xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision edf5b165)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
385**
386** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
387** here in order to indicate success or failure.
388**
389** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
390**
391** See also: [extended result code definitions]
392*/
393#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
394/* beginning-of-error-codes */
395#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
396#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
397#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
398#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
399#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
400#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
401#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
402#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
403#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
404#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
405#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
406#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
407#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
408#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
409#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
410#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
411#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
412#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
413#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
414#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
415#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
416#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
417#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
418#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
419#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
420#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
421#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
422#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
423#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
424#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
425/* end-of-error-codes */
426
427/*
428** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
429** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
430**
431** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
432** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
433** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
434** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
435** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
436** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
437** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
438** on a per database connection basis using the
439** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
440** the most recent error can be obtained using
441** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
442*/
443#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
444#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
445#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
446#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
447#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
448#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
449#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
469#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
470#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
471#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
472#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
473#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
474#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
475#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
476#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
478#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
479#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
480#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
481#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
482#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
483#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
484#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
485#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
486#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
487#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
488#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
489#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
490#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
491#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
492#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
493#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
494#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
495
496/*
497** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
498**
499** These bit values are intended for use in the
500** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
501** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
502*/
503#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
504#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
505#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
506#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
507#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
508#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
509#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
510#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
511#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
512#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
513#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
514#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
523
524/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
525
526/*
527** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
528**
529** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
530** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
531** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
532** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
533** refers to.
534**
535** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
536** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
537** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
538** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
539** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
540** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
541** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
542** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
543** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
544** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
545** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
546** file that were written at the application level might have changed
547** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
548** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
549** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
550** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
551** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
552** elevated privileges.
553*/
554#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
555#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
556#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
557#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
558#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
559#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
560#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
561#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
562#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
563#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
564#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
565#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
568
569/*
570** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
571**
572** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
573** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
574** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
575*/
576#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
577#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
578#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
579#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
580#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
581
582/*
583** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
584**
585** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
586** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
587** these integer values as the second argument.
588**
589** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
590** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
591** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
592** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
593** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
594** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
595**
596** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
597** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
598** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
599** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
600** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
601** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
602** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
603** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
604** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
605** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
606** cares about the difference.)
607*/
608#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
609#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
610#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
611
612/*
613** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
614**
615** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
616** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
617** implementations will
618** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
619** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
620** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
621** I/O operations on the open file.
622*/
623typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
624struct sqlite3_file {
625  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
626};
627
628/*
629** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
630**
631** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
632** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
633** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
634** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
635** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
636**
637** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
638** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
639** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
640** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
641** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
642** to NULL.
643**
644** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
645** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
646** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
647** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
648** and not its inode needs to be synced.
649**
650** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
651** <ul>
652** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
653** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
654** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
655** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
656** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
657** </ul>
658** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
659** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
660** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
661** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
662** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
663**
664** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
665** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
666** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
667** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
668** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
669** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
670** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
671** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
672** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
673** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
674** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
675** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
676** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
677** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
678** recognize.
679**
680** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
681** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
682** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
683** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
684** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
685** underlying device:
686**
687** <ul>
688** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
689** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
690** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
691** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
692** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
693** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
694** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
695** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
696** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
697** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
698** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
699** </ul>
700**
701** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
702** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
703** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
704** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
705** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
706** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
707** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
708** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
709** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
710** to xWrite().
711**
712** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
713** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
714** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
715** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
716** database corruption.
717*/
718typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
719struct sqlite3_io_methods {
720  int iVersion;
721  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
722  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
723  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
724  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
725  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
726  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
727  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
728  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
729  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
730  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
731  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
732  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
733  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
734  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
735  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
736  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
737  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
738  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
739  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
740  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
741  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
742  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
743};
744
745/*
746** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
747** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
748**
749** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
750** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
751** interface.
752**
753** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
754** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
755** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
756** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
757** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
758** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
759** is defined.
760** <ul>
761** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
762** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
763** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
764** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
765** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
766** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
767** file run faster.
768**
769** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
770** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
771** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
772** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
773** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
774** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
775** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
776** improve performance on some systems.
777**
778** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
779** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
780** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
781** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
782** additional information.
783**
784** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
785** No longer in use.
786**
787** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
788** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
789** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
790** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
791** because the user has configured SQLite with
792** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
793** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
794** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
795** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
796** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
797** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
798** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
799** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
800**
801** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
802** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
803** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
804** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
805** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
806** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
807** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
808**
809** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
810** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
811** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
812** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
813** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
814** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
815** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
816** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
817** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
818** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
819** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
820** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
821** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
822** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
823** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
824** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
825**
826** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
827** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
828** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
829** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
830** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
831** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
832** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
833** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
834** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
835** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
836** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
837** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
838** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
839** WAL persistence setting.
840**
841** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
842** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
843** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
844** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
845** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
846** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
847** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
848** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
849** zero-damage mode setting.
850**
851** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
852** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
853** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
854** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
855** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
856**
857** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
858** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
859** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
860** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
861** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
862** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
863** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
864** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
865** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
866** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
867** is intended for diagnostic use only.
868**
869** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
870** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
871** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
872** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
873** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
874** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
875** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
876** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
877** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
878** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
879** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
880** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
881** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
882** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
883** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
884** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
885** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
886** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
887** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
888** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
889** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
890** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
891**
892** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
893** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
894** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
895** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
896** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
897** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
898** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
899** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
900** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
901** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
902** current operation.
903**
904** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
905** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
906** to have SQLite generate a
907** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
908** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
909** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
910** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
911** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
912**
913** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
914** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
915** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
916** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
917** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
918** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
919** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
920** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
921** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
922**
923** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
924** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
925** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
926** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
927** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
928** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
929** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
930**
931** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
932** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
933** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
934** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
935** was first opened.
936**
937** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
938** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
939** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
940** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
941** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
942**
943** </ul>
944*/
945#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
946#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
947#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
948#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
949#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
950#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
951#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
952#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
953#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
954#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
955#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
956#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
957#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
958#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
959#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
960#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
961#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
962#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
963#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
964#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
965#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
966#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
967
968/*
969** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
970**
971** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
972** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
973** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
974** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
975**
976** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
977*/
978typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
979
980/*
981** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
982**
983** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
984** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
985** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
986** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
987**
988** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
989** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
990** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
991** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
992** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
993** modified.
994**
995** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
996** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
997** a pathname in this VFS.
998**
999** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1000** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1001** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1002** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1003** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1004** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1005**
1006** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1007** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1008** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1009** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1010** object once the object has been registered.
1011**
1012** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1013** be unique across all VFS modules.
1014**
1015** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1016** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1017** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1018** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1019** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1020** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1021** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1022** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1023** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1024** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1025** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1026** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1027** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1028** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1029** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1030** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1031**
1032** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1033** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1034** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1035** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1036** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1037** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1038**
1039** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1040** call, depending on the object being opened:
1041**
1042** <ul>
1043** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1044** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1045** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1046** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1047** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1048** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1049** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1050** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1051** </ul>)^
1052**
1053** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1054** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1055** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1056** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1057** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1058** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1059** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1060** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1061**
1062** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1063**
1064** <ul>
1065** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1066** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1067** </ul>
1068**
1069** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1070** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1071** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1072** databases, and subjournals.
1073**
1074** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1075** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1076** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1077** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1078** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1079** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1080** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1081** for exclusive access.
1082**
1083** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1084** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1085** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1086** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1087** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1088** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1089** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1090** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1091** or failure of the xOpen call.
1092**
1093** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1094** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1095** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1096** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1097** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1098** directory.
1099**
1100** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1101** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1102** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1103** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1104** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1105** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1106**
1107** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1108** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1109** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1110** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1111** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1112** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1113** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1114** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1115** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1116** a floating point value.
1117** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1118** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1119** a 24-hour day).
1120** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1121** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1122** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1123** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1124**
1125** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1126** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1127** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1128** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1129** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1130** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1131** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1132** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1133** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1134** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1135** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1136*/
1137typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1138typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1139struct sqlite3_vfs {
1140  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1141  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1142  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1143  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1144  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1145  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1146  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1147               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1148  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1149  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1150  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1151  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1152  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1153  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1154  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1155  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1156  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1157  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1158  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1159  /*
1160  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1161  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1162  */
1163  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1164  /*
1165  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1166  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1167  */
1168  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1169  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1170  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1171  /*
1172  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1173  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1174  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1175  */
1176};
1177
1178/*
1179** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1180**
1181** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1182** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1183** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1184** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1185** simply checks whether the file exists.
1186** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1187** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1188** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1189** the directory).
1190** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1191** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1192** release of SQLite.
1193** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1194** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1195** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1196** SQLite.
1197*/
1198#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1199#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1200#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1201
1202/*
1203** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1204**
1205** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1206** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1207** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1208** xShmLock method:
1209**
1210** <ul>
1211** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1212** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1213** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1214** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1215** </ul>
1216**
1217** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1218** was given no the corresponding lock.
1219**
1220** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1221** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1222** and EXCLUSIVE.
1223*/
1224#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1225#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1226#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1227#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1228
1229/*
1230** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1231**
1232** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1233** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1234** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1235** lock outside of this range
1236*/
1237#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1238
1239
1240/*
1241** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1242**
1243** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1244** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1245** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1246** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1247** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1248** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1249**
1250** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1251** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1252** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1253** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1254** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1255** are harmless no-ops.)^
1256**
1257** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1258** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1259** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1260** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1261**
1262** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1263** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1264** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1265** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1266** sqlite3_shutdown().
1267**
1268** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1269** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1270** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1271**
1272** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1273** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1274** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1275** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1276**
1277** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1278** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1279** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1280** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1281** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1282** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1283** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1284** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1285** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1286** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1287** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1288** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1289** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1290** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1291**
1292** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1293** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1294** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1295** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1296** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1297** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1298** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1299**
1300** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1301** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1302** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1303** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1304** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1305** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1306** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1307** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1308** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1309** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1310** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1311** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1312** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1313** failure.
1314*/
1315int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1316int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1317int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1318int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1319
1320/*
1321** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1322**
1323** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1324** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1325** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1326** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1327** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1328**
1329** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1330** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1331** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1332** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1333** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1334** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1335** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1336** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1337** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1338**
1339** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1340** [configuration option] that determines
1341** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1342** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1343** in the first argument.
1344**
1345** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1346** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1347** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1348*/
1349int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1350
1351/*
1352** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1353**
1354** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1355** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1356** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1357** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1358**
1359** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1360** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1361** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1362** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1363**
1364** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1365** the call is considered successful.
1366*/
1367int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1368
1369/*
1370** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1371**
1372** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1373** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1374**
1375** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1376** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1377** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1378** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1379** By creating an instance of this object
1380** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1381** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1382** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1383** dynamic memory needs.
1384**
1385** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1386** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1387** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1388** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1389** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1390** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1391** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1392** conditions.
1393**
1394** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1395** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1396** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1397** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1398**
1399** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1400** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1401** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1402**
1403** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1404** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1405** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1406** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1407** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1408** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1409** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1410**
1411** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1412** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1413** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1414** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1415** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1416** xInit and xShutdown.
1417**
1418** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1419** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1420** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1421** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1422** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1423** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1424** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1425** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1426** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1427** serialization.
1428**
1429** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1430** call to xShutdown().
1431*/
1432typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1433struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1434  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1435  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1436  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1437  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1438  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1439  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1440  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1441  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1442};
1443
1444/*
1445** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1446** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1447**
1448** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1449** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1450**
1451** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1452** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1453** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1454** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1455** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1456** is invoked.
1457**
1458** <dl>
1459** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1460** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1461** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1462** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1463** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1464** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1465** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1466** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1467** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1468** configuration option.</dd>
1469**
1470** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1471** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1472** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1473** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1474** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1475** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1476** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1477** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1478** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1479** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1480** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1481** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1482** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1483**
1484** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1485** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1486** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1487** all mutexes including the recursive
1488** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1489** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1490** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1491** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1492** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1493** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1494** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1495** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1496** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1497** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1498** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1499**
1500** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1501** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1502** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1503** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1504** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1505** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1506** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1507**
1508** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1509** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1510** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1511** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1512** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1513** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1514** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1515**
1516** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1517** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1518** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1519** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1520** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1521**   <ul>
1522**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1523**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1524**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1525**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1526**   </ul>)^
1527** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1528** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1529** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1530** </dd>
1531**
1532** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1533** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1534** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1535** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1536** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1537** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1538** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1539** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1540** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1541** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1542** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1543** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1544** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1545** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1546** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1547**
1548** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1549** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1550** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1551** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1552** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1553** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1554** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1555** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1556** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1557** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1558** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1559** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1560** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1561** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1562** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1563** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1564** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1565** The pointer in the first argument must
1566** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1567** will be undefined.</dd>
1568**
1569** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1570** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1571** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1572** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1573** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1574** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1575** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1576** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1577** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1578** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1579** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1580** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1581** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1582** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1583** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1584** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1585**
1586** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1587** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1588** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1589** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1590** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1591** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1592** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1593** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1594** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1595** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1596** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1597**
1598** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1599** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1600** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1601** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1602** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1603** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1604** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1605** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1606** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1607** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1608** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1609** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1610**
1611** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1612** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1613** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1614** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1615** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1616** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1617** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1618** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1619** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1620**
1621** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1622** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1623** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1624** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1625** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1626**
1627** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1628** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1629** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1630** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1631**
1632** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1633** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1634** global [error log].
1635** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1636** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1637** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1638** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1639** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1640** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1641** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1642** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1643** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1644** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1645** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1646** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1647** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1648** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1649** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1650** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1651**
1652** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1653** <dd>^(This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1654** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1655** is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1656** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1657** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1658** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1659** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1660** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1661** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1662** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1663** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1664**
1665** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1666** <dd>^This option takes a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1667** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1668** full table scans in the query optimizer.  ^The default setting is determined
1669** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1670** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1671** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1672** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1673** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1674** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1675** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1676**
1677** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1678** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1679** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1680** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1681** </dd>
1682**
1683** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1684** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1685** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1686** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1687** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1688** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1689** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1690** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1691** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1692** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1693** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1694** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1695** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1696** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1697** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1698** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1699**
1700** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1701** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1702** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1703** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1704** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1705** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1706** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1707** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1708** cannot be changed at run-time.  Nor may the maximum allowed mmap size
1709** exceed the compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1710** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1711** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1712** changed to its compile-time default.
1713**
1714** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1715** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1716** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
1717** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
1718** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1719** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1720** </dl>
1721*/
1722#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1723#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1724#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1725#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1726#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1727#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1728#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1729#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1730#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1731#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1732#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1733/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1734#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1735#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1736#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1737#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1738#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1739#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1740#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1741#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1742#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1743#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1744#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1745
1746/*
1747** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1748**
1749** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1750** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1751**
1752** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1753** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1754** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1755** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1756** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1757** is invoked.
1758**
1759** <dl>
1760** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1761** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1762** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1763** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1764** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1765** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1766** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1767** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1768** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1769** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1770** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1771** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1772** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1773** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1774** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1775** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1776** when the "current value" returned by
1777** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1778** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1779** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1780** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1781**
1782** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1783** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1784** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1785** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1786** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1787** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1788** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1789** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1790** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1791**
1792** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1793** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1794** There should be two additional arguments.
1795** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1796** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1797** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1798** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1799** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1800** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1801**
1802** </dl>
1803*/
1804#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1805#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1806#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1807
1808
1809/*
1810** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1811**
1812** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1813** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1814** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1815*/
1816int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1817
1818/*
1819** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1820**
1821** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1822** has a unique 64-bit signed
1823** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1824** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1825** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1826** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1827** is another alias for the rowid.
1828**
1829** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1830** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1831** on database connection D.
1832** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1833** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1834** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1835** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1836**
1837** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1838** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1839** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1840** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1841** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1842** table method began.)^
1843**
1844** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1845** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1846** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1847** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1848** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1849** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1850** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1851** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1852** the return value of this interface.)^
1853**
1854** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1855** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1856**
1857** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1858** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1859**
1860** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1861** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1862** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1863** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1864** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1865** last insert [rowid].
1866*/
1867sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1868
1869/*
1870** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1871**
1872** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1873** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1874** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1875** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1876** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1877** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1878** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1879** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1880**
1881** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1882** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1883**
1884** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1885** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1886** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1887** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1888** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1889**
1890** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1891** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1892** Most SQL statements are
1893** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1894** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1895** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1896** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1897**
1898** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1899** not create a new trigger context.
1900**
1901** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1902** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1903** trigger context.
1904**
1905** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1906** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1907** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1908** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1909** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1910** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1911** However, the number returned does not include changes
1912** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1913**
1914** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1915** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1916**
1917** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1918** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1919** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1920*/
1921int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1922
1923/*
1924** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1925**
1926** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1927** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1928** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1929** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1930** [foreign key actions]. However,
1931** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1932** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1933** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1934** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1935** are counted.)^
1936** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1937** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1938** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1939**
1940** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1941** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1942**
1943** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1944** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1945** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1946*/
1947int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1948
1949/*
1950** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1951**
1952** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1953** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1954** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1955** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1956** immediately.
1957**
1958** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1959** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1960** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1961** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1962**
1963** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1964** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1965** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1966**
1967** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1968** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1969** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1970** will be rolled back automatically.
1971**
1972** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1973** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1974** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1975** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1976** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1977** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1978** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1979** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1980** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1981** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1982**
1983** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1984** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1985*/
1986void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1987
1988/*
1989** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1990**
1991** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1992** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1993** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1994** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1995** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1996** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1997** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1998** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1999** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2000** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2001** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2002**
2003** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2004** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2005**
2006** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2007** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2008**
2009** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2010** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2011** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2012** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2013** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2014**
2015** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2016** UTF-8 string.
2017**
2018** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2019** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2020*/
2021int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2022int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2023
2024/*
2025** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2026**
2027** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2028** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2029** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2030** [database connection] D when another thread
2031** or process has the table locked.
2032** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2033** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2034**
2035** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2036** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2037** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2038**
2039** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2040** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2041** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2042** been invoked for the same locking event.  ^If the
2043** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2044** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2045** to the application.
2046** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2047** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2048**
2049** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2050** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2051** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2052** to the application instead of invoking the
2053** busy handler.
2054** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2055** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2056** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2057** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2058** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2059** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2060** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2061** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2062** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2063** the second process to proceed.
2064**
2065** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2066**
2067** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2068** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2069** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2070** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2071** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2072**
2073** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2074** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2075** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2076** result in undefined behavior.
2077**
2078** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2079** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2080*/
2081int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2082
2083/*
2084** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2085**
2086** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2087** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2088** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2089** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2090** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2091** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2092**
2093** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2094** turns off all busy handlers.
2095**
2096** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2097** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
2098** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2099** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2100**
2101** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2102*/
2103int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2104
2105/*
2106** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2107**
2108** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2109** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2110**
2111** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2112** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2113** complete query results from one or more queries.
2114**
2115** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2116** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2117** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2118** and M be the number of columns.
2119**
2120** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2121** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2122** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2123** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2124** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2125** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2126**
2127** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2128** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2129** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2130**
2131** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2132** is as follows:
2133**
2134** <blockquote><pre>
2135**        Name        | Age
2136**        -----------------------
2137**        Alice       | 43
2138**        Bob         | 28
2139**        Cindy       | 21
2140** </pre></blockquote>
2141**
2142** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2143** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2144** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2145**
2146** <blockquote><pre>
2147**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2148**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2149**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2150**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2151**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2152**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2153**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2154**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2155** </pre></blockquote>)^
2156**
2157** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2158** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2159** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2160** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2161**
2162** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2163** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2164** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2165** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2166** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2167** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2168**
2169** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2170** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2171** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2172** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2173** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2174** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2175** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2176*/
2177int sqlite3_get_table(
2178  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2179  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2180  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2181  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2182  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2183  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2184);
2185void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2186
2187/*
2188** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2189**
2190** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2191** from the standard C library.
2192**
2193** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2194** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2195** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2196** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2197** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2198** memory to hold the resulting string.
2199**
2200** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2201** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2202** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2203** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2204** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2205** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2206** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2207** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2208** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2209** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2210** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2211** now without breaking compatibility.
2212**
2213** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2214** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2215** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2216** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2217** written will be n-1 characters.
2218**
2219** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2220**
2221** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2222** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2223** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2224** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2225**
2226** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2227** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2228** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2229** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2230** the string.
2231**
2232** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2233**
2234** <blockquote><pre>
2235**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2236** </pre></blockquote>
2237**
2238** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2239**
2240** <blockquote><pre>
2241**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2242**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2243**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2244** </pre></blockquote>
2245**
2246** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2247** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2248**
2249** <blockquote><pre>
2250**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2251** </pre></blockquote>
2252**
2253** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2254** would have looked like this:
2255**
2256** <blockquote><pre>
2257**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2258** </pre></blockquote>
2259**
2260** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2261** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2262**
2263** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2264** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2265** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2266** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2267**
2268** <blockquote><pre>
2269**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2270**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2271**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2272** </pre></blockquote>
2273**
2274** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2275** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2276**
2277** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2278** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2279** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2280*/
2281char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2282char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2283char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2284char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2285
2286/*
2287** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2288**
2289** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2290** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2291** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2292** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2293**
2294** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2295** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2296** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2297** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2298** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2299** a NULL pointer.
2300**
2301** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2302** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2303** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2304** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2305** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2306** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2307** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2308** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2309** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2310** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2311**
2312** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2313** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2314** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2315** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2316** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2317** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2318** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2319** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2320** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2321** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2322** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2323** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2324** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2325** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2326** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2327** is not freed.
2328**
2329** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2330** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2331** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2332** option is used.
2333**
2334** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2335** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2336** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2337** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2338**
2339** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2340** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2341** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2342** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2343** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2344** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2345** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2346**
2347** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2348** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2349** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2350** not yet been released.
2351**
2352** The application must not read or write any part of
2353** a block of memory after it has been released using
2354** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2355*/
2356void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2357void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2358void sqlite3_free(void*);
2359
2360/*
2361** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2362**
2363** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2364** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2365** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2366**
2367** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2368** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2369** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2370** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2371** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2372** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2373** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2374** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2375** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2376**
2377** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2378** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2379** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2380** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2381** prior to the reset.
2382*/
2383sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2384sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2385
2386/*
2387** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2388**
2389** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2390** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2391** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2392** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2393** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2394**
2395** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2396** ^If N is less than one, then P can be a NULL pointer.
2397**
2398** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2399** call had N less than one, then the PRNG is seeded using randomness
2400** obtained from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2401** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more then
2402** the pseudo-randomness is generated
2403** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2404** method.
2405*/
2406void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2407
2408/*
2409** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2410**
2411** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2412** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2413** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2414** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2415** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2416** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2417** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2418** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2419** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2420** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2421** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2422** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2423** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2424** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2425** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2426**
2427** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2428** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2429** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2430** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2431** access is denied.
2432**
2433** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2434** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2435** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2436** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2437** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2438** details about the action to be authorized.
2439**
2440** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2441** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2442** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2443** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2444** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2445** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2446** columns of a table.
2447** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2448** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2449** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2450**
2451** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2452** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2453** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2454** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2455** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2456** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2457** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2458** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2459** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2460** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2461**
2462** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2463** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2464** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2465** in addition to using an authorizer.
2466**
2467** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2468** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2469** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2470** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2471**
2472** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2473** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2474** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2475** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2476**
2477** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2478** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2479** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2480** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2481**
2482** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2483** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2484** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2485** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2486** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2487*/
2488int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2489  sqlite3*,
2490  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2491  void *pUserData
2492);
2493
2494/*
2495** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2496**
2497** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2498** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2499** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2500** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2501** information.
2502**
2503** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2504** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2505*/
2506#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2507#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2508
2509/*
2510** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2511**
2512** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2513** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2514** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2515** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2516** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2517**
2518** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2519** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2520** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2521** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2522** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2523** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2524** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2525** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2526** top-level SQL code.
2527*/
2528/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2529#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2530#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2531#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2532#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2533#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2534#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2535#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2536#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2537#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2538#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2539#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2540#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2541#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2542#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2543#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2544#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2545#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2546#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2547#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2548#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2549#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2550#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2551#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2552#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2553#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2554#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2555#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2556#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2557#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2558#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2559#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2560#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2561#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2562#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2563
2564/*
2565** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2566**
2567** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2568** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2569**
2570** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2571** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2572** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2573** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2574** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2575** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2576** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2577**
2578** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2579** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2580**
2581** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2582** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2583** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2584** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2585** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2586** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2587** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2588** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2589** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2590** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2591*/
2592void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2593SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2594   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2595
2596/*
2597** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2598**
2599** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2600** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2601** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2602** database connection D.  An example use for this
2603** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2604**
2605** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2606** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2607** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2608** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2609** handler is disabled.
2610**
2611** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2612** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2613** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2614** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2615** than 1.
2616**
2617** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2618** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2619** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2620**
2621** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2622** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2623** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2624** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2625**
2626*/
2627void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2628
2629/*
2630** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2631**
2632** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2633** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2634** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2635** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2636** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2637** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2638** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2639** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2640** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2641** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2642** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2643** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2644**
2645** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2646** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2647** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2648**
2649** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2650** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2651** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2652**
2653** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2654** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2655** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2656** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2657** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2658** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2659** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2660**
2661** <dl>
2662** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2663** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2664** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2665**
2666** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2667** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2668** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2669** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2670**
2671** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2672** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2673** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2674** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2675** </dl>
2676**
2677** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2678** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2679** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2680** then the behavior is undefined.
2681**
2682** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2683** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2684** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2685** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2686** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2687** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2688** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2689** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2690** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2691** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2692** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2693**
2694** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2695** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2696** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2697** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2698**
2699** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2700** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2701** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2702** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2703** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2704** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2705** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2706**
2707** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2708** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2709** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2710**
2711** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2712**
2713** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2714** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2715** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2716** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2717** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2718** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2719** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2720** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2721** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2722** information.
2723**
2724** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2725** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2726** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2727** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2728** present, is ignored.
2729**
2730** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2731** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2732** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2733** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2734** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2735** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2736** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2737**
2738** [[core URI query parameters]]
2739** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2740** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2741** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2742**
2743** <ul>
2744**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2745**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2746**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2747**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2748**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2749**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2750**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2751**
2752**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2753**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2754**     an error)^.
2755**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2756**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2757**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2758**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2759**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2760**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2761**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2762**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2763**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2764**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2765**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2766**
2767**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2768**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2769**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2770**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2771**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2772**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2773**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2774**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2775**
2776**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter may be "true" (or "on" or "yes" or
2777**     "1") or "false" (or "off" or "no" or "0") to indicate that the
2778**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2779**     storage media on which the database file resides.  ^The psow query
2780**     parameter only works for the built-in unix and Windows VFSes.
2781**
2782**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2783**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2784**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2785**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2786**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2787**     processes uses nolock=1.
2788**
2789**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2790**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2791**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2792**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2793**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2794**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2795**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2796**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2797**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2798**
2799** </ul>
2800**
2801** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2802** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2803** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2804** additional information.
2805**
2806** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2807**
2808** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2809** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2810** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2811**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2812** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2813**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2814**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2815**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2816** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2817**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2818** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2819**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2820**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2821**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2822**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2823**          in URI filenames.
2824** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2825**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2826**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2827**          default, use a private cache.
2828** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2829**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2830**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2831** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2832**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2833** </table>
2834**
2835** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2836** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2837** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2838** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2839** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2840** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2841** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2842** the results are undefined.
2843**
2844** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2845** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2846** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2847** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2848** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2849**
2850** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2851** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2852** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2853**
2854** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2855*/
2856int sqlite3_open(
2857  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2858  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2859);
2860int sqlite3_open16(
2861  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2862  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2863);
2864int sqlite3_open_v2(
2865  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2866  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2867  int flags,              /* Flags */
2868  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2869);
2870
2871/*
2872** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2873**
2874** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2875** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2876** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2877**
2878** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2879** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2880** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2881** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2882** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2883** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2884** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2885** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2886** a pointer to an empty string.
2887**
2888** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2889** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2890** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2891** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2892** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2893** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2894** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2895** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2896** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2897** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2898**
2899** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2900** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2901** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2902** zero is returned.
2903**
2904** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2905** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2906** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2907** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2908** undesirable.
2909*/
2910const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2911int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2912sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2913
2914
2915/*
2916** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2917**
2918** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2919** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2920** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2921** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2922** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2923** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2924** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2925** disabled.
2926**
2927** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2928** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2929** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2930** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2931** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2932** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2933**
2934** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2935** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2936** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2937** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2938**
2939** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2940** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2941** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2942** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2943** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2944** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2945** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2946** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2947** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2948**
2949** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2950** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2951** error code and message may or may not be set.
2952*/
2953int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2954int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2955const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2956const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2957const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2958
2959/*
2960** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2961** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2962**
2963** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2964** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2965** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2966**
2967** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2968**
2969** <ol>
2970** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2971**      function.
2972** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2973**      interfaces.
2974** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2975** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2976**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2977** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2978** </ol>
2979**
2980** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2981** information.
2982*/
2983typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2984
2985/*
2986** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2987**
2988** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2989** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2990** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2991** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2992** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2993** new limit for that construct.)^
2994**
2995** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2996** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2997** [limits | hard upper bound]
2998** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2999** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3000** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3001** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3002** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3003**
3004** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3005** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3006** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3007** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3008**
3009** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3010** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3011** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3012** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3013** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3014** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3015** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3016** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3017** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3018** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3019** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3020** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3021**
3022** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3023*/
3024int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3025
3026/*
3027** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3028** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3029**
3030** These constants define various performance limits
3031** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3032** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3033** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3034**
3035** <dl>
3036** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3037** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3038**
3039** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3040** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3041**
3042** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3043** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3044** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3045** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3046**
3047** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3048** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3049**
3050** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3051** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3052**
3053** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3054** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3055** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3056** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3057** SQLite.</dd>)^
3058**
3059** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3060** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3061**
3062** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3063** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3064**
3065** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3066** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3067** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3068** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3069**
3070** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3071** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3072** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3073**
3074** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3075** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3076** </dl>
3077*/
3078#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3079#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3080#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3081#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3082#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3083#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3084#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3085#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3086#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3087#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3088#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3089
3090/*
3091** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3092** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3093**
3094** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3095** program using one of these routines.
3096**
3097** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3098** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3099** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3100**
3101** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3102** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3103** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3104** use UTF-16.
3105**
3106** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
3107** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
3108** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
3109** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
3110** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
3111** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
3112** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
3113** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3114** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
3115** make a copy of the input string.
3116**
3117** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3118** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3119** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3120** what remains uncompiled.
3121**
3122** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3123** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3124** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3125** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3126** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3127** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3128** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3129**
3130** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3131** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3132**
3133** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3134** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3135** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3136** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3137** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3138** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3139** behave differently in three ways:
3140**
3141** <ol>
3142** <li>
3143** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3144** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3145** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3146** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3147** </li>
3148**
3149** <li>
3150** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3151** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3152** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3153** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3154** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3155** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3156** </li>
3157**
3158** <li>
3159** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3160** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3161** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3162** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3163** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3164** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3165** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3166** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3167** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3168** </li>
3169** </ol>
3170*/
3171int sqlite3_prepare(
3172  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3173  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3174  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3175  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3176  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3177);
3178int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3179  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3180  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3181  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3182  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3183  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3184);
3185int sqlite3_prepare16(
3186  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3187  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3188  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3189  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3190  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3191);
3192int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3193  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3194  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3195  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3196  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3197  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3198);
3199
3200/*
3201** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3202**
3203** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3204** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3205** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3206*/
3207const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3208
3209/*
3210** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3211**
3212** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3213** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3214** the content of the database file.
3215**
3216** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3217** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3218** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3219** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3220** change the database file through side-effects:
3221**
3222** <blockquote><pre>
3223**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3224** </pre></blockquote>
3225**
3226** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3227** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3228**
3229** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3230** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3231** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3232** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3233** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3234** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3235** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3236** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3237*/
3238int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3239
3240/*
3241** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3242**
3243** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3244** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3245** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3246** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3247** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3248** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3249** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3250**
3251** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3252** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3253** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3254** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3255** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3256*/
3257int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3258
3259/*
3260** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3261** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3262**
3263** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3264** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3265** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3266** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3267**
3268** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3269** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3270** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3271** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3272** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3273**
3274** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3275** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3276** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3277** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3278** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3279** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3280** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3281** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3282** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3283** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3284** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3285** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3286**
3287** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3288** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3289** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3290** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3291** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3292** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3293** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3294** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3295*/
3296typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3297
3298/*
3299** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3300**
3301** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3302** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3303** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3304** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3305** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3306** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3307** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3308** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3309*/
3310typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3311
3312/*
3313** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3314** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3315** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3316**
3317** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3318** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3319** templates:
3320**
3321** <ul>
3322** <li>  ?
3323** <li>  ?NNN
3324** <li>  :VVV
3325** <li>  @VVV
3326** <li>  $VVV
3327** </ul>
3328**
3329** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3330** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3331** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3332** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3333**
3334** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3335** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3336** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3337**
3338** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3339** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3340** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3341** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3342** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3343** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3344** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3345** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3346** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3347**
3348** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3349** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3350** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3351** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3352**
3353** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3354** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3355** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3356** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3357** is negative, then the length of the string is
3358** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3359** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3360** the behavior is undefined.
3361** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3362** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3363** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3364** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3365** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3366** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3367** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3368**
3369** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3370** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3371** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3372** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3373** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3374** ^If the fifth argument is
3375** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3376** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3377** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3378** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3379** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3380**
3381** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3382** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3383** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3384** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3385** content is later written using
3386** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3387** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3388**
3389** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3390** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3391** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3392** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3393** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3394** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3395**
3396** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3397** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3398**
3399** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3400** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3401** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3402** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3403**
3404** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3405** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3406*/
3407int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3408int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3409int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3410int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3411int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3412int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3413int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3414int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3415int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3416
3417/*
3418** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3419**
3420** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3421** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3422** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3423** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3424** to the parameters at a later time.
3425**
3426** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3427** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3428** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3429** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3430**
3431** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3432** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3433** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3434*/
3435int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3436
3437/*
3438** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3439**
3440** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3441** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3442** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3443** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3444** respectively.
3445** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3446** is included as part of the name.)^
3447** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3448** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3449**
3450** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3451**
3452** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3453** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3454** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3455** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3456** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3457**
3458** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3459** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3460** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3461*/
3462const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3463
3464/*
3465** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3466**
3467** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3468** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3469** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3470** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3471** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3472** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3473**
3474** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3475** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3476** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3477*/
3478int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3479
3480/*
3481** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3482**
3483** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3484** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3485** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3486*/
3487int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3488
3489/*
3490** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3491**
3492** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3493** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3494** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3495**
3496** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3497*/
3498int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3499
3500/*
3501** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3502**
3503** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3504** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3505** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3506** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3507** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3508** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3509** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3510**
3511** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3512** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3513** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3514** or until the next call to
3515** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3516**
3517** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3518** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3519** NULL pointer is returned.
3520**
3521** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3522** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3523** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3524** one release of SQLite to the next.
3525*/
3526const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3527const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3528
3529/*
3530** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3531**
3532** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3533** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3534** [SELECT] statement.
3535** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3536** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3537** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3538** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3539** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3540** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3541** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3542** or until the same information is requested
3543** again in a different encoding.
3544**
3545** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3546** database, table, and column.
3547**
3548** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3549** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3550** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3551** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3552**
3553** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3554** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3555** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3556** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3557** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3558**
3559** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3560** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3561**
3562** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3563** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3564**
3565** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3566** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3567** undefined.
3568**
3569** If two or more threads call one or more
3570** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3571** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3572** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3573*/
3574const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3575const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3576const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3577const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3578const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3579const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3580
3581/*
3582** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3583**
3584** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3585** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3586** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3587** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3588** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3589** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3590** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3591**
3592** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3593**
3594** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3595**
3596** and the following statement to be compiled:
3597**
3598** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3599**
3600** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3601** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3602**
3603** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3604** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3605** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3606** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3607** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3608** used to hold those values.
3609*/
3610const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3611const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3612
3613/*
3614** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3615**
3616** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3617** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3618** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3619** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3620**
3621** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3622** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3623** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3624** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3625** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3626** interface will continue to be supported.
3627**
3628** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3629** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3630** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3631** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3632**
3633** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3634** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3635** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3636** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3637** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3638** continuing.
3639**
3640** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3641** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3642** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3643** machine back to its initial state.
3644**
3645** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3646** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3647** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3648** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3649**
3650** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3651** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3652** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3653** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3654** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3655** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3656** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3657** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3658**
3659** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3660** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3661** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3662** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3663** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3664** more threads at the same moment in time.
3665**
3666** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3667** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3668** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3669** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3670** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3671** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3672** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3673** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3674** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3675** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3676** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3677**
3678** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3679** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3680** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3681** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3682** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3683** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3684** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3685** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3686** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3687** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3688** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3689*/
3690int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3691
3692/*
3693** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3694**
3695** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3696** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3697** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3698** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3699** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3700** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3701** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3702** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3703** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3704** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3705** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3706** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3707**
3708** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3709*/
3710int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3711
3712/*
3713** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3714** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3715**
3716** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3717**
3718** <ul>
3719** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3720** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3721** <li> string
3722** <li> BLOB
3723** <li> NULL
3724** </ul>)^
3725**
3726** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3727**
3728** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3729** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3730** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3731** SQLITE_TEXT.
3732*/
3733#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3734#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3735#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3736#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3737#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3738# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3739#else
3740# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3741#endif
3742#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3743
3744/*
3745** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3746** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3747**
3748** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3749**
3750** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3751** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3752** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3753** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3754** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3755** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3756** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3757** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3758**
3759** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3760** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3761** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3762** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3763** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3764** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3765** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3766** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3767** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3768** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3769** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3770**
3771** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3772** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3773** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3774** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3775** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3776** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3777** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3778** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3779** following a type conversion.
3780**
3781** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3782** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3783** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3784** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3785** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3786** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3787** the number of bytes in that string.
3788** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3789**
3790** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3791** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3792** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3793** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3794** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3795** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3796** the number of bytes in that string.
3797** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3798**
3799** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3800** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3801** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3802** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3803** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3804**
3805** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3806** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3807** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3808**
3809** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3810** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3811** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3812** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3813** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3814** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3815** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3816**
3817** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3818** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3819** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3820** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3821** that are applied:
3822**
3823** <blockquote>
3824** <table border="1">
3825** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3826**
3827** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3828** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3829** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3830** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3831** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3832** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3833** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3834** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3835** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3836** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3837** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3838** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3839** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3840** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3841** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3842** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3843** </table>
3844** </blockquote>)^
3845**
3846** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3847** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3848** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3849** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3850** C programmers.
3851**
3852** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3853** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3854** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3855** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3856** in the following cases:
3857**
3858** <ul>
3859** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3860**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3861**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3862** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3863**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3864**      to UTF-16.</li>
3865** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3866**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3867**      to UTF-8.</li>
3868** </ul>
3869**
3870** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3871** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3872** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3873** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3874** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3875**
3876** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3877** in one of the following ways:
3878**
3879** <ul>
3880**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3881**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3882**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3883** </ul>
3884**
3885** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3886** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3887** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3888** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3889** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3890** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3891** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3892**
3893** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3894** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3895** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3896** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3897** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3898** [sqlite3_free()].
3899**
3900** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3901** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3902** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3903** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3904** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3905*/
3906const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3907int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3908int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3909double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3910int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3911sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3912const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3913const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3914int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3915sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3916
3917/*
3918** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3919**
3920** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3921** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3922** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3923** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3924** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3925** [extended error code].
3926**
3927** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3928** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3929** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3930** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3931** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3932** completed execution.
3933**
3934** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3935**
3936** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3937** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3938** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3939** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3940** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3941*/
3942int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3943
3944/*
3945** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3946**
3947** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3948** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3949** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3950** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3951** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3952**
3953** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3954** back to the beginning of its program.
3955**
3956** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3957** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3958** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3959** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3960**
3961** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3962** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3963** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3964**
3965** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3966** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3967*/
3968int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3969
3970/*
3971** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3972** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3973** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3974** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3975**
3976** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3977** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3978** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3979** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3980** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3981** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3982** the application data pointer.
3983**
3984** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3985** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3986** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3987** to each database connection separately.
3988**
3989** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3990** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3991** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3992** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3993** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3994** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3995**
3996** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3997** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3998** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3999** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4000** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4001** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4002** undefined.
4003**
4004** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4005** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4006** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4007** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4008** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4009** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4010** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4011** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4012** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4013** each encoding.
4014** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4015** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4016**
4017** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4018** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4019** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4020** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4021** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4022** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4023** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4024**
4025** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4026** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4027**
4028** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4029** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4030** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4031** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4032** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4033** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4034** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4035** callbacks.
4036**
4037** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4038** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4039** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4040** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4041** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4042** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4043** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4044** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4045** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4046**
4047** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4048** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4049** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4050** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4051** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4052** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4053** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4054** matches the database encoding is a better
4055** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4056** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4057** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4058** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4059**
4060** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4061**
4062** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4063** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4064** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4065** statement in which the function is running.
4066*/
4067int sqlite3_create_function(
4068  sqlite3 *db,
4069  const char *zFunctionName,
4070  int nArg,
4071  int eTextRep,
4072  void *pApp,
4073  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4074  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4075  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4076);
4077int sqlite3_create_function16(
4078  sqlite3 *db,
4079  const void *zFunctionName,
4080  int nArg,
4081  int eTextRep,
4082  void *pApp,
4083  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4084  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4085  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4086);
4087int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4088  sqlite3 *db,
4089  const char *zFunctionName,
4090  int nArg,
4091  int eTextRep,
4092  void *pApp,
4093  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4094  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4095  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4096  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4097);
4098
4099/*
4100** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4101**
4102** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4103** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4104*/
4105#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
4106#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
4107#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
4108#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4109#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4110#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4111
4112/*
4113** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4114**
4115** These constants may be ORed together with the
4116** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4117** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4118** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4119*/
4120#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4121
4122/*
4123** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4124** DEPRECATED
4125**
4126** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4127** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4128** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4129** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
4130** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
4131*/
4132#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4133SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4134SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4135SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4136SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4137SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4138SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4139                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4140#endif
4141
4142/*
4143** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4144**
4145** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4146** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4147** the function or aggregate.
4148**
4149** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4150** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4151** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4152** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4153** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4154** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4155** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4156**
4157** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4158** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4159** object results in undefined behavior.
4160**
4161** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4162** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4163** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4164**
4165** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4166** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4167** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4168** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4169**
4170** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4171** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4172** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4173** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4174** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4175** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4176** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4177**
4178** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4179** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4180** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4181** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4182** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4183**
4184** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4185** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4186*/
4187const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4188int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4189int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4190double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4191int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4192sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4193const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4194const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4195const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4196const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4197int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4198int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4199
4200/*
4201** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4202**
4203** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4204** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4205**
4206** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4207** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4208** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4209** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4210** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4211** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4212** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4213** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4214** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4215** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4216** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4217** first time from within xFinal().)^
4218**
4219** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4220** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4221** allocate error occurs.
4222**
4223** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4224** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4225** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4226** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4227** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4228** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4229** pointless memory allocations occur.
4230**
4231** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4232** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4233**
4234** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4235** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4236** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4237** function.
4238**
4239** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4240** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4241*/
4242void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4243
4244/*
4245** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4246**
4247** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4248** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4249** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4250** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4251** registered the application defined function.
4252**
4253** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4254** the application-defined function is running.
4255*/
4256void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4257
4258/*
4259** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4260**
4261** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4262** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4263** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4264** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4265** registered the application defined function.
4266*/
4267sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4268
4269/*
4270** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4271**
4272** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4273** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4274** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4275** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4276** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4277** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4278** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4279** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4280** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4281** invocations of the same function.
4282**
4283** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4284** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4285** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4286** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4287** returns a NULL pointer.
4288**
4289** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4290** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4291** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4292** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4293** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4294** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4295** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4296** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4297** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4298** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4299** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4300**      SQL statement, or
4301** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4302** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4303**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4304**
4305** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4306** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4307** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4308** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4309** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4310** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4311**
4312** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4313** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4314** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4315**
4316** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4317** the SQL function is running.
4318*/
4319void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4320void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4321
4322
4323/*
4324** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4325**
4326** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4327** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4328** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4329** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4330** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4331** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4332** the content before returning.
4333**
4334** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4335** C++ compilers.
4336*/
4337typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4338#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4339#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4340
4341/*
4342** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4343**
4344** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4345** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4346** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4347** for additional information.
4348**
4349** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4350** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4351** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4352**
4353** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4354** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4355** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4356** third parameter.
4357**
4358** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4359** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4360** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4361**
4362** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4363** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4364** by its 2nd argument.
4365**
4366** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4367** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4368** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4369** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4370** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4371** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4372** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4373** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4374** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4375** message all text up through the first zero character.
4376** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4377** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4378** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4379** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4380** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4381** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4382** modify the text after they return without harm.
4383** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4384** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4385** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4386** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4387**
4388** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4389** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4390**
4391** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4392** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4393**
4394** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4395** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4396** value given in the 2nd argument.
4397** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4398** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4399** value given in the 2nd argument.
4400**
4401** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4402** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4403**
4404** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4405** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4406** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4407** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4408** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4409** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4410** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4411** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4412** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4413** through the first zero character.
4414** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4415** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4416** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4417** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4418** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4419** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4420** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4421** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4422** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4423** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4424** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4425** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4426** finished using that result.
4427** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4428** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4429** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4430** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4431** when it has finished using that result.
4432** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4433** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4434** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4435** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4436**
4437** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4438** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4439** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4440** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4441** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4442** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4443** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4444** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4445** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4446**
4447** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4448** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4449** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4450*/
4451void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4452void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4453void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4454void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4455void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4456void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4457void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4458void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4459void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4460void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4461void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4462void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4463void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4464void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4465void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4466void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4467
4468/*
4469** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4470**
4471** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4472** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4473**
4474** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4475** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4476** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4477** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4478** considered to be the same name.
4479**
4480** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4481** <ul>
4482** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4483** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4484** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4485** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4486** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4487** </ul>)^
4488** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4489** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4490** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4491** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4492** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4493** on an even byte address.
4494**
4495** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4496** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4497**
4498** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4499** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4500** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4501** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4502** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4503** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4504** that collation is no longer usable.
4505**
4506** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4507** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4508** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4509** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4510** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4511** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4512** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4513** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4514** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4515** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4516** strings A, B, and C:
4517**
4518** <ol>
4519** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4520** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4521** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4522** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4523** </ol>
4524**
4525** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4526** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4527** is undefined.
4528**
4529** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4530** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4531** the collating function is deleted.
4532** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4533** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4534** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4535**
4536** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4537** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4538** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4539** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4540** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4541** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4542** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4543** compatibility.
4544**
4545** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4546*/
4547int sqlite3_create_collation(
4548  sqlite3*,
4549  const char *zName,
4550  int eTextRep,
4551  void *pArg,
4552  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4553);
4554int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4555  sqlite3*,
4556  const char *zName,
4557  int eTextRep,
4558  void *pArg,
4559  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4560  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4561);
4562int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4563  sqlite3*,
4564  const void *zName,
4565  int eTextRep,
4566  void *pArg,
4567  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4568);
4569
4570/*
4571** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4572**
4573** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4574** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4575** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4576** sequence is required.
4577**
4578** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4579** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4580** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4581** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4582** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4583**
4584** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4585** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4586** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4587** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4588** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4589** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4590** required collation sequence.)^
4591**
4592** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4593** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4594** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4595*/
4596int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4597  sqlite3*,
4598  void*,
4599  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4600);
4601int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4602  sqlite3*,
4603  void*,
4604  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4605);
4606
4607#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4608/*
4609** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4610** called right after sqlite3_open().
4611**
4612** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4613** of SQLite.
4614*/
4615int sqlite3_key(
4616  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4617  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4618);
4619int sqlite3_key_v2(
4620  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4621  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4622  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4623);
4624
4625/*
4626** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4627** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4628** database is decrypted.
4629**
4630** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4631** of SQLite.
4632*/
4633int sqlite3_rekey(
4634  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4635  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4636);
4637int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4638  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4639  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4640  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4641);
4642
4643/*
4644** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4645** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4646*/
4647void sqlite3_activate_see(
4648  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4649);
4650#endif
4651
4652#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4653/*
4654** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4655** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4656*/
4657void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4658  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4659);
4660#endif
4661
4662/*
4663** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4664**
4665** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4666** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4667**
4668** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4669** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4670** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4671** requested from the operating system is returned.
4672**
4673** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4674** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4675** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4676** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4677** in the previous paragraphs.
4678*/
4679int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4680
4681/*
4682** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4683**
4684** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4685** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4686** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4687** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4688** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4689** temporary file directory.
4690**
4691** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4692** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4693** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4694** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4695** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4696** be avoided in new projects.
4697**
4698** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4699** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4700** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4701** thread.
4702** It is intended that this variable be set once
4703** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4704** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4705** thereafter.
4706**
4707** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4708** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4709** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4710** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4711** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4712** using [sqlite3_free].
4713** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4714** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4715** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4716** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4717** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4718** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4719** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4720** objects have been destroyed.
4721**
4722** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4723** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4724** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4725** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4726**
4727** <blockquote><pre>
4728** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4729** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4730** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4731** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4732** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4733** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4734** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4735** </pre></blockquote>
4736*/
4737SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4738
4739/*
4740** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4741**
4742** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4743** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4744** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4745** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4746** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4747** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4748** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4749** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4750** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4751**
4752** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4753** open can result in a corrupt database.
4754**
4755** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4756** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4757** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4758** thread.
4759** It is intended that this variable be set once
4760** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4761** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4762** thereafter.
4763**
4764** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4765** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4766** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4767** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4768** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4769** using [sqlite3_free].
4770** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4771** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4772** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4773*/
4774SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4775
4776/*
4777** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4778** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4779**
4780** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4781** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4782** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4783** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4784** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4785**
4786** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4787** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4788** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4789** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4790** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4791** an error is to use this function.
4792**
4793** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4794** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4795** is undefined.
4796*/
4797int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4798
4799/*
4800** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4801**
4802** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4803** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4804** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4805** that was the first argument
4806** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4807** create the statement in the first place.
4808*/
4809sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4810
4811/*
4812** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4813**
4814** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4815** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4816** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4817** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4818** a NULL pointer is returned.
4819**
4820** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4821** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4822** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4823** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4824*/
4825const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4826
4827/*
4828** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4829**
4830** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4831** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4832** the name of a database on connection D.
4833*/
4834int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4835
4836/*
4837** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4838**
4839** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4840** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4841** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4842** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4843** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4844**
4845** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4846** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4847** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4848*/
4849sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4850
4851/*
4852** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4853**
4854** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4855** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4856** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4857** for the same database connection is overridden.
4858** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4859** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4860** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4861** for the same database connection is overridden.
4862** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4863** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4864** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4865**
4866** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4867** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4868** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4869** the first call for each function on D.
4870**
4871** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4872** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4873** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4874** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4875** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4876** or rollback hook in the first place.
4877** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4878** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4879** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4880**
4881** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4882**
4883** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4884** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4885** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4886** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4887** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4888**
4889** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4890** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4891** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4892** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4893** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4894**
4895** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4896*/
4897void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4898void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4899
4900/*
4901** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4902**
4903** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4904** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4905** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
4906** a rowid table.
4907** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4908** for the same database connection is overridden.
4909**
4910** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4911** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
4912** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4913** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4914** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4915** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4916** to be invoked.
4917** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4918** database and table name containing the affected row.
4919** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4920** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4921**
4922** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4923** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4924** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
4925**
4926** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4927** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4928** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4929** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4930** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4931** release of SQLite.
4932**
4933** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4934** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4935** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4936** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4937** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4938** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4939**
4940** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4941** returns the P argument from the previous call
4942** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4943** the first call on D.
4944**
4945** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4946** interfaces.
4947*/
4948void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4949  sqlite3*,
4950  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4951  void*
4952);
4953
4954/*
4955** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4956**
4957** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4958** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4959** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4960** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4961**
4962** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4963** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4964** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4965**
4966** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4967** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4968** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4969** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4970**
4971** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4972** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4973**
4974** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4975** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4976** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4977**
4978** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
4979** 32-bit integer is atomic.
4980**
4981** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4982*/
4983int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4984
4985/*
4986** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4987**
4988** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4989** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4990** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4991** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4992** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4993** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4994** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4995** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4996**
4997** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4998*/
4999int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5000
5001/*
5002** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5003**
5004** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5005** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5006** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5007** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5008** omitted.
5009**
5010** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5011*/
5012int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5013
5014/*
5015** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5016**
5017** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5018** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5019** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5020** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5021** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5022** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5023** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5024** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5025** is advisory only.
5026**
5027** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5028** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5029** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5030** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5031** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5032** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5033**
5034** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5035**
5036** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5037** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5038**
5039** <ul>
5040** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5041** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5042**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5043**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5044** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5045**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5046** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5047**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5048**      from the heap.
5049** </ul>)^
5050**
5051** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5052** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5053** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5054** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5055** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5056** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5057** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5058** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5059** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5060**
5061** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5062** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5063*/
5064sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5065
5066/*
5067** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5068** DEPRECATED
5069**
5070** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5071** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5072** only.  All new applications should use the
5073** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5074*/
5075SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5076
5077
5078/*
5079** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5080**
5081** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
5082** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
5083** passed as the first function argument.
5084**
5085** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5086** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
5087** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5088** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5089** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5090** resolve unqualified table references.
5091**
5092** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5093** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
5094** may be NULL.
5095**
5096** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5097** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5098** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5099**
5100** ^(<blockquote>
5101** <table border="1">
5102** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5103**
5104** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5105** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5106** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5107** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5108** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5109** </table>
5110** </blockquote>)^
5111**
5112** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5113** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
5114** call to any SQLite API function.
5115**
5116** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5117**
5118** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
5119** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5120** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5121** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
5122** parameters are set as follows:
5123**
5124** <pre>
5125**     data type: "INTEGER"
5126**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5127**     not null: 0
5128**     primary key: 1
5129**     auto increment: 0
5130** </pre>)^
5131**
5132** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
5133** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
5134** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
5135** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
5136**
5137** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5138** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5139*/
5140int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5141  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5142  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5143  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5144  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5145  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5146  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5147  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5148  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5149  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5150);
5151
5152/*
5153** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5154**
5155** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5156**
5157** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5158** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5159** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5160** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5161** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5162** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5163** be tried also.
5164**
5165** ^The entry point is zProc.
5166** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5167** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5168** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5169** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5170** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5171** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5172** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5173** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5174** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5175** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5176** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5177** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5178** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5179**
5180** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5181** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5182** otherwise an error will be returned.
5183**
5184** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5185*/
5186int sqlite3_load_extension(
5187  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5188  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5189  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5190  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5191);
5192
5193/*
5194** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5195**
5196** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5197** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5198** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5199** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5200**
5201** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5202** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5203** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5204** it back off again.
5205*/
5206int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5207
5208/*
5209** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5210**
5211** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5212** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5213** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5214** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5215**
5216** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5217** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5218** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5219** entry point where as follows:
5220**
5221** <blockquote><pre>
5222** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5223** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5224** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5225** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5226** &nbsp;  );
5227** </pre></blockquote>)^
5228**
5229** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5230** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5231** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5232** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5233** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5234** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5235** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5236**
5237** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5238** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5239** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5240**
5241** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5242** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5243*/
5244int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5245
5246/*
5247** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5248**
5249** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5250** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5251** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5252** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5253** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5254** routines.
5255*/
5256int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5257
5258/*
5259** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5260**
5261** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5262** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5263*/
5264void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5265
5266/*
5267** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5268** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5269** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5270**
5271** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5272** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5273*/
5274
5275/*
5276** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5277*/
5278typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5279typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5280typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5281typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5282
5283/*
5284** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5285** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5286**
5287** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5288** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5289** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5290**
5291** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5292** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5293** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5294** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5295** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5296** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5297** any database connection.
5298*/
5299struct sqlite3_module {
5300  int iVersion;
5301  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5302               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5303               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5304  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5305               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5306               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5307  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5308  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5309  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5310  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5311  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5312  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5313                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5314  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5315  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5316  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5317  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5318  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5319  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5320  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5321  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5322  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5323  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5324                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5325                       void **ppArg);
5326  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5327  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5328  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5329  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5330  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5331  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5332};
5333
5334/*
5335** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5336** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5337**
5338** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5339** of the [virtual table] interface to
5340** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5341** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5342** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5343** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5344**
5345** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5346**
5347** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5348**
5349** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5350** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5351** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5352** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5353** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5354** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5355** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5356**
5357** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5358** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5359** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5360** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5361** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5362**
5363** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5364** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5365**
5366** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5367** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5368** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5369** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5370** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5371** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5372**
5373** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5374** [xFilter] method.
5375** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5376** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5377**
5378** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5379** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5380** sorting step is required.
5381**
5382** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5383** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5384** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5385** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5386** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5387**
5388** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5389** will be returned by the strategy.
5390**
5391** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5392** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5393** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5394** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5395** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5396** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5397** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5398*/
5399struct sqlite3_index_info {
5400  /* Inputs */
5401  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5402  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5403     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5404     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5405     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5406     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5407  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5408  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5409  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5410     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5411     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5412  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5413  /* Outputs */
5414  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5415    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5416    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5417  } *aConstraintUsage;
5418  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5419  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5420  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5421  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5422  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5423  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5424  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5425};
5426
5427/*
5428** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5429**
5430** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5431** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5432** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5433** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5434*/
5435#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5436#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5437#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5438#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5439#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5440#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5441
5442/*
5443** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5444**
5445** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5446** ^Module names must be registered before
5447** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5448** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5449**
5450** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5451** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5452** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5453** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5454** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5455** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5456** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5457**
5458** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5459** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5460** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5461** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5462** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5463** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5464** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5465** destructor.
5466*/
5467int sqlite3_create_module(
5468  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5469  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5470  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5471  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5472);
5473int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5474  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5475  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5476  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5477  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5478  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5479);
5480
5481/*
5482** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5483** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5484**
5485** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5486** of this object to describe a particular instance
5487** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5488** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5489** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5490** common to all module implementations.
5491**
5492** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5493** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5494** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5495** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5496** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5497** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5498*/
5499struct sqlite3_vtab {
5500  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5501  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5502  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5503  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5504};
5505
5506/*
5507** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5508** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5509**
5510** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5511** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5512** [virtual table] and are used
5513** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5514** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5515** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5516** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5517** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5518** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5519**
5520** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5521** are common to all implementations.
5522*/
5523struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5524  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5525  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5526};
5527
5528/*
5529** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5530**
5531** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5532** [virtual table module] call this interface
5533** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5534** the virtual tables they implement.
5535*/
5536int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5537
5538/*
5539** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5540**
5541** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5542** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5543** But global versions of those functions
5544** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5545**
5546** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5547** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5548** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5549** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5550** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5551** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5552** by a [virtual table].
5553*/
5554int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5555
5556/*
5557** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5558** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5559** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5560** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5561**
5562** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5563** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5564*/
5565
5566/*
5567** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5568** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5569**
5570** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5571** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5572** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5573** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5574** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5575** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5576** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5577*/
5578typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5579
5580/*
5581** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5582**
5583** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5584** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5585** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5586**
5587** <pre>
5588**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5589** </pre>)^
5590**
5591** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5592** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5593** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5594** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5595** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5596**
5597** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5598** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5599** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5600** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5601** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5602**
5603** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5604** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5605** to be a null pointer.)^
5606** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5607** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5608** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5609** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5610** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5611**
5612** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5613** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5614** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5615** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5616** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5617** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5618** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5619** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5620** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5621** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5622**
5623** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5624** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5625** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5626** blob.
5627**
5628** ^The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface will fail for a [WITHOUT ROWID]
5629** table.  Incremental BLOB I/O is not possible on [WITHOUT ROWID] tables.
5630**
5631** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5632** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5633** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5634** this interface.
5635**
5636** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5637** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5638*/
5639int sqlite3_blob_open(
5640  sqlite3*,
5641  const char *zDb,
5642  const char *zTable,
5643  const char *zColumn,
5644  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5645  int flags,
5646  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5647);
5648
5649/*
5650** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5651**
5652** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5653** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5654** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5655** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5656** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5657** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5658**
5659** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5660** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5661** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5662** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5663** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5664** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5665** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5666** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5667** always returns zero.
5668**
5669** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5670*/
5671SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5672
5673/*
5674** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5675**
5676** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5677**
5678** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5679** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5680** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5681** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5682** until the close operation if they will fit.
5683**
5684** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5685** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5686** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5687** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5688**
5689** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5690** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5691**
5692** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5693** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5694*/
5695int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5696
5697/*
5698** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5699**
5700** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5701** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5702** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5703** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5704**
5705** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5706** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5707** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5708** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5709*/
5710int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5711
5712/*
5713** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5714**
5715** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5716** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5717** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5718**
5719** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5720** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5721** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5722** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5723** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5724**
5725** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5726** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5727**
5728** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5729** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5730**
5731** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5732** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5733** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5734** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5735**
5736** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5737*/
5738int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5739
5740/*
5741** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5742**
5743** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5744** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5745** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5746**
5747** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5748** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5749** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5750**
5751** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5752** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5753** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5754** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5755** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5756** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5757** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5758**
5759** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5760** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5761** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5762** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5763** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5764** or by other independent statements.
5765**
5766** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5767** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5768**
5769** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5770** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5771** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5772** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5773**
5774** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5775*/
5776int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5777
5778/*
5779** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5780**
5781** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5782** that SQLite uses to interact
5783** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5784** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5785** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5786** The following interfaces are provided.
5787**
5788** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5789** ^Names are case sensitive.
5790** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5791** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5792** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5793**
5794** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5795** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5796** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5797** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5798** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5799** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5800** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5801** then the behavior is undefined.
5802**
5803** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5804** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5805** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5806*/
5807sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5808int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5809int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5810
5811/*
5812** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5813**
5814** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5815** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5816** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5817** permitted to use any of these routines.
5818**
5819** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5820** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5821** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5822** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5823**
5824** <ul>
5825** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5826** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5827** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5828** </ul>)^
5829**
5830** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5831** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5832** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5833** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5834** and Windows.
5835**
5836** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5837** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5838** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5839** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5840** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5841** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5842** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5843**
5844** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5845** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5846** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5847** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5848** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5849**
5850** <ul>
5851** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5852** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5853** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5854** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5855** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
5856** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5857** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5858** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
5859** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
5860** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
5861** </ul>)^
5862**
5863** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5864** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5865** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5866** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5867** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5868** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5869** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5870** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5871** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5872** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5873**
5874** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5875** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5876** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5877** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5878** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5879** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5880** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5881** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5882**
5883** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5884** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5885** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5886** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5887** the same type number.
5888**
5889** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5890** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5891** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5892** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5893** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5894** a static mutex.
5895**
5896** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5897** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5898** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5899** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5900** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5901** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5902** In such cases the,
5903** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5904** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5905** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5906** SQLite will never exhibit
5907** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5908**
5909** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5910** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5911** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5912** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5913**
5914** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5915** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5916** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5917** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5918** never do either.)^
5919**
5920** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5921** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5922** behave as no-ops.
5923**
5924** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5925*/
5926sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5927void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5928void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5929int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5930void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5931
5932/*
5933** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5934**
5935** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5936** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5937**
5938** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5939** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5940** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5941** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5942** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5943** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5944** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5945** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5946** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5947**
5948** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5949** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5950** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5951** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5952**
5953** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5954** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5955** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5956** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5957** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5958** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5959**
5960** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5961** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5962** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5963**
5964** <ul>
5965**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5966**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5967**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5968**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5969**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5970**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5971**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5972** </ul>)^
5973**
5974** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5975** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5976** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5977** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5978** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5979** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5980** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5981**
5982** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5983** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5984** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5985** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5986**
5987** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5988** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5989** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5990** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5991**
5992** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5993** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5994** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5995** prior to returning.
5996*/
5997typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5998struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5999  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6000  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6001  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6002  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6003  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6004  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6005  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6006  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6007  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6008};
6009
6010/*
6011** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6012**
6013** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6014** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
6015** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6016** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
6017** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6018** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
6019** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6020** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6021**
6022** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6023** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6024**
6025** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6026** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6027** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6028** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6029**
6030** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6031** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6032** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6033** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6034** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6035** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6036** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6037** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6038*/
6039#ifndef NDEBUG
6040int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6041int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6042#endif
6043
6044/*
6045** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6046**
6047** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6048** which is one of these integer constants.
6049**
6050** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6051** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6052** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6053*/
6054#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6055#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6056#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6057#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6058#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6059#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6060#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6061#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6062#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6063#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6064#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6065#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6066#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6067
6068/*
6069** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6070**
6071** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6072** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6073** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6074** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6075** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6076*/
6077sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6078
6079/*
6080** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6081**
6082** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6083** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6084** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6085** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6086** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6087** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6088** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6089** main database file.
6090** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6091** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6092** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6093** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6094**
6095** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6096** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6097** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6098** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6099** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6100**
6101** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6102** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6103** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6104** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6105** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6106** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6107** xFileControl method.
6108**
6109** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6110*/
6111int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6112
6113/*
6114** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6115**
6116** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6117** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6118** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6119** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6120**
6121** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6122** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6123** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6124**
6125** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6126** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6127** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6128** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6129*/
6130int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6131
6132/*
6133** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6134**
6135** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6136** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6137**
6138** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6139** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6140** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6141** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6142*/
6143#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6144#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6145#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6146#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6147#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6148#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6149#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6150#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6151#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6152#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6153#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6154#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6155#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6156#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6157#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6158#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
6159#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6160#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6161#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6162#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6163#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    23
6164
6165/*
6166** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6167**
6168** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6169** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6170** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6171** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6172** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6173** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6174** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6175** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6176** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6177** value.  For those parameters
6178** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6179** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6180** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6181**
6182** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6183** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6184**
6185** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6186** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6187** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6188** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6189** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6190** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6191**
6192** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6193*/
6194int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6195
6196
6197/*
6198** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6199** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6200**
6201** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6202** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6203**
6204** <dl>
6205** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6206** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6207** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6208** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6209** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6210** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6211** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6212** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6213** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6214**
6215** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6216** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6217** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6218** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6219** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6220** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6221**
6222** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6223** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6224** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6225**
6226** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6227** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6228** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6229** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6230** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6231**
6232** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6233** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6234** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6235** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6236** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6237** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6238** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6239** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6240** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6241**
6242** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6243** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6244** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6245** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6246** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6247**
6248** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6249** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6250** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6251** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6252** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6253** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6254** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6255**
6256** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6257** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6258** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6259** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6260** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6261** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6262** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6263** slots were available.
6264** </dd>)^
6265**
6266** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6267** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6268** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6269** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6270** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6271**
6272** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6273** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6274** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6275** </dl>
6276**
6277** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6278*/
6279#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6280#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6281#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6282#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6283#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6284#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6285#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6286#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6287#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6288#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6289
6290/*
6291** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6292**
6293** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6294** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6295** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6296** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6297** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6298** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6299** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6300** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6301**
6302** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6303** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6304** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6305** reset back down to the current value.
6306**
6307** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6308** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6309**
6310** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6311*/
6312int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6313
6314/*
6315** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6316** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6317**
6318** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6319** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6320**
6321** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6322** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6323** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6324** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6325** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6326**
6327** <dl>
6328** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6329** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6330** checked out.</dd>)^
6331**
6332** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6333** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6334** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6335** the current value is always zero.)^
6336**
6337** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6338** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6339** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6340** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6341** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6342** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6343** the current value is always zero.)^
6344**
6345** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6346** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6347** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6348** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6349** memory already being in use.
6350** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6351** the current value is always zero.)^
6352**
6353** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6354** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6355** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6356** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6357**
6358** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6359** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6360** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6361** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6362** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6363** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6364** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6365** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6366**
6367** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6368** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6369** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6370** the database connection.)^
6371** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6372** </dd>
6373**
6374** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6375** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6376** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6377** is always 0.
6378** </dd>
6379**
6380** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6381** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6382** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6383** is always 0.
6384** </dd>
6385**
6386** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6387** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6388** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6389** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6390** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6391** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6392** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6393** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6394** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6395** </dd>
6396**
6397** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6398** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6399** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6400** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6401** </dd>
6402** </dl>
6403*/
6404#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6405#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6406#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6407#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6408#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6409#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6410#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6411#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6412#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6413#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6414#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6415#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6416
6417
6418/*
6419** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6420**
6421** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6422** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6423** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6424** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6425** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6426** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6427** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6428** an index.
6429**
6430** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6431** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6432** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6433** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6434** to be interrogated.)^
6435** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6436** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6437** interface call returns.
6438**
6439** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6440*/
6441int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6442
6443/*
6444** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6445** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6446**
6447** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6448** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6449** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6450**
6451** <dl>
6452** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6453** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6454** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6455** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6456** careful use of indices.</dd>
6457**
6458** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6459** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6460** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6461** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6462**
6463** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6464** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6465** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6466** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6467** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6468** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6469**
6470** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6471** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6472** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6473** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6474** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6475** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6476** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6477** </dd>
6478** </dl>
6479*/
6480#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6481#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6482#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6483#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6484
6485/*
6486** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6487**
6488** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6489** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6490** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6491** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6492** to the object.
6493**
6494** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6495*/
6496typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6497
6498/*
6499** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6500**
6501** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6502** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6503** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6504** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6505**
6506** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6507*/
6508typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6509struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6510  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6511  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6512};
6513
6514/*
6515** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6516** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6517**
6518** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6519** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6520** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6521** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6522** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6523** By implementing a
6524** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6525** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6526** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6527** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6528** how long.
6529**
6530** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6531** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6532** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6533**
6534** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6535** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6536** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6537** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6538**
6539** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6540** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6541** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6542** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6543** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6544** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6545** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6546** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6547** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6548** page cache.)^
6549**
6550** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6551** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6552** It can be used to clean up
6553** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6554** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6555**
6556** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6557** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6558** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6559** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6560** in multithreaded applications.
6561**
6562** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6563** call to xShutdown().
6564**
6565** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6566** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6567** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6568** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6569** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6570** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6571** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6572** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6573** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6574** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6575** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6576** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6577** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6578** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6579** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6580** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6581** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6582** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6583** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6584** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6585** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6586** never contain any unpinned pages.
6587**
6588** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6589** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6590** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6591** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6592** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6593** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6594** value; it is advisory only.
6595**
6596** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6597** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6598** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6599**
6600** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6601** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6602** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6603** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6604** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6605** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6606** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6607** for each entry in the page cache.
6608**
6609** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6610** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6611** to be "pinned".
6612**
6613** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6614** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6615** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6616** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6617** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6618**
6619** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6620** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6621** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6622** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6623**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6624** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6625**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6626** </table>
6627**
6628** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6629** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6630** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6631** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6632** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6633**
6634** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6635** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6636** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6637** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6638** ^If the discard parameter is
6639** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6640** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6641** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6642**
6643** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6644** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6645** to xFetch().
6646**
6647** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6648** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6649** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6650** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6651** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6652** to be pinned.
6653**
6654** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6655** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6656** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6657** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6658** they can be safely discarded.
6659**
6660** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6661** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6662** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6663** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6664** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6665** functions.
6666**
6667** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6668** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6669** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6670** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6671** do their best.
6672*/
6673typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6674struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6675  int iVersion;
6676  void *pArg;
6677  int (*xInit)(void*);
6678  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6679  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6680  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6681  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6682  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6683  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6684  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6685      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6686  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6687  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6688  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6689};
6690
6691/*
6692** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6693** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6694** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6695*/
6696typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6697struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6698  void *pArg;
6699  int (*xInit)(void*);
6700  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6701  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6702  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6703  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6704  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6705  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6706  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6707  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6708  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6709};
6710
6711
6712/*
6713** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6714**
6715** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6716** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6717** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6718** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6719**
6720** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6721*/
6722typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6723
6724/*
6725** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6726**
6727** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6728** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6729** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6730**
6731** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6732**
6733** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6734** for the duration of the backup operation.
6735** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6736** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6737** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6738** preventing other database connections from
6739** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6740**
6741** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6742**   <ol>
6743**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6744**         backup,
6745**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6746**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6747**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6748**         associated with the backup operation.
6749**   </ol>)^
6750** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6751** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6752**
6753** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6754**
6755** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6756** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6757** and the database name, respectively.
6758** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6759** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6760** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6761** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6762** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6763** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6764** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6765** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6766** an error.
6767**
6768** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6769** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6770** destination [database connection] D.
6771** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6772** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6773** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6774** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6775** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6776** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6777** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6778** operation.
6779**
6780** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6781**
6782** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6783** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6784** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6785** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6786** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6787** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6788** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6789** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6790** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6791** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6792** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6793** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6794**
6795** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6796** <ol>
6797** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6798** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6799** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6800** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6801** destination and source page sizes differ.
6802** </ol>)^
6803**
6804** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6805** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6806** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6807** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6808** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6809** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6810** [database connection]
6811** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6812** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6813** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6814** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6815** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6816** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6817** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6818** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6819** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6820**
6821** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6822** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6823** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6824** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6825** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6826** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6827** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6828** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6829** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6830** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6831** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6832** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6833** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6834** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6835** updated at the same time.
6836**
6837** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6838**
6839** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6840** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6841** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6842** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6843** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6844** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6845** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6846** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6847** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6848**
6849** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6850** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6851** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6852** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6853** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6854** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6855**
6856** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6857** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6858** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6859**
6860** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6861** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6862**
6863** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6864** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6865** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6866** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6867** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6868**
6869** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6870** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6871** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6872** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6873** changing.
6874**
6875** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6876**
6877** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6878** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6879** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6880** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6881** from within other threads.
6882**
6883** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6884** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6885** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6886** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6887** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6888** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6889** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6890** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6891**
6892** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6893** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6894** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6895** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6896** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6897** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6898**
6899** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6900** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6901** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6902** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6903** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6904** possible that they return invalid values.
6905*/
6906sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6907  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6908  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6909  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6910  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6911);
6912int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6913int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6914int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6915int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6916
6917/*
6918** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6919**
6920** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6921** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6922** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6923** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6924** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6925** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6926** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6927** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6928**
6929** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6930**
6931** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6932** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6933**
6934** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6935** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6936** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6937** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6938** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6939** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6940** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6941** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6942** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6943** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6944**
6945** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6946** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6947** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6948** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6949** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6950**
6951** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6952** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6953** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6954** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6955**
6956** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6957** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6958** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6959** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6960** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6961** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6962** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6963** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6964**
6965** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6966** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6967** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6968**
6969** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6970** returns SQLITE_OK.
6971**
6972** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6973**
6974** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6975** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6976** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6977** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6978** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6979** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6980**
6981** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6982** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6983** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6984** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6985** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6986** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6987** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6988** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6989**
6990** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6991**
6992** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6993** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6994** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6995** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6996** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6997** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6998** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6999**
7000** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7001** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7002** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7003** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7004** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7005** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7006** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7007** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7008** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7009** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7010** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7011** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7012**
7013** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7014**
7015** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7016** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7017** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7018** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7019** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7020** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7021** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7022** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7023** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7024**
7025** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7026** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7027** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7028** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7029** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7030*/
7031int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7032  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7033  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7034  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7035);
7036
7037
7038/*
7039** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7040**
7041** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7042** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7043** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7044** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7045*/
7046int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7047int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7048
7049/*
7050** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7051*
7052** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7053** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7054** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7055** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7056** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7057** sensitive.
7058**
7059** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7060** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7061*/
7062int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7063
7064/*
7065** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7066**
7067** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7068** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7069** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7070** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7071**
7072** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7073** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7074** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7075** is considered bad form.
7076**
7077** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7078**
7079** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7080** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7081** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7082** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7083** buffer.
7084*/
7085void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7086
7087/*
7088** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7089**
7090** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7091** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
7092** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
7093** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
7094**
7095** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7096** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
7097** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7098**
7099** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7100** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7101** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7102** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7103** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7104** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7105** including those that were just committed.
7106**
7107** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7108** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7109** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7110** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7111** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7112** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7113** are undefined.
7114**
7115** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7116** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7117** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7118** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7119** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7120** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7121*/
7122void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7123  sqlite3*,
7124  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7125  void*
7126);
7127
7128/*
7129** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7130**
7131** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7132** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7133** to automatically [checkpoint]
7134** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7135** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7136** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7137** checkpoints entirely.
7138**
7139** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7140** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7141** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7142** configured by this function.
7143**
7144** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7145** from SQL.
7146**
7147** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7148** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7149**
7150** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7151** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7152** pages.  The use of this interface
7153** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7154** for a particular application.
7155*/
7156int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7157
7158/*
7159** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7160**
7161** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
7162** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
7163** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
7164** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
7165** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
7166** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface initiates a
7167** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE] checkpoint.
7168** Use the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface to get a FULL
7169** or RESET checkpoint.
7170**
7171** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7172** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7173** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
7174** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
7175**
7176** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7177*/
7178int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7179
7180/*
7181** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7182**
7183** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
7184** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
7185** eMode parameter:
7186**
7187** <dl>
7188** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7189**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7190**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
7191**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
7192**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]
7193**   is never invoked.
7194**
7195** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7196**   This mode blocks (it invokes the
7197**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7198**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7199**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7200**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7201**   but not database readers.
7202**
7203** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7204**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
7205**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7206**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback])
7207**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
7208**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
7209**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7210**   but not database readers.
7211** </dl>
7212**
7213** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7214** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
7215** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
7216** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
7217** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
7218** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
7219** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
7220**
7221** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
7222** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7223** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
7224** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7225**
7226** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
7227** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
7228** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
7229** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
7230** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7231** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7232** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7233** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7234** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7235** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7236**
7237** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7238** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
7239** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
7240** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7241** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7242** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
7243** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7244** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
7245** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7246** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7247**
7248** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7249** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
7250** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7251** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7252*/
7253int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7254  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7255  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7256  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7257  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7258  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7259);
7260
7261/*
7262** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
7263**
7264** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
7265** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7266** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
7267** each of these values.
7268*/
7269#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
7270#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
7271#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
7272
7273/*
7274** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7275**
7276** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7277** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7278** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7279**
7280** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7281** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7282**
7283** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7284** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7285** may be added in the future.
7286*/
7287int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7288
7289/*
7290** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7291**
7292** These macros define the various options to the
7293** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7294** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7295**
7296** <dl>
7297** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7298** <dd>Calls of the form
7299** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7300** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7301** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7302** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7303** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7304** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7305** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7306** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7307**
7308** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7309** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7310** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7311** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7312** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7313** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7314** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7315** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7316** had been ABORT.
7317**
7318** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7319** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7320** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7321** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7322** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7323** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7324** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7325** constraint handling.
7326** </dl>
7327*/
7328#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7329
7330/*
7331** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7332**
7333** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7334** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7335** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7336** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7337** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7338** [virtual table].
7339*/
7340int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7341
7342/*
7343** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7344** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7345**
7346** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7347** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7348** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7349**
7350** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7351** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7352** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7353*/
7354#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7355/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7356#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7357/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7358#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7359
7360
7361
7362/*
7363** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7364** builds on processors without floating point support.
7365*/
7366#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7367# undef double
7368#endif
7369
7370#ifdef __cplusplus
7371}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7372#endif
7373#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7374