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1924** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1925** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1926** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1927** exclusively in memory.
1928** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1929** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1930** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1931** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1932** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1933**
1934** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1935** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1936** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1937** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1938** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1939** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1940** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1941** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1942** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1943** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1944** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1945** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1946** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1947** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1948** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1949** </dl>
1950*/
1951#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1952#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1953#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1954#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1955#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1956#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1957#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1958#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1959#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1960#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1961#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1962/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1963#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1964#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1965#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1966#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1967#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1968#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1969#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1970#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1971#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1972#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1973#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1974#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1975#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1976#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1977#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
1978#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
1979
1980/*
1981** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1982**
1983** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1984** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1985**
1986** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1987** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1988** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1989** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1990** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1991** is invoked.
1992**
1993** <dl>
1994** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1995** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1996** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1997** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1998** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1999** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2000** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2001** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2002** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2003** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2004** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2005** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2006** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2007** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2008** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2009** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2010** when the "current value" returned by
2011** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2012** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2013** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2014** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2015**
2016** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2017** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2018** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2019** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2020** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2021** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2022** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2023** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2024** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2025**
2026** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2027** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2028** There should be two additional arguments.
2029** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2030** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2031** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2032** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2033** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2034** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2035**
2036** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2037** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2038** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2039** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2040** There should be two additional arguments.
2041** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2042** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2043** unchanged.
2044** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2045** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2046** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2047** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2048**
2049** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2050** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2051** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2052** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2053** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2054** There should be two additional arguments.
2055** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2056** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2057** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2058** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2059** C-API or the SQL function.
2060** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2061** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2062** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2063** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2064** </dd>
2065**
2066** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2067** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2068** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2069** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2070** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2071** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2072** until after the database connection closes.
2073** </dd>
2074**
2075** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2076** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2077** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2078** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2079** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2080** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2081** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2082** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2083** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2084** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2085** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2086** </dd>
2087**
2088** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2089** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2090** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2091** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2092** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2093** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2094** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2095** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2096** was used during testing in the lab.
2097** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2098** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2099** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2100** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2101** following this call.
2102** </dd>
2103**
2104** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2105** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2106** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2107** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2108** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2109** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2110** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2111** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2112** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2113** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2114** </dd>
2115** </dl>
2116*/
2117#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2118#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2119#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2120#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2121#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2122#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2123#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2124#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2125#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2126#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2127
2128/*
2129** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2130** METHOD: sqlite3
2131**
2132** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2133** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2134** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2135*/
2136int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2137
2138/*
2139** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2140** METHOD: sqlite3
2141**
2142** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2143** has a unique 64-bit signed
2144** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2145** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2146** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2147** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2148** is another alias for the rowid.
2149**
2150** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2151** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2152** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2153** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2154** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2155** zero.
2156**
2157** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2158** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2159** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2160**
2161** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2162** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2163** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2164** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2165** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2166** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2167** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2168** control to the user.
2169**
2170** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2171** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2172** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2173** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2174**
2175** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2176** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2177** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2178** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2179** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2180** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2181** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2182** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2183** the return value of this interface.)^
2184**
2185** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2186** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2187**
2188** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2189** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2190**
2191** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2192** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2193** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2194** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2195** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2196** last insert [rowid].
2197*/
2198sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2199
2200/*
2201** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2202** METHOD: sqlite3
2203**
2204** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2205** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2206** without inserting a row into the database.
2207*/
2208void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2209
2210/*
2211** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2212** METHOD: sqlite3
2213**
2214** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2215** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2216** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2217** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2218** returned by this function.
2219**
2220** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2221** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2222** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2223**
2224** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2225** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2226** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2227** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2228** tables are counted.
2229**
2230** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2231** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2232** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2233** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2234**
2235** <ul>
2236**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2237**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2238**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2239**
2240**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2241**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2242**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2243**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2244**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2245** </ul>
2246**
2247** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2248** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2249** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2250** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2251** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2252** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2253**
2254** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2255** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2256**
2257** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2258** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2259** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2260*/
2261int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2262
2263/*
2264** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2265** METHOD: sqlite3
2266**
2267** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2268** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2269** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2270** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2271** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2272**
2273** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2274** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2275** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2276** are not counted.
2277**
2278** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2279** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2280**
2281** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2282** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2283** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2284*/
2285int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2286
2287/*
2288** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2289** METHOD: sqlite3
2290**
2291** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2292** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2293** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2294** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2295** immediately.
2296**
2297** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2298** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2299** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2300** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2301**
2302** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2303** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2304** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2305**
2306** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2307** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2308** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2309** will be rolled back automatically.
2310**
2311** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2312** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2313** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2314** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2315** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2316** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2317** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2318** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2319** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2320** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2321*/
2322void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2323
2324/*
2325** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2326**
2327** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2328** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2329** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2330** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2331** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2332** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2333** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2334** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2335** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2336** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2337** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2338**
2339** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2340** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2341**
2342** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2343** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2344**
2345** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2346** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2347** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2348** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2349** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2350**
2351** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2352** UTF-8 string.
2353**
2354** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2355** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2356*/
2357int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2358int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2359
2360/*
2361** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2362** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2363** METHOD: sqlite3
2364**
2365** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2366** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2367** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2368** [database connection] D when another thread
2369** or process has the table locked.
2370** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2371** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2372**
2373** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2374** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2375** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2376**
2377** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2378** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2379** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2380** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2381** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2382** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2383** to the application.
2384** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2385** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2386**
2387** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2388** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2389** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2390** to the application instead of invoking the
2391** busy handler.
2392** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2393** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2394** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2395** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2396** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2397** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2398** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2399** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2400** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2401** the second process to proceed.
2402**
2403** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2404**
2405** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2406** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2407** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2408** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2409** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2410**
2411** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2412** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2413** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2414** result in undefined behavior.
2415**
2416** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2417** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2418*/
2419int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2420
2421/*
2422** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2423** METHOD: sqlite3
2424**
2425** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2426** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2427** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2428** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2429** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2430** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2431**
2432** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2433** turns off all busy handlers.
2434**
2435** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2436** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2437** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2438** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2439**
2440** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2441*/
2442int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2443
2444/*
2445** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2446** METHOD: sqlite3
2447**
2448** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2449** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2450**
2451** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2452** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2453** complete query results from one or more queries.
2454**
2455** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2456** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2457** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2458** and M be the number of columns.
2459**
2460** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2461** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2462** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2463** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2464** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2465** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2466**
2467** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2468** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2469** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2470**
2471** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2472** is as follows:
2473**
2474** <blockquote><pre>
2475**        Name        | Age
2476**        -----------------------
2477**        Alice       | 43
2478**        Bob         | 28
2479**        Cindy       | 21
2480** </pre></blockquote>
2481**
2482** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2483** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2484** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2485**
2486** <blockquote><pre>
2487**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2488**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2489**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2490**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2491**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2492**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2493**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2494**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2495** </pre></blockquote>)^
2496**
2497** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2498** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2499** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2500** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2501**
2502** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2503** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2504** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2505** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2506** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2507** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2508**
2509** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2510** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2511** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2512** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2513** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2514** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2515** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2516*/
2517int sqlite3_get_table(
2518  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2519  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2520  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2521  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2522  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2523  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2524);
2525void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2526
2527/*
2528** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2529**
2530** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2531** from the standard C library.
2532** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2533** the standard library printf()
2534** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2535** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2536**
2537** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2538** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2539** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2540** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2541** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2542** memory to hold the resulting string.
2543**
2544** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2545** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2546** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2547** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2548** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2549** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2550** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2551** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2552** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2553** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2554** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2555** now without breaking compatibility.
2556**
2557** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2558** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2559** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2560** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2561** written will be n-1 characters.
2562**
2563** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2564**
2565** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2566*/
2567char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2568char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2569char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2570char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2571
2572/*
2573** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2574**
2575** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2576** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2577** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2578** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2579**
2580** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2581** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2582** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2583** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2584** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2585** a NULL pointer.
2586**
2587** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2588** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2589** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2590**
2591** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2592** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2593** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2594** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2595** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2596** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2597** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2598** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2599** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2600** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2601**
2602** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2603** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2604** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2605** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2606** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2607** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2608** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2609** sqlite3_free(X).
2610** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2611** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2612** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2613** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2614** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2615** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2616** prior allocation is not freed.
2617**
2618** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2619** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2620** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2621**
2622** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2623** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2624** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2625** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2626** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2627** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2628** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2629** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2630** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2631**
2632** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2633** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2634** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2635** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2636** option is used.
2637**
2638** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2639** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2640** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2641** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2642**
2643** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2644** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2645** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2646** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2647** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2648** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2649** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2650**
2651** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2652** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2653** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2654** not yet been released.
2655**
2656** The application must not read or write any part of
2657** a block of memory after it has been released using
2658** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2659*/
2660void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2661void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2662void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2663void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2664void sqlite3_free(void*);
2665sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2666
2667/*
2668** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2669**
2670** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2671** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2672** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2673**
2674** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2675** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2676** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2677** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2678** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2679** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2680** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2681** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2682** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2683**
2684** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2685** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2686** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2687** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2688** prior to the reset.
2689*/
2690sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2691sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2692
2693/*
2694** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2695**
2696** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2697** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2698** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2699** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2700** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2701**
2702** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2703** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2704**
2705** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2706** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2707** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2708** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2709** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2710** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2711** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2712** method.
2713*/
2714void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2715
2716/*
2717** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2718** METHOD: sqlite3
2719** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2720**
2721** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2722** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2723** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2724** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2725** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2726** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2727** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2728** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2729** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2730** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2731** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2732** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2733** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2734** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2735** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2736** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2737**
2738** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2739** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2740** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2741** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2742** access is denied.
2743**
2744** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2745** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2746** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2747** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2748** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2749** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2750** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2751** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2752**
2753** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2754** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2755** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2756** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2757** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2758** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2759** columns of a table.
2760** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2761** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2762** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2763** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2764** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2765** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2766** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2767**
2768** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2769** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2770** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2771** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2772** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2773** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2774** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2775** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2776** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2777** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2778**
2779** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2780** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2781** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2782** in addition to using an authorizer.
2783**
2784** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2785** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2786** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2787** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2788**
2789** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2790** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2791** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2792** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2793**
2794** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2795** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2796** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2797** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2798**
2799** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2800** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2801** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2802** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2803** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2804*/
2805int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2806  sqlite3*,
2807  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2808  void *pUserData
2809);
2810
2811/*
2812** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2813**
2814** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2815** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2816** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2817** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2818** information.
2819**
2820** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2821** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2822*/
2823#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2824#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2825
2826/*
2827** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2828**
2829** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2830** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2831** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2832** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2833** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2834**
2835** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2836** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2837** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2838** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2839** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2840** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2841** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2842** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2843** top-level SQL code.
2844*/
2845/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2846#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2847#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2848#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2849#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2850#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2851#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2852#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2853#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2854#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2855#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2856#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2857#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2858#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2859#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2860#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2861#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2862#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2863#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2864#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2865#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2866#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2867#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2868#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2869#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2870#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2871#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2872#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2873#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2874#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2875#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2876#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2877#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2878#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2879#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2880
2881/*
2882** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2883** METHOD: sqlite3
2884**
2885** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2886** instead of the routines described here.
2887**
2888** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2889** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2890**
2891** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2892** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2893** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2894** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2895** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2896** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2897** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2898**
2899** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2900** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2901**
2902** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2903** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2904** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2905** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2906** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2907** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2908** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2909** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2910** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2911** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2912*/
2913SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2914   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2915SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2916   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2917
2918/*
2919** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2920** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2921**
2922** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2923** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
2924** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2925** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2926** is one of the following constants.
2927**
2928** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2929**
2930** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2931** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2932** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2933** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2934** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2935**
2936** <dl>
2937** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2938** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2939** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2940** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2941** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2942** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2943** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2944** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2945** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2946** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2947** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2948**
2949** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2950** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2951** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2952** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2953** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2954** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2955** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2956**
2957** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2958** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2959** statement generates a single row of result.
2960** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2961** X argument is unused.
2962**
2963** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2964** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2965** connection closes.
2966** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2967** and the X argument is unused.
2968** </dl>
2969*/
2970#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2971#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2972#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2973#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2974
2975/*
2976** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2977** METHOD: sqlite3
2978**
2979** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2980** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2981** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
2982** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
2983** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
2984** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
2985**
2986** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
2987** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
2988**
2989** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
2990** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
2991** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
2992** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
2993**
2994** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
2995** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
2996** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
2997** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
2998** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2999**
3000** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3001** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3002** are deprecated.
3003*/
3004int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3005  sqlite3*,
3006  unsigned uMask,
3007  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3008  void *pCtx
3009);
3010
3011/*
3012** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3013** METHOD: sqlite3
3014**
3015** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3016** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3017** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3018** database connection D.  An example use for this
3019** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3020**
3021** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3022** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3023** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3024** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3025** handler is disabled.
3026**
3027** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3028** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3029** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3030** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3031** than 1.
3032**
3033** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3034** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3035** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3036**
3037** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3038** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3039** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3040** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3041**
3042*/
3043void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3044
3045/*
3046** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3047** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3048**
3049** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3050** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3051** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3052** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3053** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3054** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3055** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3056** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3057** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3058** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3059** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3060** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3061**
3062** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3063** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3064** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3065**
3066** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3067** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3068** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3069**
3070** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3071** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3072** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3073** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3074** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3075** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3076** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3077**
3078** <dl>
3079** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3080** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3081** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3082**
3083** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3084** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3085** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3086** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3087**
3088** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3089** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3090** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3091** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3092** </dl>
3093**
3094** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3095** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3096** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3097** then the behavior is undefined.
3098**
3099** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3100** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3101** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3102** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3103** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3104** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3105** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3106** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3107** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3108** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3109** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3110**
3111** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3112** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3113** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3114** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3115**
3116** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3117** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3118** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3119** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3120** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3121** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3122** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3123**
3124** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3125** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3126** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3127**
3128** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3129**
3130** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3131** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3132** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3133** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3134** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3135** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3136** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3137** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3138** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3139** information.
3140**
3141** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3142** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3143** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3144** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3145** present, is ignored.
3146**
3147** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3148** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3149** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3150** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3151** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3152** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3153** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3154**
3155** [[core URI query parameters]]
3156** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3157** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3158** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3159** following query parameters:
3160**
3161** <ul>
3162**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3163**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3164**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3165**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3166**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3167**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3168**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3169**
3170**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3171**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3172**     an error)^.
3173**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3174**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3175**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3176**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3177**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3178**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3179**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3180**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3181**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3182**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3183**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3184**
3185**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3186**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3187**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3188**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3189**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3190**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3191**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3192**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3193**
3194**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3195**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3196**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3197**
3198**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3199**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3200**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3201**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3202**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3203**     processes uses nolock=1.
3204**
3205**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3206**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3207**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3208**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3209**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3210**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3211**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3212**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3213**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3214**
3215** </ul>
3216**
3217** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3218** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3219** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3220** additional information.
3221**
3222** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3223**
3224** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3225** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3226** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3227**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3228** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3229**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3230**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3231**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3232** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3233**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3234** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3235**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3236**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3237**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3238**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3239**          in URI filenames.
3240** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3241**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3242**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3243**          default, use a private cache.
3244** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3245**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3246**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3247** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3248**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3249** </table>
3250**
3251** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3252** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3253** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3254** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3255** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3256** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3257** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3258** the results are undefined.
3259**
3260** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3261** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3262** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3263** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3264** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3265**
3266** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3267** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3268** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3269**
3270** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3271*/
3272int sqlite3_open(
3273  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3274  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3275);
3276int sqlite3_open16(
3277  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3278  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3279);
3280int sqlite3_open_v2(
3281  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3282  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3283  int flags,              /* Flags */
3284  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3285);
3286
3287/*
3288** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3289**
3290** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3291** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3292** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3293**
3294** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3295** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3296** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3297** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3298** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3299** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3300** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3301** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3302** a pointer to an empty string.
3303**
3304** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3305** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3306** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3307** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3308** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3309** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3310** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3311** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3312** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3313** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3314**
3315** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3316** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3317** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3318** zero is returned.
3319**
3320** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3321** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3322** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3323** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3324** undesirable.
3325*/
3326const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3327int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3328sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3329
3330
3331/*
3332** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3333** METHOD: sqlite3
3334**
3335** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3336** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3337** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3338** API call.
3339** If the most recent API call was successful,
3340** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3341** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3342** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3343** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3344** disabled.
3345**
3346** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3347** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3348** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3349** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3350** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3351** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3352**
3353** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3354** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3355** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3356** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3357**
3358** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3359** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3360** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3361** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3362** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3363** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3364** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3365** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3366** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3367**
3368** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3369** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3370** error code and message may or may not be set.
3371*/
3372int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3373int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3374const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3375const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3376const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3377
3378/*
3379** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3380** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3381**
3382** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3383** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3384**
3385** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3386** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3387** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3388** prepared statement before it can be run.
3389**
3390** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3391**
3392** <ol>
3393** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3394** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3395**      interfaces.
3396** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3397** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3398**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3399** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3400** </ol>
3401*/
3402typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3403
3404/*
3405** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3406** METHOD: sqlite3
3407**
3408** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3409** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3410** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3411** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3412** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3413** new limit for that construct.)^
3414**
3415** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3416** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3417** [limits | hard upper bound]
3418** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3419** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3420** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3421** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3422** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3423**
3424** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3425** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3426** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3427** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3428**
3429** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3430** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3431** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3432** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3433** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3434** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3435** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3436** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3437** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3438** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3439** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3440** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3441**
3442** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3443*/
3444int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3445
3446/*
3447** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3448** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3449**
3450** These constants define various performance limits
3451** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3452** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3453** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3454**
3455** <dl>
3456** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3457** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3458**
3459** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3460** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3461**
3462** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3463** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3464** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3465** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3466**
3467** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3468** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3469**
3470** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3471** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3472**
3473** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3474** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3475** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3476** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3477** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3478**
3479** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3480** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3481**
3482** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3483** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3484**
3485** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3486** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3487** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3488** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3489**
3490** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3491** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3492** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3493**
3494** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3495** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3496**
3497** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3498** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3499** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3500** </dl>
3501*/
3502#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3503#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3504#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3505#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3506#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3507#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3508#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3509#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3510#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3511#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3512#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3513#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3514
3515/*
3516** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3517**
3518** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3519** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3520** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3521**
3522** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3523**
3524** <dl>
3525** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3526** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3527** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3528** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3529** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3530** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3531** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3532** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3533** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3534** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3535** </dl>
3536*/
3537#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3538
3539/*
3540** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3541** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3542** METHOD: sqlite3
3543** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3544**
3545** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3546** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3547** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3548**
3549** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3550** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3551** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3552** for special purposes.
3553**
3554** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3555** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3556** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3557** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3558**
3559** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3560** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3561** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3562**
3563** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3564** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3565** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3566** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3567** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3568**
3569** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3570** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3571** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3572** statement is generated.
3573** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3574** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3575** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3576** the nul-terminator.
3577**
3578** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3579** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3580** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3581** what remains uncompiled.
3582**
3583** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3584** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3585** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3586** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3587** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3588** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3589** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3590**
3591** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3592** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3593**
3594** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3595** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3596** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3597** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3598** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3599** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3600** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3601** behave differently in three ways:
3602**
3603** <ol>
3604** <li>
3605** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3606** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3607** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3608** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3609** </li>
3610**
3611** <li>
3612** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3613** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3614** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3615** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3616** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3617** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3618** </li>
3619**
3620** <li>
3621** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3622** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3623** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3624** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3625** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3626** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3627** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3628** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3629** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3630** </li>
3631** </ol>
3632**
3633** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3634** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3635** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3636** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3637** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3638*/
3639int sqlite3_prepare(
3640  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3641  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3642  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3643  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3644  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3645);
3646int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3647  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3648  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3649  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3650  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3651  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3652);
3653int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3654  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3655  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3656  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3657  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3658  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3659  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3660);
3661int sqlite3_prepare16(
3662  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3663  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3664  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3665  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3666  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3667);
3668int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3669  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3670  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3671  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3672  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3673  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3674);
3675int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3676  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3677  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3678  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3679  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3680  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3681  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3682);
3683
3684/*
3685** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3686** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3687**
3688** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3689** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3690** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3691** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3692** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3693** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3694** [bound parameters] expanded.
3695**
3696** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3697** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3698** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3699** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3700** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3701**
3702** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3703** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3704** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3705**
3706** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3707** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3708** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3709**
3710** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3711** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3712** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3713** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3714** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3715*/
3716const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3717char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3718
3719/*
3720** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3721** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3722**
3723** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3724** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3725** the content of the database file.
3726**
3727** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3728** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3729** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3730** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3731** change the database file through side-effects:
3732**
3733** <blockquote><pre>
3734**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3735** </pre></blockquote>
3736**
3737** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3738** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3739**
3740** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3741** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3742** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3743** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3744** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3745** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3746** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3747** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3748** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3749** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3750** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3751** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3752*/
3753int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3754
3755/*
3756** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3757** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3758**
3759** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3760** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3761** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3762** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3763** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3764** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3765** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3766** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3767**
3768** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3769** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3770** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3771** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3772** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3773*/
3774int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3775
3776/*
3777** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3778** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3779**
3780** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3781** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3782** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3783** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3784**
3785** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3786** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3787** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3788** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3789** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3790** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3791** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3792**
3793** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3794** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3795** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3796** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3797** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3798** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3799** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3800** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3801** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3802** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3803** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3804** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3805**
3806** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3807** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3808** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3809** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3810** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3811** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3812** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3813** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3814** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3815*/
3816typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3817
3818/*
3819** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3820**
3821** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3822** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3823** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3824** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3825** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3826** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3827** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3828** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3829*/
3830typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3831
3832/*
3833** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3834** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3835** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3836** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3837**
3838** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3839** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3840** templates:
3841**
3842** <ul>
3843** <li>  ?
3844** <li>  ?NNN
3845** <li>  :VVV
3846** <li>  @VVV
3847** <li>  $VVV
3848** </ul>
3849**
3850** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3851** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3852** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3853** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3854**
3855** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3856** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3857** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3858**
3859** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3860** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3861** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3862** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3863** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3864** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3865** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3866** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3867** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3868**
3869** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3870** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3871** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3872** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3873**
3874** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3875** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3876** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3877** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3878** is negative, then the length of the string is
3879** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3880** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3881** the behavior is undefined.
3882** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3883** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3884** that parameter must be the byte offset
3885** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3886** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3887** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3888** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3889** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3890**
3891** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3892** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3893** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3894** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3895** ^If the fifth argument is
3896** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3897** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3898** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3899** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3900** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3901**
3902** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3903** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3904** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3905** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3906** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3907** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3908** is undefined.
3909**
3910** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3911** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3912** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3913** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3914** content is later written using
3915** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3916** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3917**
3918** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
3919** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
3920** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
3921** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
3922** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
3923** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
3924** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
3925** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
3926**
3927** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3928** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3929** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3930** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3931** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3932** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3933**
3934** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3935** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3936**
3937** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3938** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3939** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3940** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3941** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3942** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3943** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3944**
3945** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3946** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3947*/
3948int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3949int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3950                        void(*)(void*));
3951int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3952int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3953int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3954int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3955int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3956int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3957int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3958                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3959int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3960int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
3961int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3962int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3963
3964/*
3965** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3966** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3967**
3968** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3969** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3970** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3971** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3972** to the parameters at a later time.
3973**
3974** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3975** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3976** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3977** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3978**
3979** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3980** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3981** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3982*/
3983int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3984
3985/*
3986** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3987** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3988**
3989** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3990** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3991** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3992** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3993** respectively.
3994** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3995** is included as part of the name.)^
3996** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3997** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3998**
3999** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4000**
4001** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4002** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4003** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4004** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4005** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4006**
4007** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4008** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4009** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4010*/
4011const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4012
4013/*
4014** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4015** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4016**
4017** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4018** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4019** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4020** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4021** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4022** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4023** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4024**
4025** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4026** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4027** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4028*/
4029int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4030
4031/*
4032** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4033** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4034**
4035** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4036** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4037** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4038*/
4039int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4040
4041/*
4042** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4043** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4044**
4045** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4046** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4047** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4048** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4049** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4050** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4051** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4052**
4053** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4054*/
4055int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4056
4057/*
4058** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4059** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4060**
4061** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4062** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4063** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4064** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4065** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4066** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4067** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4068**
4069** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4070** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4071** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4072** or until the next call to
4073** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4074**
4075** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4076** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4077** NULL pointer is returned.
4078**
4079** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4080** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4081** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4082** one release of SQLite to the next.
4083*/
4084const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4085const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4086
4087/*
4088** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4089** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4090**
4091** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4092** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4093** [SELECT] statement.
4094** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4095** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4096** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4097** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4098** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4099** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4100** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4101** or until the same information is requested
4102** again in a different encoding.
4103**
4104** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4105** database, table, and column.
4106**
4107** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4108** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4109** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4110** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4111**
4112** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4113** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4114** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4115** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4116** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4117**
4118** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4119** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4120**
4121** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4122** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4123**
4124** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4125** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4126** undefined.
4127**
4128** If two or more threads call one or more
4129** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4130** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4131** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4132*/
4133const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4134const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4135const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4136const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4137const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4138const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4139
4140/*
4141** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4142** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4143**
4144** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4145** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4146** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4147** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4148** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4149** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4150** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4151**
4152** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4153**
4154** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4155**
4156** and the following statement to be compiled:
4157**
4158** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4159**
4160** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4161** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4162**
4163** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4164** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4165** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4166** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4167** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4168** used to hold those values.
4169*/
4170const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4171const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4172
4173/*
4174** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4175** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4176**
4177** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4178** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4179** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4180** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4181** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4182**
4183** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4184** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4185** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4186** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4187** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4188** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4189** interface will continue to be supported.
4190**
4191** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4192** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4193** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4194** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4195**
4196** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4197** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4198** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4199** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4200** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4201** continuing.
4202**
4203** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4204** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4205** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4206** machine back to its initial state.
4207**
4208** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4209** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4210** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4211** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4212**
4213** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4214** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4215** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4216** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4217** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4218** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4219** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4220** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4221**
4222** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4223** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4224** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4225** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4226** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4227** more threads at the same moment in time.
4228**
4229** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4230** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4231** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4232** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4233** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4234** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4235** sqlite3_step() began
4236** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4237** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4238** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4239** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4240** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4241**
4242** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4243** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4244** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4245** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4246** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4247** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4248** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4249** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4250** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4251** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4252** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4253** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4254*/
4255int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4256
4257/*
4258** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4259** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4260**
4261** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4262** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4263** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4264** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4265** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4266** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4267** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4268** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4269** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4270** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4271** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4272** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4273**
4274** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4275*/
4276int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4277
4278/*
4279** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4280** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4281**
4282** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4283**
4284** <ul>
4285** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4286** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4287** <li> string
4288** <li> BLOB
4289** <li> NULL
4290** </ul>)^
4291**
4292** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4293**
4294** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4295** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4296** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4297** SQLITE_TEXT.
4298*/
4299#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4300#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4301#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4302#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4303#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4304# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4305#else
4306# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4307#endif
4308#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4309
4310/*
4311** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4312** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4313** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4314**
4315** <b>Summary:</b>
4316** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4317** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4318** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4319** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4320** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4321** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4322** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4323** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4324** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4325** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4326** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4327** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4328** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4329** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4330** TEXT in bytes
4331** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4332** datatype of the result
4333** </table></blockquote>
4334**
4335** <b>Details:</b>
4336**
4337** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4338** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4339** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4340** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4341** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4342** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4343** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4344** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4345**
4346** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4347** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4348** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4349** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4350** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4351** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4352** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4353** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4354** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4355** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4356** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4357**
4358** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4359** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4360** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4361** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4362** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4363**
4364** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4365** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4366** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4367** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4368** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4369** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4370** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4371** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4372** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4373** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4374** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4375** following a type conversion.
4376**
4377** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4378** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4379** of that BLOB or string.
4380**
4381** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4382** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4383** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4384** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4385** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4386** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4387** the number of bytes in that string.
4388** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4389**
4390** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4391** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4392** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4393** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4394** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4395** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4396** the number of bytes in that string.
4397** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4398**
4399** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4400** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4401** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4402** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4403** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4404**
4405** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4406** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4407** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4408**
4409** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4410** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4411** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4412** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4413** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4414** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4415** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4416** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4417** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4418** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4419** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4420** top-level application code.
4421**
4422** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4423** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4424** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4425** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4426** that are applied:
4427**
4428** <blockquote>
4429** <table border="1">
4430** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4431**
4432** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4433** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4434** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4435** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4436** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4437** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4438** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4439** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4440** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4441** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4442** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4443** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4444** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4445** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4446** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4447** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4448** </table>
4449** </blockquote>)^
4450**
4451** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4452** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4453** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4454** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4455** in the following cases:
4456**
4457** <ul>
4458** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4459**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4460**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4461** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4462**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4463**      to UTF-16.</li>
4464** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4465**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4466**      to UTF-8.</li>
4467** </ul>
4468**
4469** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4470** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4471** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4472** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4473** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4474**
4475** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4476** in one of the following ways:
4477**
4478** <ul>
4479**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4480**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4481**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4482** </ul>
4483**
4484** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4485** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4486** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4487** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4488** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4489** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4490** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4491**
4492** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4493** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4494** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4495** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4496** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4497** [sqlite3_free()].
4498**
4499** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4500** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4501** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4502** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4503** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4504*/
4505const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4506double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4507int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4508sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4509const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4510const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4511sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4512int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4513int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4514int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4515
4516/*
4517** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4518** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4519**
4520** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4521** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4522** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4523** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4524** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4525** [extended error code].
4526**
4527** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4528** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4529** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4530** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4531** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4532** completed execution.
4533**
4534** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4535**
4536** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4537** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4538** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4539** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4540** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4541*/
4542int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4543
4544/*
4545** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4546** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4547**
4548** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4549** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4550** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4551** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4552** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4553**
4554** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4555** back to the beginning of its program.
4556**
4557** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4558** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4559** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4560** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4561**
4562** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4563** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4564** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4565**
4566** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4567** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4568*/
4569int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4570
4571/*
4572** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4573** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4574** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4575** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4576** METHOD: sqlite3
4577**
4578** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4579** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4580** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4581** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4582** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4583** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4584** the application data pointer.
4585**
4586** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4587** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4588** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4589** to each database connection separately.
4590**
4591** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4592** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4593** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4594** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4595** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4596** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4597**
4598** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4599** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4600** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4601** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4602** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4603** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4604** undefined.
4605**
4606** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4607** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4608** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4609** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4610** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4611** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4612** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4613** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4614** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4615** each encoding.
4616** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4617** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4618**
4619** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4620** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4621** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4622** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4623** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4624** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4625** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4626**
4627** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4628** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4629**
4630** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4631** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4632** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4633** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4634** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4635** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4636** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4637** callbacks.
4638**
4639** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4640** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4641** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4642** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4643** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4644** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4645** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4646** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4647** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4648**
4649** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4650** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4651** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4652** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4653** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4654** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4655** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4656** matches the database encoding is a better
4657** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4658** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4659** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4660** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4661**
4662** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4663**
4664** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4665** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4666** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4667** statement in which the function is running.
4668*/
4669int sqlite3_create_function(
4670  sqlite3 *db,
4671  const char *zFunctionName,
4672  int nArg,
4673  int eTextRep,
4674  void *pApp,
4675  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4676  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4677  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4678);
4679int sqlite3_create_function16(
4680  sqlite3 *db,
4681  const void *zFunctionName,
4682  int nArg,
4683  int eTextRep,
4684  void *pApp,
4685  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4686  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4687  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4688);
4689int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4690  sqlite3 *db,
4691  const char *zFunctionName,
4692  int nArg,
4693  int eTextRep,
4694  void *pApp,
4695  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4696  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4697  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4698  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4699);
4700
4701/*
4702** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4703**
4704** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4705** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4706*/
4707#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4708#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4709#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4710#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4711#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4712#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4713
4714/*
4715** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4716**
4717** These constants may be ORed together with the
4718** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4719** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4720** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4721*/
4722#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4723
4724/*
4725** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4726** DEPRECATED
4727**
4728** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4729** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4730** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4731** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4732** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4733*/
4734#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4735SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4736SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4737SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4738SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4739SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4740SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4741                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4742#endif
4743
4744/*
4745** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4746** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4747**
4748** <b>Summary:</b>
4749** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4750** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4751** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4752** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4753** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4754** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4755** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4756** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4757** the native byteorder
4758** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4759** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4760** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4761** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4762** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4763** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4764** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4765** TEXT in bytes
4766** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4767** datatype of the value
4768** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4769** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4770** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4771** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4772** against a virtual table.
4773** </table></blockquote>
4774**
4775** <b>Details:</b>
4776**
4777** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4778** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4779** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4780** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4781**
4782** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4783** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4784** is not threadsafe.
4785**
4786** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4787** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4788** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4789**
4790** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4791** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4792** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4793** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4794**
4795** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4796** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4797** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4798** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4799** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4800** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4801**
4802** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4803** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4804** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4805** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4806** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4807** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4808** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4809** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4810** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4811** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4812**
4813** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4814** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4815** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4816** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4817** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4818** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4819** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4820**
4821** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
4822** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
4823** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
4824** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
4825** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
4826** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
4827** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
4828** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
4829** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
4830** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
4831** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
4832** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
4833**
4834** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4835** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4836** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4837** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4838** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4839**
4840** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4841** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4842*/
4843const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4844double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4845int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4846sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4847void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
4848const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4849const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4850const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4851const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4852int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4853int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4854int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4855int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4856int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
4857
4858/*
4859** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4860** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4861**
4862** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4863** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4864** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4865** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4866** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4867*/
4868unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4869
4870/*
4871** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4872** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4873**
4874** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4875** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4876** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4877** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4878** memory allocation fails.
4879**
4880** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4881** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4882** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4883*/
4884sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4885void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4886
4887/*
4888** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4889** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4890**
4891** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4892** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4893**
4894** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4895** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4896** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4897** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4898** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4899** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4900** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4901** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4902** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4903** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4904** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4905** first time from within xFinal().)^
4906**
4907** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4908** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4909** allocate error occurs.
4910**
4911** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4912** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4913** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4914** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4915** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4916** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4917** pointless memory allocations occur.
4918**
4919** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4920** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4921**
4922** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4923** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4924** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4925** function.
4926**
4927** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4928** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4929*/
4930void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4931
4932/*
4933** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4934** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4935**
4936** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4937** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4938** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4939** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4940** registered the application defined function.
4941**
4942** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4943** the application-defined function is running.
4944*/
4945void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4946
4947/*
4948** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4949** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4950**
4951** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4952** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4953** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4954** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4955** registered the application defined function.
4956*/
4957sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4958
4959/*
4960** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4961** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4962**
4963** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4964** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4965** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4966** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4967** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4968** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4969** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4970** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4971** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4972** invocations of the same function.
4973**
4974** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4975** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
4976** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
4977** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
4978** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
4979** returns a NULL pointer.
4980**
4981** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4982** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4983** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4984** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4985** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4986** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4987** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4988** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4989** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4990** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
4991** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4992**      SQL statement)^, or
4993** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
4994**       parameter)^, or
4995** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4996**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
4997**
4998** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4999** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5000** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5001** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5002** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5003** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5004**
5005** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5006** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5007** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5008**
5009** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5010** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5011** kinds of function caching behavior.
5012**
5013** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5014** the SQL function is running.
5015*/
5016void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5017void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5018
5019
5020/*
5021** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5022**
5023** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5024** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5025** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5026** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5027** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5028** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5029** the content before returning.
5030**
5031** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5032** C++ compilers.
5033*/
5034typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5035#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5036#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5037
5038/*
5039** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5040** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5041**
5042** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5043** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5044** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5045** for additional information.
5046**
5047** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5048** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5049** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5050**
5051** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5052** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5053** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5054** third parameter.
5055**
5056** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5057** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5058** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5059**
5060** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5061** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5062** by its 2nd argument.
5063**
5064** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5065** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5066** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5067** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5068** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5069** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5070** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5071** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5072** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5073** message all text up through the first zero character.
5074** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5075** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5076** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5077** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5078** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5079** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5080** modify the text after they return without harm.
5081** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5082** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5083** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5084** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5085**
5086** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5087** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5088**
5089** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5090** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5091**
5092** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5093** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5094** value given in the 2nd argument.
5095** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5096** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5097** value given in the 2nd argument.
5098**
5099** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5100** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5101**
5102** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5103** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5104** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5105** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5106** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5107** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5108** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5109** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5110** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5111** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5112** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5113** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5114** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5115** through the first zero character.
5116** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5117** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5118** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5119** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5120** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5121** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5122** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5123** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5124** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5125** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5126** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5127** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5128** finished using that result.
5129** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5130** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5131** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5132** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5133** when it has finished using that result.
5134** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5135** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5136** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5137** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5138**
5139** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5140** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5141** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5142** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5143** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5144** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5145** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5146** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5147** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5148**
5149** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5150** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5151** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5152** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5153** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5154** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5155** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5156** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5157** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5158** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5159**
5160** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5161** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5162** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5163*/
5164void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5165void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5166                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5167void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5168void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5169void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5170void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5171void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5172void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5173void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5174void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5175void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5176void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5177void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5178                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5179void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5180void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5181void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5182void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5183void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5184void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5185int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5186
5187
5188/*
5189** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5190** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5191**
5192** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5193** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5194** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5195** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5196** higher order bits are discarded.
5197** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5198** in future releases of SQLite.
5199*/
5200void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5201
5202/*
5203** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5204** METHOD: sqlite3
5205**
5206** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5207** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5208**
5209** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5210** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5211** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5212** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5213** considered to be the same name.
5214**
5215** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5216** <ul>
5217** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5218** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5219** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5220** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5221** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5222** </ul>)^
5223** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5224** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5225** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5226** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5227** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5228** on an even byte address.
5229**
5230** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5231** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5232**
5233** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5234** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5235** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5236** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5237** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5238** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5239** that collation is no longer usable.
5240**
5241** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5242** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5243** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5244** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5245** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5246** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5247** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5248** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5249** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5250** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5251** strings A, B, and C:
5252**
5253** <ol>
5254** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5255** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5256** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5257** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5258** </ol>
5259**
5260** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5261** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5262** is undefined.
5263**
5264** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5265** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5266** the collating function is deleted.
5267** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5268** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5269** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5270**
5271** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5272** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5273** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5274** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5275** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5276** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5277** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5278** compatibility.
5279**
5280** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5281*/
5282int sqlite3_create_collation(
5283  sqlite3*,
5284  const char *zName,
5285  int eTextRep,
5286  void *pArg,
5287  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5288);
5289int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5290  sqlite3*,
5291  const char *zName,
5292  int eTextRep,
5293  void *pArg,
5294  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5295  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5296);
5297int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5298  sqlite3*,
5299  const void *zName,
5300  int eTextRep,
5301  void *pArg,
5302  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5303);
5304
5305/*
5306** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5307** METHOD: sqlite3
5308**
5309** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5310** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5311** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5312** sequence is required.
5313**
5314** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5315** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5316** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5317** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5318** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5319**
5320** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5321** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5322** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5323** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5324** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5325** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5326** required collation sequence.)^
5327**
5328** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5329** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5330** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5331*/
5332int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5333  sqlite3*,
5334  void*,
5335  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5336);
5337int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5338  sqlite3*,
5339  void*,
5340  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5341);
5342
5343#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5344/*
5345** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5346** called right after sqlite3_open().
5347**
5348** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5349** of SQLite.
5350*/
5351int sqlite3_key(
5352  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5353  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5354);
5355int sqlite3_key_v2(
5356  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5357  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5358  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5359);
5360
5361/*
5362** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5363** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5364** database is decrypted.
5365**
5366** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5367** of SQLite.
5368*/
5369int sqlite3_rekey(
5370  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5371  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5372);
5373int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5374  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5375  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5376  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5377);
5378
5379/*
5380** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5381** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5382*/
5383void sqlite3_activate_see(
5384  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5385);
5386#endif
5387
5388#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5389/*
5390** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5391** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5392*/
5393void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5394  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5395);
5396#endif
5397
5398/*
5399** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5400**
5401** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5402** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5403**
5404** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5405** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5406** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5407** requested from the operating system is returned.
5408**
5409** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5410** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5411** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5412** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5413** in the previous paragraphs.
5414*/
5415int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5416
5417/*
5418** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5419**
5420** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5421** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5422** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5423** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5424** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5425** temporary file directory.
5426**
5427** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5428** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5429** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5430** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5431** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5432** be avoided in new projects.
5433**
5434** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5435** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5436** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5437** thread.
5438** It is intended that this variable be set once
5439** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5440** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5441** thereafter.
5442**
5443** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5444** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5445** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5446** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5447** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5448** using [sqlite3_free].
5449** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5450** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5451** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5452** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5453** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5454** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5455** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5456** objects have been destroyed.
5457**
5458** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5459** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5460** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5461** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5462**
5463** <blockquote><pre>
5464** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5465** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5466** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5467** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5468** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5469** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5470** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5471** </pre></blockquote>
5472*/
5473SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5474
5475/*
5476** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5477**
5478** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5479** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5480** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5481** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5482** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5483** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5484** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5485** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5486** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5487**
5488** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5489** open can result in a corrupt database.
5490**
5491** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5492** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5493** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5494** thread.
5495** It is intended that this variable be set once
5496** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5497** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5498** thereafter.
5499**
5500** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5501** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5502** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5503** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5504** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5505** using [sqlite3_free].
5506** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5507** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5508** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5509*/
5510SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5511
5512/*
5513** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5514** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5515** METHOD: sqlite3
5516**
5517** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5518** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5519** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5520** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5521** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5522**
5523** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5524** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5525** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5526** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5527** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5528** an error is to use this function.
5529**
5530** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5531** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5532** is undefined.
5533*/
5534int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5535
5536/*
5537** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5538** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5539**
5540** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5541** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5542** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5543** that was the first argument
5544** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5545** create the statement in the first place.
5546*/
5547sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5548
5549/*
5550** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5551** METHOD: sqlite3
5552**
5553** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5554** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5555** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5556** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5557** a NULL pointer is returned.
5558**
5559** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5560** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5561** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5562** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5563*/
5564const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5565
5566/*
5567** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5568** METHOD: sqlite3
5569**
5570** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5571** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5572** the name of a database on connection D.
5573*/
5574int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5575
5576/*
5577** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5578** METHOD: sqlite3
5579**
5580** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5581** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5582** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5583** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5584** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5585**
5586** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5587** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5588** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5589*/
5590sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5591
5592/*
5593** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5594** METHOD: sqlite3
5595**
5596** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5597** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5598** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5599** for the same database connection is overridden.
5600** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5601** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5602** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5603** for the same database connection is overridden.
5604** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5605** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5606** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5607**
5608** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5609** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5610** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5611** the first call for each function on D.
5612**
5613** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5614** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5615** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5616** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5617** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5618** or rollback hook in the first place.
5619** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5620** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5621** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5622**
5623** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5624**
5625** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5626** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5627** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5628** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5629** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5630**
5631** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5632** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5633** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5634** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5635** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5636**
5637** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5638*/
5639void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5640void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5641
5642/*
5643** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5644** METHOD: sqlite3
5645**
5646** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5647** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5648** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5649** a [rowid table].
5650** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5651** for the same database connection is overridden.
5652**
5653** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5654** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5655** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5656** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5657** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5658** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5659** to be invoked.
5660** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5661** database and table name containing the affected row.
5662** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5663** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5664**
5665** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5666** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5667** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5668**
5669** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5670** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5671** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5672** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5673** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5674** release of SQLite.
5675**
5676** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5677** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5678** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5679** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5680** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5681** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5682**
5683** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5684** returns the P argument from the previous call
5685** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5686** the first call on D.
5687**
5688** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5689** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5690*/
5691void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5692  sqlite3*,
5693  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5694  void*
5695);
5696
5697/*
5698** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5699**
5700** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5701** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5702** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5703** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5704**
5705** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5706** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5707** In prior versions of SQLite,
5708** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5709**
5710** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5711** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5712** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5713** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5714**
5715** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5716** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5717**
5718** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5719** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5720** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5721**
5722** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5723** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5724** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5725** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5726**
5727** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5728** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5729**
5730** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5731*/
5732int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5733
5734/*
5735** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5736**
5737** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5738** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5739** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5740** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5741** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5742** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5743** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5744** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5745**
5746** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5747*/
5748int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5749
5750/*
5751** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5752** METHOD: sqlite3
5753**
5754** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5755** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5756** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5757** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5758** omitted.
5759**
5760** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5761*/
5762int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5763
5764/*
5765** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5766**
5767** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5768** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5769** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5770** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5771** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5772** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5773** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5774** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5775** is advisory only.
5776**
5777** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5778** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5779** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5780** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5781** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5782** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5783**
5784** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5785**
5786** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5787** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5788**
5789** <ul>
5790** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5791** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5792**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5793**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5794** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5795**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5796** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5797**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5798**      from the heap.
5799** </ul>)^
5800**
5801** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5802** the soft heap limit is enforced
5803** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5804** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5805** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5806** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5807** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5808** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5809** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5810** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5811**
5812** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5813** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5814*/
5815sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5816
5817/*
5818** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5819** DEPRECATED
5820**
5821** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5822** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5823** only.  All new applications should use the
5824** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5825*/
5826SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5827
5828
5829/*
5830** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5831** METHOD: sqlite3
5832**
5833** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5834** information about column C of table T in database D
5835** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5836** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5837** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5838** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5839** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5840** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5841** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5842** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5843** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
5844** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
5845** undefined behavior.
5846**
5847** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5848** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5849** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5850** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5851** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5852** resolve unqualified table references.
5853**
5854** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5855** name of the desired column, respectively.
5856**
5857** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5858** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5859** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5860**
5861** ^(<blockquote>
5862** <table border="1">
5863** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5864**
5865** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5866** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5867** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5868** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5869** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5870** </table>
5871** </blockquote>)^
5872**
5873** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5874** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5875** call to any SQLite API function.
5876**
5877** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5878**
5879** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5880** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5881** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5882** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5883** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5884** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5885**
5886** <pre>
5887**     data type: "INTEGER"
5888**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5889**     not null: 0
5890**     primary key: 1
5891**     auto increment: 0
5892** </pre>)^
5893**
5894** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5895** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5896** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5897*/
5898int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5899  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5900  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5901  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5902  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5903  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5904  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5905  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5906  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5907  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5908);
5909
5910/*
5911** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5912** METHOD: sqlite3
5913**
5914** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5915**
5916** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5917** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5918** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5919** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5920** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5921** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5922** be tried also.
5923**
5924** ^The entry point is zProc.
5925** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5926** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5927** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5928** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5929** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5930** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5931** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5932** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5933** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5934** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5935** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5936** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5937** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5938**
5939** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5940** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5941** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5942** prior to calling this API,
5943** otherwise an error will be returned.
5944**
5945** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5946** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5947** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5948** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5949** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5950** access to extension loading capabilities.
5951**
5952** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5953*/
5954int sqlite3_load_extension(
5955  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5956  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5957  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5958  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5959);
5960
5961/*
5962** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5963** METHOD: sqlite3
5964**
5965** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5966** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5967** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5968** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5969**
5970** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5971** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5972** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5973** it back off again.
5974**
5975** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
5976** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
5977** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
5978** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
5979**
5980** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
5981** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
5982** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
5983** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5984** access to extension loading capabilities.
5985*/
5986int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5987
5988/*
5989** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5990**
5991** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5992** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5993** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5994** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5995**
5996** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5997** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5998** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
5999** entry point where as follows:
6000**
6001** <blockquote><pre>
6002** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6003** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6004** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6005** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6006** &nbsp;  );
6007** </pre></blockquote>)^
6008**
6009** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6010** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6011** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6012** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6013** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6014** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6015** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6016**
6017** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6018** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6019** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6020**
6021** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6022** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6023*/
6024int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6025
6026/*
6027** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6028**
6029** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6030** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6031** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6032** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6033** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6034** routines.
6035*/
6036int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6037
6038/*
6039** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6040**
6041** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6042** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6043*/
6044void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6045
6046/*
6047** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6048** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6049** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6050**
6051** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6052** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6053*/
6054
6055/*
6056** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6057*/
6058typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6059typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6060typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6061typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6062
6063/*
6064** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6065** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6066**
6067** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6068** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6069** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6070**
6071** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6072** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6073** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6074** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6075** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6076** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6077** any database connection.
6078*/
6079struct sqlite3_module {
6080  int iVersion;
6081  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6082               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6083               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6084  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6085               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6086               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6087  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6088  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6089  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6090  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6091  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6092  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6093                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6094  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6095  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6096  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6097  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6098  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6099  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6100  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6101  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6102  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6103  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6104                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6105                       void **ppArg);
6106  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6107  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6108  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6109  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6110  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6111  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6112};
6113
6114/*
6115** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6116** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6117**
6118** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6119** of the [virtual table] interface to
6120** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6121** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6122** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6123** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6124**
6125** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6126**
6127** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6128**
6129** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6130** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6131** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6132** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6133** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6134** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6135** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6136**
6137** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6138** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6139** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6140** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6141** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6142**
6143** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6144** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6145**
6146** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6147** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6148** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6149** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6150** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6151** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6152** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6153** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6154** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6155** non-zero.
6156**
6157** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6158** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6159** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6160** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6161** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6162** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6163**
6164** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6165** [xFilter] method.
6166** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6167** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6168**
6169** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6170** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6171** sorting step is required.
6172**
6173** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6174** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6175** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6176** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6177** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6178**
6179** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6180** will be returned by the strategy.
6181**
6182** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6183** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6184** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6185** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6186**
6187** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6188** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6189** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6190** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6191** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6192** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6193** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6194** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6195** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6196**
6197** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6198** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6199** If a virtual table extension is
6200** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6201** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6202** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6203** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6204** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6205** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6206** It may therefore only be used if
6207** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6208** 3009000.
6209*/
6210struct sqlite3_index_info {
6211  /* Inputs */
6212  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6213  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6214     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6215     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6216     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6217     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6218  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6219  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6220  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6221     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6222     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6223  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6224  /* Outputs */
6225  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6226    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6227    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6228  } *aConstraintUsage;
6229  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6230  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6231  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6232  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6233  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6234  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6235  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6236  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6237  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6238  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6239  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6240};
6241
6242/*
6243** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6244*/
6245#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6246
6247/*
6248** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6249**
6250** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6251** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6252** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6253** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6254*/
6255#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6256#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6257#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6258#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6259#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6260#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6261#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6262#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6263#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6264#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6265#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6266#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6267#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6268#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6269
6270/*
6271** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6272** METHOD: sqlite3
6273**
6274** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6275** ^Module names must be registered before
6276** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6277** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6278**
6279** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6280** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6281** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6282** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6283** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6284** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6285** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6286**
6287** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6288** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6289** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6290** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6291** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6292** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6293** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6294** destructor.
6295*/
6296int sqlite3_create_module(
6297  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6298  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6299  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6300  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6301);
6302int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6303  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6304  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6305  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6306  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6307  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6308);
6309
6310/*
6311** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6312** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6313**
6314** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6315** of this object to describe a particular instance
6316** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6317** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6318** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6319** common to all module implementations.
6320**
6321** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6322** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6323** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6324** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6325** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6326** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6327*/
6328struct sqlite3_vtab {
6329  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6330  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6331  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6332  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6333};
6334
6335/*
6336** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6337** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6338**
6339** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6340** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6341** [virtual table] and are used
6342** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6343** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6344** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6345** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6346** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6347** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6348**
6349** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6350** are common to all implementations.
6351*/
6352struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6353  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6354  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6355};
6356
6357/*
6358** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6359**
6360** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6361** [virtual table module] call this interface
6362** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6363** the virtual tables they implement.
6364*/
6365int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6366
6367/*
6368** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6369** METHOD: sqlite3
6370**
6371** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6372** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6373** But global versions of those functions
6374** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6375**
6376** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6377** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6378** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6379** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6380** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6381** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6382** by a [virtual table].
6383*/
6384int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6385
6386/*
6387** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6388** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6389** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6390** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6391**
6392** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6393** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6394*/
6395
6396/*
6397** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6398** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6399**
6400** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6401** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6402** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6403** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6404** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6405** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6406** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6407*/
6408typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6409
6410/*
6411** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6412** METHOD: sqlite3
6413** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6414**
6415** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6416** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6417** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6418**
6419** <pre>
6420**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6421** </pre>)^
6422**
6423** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6424** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6425** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6426** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6427** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6428**
6429** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6430** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6431** read-only access.
6432**
6433** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6434** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6435** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6436** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6437** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6438**
6439** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6440** <ul>
6441**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6442**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6443**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6444**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6445**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6446**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6447**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6448**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6449**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6450**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6451**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6452**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6453** </ul>
6454**
6455** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6456** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6457** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6458**
6459** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6460** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6461** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6462** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6463** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6464** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6465**
6466** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6467** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6468** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6469** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6470** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6471** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6472** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6473** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6474** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6475** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6476**
6477** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6478** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6479** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6480** blob.
6481**
6482** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6483** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6484** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6485**
6486** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6487** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6488**
6489** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6490** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6491** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6492*/
6493int sqlite3_blob_open(
6494  sqlite3*,
6495  const char *zDb,
6496  const char *zTable,
6497  const char *zColumn,
6498  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6499  int flags,
6500  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6501);
6502
6503/*
6504** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6505** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6506**
6507** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6508** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6509** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6510** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6511** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6512** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6513**
6514** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6515** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6516** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6517** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6518** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6519** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6520** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6521** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6522** always returns zero.
6523**
6524** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6525*/
6526int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6527
6528/*
6529** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6530** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6531**
6532** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6533** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6534** handle is still closed.)^
6535**
6536** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6537** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6538** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6539** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6540** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6541**
6542** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6543** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6544** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6545** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6546** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6547** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6548*/
6549int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6550
6551/*
6552** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6553** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6554**
6555** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6556** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6557** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6558** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6559**
6560** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6561** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6562** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6563** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6564*/
6565int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6566
6567/*
6568** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6569** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6570**
6571** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6572** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6573** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6574**
6575** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6576** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6577** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6578** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6579** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6580**
6581** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6582** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6583**
6584** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6585** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6586**
6587** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6588** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6589** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6590** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6591**
6592** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6593*/
6594int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6595
6596/*
6597** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6598** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6599**
6600** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6601** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6602** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6603**
6604** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6605** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6606** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6607** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6608** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6609**
6610** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6611** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6612** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6613**
6614** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6615** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6616** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6617** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6618** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6619** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6620** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6621**
6622** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6623** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6624** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6625** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6626** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6627** or by other independent statements.
6628**
6629** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6630** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6631** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6632** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6633**
6634** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6635*/
6636int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6637
6638/*
6639** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6640**
6641** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6642** that SQLite uses to interact
6643** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6644** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6645** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6646** The following interfaces are provided.
6647**
6648** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6649** ^Names are case sensitive.
6650** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6651** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6652** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6653**
6654** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6655** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6656** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6657** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6658** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6659** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6660** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6661** then the behavior is undefined.
6662**
6663** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6664** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6665** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6666*/
6667sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6668int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6669int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6670
6671/*
6672** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6673**
6674** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6675** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6676** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6677** permitted to use any of these routines.
6678**
6679** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6680** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6681** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6682** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6683**
6684** <ul>
6685** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6686** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6687** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6688** </ul>
6689**
6690** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6691** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6692** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6693** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6694** and Windows.
6695**
6696** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6697** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6698** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6699** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6700** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6701** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6702** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6703**
6704** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6705** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6706** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6707** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6708** integer constants:
6709**
6710** <ul>
6711** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6712** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6713** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6714** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6715** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6716** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6717** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6718** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6719** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6720** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6721** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6722** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6723** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6724** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6725** </ul>
6726**
6727** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6728** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6729** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6730** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6731** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6732** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6733** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6734** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6735** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6736** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6737**
6738** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6739** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6740** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6741** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6742** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6743** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6744** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6745** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6746**
6747** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6748** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6749** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6750** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6751** the same type number.
6752**
6753** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6754** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6755** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6756**
6757** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6758** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6759** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6760** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6761** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6762** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6763** In such cases, the
6764** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6765** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6766** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6767**
6768** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6769** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6770** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6771** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6772** behavior.)^
6773**
6774** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6775** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6776** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6777** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6778**
6779** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6780** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6781** behave as no-ops.
6782**
6783** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6784*/
6785sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6786void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6787void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6788int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6789void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6790
6791/*
6792** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6793**
6794** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6795** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6796**
6797** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6798** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6799** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6800** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6801** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6802** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6803** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6804** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6805** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6806**
6807** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6808** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6809** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6810** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6811**
6812** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6813** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6814** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6815** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6816** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6817** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6818**
6819** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6820** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6821** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6822**
6823** <ul>
6824**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6825**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6826**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6827**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6828**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6829**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6830**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6831** </ul>)^
6832**
6833** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6834** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6835** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6836** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6837** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6838** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6839** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6840**
6841** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6842** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6843** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6844** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6845**
6846** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6847** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6848** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6849** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6850**
6851** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6852** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6853** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6854** prior to returning.
6855*/
6856typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6857struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6858  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6859  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6860  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6861  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6862  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6863  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6864  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6865  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6866  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6867};
6868
6869/*
6870** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6871**
6872** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6873** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6874** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6875** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6876** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6877** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6878** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6879** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6880**
6881** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6882** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6883**
6884** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6885** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6886** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6887** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6888**
6889** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6890** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6891** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6892** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6893** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6894** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6895** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6896** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6897*/
6898#ifndef NDEBUG
6899int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6900int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6901#endif
6902
6903/*
6904** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6905**
6906** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6907** which is one of these integer constants.
6908**
6909** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6910** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6911** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6912*/
6913#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6914#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6915#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6916#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6917#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6918#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6919#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6920#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6921#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6922#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6923#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6924#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6925#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6926#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6927#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6928#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6929
6930/*
6931** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6932** METHOD: sqlite3
6933**
6934** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6935** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6936** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6937** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6938** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6939*/
6940sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6941
6942/*
6943** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6944** METHOD: sqlite3
6945**
6946** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6947** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6948** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6949** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6950** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6951** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6952** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6953** main database file.
6954** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6955** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6956** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6957** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6958**
6959** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
6960** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6961** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
6962** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6963** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6964**
6965** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6966** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6967** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6968** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6969** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6970** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6971** xFileControl method.
6972**
6973** See also: [file control opcodes]
6974*/
6975int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6976
6977/*
6978** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6979**
6980** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6981** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6982** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6983** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6984**
6985** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6986** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6987** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6988**
6989** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6990** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6991** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6992** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6993*/
6994int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6995
6996/*
6997** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6998**
6999** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7000** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7001**
7002** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7003** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7004** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7005** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7006*/
7007#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7008#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7009#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7010#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7011#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7012#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7013#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7014#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7015#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7016#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7017#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7018#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7019#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
7020#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7021#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7022#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7023#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7024#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7025#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7026#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7027#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7028#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7029#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7030#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7031#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7032
7033/*
7034** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7035**
7036** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7037** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7038** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7039** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7040** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7041** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7042** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7043** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7044** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7045** value.  For those parameters
7046** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7047** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7048** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7049**
7050** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7051** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7052**
7053** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7054** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7055** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7056**
7057** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7058*/
7059int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7060int sqlite3_status64(
7061  int op,
7062  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7063  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7064  int resetFlag
7065);
7066
7067
7068/*
7069** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7070** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7071**
7072** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7073** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7074**
7075** <dl>
7076** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7077** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7078** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7079** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7080** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7081** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7082** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7083** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7084**
7085** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7086** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7087** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7088** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7089** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7090** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7091**
7092** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7093** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7094** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7095**
7096** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7097** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7098** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7099** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7100** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7101**
7102** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7103** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7104** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7105** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7106** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7107** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7108** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7109** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7110** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7111**
7112** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7113** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7114** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7115** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7116** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7117**
7118** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7119** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7120**
7121** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7122** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7123**
7124** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7125** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7126**
7127** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7128** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7129** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7130** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7131** </dl>
7132**
7133** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7134*/
7135#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7136#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7137#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7138#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7139#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7140#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7141#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7142#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7143#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7144#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7145
7146/*
7147** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7148** METHOD: sqlite3
7149**
7150** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7151** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7152** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7153** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7154** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7155** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7156** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7157** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7158**
7159** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7160** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7161** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7162** reset back down to the current value.
7163**
7164** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7165** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7166**
7167** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7168*/
7169int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7170
7171/*
7172** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7173** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7174**
7175** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7176** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7177**
7178** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7179** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7180** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7181** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7182** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7183**
7184** <dl>
7185** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7186** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7187** checked out.</dd>)^
7188**
7189** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7190** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7191** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7192** the current value is always zero.)^
7193**
7194** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7195** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7196** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7197** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7198** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7199** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7200** the current value is always zero.)^
7201**
7202** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7203** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7204** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7205** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7206** memory already being in use.
7207** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7208** the current value is always zero.)^
7209**
7210** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7211** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7212** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7213** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7214**
7215** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7216** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7217** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7218** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7219** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7220** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7221** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7222** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7223** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7224** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7225** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7226**
7227** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7228** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7229** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7230** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7231** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7232** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7233** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7234** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7235**
7236** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7237** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7238** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7239** the database connection.)^
7240** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7241** </dd>
7242**
7243** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7244** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7245** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7246** is always 0.
7247** </dd>
7248**
7249** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7250** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7251** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7252** is always 0.
7253** </dd>
7254**
7255** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7256** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7257** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7258** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7259** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7260** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7261** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7262** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7263** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7264** </dd>
7265**
7266** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7267** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7268** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7269** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7270** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7271** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7272** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
7273** </dd>
7274**
7275** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7276** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7277** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7278** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7279** </dd>
7280** </dl>
7281*/
7282#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7283#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7284#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7285#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7286#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7287#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7288#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7289#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7290#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7291#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7292#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7293#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7294#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7295#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7296
7297
7298/*
7299** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7300** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7301**
7302** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7303** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7304** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7305** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7306** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7307** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7308** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7309** an index.
7310**
7311** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7312** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7313** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7314** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7315** to be interrogated.)^
7316** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7317** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7318** interface call returns.
7319**
7320** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7321*/
7322int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7323
7324/*
7325** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7326** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7327**
7328** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7329** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7330** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7331**
7332** <dl>
7333** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7334** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7335** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7336** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7337** careful use of indices.</dd>
7338**
7339** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7340** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7341** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7342** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7343**
7344** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7345** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7346** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7347** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7348** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7349** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7350**
7351** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7352** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7353** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7354** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7355** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7356** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7357** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7358**
7359** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7360** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7361** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7362** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7363**
7364** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7365** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7366** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7367** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7368** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7369** cycle.
7370**
7371** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7372** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7373** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7374** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7375** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7376** </dd>
7377** </dl>
7378*/
7379#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7380#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7381#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7382#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7383#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7384#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7385#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7386
7387/*
7388** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7389**
7390** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7391** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7392** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7393** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7394** to the object.
7395**
7396** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7397*/
7398typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7399
7400/*
7401** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7402**
7403** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7404** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7405** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7406** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7407**
7408** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7409*/
7410typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7411struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7412  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7413  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7414};
7415
7416/*
7417** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7418** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7419**
7420** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7421** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7422** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7423** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7424** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7425** By implementing a
7426** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7427** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7428** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7429** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7430** how long.
7431**
7432** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7433** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7434** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7435**
7436** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7437** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7438** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7439** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7440**
7441** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7442** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7443** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7444** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7445** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7446** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7447** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7448** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7449** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7450** page cache.)^
7451**
7452** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7453** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7454** It can be used to clean up
7455** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7456** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7457**
7458** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7459** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7460** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7461** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7462** in multithreaded applications.
7463**
7464** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7465** call to xShutdown().
7466**
7467** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7468** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7469** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7470** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7471** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7472** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7473** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7474** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7475** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7476** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7477** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7478** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7479** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7480** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7481** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7482** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7483** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7484** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7485** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7486** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7487** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7488** never contain any unpinned pages.
7489**
7490** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7491** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7492** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7493** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7494** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7495** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7496** value; it is advisory only.
7497**
7498** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7499** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7500** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7501**
7502** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7503** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7504** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7505** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7506** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7507** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7508** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7509** for each entry in the page cache.
7510**
7511** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7512** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7513** to be "pinned".
7514**
7515** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7516** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7517** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7518** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7519** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7520**
7521** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7522** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7523** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7524** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7525**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7526** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7527**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7528** </table>
7529**
7530** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7531** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7532** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7533** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7534** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7535**
7536** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7537** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7538** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7539** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7540** ^If the discard parameter is
7541** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7542** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7543** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7544**
7545** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7546** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7547** to xFetch().
7548**
7549** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7550** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7551** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7552** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7553** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7554** to be pinned.
7555**
7556** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7557** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7558** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7559** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7560** they can be safely discarded.
7561**
7562** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7563** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7564** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7565** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7566** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7567** functions.
7568**
7569** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7570** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7571** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7572** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7573** do their best.
7574*/
7575typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7576struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7577  int iVersion;
7578  void *pArg;
7579  int (*xInit)(void*);
7580  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7581  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7582  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7583  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7584  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7585  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7586  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7587      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7588  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7589  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7590  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7591};
7592
7593/*
7594** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7595** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7596** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7597*/
7598typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7599struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7600  void *pArg;
7601  int (*xInit)(void*);
7602  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7603  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7604  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7605  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7606  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7607  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7608  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7609  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7610  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7611};
7612
7613
7614/*
7615** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7616**
7617** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7618** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7619** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7620** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7621**
7622** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7623*/
7624typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7625
7626/*
7627** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7628**
7629** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7630** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7631** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7632**
7633** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7634**
7635** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7636** for the duration of the backup operation.
7637** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7638** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7639** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7640** preventing other database connections from
7641** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7642**
7643** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7644**   <ol>
7645**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7646**         backup,
7647**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7648**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7649**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7650**         associated with the backup operation.
7651**   </ol>)^
7652** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7653** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7654**
7655** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7656**
7657** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7658** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7659** and the database name, respectively.
7660** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7661** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7662** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7663** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7664** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7665** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7666** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7667** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7668** an error.
7669**
7670** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7671** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7672** destination database.
7673**
7674** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7675** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7676** destination [database connection] D.
7677** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7678** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7679** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7680** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7681** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7682** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7683** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7684** operation.
7685**
7686** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7687**
7688** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7689** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7690** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7691** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7692** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7693** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7694** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7695** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7696** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7697** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7698** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7699** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7700**
7701** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7702** <ol>
7703** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7704** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7705** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7706** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7707** destination and source page sizes differ.
7708** </ol>)^
7709**
7710** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7711** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7712** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7713** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7714** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7715** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7716** [database connection]
7717** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7718** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7719** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7720** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7721** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7722** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7723** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7724** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7725** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7726**
7727** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7728** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7729** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7730** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7731** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7732** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7733** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7734** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7735** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7736** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7737** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7738** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7739** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7740** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7741** updated at the same time.
7742**
7743** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7744**
7745** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7746** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7747** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7748** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7749** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7750** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7751** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7752** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7753** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7754**
7755** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7756** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7757** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7758** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7759** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7760** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7761**
7762** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7763** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7764** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7765**
7766** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7767** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7768**
7769** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7770** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7771** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7772** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7773** sqlite3_backup_step().
7774** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7775** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7776** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7777** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7778** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7779** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7780**
7781** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7782**
7783** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7784** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7785** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7786** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7787** from within other threads.
7788**
7789** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7790** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7791** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7792** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7793** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7794** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7795** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7796** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7797**
7798** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7799** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7800** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7801** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7802** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7803** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7804**
7805** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7806** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7807** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7808** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7809** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7810** possible that they return invalid values.
7811*/
7812sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7813  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7814  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7815  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7816  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7817);
7818int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7819int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7820int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7821int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7822
7823/*
7824** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7825** METHOD: sqlite3
7826**
7827** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7828** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7829** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7830** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7831** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7832** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7833** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7834** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7835**
7836** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7837**
7838** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7839** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7840**
7841** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7842** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7843** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7844** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7845** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7846** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7847** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7848** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7849** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7850** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7851**
7852** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7853** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7854** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7855** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7856** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7857**
7858** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7859** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7860** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7861** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7862**
7863** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7864** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7865** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7866** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7867** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7868** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7869** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7870** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7871**
7872** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7873** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7874** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7875**
7876** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7877** returns SQLITE_OK.
7878**
7879** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7880**
7881** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7882** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7883** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7884** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7885** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7886** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7887**
7888** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7889** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7890** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7891** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7892** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7893** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7894** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7895** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7896**
7897** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7898**
7899** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7900** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7901** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7902** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7903** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7904** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7905** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7906**
7907** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7908** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7909** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7910** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7911** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7912** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7913** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7914** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7915** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7916** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7917** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7918** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7919**
7920** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7921**
7922** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7923** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7924** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7925** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7926** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7927** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7928** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7929** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7930** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7931**
7932** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7933** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7934** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7935** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7936** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7937*/
7938int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7939  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7940  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7941  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7942);
7943
7944
7945/*
7946** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7947**
7948** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7949** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7950** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7951** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7952*/
7953int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7954int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7955
7956/*
7957** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7958*
7959** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7960** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7961** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7962** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7963** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7964** is case sensitive.
7965**
7966** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7967** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7968**
7969** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7970*/
7971int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7972
7973/*
7974** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7975*
7976** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7977** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7978** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7979** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7980** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7981** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7982** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7983** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7984** one another.
7985**
7986** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7987** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7988**
7989** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7990** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7991**
7992** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7993*/
7994int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7995
7996/*
7997** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7998**
7999** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8000** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8001** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8002** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8003**
8004** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8005** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8006** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8007** is considered bad form.
8008**
8009** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8010**
8011** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8012** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8013** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8014** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8015** buffer.
8016*/
8017void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8018
8019/*
8020** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8021** METHOD: sqlite3
8022**
8023** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8024** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8025**
8026** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8027** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8028** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8029**
8030** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8031** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8032** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8033** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8034** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8035** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8036** including those that were just committed.
8037**
8038** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8039** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8040** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8041** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8042** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8043** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8044** are undefined.
8045**
8046** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8047** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8048** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8049** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8050** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8051** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8052*/
8053void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8054  sqlite3*,
8055  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8056  void*
8057);
8058
8059/*
8060** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8061** METHOD: sqlite3
8062**
8063** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8064** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8065** to automatically [checkpoint]
8066** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8067** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8068** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8069** checkpoints entirely.
8070**
8071** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8072** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8073** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8074** configured by this function.
8075**
8076** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8077** from SQL.
8078**
8079** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8080** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8081**
8082** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8083** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8084** pages.  The use of this interface
8085** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8086** for a particular application.
8087*/
8088int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8089
8090/*
8091** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8092** METHOD: sqlite3
8093**
8094** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8095** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8096**
8097** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8098** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8099** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8100** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8101** information.
8102**
8103** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8104** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8105** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8106** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8107** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8108** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8109*/
8110int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8111
8112/*
8113** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8114** METHOD: sqlite3
8115**
8116** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8117** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8118** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8119** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8120**
8121** <dl>
8122** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8123**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8124**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8125**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8126**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8127**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8128**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8129**
8130** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8131**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8132**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8133**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8134**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8135**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8136**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8137**
8138** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8139**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8140**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8141**   [busy-handler callback])
8142**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8143**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8144**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8145**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8146**
8147** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8148**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8149**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8150**   to a successful return.
8151** </dl>
8152**
8153** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8154** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8155** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8156** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8157** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8158** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8159** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8160** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8161** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8162**
8163** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8164** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8165** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8166** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8167**
8168** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8169** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8170** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8171** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8172** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8173** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8174** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8175** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8176** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8177** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8178**
8179** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8180** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8181** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8182** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8183** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8184** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8185** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8186** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8187** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8188** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8189** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8190**
8191** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8192** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8193** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8194** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8195**
8196** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8197** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8198** sets the error information that is queried by
8199** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8200**
8201** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8202** from SQL.
8203*/
8204int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8205  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8206  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8207  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8208  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8209  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8210);
8211
8212/*
8213** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8214** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8215**
8216** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8217** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8218** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8219** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8220*/
8221#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8222#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8223#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8224#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8225
8226/*
8227** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8228**
8229** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8230** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8231** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8232**
8233** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8234** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8235**
8236** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8237** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8238** may be added in the future.
8239*/
8240int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8241
8242/*
8243** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8244**
8245** These macros define the various options to the
8246** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8247** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8248**
8249** <dl>
8250** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8251** <dd>Calls of the form
8252** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8253** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8254** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8255** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8256** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8257** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8258** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8259** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8260**
8261** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8262** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8263** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8264** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8265** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8266** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8267** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8268** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8269** had been ABORT.
8270**
8271** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8272** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8273** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8274** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8275** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8276** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8277** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8278** constraint handling.
8279** </dl>
8280*/
8281#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8282
8283/*
8284** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8285**
8286** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8287** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8288** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8289** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8290** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8291** [virtual table].
8292*/
8293int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8294
8295/*
8296** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8297**
8298** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8299** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8300** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8301** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8302** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
8303** understands as a "no-change" value.
8304**
8305** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8306** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
8307** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8308** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8309** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8310** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8311*/
8312int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8313
8314/*
8315** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8316**
8317** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8318** method of a [virtual table].
8319**
8320** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8321** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8322** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8323** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8324** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8325** constraint.
8326*/
8327SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8328
8329/*
8330** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8331** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8332**
8333** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8334** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8335** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8336**
8337** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8338** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8339** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8340*/
8341#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8342/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8343#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8344/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8345#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8346
8347/*
8348** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8349** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8350**
8351** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8352** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8353** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8354**
8355** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8356** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8357** S is finalized.
8358**
8359** <dl>
8360** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8361** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8362** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8363**
8364** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8365** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8366** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8367**
8368** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8369** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8370** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8371** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8372** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8373** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8374** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8375**
8376** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8377** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8378** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8379** used for the X-th loop.
8380**
8381** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8382** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8383** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8384** description for the X-th loop.
8385**
8386** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8387** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8388** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8389** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8390** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8391** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8392** </dl>
8393*/
8394#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8395#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8396#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8397#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8398#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8399#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8400
8401/*
8402** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8403** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8404**
8405** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8406** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8407** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8408** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8409**
8410** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8411** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8412** compile-time option.
8413**
8414** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8415** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8416** of this interface is undefined.
8417** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8418** the "pOut" parameter.
8419** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8420** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8421** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8422** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8423** points to is unchanged.
8424**
8425** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8426** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8427** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8428** that pOut points to unchanged.
8429**
8430** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8431*/
8432int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8433  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8434  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8435  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8436  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8437);
8438
8439/*
8440** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8441** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8442**
8443** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8444**
8445** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8446** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8447*/
8448void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8449
8450/*
8451** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8452**
8453** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8454** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8455** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8456** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8457** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8458** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8459** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8460** any [attached] databases.
8461**
8462** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8463** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8464** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8465** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8466** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8467** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8468** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8469** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8470**
8471** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8472** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8473** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8474**
8475** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8476**
8477** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8478** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8479*/
8480int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8481
8482/*
8483** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8484**
8485** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8486** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8487**
8488** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8489** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8490** on a database table.
8491** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8492** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8493** the previous setting.
8494** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8495** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8496** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8497** the first parameter to callbacks.
8498**
8499** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8500** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8501** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8502**
8503** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8504** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8505** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8506** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8507** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8508** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8509** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8510** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8511** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8512** databases.)^
8513** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8514** table that is being modified.
8515**
8516** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8517** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8518** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8519** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8520** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8521** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8522** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8523** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8524** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8525**
8526** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8527** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8528** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8529** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8530** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8531** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8532** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8533** behavior.
8534**
8535** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8536** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8537**
8538** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8539** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8540** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8541** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8542** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8543** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8544** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8545** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8546**
8547** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8548** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8549** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8550** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8551** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8552** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8553** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8554** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8555**
8556** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8557** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8558** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8559** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8560** triggers; and so forth.
8561**
8562** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8563*/
8564#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8565void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8566  sqlite3 *db,
8567  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8568    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8569    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8570    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8571    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8572    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8573    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8574    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8575  ),
8576  void*
8577);
8578int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8579int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8580int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8581int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8582#endif
8583
8584/*
8585** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8586**
8587** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8588** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8589** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8590** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8591** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8592** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8593*/
8594int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8595
8596/*
8597** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8598** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8599** EXPERIMENTAL
8600**
8601** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8602** database for some specific point in history.
8603**
8604** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8605** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8606** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8607** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8608** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8609** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8610** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8611**
8612** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8613** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8614** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8615** the most recent version.
8616**
8617** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8618** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8619** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8620** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8621*/
8622typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8623  unsigned char hidden[48];
8624} sqlite3_snapshot;
8625
8626/*
8627** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8628** EXPERIMENTAL
8629**
8630** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8631** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8632** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8633** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8634** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8635** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8636** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8637**
8638** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8639** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8640** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8641** in this case.
8642**
8643** <ul>
8644**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8645**
8646**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8647**
8648**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8649**        connection D.
8650**
8651**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8652**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8653**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8654**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8655**        must be written to it first.
8656** </ul>
8657**
8658** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8659** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8660** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8661**
8662** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8663** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8664** to avoid a memory leak.
8665**
8666** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8667** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8668*/
8669SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8670  sqlite3 *db,
8671  const char *zSchema,
8672  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8673);
8674
8675/*
8676** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8677** EXPERIMENTAL
8678**
8679** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8680** read transaction for schema S of
8681** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8682** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8683** recent change to the database.
8684** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8685** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8686**
8687** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8688** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8689** out of [autocommit mode].
8690** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8691** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8692** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8693** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8694** [checkpoint].
8695** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8696** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8697** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8698** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8699** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8700** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8701** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8702** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8703**
8704** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8705** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8706*/
8707SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8708  sqlite3 *db,
8709  const char *zSchema,
8710  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8711);
8712
8713/*
8714** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8715** EXPERIMENTAL
8716**
8717** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8718** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8719** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8720**
8721** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8722** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8723*/
8724SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8725
8726/*
8727** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8728** EXPERIMENTAL
8729**
8730** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8731** of two valid snapshot handles.
8732**
8733** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8734** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8735**
8736** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8737** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8738** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8739** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8740** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8741** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8742** is undefined.
8743**
8744** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8745** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8746** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8747*/
8748SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8749  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8750  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8751);
8752
8753/*
8754** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8755** EXPERIMENTAL
8756**
8757** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8758** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8759** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
8760** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
8761** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
8762** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
8763** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
8764**
8765** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
8766** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
8767** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
8768** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
8769** database.
8770**
8771** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
8772*/
8773SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8774
8775/*
8776** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
8777**
8778** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
8779** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
8780** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
8781** is written into *P.
8782**
8783** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
8784** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
8785** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
8786** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
8787**
8788** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
8789** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
8790** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
8791** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
8792** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
8793** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
8794** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
8795** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
8796** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
8797** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
8798** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
8799** values of D and S.
8800** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
8801** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contigious copy
8802** of the database exists.
8803**
8804** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
8805** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
8806** allocation error occurs.
8807**
8808** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
8809** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
8810*/
8811unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
8812  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
8813  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
8814  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
8815  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
8816);
8817
8818/*
8819** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
8820**
8821** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
8822** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
8823**
8824** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
8825** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
8826** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
8827** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
8828** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
8829** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
8830** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
8831*/
8832#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
8833
8834/*
8835** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
8836**
8837** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
8838** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
8839** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
8840** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
8841** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
8842** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
8843** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
8844** size does not exceed M bytes.
8845**
8846** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
8847** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
8848** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
8849** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
8850** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
8851**
8852** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
8853** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
8854** operation.
8855**
8856** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
8857** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
8858** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
8859**
8860** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
8861** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
8862*/
8863int sqlite3_deserialize(
8864  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
8865  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
8866  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
8867  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
8868  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
8869  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
8870);
8871
8872/*
8873** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
8874**
8875** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
8876** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
8877**
8878** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
8879** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
8880** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
8881** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
8882** is resposible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
8883**
8884** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
8885** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
8886** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
8887** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
8888** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
8889**
8890** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
8891** should be treated as read-only.
8892*/
8893#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
8894#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
8895#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
8896
8897/*
8898** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8899** builds on processors without floating point support.
8900*/
8901#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8902# undef double
8903#endif
8904
8905#ifdef __cplusplus
8906}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8907#endif
8908#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8909