xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision e99cb2da)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#else
193# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
194# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
195#endif
196
197/*
198** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
199**
200** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
201** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
202** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
203**
204** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
205** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
206** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
207** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
208** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
209** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
210**
211** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
212** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
213** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
214** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
215**
216** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
217** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
218** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
219**
220** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
221** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
222** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
223** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
224** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
225** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
226** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
227** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
228** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
229** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
230**
231** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
232*/
233int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
234
235/*
236** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
237** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
238**
239** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
240** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
241** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
242** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
243** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
244** interfaces (such as
245** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
246** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
247** sqlite3 object.
248*/
249typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
250
251/*
252** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
253** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
254**
255** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
256** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
257**
258** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
259** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
260** compatibility only.
261**
262** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
263** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
264** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
265** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
266*/
267#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
268  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
269# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
270    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
271# else
272    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
273# endif
274#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
275  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
277#else
278  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
279  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
280#endif
281typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
282typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
283
284/*
285** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
286** substitute integer for floating-point.
287*/
288#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
289# define double sqlite3_int64
290#endif
291
292/*
293** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
294** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
295**
296** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
297** for the [sqlite3] object.
298** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
299** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
300** resources are deallocated.
301**
302** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
303** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
304** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
305** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
306** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
307** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
308** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
309** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
310** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
311** destructors are called is arbitrary.
312**
313** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
314** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
315** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
316** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
317** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
318** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
319** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
320** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
321** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
322**
323** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
324** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
325**
326** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
327** must be either a NULL
328** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
329** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
330** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
331** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
332** argument is a harmless no-op.
333*/
334int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
335int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
336
337/*
338** The type for a callback function.
339** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
340** compatibility and is not documented.
341*/
342typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
343
344/*
345** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
346** METHOD: sqlite3
347**
348** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
349** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
350** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
351** without having to use a lot of C code.
352**
353** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
354** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
355** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
356** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
357** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
358** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
359** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
360** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
361** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
362** ignored.
363**
364** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
365** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
366** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
368** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
369** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
370** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
371** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
372** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
373** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
374** NULL before returning.
375**
376** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
377** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
378** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
379**
380** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
381** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
382** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
383** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
384** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
385** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
386** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
387** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
388** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
389**
390** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
391** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
392** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
393** is not changed.
394**
395** Restrictions:
396**
397** <ul>
398** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
399**      is a valid and open [database connection].
400** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
401**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
402** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
403**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
404** </ul>
405*/
406int sqlite3_exec(
407  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
408  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
409  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
410  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
411  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
412);
413
414/*
415** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
416** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
417**
418** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
419** here in order to indicate success or failure.
420**
421** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
422**
423** See also: [extended result code definitions]
424*/
425#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
426/* beginning-of-error-codes */
427#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
428#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
429#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
430#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
431#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
432#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
433#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
434#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
435#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
436#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
437#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
438#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
439#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
440#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
441#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
442#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
443#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
444#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
445#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
446#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
447#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
448#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
449#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
450#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
451#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
452#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
453#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
454#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
455#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
456#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
457/* end-of-error-codes */
458
459/*
460** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
461** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
462**
463** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
464** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
465** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
466** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
467** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
468** and later) include
469** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
470** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
471** on a per database connection basis using the
472** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
473** the most recent error can be obtained using
474** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
475*/
476#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
478#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
508#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
509#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
510#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
513#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
517#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
518#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
519#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
520#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
521#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
523#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
524#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
525#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
526#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
527#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
528#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
534#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
535#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
539#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
540#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
541#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
542#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
544#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
545
546/*
547** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
548**
549** These bit values are intended for use in the
550** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
551** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
552*/
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
567#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
568#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
569#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
570#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
571#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
572#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
573#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
574
575/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
576
577/*
578** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
579**
580** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
581** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
582** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
583** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
584** refers to.
585**
586** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
587** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
588** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
589** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
590** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
591** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
592** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
593** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
594** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
595** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
596** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
597** file that were written at the application level might have changed
598** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
599** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
600** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
601** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
602** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
603** elevated privileges.
604**
605** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
606** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
607** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
608** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
609*/
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
618#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
619#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
620#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
621#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
622#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
623#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
624#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
625
626/*
627** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
628**
629** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
630** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
631** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
632*/
633#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
634#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
635#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
636#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
637#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
638
639/*
640** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
641**
642** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
643** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
644** these integer values as the second argument.
645**
646** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
647** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
648** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
649** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
650** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
651** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
652**
653** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
654** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
655** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
656** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
657** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
658** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
659** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
660** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
661** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
662** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
663** cares about the difference.)
664*/
665#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
666#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
667#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
668
669/*
670** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
671**
672** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
673** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
674** implementations will
675** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
676** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
677** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
678** I/O operations on the open file.
679*/
680typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
681struct sqlite3_file {
682  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
683};
684
685/*
686** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
687**
688** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
689** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
690** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
691** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
692** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
693**
694** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
695** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
696** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
697** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
698** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
699** to NULL.
700**
701** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
702** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
703** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
704** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
705** and not its inode needs to be synced.
706**
707** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
708** <ul>
709** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
710** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
711** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
712** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
713** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
714** </ul>
715** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
716** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
717** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
718** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
719** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
720**
721** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
722** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
723** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
724** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
725** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
726** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
727** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
728** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
729** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
730** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
731** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
732** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
733** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
734** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
735** recognize.
736**
737** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
738** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
739** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
740** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
741** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
742** underlying device:
743**
744** <ul>
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
753** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
754** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
755** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
756** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
757** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
758** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
759** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
760** </ul>
761**
762** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
763** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
764** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
765** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
766** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
767** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
768** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
769** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
770** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
771** to xWrite().
772**
773** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
774** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
775** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
776** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
777** database corruption.
778*/
779typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
780struct sqlite3_io_methods {
781  int iVersion;
782  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
783  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
784  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
785  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
786  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
787  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
788  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
789  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
790  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
791  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
792  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
793  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
794  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
795  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
796  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
797  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
798  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
799  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
800  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
801  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
802  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
803  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
804};
805
806/*
807** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
808** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
809**
810** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
811** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
812** interface.
813**
814** <ul>
815** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
816** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
817** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
818** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
819** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
820** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
821** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
822** compile-time option is used.
823**
824** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
825** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
826** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
827** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
828** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
829** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
830** file run faster.
831**
832** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
833** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
834** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
835** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
836** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
837** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
838** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
839** pointed to is set to the new limit.
840**
841** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
842** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
843** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
844** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
845** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
846** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
847** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
848** improve performance on some systems.
849**
850** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
851** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
852** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
853** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
854**
855** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
856** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
857** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
858** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
859** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
860**
861** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
862** No longer in use.
863**
864** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
865** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
866** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
867** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
868** because the user has configured SQLite with
869** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
870** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
871** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
872** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
873** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
874** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
875** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
876** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
877**
878** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
879** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
880** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
881** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
882** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
883** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
884** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
885**
886** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
887** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
888** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
889** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
890** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
891** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
892** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
893** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
894** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
895** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
896** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
897** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
898** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
899** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
900** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
901** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
902**
903** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
904** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
905** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
906** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
907** files used for transaction control
908** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
909** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
910** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
911** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
912** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
913** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
914** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
915** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
916** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
917** WAL persistence setting.
918**
919** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
920** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
921** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
922** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
923** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
924** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
925** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
926** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
927** zero-damage mode setting.
928**
929** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
930** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
931** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
932** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
933** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
934**
935** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
936** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
937** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
938** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
939** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
940** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
941** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
942** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
943** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
944** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
945** is intended for diagnostic use only.
946**
947** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
948** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
949** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
950** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
951** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
952** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
953** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
954** upper-most shim only.
955**
956** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
957** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
958** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
959** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
960** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
961** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
962** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
963** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
964** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
965** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
966** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
967** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
968** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
969** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
970** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
971** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
972** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
973** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
974** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
975** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
976** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
977** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
978** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
979** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
980**
981** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
982** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
983** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
984** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
985** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
986** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
987** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
988** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
989** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
990** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
991** current operation.
992**
993** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
994** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
995** to have SQLite generate a
996** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
997** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
998** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
999** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1000** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1001**
1002** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1003** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1004** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1005** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1006** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1007** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1008** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1009** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1010** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1011**
1012** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1013** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1014** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1015** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1016** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1017** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1018** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1019**
1020** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1021** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1022** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1023** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1024** was first opened.
1025**
1026** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1027** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1028** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1029** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1030** writes the resulting value there.
1031**
1032** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1033** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1034** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1035** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1036** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1037**
1038** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1039** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1040** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1041** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1042** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1043** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1044**
1045** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1046** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1047** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1048**
1049** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1050** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1051** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1052** this opcode.
1053**
1054** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1055** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1056** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1057** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1058** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1059** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1060** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1061** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1062** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1063** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1064** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1065** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1066**
1067** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1068** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1069** operations since the previous successful call to
1070** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1071** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1072** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1073** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1074** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1075** write operations are independent.
1076** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1077** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1078**
1079** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1080** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1081** operations since the previous successful call to
1082** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1083** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1084** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1085** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1086** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1087**
1088** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1089** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1090** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1091** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1092** unsigned integer parameter.
1093**
1094** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1095** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1096** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1097** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1098** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1099** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1100** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1101** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1102** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1103** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1104** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1105** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1106** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1107** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1108** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1109** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1110** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1111** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1112** a particular attached database.
1113** </ul>
1114*/
1115#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1116#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1117#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1118#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1119#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1120#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1121#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1122#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1123#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1124#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1125#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1126#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1127#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1128#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1129#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1130#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1131#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1132#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1133#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1134#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1135#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1136#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1137#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1138#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1139#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1140#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1141#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1142#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1143#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1144#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1145#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1146#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1147#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1148#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1149#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1150
1151/* deprecated names */
1152#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1153#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1154#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1155
1156
1157/*
1158** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1159**
1160** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1161** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1162** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1163** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1164**
1165** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1166*/
1167typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1168
1169/*
1170** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1171**
1172** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1173** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1174** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1175** on some platforms.
1176*/
1177typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1178
1179/*
1180** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1181**
1182** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1183** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1184** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1185** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1186**
1187** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1188** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1189** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1190** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1191** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1192** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1193** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1194** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1195** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1196** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1197** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1198** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1199**
1200** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1201** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1202** a pathname in this VFS.
1203**
1204** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1205** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1206** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1207** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1208** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1209** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1210**
1211** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1212** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1213** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1214** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1215** object once the object has been registered.
1216**
1217** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1218** be unique across all VFS modules.
1219**
1220** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1221** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1222** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1223** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1224** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1225** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1226** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1227** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1228** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1229** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1230** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1231** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1232** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1233** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1234** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1235** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1236**
1237** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1238** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1239** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1240** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1241** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1242** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1243**
1244** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1245** call, depending on the object being opened:
1246**
1247** <ul>
1248** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1249** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1250** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1251** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1252** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1253** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1254** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1255** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1256** </ul>)^
1257**
1258** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1259** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1260** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1261** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1262** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1263** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1264** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1265** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1266**
1267** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1268**
1269** <ul>
1270** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1271** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1272** </ul>
1273**
1274** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1275** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1276** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1277** databases, and subjournals.
1278**
1279** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1280** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1281** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1282** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1283** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1284** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1285** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1286** for exclusive access.
1287**
1288** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1289** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1290** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1291** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1292** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1293** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1294** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1295** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1296** or failure of the xOpen call.
1297**
1298** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1299** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1300** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1301** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1302** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1303** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1304** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1305** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1306** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1307** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1308** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1309** whether or not the file is accessible.
1310**
1311** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1312** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1313** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1314** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1315** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1316** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1317**
1318** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1319** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1320** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1321** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1322** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1323** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1324** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1325** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1326** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1327** a floating point value.
1328** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1329** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1330** a 24-hour day).
1331** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1332** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1333** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1334** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1335**
1336** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1337** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1338** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1339** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1340** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1341** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1342** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1343** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1344** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1345** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1346** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1347*/
1348typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1349typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1350struct sqlite3_vfs {
1351  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1352  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1353  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1354  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1355  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1356  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1357  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1358               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1359  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1360  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1361  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1362  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1363  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1364  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1365  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1366  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1367  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1368  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1369  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1370  /*
1371  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1372  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1373  */
1374  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1375  /*
1376  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1377  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1378  */
1379  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1380  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1381  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1382  /*
1383  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1384  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1385  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1386  */
1387};
1388
1389/*
1390** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1391**
1392** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1393** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1394** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1395** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1396** simply checks whether the file exists.
1397** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1398** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1399** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1400** the directory).
1401** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1402** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1403** release of SQLite.
1404** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1405** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1406** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1407** SQLite.
1408*/
1409#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1410#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1411#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1412
1413/*
1414** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1415**
1416** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1417** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1418** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1419** xShmLock method:
1420**
1421** <ul>
1422** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1423** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1424** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1425** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1426** </ul>
1427**
1428** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1429** was given on the corresponding lock.
1430**
1431** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1432** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1433** and EXCLUSIVE.
1434*/
1435#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1436#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1437#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1438#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1439
1440/*
1441** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1442**
1443** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1444** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1445** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1446** lock outside of this range
1447*/
1448#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1449
1450
1451/*
1452** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1453**
1454** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1455** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1456** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1457** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1458** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1459** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1460**
1461** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1462** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1463** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1464** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1465** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1466** are harmless no-ops.)^
1467**
1468** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1469** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1470** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1471** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1472**
1473** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1474** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1475** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1476** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1477** sqlite3_shutdown().
1478**
1479** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1480** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1481** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1482**
1483** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1484** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1485** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1486** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1487**
1488** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1489** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1490** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1491** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1492** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1493** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1494** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1495** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1496** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1497** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1498** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1499** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1500** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1501** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1502**
1503** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1504** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1505** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1506** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1507** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1508** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1509** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1510**
1511** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1512** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1513** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1514** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1515** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1516** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1517** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1518** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1519** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1520** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1521** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1522** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1523** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1524** failure.
1525*/
1526int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1527int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1528int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1529int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1530
1531/*
1532** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1533**
1534** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1535** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1536** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1537** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1538** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1539**
1540** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1541** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1542** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1543**
1544** The sqlite3_config() interface
1545** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1546** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1547** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1548** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1549** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1550** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1551**
1552** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1553** [configuration option] that determines
1554** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1555** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1556** in the first argument.
1557**
1558** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1559** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1560** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1561*/
1562int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1563
1564/*
1565** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1566** METHOD: sqlite3
1567**
1568** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1569** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1570** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1571** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1572**
1573** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1574** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1575** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1576** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1577**
1578** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1579** the call is considered successful.
1580*/
1581int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1582
1583/*
1584** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1585**
1586** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1587** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1588**
1589** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1590** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1591** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1592** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1593** By creating an instance of this object
1594** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1595** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1596** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1597** dynamic memory needs.
1598**
1599** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1600** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1601** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1602** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1603** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1604** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1605** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1606** conditions.
1607**
1608** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1609** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1610** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1611** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1612**
1613** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1614** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1615** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1616**
1617** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1618** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1619** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1620** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1621** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1622** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1623** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1624**
1625** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1626** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1627** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1628** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1629** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1630** xInit and xShutdown.
1631**
1632** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1633** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1634** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1635** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1636** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1637** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1638** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1639** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1640** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1641** serialization.
1642**
1643** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1644** call to xShutdown().
1645*/
1646typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1647struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1648  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1649  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1650  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1651  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1652  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1653  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1654  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1655  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1656};
1657
1658/*
1659** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1660** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1661**
1662** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1663** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1664**
1665** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1666** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1667** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1668** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1669** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1670** is invoked.
1671**
1672** <dl>
1673** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1674** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1675** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1676** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1677** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1678** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1679** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1680** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1681** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1682** configuration option.</dd>
1683**
1684** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1685** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1686** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1687** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1688** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1689** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1690** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1691** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1692** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1693** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1694** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1695** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1696** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1697**
1698** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1699** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1700** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1701** all mutexes including the recursive
1702** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1703** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1704** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1705** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1706** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1707** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1708** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1709** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1710** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1711** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1712** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1713**
1714** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1715** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1716** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1717** The argument specifies
1718** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1719** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1720** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1721** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1722**
1723** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1724** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1725** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1726** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1727** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1728** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1729** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1730** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1731**
1732** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1733** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1734** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1735** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1736** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1737** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1738** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1739** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1740** </dd>
1741**
1742** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1743** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1744** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1745** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1746** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1747**   <ul>
1748**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1749**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1750**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1751**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1752**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1753**   </ul>)^
1754** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1755** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1756** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1757** </dd>
1758**
1759** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1760** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1761** </dd>
1762**
1763** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1764** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1765** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1766** cache implementation.
1767** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1768** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1769** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1770** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1771** and the number of cache lines (N).
1772** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1773** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1774** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1775** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1776** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1777** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1778** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1779** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1780** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1781** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1782** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1783** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1784** is exhausted.
1785** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1786** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1787** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1788** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1789** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1790** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1791** additional cache line. </dd>
1792**
1793** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1794** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1795** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1796** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1797** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1798** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1799** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1800** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1801** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1802** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1803** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1804** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1805** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1806** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1807** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1808** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1809** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1810** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1811** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1812**
1813** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1814** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1815** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1816** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1817** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1818** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1819** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1820** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1821** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1822** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1823** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1824**
1825** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1826** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1827** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1828** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1829** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1830** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1831** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1832** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1833** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1834** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1835** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1836** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1837**
1838** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1839** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1840** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1841** The first argument is the
1842** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1843** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1844** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1845** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1846** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1847**
1848** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1849** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1850** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1851** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1852** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1853**
1854** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1855** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1856** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1857** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1858**
1859** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1860** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1861** global [error log].
1862** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1863** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1864** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1865** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1866** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1867** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1868** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1869** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1870** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1871** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1872** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1873** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1874** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1875** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1876** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1877** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1878**
1879** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1880** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1881** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1882** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1883** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1884** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1885** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1886** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1887** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1888** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1889** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1890** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1891** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1892**
1893** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1894** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1895** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1896** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1897** ^The default setting is determined
1898** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1899** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1900** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1901** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1902** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1903** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1904** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1905**
1906** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1907** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1908** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1909** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1910** </dd>
1911**
1912** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1913** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1914** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1915** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1916** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1917** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1918** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1919** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1920** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1921** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1922** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1923** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1924** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1925** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1926** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1927** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1928**
1929** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1930** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1931** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1932** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1933** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1934** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1935** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1936** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1937** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1938** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1939** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1940** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1941** changed to its compile-time default.
1942**
1943** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1944** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1945** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1946** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1947** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1948** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1949**
1950** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1951** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1952** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1953** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1954** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1955** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1956** target platform, and SQLite version.
1957**
1958** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1959** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1960** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1961** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1962** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1963** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1964** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1965** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1966** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1967** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1968**
1969** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1970** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1971** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1972** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1973** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1974** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1975** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1976** exclusively in memory.
1977** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1978** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1979** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1980** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1981** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1982**
1983** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1984** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1985** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1986** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1987** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1988** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1989** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1990** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1991** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1992** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1993** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1994** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1995** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1996** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1997** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1998**
1999** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2000** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2001** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2002** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2003** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2004** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2005** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2006** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2007** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2008** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2009** </dl>
2010*/
2011#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2012#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2013#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2014#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2015#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2016#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2017#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2018#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2019#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2020#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2021#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2022/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2023#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2024#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2025#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2026#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2027#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2028#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2029#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2030#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2031#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2032#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2033#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2034#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2035#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2036#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2037#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2038#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2039#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2040
2041/*
2042** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2043**
2044** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2045** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2046**
2047** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2048** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2049** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2050** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2051** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2052** is invoked.
2053**
2054** <dl>
2055** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2056** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2057** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2058** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2059** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2060** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2061** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2062** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2063** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2064** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2065** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2066** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2067** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2068** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2069** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2070** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2071** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2072** when the "current value" returned by
2073** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2074** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2075** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2076** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2077**
2078** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2079** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2080** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2081** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2082** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2083** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2084** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2085** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2086** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2087** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2088**
2089** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2090** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2091** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2092** There should be two additional arguments.
2093** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2094** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2095** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2096** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2097** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2098** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2099**
2100** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2101** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2102** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2103** There should be two additional arguments.
2104** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2105** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2106** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2107** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2108** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2109** which case the view setting is not reported back. </dd>
2110**
2111** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2112** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2113** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2114** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2115** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2116** There should be two additional arguments.
2117** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2118** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2119** unchanged.
2120** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2121** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2122** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2123** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2124**
2125** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2126** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2127** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2128** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2129** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2130** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2131** There should be two additional arguments.
2132** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2133** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2134** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2135** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2136** C-API or the SQL function.
2137** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2138** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2139** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2140** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2141** </dd>
2142**
2143** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2144** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2145** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2146** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2147** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2148** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2149** until after the database connection closes.
2150** </dd>
2151**
2152** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2153** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2154** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2155** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2156** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2157** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2158** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2159** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2160** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2161** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2162** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2163** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2164** </dd>
2165**
2166** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2167** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2168** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2169** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2170** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2171** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2172** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2173** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2174** was used during testing in the lab.
2175** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2176** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2177** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2178** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2179** following this call.
2180** </dd>
2181**
2182** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2183** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2184** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2185** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2186** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2187** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2188** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2189** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2190** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2191** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2192** </dd>
2193**
2194** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2195** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2196** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2197** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2198** a badly corrupted database file:
2199** <ol>
2200** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2201**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2202**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2203**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2204**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2205**      the reset.
2206** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2207** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2208** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2209** </ol>
2210** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2211** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2212** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2213**
2214** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2215** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2216** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2217** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2218** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2219** features include but are not limited to the following:
2220** <ul>
2221** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2222** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2223** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2224** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2225** </ul>
2226** </dd>
2227**
2228** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2229** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2230** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2231** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2232** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2233** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2234** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2235** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2236** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2237** </dd>
2238**
2239** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2240** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2241** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2242** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2243** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2244** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2245** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2246** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2247** </dd>
2248**
2249** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2250** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2251** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2252** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2253** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2254** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2255** compile-time option.
2256** </dd>
2257**
2258** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2259** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2260** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2261** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2262** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2263** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2264** compile-time option.
2265** </dd>
2266**
2267** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2268** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2269** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2270** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2271** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2272** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2273** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2274** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2275** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2276** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2277** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2278** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2279** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2280** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2281** 3.0.0.
2282** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2283** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2284** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2285** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2286** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2287** </dd>
2288** </dl>
2289*/
2290#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2291#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2292#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2293#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2294#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2295#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2296#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2297#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2298#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2299#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2300#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2301#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2302#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2303#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2304#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2305#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2306#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2307#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1016 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2308
2309/*
2310** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2311** METHOD: sqlite3
2312**
2313** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2314** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2315** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2316*/
2317int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2318
2319/*
2320** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2321** METHOD: sqlite3
2322**
2323** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2324** has a unique 64-bit signed
2325** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2326** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2327** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2328** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2329** is another alias for the rowid.
2330**
2331** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2332** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2333** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2334** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2335** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2336** zero.
2337**
2338** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2339** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2340** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2341**
2342** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2343** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2344** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2345** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2346** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2347** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2348** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2349** control to the user.
2350**
2351** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2352** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2353** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2354** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2355**
2356** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2357** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2358** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2359** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2360** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2361** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2362** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2363** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2364** the return value of this interface.)^
2365**
2366** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2367** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2368**
2369** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2370** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2371**
2372** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2373** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2374** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2375** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2376** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2377** last insert [rowid].
2378*/
2379sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2380
2381/*
2382** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2383** METHOD: sqlite3
2384**
2385** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2386** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2387** without inserting a row into the database.
2388*/
2389void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2390
2391/*
2392** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2393** METHOD: sqlite3
2394**
2395** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2396** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2397** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2398** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2399** returned by this function.
2400**
2401** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2402** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2403** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2404**
2405** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2406** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2407** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2408** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2409** tables are counted.
2410**
2411** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2412** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2413** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2414** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2415**
2416** <ul>
2417**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2418**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2419**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2420**
2421**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2422**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2423**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2424**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2425**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2426** </ul>
2427**
2428** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2429** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2430** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2431** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2432** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2433** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2434**
2435** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2436** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2437** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2438**
2439** See also:
2440** <ul>
2441** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2442** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2443** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2444** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2445** </ul>
2446*/
2447int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2448
2449/*
2450** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2451** METHOD: sqlite3
2452**
2453** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2454** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2455** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2456** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2457** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2458**
2459** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2460** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2461** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2462** are not counted.
2463**
2464** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2465** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2466** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2467** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2468** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2469** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2470**
2471** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2472** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2473** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2474**
2475** See also:
2476** <ul>
2477** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2478** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2479** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2480** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2481** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2482** </ul>
2483*/
2484int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2485
2486/*
2487** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2488** METHOD: sqlite3
2489**
2490** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2491** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2492** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2493** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2494** immediately.
2495**
2496** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2497** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2498** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2499** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2500**
2501** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2502** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2503** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2504**
2505** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2506** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2507** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2508** will be rolled back automatically.
2509**
2510** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2511** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2512** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2513** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2514** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2515** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2516** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2517** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2518** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2519** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2520*/
2521void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2522
2523/*
2524** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2525**
2526** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2527** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2528** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2529** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2530** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2531** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2532** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2533** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2534** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2535** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2536** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2537**
2538** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2539** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2540**
2541** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2542** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2543**
2544** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2545** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2546** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2547** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2548** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2549**
2550** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2551** UTF-8 string.
2552**
2553** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2554** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2555*/
2556int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2557int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2558
2559/*
2560** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2561** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2562** METHOD: sqlite3
2563**
2564** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2565** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2566** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2567** [database connection] D when another thread
2568** or process has the table locked.
2569** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2570** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2571**
2572** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2573** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2574** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2575**
2576** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2577** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2578** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2579** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2580** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2581** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2582** to the application.
2583** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2584** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2585**
2586** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2587** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2588** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2589** to the application instead of invoking the
2590** busy handler.
2591** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2592** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2593** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2594** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2595** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2596** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2597** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2598** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2599** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2600** the second process to proceed.
2601**
2602** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2603**
2604** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2605** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2606** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2607** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2608** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2609**
2610** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2611** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2612** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2613** result in undefined behavior.
2614**
2615** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2616** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2617*/
2618int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2619
2620/*
2621** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2622** METHOD: sqlite3
2623**
2624** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2625** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2626** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2627** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2628** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2629** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2630**
2631** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2632** turns off all busy handlers.
2633**
2634** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2635** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2636** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2637** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2638**
2639** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2640*/
2641int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2642
2643/*
2644** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2645** METHOD: sqlite3
2646**
2647** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2648** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2649**
2650** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2651** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2652** complete query results from one or more queries.
2653**
2654** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2655** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2656** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2657** and M be the number of columns.
2658**
2659** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2660** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2661** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2662** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2663** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2664** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2665**
2666** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2667** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2668** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2669**
2670** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2671** is as follows:
2672**
2673** <blockquote><pre>
2674**        Name        | Age
2675**        -----------------------
2676**        Alice       | 43
2677**        Bob         | 28
2678**        Cindy       | 21
2679** </pre></blockquote>
2680**
2681** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2682** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2683** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2684**
2685** <blockquote><pre>
2686**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2687**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2688**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2689**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2690**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2691**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2692**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2693**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2694** </pre></blockquote>)^
2695**
2696** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2697** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2698** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2699** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2700**
2701** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2702** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2703** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2704** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2705** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2706** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2707**
2708** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2709** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2710** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2711** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2712** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2713** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2714** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2715*/
2716int sqlite3_get_table(
2717  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2718  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2719  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2720  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2721  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2722  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2723);
2724void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2725
2726/*
2727** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2728**
2729** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2730** from the standard C library.
2731** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2732** the standard library printf()
2733** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2734** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2735**
2736** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2737** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2738** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2739** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2740** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2741** memory to hold the resulting string.
2742**
2743** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2744** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2745** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2746** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2747** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2748** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2749** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2750** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2751** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2752** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2753** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2754** now without breaking compatibility.
2755**
2756** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2757** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2758** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2759** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2760** written will be n-1 characters.
2761**
2762** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2763**
2764** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2765*/
2766char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2767char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2768char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2769char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2770
2771/*
2772** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2773**
2774** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2775** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2776** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2777** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2778**
2779** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2780** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2781** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2782** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2783** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2784** a NULL pointer.
2785**
2786** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2787** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2788** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2789**
2790** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2791** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2792** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2793** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2794** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2795** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2796** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2797** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2798** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2799** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2800**
2801** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2802** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2803** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2804** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2805** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2806** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2807** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2808** sqlite3_free(X).
2809** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2810** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2811** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2812** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2813** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2814** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2815** prior allocation is not freed.
2816**
2817** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2818** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2819** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2820**
2821** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2822** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2823** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2824** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2825** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2826** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2827** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2828** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2829** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2830**
2831** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2832** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2833** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2834** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2835** option is used.
2836**
2837** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2838** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2839** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2840** not yet been released.
2841**
2842** The application must not read or write any part of
2843** a block of memory after it has been released using
2844** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2845*/
2846void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2847void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2848void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2849void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2850void sqlite3_free(void*);
2851sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2852
2853/*
2854** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2855**
2856** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2857** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2858** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2859**
2860** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2861** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2862** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2863** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2864** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2865** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2866** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2867** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2868** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2869**
2870** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2871** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2872** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2873** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2874** prior to the reset.
2875*/
2876sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2877sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2878
2879/*
2880** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2881**
2882** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2883** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2884** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2885** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2886** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2887**
2888** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2889** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2890**
2891** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2892** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2893** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2894** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2895** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2896** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2897** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2898** method.
2899*/
2900void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2901
2902/*
2903** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2904** METHOD: sqlite3
2905** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2906**
2907** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2908** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2909** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2910** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2911** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2912** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2913** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2914** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2915** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2916** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2917** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2918** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2919** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2920** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2921** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2922** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2923**
2924** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2925** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2926** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2927** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2928** access is denied.
2929**
2930** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2931** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2932** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2933** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2934** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2935** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2936** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2937** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2938**
2939** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2940** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2941** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2942** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2943** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2944** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2945** columns of a table.
2946** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2947** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2948** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2949** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2950** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2951** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2952** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2953**
2954** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2955** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2956** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2957** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2958** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2959** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2960** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2961** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2962** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2963** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2964**
2965** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2966** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2967** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2968** in addition to using an authorizer.
2969**
2970** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2971** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2972** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2973** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2974**
2975** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2976** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2977** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2978** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2979**
2980** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2981** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2982** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2983** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2984**
2985** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2986** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2987** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2988** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2989** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2990*/
2991int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2992  sqlite3*,
2993  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2994  void *pUserData
2995);
2996
2997/*
2998** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2999**
3000** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3001** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3002** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3003** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3004** information.
3005**
3006** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3007** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3008*/
3009#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3010#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3011
3012/*
3013** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3014**
3015** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3016** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3017** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3018** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3019** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3020**
3021** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3022** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3023** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3024** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3025** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3026** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3027** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3028** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3029** top-level SQL code.
3030*/
3031/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3032#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3033#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3034#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3035#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3036#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3037#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3038#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3039#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3040#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3041#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3042#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3043#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3044#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3045#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3046#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3047#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3048#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3049#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3050#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3051#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3052#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3053#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3054#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3055#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3056#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3057#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3058#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3059#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3060#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3061#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3062#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3063#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3064#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3065#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3066
3067/*
3068** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3069** METHOD: sqlite3
3070**
3071** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3072** instead of the routines described here.
3073**
3074** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3075** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3076**
3077** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3078** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3079** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3080** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3081** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3082** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3083** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3084**
3085** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3086** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3087**
3088** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3089** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3090** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3091** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3092** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3093** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3094** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3095** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3096** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3097** profile callback.
3098*/
3099SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3100   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3101SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3102   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3103
3104/*
3105** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3106** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3107**
3108** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3109** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3110** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3111** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3112** is one of the following constants.
3113**
3114** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3115**
3116** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3117** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3118** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3119** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3120** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3121**
3122** <dl>
3123** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3124** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3125** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3126** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3127** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3128** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3129** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3130** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3131** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3132** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3133** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3134**
3135** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3136** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3137** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3138** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3139** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3140** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3141** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3142**
3143** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3144** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3145** statement generates a single row of result.
3146** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3147** X argument is unused.
3148**
3149** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3150** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3151** connection closes.
3152** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3153** and the X argument is unused.
3154** </dl>
3155*/
3156#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3157#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3158#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3159#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3160
3161/*
3162** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3163** METHOD: sqlite3
3164**
3165** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3166** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3167** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3168** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3169** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3170** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3171**
3172** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3173** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3174**
3175** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3176** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3177** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3178** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3179**
3180** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3181** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3182** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3183** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3184** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3185**
3186** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3187** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3188** are deprecated.
3189*/
3190int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3191  sqlite3*,
3192  unsigned uMask,
3193  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3194  void *pCtx
3195);
3196
3197/*
3198** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3199** METHOD: sqlite3
3200**
3201** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3202** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3203** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3204** database connection D.  An example use for this
3205** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3206**
3207** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3208** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3209** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3210** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3211** handler is disabled.
3212**
3213** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3214** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3215** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3216** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3217** than 1.
3218**
3219** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3220** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3221** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3222**
3223** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3224** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3225** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3226** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3227**
3228*/
3229void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3230
3231/*
3232** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3233** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3234**
3235** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3236** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3237** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3238** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3239** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3240** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3241** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3242** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3243** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3244** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3245** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3246** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3247**
3248** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3249** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3250** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3251**
3252** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3253** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3254** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3255**
3256** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3257** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3258** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3259** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3260** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3261** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3262** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3263**
3264** <dl>
3265** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3266** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3267** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3268**
3269** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3270** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3271** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3272** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3273**
3274** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3275** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3276** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3277** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3278** </dl>
3279**
3280** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3281** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3282** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3283** then the behavior is undefined.
3284**
3285** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3286** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3287** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3288** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3289** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3290** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3291** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3292** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3293** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3294** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3295** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3296**
3297** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3298** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3299** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3300** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3301**
3302** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3303** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3304** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3305** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3306** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3307** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3308** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3309**
3310** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3311** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3312** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3313**
3314** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3315**
3316** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3317** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3318** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3319** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3320** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3321** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3322** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3323** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3324** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3325** information.
3326**
3327** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3328** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3329** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3330** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3331** present, is ignored.
3332**
3333** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3334** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3335** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3336** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3337** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3338** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3339** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3340**
3341** [[core URI query parameters]]
3342** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3343** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3344** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3345** following query parameters:
3346**
3347** <ul>
3348**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3349**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3350**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3351**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3352**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3353**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3354**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3355**
3356**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3357**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3358**     an error)^.
3359**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3360**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3361**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3362**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3363**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3364**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3365**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3366**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3367**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3368**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3369**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3370**
3371**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3372**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3373**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3374**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3375**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3376**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3377**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3378**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3379**
3380**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3381**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3382**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3383**
3384**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3385**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3386**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3387**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3388**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3389**     processes uses nolock=1.
3390**
3391**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3392**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3393**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3394**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3395**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3396**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3397**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3398**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3399**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3400**
3401** </ul>
3402**
3403** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3404** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3405** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3406** additional information.
3407**
3408** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3409**
3410** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3411** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3412** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3413**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3414** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3415**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3416**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3417**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3418** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3419**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3420** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3421**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3422**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3423**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3424**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3425**          in URI filenames.
3426** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3427**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3428**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3429**          default, use a private cache.
3430** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3431**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3432**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3433** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3434**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3435** </table>
3436**
3437** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3438** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3439** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3440** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3441** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3442** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3443** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3444** the results are undefined.
3445**
3446** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3447** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3448** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3449** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3450** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3451**
3452** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3453** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3454** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3455**
3456** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3457*/
3458int sqlite3_open(
3459  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3460  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3461);
3462int sqlite3_open16(
3463  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3464  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3465);
3466int sqlite3_open_v2(
3467  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3468  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3469  int flags,              /* Flags */
3470  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3471);
3472
3473/*
3474** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3475**
3476** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3477** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3478** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3479**
3480** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3481** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3482** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3483** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3484** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3485** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3486** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3487** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3488** a pointer to an empty string.
3489**
3490** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3491** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3492** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3493** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3494** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3495** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3496** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3497** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3498** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3499** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3500**
3501** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3502** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3503** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3504** zero is returned.
3505**
3506** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3507** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3508** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3509** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3510** undesirable.
3511**
3512** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3513*/
3514const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3515int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3516sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3517
3518
3519/*
3520** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3521** METHOD: sqlite3
3522**
3523** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3524** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3525** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3526** API call.
3527** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3528** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3529** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3530** disabled.
3531**
3532** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3533** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3534** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3535** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3536** interfaces are:
3537**
3538** <ul>
3539** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3540** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3541** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3542** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3543** </ul>
3544**
3545** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3546** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3547** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3548** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3549** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3550** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3551**
3552** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3553** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3554** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3555** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3556**
3557** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3558** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3559** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3560** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3561** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3562** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3563** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3564** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3565** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3566**
3567** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3568** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3569** error code and message may or may not be set.
3570*/
3571int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3572int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3573const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3574const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3575const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3576
3577/*
3578** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3579** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3580**
3581** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3582** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3583**
3584** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3585** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3586** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3587** prepared statement before it can be run.
3588**
3589** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3590**
3591** <ol>
3592** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3593** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3594**      interfaces.
3595** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3596** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3597**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3598** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3599** </ol>
3600*/
3601typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3602
3603/*
3604** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3605** METHOD: sqlite3
3606**
3607** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3608** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3609** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3610** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3611** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3612** new limit for that construct.)^
3613**
3614** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3615** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3616** [limits | hard upper bound]
3617** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3618** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3619** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3620** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3621** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3622**
3623** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3624** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3625** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3626** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3627**
3628** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3629** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3630** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3631** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3632** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3633** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3634** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3635** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3636** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3637** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3638** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3639** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3640**
3641** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3642*/
3643int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3644
3645/*
3646** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3647** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3648**
3649** These constants define various performance limits
3650** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3651** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3652** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3653**
3654** <dl>
3655** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3656** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3657**
3658** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3659** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3660**
3661** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3662** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3663** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3664** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3665**
3666** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3667** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3668**
3669** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3670** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3671**
3672** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3673** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3674** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3675** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3676** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3677**
3678** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3679** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3680**
3681** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3682** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3683**
3684** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3685** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3686** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3687** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3688**
3689** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3690** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3691** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3692**
3693** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3694** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3695**
3696** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3697** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3698** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3699** </dl>
3700*/
3701#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3702#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3703#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3704#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3705#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3706#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3707#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3708#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3709#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3710#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3711#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3712#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3713
3714/*
3715** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3716**
3717** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3718** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3719** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3720**
3721** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3722**
3723** <dl>
3724** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3725** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3726** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3727** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3728** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3729** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3730** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3731** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3732** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3733** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3734**
3735** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3736** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
3737** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
3738** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
3739** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
3740** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
3741** flag.
3742**
3743** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
3744** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
3745** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
3746** any virtual tables.
3747** </dl>
3748*/
3749#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3750#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3751#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
3752
3753/*
3754** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3755** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3756** METHOD: sqlite3
3757** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3758**
3759** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3760** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3761** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3762**
3763** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3764** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3765** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3766** for special purposes.
3767**
3768** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3769** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3770** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3771** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3772**
3773** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3774** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3775** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3776**
3777** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3778** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3779** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3780** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3781** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3782**
3783** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3784** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3785** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3786** statement is generated.
3787** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3788** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3789** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3790** the nul-terminator.
3791**
3792** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3793** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3794** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3795** what remains uncompiled.
3796**
3797** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3798** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3799** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3800** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3801** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3802** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3803** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3804**
3805** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3806** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3807**
3808** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3809** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3810** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3811** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3812** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3813** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3814** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3815** behave differently in three ways:
3816**
3817** <ol>
3818** <li>
3819** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3820** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3821** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3822** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3823** </li>
3824**
3825** <li>
3826** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3827** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3828** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3829** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3830** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3831** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3832** </li>
3833**
3834** <li>
3835** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
3836** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3837** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3838** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3839** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3840** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3841** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3842** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3843** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
3844** </li>
3845** </ol>
3846**
3847** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3848** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3849** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3850** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3851** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3852*/
3853int sqlite3_prepare(
3854  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3855  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3856  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3857  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3858  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3859);
3860int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3861  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3862  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3863  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3864  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3865  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3866);
3867int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3868  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3869  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3870  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3871  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3872  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3873  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3874);
3875int sqlite3_prepare16(
3876  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3877  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3878  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3879  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3880  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3881);
3882int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3883  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3884  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3885  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3886  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3887  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3888);
3889int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3890  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3891  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3892  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3893  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3894  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3895  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3896);
3897
3898/*
3899** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3900** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3901**
3902** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3903** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3904** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3905** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3906** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3907** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3908** [bound parameters] expanded.
3909** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3910** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
3911** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
3912** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
3913** placeholders.
3914**
3915** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3916** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3917** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3918** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3919** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3920**
3921** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3922** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3923** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3924**
3925** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3926** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3927** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3928**
3929** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
3930** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
3931** statement is finalized.
3932** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3933** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3934** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3935*/
3936const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3937char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3938const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3939
3940/*
3941** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3942** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3943**
3944** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3945** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3946** the content of the database file.
3947**
3948** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3949** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3950** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3951** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3952** change the database file through side-effects:
3953**
3954** <blockquote><pre>
3955**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3956** </pre></blockquote>
3957**
3958** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3959** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3960**
3961** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3962** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3963** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3964** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3965** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3966** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3967** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3968** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3969** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3970** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3971** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3972** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3973*/
3974int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3975
3976/*
3977** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
3978** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3979**
3980** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
3981** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
3982** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
3983** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
3984** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
3985*/
3986int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3987
3988/*
3989** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3990** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3991**
3992** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3993** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3994** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3995** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3996** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3997** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3998** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3999** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4000**
4001** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4002** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4003** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4004** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4005** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4006*/
4007int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4008
4009/*
4010** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4011** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4012**
4013** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4014** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4015** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4016** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4017**
4018** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4019** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4020** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4021** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4022** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4023** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4024** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4025**
4026** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4027** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4028** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4029** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4030** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4031** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4032** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4033** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4034** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4035** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4036** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4037** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4038**
4039** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4040** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4041** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4042** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4043** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4044** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4045** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4046** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4047** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4048*/
4049typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4050
4051/*
4052** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4053**
4054** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4055** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4056** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4057** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4058** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4059** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4060** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4061** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4062*/
4063typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4064
4065/*
4066** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4067** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4068** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4069** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4070**
4071** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4072** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4073** templates:
4074**
4075** <ul>
4076** <li>  ?
4077** <li>  ?NNN
4078** <li>  :VVV
4079** <li>  @VVV
4080** <li>  $VVV
4081** </ul>
4082**
4083** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4084** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4085** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4086** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4087**
4088** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4089** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4090** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4091**
4092** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4093** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4094** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4095** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4096** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4097** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4098** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4099** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4100** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
4101**
4102** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4103** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4104** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4105** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4106**
4107** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4108** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4109** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4110** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4111** is negative, then the length of the string is
4112** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4113** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4114** the behavior is undefined.
4115** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4116** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4117** that parameter must be the byte offset
4118** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4119** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
4120** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4121** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4122** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4123**
4124** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
4125** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
4126** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
4127** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
4128** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
4129** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4130** ^If the fifth argument is
4131** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
4132** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
4133** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
4134** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
4135** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
4136**
4137** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4138** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4139** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4140** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4141** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4142** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4143** is undefined.
4144**
4145** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4146** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4147** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4148** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4149** content is later written using
4150** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4151** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4152**
4153** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4154** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4155** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4156** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4157** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4158** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4159** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4160** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4161**
4162** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4163** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4164** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4165** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4166** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4167** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4168**
4169** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4170** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4171**
4172** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4173** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4174** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4175** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4176** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4177** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4178** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4179**
4180** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4181** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4182*/
4183int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4184int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4185                        void(*)(void*));
4186int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4187int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4188int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4189int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4190int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4191int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4192int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4193                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4194int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4195int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4196int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4197int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4198
4199/*
4200** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4201** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4202**
4203** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4204** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4205** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4206** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4207** to the parameters at a later time.
4208**
4209** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4210** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4211** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4212** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4213**
4214** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4215** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4216** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4217*/
4218int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4219
4220/*
4221** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4222** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4223**
4224** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4225** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4226** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4227** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4228** respectively.
4229** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4230** is included as part of the name.)^
4231** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4232** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4233**
4234** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4235**
4236** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4237** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4238** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4239** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4240** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4241**
4242** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4243** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4244** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4245*/
4246const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4247
4248/*
4249** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4250** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4251**
4252** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4253** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4254** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4255** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4256** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4257** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4258** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4259**
4260** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4261** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4262** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4263*/
4264int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4265
4266/*
4267** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4268** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4269**
4270** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4271** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4272** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4273*/
4274int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4275
4276/*
4277** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4278** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4279**
4280** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4281** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4282** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4283** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4284** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4285** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4286** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4287**
4288** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4289*/
4290int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4291
4292/*
4293** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4294** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4295**
4296** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4297** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4298** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4299** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4300** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4301** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4302** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4303**
4304** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4305** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4306** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4307** or until the next call to
4308** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4309**
4310** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4311** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4312** NULL pointer is returned.
4313**
4314** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4315** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4316** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4317** one release of SQLite to the next.
4318*/
4319const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4320const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4321
4322/*
4323** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4324** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4325**
4326** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4327** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4328** [SELECT] statement.
4329** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4330** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4331** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4332** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4333** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4334** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4335** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4336** or until the same information is requested
4337** again in a different encoding.
4338**
4339** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4340** database, table, and column.
4341**
4342** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4343** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4344** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4345** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4346**
4347** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4348** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4349** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4350** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4351** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4352**
4353** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4354** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4355**
4356** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4357** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4358**
4359** If two or more threads call one or more
4360** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4361** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4362** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4363*/
4364const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4365const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4366const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4367const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4368const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4369const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4370
4371/*
4372** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4373** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4374**
4375** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4376** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4377** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4378** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4379** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4380** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4381** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4382**
4383** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4384**
4385** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4386**
4387** and the following statement to be compiled:
4388**
4389** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4390**
4391** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4392** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4393**
4394** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4395** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4396** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4397** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4398** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4399** used to hold those values.
4400*/
4401const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4402const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4403
4404/*
4405** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4406** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4407**
4408** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4409** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4410** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4411** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4412** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4413**
4414** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4415** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4416** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4417** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4418** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4419** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4420** interface will continue to be supported.
4421**
4422** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4423** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4424** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4425** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4426**
4427** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4428** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4429** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4430** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4431** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4432** continuing.
4433**
4434** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4435** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4436** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4437** machine back to its initial state.
4438**
4439** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4440** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4441** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4442** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4443**
4444** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4445** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4446** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4447** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4448** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4449** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4450** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4451** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4452**
4453** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4454** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4455** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4456** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4457** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4458** more threads at the same moment in time.
4459**
4460** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4461** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4462** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4463** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4464** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4465** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4466** sqlite3_step() began
4467** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4468** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4469** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4470** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4471** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4472**
4473** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4474** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4475** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4476** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4477** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4478** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4479** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4480** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4481** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4482** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4483** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4484** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4485*/
4486int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4487
4488/*
4489** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4490** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4491**
4492** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4493** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4494** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4495** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4496** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4497** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4498** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4499** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4500** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4501** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4502** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4503** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4504**
4505** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4506*/
4507int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4508
4509/*
4510** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4511** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4512**
4513** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4514**
4515** <ul>
4516** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4517** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4518** <li> string
4519** <li> BLOB
4520** <li> NULL
4521** </ul>)^
4522**
4523** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4524**
4525** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4526** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4527** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4528** SQLITE_TEXT.
4529*/
4530#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4531#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4532#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4533#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4534#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4535# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4536#else
4537# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4538#endif
4539#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4540
4541/*
4542** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4543** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4544** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4545**
4546** <b>Summary:</b>
4547** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4548** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4549** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4550** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4551** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4552** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4553** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4554** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4555** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4556** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4557** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4558** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4559** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4560** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4561** TEXT in bytes
4562** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4563** datatype of the result
4564** </table></blockquote>
4565**
4566** <b>Details:</b>
4567**
4568** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4569** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4570** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4571** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4572** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4573** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4574** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4575** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4576**
4577** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4578** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4579** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4580** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4581** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4582** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4583** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4584** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4585** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4586** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4587** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4588**
4589** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4590** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4591** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4592** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4593** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4594**
4595** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4596** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4597** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4598** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4599** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4600** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4601** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4602** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4603** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4604** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4605** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4606** following a type conversion.
4607**
4608** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4609** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4610** of that BLOB or string.
4611**
4612** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4613** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4614** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4615** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4616** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4617** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4618** the number of bytes in that string.
4619** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4620**
4621** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4622** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4623** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4624** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4625** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4626** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4627** the number of bytes in that string.
4628** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4629**
4630** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4631** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4632** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4633** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4634** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4635**
4636** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4637** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4638** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4639**
4640** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4641** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4642** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4643** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4644** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4645** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4646** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4647** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4648** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4649** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4650** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4651** top-level application code.
4652**
4653** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4654** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4655** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4656** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4657** that are applied:
4658**
4659** <blockquote>
4660** <table border="1">
4661** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4662**
4663** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4664** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4665** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4666** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4667** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4668** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4669** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4670** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4671** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4672** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4673** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4674** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4675** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4676** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4677** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4678** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4679** </table>
4680** </blockquote>)^
4681**
4682** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4683** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4684** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4685** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4686** in the following cases:
4687**
4688** <ul>
4689** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4690**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4691**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4692** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4693**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4694**      to UTF-16.</li>
4695** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4696**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4697**      to UTF-8.</li>
4698** </ul>
4699**
4700** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4701** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4702** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4703** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4704** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4705**
4706** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4707** in one of the following ways:
4708**
4709** <ul>
4710**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4711**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4712**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4713** </ul>
4714**
4715** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4716** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4717** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4718** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4719** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4720** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4721** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4722**
4723** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4724** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4725** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4726** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4727** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4728** [sqlite3_free()].
4729**
4730** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4731** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4732** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4733** errors:
4734**
4735** <ul>
4736** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4737** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4738** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4739** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4740** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4741** </ul>
4742**
4743** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4744** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4745** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4746** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4747** return value is obtained and before any
4748** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4749*/
4750const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4751double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4752int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4753sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4754const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4755const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4756sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4757int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4758int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4759int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4760
4761/*
4762** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4763** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4764**
4765** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4766** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4767** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4768** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4769** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4770** [extended error code].
4771**
4772** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4773** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4774** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4775** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4776** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4777** completed execution.
4778**
4779** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4780**
4781** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4782** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4783** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4784** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4785** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4786*/
4787int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4788
4789/*
4790** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4791** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4792**
4793** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4794** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4795** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4796** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4797** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4798**
4799** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4800** back to the beginning of its program.
4801**
4802** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4803** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4804** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4805** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4806**
4807** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4808** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4809** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4810**
4811** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4812** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4813*/
4814int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4815
4816/*
4817** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4818** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4819** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4820** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4821** METHOD: sqlite3
4822**
4823** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4824** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4825** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
4826** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
4827** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
4828** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4829** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
4830** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
4831** needed by [aggregate window functions].
4832**
4833** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4834** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4835** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4836** to each database connection separately.
4837**
4838** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4839** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4840** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4841** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4842** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4843** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4844**
4845** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4846** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4847** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4848** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4849** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4850** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4851** undefined.
4852**
4853** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4854** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4855** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4856** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4857** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4858** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4859** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4860** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4861** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4862** each encoding.
4863** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4864** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4865**
4866** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4867** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4868** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4869** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4870** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4871** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4872** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4873**
4874** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
4875** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
4876** within VIEWs or TRIGGERs.  For security reasons, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
4877** flag is recommended for any application-defined SQL function that has
4878** side-effects.
4879**
4880** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4881** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4882**
4883** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
4884** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4885** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4886** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4887** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4888** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4889** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4890** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4891** callbacks.
4892**
4893** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
4894** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
4895** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
4896** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
4897** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
4898** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
4899** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
4900** of aggregate window functions are
4901** [user-defined window functions|available here].
4902**
4903** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
4904** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
4905** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
4906** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
4907** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4908** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
4909** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
4910** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4911**
4912** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4913** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4914** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4915** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4916** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4917** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4918** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4919** matches the database encoding is a better
4920** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4921** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4922** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4923** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4924**
4925** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4926**
4927** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4928** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4929** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4930** statement in which the function is running.
4931*/
4932int sqlite3_create_function(
4933  sqlite3 *db,
4934  const char *zFunctionName,
4935  int nArg,
4936  int eTextRep,
4937  void *pApp,
4938  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4939  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4940  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4941);
4942int sqlite3_create_function16(
4943  sqlite3 *db,
4944  const void *zFunctionName,
4945  int nArg,
4946  int eTextRep,
4947  void *pApp,
4948  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4949  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4950  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4951);
4952int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4953  sqlite3 *db,
4954  const char *zFunctionName,
4955  int nArg,
4956  int eTextRep,
4957  void *pApp,
4958  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4959  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4960  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4961  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4962);
4963int sqlite3_create_window_function(
4964  sqlite3 *db,
4965  const char *zFunctionName,
4966  int nArg,
4967  int eTextRep,
4968  void *pApp,
4969  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4970  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4971  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
4972  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4973  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4974);
4975
4976/*
4977** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4978**
4979** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4980** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4981*/
4982#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4983#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4984#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4985#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4986#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4987#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4988
4989/*
4990** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4991**
4992** These constants may be ORed together with the
4993** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4994** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4995** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4996**
4997** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
4998** the same output when the input parameters are the same. The abs() function
4999** is deterministic, for example, but randomblob() is not.  Functions must
5000** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5001** [CHECK constraints] or [generated columns].  SQLite might also optimize
5002** deterministic functions by factoring them out of inner loops.
5003**
5004** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5005** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs.  This is
5006** a security feature which is recommended for all
5007** [application-defined SQL functions] that have side-effects.  This flag
5008** prevents an attacker from adding triggers and views to a schema then
5009** tricking a high-privilege application into causing unintended side-effects
5010** while performing ordinary queries.
5011**
5012** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5013** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5014** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5015** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5016** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5017** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5018** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5019*/
5020#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5021#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5022#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5023
5024/*
5025** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5026** DEPRECATED
5027**
5028** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5029** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5030** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5031** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5032** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5033*/
5034#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5035SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5036SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5037SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5038SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5039SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5040SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5041                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5042#endif
5043
5044/*
5045** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5046** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5047**
5048** <b>Summary:</b>
5049** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5050** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5051** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5052** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5053** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5054** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5055** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5056** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5057** the native byteorder
5058** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5059** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5060** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5061** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5062** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5063** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5064** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5065** TEXT in bytes
5066** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5067** datatype of the value
5068** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5069** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5070** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5071** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5072** against a virtual table.
5073** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5074** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5075** </table></blockquote>
5076**
5077** <b>Details:</b>
5078**
5079** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5080** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5081** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5082** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5083**
5084** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5085** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5086** is not threadsafe.
5087**
5088** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5089** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5090** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5091**
5092** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5093** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5094** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5095** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5096**
5097** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5098** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5099** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5100** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5101** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5102** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5103**
5104** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5105** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5106** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5107** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5108** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5109** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5110** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5111** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5112** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5113** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5114**
5115** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5116** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5117** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5118** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5119** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5120** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5121** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5122**
5123** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5124** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5125** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5126** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5127** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5128** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5129** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5130** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5131** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5132** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5133** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5134** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5135**
5136** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5137** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5138** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5139** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5140**
5141** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5142** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5143** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5144** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5145** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5146**
5147** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5148** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5149**
5150** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5151** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5152** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5153** errors:
5154**
5155** <ul>
5156** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5157** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5158** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5159** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5160** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5161** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5162** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5163** </ul>
5164**
5165** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5166** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5167** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5168** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5169** return value is obtained and before any
5170** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5171*/
5172const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5173double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5174int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5175sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5176void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5177const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5178const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5179const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5180const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5181int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5182int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5183int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5184int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5185int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5186int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5187
5188/*
5189** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5190** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5191**
5192** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5193** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5194** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5195** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5196** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5197*/
5198unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5199
5200/*
5201** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5202** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5203**
5204** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5205** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5206** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5207** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5208** memory allocation fails.
5209**
5210** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5211** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5212** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5213*/
5214sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5215void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5216
5217/*
5218** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5219** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5220**
5221** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5222** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5223**
5224** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5225** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5226** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5227** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5228** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5229** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5230** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5231** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5232** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5233** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5234** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5235** first time from within xFinal().)^
5236**
5237** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5238** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5239** allocate error occurs.
5240**
5241** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5242** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5243** value of N in any subsequents call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5244** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5245** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5246** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5247** pointless memory allocations occur.
5248**
5249** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5250** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5251**
5252** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5253** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5254** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5255** function.
5256**
5257** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5258** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5259*/
5260void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5261
5262/*
5263** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5264** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5265**
5266** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5267** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5268** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5269** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5270** registered the application defined function.
5271**
5272** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5273** the application-defined function is running.
5274*/
5275void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5276
5277/*
5278** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5279** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5280**
5281** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5282** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5283** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5284** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5285** registered the application defined function.
5286*/
5287sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5288
5289/*
5290** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5291** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5292**
5293** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5294** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5295** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5296** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5297** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5298** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5299** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5300** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5301** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5302** invocations of the same function.
5303**
5304** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5305** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5306** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5307** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5308** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5309** returns a NULL pointer.
5310**
5311** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5312** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5313** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5314** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5315** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5316** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5317** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5318** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5319** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5320** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5321** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5322**      SQL statement)^, or
5323** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5324**       parameter)^, or
5325** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5326**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5327**
5328** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5329** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5330** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5331** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5332** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5333** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5334**
5335** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5336** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5337** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5338**
5339** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5340** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5341** kinds of function caching behavior.
5342**
5343** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5344** the SQL function is running.
5345*/
5346void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5347void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5348
5349
5350/*
5351** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5352**
5353** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5354** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5355** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5356** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5357** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5358** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5359** the content before returning.
5360**
5361** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5362** C++ compilers.
5363*/
5364typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5365#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5366#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5367
5368/*
5369** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5370** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5371**
5372** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5373** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5374** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5375** for additional information.
5376**
5377** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5378** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5379** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5380**
5381** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5382** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5383** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5384** third parameter.
5385**
5386** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5387** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5388** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5389**
5390** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5391** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5392** by its 2nd argument.
5393**
5394** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5395** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5396** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5397** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5398** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5399** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5400** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5401** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5402** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5403** message all text up through the first zero character.
5404** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5405** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5406** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5407** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5408** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5409** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5410** modify the text after they return without harm.
5411** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5412** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5413** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5414** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5415**
5416** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5417** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5418**
5419** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5420** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5421**
5422** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5423** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5424** value given in the 2nd argument.
5425** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5426** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5427** value given in the 2nd argument.
5428**
5429** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5430** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5431**
5432** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5433** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5434** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5435** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5436** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5437** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5438** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5439** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5440** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5441** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5442** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5443** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5444** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5445** through the first zero character.
5446** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5447** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5448** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5449** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5450** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5451** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5452** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5453** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5454** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5455** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5456** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5457** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5458** finished using that result.
5459** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5460** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5461** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5462** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5463** when it has finished using that result.
5464** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5465** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5466** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5467** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5468**
5469** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5470** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5471** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5472** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5473** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5474** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5475** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5476** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5477** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5478**
5479** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5480** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5481** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5482** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5483** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5484** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5485** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5486** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5487** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5488** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5489**
5490** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5491** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5492** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5493*/
5494void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5495void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5496                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5497void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5498void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5499void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5500void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5501void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5502void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5503void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5504void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5505void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5506void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5507void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5508                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5509void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5510void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5511void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5512void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5513void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5514void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5515int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5516
5517
5518/*
5519** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5520** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5521**
5522** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5523** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5524** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5525** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5526** higher order bits are discarded.
5527** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5528** in future releases of SQLite.
5529*/
5530void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5531
5532/*
5533** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5534** METHOD: sqlite3
5535**
5536** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5537** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5538**
5539** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5540** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5541** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5542** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5543** considered to be the same name.
5544**
5545** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5546** <ul>
5547** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5548** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5549** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5550** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5551** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5552** </ul>)^
5553** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5554** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5555** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5556** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5557** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5558** on an even byte address.
5559**
5560** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5561** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5562**
5563** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5564** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5565** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5566** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5567** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5568** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5569** that collation is no longer usable.
5570**
5571** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5572** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5573** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5574** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5575** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5576** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5577** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5578** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5579** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5580** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5581** strings A, B, and C:
5582**
5583** <ol>
5584** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5585** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5586** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5587** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5588** </ol>
5589**
5590** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5591** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5592** is undefined.
5593**
5594** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5595** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5596** the collating function is deleted.
5597** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5598** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5599** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5600**
5601** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5602** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5603** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5604** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5605** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5606** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5607** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5608** compatibility.
5609**
5610** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5611*/
5612int sqlite3_create_collation(
5613  sqlite3*,
5614  const char *zName,
5615  int eTextRep,
5616  void *pArg,
5617  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5618);
5619int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5620  sqlite3*,
5621  const char *zName,
5622  int eTextRep,
5623  void *pArg,
5624  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5625  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5626);
5627int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5628  sqlite3*,
5629  const void *zName,
5630  int eTextRep,
5631  void *pArg,
5632  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5633);
5634
5635/*
5636** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5637** METHOD: sqlite3
5638**
5639** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5640** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5641** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5642** sequence is required.
5643**
5644** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5645** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5646** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5647** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5648** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5649**
5650** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5651** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5652** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5653** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5654** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5655** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5656** required collation sequence.)^
5657**
5658** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5659** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5660** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5661*/
5662int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5663  sqlite3*,
5664  void*,
5665  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5666);
5667int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5668  sqlite3*,
5669  void*,
5670  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5671);
5672
5673#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5674/*
5675** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5676** called right after sqlite3_open().
5677**
5678** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5679** of SQLite.
5680*/
5681int sqlite3_key(
5682  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5683  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5684);
5685int sqlite3_key_v2(
5686  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5687  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5688  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5689);
5690
5691/*
5692** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5693** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5694** database is decrypted.
5695**
5696** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5697** of SQLite.
5698*/
5699int sqlite3_rekey(
5700  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5701  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5702);
5703int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5704  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5705  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5706  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5707);
5708
5709/*
5710** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5711** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5712*/
5713void sqlite3_activate_see(
5714  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5715);
5716#endif
5717
5718#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5719/*
5720** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5721** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5722*/
5723void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5724  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5725);
5726#endif
5727
5728/*
5729** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5730**
5731** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5732** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5733**
5734** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5735** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5736** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5737** requested from the operating system is returned.
5738**
5739** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5740** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5741** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5742** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5743** in the previous paragraphs.
5744*/
5745int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5746
5747/*
5748** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5749**
5750** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5751** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5752** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5753** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5754** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5755** temporary file directory.
5756**
5757** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5758** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5759** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5760** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5761** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5762** be avoided in new projects.
5763**
5764** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5765** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5766** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5767** thread.
5768** It is intended that this variable be set once
5769** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5770** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5771** thereafter.
5772**
5773** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5774** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5775** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5776** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5777** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5778** using [sqlite3_free].
5779** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5780** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5781** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5782** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5783** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5784** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5785** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5786** objects have been destroyed.
5787**
5788** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5789** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5790** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5791** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5792**
5793** <blockquote><pre>
5794** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5795** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5796** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5797** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5798** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5799** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5800** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5801** </pre></blockquote>
5802*/
5803SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5804
5805/*
5806** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5807**
5808** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5809** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5810** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5811** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5812** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5813** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5814** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5815** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5816** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5817**
5818** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5819** open can result in a corrupt database.
5820**
5821** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5822** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5823** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5824** thread.
5825** It is intended that this variable be set once
5826** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5827** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5828** thereafter.
5829**
5830** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5831** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5832** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5833** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5834** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5835** using [sqlite3_free].
5836** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5837** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5838** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5839*/
5840SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5841
5842/*
5843** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5844**
5845** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5846** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5847** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5848** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5849** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5850** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5851** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5852** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5853** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5854** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5855** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5856** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
5857** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
5858** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
5859** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
5860*/
5861int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5862  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5863  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5864);
5865int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
5866int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
5867
5868/*
5869** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5870**
5871** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5872** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5873*/
5874#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5875#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5876
5877/*
5878** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5879** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5880** METHOD: sqlite3
5881**
5882** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5883** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5884** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5885** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5886** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5887**
5888** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5889** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5890** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5891** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5892** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5893** an error is to use this function.
5894**
5895** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5896** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5897** is undefined.
5898*/
5899int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5900
5901/*
5902** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5903** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5904**
5905** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5906** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5907** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5908** that was the first argument
5909** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5910** create the statement in the first place.
5911*/
5912sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5913
5914/*
5915** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5916** METHOD: sqlite3
5917**
5918** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
5919** associated with database N of connection D.
5920** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
5921** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5922** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
5923**
5924** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
5925** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
5926** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
5927**
5928** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5929** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5930** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5931** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5932*/
5933const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5934
5935/*
5936** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5937** METHOD: sqlite3
5938**
5939** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5940** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5941** the name of a database on connection D.
5942*/
5943int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5944
5945/*
5946** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5947** METHOD: sqlite3
5948**
5949** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5950** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5951** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5952** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5953** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5954**
5955** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5956** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5957** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5958*/
5959sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5960
5961/*
5962** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5963** METHOD: sqlite3
5964**
5965** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5966** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5967** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5968** for the same database connection is overridden.
5969** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5970** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5971** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5972** for the same database connection is overridden.
5973** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5974** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5975** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5976**
5977** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5978** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5979** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5980** the first call for each function on D.
5981**
5982** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5983** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5984** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5985** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5986** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5987** or rollback hook in the first place.
5988** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5989** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5990** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5991**
5992** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5993**
5994** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5995** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5996** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5997** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5998** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5999**
6000** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6001** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6002** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6003** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6004** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6005**
6006** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6007*/
6008void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6009void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6010
6011/*
6012** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6013** METHOD: sqlite3
6014**
6015** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6016** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6017** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6018** a [rowid table].
6019** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6020** for the same database connection is overridden.
6021**
6022** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6023** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6024** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6025** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6026** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6027** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6028** to be invoked.
6029** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6030** database and table name containing the affected row.
6031** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6032** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6033**
6034** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6035** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
6036** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6037**
6038** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6039** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6040** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6041** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6042** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6043** release of SQLite.
6044**
6045** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6046** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6047** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6048** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6049** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6050** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6051**
6052** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6053** returns the P argument from the previous call
6054** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6055** the first call on D.
6056**
6057** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6058** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6059*/
6060void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6061  sqlite3*,
6062  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6063  void*
6064);
6065
6066/*
6067** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6068**
6069** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6070** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6071** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6072** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6073**
6074** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6075** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6076** In prior versions of SQLite,
6077** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6078**
6079** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6080** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6081** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6082** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6083**
6084** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6085** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6086**
6087** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6088** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6089** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6090** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6091** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6092** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6093** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6094**
6095** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6096** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6097** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6098** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6099**
6100** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6101** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6102**
6103** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6104*/
6105int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6106
6107/*
6108** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6109**
6110** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6111** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6112** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6113** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6114** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6115** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6116** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6117** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6118**
6119** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6120*/
6121int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6122
6123/*
6124** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6125** METHOD: sqlite3
6126**
6127** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6128** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6129** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6130** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6131** omitted.
6132**
6133** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6134*/
6135int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6136
6137/*
6138** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6139**
6140** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6141** by all database connections within a single process.
6142**
6143** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6144** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6145** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6146** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6147** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6148** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6149** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6150** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6151** is advisory only.
6152**
6153** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6154** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6155** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6156** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6157** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6158**
6159** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6160** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6161** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6162** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6163** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6164** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6165** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6166**
6167** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6168**
6169** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6170** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6171** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6172** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6173** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6174** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6175** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6176** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6177** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6178** hard heap limit.
6179**
6180** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6181** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6182**
6183** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6184** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6185**
6186** <ul>
6187** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6188** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6189**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6190**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6191** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6192**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6193** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6194**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6195**      from the heap.
6196** </ul>)^
6197**
6198** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6199** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6200*/
6201sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6202sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6203
6204/*
6205** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6206** DEPRECATED
6207**
6208** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6209** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6210** only.  All new applications should use the
6211** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6212*/
6213SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6214
6215
6216/*
6217** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6218** METHOD: sqlite3
6219**
6220** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6221** information about column C of table T in database D
6222** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6223** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6224** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6225** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6226** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6227** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6228** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6229** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6230** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6231** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6232** undefined behavior.
6233**
6234** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6235** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6236** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6237** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6238** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6239** resolve unqualified table references.
6240**
6241** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6242** name of the desired column, respectively.
6243**
6244** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6245** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6246** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6247**
6248** ^(<blockquote>
6249** <table border="1">
6250** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6251**
6252** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6253** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6254** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6255** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6256** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6257** </table>
6258** </blockquote>)^
6259**
6260** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6261** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6262** call to any SQLite API function.
6263**
6264** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6265**
6266** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6267** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6268** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6269** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6270** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6271** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6272**
6273** <pre>
6274**     data type: "INTEGER"
6275**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6276**     not null: 0
6277**     primary key: 1
6278**     auto increment: 0
6279** </pre>)^
6280**
6281** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6282** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6283** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6284*/
6285int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6286  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6287  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6288  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6289  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6290  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6291  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6292  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6293  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6294  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6295);
6296
6297/*
6298** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6299** METHOD: sqlite3
6300**
6301** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6302**
6303** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6304** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6305** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6306** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6307** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6308** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6309** be tried also.
6310**
6311** ^The entry point is zProc.
6312** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6313** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6314** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6315** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6316** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6317** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6318** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6319** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6320** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6321** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6322** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6323** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6324** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6325**
6326** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6327** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6328** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6329** prior to calling this API,
6330** otherwise an error will be returned.
6331**
6332** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6333** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6334** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6335** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6336** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6337** access to extension loading capabilities.
6338**
6339** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6340*/
6341int sqlite3_load_extension(
6342  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6343  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6344  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6345  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6346);
6347
6348/*
6349** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6350** METHOD: sqlite3
6351**
6352** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6353** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6354** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6355** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6356**
6357** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6358** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6359** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6360** it back off again.
6361**
6362** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6363** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6364** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6365** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6366**
6367** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6368** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6369** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6370** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6371** access to extension loading capabilities.
6372*/
6373int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6374
6375/*
6376** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6377**
6378** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6379** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6380** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6381** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6382**
6383** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6384** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6385** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6386** entry point where as follows:
6387**
6388** <blockquote><pre>
6389** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6390** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6391** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6392** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6393** &nbsp;  );
6394** </pre></blockquote>)^
6395**
6396** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6397** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6398** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6399** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6400** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6401** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6402** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6403**
6404** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6405** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6406** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6407**
6408** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6409** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6410*/
6411int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6412
6413/*
6414** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6415**
6416** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6417** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6418** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6419** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6420** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6421** routines.
6422*/
6423int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6424
6425/*
6426** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6427**
6428** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6429** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6430*/
6431void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6432
6433/*
6434** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6435** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6436** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6437**
6438** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6439** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6440*/
6441
6442/*
6443** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6444*/
6445typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6446typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6447typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6448typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6449
6450/*
6451** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6452** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6453**
6454** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6455** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
6456** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6457**
6458** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6459** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6460** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6461** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6462** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6463** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6464** any database connection.
6465*/
6466struct sqlite3_module {
6467  int iVersion;
6468  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6469               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6470               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6471  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6472               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6473               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6474  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6475  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6476  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6477  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6478  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6479  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6480                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6481  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6482  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6483  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6484  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6485  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6486  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6487  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6488  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6489  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6490  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6491                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6492                       void **ppArg);
6493  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6494  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6495  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6496  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6497  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6498  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6499  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6500  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6501  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6502};
6503
6504/*
6505** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6506** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6507**
6508** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6509** of the [virtual table] interface to
6510** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6511** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6512** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6513** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6514**
6515** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6516**
6517** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6518**
6519** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6520** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6521** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6522** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6523** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6524** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6525** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6526**
6527** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6528** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6529** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6530** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6531** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6532**
6533** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6534** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6535**
6536** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6537** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6538** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6539** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6540** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6541** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6542** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6543** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6544** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6545** non-zero.
6546**
6547** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6548** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6549** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6550** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6551** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6552** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
6553** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
6554** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
6555** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
6556** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
6557** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
6558** not be checked again using byte code.)^
6559**
6560** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6561** [xFilter] method.
6562** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6563** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6564**
6565** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6566** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6567** sorting step is required.
6568**
6569** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6570** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6571** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6572** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6573** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6574**
6575** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6576** will be returned by the strategy.
6577**
6578** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6579** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6580** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6581** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6582**
6583** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6584** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6585** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6586** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6587** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6588** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6589** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6590** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6591** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6592**
6593** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6594** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6595** If a virtual table extension is
6596** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6597** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6598** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6599** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6600** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6601** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6602** It may therefore only be used if
6603** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6604** 3009000.
6605*/
6606struct sqlite3_index_info {
6607  /* Inputs */
6608  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6609  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6610     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6611     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6612     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6613     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6614  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6615  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6616  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6617     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6618     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6619  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6620  /* Outputs */
6621  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6622    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6623    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6624  } *aConstraintUsage;
6625  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6626  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6627  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6628  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6629  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6630  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6631  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6632  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6633  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6634  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6635  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6636};
6637
6638/*
6639** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6640**
6641** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6642** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6643** these bits.
6644*/
6645#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6646
6647/*
6648** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6649**
6650** These macros define the allowed values for the
6651** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6652** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6653** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6654*/
6655#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6656#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6657#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6658#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6659#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6660#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6661#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6662#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6663#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6664#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6665#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6666#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6667#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6668#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6669#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
6670
6671/*
6672** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6673** METHOD: sqlite3
6674**
6675** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6676** ^Module names must be registered before
6677** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6678** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6679**
6680** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6681** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6682** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6683** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6684** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6685** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6686** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6687**
6688** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6689** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6690** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6691** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6692** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6693** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6694** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6695** destructor.
6696**
6697** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
6698** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
6699** same name are dropped.
6700**
6701** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
6702*/
6703int sqlite3_create_module(
6704  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6705  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6706  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6707  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6708);
6709int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6710  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6711  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6712  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6713  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6714  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6715);
6716
6717/*
6718** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
6719** METHOD: sqlite3
6720**
6721** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
6722** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
6723** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
6724** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
6725** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
6726**
6727** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
6728*/
6729int sqlite3_drop_modules(
6730  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
6731  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
6732);
6733
6734/*
6735** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6736** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6737**
6738** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6739** of this object to describe a particular instance
6740** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6741** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6742** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6743** common to all module implementations.
6744**
6745** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6746** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6747** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6748** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6749** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6750** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6751*/
6752struct sqlite3_vtab {
6753  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6754  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6755  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6756  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6757};
6758
6759/*
6760** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6761** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6762**
6763** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6764** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6765** [virtual table] and are used
6766** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6767** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6768** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6769** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6770** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6771** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6772**
6773** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6774** are common to all implementations.
6775*/
6776struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6777  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6778  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6779};
6780
6781/*
6782** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6783**
6784** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6785** [virtual table module] call this interface
6786** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6787** the virtual tables they implement.
6788*/
6789int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6790
6791/*
6792** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6793** METHOD: sqlite3
6794**
6795** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6796** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6797** But global versions of those functions
6798** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6799**
6800** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6801** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6802** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6803** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6804** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6805** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6806** by a [virtual table].
6807*/
6808int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6809
6810/*
6811** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6812** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6813** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6814** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6815**
6816** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6817** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6818*/
6819
6820/*
6821** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6822** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6823**
6824** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6825** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6826** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6827** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6828** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6829** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6830** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6831*/
6832typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6833
6834/*
6835** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6836** METHOD: sqlite3
6837** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6838**
6839** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6840** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6841** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6842**
6843** <pre>
6844**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6845** </pre>)^
6846**
6847** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6848** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6849** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6850** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6851** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6852**
6853** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6854** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6855** read-only access.
6856**
6857** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6858** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6859** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6860** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6861** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6862**
6863** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6864** <ul>
6865**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6866**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6867**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6868**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6869**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6870**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6871**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6872**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6873**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6874**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6875**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6876**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6877** </ul>
6878**
6879** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6880** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6881** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6882**
6883** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6884** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6885** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6886** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6887** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6888** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6889**
6890** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6891** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6892** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6893** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6894** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6895** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6896** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6897** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6898** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6899** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6900**
6901** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6902** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6903** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6904** blob.
6905**
6906** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6907** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6908** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6909**
6910** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6911** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6912**
6913** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6914** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6915** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6916*/
6917int sqlite3_blob_open(
6918  sqlite3*,
6919  const char *zDb,
6920  const char *zTable,
6921  const char *zColumn,
6922  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6923  int flags,
6924  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6925);
6926
6927/*
6928** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6929** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6930**
6931** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6932** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6933** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6934** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6935** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6936** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6937**
6938** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6939** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6940** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6941** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6942** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6943** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6944** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6945** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6946** always returns zero.
6947**
6948** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6949*/
6950int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6951
6952/*
6953** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6954** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6955**
6956** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6957** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6958** handle is still closed.)^
6959**
6960** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6961** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6962** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6963** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6964** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6965**
6966** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6967** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6968** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6969** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6970** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6971** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6972*/
6973int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6974
6975/*
6976** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6977** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6978**
6979** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6980** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6981** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6982** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6983**
6984** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6985** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6986** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6987** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6988*/
6989int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6990
6991/*
6992** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6993** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6994**
6995** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6996** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6997** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6998**
6999** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7000** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7001** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7002** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7003** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7004**
7005** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7006** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7007**
7008** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7009** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7010**
7011** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7012** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7013** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7014** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7015**
7016** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7017*/
7018int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7019
7020/*
7021** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7022** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7023**
7024** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7025** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7026** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7027**
7028** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7029** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7030** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7031** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7032** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7033**
7034** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7035** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7036** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7037**
7038** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7039** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7040** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7041** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7042** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7043** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7044** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7045**
7046** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7047** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7048** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7049** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7050** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7051** or by other independent statements.
7052**
7053** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7054** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7055** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7056** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7057**
7058** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7059*/
7060int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7061
7062/*
7063** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7064**
7065** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7066** that SQLite uses to interact
7067** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7068** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7069** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7070** The following interfaces are provided.
7071**
7072** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7073** ^Names are case sensitive.
7074** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7075** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7076** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7077**
7078** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7079** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7080** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7081** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7082** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7083** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7084** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7085** then the behavior is undefined.
7086**
7087** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7088** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7089** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7090*/
7091sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7092int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7093int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7094
7095/*
7096** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7097**
7098** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7099** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7100** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7101** permitted to use any of these routines.
7102**
7103** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7104** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7105** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7106** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7107**
7108** <ul>
7109** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7110** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7111** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7112** </ul>
7113**
7114** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7115** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7116** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7117** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7118** and Windows.
7119**
7120** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7121** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7122** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7123** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7124** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7125** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7126** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7127**
7128** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7129** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7130** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7131** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7132** integer constants:
7133**
7134** <ul>
7135** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7136** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7137** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
7138** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7139** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7140** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7141** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7142** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7143** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7144** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7145** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7146** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7147** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7148** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7149** </ul>
7150**
7151** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7152** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7153** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7154** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7155** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7156** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7157** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7158** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7159** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7160** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7161**
7162** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7163** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7164** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7165** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7166** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7167** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7168** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7169** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7170**
7171** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7172** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7173** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7174** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7175** the same type number.
7176**
7177** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7178** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7179** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7180**
7181** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7182** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7183** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7184** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7185** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7186** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7187** In such cases, the
7188** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7189** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7190** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7191**
7192** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7193** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7194** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7195** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7196** behavior.)^
7197**
7198** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7199** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7200** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7201** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7202**
7203** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7204** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7205** behave as no-ops.
7206**
7207** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7208*/
7209sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7210void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7211void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7212int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7213void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7214
7215/*
7216** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7217**
7218** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7219** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7220**
7221** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7222** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7223** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7224** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7225** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7226** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7227** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7228** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7229** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7230**
7231** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7232** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7233** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7234** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7235**
7236** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7237** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7238** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7239** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7240** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7241** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7242**
7243** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7244** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7245** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7246**
7247** <ul>
7248**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7249**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7250**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7251**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7252**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7253**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7254**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7255** </ul>)^
7256**
7257** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7258** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7259** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7260** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7261** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7262** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7263** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7264**
7265** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7266** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7267** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7268** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7269**
7270** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7271** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7272** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7273** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7274**
7275** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7276** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7277** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7278** prior to returning.
7279*/
7280typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7281struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7282  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7283  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7284  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7285  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7286  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7287  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7288  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7289  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7290  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7291};
7292
7293/*
7294** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7295**
7296** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7297** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7298** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7299** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7300** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7301** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7302** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7303** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7304**
7305** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7306** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7307**
7308** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7309** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7310** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7311** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7312**
7313** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7314** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7315** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7316** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7317** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7318** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7319** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7320** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7321*/
7322#ifndef NDEBUG
7323int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7324int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7325#endif
7326
7327/*
7328** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7329**
7330** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7331** which is one of these integer constants.
7332**
7333** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7334** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7335** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7336*/
7337#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7338#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7339#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7340#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7341#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7342#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7343#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7344#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7345#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7346#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7347#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7348#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7349#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7350#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7351#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7352#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7353
7354/*
7355** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7356** METHOD: sqlite3
7357**
7358** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7359** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7360** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7361** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7362** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7363*/
7364sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7365
7366/*
7367** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7368** METHOD: sqlite3
7369** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7370**
7371** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7372** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7373** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7374** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7375** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7376** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7377** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7378** main database file.
7379** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7380** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7381** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7382** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7383**
7384** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7385** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7386** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7387** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7388** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7389** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7390** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7391** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7392** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7393** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7394** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7395** from the pager.
7396**
7397** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7398** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7399** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7400** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7401** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7402** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7403** xFileControl method.
7404**
7405** See also: [file control opcodes]
7406*/
7407int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7408
7409/*
7410** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7411**
7412** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7413** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7414** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7415** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7416**
7417** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7418** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7419** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7420**
7421** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7422** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7423** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7424** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7425*/
7426int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7427
7428/*
7429** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7430**
7431** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7432** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7433**
7434** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7435** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7436** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7437** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7438*/
7439#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7440#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7441#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7442#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
7443#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7444#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7445#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7446#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7447#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7448#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7449#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7450#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7451#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7452#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7453#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7454#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7455#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7456#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7457#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7458#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7459#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7460#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7461#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7462#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7463#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7464#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
7465#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
7466#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
7467#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    29  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7468
7469/*
7470** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7471**
7472** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7473** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7474** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7475** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7476**
7477** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7478** keywords understood by SQLite.
7479**
7480** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7481** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7482** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7483** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7484** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7485** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7486** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7487**
7488** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7489** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7490** if it is and zero if not.
7491**
7492** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7493** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7494** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7495** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7496** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7497** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7498** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7499** name collisions include:
7500** <ul>
7501** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7502**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7503** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7504**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7505**      technique.
7506** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7507**      with "Z".
7508** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7509** </ul>
7510**
7511** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7512** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7513** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7514** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7515*/
7516int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7517int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7518int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7519
7520/*
7521** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7522** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7523**
7524** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7525** string under construction.
7526**
7527** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7528** <ol>
7529** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7530** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7531** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7532** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7533** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7534** </ol>
7535*/
7536typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7537
7538/*
7539** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7540** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7541**
7542** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7543** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7544** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7545** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7546**
7547** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7548** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7549** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7550** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7551** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7552** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7553** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7554** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7555** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7556**
7557** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7558** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7559** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7560** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7561** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7562*/
7563sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7564
7565/*
7566** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7567** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7568**
7569** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7570** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7571** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7572** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7573** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7574** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7575** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7576** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7577*/
7578char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7579
7580/*
7581** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7582** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7583**
7584** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7585** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7586**
7587** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7588** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7589** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7590** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7591**
7592** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7593** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7594** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7595** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7596** method instead.
7597**
7598** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7599** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7600**
7601** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7602** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7603** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7604**
7605** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7606** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7607**
7608** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7609** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7610** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7611*/
7612void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7613void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7614void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7615void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7616void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7617void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7618
7619/*
7620** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7621** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7622**
7623** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7624**
7625** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7626** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7627** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7628** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7629** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7630** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7631**
7632** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7633** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7634** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7635** zero-termination byte.
7636**
7637** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7638** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7639** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7640** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7641** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7642** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7643** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7644** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7645** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7646** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7647*/
7648int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7649int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7650char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7651
7652/*
7653** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7654**
7655** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7656** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7657** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7658** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7659** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7660** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7661** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7662** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7663** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7664** value.  For those parameters
7665** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7666** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7667** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7668**
7669** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7670** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7671**
7672** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7673** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7674** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7675**
7676** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7677*/
7678int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7679int sqlite3_status64(
7680  int op,
7681  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7682  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7683  int resetFlag
7684);
7685
7686
7687/*
7688** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7689** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7690**
7691** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7692** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7693**
7694** <dl>
7695** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7696** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7697** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7698** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7699** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7700** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7701** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7702** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7703**
7704** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7705** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7706** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7707** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7708** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7709** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7710**
7711** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7712** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7713** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7714**
7715** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7716** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7717** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7718** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7719** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7720**
7721** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7722** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7723** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7724** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7725** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7726** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7727** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7728** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7729** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7730**
7731** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7732** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7733** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7734** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7735** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7736**
7737** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7738** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7739**
7740** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7741** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7742**
7743** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7744** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7745**
7746** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7747** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7748** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7749** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7750** </dl>
7751**
7752** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7753*/
7754#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7755#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7756#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7757#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7758#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7759#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7760#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7761#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7762#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7763#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7764
7765/*
7766** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7767** METHOD: sqlite3
7768**
7769** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7770** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7771** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7772** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7773** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7774** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7775** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7776** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7777**
7778** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7779** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7780** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7781** reset back down to the current value.
7782**
7783** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7784** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7785**
7786** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7787*/
7788int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7789
7790/*
7791** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7792** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7793**
7794** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7795** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7796**
7797** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7798** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7799** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7800** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7801** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7802**
7803** <dl>
7804** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7805** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7806** checked out.</dd>)^
7807**
7808** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7809** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
7810** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7811** the current value is always zero.)^
7812**
7813** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7814** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7815** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7816** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7817** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7818** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7819** the current value is always zero.)^
7820**
7821** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7822** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7823** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7824** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7825** memory already being in use.
7826** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7827** the current value is always zero.)^
7828**
7829** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7830** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7831** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7832** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7833**
7834** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7835** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7836** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7837** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7838** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7839** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7840** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7841** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7842** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7843** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7844** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7845**
7846** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7847** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7848** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7849** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7850** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7851** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7852** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7853** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7854**
7855** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7856** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7857** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7858** the database connection.)^
7859** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7860** </dd>
7861**
7862** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7863** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7864** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7865** is always 0.
7866** </dd>
7867**
7868** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7869** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7870** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7871** is always 0.
7872** </dd>
7873**
7874** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7875** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7876** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7877** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7878** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7879** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7880** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7881** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7882** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7883** </dd>
7884**
7885** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7886** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7887** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7888** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7889** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7890** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7891** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
7892** </dd>
7893**
7894** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7895** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7896** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7897** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7898** </dd>
7899** </dl>
7900*/
7901#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7902#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7903#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7904#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7905#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7906#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7907#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7908#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7909#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7910#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7911#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7912#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7913#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7914#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7915
7916
7917/*
7918** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7919** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7920**
7921** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7922** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7923** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7924** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7925** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7926** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7927** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7928** an index.
7929**
7930** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7931** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7932** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7933** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7934** to be interrogated.)^
7935** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7936** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7937** interface call returns.
7938**
7939** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7940*/
7941int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7942
7943/*
7944** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7945** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7946**
7947** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7948** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7949** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7950**
7951** <dl>
7952** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7953** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7954** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7955** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7956** careful use of indices.</dd>
7957**
7958** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7959** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7960** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7961** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7962**
7963** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7964** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7965** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7966** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7967** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7968** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7969**
7970** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7971** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7972** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7973** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7974** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7975** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7976** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7977**
7978** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7979** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7980** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
7981** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7982**
7983** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7984** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7985** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7986** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7987** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7988** cycle.
7989**
7990** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7991** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7992** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7993** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7994** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7995** </dd>
7996** </dl>
7997*/
7998#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7999#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8000#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8001#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8002#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8003#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8004#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8005
8006/*
8007** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8008**
8009** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8010** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8011** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8012** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8013** to the object.
8014**
8015** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8016*/
8017typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8018
8019/*
8020** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8021**
8022** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8023** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8024** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8025** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8026**
8027** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8028*/
8029typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8030struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8031  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8032  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8033};
8034
8035/*
8036** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8037** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8038**
8039** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8040** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8041** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8042** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8043** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8044** By implementing a
8045** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8046** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8047** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8048** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8049** how long.
8050**
8051** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8052** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8053** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8054**
8055** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8056** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8057** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8058** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8059**
8060** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8061** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8062** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8063** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8064** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8065** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8066** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8067** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8068** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8069** page cache.)^
8070**
8071** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8072** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8073** It can be used to clean up
8074** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8075** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8076**
8077** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8078** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8079** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8080** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8081** in multithreaded applications.
8082**
8083** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8084** call to xShutdown().
8085**
8086** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8087** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8088** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8089** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8090** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8091** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8092** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8093** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8094** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8095** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8096** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8097** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8098** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8099** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8100** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8101** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8102** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8103** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8104** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8105** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8106** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8107** never contain any unpinned pages.
8108**
8109** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8110** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8111** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8112** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8113** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8114** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8115** value; it is advisory only.
8116**
8117** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8118** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8119** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8120**
8121** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8122** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8123** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8124** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8125** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8126** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8127** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8128** for each entry in the page cache.
8129**
8130** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8131** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8132** to be "pinned".
8133**
8134** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8135** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8136** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8137** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8138** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8139**
8140** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8141** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8142** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8143** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8144**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8145** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8146**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8147** </table>
8148**
8149** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8150** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8151** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8152** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8153** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8154**
8155** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8156** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8157** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8158** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8159** ^If the discard parameter is
8160** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8161** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8162** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8163**
8164** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8165** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8166** to xFetch().
8167**
8168** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8169** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8170** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8171** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8172** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8173** to be pinned.
8174**
8175** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8176** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8177** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8178** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8179** they can be safely discarded.
8180**
8181** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8182** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8183** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8184** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8185** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8186** functions.
8187**
8188** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8189** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8190** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8191** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8192** do their best.
8193*/
8194typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8195struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8196  int iVersion;
8197  void *pArg;
8198  int (*xInit)(void*);
8199  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8200  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8201  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8202  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8203  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8204  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8205  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8206      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8207  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8208  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8209  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8210};
8211
8212/*
8213** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8214** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8215** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8216*/
8217typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8218struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8219  void *pArg;
8220  int (*xInit)(void*);
8221  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8222  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8223  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8224  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8225  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8226  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8227  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8228  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8229  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8230};
8231
8232
8233/*
8234** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8235**
8236** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8237** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8238** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8239** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8240**
8241** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8242*/
8243typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8244
8245/*
8246** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8247**
8248** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8249** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8250** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8251**
8252** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8253**
8254** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8255** for the duration of the backup operation.
8256** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8257** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8258** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8259** preventing other database connections from
8260** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8261**
8262** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8263**   <ol>
8264**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8265**         backup,
8266**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8267**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8268**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8269**         associated with the backup operation.
8270**   </ol>)^
8271** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8272** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8273**
8274** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8275**
8276** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8277** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8278** and the database name, respectively.
8279** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8280** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8281** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8282** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8283** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8284** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8285** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8286** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8287** an error.
8288**
8289** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8290** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8291** destination database.
8292**
8293** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8294** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8295** destination [database connection] D.
8296** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8297** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8298** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8299** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8300** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8301** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8302** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8303** operation.
8304**
8305** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8306**
8307** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8308** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8309** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8310** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8311** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8312** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8313** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8314** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8315** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8316** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8317** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8318** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8319**
8320** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8321** <ol>
8322** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8323** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8324** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8325** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8326** destination and source page sizes differ.
8327** </ol>)^
8328**
8329** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8330** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8331** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8332** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8333** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8334** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8335** [database connection]
8336** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8337** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8338** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8339** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8340** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8341** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8342** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8343** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8344** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8345**
8346** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8347** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8348** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8349** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8350** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8351** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8352** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8353** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8354** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8355** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8356** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8357** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8358** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8359** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8360** updated at the same time.
8361**
8362** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8363**
8364** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8365** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8366** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8367** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8368** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8369** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8370** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8371** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8372** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8373**
8374** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8375** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8376** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8377** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8378** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8379** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8380**
8381** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8382** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8383** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8384**
8385** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8386** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8387**
8388** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8389** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8390** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8391** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8392** sqlite3_backup_step().
8393** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8394** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8395** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8396** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8397** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8398** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8399**
8400** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8401**
8402** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8403** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8404** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8405** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8406** from within other threads.
8407**
8408** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8409** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8410** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8411** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8412** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8413** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8414** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8415** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8416**
8417** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8418** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8419** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8420** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8421** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8422** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8423**
8424** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8425** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8426** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8427** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8428** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8429** possible that they return invalid values.
8430*/
8431sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8432  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8433  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8434  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8435  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8436);
8437int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8438int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8439int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8440int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8441
8442/*
8443** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8444** METHOD: sqlite3
8445**
8446** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8447** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8448** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8449** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8450** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8451** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8452** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8453** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8454**
8455** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8456**
8457** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8458** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8459**
8460** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8461** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8462** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8463** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8464** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8465** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8466** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8467** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8468** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8469** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
8470**
8471** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8472** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8473** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8474** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8475** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8476**
8477** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8478** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8479** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8480** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8481**
8482** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8483** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8484** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8485** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8486** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8487** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8488** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8489** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8490**
8491** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8492** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8493** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8494**
8495** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8496** returns SQLITE_OK.
8497**
8498** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8499**
8500** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8501** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8502** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8503** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8504** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8505** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8506**
8507** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
8508** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8509** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8510** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8511** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8512** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8513** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8514** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8515**
8516** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8517**
8518** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8519** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8520** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8521** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8522** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8523** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8524** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8525**
8526** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8527** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8528** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8529** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8530** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8531** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8532** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8533** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8534** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8535** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8536** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8537** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8538**
8539** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8540**
8541** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8542** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8543** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8544** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8545** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8546** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8547** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8548** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8549** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8550**
8551** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8552** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8553** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8554** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8555** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8556*/
8557int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8558  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8559  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8560  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8561);
8562
8563
8564/*
8565** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8566**
8567** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8568** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8569** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8570** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8571*/
8572int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8573int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8574
8575/*
8576** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8577*
8578** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8579** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8580** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8581** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8582** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8583** is case sensitive.
8584**
8585** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8586** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8587**
8588** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8589*/
8590int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8591
8592/*
8593** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8594*
8595** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8596** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8597** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8598** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8599** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8600** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8601** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8602** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8603** one another.
8604**
8605** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8606** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8607**
8608** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8609** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8610**
8611** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8612*/
8613int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8614
8615/*
8616** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8617**
8618** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8619** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8620** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8621** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8622**
8623** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8624** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8625** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8626** is considered bad form.
8627**
8628** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8629**
8630** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8631** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8632** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8633** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8634** buffer.
8635*/
8636void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8637
8638/*
8639** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8640** METHOD: sqlite3
8641**
8642** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8643** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8644**
8645** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8646** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8647** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8648**
8649** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8650** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8651** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8652** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8653** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8654** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8655** including those that were just committed.
8656**
8657** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8658** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8659** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8660** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8661** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8662** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8663** are undefined.
8664**
8665** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8666** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8667** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8668** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8669** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8670** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8671*/
8672void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8673  sqlite3*,
8674  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8675  void*
8676);
8677
8678/*
8679** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8680** METHOD: sqlite3
8681**
8682** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8683** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8684** to automatically [checkpoint]
8685** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8686** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8687** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8688** checkpoints entirely.
8689**
8690** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8691** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8692** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8693** configured by this function.
8694**
8695** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8696** from SQL.
8697**
8698** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8699** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8700**
8701** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8702** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8703** pages.  The use of this interface
8704** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8705** for a particular application.
8706*/
8707int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8708
8709/*
8710** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8711** METHOD: sqlite3
8712**
8713** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8714** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8715**
8716** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8717** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8718** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8719** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8720** information.
8721**
8722** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8723** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8724** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8725** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8726** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8727** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8728*/
8729int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8730
8731/*
8732** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8733** METHOD: sqlite3
8734**
8735** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8736** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8737** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8738** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8739**
8740** <dl>
8741** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8742**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8743**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8744**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8745**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8746**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8747**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8748**
8749** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8750**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8751**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8752**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8753**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8754**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8755**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8756**
8757** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8758**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8759**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8760**   [busy-handler callback])
8761**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8762**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8763**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8764**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8765**
8766** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8767**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8768**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8769**   to a successful return.
8770** </dl>
8771**
8772** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8773** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8774** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8775** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8776** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8777** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8778** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8779** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8780** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8781**
8782** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8783** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8784** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8785** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8786**
8787** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8788** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8789** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8790** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8791** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8792** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8793** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8794** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8795** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8796** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8797**
8798** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8799** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8800** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8801** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8802** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8803** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8804** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8805** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8806** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8807** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8808** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8809**
8810** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8811** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8812** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8813** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8814**
8815** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8816** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8817** sets the error information that is queried by
8818** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8819**
8820** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8821** from SQL.
8822*/
8823int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8824  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8825  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8826  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8827  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8828  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8829);
8830
8831/*
8832** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8833** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8834**
8835** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8836** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8837** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8838** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8839*/
8840#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8841#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8842#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8843#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8844
8845/*
8846** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8847**
8848** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8849** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8850** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8851**
8852** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8853** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8854**
8855** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8856** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8857** may be added in the future.
8858*/
8859int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8860
8861/*
8862** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8863**
8864** These macros define the various options to the
8865** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8866** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8867**
8868** <dl>
8869** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
8870** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8871** <dd>Calls of the form
8872** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8873** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8874** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8875** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8876** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8877** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8878** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8879** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8880**
8881** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8882** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8883** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8884** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8885** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8886** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8887** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8888** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8889** had been ABORT.
8890**
8891** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8892** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8893** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8894** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8895** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8896** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8897** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8898** constraint handling.
8899** </dl>
8900*/
8901#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8902
8903/*
8904** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8905**
8906** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8907** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8908** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8909** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8910** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8911** [virtual table].
8912*/
8913int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8914
8915/*
8916** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8917**
8918** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8919** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8920** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8921** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8922** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
8923** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
8924**
8925** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8926** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
8927** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8928** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8929** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8930** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8931*/
8932int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8933
8934/*
8935** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8936**
8937** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8938** method of a [virtual table].
8939**
8940** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8941** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8942** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8943** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8944** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8945** constraint.
8946*/
8947SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8948
8949/*
8950** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8951** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8952**
8953** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8954** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8955** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8956**
8957** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8958** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8959** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8960*/
8961#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8962/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8963#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8964/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8965#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8966
8967/*
8968** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8969** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8970**
8971** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8972** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8973** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8974**
8975** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8976** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8977** S is finalized.
8978**
8979** <dl>
8980** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8981** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
8982** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8983**
8984** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8985** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
8986** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8987**
8988** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8989** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
8990** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8991** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8992** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8993** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8994** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8995**
8996** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8997** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
8998** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8999** used for the X-th loop.
9000**
9001** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9002** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9003** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9004** description for the X-th loop.
9005**
9006** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9007** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9008** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9009** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9010** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9011** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9012** </dl>
9013*/
9014#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9015#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9016#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9017#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9018#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9019#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9020
9021/*
9022** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9023** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9024**
9025** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9026** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9027** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9028** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9029**
9030** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9031** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9032** compile-time option.
9033**
9034** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9035** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9036** of this interface is undefined.
9037** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9038** the "pOut" parameter.
9039** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9040** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9041** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9042** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9043** points to is unchanged.
9044**
9045** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9046** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9047** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9048** that pOut points to unchanged.
9049**
9050** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9051*/
9052int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9053  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9054  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9055  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9056  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9057);
9058
9059/*
9060** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9061** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9062**
9063** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9064**
9065** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9066** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9067*/
9068void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9069
9070/*
9071** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9072**
9073** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9074** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9075** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9076** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9077** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9078** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9079** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9080** any [attached] databases.
9081**
9082** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9083** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9084** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9085** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9086** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9087** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9088** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9089** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9090**
9091** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9092** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9093** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9094**
9095** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9096**
9097** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9098** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9099*/
9100int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9101
9102/*
9103** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9104**
9105** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9106** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9107**
9108** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
9109** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
9110** on a database table.
9111** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
9112** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
9113** the previous setting.
9114** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
9115** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
9116** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
9117** the first parameter to callbacks.
9118**
9119** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
9120** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
9121** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
9122**
9123** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
9124** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
9125** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
9126** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
9127** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
9128** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9129** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
9130** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
9131** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
9132** databases.)^
9133** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9134** table that is being modified.
9135**
9136** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
9137** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
9138** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
9139** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
9140** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
9141** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
9142** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
9143** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
9144** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
9145**
9146** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
9147** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
9148** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
9149** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
9150** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
9151** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
9152** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
9153** behavior.
9154**
9155** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
9156** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
9157**
9158** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9159** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9160** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9161** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9162** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
9163** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
9164** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9165** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9166**
9167** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9168** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9169** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9170** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9171** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9172** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9173** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9174** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9175**
9176** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9177** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9178** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9179** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9180** triggers; and so forth.
9181**
9182** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9183*/
9184#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9185void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9186  sqlite3 *db,
9187  void(*xPreUpdate)(
9188    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9189    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9190    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9191    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9192    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9193    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9194    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9195  ),
9196  void*
9197);
9198int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9199int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9200int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9201int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9202#endif
9203
9204/*
9205** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9206**
9207** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9208** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9209** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9210** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9211** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9212** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9213*/
9214int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9215
9216/*
9217** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9218** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9219**
9220** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9221** database for some specific point in history.
9222**
9223** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9224** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9225** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9226** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9227** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9228** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9229** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9230**
9231** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9232** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9233** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9234** the most recent version.
9235*/
9236typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9237  unsigned char hidden[48];
9238} sqlite3_snapshot;
9239
9240/*
9241** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9242** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9243**
9244** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9245** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9246** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9247** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9248** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9249** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9250** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9251**
9252** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9253** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9254** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9255** in this case.
9256**
9257** <ul>
9258**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9259**
9260**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9261**
9262**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9263**        connection D.
9264**
9265**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9266**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9267**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9268**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9269**        must be written to it first.
9270** </ul>
9271**
9272** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9273** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9274** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9275**
9276** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9277** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9278** to avoid a memory leak.
9279**
9280** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9281** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9282*/
9283SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9284  sqlite3 *db,
9285  const char *zSchema,
9286  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9287);
9288
9289/*
9290** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9291** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9292**
9293** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9294** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9295** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9296** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9297** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9298** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9299**
9300** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9301** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9302** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9303** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9304** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9305** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9306** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9307**
9308** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9309** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9310** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9311**
9312** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9313** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9314** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9315** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9316** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9317** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9318** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9319**
9320** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9321** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9322** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9323** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9324** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9325** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9326** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9327** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9328**
9329** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9330** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9331*/
9332SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9333  sqlite3 *db,
9334  const char *zSchema,
9335  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9336);
9337
9338/*
9339** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9340** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9341**
9342** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9343** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9344** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9345**
9346** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9347** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9348*/
9349SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9350
9351/*
9352** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9353** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9354**
9355** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9356** of two valid snapshot handles.
9357**
9358** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9359** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9360**
9361** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9362** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9363** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9364** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9365** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9366** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9367** is undefined.
9368**
9369** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9370** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9371** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9372**
9373** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9374** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9375*/
9376SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9377  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9378  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9379);
9380
9381/*
9382** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9383** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9384**
9385** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9386** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9387** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9388** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9389** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9390** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9391** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9392**
9393** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9394** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9395** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9396** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9397** database.
9398**
9399** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9400**
9401** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9402** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9403*/
9404SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9405
9406/*
9407** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9408**
9409** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9410** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9411** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9412** is written into *P.
9413**
9414** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9415** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9416** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9417** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9418**
9419** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9420** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9421** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9422** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9423** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9424** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9425** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9426** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9427** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9428** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9429** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9430** values of D and S.
9431** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9432** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9433** of the database exists.
9434**
9435** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9436** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9437** allocation error occurs.
9438**
9439** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9440** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9441*/
9442unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9443  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9444  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9445  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9446  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9447);
9448
9449/*
9450** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9451**
9452** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9453** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9454**
9455** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9456** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9457** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9458** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9459** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9460** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9461** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9462*/
9463#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9464
9465/*
9466** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9467**
9468** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9469** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9470** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9471** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9472** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9473** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9474** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9475** size does not exceed M bytes.
9476**
9477** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9478** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9479** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9480** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9481** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9482**
9483** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9484** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9485** operation.
9486**
9487** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9488** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9489** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9490**
9491** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9492** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9493*/
9494int sqlite3_deserialize(
9495  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9496  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9497  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9498  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9499  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9500  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9501);
9502
9503/*
9504** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9505**
9506** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9507** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9508**
9509** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9510** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9511** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9512** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9513** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9514**
9515** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9516** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9517** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9518** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9519** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9520**
9521** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9522** should be treated as read-only.
9523*/
9524#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9525#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9526#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9527
9528/*
9529** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9530** builds on processors without floating point support.
9531*/
9532#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9533# undef double
9534#endif
9535
9536#ifdef __cplusplus
9537}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9538#endif
9539#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9540