xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision f2fcd075)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces (such as
218** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
219** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
220** sqlite3 object.
221*/
222typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
223
224/*
225** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
226** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
227**
228** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
229** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
230**
231** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
232** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
233** compatibility only.
234**
235** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
236** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
237** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
238** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
239*/
240#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
241  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
242  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
243#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
244  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
245  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
246#else
247  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
248  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
249#endif
250typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
251typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
252
253/*
254** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
255** substitute integer for floating-point.
256*/
257#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
258# define double sqlite3_int64
259#endif
260
261/*
262** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
263**
264** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
265** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
266** successfully destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
267**
268** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
269** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
270** the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
271** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
272** outstanding [prepared statements] or [BLOB handles], then it returns
273** SQLITE_BUSY.
274**
275** ^If [sqlite3_close()] is invoked while a transaction is open,
276** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
277**
278** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] must be either a NULL
279** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
280** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
281** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
282** ^Calling sqlite3_close() with a NULL pointer argument is a
283** harmless no-op.
284*/
285int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);
286
287/*
288** The type for a callback function.
289** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
290** compatibility and is not documented.
291*/
292typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
293
294/*
295** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
296**
297** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
298** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
299** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
300** without having to use a lot of C code.
301**
302** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
303** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
304** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
305** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
306** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
307** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
308** to sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
309** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
310** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
311** ignored.
312**
313** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
314** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
315** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
316** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
317** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
318** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
319** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
320** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
321** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
322** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
323** NULL before returning.
324**
325** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
326** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
327** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
328**
329** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
330** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
331** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
332** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
333** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
334** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
335** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
336** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
337** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
338**
339** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
340** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
341** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
342** is not changed.
343**
344** Restrictions:
345**
346** <ul>
347** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
348**      is a valid and open [database connection].
349** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
350**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
351** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
352**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
353** </ul>
354*/
355int sqlite3_exec(
356  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
357  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
358  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
359  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
360  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
361);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
365** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
366** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
367**
368** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
369** here in order to indicates success or failure.
370**
371** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
372**
373** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
374*/
375#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
376/* beginning-of-error-codes */
377#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
378#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
379#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
380#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
381#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
382#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
383#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
384#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
385#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
386#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
387#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
388#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* NOT USED. Table or record not found */
389#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
390#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
391#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
392#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
393#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
394#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
395#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
396#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
397#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
398#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
399#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
400#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
401#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
402#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
403#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
404#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
405/* end-of-error-codes */
406
407/*
408** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
409** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
410** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
411**
412** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
413** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
414** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
415** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
416** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
417** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
418** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
419** on a per database connection basis using the
420** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
421**
422** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
423** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
424** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
425** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
426**
427** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
428** be exactly zero.
429*/
430#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
431#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
432#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
433#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
434#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
435#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
436#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
437#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
438#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
439#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
440#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
441#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
442#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
450#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
451#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
452#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
453
454/*
455** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
456**
457** These bit values are intended for use in the
458** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
459** in the 4th parameter to the xOpen method of the
460** [sqlite3_vfs] object.
461*/
462#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
463#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
464#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
465#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
466#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
467#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
468#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
469#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
470#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
471#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
472#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
473#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
474#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
475#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
476#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
477#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
478#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
479#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
480
481/*
482** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
483**
484** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
485** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
486** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
487** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
488** refers to.
489**
490** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
491** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
492** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
493** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
494** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
495** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
496** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
497** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
498** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
499** to xWrite().
500*/
501#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
502#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
503#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
504#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
505#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
506#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
507#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
508#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
509#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
510#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
511#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
512#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
513
514/*
515** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
516**
517** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
518** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
519** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
520*/
521#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
522#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
523#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
524#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
525#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
526
527/*
528** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
529**
530** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
531** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
532** these integer values as the second argument.
533**
534** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
535** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
536** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
537** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
538** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
539** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
540*/
541#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
542#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
543#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
544
545/*
546** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
547**
548** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
549** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
550** implementations will
551** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
552** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
553** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
554** I/O operations on the open file.
555*/
556typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
557struct sqlite3_file {
558  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
559};
560
561/*
562** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
563**
564** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method populates an
565** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
566** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
567** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
568** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
569**
570** If the xOpen method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
571** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
572** may be invoked even if the xOpen reported that it failed.  The
573** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed xOpen
574** is for the xOpen to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element to NULL.
575**
576** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
577** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
578** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
579** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
580** and not its inode needs to be synced.
581**
582** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
583** <ul>
584** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
585** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
586** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
587** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
588** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
589** </ul>
590** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
591** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
592** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
593** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
594** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
595**
596** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
597** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
598** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
599** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
600** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
601** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
602** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
603** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
604** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
605** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
606** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
607** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
608** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.
609**
610** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
611** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
612** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
613** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
614** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
615** underlying device:
616**
617** <ul>
618** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
619** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
620** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
621** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
622** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
623** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
624** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
625** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
626** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
627** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
628** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
629** </ul>
630**
631** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
632** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
633** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
634** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
635** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
636** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
637** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
638** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
639** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
640** to xWrite().
641**
642** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
643** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
644** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
645** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
646** database corruption.
647*/
648typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
649struct sqlite3_io_methods {
650  int iVersion;
651  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
652  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
653  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
654  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
655  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
656  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
657  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
658  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
659  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
660  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
661  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
662  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
663  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
664  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
665  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
666  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
667  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
668  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
669  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
670};
671
672/*
673** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
674**
675** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
676** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
677** interface.
678**
679** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
680** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
681** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
682** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
683** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
684** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
685** is defined.
686**
687** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
688** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
689** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
690** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
691** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
692** file run faster.
693**
694** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
695** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
696** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
697** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
698** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
699** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
700** improve performance on some systems.
701*/
702#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
703#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
704#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
705#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
706#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT        5
707#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE       6
708
709/*
710** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
711**
712** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
713** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
714** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
715** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
716**
717** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
718*/
719typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
720
721/*
722** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
723**
724** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
725** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
726** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
727**
728** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
729** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
730** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
731** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
732** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
733** modified.
734**
735** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
736** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
737** a pathname in this VFS.
738**
739** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
740** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
741** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
742** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
743** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
744** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
745**
746** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
747** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
748** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
749** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
750** object once the object has been registered.
751**
752** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
753** be unique across all VFS modules.
754**
755** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
756** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
757** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
758** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
759** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
760** 10 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
761** ^SQLite further guarantees that
762** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
763** called. Because of the previous sentence,
764** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
765** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
766** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
767** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
768** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
769** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
770**
771** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
772** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
773** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
774** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
775** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
776** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
777**
778** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
779** call, depending on the object being opened:
780**
781** <ul>
782** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
783** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
784** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
785** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
786** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
787** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
788** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
789** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
790** </ul>)^
791**
792** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
793** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
794** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
795** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
796** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
797** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
798** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
799** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
800**
801** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
802**
803** <ul>
804** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
805** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
806** </ul>
807**
808** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
809** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
810** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
811** databases, and subjournals.
812**
813** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
814** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
815** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
816** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
817** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
818** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
819** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
820** for exclusive access.
821**
822** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
823** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
824** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
825** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
826** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
827** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
828** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
829** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
830** or failure of the xOpen call.
831**
832** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
833** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
834** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
835** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
836** directory.
837**
838** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
839** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
840** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
841** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
842** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
843** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
844**
845** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
846** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
847** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
848** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
849** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
850** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
851** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
852** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
853** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
854** a floating point value.
855** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
856** Day Number multipled by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
857** a 24-hour day).
858** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
859** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
860** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
861** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
862*/
863typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
864struct sqlite3_vfs {
865  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 2) */
866  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
867  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
868  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
869  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
870  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
871  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
872               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
873  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
874  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
875  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
876  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
877  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
878  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
879  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
880  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
881  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
882  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
883  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
884  /*
885  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
886  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
887  */
888  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
889  /*
890  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
891  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
892  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
893  */
894};
895
896/*
897** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
898**
899** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
900** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
901** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
902** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
903** simply checks whether the file exists.
904** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
905** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
906** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
907** the directory).
908** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
909** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
910** release of SQLite.
911** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
912** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
913** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
914** SQLite.
915*/
916#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
917#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
918#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
919
920/*
921** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
922**
923** These integer constants define the various locking operations
924** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
925** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
926** xShmLock method:
927**
928** <ul>
929** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
930** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
931** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
932** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
933** </ul>
934**
935** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
936** was given no the corresponding lock.
937**
938** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
939** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
940** and EXCLUSIVE.
941*/
942#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
943#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
944#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
945#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
946
947/*
948** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
949**
950** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
951** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
952** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
953** lock outside of this range
954*/
955#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
956
957
958/*
959** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
960**
961** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
962** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
963** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
964** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
965** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
966** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
967**
968** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
969** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
970** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
971** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
972** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
973** are harmless no-ops.)^
974**
975** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
976** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
977** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
978** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
979**
980** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
981** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
982** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
983** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
984** sqlite3_shutdown().
985**
986** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
987** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
988** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
989**
990** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
991** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
992** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
993** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
994**
995** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
996** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
997** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
998** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
999** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1000** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1001** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1002** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1003** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1004** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1005** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1006** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1007** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1008** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1009**
1010** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1011** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1012** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1013** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1014** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1015** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1016** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1017**
1018** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1019** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1020** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1021** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1022** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1023** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1024** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1025** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1026** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1027** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1028** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1029** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1030** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1031** failure.
1032*/
1033int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1034int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1035int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1036int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1037
1038/*
1039** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1040**
1041** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1042** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1043** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1044** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1045** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1046**
1047** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1048** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1049** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1050** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1051** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1052** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1053** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1054** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1055** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1056**
1057** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1058** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option] that determines
1059** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1060** vary depending on the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD | configuration option]
1061** in the first argument.
1062**
1063** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1064** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1065** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1066*/
1067int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1068
1069/*
1070** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1071**
1072** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1073** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1074** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1075** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).  The
1076** sqlite3_db_config() interface should only be used immediately after
1077** the database connection is created using [sqlite3_open()],
1078** [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
1079**
1080** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1081** configuration verb - an integer code that indicates what
1082** aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1083** The only choice for this value is [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE].
1084** New verbs are likely to be added in future releases of SQLite.
1085** Additional arguments depend on the verb.
1086**
1087** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1088** the call is considered successful.
1089*/
1090int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1091
1092/*
1093** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1094**
1095** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1096** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1097**
1098** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1099** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1100** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1101** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1102** By creating an instance of this object
1103** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1104** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1105** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1106** dynamic memory needs.
1107**
1108** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1109** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1110** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1111** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1112** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1113** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1114** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1115** conditions.
1116**
1117** The xMalloc and xFree methods must work like the
1118** malloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1119** The xRealloc method must work like realloc() from the standard C library
1120** with the exception that if the second argument to xRealloc is zero,
1121** xRealloc must be a no-op - it must not perform any allocation or
1122** deallocation.  ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1123** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1124** And so in cases where xRoundup always returns a positive number,
1125** xRealloc can perform exactly as the standard library realloc() and
1126** still be in compliance with this specification.
1127**
1128** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1129** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1130** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1131**
1132** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1133** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1134** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1135** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1136** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1137** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1138** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1139**
1140** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1141** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1142** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1143** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1144** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1145** xInit and xShutdown.
1146**
1147** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1148** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1149** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1150** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1151** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1152** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1153** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1154** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1155** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1156** serialization.
1157**
1158** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1159** call to xShutdown().
1160*/
1161typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1162struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1163  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1164  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1165  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1166  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1167  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1168  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1169  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1170  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1171};
1172
1173/*
1174** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1175**
1176** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1177** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1178**
1179** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1180** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1181** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1182** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1183** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1184** is invoked.
1185**
1186** <dl>
1187** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1188** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1189** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1190** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1191** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1192** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1193** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1194** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1195** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1196** configuration option.</dd>
1197**
1198** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1199** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1200** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1201** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1202** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1203** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1204** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1205** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1206** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1207** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1208** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1209** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1210** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1211**
1212** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1213** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1214** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1215** all mutexes including the recursive
1216** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1217** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1218** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1219** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1220** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1221** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1222** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1223** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1224** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1225** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1226** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1227**
1228** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1229** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1230** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1231** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1232** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1233** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1234** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1235**
1236** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1237** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1238** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1239** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1240** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1241** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1242** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1243**
1244** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1245** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1246** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1247** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1248** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1249**   <ul>
1250**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1251**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1252**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1253**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1254**   </ul>)^
1255** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1256** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1257** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1258** </dd>
1259**
1260** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1261** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1262** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1263** aligned memory buffer from which the scrach allocations will be
1264** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1265** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1266** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1267** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1268** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1269** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1270** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1271** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1272** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1273** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1274** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1275**
1276** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1277** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1278** the database page cache with the default page cache implemenation.
1279** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1280** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE option.
1281** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1282** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1283** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1284** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1285** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1286** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1287** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1288** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1289** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1290** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1291** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1292** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1293** The pointer in the first argument must
1294** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1295** will be undefined.</dd>
1296**
1297** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1298** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1299** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1300** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1301** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1302** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1303** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1304** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1305** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1306** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1307** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1308** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1309** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1310** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.</dd>
1311**
1312** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1313** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1314** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1315** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1316** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1317** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1318** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1319** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1320** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1321** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1322** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1323**
1324** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1325** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1326** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1327** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1328** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1329** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1330** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1331** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1332** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1333** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1334** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1335** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1336**
1337** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1338** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1339** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1340** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1341** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1342** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1343** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1344** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1345** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1346**
1347** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</dt>
1348** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1349** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  This object specifies the interface
1350** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1351** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1352**
1353** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</dt>
1354** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1355** [sqlite3_pcache_methods] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1356** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1357**
1358** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1359** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1360** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1361** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1362** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1363** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1364** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1365** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1366** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1367** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1368** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1369** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1370** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1371** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1372** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1373** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1374** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1375**
1376** </dl>
1377*/
1378#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1379#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1380#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1381#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1382#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1383#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1384#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1385#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1386#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1387#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1388#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1389/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1390#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1391#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
1392#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods* */
1393#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1394
1395/*
1396** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1397**
1398** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1399** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1400**
1401** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1402** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1403** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1404** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1405** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1406** is invoked.
1407**
1408** <dl>
1409** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1410** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1411** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1412** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1413** pointer to an memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1414** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1415** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1416** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1417** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1418** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1419** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1420** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1421** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1422** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1423** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1424** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1425** when the "current value" returned by
1426** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1427** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1428** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1429** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1430**
1431** </dl>
1432*/
1433#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE    1001  /* void* int int */
1434
1435
1436/*
1437** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1438**
1439** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1440** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1441** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1442*/
1443int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1444
1445/*
1446** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1447**
1448** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1449** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1450** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1451** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1452** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1453** is another alias for the rowid.
1454**
1455** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1456** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1457** in the first argument.  ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1458** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1459**
1460** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger, then the [rowid] of the inserted
1461** row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger is running.
1462** But once the trigger terminates, the value returned by this routine
1463** reverts to the last value inserted before the trigger fired.)^
1464**
1465** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1466** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1467** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1468** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1469** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1470** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1471** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1472** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1473** the return value of this interface.)^
1474**
1475** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1476** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1477**
1478** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1479** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1480**
1481** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1482** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1483** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1484** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1485** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1486** last insert [rowid].
1487*/
1488sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1489
1490/*
1491** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1492**
1493** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1494** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1495** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1496** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1497** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1498** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1499** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1500** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1501**
1502** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1503** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1504**
1505** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1506** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1507** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1508** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1509** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1510**
1511** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1512** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1513** Most SQL statements are
1514** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1515** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1516** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1517** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1518**
1519** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1520** not create a new trigger context.
1521**
1522** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1523** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1524** trigger context.
1525**
1526** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1527** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1528** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1529** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1530** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1531** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1532** However, the number returned does not include changes
1533** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1534**
1535** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1536** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1537**
1538** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1539** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1540** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1541*/
1542int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1543
1544/*
1545** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1546**
1547** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1548** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1549** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1550** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1551** [foreign key actions]. However,
1552** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1553** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1554** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1555** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1556** are counted.)^
1557** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1558** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1559** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1560**
1561** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1562** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1563**
1564** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1565** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1566** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1567*/
1568int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1569
1570/*
1571** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1572**
1573** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1574** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1575** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1576** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1577** immediately.
1578**
1579** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1580** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1581** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1582** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1583**
1584** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1585** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1586** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1587**
1588** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1589** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1590** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1591** will be rolled back automatically.
1592**
1593** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1594** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1595** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1596** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1597** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1598** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1599** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1600** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1601** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1602** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1603**
1604** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1605** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1606*/
1607void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1608
1609/*
1610** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1611**
1612** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1613** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1614** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1615** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1616** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1617** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1618** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1619** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1620** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1621** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1622** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1623**
1624** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1625** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1626**
1627** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1628** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1629**
1630** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1631** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1632** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1633** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1634** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1635**
1636** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1637** UTF-8 string.
1638**
1639** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1640** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1641*/
1642int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1643int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1644
1645/*
1646** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1647**
1648** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1649** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1650** or process has locked.
1651**
1652** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1653** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1654** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1655**
1656** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1657** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1658** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1659** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1660** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1661** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1662** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1663** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1664**
1665** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1666** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1667** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1668** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1669** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1670** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1671** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1672** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1673** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1674** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1675** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1676** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1677** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1678** the second process to proceed.
1679**
1680** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1681**
1682** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1683** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1684** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1685** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1686** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1687** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1688** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1689** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1690** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1691** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1692** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1693** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1694** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1695** this is important.
1696**
1697** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1698** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1699** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1700** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1701**
1702** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1703** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1704** result in undefined behavior.
1705**
1706** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1707** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1708*/
1709int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1710
1711/*
1712** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1713**
1714** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1715** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1716** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1717** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1718** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1719** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1720**
1721** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1722** turns off all busy handlers.
1723**
1724** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1725** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1726** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1727** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1728*/
1729int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1730
1731/*
1732** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1733**
1734** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1735** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1736** complete query results from one or more queries.
1737**
1738** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1739** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1740** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1741** and M be the number of columns.
1742**
1743** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1744** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1745** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1746** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1747** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1748** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
1749**
1750** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
1751** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1752** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1753**
1754** As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1755** is as follows:
1756**
1757** <blockquote><pre>
1758**        Name        | Age
1759**        -----------------------
1760**        Alice       | 43
1761**        Bob         | 28
1762**        Cindy       | 21
1763** </pre></blockquote>
1764**
1765** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1766** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1767** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1768**
1769** <blockquote><pre>
1770**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1771**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1772**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1773**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1774**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
1775**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
1776**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
1777**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
1778** </pre></blockquote>
1779**
1780** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
1781** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
1782** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
1783** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
1784**
1785** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
1786** it should pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
1787** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
1788** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
1789** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
1790** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
1791**
1792** ^(The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
1793** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
1794** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
1795** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
1796** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
1797** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
1798** [sqlite3_errmsg()].)^
1799*/
1800int sqlite3_get_table(
1801  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
1802  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
1803  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
1804  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
1805  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
1806  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
1807);
1808void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
1809
1810/*
1811** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
1812**
1813** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
1814** from the standard C library.
1815**
1816** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
1817** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
1818** The strings returned by these two routines should be
1819** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
1820** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
1821** memory to hold the resulting string.
1822**
1823** ^(In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
1824** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
1825** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
1826** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
1827** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
1828** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
1829** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
1830** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
1831** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
1832** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
1833** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
1834** now without breaking compatibility.
1835**
1836** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
1837** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
1838** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
1839** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
1840** written will be n-1 characters.
1841**
1842** These routines all implement some additional formatting
1843** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
1844** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
1845** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
1846**
1847** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
1848** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
1849** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
1850** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
1851** the string.
1852**
1853** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
1854**
1855** <blockquote><pre>
1856**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
1857** </pre></blockquote>
1858**
1859** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
1860**
1861** <blockquote><pre>
1862**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
1863**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
1864**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
1865** </pre></blockquote>
1866**
1867** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
1868** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
1869**
1870** <blockquote><pre>
1871**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
1872** </pre></blockquote>
1873**
1874** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
1875** would have looked like this:
1876**
1877** <blockquote><pre>
1878**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
1879** </pre></blockquote>
1880**
1881** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
1882** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
1883**
1884** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
1885** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
1886** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
1887** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
1888**
1889** <blockquote><pre>
1890**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
1891**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
1892**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
1893** </pre></blockquote>
1894**
1895** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
1896** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
1897**
1898** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
1899** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
1900** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
1901*/
1902char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
1903char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
1904char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
1905
1906/*
1907** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
1908**
1909** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
1910** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
1911** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
1912** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
1913**
1914** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
1915** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
1916** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
1917** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
1918** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
1919** a NULL pointer.
1920**
1921** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
1922** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
1923** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
1924** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
1925** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
1926** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
1927** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
1928** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
1929** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
1930** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
1931**
1932** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
1933** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
1934** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
1935** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
1936** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
1937** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
1938** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
1939** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
1940** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
1941** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
1942** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
1943** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
1944** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
1945** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
1946** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
1947** is not freed.
1948**
1949** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
1950** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
1951** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
1952** option is used.
1953**
1954** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
1955** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
1956** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
1957** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
1958**
1959** The Windows OS interface layer calls
1960** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
1961** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
1962** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
1963** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
1964** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
1965** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
1966**
1967** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
1968** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
1969** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
1970** not yet been released.
1971**
1972** The application must not read or write any part of
1973** a block of memory after it has been released using
1974** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
1975*/
1976void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
1977void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
1978void sqlite3_free(void*);
1979
1980/*
1981** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
1982**
1983** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
1984** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
1985** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
1986**
1987** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
1988** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
1989** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
1990** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
1991** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
1992** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
1993** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
1994** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
1995** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
1996**
1997** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
1998** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
1999** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2000** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2001** prior to the reset.
2002*/
2003sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2004sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2005
2006/*
2007** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2008**
2009** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2010** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2011** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2012** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2013** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2014**
2015** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2016**
2017** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2018** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2019** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2020** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2021** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2022** method.
2023*/
2024void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2025
2026/*
2027** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2028**
2029** ^This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
2030** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2031** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2032** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2033** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2034** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2035** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2036** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2037** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2038** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2039** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2040** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2041** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2042** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2043** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2044**
2045** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2046** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2047** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2048** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2049** access is denied.
2050**
2051** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2052** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2053** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2054** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2055** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2056** details about the action to be authorized.
2057**
2058** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2059** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2060** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2061** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2062** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2063** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2064** columns of a table.
2065** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2066** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2067** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2068**
2069** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2070** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2071** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2072** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2073** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2074** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2075** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2076** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2077** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2078** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2079**
2080** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2081** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2082** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2083** in addition to using an authorizer.
2084**
2085** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2086** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2087** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2088** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2089**
2090** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2091** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2092** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2093** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2094**
2095** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2096** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2097** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2098** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2099**
2100** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2101** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2102** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2103** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2104** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2105*/
2106int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2107  sqlite3*,
2108  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2109  void *pUserData
2110);
2111
2112/*
2113** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2114**
2115** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2116** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2117** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2118** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2119** information.
2120*/
2121#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2122#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2123
2124/*
2125** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2126**
2127** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2128** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2129** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2130** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2131** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2132**
2133** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2134** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2135** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2136** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2137** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2138** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2139** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2140** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2141** top-level SQL code.
2142*/
2143/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2144#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2145#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2146#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2147#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2148#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2149#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2150#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2151#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2152#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2153#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2154#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2155#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2156#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2157#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2158#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2159#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2160#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2161#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2162#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2163#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2164#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2165#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2166#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2167#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2168#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2169#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2170#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2171#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2172#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2173#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2174#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2175#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2176#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2177
2178/*
2179** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2180**
2181** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2182** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2183**
2184** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2185** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2186** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2187** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2188** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2189** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2190** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2191**
2192** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2193** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2194** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2195** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2196** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2197** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2198** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2199** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2200** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2201** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2202*/
2203void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2204SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2205   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2206
2207/*
2208** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2209**
2210** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2211** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2212** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2213** database connection D.  An example use for this
2214** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2215**
2216** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2217** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2218** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2219** invocations of the callback X.
2220**
2221** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2222** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2223** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2224** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2225** than 1.
2226**
2227** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2228** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2229** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2230**
2231** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2232** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2233** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2234** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2235**
2236*/
2237void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2238
2239/*
2240** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2241**
2242** ^These routines open an SQLite database file whose name is given by the
2243** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2244** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2245** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2246** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2247** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2248** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2249** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2250** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2251** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2252** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2253** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2254**
2255** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2256** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2257** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2258**
2259** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2260** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2261** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2262**
2263** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2264** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2265** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2266** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2267** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2268** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2269** and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flags:)^
2270**
2271** <dl>
2272** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2273** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2274** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2275**
2276** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2277** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2278** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2279** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2280**
2281** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2282** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is creates it if
2283** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2284** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2285** </dl>
2286**
2287** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2288** combinations shown above or one of the combinations shown above combined
2289** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX],
2290** [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flags,
2291** then the behavior is undefined.
2292**
2293** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2294** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2295** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2296** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2297** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2298** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2299** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2300** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2301** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2302** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2303** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2304**
2305** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2306** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2307** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2308** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2309** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2310** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2311** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2312**
2313** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2314** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2315** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2316**
2317** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2318** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2319** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2320** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2321**
2322** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2323** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2324** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2325** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2326** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2327*/
2328int sqlite3_open(
2329  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2330  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2331);
2332int sqlite3_open16(
2333  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2334  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2335);
2336int sqlite3_open_v2(
2337  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2338  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2339  int flags,              /* Flags */
2340  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2341);
2342
2343/*
2344** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2345**
2346** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2347** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2348** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2349** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2350** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2351** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2352** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2353** disabled.
2354**
2355** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2356** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2357** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2358** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2359** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2360** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2361**
2362** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2363** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2364** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2365** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2366** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2367** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2368** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2369** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2370** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2371**
2372** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2373** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2374** error code and message may or may not be set.
2375*/
2376int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2377int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2378const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2379const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2380
2381/*
2382** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2383** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2384**
2385** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2386** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2387** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2388**
2389** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2390**
2391** <ol>
2392** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2393**      function.
2394** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2395**      interfaces.
2396** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2397** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2398**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2399** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2400** </ol>
2401**
2402** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2403** information.
2404*/
2405typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2406
2407/*
2408** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2409**
2410** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2411** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2412** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2413** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2414** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2415** new limit for that construct.)^
2416**
2417** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2418** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2419** [limits | hard upper bound]
2420** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2421** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2422** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2423** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2424** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2425**
2426** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2427** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2428** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2429** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2430**
2431** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2432** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2433** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2434** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2435** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2436** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2437** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2438** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2439** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2440** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2441** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2442** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2443**
2444** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2445*/
2446int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2447
2448/*
2449** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2450** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2451**
2452** These constants define various performance limits
2453** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2454** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2455** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2456**
2457** <dl>
2458** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2459** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2460**
2461** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2462** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2463**
2464** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2465** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2466** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2467** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2468**
2469** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2470** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2471**
2472** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2473** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2474**
2475** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2476** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2477** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2478** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2479** SQLite.</dd>)^
2480**
2481** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2482** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2483**
2484** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2485** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2486**
2487** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2488** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2489** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2490**
2491** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2492** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2493**
2494** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2495** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2496** </dl>
2497*/
2498#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2499#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2500#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2501#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2502#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2503#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2504#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2505#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2506#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2507#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2508#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2509
2510/*
2511** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2512** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2513**
2514** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2515** program using one of these routines.
2516**
2517** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2518** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2519** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2520**
2521** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2522** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2523** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2524** use UTF-16.
2525**
2526** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2527** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2528** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2529** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2530** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2531** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2532** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2533** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2534** the nul-terminator bytes.
2535**
2536** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2537** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2538** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2539** what remains uncompiled.
2540**
2541** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2542** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2543** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2544** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2545** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2546** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2547** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2548**
2549** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2550** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2551**
2552** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2553** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2554** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2555** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2556** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2557** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2558** behave differently in three ways:
2559**
2560** <ol>
2561** <li>
2562** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2563** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2564** statement and try to run it again.
2565** </li>
2566**
2567** <li>
2568** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2569** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
2570** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2571** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
2572** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2573** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2574** </li>
2575**
2576** <li>
2577** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
2578** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
2579** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
2580** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
2581** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
2582** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
2583** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
2584** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
2585** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2] compile-time option is enabled.
2586** the
2587** </li>
2588** </ol>
2589*/
2590int sqlite3_prepare(
2591  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2592  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2593  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2594  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2595  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2596);
2597int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2598  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2599  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2600  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2601  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2602  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2603);
2604int sqlite3_prepare16(
2605  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2606  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2607  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2608  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2609  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2610);
2611int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2612  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2613  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2614  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2615  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2616  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2617);
2618
2619/*
2620** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
2621**
2622** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
2623** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
2624** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2625*/
2626const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2627
2628/*
2629** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
2630** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
2631**
2632** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
2633** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
2634** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
2635** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
2636**
2637** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
2638** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
2639** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
2640** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
2641** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
2642**
2643** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
2644** a mutex is held.  A internal mutex is held for a protected
2645** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
2646** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
2647** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
2648** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
2649** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
2650** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
2651** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
2652** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
2653** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
2654** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
2655**
2656** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
2657** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
2658** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
2659** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
2660** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
2661** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
2662** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
2663** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
2664*/
2665typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
2666
2667/*
2668** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
2669**
2670** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
2671** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
2672** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
2673** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
2674** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
2675** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
2676** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
2677** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
2678*/
2679typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
2680
2681/*
2682** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
2683** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
2684** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
2685**
2686** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
2687** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
2688** templates:
2689**
2690** <ul>
2691** <li>  ?
2692** <li>  ?NNN
2693** <li>  :VVV
2694** <li>  @VVV
2695** <li>  $VVV
2696** </ul>
2697**
2698** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
2699** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
2700** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
2701** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
2702**
2703** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
2704** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
2705** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
2706**
2707** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
2708** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
2709** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
2710** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
2711** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
2712** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
2713** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
2714** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
2715** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
2716**
2717** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
2718**
2719** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
2720** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
2721** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
2722** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
2723** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
2724**
2725** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
2726** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
2727** string after SQLite has finished with it. ^If the fifth argument is
2728** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
2729** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
2730** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
2731** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
2732** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
2733**
2734** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
2735** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
2736** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
2737** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
2738** content is later written using
2739** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
2740** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
2741**
2742** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
2743** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
2744** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
2745** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
2746** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
2747** result is undefined and probably harmful.
2748**
2749** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
2750** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
2751**
2752** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
2753** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
2754** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
2755** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
2756**
2757** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
2758** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2759*/
2760int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
2761int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
2762int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
2763int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
2764int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
2765int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
2766int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
2767int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
2768int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
2769
2770/*
2771** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
2772**
2773** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
2774** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
2775** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
2776** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
2777** to the parameters at a later time.
2778**
2779** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
2780** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
2781** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
2782** there may be gaps in the list.)^
2783**
2784** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2785** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
2786** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2787*/
2788int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
2789
2790/*
2791** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
2792**
2793** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
2794** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
2795** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
2796** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
2797** respectively.
2798** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
2799** is included as part of the name.)^
2800** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
2801** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
2802**
2803** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
2804**
2805** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
2806** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
2807** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
2808** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
2809** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2810**
2811** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2812** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
2813** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2814*/
2815const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
2816
2817/*
2818** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
2819**
2820** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
2821** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
2822** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
2823** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
2824** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
2825** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
2826**
2827** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
2828** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
2829** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
2830*/
2831int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
2832
2833/*
2834** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
2835**
2836** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
2837** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
2838** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
2839*/
2840int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
2841
2842/*
2843** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
2844**
2845** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
2846** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
2847** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
2848**
2849** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
2850*/
2851int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
2852
2853/*
2854** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
2855**
2856** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
2857** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
2858** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
2859** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
2860** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
2861** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
2862** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
2863**
2864** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
2865** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the next call to
2866** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
2867**
2868** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
2869** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
2870** NULL pointer is returned.
2871**
2872** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
2873** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
2874** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
2875** one release of SQLite to the next.
2876*/
2877const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
2878const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
2879
2880/*
2881** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
2882**
2883** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
2884** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
2885** [SELECT] statement.
2886** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
2887** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
2888** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
2889** the origin_ routines return the column name.
2890** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
2891** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
2892** again in a different encoding.
2893**
2894** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
2895** database, table, and column.
2896**
2897** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
2898** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
2899** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
2900** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
2901**
2902** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
2903** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
2904** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
2905** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
2906** or column that query result column was extracted from.
2907**
2908** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
2909** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
2910**
2911** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
2912** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
2913**
2914** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
2915** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
2916** undefined.
2917**
2918** If two or more threads call one or more
2919** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
2920** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
2921** at the same time then the results are undefined.
2922*/
2923const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2924const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2925const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2926const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2927const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2928const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2929
2930/*
2931** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
2932**
2933** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
2934** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
2935** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
2936** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
2937** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
2938** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
2939** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
2940**
2941** ^(For example, given the database schema:
2942**
2943** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
2944**
2945** and the following statement to be compiled:
2946**
2947** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
2948**
2949** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
2950** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
2951**
2952** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
2953** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
2954** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
2955** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
2956** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
2957** used to hold those values.
2958*/
2959const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2960const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
2961
2962/*
2963** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
2964**
2965** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
2966** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
2967** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
2968** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
2969**
2970** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
2971** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
2972** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
2973** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
2974** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
2975** interface will continue to be supported.
2976**
2977** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
2978** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
2979** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
2980** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
2981**
2982** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
2983** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
2984** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
2985** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within a
2986** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
2987** continuing.
2988**
2989** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
2990** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
2991** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
2992** machine back to its initial state.
2993**
2994** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
2995** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
2996** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
2997** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
2998**
2999** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3000** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3001** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3002** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3003** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3004** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3005** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3006** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3007**
3008** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3009** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3010** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3011** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3012** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3013** more threads at the same moment in time.
3014**
3015** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, it was required
3016** after sqlite3_step() returned anything other than [SQLITE_ROW] that
3017** [sqlite3_reset()] be called before any subsequent invocation of
3018** sqlite3_step().  Failure to invoke [sqlite3_reset()] in this way would
3019** result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from sqlite3_step().  But after
3020** version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began calling [sqlite3_reset()]
3021** automatically in this circumstance rather than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3022**
3023** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3024** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3025** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3026** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3027** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3028** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3029** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3030** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3031** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3032** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3033** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3034*/
3035int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3036
3037/*
3038** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3039**
3040** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3041** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3042** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3043** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3044** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3045** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3046**
3047** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3048*/
3049int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3050
3051/*
3052** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3053** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3054**
3055** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3056**
3057** <ul>
3058** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3059** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3060** <li> string
3061** <li> BLOB
3062** <li> NULL
3063** </ul>)^
3064**
3065** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3066**
3067** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3068** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3069** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3070** SQLITE_TEXT.
3071*/
3072#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3073#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3074#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3075#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3076#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3077# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3078#else
3079# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3080#endif
3081#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3082
3083/*
3084** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3085** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3086**
3087** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3088**
3089** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3090** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3091** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3092** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3093** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3094** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3095** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3096** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3097**
3098** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3099** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3100** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3101** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3102** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3103** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3104** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3105** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3106** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3107** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3108** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3109**
3110** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3111** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3112** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3113** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3114** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3115** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3116** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3117** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3118** following a type conversion.
3119**
3120** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3121** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3122** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3123** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3124** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3125** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3126** the number of bytes in that string.
3127** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3128**
3129** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3130** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3131** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3132** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3133** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3134** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3135** the number of bytes in that string.
3136** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3137**
3138** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3139** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3140** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3141** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3142** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3143**
3144** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3145** even empty strings, are always zero terminated.  ^The return
3146** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3147**
3148** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3149** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3150** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3151** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3152** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3153** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3154** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3155**
3156** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3157** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3158** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3159** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3160** that are applied:
3161**
3162** <blockquote>
3163** <table border="1">
3164** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3165**
3166** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3167** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3168** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3169** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3170** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3171** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3172** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3173** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3174** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3175** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3176** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3177** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3178** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3179** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3180** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3181** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3182** </table>
3183** </blockquote>)^
3184**
3185** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3186** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3187** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3188** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3189** C programmers.
3190**
3191** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3192** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3193** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3194** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3195** in the following cases:
3196**
3197** <ul>
3198** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3199**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3200**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3201** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3202**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3203**      to UTF-16.</li>
3204** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3205**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3206**      to UTF-8.</li>
3207** </ul>
3208**
3209** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3210** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3211** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3212** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3213** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3214**
3215** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3216** in one of the following ways:
3217**
3218** <ul>
3219**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3220**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3221**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3222** </ul>
3223**
3224** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3225** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3226** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3227** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3228** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3229** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3230** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3231**
3232** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3233** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3234** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3235** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3236** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3237** [sqlite3_free()].
3238**
3239** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3240** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3241** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3242** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3243** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3244*/
3245const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3246int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3247int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3248double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3249int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3250sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3251const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3252const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3253int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3254sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3255
3256/*
3257** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3258**
3259** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3260** ^If the statement was executed successfully or not executed at all, then
3261** SQLITE_OK is returned. ^If execution of the statement failed then an
3262** [error code] or [extended error code] is returned.
3263**
3264** ^This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
3265** [prepared statement].  ^If the virtual machine has not
3266** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
3267** encountering an error or an [sqlite3_interrupt | interrupt].
3268** ^Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions canceled,
3269** depending on the circumstances, and the
3270** [error code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
3271*/
3272int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3273
3274/*
3275** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3276**
3277** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3278** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3279** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3280** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3281** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3282**
3283** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3284** back to the beginning of its program.
3285**
3286** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3287** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3288** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3289** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3290**
3291** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3292** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3293** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3294**
3295** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3296** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3297*/
3298int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3299
3300/*
3301** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3302** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3303** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3304** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3305**
3306** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3307** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3308** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3309** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3310** the the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3311** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3312** the application data pointer.
3313**
3314** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3315** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3316** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3317** to each database connection separately.
3318**
3319** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3320** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3321** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3322** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3323** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3324** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3325**
3326** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3327** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3328** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3329** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3330** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3331** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3332** undefined.
3333**
3334** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3335** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3336** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3337** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3338** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3339** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3340** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3341** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3342** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3343** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3344** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3345**
3346** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3347** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3348**
3349** ^The seventh, eighth and ninth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3350** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3351** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3352** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3353** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3354** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3355** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL poiners for all three function
3356** callbacks.
3357**
3358** ^If the tenth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3359** then it is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3360** overloaded or when the database connection closes.
3361** ^When the destructure callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3362** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the pointer which was
3363** the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3364**
3365** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3366** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3367** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3368** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3369** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3370** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3371** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3372** matches the database encoding is a better
3373** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3374** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3375** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3376** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3377**
3378** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3379**
3380** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3381** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3382** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3383** statement in which the function is running.
3384*/
3385int sqlite3_create_function(
3386  sqlite3 *db,
3387  const char *zFunctionName,
3388  int nArg,
3389  int eTextRep,
3390  void *pApp,
3391  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3392  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3393  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3394);
3395int sqlite3_create_function16(
3396  sqlite3 *db,
3397  const void *zFunctionName,
3398  int nArg,
3399  int eTextRep,
3400  void *pApp,
3401  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3402  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3403  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3404);
3405int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3406  sqlite3 *db,
3407  const char *zFunctionName,
3408  int nArg,
3409  int eTextRep,
3410  void *pApp,
3411  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3412  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3413  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3414  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3415);
3416
3417/*
3418** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3419**
3420** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3421** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3422*/
3423#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3424#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3425#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3426#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3427#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3428#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3429
3430/*
3431** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3432** DEPRECATED
3433**
3434** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3435** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3436** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3437** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3438** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3439*/
3440#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3441SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3442SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3443SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3444SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3445SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3446SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3447#endif
3448
3449/*
3450** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3451**
3452** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3453** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3454** the function or aggregate.
3455**
3456** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3457** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3458** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3459** The 4th parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3460** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3461** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3462** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3463**
3464** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3465** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3466** object results in undefined behavior.
3467**
3468** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3469** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3470** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3471**
3472** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3473** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
3474** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3475** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3476**
3477** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3478** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3479** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3480** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3481** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3482** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3483** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
3484**
3485** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3486** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3487** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3488** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3489** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3490**
3491** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3492** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3493*/
3494const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3495int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3496int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3497double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3498int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3499sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3500const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3501const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3502const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3503const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3504int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3505int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3506
3507/*
3508** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
3509**
3510** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
3511** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
3512**
3513** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
3514** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
3515** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
3516** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
3517** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
3518** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
3519** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
3520** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
3521** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
3522** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
3523** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
3524** first time from within xFinal().)^
3525**
3526** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
3527** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
3528**
3529** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
3530** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
3531** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
3532** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
3533** allocation.)^
3534**
3535** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
3536** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
3537**
3538** The first parameter must be a copy of the
3539** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
3540** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
3541** function.
3542**
3543** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3544** the aggregate SQL function is running.
3545*/
3546void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
3547
3548/*
3549** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
3550**
3551** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
3552** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
3553** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3554** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3555** registered the application defined function.
3556**
3557** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
3558** the application-defined function is running.
3559*/
3560void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
3561
3562/*
3563** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
3564**
3565** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
3566** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
3567** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
3568** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
3569** registered the application defined function.
3570*/
3571sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
3572
3573/*
3574** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
3575**
3576** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
3577** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
3578** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
3579** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
3580** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
3581** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
3582** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
3583** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
3584** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
3585** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
3586**
3587** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
3588** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
3589** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
3590** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
3591** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
3592** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
3593**
3594** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
3595** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
3596** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
3597** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
3598** not been destroyed.
3599** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
3600** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
3601** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
3602** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
3603**
3604** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
3605** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
3606** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
3607**
3608** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
3609** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
3610** values and [parameters].)^
3611**
3612** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
3613** the SQL function is running.
3614*/
3615void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
3616void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
3617
3618
3619/*
3620** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
3621**
3622** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
3623** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
3624** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
3625** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
3626** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
3627** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
3628** the content before returning.
3629**
3630** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
3631** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
3632*/
3633typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
3634#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
3635#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
3636
3637/*
3638** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
3639**
3640** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
3641** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
3642** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3643** for additional information.
3644**
3645** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
3646** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
3647** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
3648**
3649** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
3650** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
3651** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
3652** third parameter.
3653**
3654** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
3655** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
3656** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
3657**
3658** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
3659** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
3660** by its 2nd argument.
3661**
3662** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
3663** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
3664** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
3665** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
3666** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
3667** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
3668** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
3669** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
3670** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
3671** message all text up through the first zero character.
3672** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
3673** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
3674** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
3675** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
3676** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
3677** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
3678** modify the text after they return without harm.
3679** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
3680** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
3681** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
3682** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
3683**
3684** ^The sqlite3_result_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
3685** indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
3686**
3687** ^The sqlite3_result_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an error
3688** indicating that a memory allocation failed.
3689**
3690** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
3691** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
3692** value given in the 2nd argument.
3693** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
3694** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
3695** value given in the 2nd argument.
3696**
3697** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
3698** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
3699**
3700** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
3701** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
3702** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
3703** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
3704** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
3705** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
3706** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
3707** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3708** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
3709** through the first zero character.
3710** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3711** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
3712** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
3713** function result.
3714** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3715** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
3716** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
3717** finished using that result.
3718** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
3719** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
3720** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
3721** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
3722** when it has finished using that result.
3723** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
3724** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
3725** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
3726** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
3727**
3728** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
3729** the application-defined function to be a copy the
3730** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
3731** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
3732** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
3733** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
3734** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
3735** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
3736** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
3737**
3738** If these routines are called from within the different thread
3739** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
3740** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
3741*/
3742void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3743void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
3744void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
3745void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
3746void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
3747void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
3748void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
3749void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
3750void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
3751void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
3752void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
3753void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3754void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
3755void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
3756void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
3757void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
3758
3759/*
3760** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
3761**
3762** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
3763** [database connection] specified as the first argument.
3764**
3765** ^The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
3766** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
3767** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16(). ^In all cases
3768** the name is passed as the second function argument.
3769**
3770** ^The third argument may be one of the constants [SQLITE_UTF8],
3771** [SQLITE_UTF16LE], or [SQLITE_UTF16BE], indicating that the user-supplied
3772** routine expects to be passed pointers to strings encoded using UTF-8,
3773** UTF-16 little-endian, or UTF-16 big-endian, respectively. ^The
3774** third argument might also be [SQLITE_UTF16] to indicate that the routine
3775** expects pointers to be UTF-16 strings in the native byte order, or the
3776** argument can be [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] if the
3777** the routine expects pointers to 16-bit word aligned strings
3778** of UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3779**
3780** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
3781** argument.  ^If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
3782** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it any more).
3783** ^Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
3784** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
3785** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
3786**
3787** ^The remaining arguments to the application-supplied routine are two strings,
3788** each represented by a (length, data) pair and encoded in the encoding
3789** that was passed as the third argument when the collation sequence was
3790** registered.  The application defined collation routine should
3791** return negative, zero or positive if the first string is less than,
3792** equal to, or greater than the second string. i.e. (STRING1 - STRING2).
3793**
3794** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
3795** except that it takes an extra argument which is a destructor for
3796** the collation.  ^The destructor is called when the collation is
3797** destroyed and is passed a copy of the fourth parameter void* pointer
3798** of the sqlite3_create_collation_v2().
3799** ^Collations are destroyed when they are overridden by later calls to the
3800** collation creation functions or when the [database connection] is closed
3801** using [sqlite3_close()].
3802**
3803** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
3804*/
3805int sqlite3_create_collation(
3806  sqlite3*,
3807  const char *zName,
3808  int eTextRep,
3809  void*,
3810  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
3811);
3812int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
3813  sqlite3*,
3814  const char *zName,
3815  int eTextRep,
3816  void*,
3817  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
3818  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3819);
3820int sqlite3_create_collation16(
3821  sqlite3*,
3822  const void *zName,
3823  int eTextRep,
3824  void*,
3825  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
3826);
3827
3828/*
3829** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
3830**
3831** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
3832** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
3833** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
3834** sequence is required.
3835**
3836** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
3837** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
3838** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
3839** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
3840** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
3841**
3842** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
3843** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
3844** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
3845** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
3846** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
3847** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
3848** required collation sequence.)^
3849**
3850** The callback function should register the desired collation using
3851** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
3852** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
3853*/
3854int sqlite3_collation_needed(
3855  sqlite3*,
3856  void*,
3857  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
3858);
3859int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
3860  sqlite3*,
3861  void*,
3862  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
3863);
3864
3865#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
3866/*
3867** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
3868** called right after sqlite3_open().
3869**
3870** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
3871** of SQLite.
3872*/
3873int sqlite3_key(
3874  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
3875  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
3876);
3877
3878/*
3879** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
3880** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
3881** database is decrypted.
3882**
3883** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
3884** of SQLite.
3885*/
3886int sqlite3_rekey(
3887  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
3888  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
3889);
3890
3891/*
3892** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
3893** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
3894*/
3895void sqlite3_activate_see(
3896  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
3897);
3898#endif
3899
3900#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
3901/*
3902** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
3903** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
3904*/
3905void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
3906  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
3907);
3908#endif
3909
3910/*
3911** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
3912**
3913** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
3914** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
3915**
3916** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
3917** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
3918** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
3919** requested from the operating system is returned.
3920**
3921** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
3922** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
3923** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
3924** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
3925** in the previous paragraphs.
3926*/
3927int sqlite3_sleep(int);
3928
3929/*
3930** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
3931**
3932** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
3933** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
3934** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
3935** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
3936** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
3937** temporary file directory.
3938**
3939** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
3940** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
3941** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
3942** thread.
3943** It is intended that this variable be set once
3944** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
3945** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
3946** thereafter.
3947**
3948** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
3949** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
3950** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
3951** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
3952** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
3953** using [sqlite3_free].
3954** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
3955** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
3956** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
3957*/
3958SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
3959
3960/*
3961** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
3962** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
3963**
3964** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
3965** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
3966** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
3967** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
3968** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
3969**
3970** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
3971** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
3972** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
3973** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
3974** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
3975** an error is to use this function.
3976**
3977** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
3978** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
3979** is undefined.
3980*/
3981int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
3982
3983/*
3984** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
3985**
3986** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
3987** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
3988** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
3989** that was the first argument
3990** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
3991** create the statement in the first place.
3992*/
3993sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
3994
3995/*
3996** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
3997**
3998** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
3999** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4000** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4001** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4002** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4003**
4004** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4005** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4006** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4007*/
4008sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4009
4010/*
4011** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4012**
4013** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4014** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4015** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4016** for the same database connection is overridden.
4017** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4018** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4019** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4020** for the same database connection is overridden.
4021** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4022** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4023** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4024**
4025** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4026** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4027** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4028** the first call for each function on D.
4029**
4030** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4031** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4032** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4033** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4034** or rollback hook in the first place.
4035** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4036** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4037**
4038** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4039**
4040** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4041** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4042** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4043** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4044** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4045**
4046** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4047** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4048** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4049** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4050** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4051**
4052** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4053*/
4054void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4055void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4056
4057/*
4058** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4059**
4060** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4061** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4062** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4063** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4064** for the same database connection is overridden.
4065**
4066** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4067** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4068** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4069** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4070** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4071** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4072** to be invoked.
4073** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4074** database and table name containing the affected row.
4075** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4076** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4077**
4078** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4079** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4080**
4081** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4082** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4083** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4084** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4085** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4086** release of SQLite.
4087**
4088** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4089** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4090** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4091** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4092** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4093** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4094**
4095** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4096** returns the P argument from the previous call
4097** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4098** the first call on D.
4099**
4100** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4101** interfaces.
4102*/
4103void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4104  sqlite3*,
4105  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4106  void*
4107);
4108
4109/*
4110** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4111** KEYWORDS: {shared cache}
4112**
4113** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4114** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4115** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4116** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4117**
4118** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4119** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4120** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4121**
4122** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4123** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4124** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4125** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4126**
4127** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4128** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4129**
4130** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4131** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4132** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4133**
4134** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4135*/
4136int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4137
4138/*
4139** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4140**
4141** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4142** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4143** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4144** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4145** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4146** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4147** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4148** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4149*/
4150int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4151
4152/*
4153** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4154**
4155** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4156** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4157** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4158** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4159** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4160** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4161** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4162** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4163** is advisory only.
4164**
4165** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4166** the soft heap limit prior to the call.  ^If the argument N is negative
4167** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4168** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4169** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4170**
4171** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4172**
4173** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4174** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4175**
4176** <ul>
4177** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4178** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4179**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4180**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4181** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specifed using
4182**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE],...).
4183** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4184**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4185**      from the heap.
4186** </ul>)^
4187**
4188** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4189** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4190** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4191** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4192** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4193** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4194** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4195** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4196** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4197**
4198** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4199** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4200*/
4201sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4202
4203/*
4204** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4205** DEPRECATED
4206**
4207** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4208** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4209** only.  All new applications should use the
4210** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4211*/
4212SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4213
4214
4215/*
4216** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4217**
4218** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4219** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4220** passed as the first function argument.
4221**
4222** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4223** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4224** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4225** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4226** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4227** resolve unqualified table references.
4228**
4229** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4230** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4231** may be NULL.
4232**
4233** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4234** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4235** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4236**
4237** ^(<blockquote>
4238** <table border="1">
4239** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4240**
4241** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4242** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4243** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4244** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4245** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4246** </table>
4247** </blockquote>)^
4248**
4249** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4250** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4251** call to any SQLite API function.
4252**
4253** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4254**
4255** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4256** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4257** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4258** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4259** parameters are set as follows:
4260**
4261** <pre>
4262**     data type: "INTEGER"
4263**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4264**     not null: 0
4265**     primary key: 1
4266**     auto increment: 0
4267** </pre>)^
4268**
4269** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4270** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4271** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4272** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4273**
4274** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4275** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4276*/
4277int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4278  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4279  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4280  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4281  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4282  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4283  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4284  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4285  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4286  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4287);
4288
4289/*
4290** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4291**
4292** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4293**
4294** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4295** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4296**
4297** ^The entry point is zProc.
4298** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4299** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4300** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4301** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4302** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4303** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4304** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4305** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4306** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4307**
4308** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4309** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4310** otherwise an error will be returned.
4311**
4312** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4313*/
4314int sqlite3_load_extension(
4315  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4316  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4317  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4318  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4319);
4320
4321/*
4322** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4323**
4324** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4325** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4326** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4327** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4328**
4329** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4330** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4331** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4332** it back off again.
4333*/
4334int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4335
4336/*
4337** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load An Extensions
4338**
4339** ^This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
4340** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available
4341** to all new [database connections].
4342**
4343** ^(This routine stores a pointer to the extension entry point
4344** in an array that is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  That memory
4345** is deallocated by [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].)^
4346**
4347** ^This function registers an extension entry point that is
4348** automatically invoked whenever a new [database connection]
4349** is opened using [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
4350** or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
4351** ^Duplicate extensions are detected so calling this routine
4352** multiple times with the same extension is harmless.
4353** ^Automatic extensions apply across all threads.
4354*/
4355int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
4356
4357/*
4358** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
4359**
4360** ^(This function disables all previously registered automatic
4361** extensions. It undoes the effect of all prior
4362** [sqlite3_auto_extension()] calls.)^
4363**
4364** ^This function disables automatic extensions in all threads.
4365*/
4366void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4367
4368/*
4369** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4370** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4371** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4372**
4373** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4374** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4375*/
4376
4377/*
4378** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4379*/
4380typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4381typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4382typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4383typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4384
4385/*
4386** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
4387** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
4388**
4389** This structure, sometimes called a a "virtual table module",
4390** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
4391** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
4392**
4393** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
4394** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
4395** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
4396** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
4397** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
4398** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
4399** any database connection.
4400*/
4401struct sqlite3_module {
4402  int iVersion;
4403  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4404               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4405               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4406  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
4407               int argc, const char *const*argv,
4408               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
4409  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
4410  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4411  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4412  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
4413  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4414  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
4415                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
4416  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4417  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
4418  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
4419  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
4420  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
4421  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4422  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4423  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4424  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
4425  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
4426                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4427                       void **ppArg);
4428  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
4429};
4430
4431/*
4432** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
4433** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
4434**
4435** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
4436** of the [virtual table] interface to
4437** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
4438** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
4439** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
4440** results into the **Outputs** fields.
4441**
4442** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
4443**
4444** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
4445**
4446** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
4447** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
4448** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
4449** ^(The index of the column is stored in
4450** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
4451** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
4452** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
4453**
4454** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
4455** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
4456** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
4457** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
4458** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
4459**
4460** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
4461** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
4462**
4463** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
4464** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
4465** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
4466** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
4467** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
4468** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
4469**
4470** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
4471** [xFilter] method.
4472** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
4473** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
4474**
4475** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
4476** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
4477** sorting step is required.
4478**
4479** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
4480** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
4481** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
4482** cost of approximately log(N).
4483*/
4484struct sqlite3_index_info {
4485  /* Inputs */
4486  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
4487  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
4488     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
4489     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
4490     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
4491     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
4492  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
4493  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
4494  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
4495     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
4496     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
4497  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
4498  /* Outputs */
4499  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
4500    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
4501    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
4502  } *aConstraintUsage;
4503  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
4504  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
4505  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
4506  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
4507  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
4508};
4509
4510/*
4511** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
4512**
4513** These macros defined the allowed values for the
4514** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
4515** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
4516** a query that uses a [virtual table].
4517*/
4518#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
4519#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
4520#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
4521#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
4522#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
4523#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
4524
4525/*
4526** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
4527**
4528** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
4529** ^Module names must be registered before
4530** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
4531** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
4532**
4533** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
4534** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
4535** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
4536** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
4537** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
4538** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
4539** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
4540**
4541** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
4542** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
4543** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
4544** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The sqlite3_create_module()
4545** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
4546** destructor.
4547*/
4548int sqlite3_create_module(
4549  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
4550  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
4551  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
4552  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
4553);
4554int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
4555  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
4556  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
4557  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
4558  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
4559  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
4560);
4561
4562/*
4563** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
4564** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
4565**
4566** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
4567** of this object to describe a particular instance
4568** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
4569** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
4570** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
4571** common to all module implementations.
4572**
4573** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
4574** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
4575** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
4576** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
4577** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
4578** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
4579*/
4580struct sqlite3_vtab {
4581  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
4582  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
4583  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
4584  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
4585};
4586
4587/*
4588** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
4589** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
4590**
4591** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
4592** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
4593** [virtual table] and are used
4594** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
4595** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
4596** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
4597** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
4598** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
4599** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
4600**
4601** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
4602** are common to all implementations.
4603*/
4604struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
4605  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
4606  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
4607};
4608
4609/*
4610** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
4611**
4612** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
4613** [virtual table module] call this interface
4614** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
4615** the virtual tables they implement.
4616*/
4617int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
4618
4619/*
4620** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
4621**
4622** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
4623** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
4624** But global versions of those functions
4625** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
4626**
4627** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
4628** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
4629** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
4630** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
4631** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
4632** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
4633** by a [virtual table].
4634*/
4635int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
4636
4637/*
4638** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
4639** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
4640** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4641** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4642**
4643** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4644** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4645*/
4646
4647/*
4648** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
4649** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
4650**
4651** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
4652** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
4653** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
4654** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
4655** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
4656** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
4657** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
4658*/
4659typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
4660
4661/*
4662** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
4663**
4664** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
4665** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
4666** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
4667**
4668** <pre>
4669**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
4670** </pre>)^
4671**
4672** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
4673** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
4674** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
4675** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
4676** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
4677**
4678** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
4679** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
4680** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
4681** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
4682** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
4683**
4684** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
4685** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
4686** to be a null pointer.)^
4687** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
4688** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
4689** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
4690** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
4691** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
4692**
4693** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
4694** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
4695** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
4696** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
4697** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
4698** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
4699** a expired BLOB handle fail with an return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
4700** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
4701** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
4702** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
4703**
4704** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
4705** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
4706** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
4707** blob.
4708**
4709** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
4710** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
4711** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
4712** this interface.
4713**
4714** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
4715** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
4716*/
4717int sqlite3_blob_open(
4718  sqlite3*,
4719  const char *zDb,
4720  const char *zTable,
4721  const char *zColumn,
4722  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
4723  int flags,
4724  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
4725);
4726
4727/*
4728** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
4729**
4730** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
4731**
4732** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
4733** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
4734** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
4735** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
4736** until the close operation if they will fit.
4737**
4738** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
4739** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
4740** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
4741** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
4742**
4743** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
4744** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
4745**
4746** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
4747** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
4748*/
4749int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
4750
4751/*
4752** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
4753**
4754** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
4755** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
4756** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
4757** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
4758**
4759** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
4760** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
4761** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
4762** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
4763*/
4764int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
4765
4766/*
4767** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
4768**
4769** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
4770** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
4771** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
4772**
4773** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
4774** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
4775** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
4776** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
4777** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
4778**
4779** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
4780** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
4781**
4782** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
4783** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
4784**
4785** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
4786** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
4787** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
4788** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
4789**
4790** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
4791*/
4792int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
4793
4794/*
4795** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
4796**
4797** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
4798** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
4799** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
4800**
4801** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
4802** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
4803** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
4804**
4805** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
4806** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
4807** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
4808** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
4809** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
4810** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
4811** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
4812**
4813** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
4814** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
4815** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
4816** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
4817** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
4818** or by other independent statements.
4819**
4820** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
4821** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
4822**
4823** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
4824** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
4825** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
4826** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
4827**
4828** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
4829*/
4830int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
4831
4832/*
4833** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
4834**
4835** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
4836** that SQLite uses to interact
4837** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
4838** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
4839** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
4840** The following interfaces are provided.
4841**
4842** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
4843** ^Names are case sensitive.
4844** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
4845** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
4846** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
4847**
4848** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
4849** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
4850** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
4851** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
4852** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
4853** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
4854** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
4855** then the behavior is undefined.
4856**
4857** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
4858** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
4859** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
4860*/
4861sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
4862int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
4863int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
4864
4865/*
4866** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
4867**
4868** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
4869** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
4870** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
4871** permitted to use any of these routines.
4872**
4873** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
4874** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
4875** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
4876** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
4877**
4878** <ul>
4879** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2
4880** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD
4881** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
4882** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
4883** </ul>)^
4884**
4885** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
4886** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
4887** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_OS2,
4888** SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREAD, and SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations
4889** are appropriate for use on OS/2, Unix, and Windows.
4890**
4891** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
4892** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
4893** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
4894** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
4895** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
4896** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
4897** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
4898**
4899** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
4900** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
4901** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
4902** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
4903** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
4904**
4905** <ul>
4906** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
4907** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
4908** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
4909** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
4910** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
4911** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
4912** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
4913** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
4914** </ul>)^
4915**
4916** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
4917** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
4918** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
4919** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
4920** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
4921** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
4922** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
4923** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
4924** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
4925** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
4926**
4927** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
4928** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
4929** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
4930** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
4931** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
4932** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
4933** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
4934** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
4935**
4936** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
4937** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
4938** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
4939** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
4940** the same type number.
4941**
4942** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
4943** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
4944** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
4945** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
4946** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
4947** a static mutex.
4948**
4949** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
4950** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
4951** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
4952** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
4953** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
4954** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
4955** In such cases the,
4956** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
4957** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
4958** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
4959** SQLite will never exhibit
4960** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
4961**
4962** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
4963** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
4964** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
4965** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
4966**
4967** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
4968** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
4969** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
4970** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
4971** never do either.)^
4972**
4973** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
4974** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
4975** behave as no-ops.
4976**
4977** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
4978*/
4979sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
4980void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
4981void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
4982int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
4983void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
4984
4985/*
4986** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
4987**
4988** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
4989** used to allocate and use mutexes.
4990**
4991** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
4992** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
4993** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
4994** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
4995** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
4996** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
4997** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
4998** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
4999** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5000**
5001** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5002** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5003** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5004** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5005**
5006** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5007** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5008** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5009** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5010** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5011** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5012**
5013** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5014** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5015** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5016**
5017** <ul>
5018**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5019**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5020**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5021**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5022**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5023**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5024**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5025** </ul>)^
5026**
5027** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5028** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5029** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5030** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5031** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5032** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5033** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5034**
5035** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5036** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5037** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5038** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5039**
5040** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5041** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5042** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5043** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5044**
5045** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5046** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5047** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5048** prior to returning.
5049*/
5050typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5051struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5052  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5053  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5054  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5055  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5056  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5057  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5058  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5059  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5060  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5061};
5062
5063/*
5064** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5065**
5066** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5067** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5068** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5069** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5070** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5071** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5072** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5073** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5074**
5075** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5076** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5077**
5078** ^The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
5079** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5080** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5081** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5082**
5083** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5084** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5085** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
5086** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5087** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5088** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5089** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5090** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5091*/
5092#ifndef NDEBUG
5093int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5094int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5095#endif
5096
5097/*
5098** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5099**
5100** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5101** which is one of these integer constants.
5102**
5103** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5104** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5105** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5106*/
5107#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5108#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5109#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5110#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5111#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5112#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5113#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5114#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5115#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* lru page list */
5116
5117/*
5118** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5119**
5120** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5121** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5122** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5123** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5124** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5125*/
5126sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5127
5128/*
5129** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5130**
5131** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5132** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5133** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5134** name of the database "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5135** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5136** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5137** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5138** main database file.
5139** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5140** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5141** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5142** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5143**
5144** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5145** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5146** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5147** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5148** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5149** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5150** xFileControl method.
5151**
5152** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5153*/
5154int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5155
5156/*
5157** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5158**
5159** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5160** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5161** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5162** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5163**
5164** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5165** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5166** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5167**
5168** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5169** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5170** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5171** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5172*/
5173int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5174
5175/*
5176** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5177**
5178** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5179** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5180**
5181** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5182** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5183** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5184** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5185*/
5186#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5187#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5188#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5189#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5190#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5191#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5192#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5193#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5194#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5195#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5196#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5197#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5198#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5199#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PGHDRSZ                 17
5200#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           18
5201#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    18
5202
5203/*
5204** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5205**
5206** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5207** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5208** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5209** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5210** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5211** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5212** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5213** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5214** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5215** value.  For those parameters
5216** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5217** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5218** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5219**
5220** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5221** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5222**
5223** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5224** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5225** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5226** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5227** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5228** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5229**
5230** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5231*/
5232int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5233
5234
5235/*
5236** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5237**
5238** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5239** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5240**
5241** <dl>
5242** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5243** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5244** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5245** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5246** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5247** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5248** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5249** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5250** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5251**
5252** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5253** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5254** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5255** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5256** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5257** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5258**
5259** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5260** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations.</dd>)^
5261**
5262** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5263** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5264** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5265** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5266** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5267**
5268** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5269** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5270** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5271** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5272** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5273** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5274** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5275** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5276**
5277** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5278** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5279** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5280** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5281** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5282**
5283** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5284** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5285** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5286** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5287** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5288** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5289** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
5290**
5291** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5292** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5293** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5294** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5295** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5296** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5297** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5298** slots were available.
5299** </dd>)^
5300**
5301** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
5302** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5303** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5304** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5305** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5306**
5307** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
5308** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
5309** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
5310** </dl>
5311**
5312** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
5313*/
5314#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
5315#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
5316#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
5317#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
5318#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
5319#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
5320#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
5321#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
5322#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
5323#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
5324
5325/*
5326** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
5327**
5328** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5329** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
5330** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
5331** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
5332** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED | SQLITE_DBSTATUS_*] macros, that
5333** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
5334** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED | SQLITE_DBSTATUS_*] macros is likely
5335** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
5336**
5337** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
5338** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
5339** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
5340** reset back down to the current value.
5341**
5342** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5343** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5344**
5345** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
5346*/
5347int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
5348
5349/*
5350** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
5351**
5352** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
5353** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
5354**
5355** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
5356** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
5357** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
5358** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
5359** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
5360**
5361** <dl>
5362** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
5363** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
5364** checked out.</dd>)^
5365**
5366** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
5367** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5368** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
5369** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
5370**
5371** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
5372** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5373** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
5374** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
5375** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
5376** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
5377** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
5378** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
5379**
5380** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
5381** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
5382** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
5383** the database connection.)^
5384** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
5385** </dd>
5386** </dl>
5387*/
5388#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
5389#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED         1
5390#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED        2
5391#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED          3
5392#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                3   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
5393
5394
5395/*
5396** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
5397**
5398** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
5399** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counters] that measure the number
5400** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
5401** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
5402** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
5403** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
5404** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
5405** an index.
5406**
5407** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
5408** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
5409** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
5410** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT | counter]
5411** to be interrogated.)^
5412** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
5413** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
5414** interface call returns.
5415**
5416** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
5417*/
5418int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
5419
5420/*
5421** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
5422**
5423** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
5424** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
5425** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
5426**
5427** <dl>
5428** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
5429** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
5430** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
5431** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
5432** careful use of indices.</dd>
5433**
5434** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
5435** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
5436** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
5437** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
5438**
5439** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
5440** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
5441** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
5442** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
5443** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
5444** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
5445**
5446** </dl>
5447*/
5448#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
5449#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
5450#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
5451
5452/*
5453** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
5454**
5455** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
5456** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
5457** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
5458** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
5459** to the object.
5460**
5461** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods] for additional information.
5462*/
5463typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
5464
5465/*
5466** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
5467** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
5468**
5469** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE], ...) interface can
5470** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
5471** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure.)^
5472** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
5473** SQLite is used for the page cache.
5474** By implementing a
5475** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
5476** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
5477** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
5478** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
5479** how long.
5480**
5481** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
5482** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
5483** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
5484**
5485** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods structure are copied to an
5486** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
5487** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
5488** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
5489**
5490** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
5491** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
5492** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
5493** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods.pArg value.)^
5494** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
5495** required by the custom page cache implementation.
5496** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
5497** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
5498** page cache.)^
5499**
5500** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5501** It can be used to clean up
5502** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
5503** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
5504**
5505** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
5506** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
5507** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
5508** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
5509** in multithreaded applications.
5510**
5511** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
5512** call to xShutdown().
5513**
5514** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
5515** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
5516** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
5517** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
5518** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will not be a power of two.  ^szPage
5519** will the page size of the database file that is to be cached plus an
5520** increment (here called "R") of about 100 or 200.  SQLite will use the
5521** extra R bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
5522** database page on disk.  The value of R depends
5523** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
5524** ^R is constant for a particular build of SQLite.  ^The second argument to
5525** xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being created will
5526** be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
5527** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
5528** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
5529** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
5530** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
5531** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
5532** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
5533** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
5534** never contain any unpinned pages.
5535**
5536** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
5537** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
5538** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
5539** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
5540** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
5541** value; it is advisory only.
5542**
5543** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
5544** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
5545**
5546** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
5547** the page, or a NULL pointer.
5548** A "page", in this context, means a buffer of szPage bytes aligned at an
5549** 8-byte boundary. The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The
5550** mimimum key value is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page
5551** is considered to be "pinned".
5552**
5553** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
5554** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
5555** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
5556** behavior of the cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
5557** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
5558**
5559** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
5560** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
5561** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
5562** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
5563**                 Otherwise return NULL.
5564** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
5565**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
5566** </table>
5567**
5568** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
5569** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
5570** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
5571** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
5572** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
5573**
5574** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
5575** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
5576** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
5577** ^If the discard parameter is
5578** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
5579** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
5580** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
5581**
5582** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
5583** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
5584** to xFetch().
5585**
5586** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
5587** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
5588** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
5589** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
5590** to be pinned.
5591**
5592** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
5593** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
5594** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
5595** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
5596** they can be safely discarded.
5597**
5598** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
5599** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
5600** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
5601** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods
5602** functions.
5603*/
5604typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
5605struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
5606  void *pArg;
5607  int (*xInit)(void*);
5608  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
5609  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
5610  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
5611  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
5612  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
5613  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
5614  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
5615  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
5616  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
5617};
5618
5619/*
5620** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
5621**
5622** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
5623** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
5624** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
5625** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
5626**
5627** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
5628*/
5629typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
5630
5631/*
5632** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
5633**
5634** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
5635** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
5636** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
5637**
5638** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
5639**
5640** ^Exclusive access is required to the destination database for the
5641** duration of the operation. ^However the source database is only
5642** read-locked while it is actually being read; it is not locked
5643** continuously for the entire backup operation. ^Thus, the backup may be
5644** performed on a live source database without preventing other users from
5645** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
5646**
5647** ^(To perform a backup operation:
5648**   <ol>
5649**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
5650**         backup,
5651**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
5652**         the data between the two databases, and finally
5653**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
5654**         associated with the backup operation.
5655**   </ol>)^
5656** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
5657** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
5658**
5659** <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
5660**
5661** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
5662** [database connection] associated with the destination database
5663** and the database name, respectively.
5664** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
5665** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
5666** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
5667** ^The S and M arguments passed to
5668** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
5669** and database name of the source database, respectively.
5670** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
5671** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will file with
5672** an error.
5673**
5674** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
5675** returned and an error code and error message are store3d in the
5676** destination [database connection] D.
5677** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
5678** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
5679** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
5680** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
5681** [sqlite3_backup] object.
5682** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
5683** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
5684** operation.
5685**
5686** <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
5687**
5688** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
5689** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
5690** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
5691** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
5692** are still more pages to be copied, then the function resturns [SQLITE_OK].
5693** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
5694** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
5695** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
5696** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
5697** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
5698** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
5699** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
5700**
5701** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
5702** <ol>
5703** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
5704** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
5705** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
5706** <li> The destination database is an in-memory database and the
5707** destination and source page sizes differ.
5708** </ol>)^
5709**
5710** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
5711** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
5712** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
5713** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
5714** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
5715** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
5716** [database connection]
5717** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
5718** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
5719** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
5720** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
5721** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
5722** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
5723** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
5724** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
5725** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
5726**
5727** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
5728** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
5729** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
5730** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
5731** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
5732** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
5733** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
5734** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
5735** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
5736** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
5737** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
5738** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
5739** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
5740** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
5741** updated at the same time.
5742**
5743** <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
5744**
5745** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
5746** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
5747** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
5748** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
5749** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
5750** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
5751** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
5752** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
5753** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
5754**
5755** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
5756** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
5757** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
5758** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
5759** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
5760** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
5761**
5762** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
5763** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
5764** sqlite3_backup_finish().
5765**
5766** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining(), sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
5767**
5768** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
5769** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
5770** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
5771** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
5772** retrieve these two values, respectively.
5773**
5774** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
5775** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
5776** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
5777** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
5778** changing.
5779**
5780** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
5781**
5782** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
5783** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
5784** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
5785** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
5786** from within other threads.
5787**
5788** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
5789** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
5790** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
5791** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
5792** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
5793** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
5794** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
5795** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
5796**
5797** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
5798** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
5799** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
5800** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
5801** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
5802** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
5803**
5804** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
5805** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
5806** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
5807** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
5808** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
5809** possible that they return invalid values.
5810*/
5811sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
5812  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
5813  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
5814  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
5815  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
5816);
5817int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
5818int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
5819int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
5820int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
5821
5822/*
5823** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
5824**
5825** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
5826** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
5827** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
5828** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
5829** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
5830** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
5831** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5832** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5833**
5834** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
5835**
5836** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
5837** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
5838**
5839** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
5840** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
5841** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
5842** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
5843** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
5844** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
5845** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
5846** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
5847** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
5848** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
5849**
5850** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
5851** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
5852** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
5853** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
5854** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
5855**
5856** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
5857** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
5858** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
5859** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
5860**
5861** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
5862** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
5863** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
5864** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
5865** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
5866** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
5867** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
5868** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
5869**
5870** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
5871** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
5872** crash or deadlock may be the result.
5873**
5874** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
5875** returns SQLITE_OK.
5876**
5877** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
5878**
5879** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
5880** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
5881** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
5882** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
5883** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
5884** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
5885**
5886** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
5887** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
5888** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
5889** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
5890** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
5891** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
5892** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
5893** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
5894**
5895** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
5896**
5897** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
5898** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
5899** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
5900** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
5901** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
5902** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
5903** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
5904**
5905** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
5906** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
5907** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
5908** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
5909** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
5910** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
5911** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
5912** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
5913** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
5914** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
5915** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
5916** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
5917**
5918** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
5919**
5920** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
5921** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
5922** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
5923** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
5924** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
5925** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
5926** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
5927** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
5928** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
5929**
5930** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
5931** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
5932** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
5933** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
5934** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
5935*/
5936int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
5937  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
5938  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
5939  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
5940);
5941
5942
5943/*
5944** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
5945**
5946** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
5947** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
5948** case-independent fashion, using the same definition of case independence
5949** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
5950*/
5951int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
5952
5953/*
5954** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
5955**
5956** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
5957** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
5958** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
5959** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
5960**
5961** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
5962** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
5963** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
5964** is considered bad form.
5965**
5966** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
5967**
5968** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
5969** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
5970** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
5971** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
5972** buffer.
5973*/
5974void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
5975
5976/*
5977** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
5978**
5979** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
5980** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
5981** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
5982** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
5983**
5984** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
5985** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
5986** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
5987**
5988** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
5989** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
5990** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
5991** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
5992** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
5993** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
5994** including those that were just committed.
5995**
5996** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
5997** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
5998** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
5999** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6000** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6001** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6002** are undefined.
6003**
6004** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6005** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6006** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6007** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6008** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6009** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6010*/
6011void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6012  sqlite3*,
6013  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6014  void*
6015);
6016
6017/*
6018** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6019**
6020** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6021** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6022** to automatically [checkpoint]
6023** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6024** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6025** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6026** checkpoints entirely.
6027**
6028** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6029** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6030** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6031** configured by this function.
6032**
6033** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6034** from SQL.
6035**
6036** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6037** enabled with a threshold of 1000 pages.  The use of this interface
6038** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6039** for a particular application.
6040*/
6041int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6042
6043/*
6044** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6045**
6046** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6047** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6048** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6049** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6050** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6051**
6052** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6053** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6054** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6055** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6056*/
6057int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6058
6059/*
6060** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
6061** builds on processors without floating point support.
6062*/
6063#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
6064# undef double
6065#endif
6066
6067#ifdef __cplusplus
6068}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
6069#endif
6070#endif
6071