xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision e8f2c9dc)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return SQLITE_OK if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns SQLITE_OK but the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
385** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
386**
387** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
388** here in order to indicate success or failure.
389**
390** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
391**
392** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
393** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
394*/
395#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
396/* beginning-of-error-codes */
397#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
398#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
399#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
400#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
401#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
402#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
403#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
404#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
405#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
406#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
407#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
408#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
409#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
410#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
411#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
412#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
413#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
414#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
415#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
416#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
417#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
418#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
419#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
420#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
421#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
422#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
423#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
424#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
425#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
426#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
427/* end-of-error-codes */
428
429/*
430** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
431** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
432** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
433**
434** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
435** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
436** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
437** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
438** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
439** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
440** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
441** on a per database connection basis using the
442** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
443**
444** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
445** One may expect the number of extended result codes will increase
446** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
447** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
448**
449** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
450** be exactly zero.
451*/
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
474#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
478#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
479#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
480#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
481#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
482#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
483#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
484#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
485#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
486#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
487#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
488#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
489#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
490#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
491#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
492#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
493#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
494#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
495#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
496#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
497#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
498#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
499#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
500#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
501#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
502#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
503#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
504
505/*
506** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
507**
508** These bit values are intended for use in the
509** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
510** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
511*/
512#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
513#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
514#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
515#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
516#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
517#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
518#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
519#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
521#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
522#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
523#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
524#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
525#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
526#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
527#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
528#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
529#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
530#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
531#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
532
533/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
534
535/*
536** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
537**
538** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
539** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
540** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
541** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
542** refers to.
543**
544** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
545** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
546** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
547** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
548** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
549** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
550** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
551** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
552** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
553** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
554** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
555** file that were written at the application level might have changed
556** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
557** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
558** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
559** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
560** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
561** elevated privileges.
562*/
563#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
564#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
565#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
566#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
567#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
568#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
569#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
570#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
571#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
572#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
573#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
574#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
575#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
576#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
577
578/*
579** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
580**
581** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
582** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
583** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
584*/
585#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
586#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
587#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
588#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
589#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
590
591/*
592** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
593**
594** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
595** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
596** these integer values as the second argument.
597**
598** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
599** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
600** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
601** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
602** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
603** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
604**
605** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
606** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
607** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
608** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
609** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
610** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
611** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
612** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
613** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
614** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
615** cares about the difference.)
616*/
617#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
618#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
619#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
620
621/*
622** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
623**
624** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
625** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
626** implementations will
627** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
628** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
629** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
630** I/O operations on the open file.
631*/
632typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
633struct sqlite3_file {
634  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
635};
636
637/*
638** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
639**
640** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
641** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
642** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
643** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
644** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
645**
646** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
647** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
648** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
649** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
650** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
651** to NULL.
652**
653** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
654** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
655** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
656** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
657** and not its inode needs to be synced.
658**
659** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
660** <ul>
661** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
662** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
663** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
664** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
665** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
666** </ul>
667** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
668** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
669** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
670** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
671** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
672**
673** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
674** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
675** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
676** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
677** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
678** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
679** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
680** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
681** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
682** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
683** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
684** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
685** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
686** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
687** recognize.
688**
689** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
690** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
691** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
692** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
693** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
694** underlying device:
695**
696** <ul>
697** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
698** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
699** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
700** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
701** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
702** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
703** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
704** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
705** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
706** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
707** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
708** </ul>
709**
710** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
711** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
712** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
713** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
714** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
715** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
716** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
717** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
718** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
719** to xWrite().
720**
721** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
722** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
723** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
724** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
725** database corruption.
726*/
727typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
728struct sqlite3_io_methods {
729  int iVersion;
730  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
731  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
732  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
733  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
734  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
735  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
736  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
737  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
738  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
739  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
740  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
741  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
742  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
743  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
744  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
745  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
746  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
747  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
748  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
749  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
750  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
751  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
752};
753
754/*
755** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
756**
757** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
758** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
759** interface.
760**
761** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
762** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
763** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
764** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
765** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
766** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
767** is defined.
768** <ul>
769** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
770** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
771** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
772** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
773** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
774** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
775** file run faster.
776**
777** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
778** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
779** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
780** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
781** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
782** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
783** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
784** improve performance on some systems.
785**
786** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
787** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
788** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
789** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
790** additional information.
791**
792** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
793** No longer in use.
794**
795** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
796** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
797** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
798** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
799** because the user has configured SQLite with
800** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
801** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
802** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
803** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
804** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
805** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
806** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
807** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
808**
809** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
810** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
811** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
812** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
813** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
814** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
815** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
816**
817** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
818** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
819** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
820** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
821** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
822** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
823** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
824** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
825** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
826** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
827** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
828** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
829** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
830** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
831** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
832** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
833**
834** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
835** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
836** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
837** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
838** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
839** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
840** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
841** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
842** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
843** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
844** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
845** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
846** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
847** WAL persistence setting.
848**
849** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
850** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
851** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
852** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
853** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
854** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
855** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
856** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
857** zero-damage mode setting.
858**
859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
860** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
861** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
862** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
863** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
864**
865** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
866** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
867** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
868** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
869** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
870** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
871** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
872** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
873** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
874** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
875** is intended for diagnostic use only.
876**
877** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
878** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
879** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
880** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
881** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
882** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
883** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
884** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
885** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
886** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
887** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
888** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
889** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
890** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
891** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
892** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
893** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
894** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
895** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
896** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
897** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
898** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
899**
900** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
901** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
902** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
903** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
904** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
905** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
906** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
907** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
908** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
909** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
910** current operation.
911**
912** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
913** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
914** to have SQLite generate a
915** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
916** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
917** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
918** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
919** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
920**
921** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
922** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
923** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
924** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
925** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
926** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
927** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
928** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
929** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
930**
931** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
932** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
933** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
934** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
935** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
936** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
937** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
938**
939** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
940** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
941** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
942** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
943** was first opened.
944**
945** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
946** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
947** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
948** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
949** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
950**
951** </ul>
952*/
953#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
954#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
955#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
956#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
957#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
958#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
959#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
960#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
961#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
962#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
963#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
964#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
965#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
966#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
967#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
968#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
969#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
970#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
971#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
972#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
973#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
974#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
975
976/*
977** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
978**
979** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
980** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
981** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
982** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
983**
984** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
985*/
986typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
987
988/*
989** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
990**
991** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
992** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
993** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
994** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
995**
996** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
997** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
998** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
999** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1000** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1001** modified.
1002**
1003** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1004** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1005** a pathname in this VFS.
1006**
1007** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1008** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1009** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1010** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1011** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1012** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1013**
1014** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1015** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1016** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1017** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1018** object once the object has been registered.
1019**
1020** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1021** be unique across all VFS modules.
1022**
1023** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1024** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1025** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1026** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1027** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1028** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1029** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1030** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1031** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1032** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1033** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1034** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1035** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1036** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1037** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1038** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1039**
1040** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1041** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1042** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1043** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1044** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1045** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1046**
1047** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1048** call, depending on the object being opened:
1049**
1050** <ul>
1051** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1052** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1053** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1054** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1055** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1056** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1057** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1058** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1059** </ul>)^
1060**
1061** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1062** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1063** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1064** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1065** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1066** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1067** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1068** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1069**
1070** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1071**
1072** <ul>
1073** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1074** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1075** </ul>
1076**
1077** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1078** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1079** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1080** databases, and subjournals.
1081**
1082** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1083** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1084** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1085** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1086** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1087** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1088** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1089** for exclusive access.
1090**
1091** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1092** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1093** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1094** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1095** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1096** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1097** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1098** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1099** or failure of the xOpen call.
1100**
1101** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1102** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1103** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1104** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1105** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1106** directory.
1107**
1108** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1109** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1110** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1111** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1112** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1113** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1114**
1115** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1116** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1117** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1118** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1119** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1120** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1121** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1122** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1123** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1124** a floating point value.
1125** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1126** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1127** a 24-hour day).
1128** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1129** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1130** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1131** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1132**
1133** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1134** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1135** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1136** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1137** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1138** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1139** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1140** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1141** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1142** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1143** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1144*/
1145typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1146typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1147struct sqlite3_vfs {
1148  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1149  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1150  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1151  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1152  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1153  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1154  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1155               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1156  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1157  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1158  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1159  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1160  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1161  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1162  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1163  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1164  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1165  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1166  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1167  /*
1168  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1169  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1170  */
1171  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1172  /*
1173  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1174  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1175  */
1176  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1177  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1178  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1179  /*
1180  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1181  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1182  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1183  */
1184};
1185
1186/*
1187** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1188**
1189** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1190** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1191** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1192** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1193** simply checks whether the file exists.
1194** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1195** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1196** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1197** the directory).
1198** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1199** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1200** release of SQLite.
1201** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1202** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1203** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1204** SQLite.
1205*/
1206#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1207#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1208#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1209
1210/*
1211** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1212**
1213** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1214** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1215** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1216** xShmLock method:
1217**
1218** <ul>
1219** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1220** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1221** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1222** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1223** </ul>
1224**
1225** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1226** was given no the corresponding lock.
1227**
1228** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1229** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1230** and EXCLUSIVE.
1231*/
1232#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1233#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1234#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1235#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1236
1237/*
1238** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1239**
1240** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1241** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1242** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1243** lock outside of this range
1244*/
1245#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1246
1247
1248/*
1249** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1250**
1251** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1252** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1253** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1254** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1255** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1256** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1257**
1258** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1259** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1260** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1261** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1262** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1263** are harmless no-ops.)^
1264**
1265** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1266** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1267** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1268** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1269**
1270** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1271** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1272** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1273** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1274** sqlite3_shutdown().
1275**
1276** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1277** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1278** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1279**
1280** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1281** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1282** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1283** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1284**
1285** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1286** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1287** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1288** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1289** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1290** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1291** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1292** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1293** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1294** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1295** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1296** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1297** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1298** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1299**
1300** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1301** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1302** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1303** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1304** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1305** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1306** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1307**
1308** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1309** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1310** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1311** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1312** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1313** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1314** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1315** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1316** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1317** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1318** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1319** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1320** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1321** failure.
1322*/
1323int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1324int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1325int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1326int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1327
1328/*
1329** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1330**
1331** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1332** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1333** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1334** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1335** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1336**
1337** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1338** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1339** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1340** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1341** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1342** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1343** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1344** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1345** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1346**
1347** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1348** [configuration option] that determines
1349** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1350** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1351** in the first argument.
1352**
1353** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1354** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1355** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1356*/
1357int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1358
1359/*
1360** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1361**
1362** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1363** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1364** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1365** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1366**
1367** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1368** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1369** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1370** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1371**
1372** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1373** the call is considered successful.
1374*/
1375int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1376
1377/*
1378** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1379**
1380** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1381** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1382**
1383** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1384** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1385** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1386** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1387** By creating an instance of this object
1388** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1389** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1390** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1391** dynamic memory needs.
1392**
1393** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1394** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1395** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1396** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1397** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1398** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1399** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1400** conditions.
1401**
1402** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1403** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1404** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1405** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1406**
1407** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1408** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1409** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1410**
1411** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1412** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1413** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1414** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1415** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1416** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1417** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1418**
1419** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1420** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1421** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1422** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1423** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1424** xInit and xShutdown.
1425**
1426** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1427** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1428** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1429** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1430** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1431** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1432** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1433** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1434** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1435** serialization.
1436**
1437** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1438** call to xShutdown().
1439*/
1440typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1441struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1442  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1443  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1444  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1445  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1446  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1447  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1448  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1449  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1450};
1451
1452/*
1453** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1454** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1455**
1456** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1457** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1458**
1459** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1460** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1461** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1462** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1463** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1464** is invoked.
1465**
1466** <dl>
1467** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1468** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1469** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1470** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1471** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1472** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1473** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1474** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1475** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1476** configuration option.</dd>
1477**
1478** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1479** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1480** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1481** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1482** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1483** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1484** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1485** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1486** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1487** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1488** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1489** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1490** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1491**
1492** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1493** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1494** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1495** all mutexes including the recursive
1496** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1497** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1498** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1499** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1500** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1501** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1502** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1503** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1504** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1505** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1506** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1507**
1508** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1509** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1510** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1511** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1512** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1513** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1514** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1515**
1516** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1517** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1518** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1519** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1520** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1521** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1522** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1523**
1524** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1525** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1526** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1527** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1528** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1529**   <ul>
1530**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1531**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1532**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1533**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1534**   </ul>)^
1535** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1536** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1537** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1538** </dd>
1539**
1540** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1541** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1542** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1543** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1544** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1545** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1546** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1547** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1548** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1549** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1550** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1551** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1552** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1553** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1554** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1555**
1556** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1557** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1558** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1559** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1560** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1561** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1562** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1563** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1564** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1565** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1566** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1567** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1568** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1569** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1570** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1571** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1572** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1573** The pointer in the first argument must
1574** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1575** will be undefined.</dd>
1576**
1577** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1578** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1579** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1580** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1581** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1582** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1583** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1584** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1585** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1586** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1587** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1588** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1589** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1590** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1591** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1592** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1593**
1594** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1595** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1596** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1597** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1598** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1599** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1600** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1601** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1602** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1603** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1604** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1605**
1606** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1607** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1608** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1609** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1610** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1611** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1612** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1613** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1614** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1615** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1616** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1617** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1618**
1619** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1620** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1621** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1622** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1623** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1624** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1625** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1626** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1627** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1628**
1629** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1630** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1631** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1632** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1633** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1634**
1635** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1636** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1637** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1638** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1639**
1640** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1641** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1642** global [error log].
1643** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1644** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1645** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1646** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1647** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1648** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1649** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1650** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1651** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1652** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1653** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1654** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1655** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1656** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1657** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1658** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1659**
1660** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1661** <dd>^(This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1662** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1663** is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1664** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1665** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1666** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1667** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1668** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1669** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1670** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1671** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1672**
1673** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1674** <dd>^This option takes a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1675** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1676** full table scans in the query optimizer.  ^The default setting is determined
1677** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1678** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1679** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1680** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1681** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1682** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1683** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1684**
1685** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1686** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1687** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1688** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1689** </dd>
1690**
1691** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1692** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1693** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1694** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1695** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1696** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1697** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1698** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1699** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1700** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1701** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1702** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1703** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1704** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1705** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1706** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1707**
1708** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1709** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1710** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1711** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1712** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1713** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1714** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1715** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1716** cannot be changed at run-time.  Nor may the maximum allowed mmap size
1717** exceed the compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1718** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1719** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1720** changed to its compile-time default.
1721**
1722** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1723** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1724** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
1725** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
1726** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1727** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1728** </dl>
1729*/
1730#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1731#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1732#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1733#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1734#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1735#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1736#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1737#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1738#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1739#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1740#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1741/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1742#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1743#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1744#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1745#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1746#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1747#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1748#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1749#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1750#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1751#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1752#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1753
1754/*
1755** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1756**
1757** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1758** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1759**
1760** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1761** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1762** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1763** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1764** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1765** is invoked.
1766**
1767** <dl>
1768** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1769** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1770** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1771** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1772** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1773** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1774** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1775** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1776** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1777** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1778** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1779** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1780** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1781** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1782** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1783** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1784** when the "current value" returned by
1785** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1786** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1787** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1788** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1789**
1790** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1791** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1792** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1793** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1794** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1795** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1796** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1797** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1798** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1799**
1800** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1801** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1802** There should be two additional arguments.
1803** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1804** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1805** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1806** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1807** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1808** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1809**
1810** </dl>
1811*/
1812#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1813#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1814#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1815
1816
1817/*
1818** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1819**
1820** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1821** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1822** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1823*/
1824int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1825
1826/*
1827** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1828**
1829** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1830** has a unique 64-bit signed
1831** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1832** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1833** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1834** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1835** is another alias for the rowid.
1836**
1837** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1838** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1839** on database connection D.
1840** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1841** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1842** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1843** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1844**
1845** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1846** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1847** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1848** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1849** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1850** table method began.)^
1851**
1852** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1853** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1854** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1855** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1856** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1857** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1858** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1859** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1860** the return value of this interface.)^
1861**
1862** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1863** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1864**
1865** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1866** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1867**
1868** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1869** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1870** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1871** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1872** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1873** last insert [rowid].
1874*/
1875sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1876
1877/*
1878** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1879**
1880** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1881** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1882** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1883** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1884** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1885** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1886** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1887** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1888**
1889** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1890** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1891**
1892** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1893** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1894** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1895** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1896** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1897**
1898** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1899** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1900** Most SQL statements are
1901** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1902** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1903** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1904** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1905**
1906** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1907** not create a new trigger context.
1908**
1909** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1910** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1911** trigger context.
1912**
1913** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1914** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1915** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1916** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1917** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1918** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1919** However, the number returned does not include changes
1920** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1921**
1922** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1923** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1924**
1925** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1926** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1927** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1928*/
1929int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1930
1931/*
1932** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1933**
1934** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1935** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1936** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1937** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1938** [foreign key actions]. However,
1939** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1940** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1941** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1942** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1943** are counted.)^
1944** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1945** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1946** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1947**
1948** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1949** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1950**
1951** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1952** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1953** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1954*/
1955int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1956
1957/*
1958** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1959**
1960** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1961** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1962** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1963** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1964** immediately.
1965**
1966** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1967** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1968** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1969** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1970**
1971** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1972** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1973** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1974**
1975** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1976** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1977** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1978** will be rolled back automatically.
1979**
1980** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1981** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1982** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1983** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1984** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1985** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1986** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1987** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1988** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1989** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1990**
1991** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1992** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1993*/
1994void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1995
1996/*
1997** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1998**
1999** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2000** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2001** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2002** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2003** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2004** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2005** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2006** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2007** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2008** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2009** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2010**
2011** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2012** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2013**
2014** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2015** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2016**
2017** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2018** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2019** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2020** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2021** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2022**
2023** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2024** UTF-8 string.
2025**
2026** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2027** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2028*/
2029int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2030int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2031
2032/*
2033** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2034**
2035** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2036** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2037** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2038** [database connection] D when another thread
2039** or process has the table locked.
2040** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2041** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2042**
2043** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
2044** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2045** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2046**
2047** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2048** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2049** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2050** been invoked for the same locking event.  ^If the
2051** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2052** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned
2053** to the application.
2054** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2055** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2056**
2057** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2058** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2059** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2060** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] to the application instead of invoking the
2061** busy handler.
2062** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2063** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2064** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2065** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2066** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2067** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2068** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2069** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2070** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2071** the second process to proceed.
2072**
2073** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2074**
2075** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
2076** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
2077** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
2078** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
2079** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
2080** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
2081** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
2082** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
2083** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
2084** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
2085** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
2086** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
2087** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
2088** this is important.
2089**
2090** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2091** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2092** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2093** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2094** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2095**
2096** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2097** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2098** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2099** result in undefined behavior.
2100**
2101** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2102** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2103*/
2104int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2105
2106/*
2107** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2108**
2109** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2110** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2111** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2112** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2113** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2114** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
2115**
2116** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2117** turns off all busy handlers.
2118**
2119** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2120** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
2121** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2122** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2123**
2124** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2125*/
2126int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2127
2128/*
2129** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2130**
2131** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2132** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2133**
2134** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2135** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2136** complete query results from one or more queries.
2137**
2138** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2139** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2140** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2141** and M be the number of columns.
2142**
2143** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2144** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2145** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2146** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2147** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2148** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2149**
2150** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2151** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2152** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2153**
2154** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2155** is as follows:
2156**
2157** <blockquote><pre>
2158**        Name        | Age
2159**        -----------------------
2160**        Alice       | 43
2161**        Bob         | 28
2162**        Cindy       | 21
2163** </pre></blockquote>
2164**
2165** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2166** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2167** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2168**
2169** <blockquote><pre>
2170**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2171**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2172**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2173**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2174**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2175**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2176**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2177**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2178** </pre></blockquote>)^
2179**
2180** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2181** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2182** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2183** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2184**
2185** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2186** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2187** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2188** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2189** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2190** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2191**
2192** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2193** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2194** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2195** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2196** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2197** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2198** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2199*/
2200int sqlite3_get_table(
2201  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2202  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2203  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2204  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2205  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2206  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2207);
2208void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2209
2210/*
2211** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2212**
2213** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2214** from the standard C library.
2215**
2216** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2217** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2218** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2219** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2220** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2221** memory to hold the resulting string.
2222**
2223** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2224** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2225** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2226** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2227** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2228** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2229** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2230** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2231** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2232** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2233** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2234** now without breaking compatibility.
2235**
2236** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2237** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2238** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2239** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2240** written will be n-1 characters.
2241**
2242** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2243**
2244** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2245** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2246** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2247** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2248**
2249** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2250** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2251** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2252** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2253** the string.
2254**
2255** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2256**
2257** <blockquote><pre>
2258**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2259** </pre></blockquote>
2260**
2261** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2262**
2263** <blockquote><pre>
2264**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2265**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2266**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2267** </pre></blockquote>
2268**
2269** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2270** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2271**
2272** <blockquote><pre>
2273**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2274** </pre></blockquote>
2275**
2276** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2277** would have looked like this:
2278**
2279** <blockquote><pre>
2280**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2281** </pre></blockquote>
2282**
2283** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2284** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2285**
2286** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2287** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2288** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2289** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2290**
2291** <blockquote><pre>
2292**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2293**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2294**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2295** </pre></blockquote>
2296**
2297** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2298** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2299**
2300** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2301** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2302** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2303*/
2304char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2305char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2306char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2307char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2308
2309/*
2310** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2311**
2312** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2313** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2314** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2315** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2316**
2317** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2318** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2319** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2320** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2321** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2322** a NULL pointer.
2323**
2324** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2325** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2326** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2327** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2328** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2329** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2330** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2331** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2332** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2333** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2334**
2335** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2336** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2337** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2338** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2339** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2340** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2341** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2342** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2343** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2344** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2345** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2346** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2347** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2348** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2349** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2350** is not freed.
2351**
2352** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2353** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2354** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2355** option is used.
2356**
2357** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2358** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2359** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2360** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2361**
2362** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2363** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2364** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2365** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2366** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2367** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2368** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2369**
2370** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2371** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2372** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2373** not yet been released.
2374**
2375** The application must not read or write any part of
2376** a block of memory after it has been released using
2377** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2378*/
2379void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2380void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2381void sqlite3_free(void*);
2382
2383/*
2384** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2385**
2386** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2387** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2388** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2389**
2390** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2391** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2392** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2393** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2394** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2395** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2396** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2397** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2398** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2399**
2400** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2401** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2402** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2403** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2404** prior to the reset.
2405*/
2406sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2407sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2408
2409/*
2410** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2411**
2412** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2413** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2414** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2415** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2416** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2417**
2418** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2419** ^If N is less than one, then P can be a NULL pointer.
2420**
2421** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2422** call had N less than one, then the PRNG is seeded using randomness
2423** obtained from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2424** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more then
2425** the pseudo-randomness is generated
2426** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2427** method.
2428*/
2429void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2430
2431/*
2432** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2433**
2434** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2435** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2436** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2437** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2438** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2439** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2440** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2441** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2442** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2443** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2444** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2445** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2446** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2447** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2448** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2449**
2450** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2451** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2452** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2453** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2454** access is denied.
2455**
2456** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2457** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2458** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2459** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2460** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2461** details about the action to be authorized.
2462**
2463** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2464** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2465** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2466** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2467** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2468** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2469** columns of a table.
2470** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2471** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2472** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2473**
2474** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2475** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2476** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2477** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2478** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2479** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2480** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2481** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2482** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2483** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2484**
2485** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2486** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2487** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2488** in addition to using an authorizer.
2489**
2490** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2491** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2492** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2493** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2494**
2495** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2496** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2497** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2498** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2499**
2500** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2501** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2502** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2503** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2504**
2505** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2506** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2507** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2508** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2509** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2510*/
2511int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2512  sqlite3*,
2513  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2514  void *pUserData
2515);
2516
2517/*
2518** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2519**
2520** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2521** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2522** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2523** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2524** information.
2525**
2526** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2527** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2528*/
2529#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2530#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2531
2532/*
2533** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2534**
2535** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2536** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2537** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2538** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2539** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2540**
2541** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2542** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2543** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2544** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2545** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2546** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2547** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2548** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2549** top-level SQL code.
2550*/
2551/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2552#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2553#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2554#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2555#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2556#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2557#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2558#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2559#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2560#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2561#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2562#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2563#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2564#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2565#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2566#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2567#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2568#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2569#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2570#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2571#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2572#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2573#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2574#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2575#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2576#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2577#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2578#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2579#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2580#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2581#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2582#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2583#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2584#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2585#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2586
2587/*
2588** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2589**
2590** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2591** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2592**
2593** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2594** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2595** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2596** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2597** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2598** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2599** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2600**
2601** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2602** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2603**
2604** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2605** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2606** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2607** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2608** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2609** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2610** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2611** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2612** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2613** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2614*/
2615void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2616SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2617   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2618
2619/*
2620** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2621**
2622** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2623** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2624** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2625** database connection D.  An example use for this
2626** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2627**
2628** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2629** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2630** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2631** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2632** handler is disabled.
2633**
2634** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2635** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2636** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2637** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2638** than 1.
2639**
2640** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2641** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2642** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2643**
2644** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2645** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2646** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2647** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2648**
2649*/
2650void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2651
2652/*
2653** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2654**
2655** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2656** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2657** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2658** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2659** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2660** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2661** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2662** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2663** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2664** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2665** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2666** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2667**
2668** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2669** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2670** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2671**
2672** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2673** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2674** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2675**
2676** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2677** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2678** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2679** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2680** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2681** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2682** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2683**
2684** <dl>
2685** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2686** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2687** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2688**
2689** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2690** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2691** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2692** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2693**
2694** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2695** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2696** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2697** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2698** </dl>
2699**
2700** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2701** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2702** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2703** then the behavior is undefined.
2704**
2705** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2706** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2707** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2708** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2709** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2710** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2711** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2712** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2713** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2714** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2715** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2716**
2717** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2718** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2719** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2720** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2721**
2722** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2723** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2724** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2725** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2726** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2727** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2728** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2729**
2730** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2731** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2732** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2733**
2734** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2735**
2736** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2737** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2738** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2739** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2740** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2741** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2742** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2743** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2744** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2745** information.
2746**
2747** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2748** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2749** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2750** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2751** present, is ignored.
2752**
2753** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2754** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2755** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2756** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2757** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2758** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2759** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2760**
2761** [[core URI query parameters]]
2762** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2763** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2764** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2765**
2766** <ul>
2767**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2768**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2769**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2770**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2771**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2772**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2773**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2774**
2775**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2776**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2777**     an error)^.
2778**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2779**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2780**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2781**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2782**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2783**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2784**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2785**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2786**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2787**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2788**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2789**
2790**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2791**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2792**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2793**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2794**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2795**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2796**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2797**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2798**
2799**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter may be "true" (or "on" or "yes" or
2800**     "1") or "false" (or "off" or "no" or "0") to indicate that the
2801**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2802**     storage media on which the database file resides.  ^The psow query
2803**     parameter only works for the built-in unix and Windows VFSes.
2804**
2805**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2806**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2807**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2808**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2809**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2810**     processes uses nolock=1.
2811**
2812**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2813**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2814**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2815**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2816**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2817**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2818**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2819**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2820**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2821**
2822** </ul>
2823**
2824** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2825** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2826** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2827** additional information.
2828**
2829** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2830**
2831** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2832** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2833** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2834**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2835** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2836**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2837**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2838**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2839** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2840**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2841** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2842**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2843**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2844**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2845**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2846**          in URI filenames.
2847** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2848**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2849**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2850**          default, use a private cache.
2851** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2852**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2853**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2854** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2855**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2856** </table>
2857**
2858** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2859** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2860** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2861** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2862** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2863** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2864** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2865** the results are undefined.
2866**
2867** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2868** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2869** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2870** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2871** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2872**
2873** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2874** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2875** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2876**
2877** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2878*/
2879int sqlite3_open(
2880  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2881  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2882);
2883int sqlite3_open16(
2884  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2885  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2886);
2887int sqlite3_open_v2(
2888  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2889  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2890  int flags,              /* Flags */
2891  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2892);
2893
2894/*
2895** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2896**
2897** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2898** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2899** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2900**
2901** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2902** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2903** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2904** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2905** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2906** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2907** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2908** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2909** a pointer to an empty string.
2910**
2911** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2912** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2913** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2914** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2915** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2916** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2917** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2918** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2919** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2920** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2921**
2922** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2923** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2924** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2925** zero is returned.
2926**
2927** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2928** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2929** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2930** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2931** undesirable.
2932*/
2933const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2934int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2935sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2936
2937
2938/*
2939** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2940**
2941** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2942** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2943** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2944** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2945** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2946** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2947** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2948** disabled.
2949**
2950** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2951** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2952** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2953** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2954** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2955** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2956**
2957** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2958** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2959** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2960** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2961**
2962** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2963** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2964** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2965** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2966** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2967** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2968** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2969** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2970** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2971**
2972** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2973** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2974** error code and message may or may not be set.
2975*/
2976int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2977int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2978const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2979const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2980const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2981
2982/*
2983** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2984** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2985**
2986** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2987** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2988** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2989**
2990** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2991**
2992** <ol>
2993** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2994**      function.
2995** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2996**      interfaces.
2997** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2998** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2999**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3000** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3001** </ol>
3002**
3003** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
3004** information.
3005*/
3006typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3007
3008/*
3009** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3010**
3011** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3012** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3013** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3014** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3015** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3016** new limit for that construct.)^
3017**
3018** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3019** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3020** [limits | hard upper bound]
3021** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3022** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3023** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3024** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3025** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3026**
3027** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3028** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3029** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3030** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3031**
3032** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3033** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3034** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3035** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3036** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3037** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3038** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3039** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3040** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3041** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3042** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3043** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3044**
3045** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3046*/
3047int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3048
3049/*
3050** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3051** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3052**
3053** These constants define various performance limits
3054** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3055** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3056** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3057**
3058** <dl>
3059** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3060** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3061**
3062** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3063** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3064**
3065** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3066** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3067** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3068** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3069**
3070** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3071** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3072**
3073** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3074** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3075**
3076** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3077** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3078** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3079** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3080** SQLite.</dd>)^
3081**
3082** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3083** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3084**
3085** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3086** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3087**
3088** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3089** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3090** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3091** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3092**
3093** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3094** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3095** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3096**
3097** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3098** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3099** </dl>
3100*/
3101#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3102#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3103#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3104#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3105#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3106#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3107#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3108#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3109#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3110#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3111#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3112
3113/*
3114** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3115** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3116**
3117** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3118** program using one of these routines.
3119**
3120** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3121** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3122** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3123**
3124** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3125** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3126** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3127** use UTF-16.
3128**
3129** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
3130** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
3131** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
3132** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
3133** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
3134** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
3135** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
3136** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3137** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
3138** make a copy of the input string.
3139**
3140** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3141** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3142** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3143** what remains uncompiled.
3144**
3145** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3146** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3147** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3148** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3149** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3150** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3151** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3152**
3153** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3154** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3155**
3156** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3157** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3158** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3159** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3160** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3161** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3162** behave differently in three ways:
3163**
3164** <ol>
3165** <li>
3166** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3167** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3168** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3169** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3170** </li>
3171**
3172** <li>
3173** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3174** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3175** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3176** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3177** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3178** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3179** </li>
3180**
3181** <li>
3182** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3183** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3184** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3185** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3186** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3187** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3188** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3189** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3190** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3191** </li>
3192** </ol>
3193*/
3194int sqlite3_prepare(
3195  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3196  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3197  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3198  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3199  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3200);
3201int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3202  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3203  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3204  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3205  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3206  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3207);
3208int sqlite3_prepare16(
3209  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3210  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3211  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3212  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3213  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3214);
3215int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3216  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3217  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3218  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3219  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3220  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3221);
3222
3223/*
3224** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3225**
3226** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3227** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3228** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3229*/
3230const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3231
3232/*
3233** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3234**
3235** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3236** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3237** the content of the database file.
3238**
3239** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3240** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3241** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3242** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3243** change the database file through side-effects:
3244**
3245** <blockquote><pre>
3246**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3247** </pre></blockquote>
3248**
3249** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3250** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3251**
3252** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3253** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3254** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3255** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3256** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3257** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3258** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3259** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3260*/
3261int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3262
3263/*
3264** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3265**
3266** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3267** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3268** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3269** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3270** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3271** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3272** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3273**
3274** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3275** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3276** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3277** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3278** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3279*/
3280int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3281
3282/*
3283** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3284** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3285**
3286** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3287** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3288** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3289** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3290**
3291** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3292** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3293** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3294** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3295** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3296**
3297** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3298** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3299** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3300** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3301** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3302** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3303** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3304** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3305** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3306** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3307** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3308** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3309**
3310** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3311** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3312** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3313** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3314** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3315** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3316** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3317** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3318*/
3319typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3320
3321/*
3322** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3323**
3324** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3325** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3326** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3327** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3328** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3329** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3330** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3331** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3332*/
3333typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3334
3335/*
3336** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3337** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3338** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3339**
3340** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3341** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3342** templates:
3343**
3344** <ul>
3345** <li>  ?
3346** <li>  ?NNN
3347** <li>  :VVV
3348** <li>  @VVV
3349** <li>  $VVV
3350** </ul>
3351**
3352** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3353** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3354** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3355** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3356**
3357** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3358** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3359** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3360**
3361** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3362** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3363** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3364** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3365** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3366** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3367** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3368** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3369** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3370**
3371** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3372** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3373** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3374** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3375**
3376** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3377** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3378** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3379** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3380** is negative, then the length of the string is
3381** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3382** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3383** the behavior is undefined.
3384** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3385** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3386** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3387** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3388** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3389** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3390** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3391**
3392** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3393** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3394** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3395** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3396** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3397** ^If the fifth argument is
3398** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3399** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3400** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3401** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3402** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3403**
3404** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3405** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3406** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3407** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3408** content is later written using
3409** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3410** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3411**
3412** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3413** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3414** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3415** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3416** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3417** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3418**
3419** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3420** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3421**
3422** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3423** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3424** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3425** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3426**
3427** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3428** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3429*/
3430int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3431int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3432int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3433int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3434int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3435int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3436int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3437int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3438int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3439
3440/*
3441** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3442**
3443** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3444** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3445** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3446** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3447** to the parameters at a later time.
3448**
3449** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3450** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3451** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3452** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3453**
3454** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3455** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3456** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3457*/
3458int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3459
3460/*
3461** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3462**
3463** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3464** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3465** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3466** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3467** respectively.
3468** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3469** is included as part of the name.)^
3470** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3471** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3472**
3473** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3474**
3475** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3476** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3477** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3478** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3479** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3480**
3481** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3482** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3483** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3484*/
3485const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3486
3487/*
3488** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3489**
3490** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3491** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3492** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3493** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3494** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3495** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3496**
3497** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3498** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3499** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3500*/
3501int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3502
3503/*
3504** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3505**
3506** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3507** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3508** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3509*/
3510int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3511
3512/*
3513** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3514**
3515** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3516** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3517** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3518**
3519** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3520*/
3521int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3522
3523/*
3524** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3525**
3526** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3527** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3528** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3529** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3530** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3531** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3532** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3533**
3534** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3535** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3536** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3537** or until the next call to
3538** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3539**
3540** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3541** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3542** NULL pointer is returned.
3543**
3544** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3545** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3546** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3547** one release of SQLite to the next.
3548*/
3549const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3550const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3551
3552/*
3553** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3554**
3555** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3556** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3557** [SELECT] statement.
3558** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3559** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3560** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3561** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3562** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3563** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3564** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3565** or until the same information is requested
3566** again in a different encoding.
3567**
3568** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3569** database, table, and column.
3570**
3571** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3572** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3573** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3574** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3575**
3576** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3577** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3578** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3579** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3580** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3581**
3582** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3583** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3584**
3585** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3586** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3587**
3588** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3589** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3590** undefined.
3591**
3592** If two or more threads call one or more
3593** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3594** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3595** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3596*/
3597const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3598const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3599const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3600const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3601const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3602const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3603
3604/*
3605** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3606**
3607** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3608** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3609** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3610** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3611** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3612** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3613** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3614**
3615** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3616**
3617** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3618**
3619** and the following statement to be compiled:
3620**
3621** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3622**
3623** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3624** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3625**
3626** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3627** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3628** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3629** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3630** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3631** used to hold those values.
3632*/
3633const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3634const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3635
3636/*
3637** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3638**
3639** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3640** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3641** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3642** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3643**
3644** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3645** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3646** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3647** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3648** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3649** interface will continue to be supported.
3650**
3651** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3652** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3653** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3654** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3655**
3656** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3657** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3658** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3659** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3660** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3661** continuing.
3662**
3663** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3664** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3665** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3666** machine back to its initial state.
3667**
3668** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3669** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3670** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3671** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3672**
3673** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3674** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3675** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3676** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3677** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3678** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3679** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3680** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3681**
3682** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3683** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3684** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3685** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3686** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3687** more threads at the same moment in time.
3688**
3689** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3690** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3691** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3692** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3693** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3694** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3695** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3696** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3697** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3698** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3699** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3700**
3701** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3702** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3703** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3704** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3705** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3706** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3707** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3708** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3709** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3710** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3711** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3712*/
3713int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3714
3715/*
3716** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3717**
3718** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3719** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3720** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3721** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3722** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3723** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3724** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3725** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3726** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3727** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3728** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3729** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3730**
3731** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3732*/
3733int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3734
3735/*
3736** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3737** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3738**
3739** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3740**
3741** <ul>
3742** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3743** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3744** <li> string
3745** <li> BLOB
3746** <li> NULL
3747** </ul>)^
3748**
3749** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3750**
3751** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3752** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3753** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3754** SQLITE_TEXT.
3755*/
3756#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3757#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3758#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3759#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3760#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3761# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3762#else
3763# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3764#endif
3765#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3766
3767/*
3768** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3769** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3770**
3771** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3772**
3773** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3774** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3775** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3776** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3777** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3778** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3779** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3780** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3781**
3782** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3783** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3784** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3785** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3786** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3787** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3788** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3789** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3790** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3791** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3792** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3793**
3794** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3795** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3796** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3797** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3798** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3799** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3800** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3801** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3802** following a type conversion.
3803**
3804** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3805** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3806** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3807** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3808** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3809** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3810** the number of bytes in that string.
3811** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3812**
3813** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3814** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3815** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3816** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3817** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3818** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3819** the number of bytes in that string.
3820** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3821**
3822** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3823** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3824** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3825** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3826** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3827**
3828** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3829** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3830** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3831**
3832** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3833** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3834** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3835** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3836** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3837** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3838** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3839**
3840** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3841** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3842** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3843** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3844** that are applied:
3845**
3846** <blockquote>
3847** <table border="1">
3848** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3849**
3850** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3851** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3852** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3853** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3854** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3855** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3856** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3857** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3858** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3859** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3860** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3861** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3862** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3863** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3864** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3865** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3866** </table>
3867** </blockquote>)^
3868**
3869** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3870** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3871** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3872** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3873** C programmers.
3874**
3875** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3876** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3877** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3878** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3879** in the following cases:
3880**
3881** <ul>
3882** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3883**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3884**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3885** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3886**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3887**      to UTF-16.</li>
3888** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3889**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3890**      to UTF-8.</li>
3891** </ul>
3892**
3893** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3894** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3895** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3896** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3897** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3898**
3899** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3900** in one of the following ways:
3901**
3902** <ul>
3903**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3904**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3905**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3906** </ul>
3907**
3908** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3909** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3910** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3911** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3912** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3913** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3914** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3915**
3916** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3917** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3918** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3919** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3920** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3921** [sqlite3_free()].
3922**
3923** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3924** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3925** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3926** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3927** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3928*/
3929const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3930int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3931int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3932double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3933int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3934sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3935const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3936const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3937int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3938sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3939
3940/*
3941** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3942**
3943** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3944** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3945** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3946** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3947** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3948** [extended error code].
3949**
3950** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3951** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3952** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3953** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3954** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3955** completed execution.
3956**
3957** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3958**
3959** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3960** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3961** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3962** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3963** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3964*/
3965int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3966
3967/*
3968** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3969**
3970** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3971** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3972** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3973** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3974** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3975**
3976** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3977** back to the beginning of its program.
3978**
3979** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3980** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3981** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3982** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3983**
3984** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3985** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3986** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3987**
3988** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3989** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3990*/
3991int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3992
3993/*
3994** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3995** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3996** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3997** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3998**
3999** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4000** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4001** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4002** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4003** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4004** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4005** the application data pointer.
4006**
4007** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4008** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4009** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4010** to each database connection separately.
4011**
4012** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4013** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4014** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4015** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4016** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4017** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4018**
4019** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4020** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4021** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4022** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4023** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4024** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4025** undefined.
4026**
4027** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4028** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4029** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4030** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4031** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4032** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4033** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4034** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4035** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4036** each encoding.
4037** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4038** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4039**
4040** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4041** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4042** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4043** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4044** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4045** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4046** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4047**
4048** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4049** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4050**
4051** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4052** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4053** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4054** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4055** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4056** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4057** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4058** callbacks.
4059**
4060** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4061** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4062** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4063** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4064** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4065** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4066** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4067** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4068** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4069**
4070** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4071** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4072** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4073** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4074** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4075** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4076** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4077** matches the database encoding is a better
4078** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4079** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4080** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4081** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4082**
4083** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4084**
4085** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4086** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4087** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4088** statement in which the function is running.
4089*/
4090int sqlite3_create_function(
4091  sqlite3 *db,
4092  const char *zFunctionName,
4093  int nArg,
4094  int eTextRep,
4095  void *pApp,
4096  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4097  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4098  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4099);
4100int sqlite3_create_function16(
4101  sqlite3 *db,
4102  const void *zFunctionName,
4103  int nArg,
4104  int eTextRep,
4105  void *pApp,
4106  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4107  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4108  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4109);
4110int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4111  sqlite3 *db,
4112  const char *zFunctionName,
4113  int nArg,
4114  int eTextRep,
4115  void *pApp,
4116  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4117  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4118  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4119  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4120);
4121
4122/*
4123** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4124**
4125** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4126** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4127*/
4128#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
4129#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
4130#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
4131#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4132#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4133#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4134
4135/*
4136** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4137**
4138** These constants may be ORed together with the
4139** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4140** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4141** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4142*/
4143#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4144
4145/*
4146** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4147** DEPRECATED
4148**
4149** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4150** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4151** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4152** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
4153** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
4154*/
4155#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4156SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4157SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4158SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4159SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4160SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4161SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4162                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4163#endif
4164
4165/*
4166** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4167**
4168** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4169** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4170** the function or aggregate.
4171**
4172** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4173** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4174** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4175** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4176** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4177** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4178** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4179**
4180** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4181** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4182** object results in undefined behavior.
4183**
4184** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4185** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4186** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4187**
4188** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4189** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4190** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4191** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4192**
4193** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4194** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4195** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4196** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4197** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4198** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4199** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4200**
4201** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4202** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4203** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4204** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4205** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4206**
4207** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4208** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4209*/
4210const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4211int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4212int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4213double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4214int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4215sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4216const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4217const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4218const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4219const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4220int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4221int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4222
4223/*
4224** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4225**
4226** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4227** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4228**
4229** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4230** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4231** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4232** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4233** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4234** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4235** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4236** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4237** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4238** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4239** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4240** first time from within xFinal().)^
4241**
4242** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4243** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4244** allocate error occurs.
4245**
4246** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4247** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4248** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4249** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4250** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4251** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4252** pointless memory allocations occur.
4253**
4254** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4255** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4256**
4257** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4258** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4259** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4260** function.
4261**
4262** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4263** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4264*/
4265void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4266
4267/*
4268** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4269**
4270** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4271** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4272** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4273** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4274** registered the application defined function.
4275**
4276** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4277** the application-defined function is running.
4278*/
4279void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4280
4281/*
4282** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4283**
4284** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4285** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4286** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4287** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4288** registered the application defined function.
4289*/
4290sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4291
4292/*
4293** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4294**
4295** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4296** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4297** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4298** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4299** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4300** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4301** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4302** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4303** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4304** invocations of the same function.
4305**
4306** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4307** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4308** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4309** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4310** returns a NULL pointer.
4311**
4312** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4313** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4314** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4315** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4316** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4317** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4318** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4319** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4320** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4321** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4322** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4323**      SQL statement, or
4324** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4325** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4326**      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4327**
4328** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4329** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4330** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4331** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4332** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4333** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4334**
4335** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4336** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4337** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4338**
4339** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4340** the SQL function is running.
4341*/
4342void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4343void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4344
4345
4346/*
4347** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4348**
4349** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4350** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4351** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4352** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4353** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4354** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4355** the content before returning.
4356**
4357** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4358** C++ compilers.
4359*/
4360typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4361#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4362#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4363
4364/*
4365** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4366**
4367** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4368** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4369** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4370** for additional information.
4371**
4372** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4373** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4374** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4375**
4376** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4377** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4378** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4379** third parameter.
4380**
4381** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4382** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4383** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4384**
4385** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4386** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4387** by its 2nd argument.
4388**
4389** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4390** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4391** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4392** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4393** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4394** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4395** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4396** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4397** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4398** message all text up through the first zero character.
4399** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4400** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4401** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4402** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4403** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4404** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4405** modify the text after they return without harm.
4406** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4407** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4408** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4409** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4410**
4411** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4412** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4413**
4414** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4415** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4416**
4417** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4418** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4419** value given in the 2nd argument.
4420** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4421** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4422** value given in the 2nd argument.
4423**
4424** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4425** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4426**
4427** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4428** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4429** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4430** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4431** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4432** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4433** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4434** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4435** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4436** through the first zero character.
4437** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4438** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4439** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4440** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4441** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4442** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4443** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4444** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4445** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4446** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4447** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4448** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4449** finished using that result.
4450** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4451** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4452** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4453** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4454** when it has finished using that result.
4455** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4456** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4457** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4458** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4459**
4460** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4461** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4462** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4463** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4464** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4465** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4466** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4467** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4468** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4469**
4470** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4471** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4472** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4473*/
4474void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4475void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4476void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4477void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4478void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4479void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4480void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4481void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4482void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4483void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4484void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4485void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4486void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4487void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4488void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4489void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4490
4491/*
4492** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4493**
4494** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4495** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4496**
4497** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4498** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4499** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4500** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4501** considered to be the same name.
4502**
4503** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4504** <ul>
4505** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4506** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4507** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4508** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4509** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4510** </ul>)^
4511** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4512** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4513** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4514** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4515** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4516** on an even byte address.
4517**
4518** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4519** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4520**
4521** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4522** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4523** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4524** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4525** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4526** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4527** that collation is no longer usable.
4528**
4529** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4530** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4531** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4532** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4533** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4534** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4535** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4536** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4537** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4538** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4539** strings A, B, and C:
4540**
4541** <ol>
4542** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4543** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4544** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4545** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4546** </ol>
4547**
4548** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4549** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4550** is undefined.
4551**
4552** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4553** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4554** the collating function is deleted.
4555** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4556** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4557** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4558**
4559** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4560** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4561** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4562** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4563** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4564** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4565** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4566** compatibility.
4567**
4568** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4569*/
4570int sqlite3_create_collation(
4571  sqlite3*,
4572  const char *zName,
4573  int eTextRep,
4574  void *pArg,
4575  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4576);
4577int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4578  sqlite3*,
4579  const char *zName,
4580  int eTextRep,
4581  void *pArg,
4582  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4583  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4584);
4585int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4586  sqlite3*,
4587  const void *zName,
4588  int eTextRep,
4589  void *pArg,
4590  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4591);
4592
4593/*
4594** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4595**
4596** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4597** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4598** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4599** sequence is required.
4600**
4601** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4602** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4603** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4604** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4605** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4606**
4607** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4608** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4609** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4610** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4611** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4612** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4613** required collation sequence.)^
4614**
4615** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4616** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4617** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4618*/
4619int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4620  sqlite3*,
4621  void*,
4622  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4623);
4624int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4625  sqlite3*,
4626  void*,
4627  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4628);
4629
4630#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4631/*
4632** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4633** called right after sqlite3_open().
4634**
4635** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4636** of SQLite.
4637*/
4638int sqlite3_key(
4639  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4640  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4641);
4642int sqlite3_key_v2(
4643  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4644  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4645  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4646);
4647
4648/*
4649** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4650** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4651** database is decrypted.
4652**
4653** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4654** of SQLite.
4655*/
4656int sqlite3_rekey(
4657  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4658  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4659);
4660int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4661  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4662  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4663  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4664);
4665
4666/*
4667** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4668** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4669*/
4670void sqlite3_activate_see(
4671  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4672);
4673#endif
4674
4675#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4676/*
4677** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4678** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4679*/
4680void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4681  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4682);
4683#endif
4684
4685/*
4686** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4687**
4688** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4689** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4690**
4691** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4692** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4693** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4694** requested from the operating system is returned.
4695**
4696** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4697** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4698** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4699** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4700** in the previous paragraphs.
4701*/
4702int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4703
4704/*
4705** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4706**
4707** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4708** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4709** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4710** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4711** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4712** temporary file directory.
4713**
4714** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4715** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4716** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4717** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4718** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4719** be avoided in new projects.
4720**
4721** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4722** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4723** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4724** thread.
4725** It is intended that this variable be set once
4726** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4727** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4728** thereafter.
4729**
4730** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4731** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4732** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4733** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4734** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4735** using [sqlite3_free].
4736** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4737** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4738** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4739** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4740** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4741** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4742** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4743** objects have been destroyed.
4744**
4745** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4746** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4747** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4748** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4749**
4750** <blockquote><pre>
4751** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4752** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4753** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4754** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4755** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4756** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4757** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4758** </pre></blockquote>
4759*/
4760SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4761
4762/*
4763** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4764**
4765** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4766** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4767** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4768** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4769** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4770** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4771** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4772** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4773** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4774**
4775** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4776** open can result in a corrupt database.
4777**
4778** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4779** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4780** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4781** thread.
4782** It is intended that this variable be set once
4783** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4784** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4785** thereafter.
4786**
4787** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4788** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4789** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4790** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4791** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4792** using [sqlite3_free].
4793** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4794** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4795** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4796*/
4797SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4798
4799/*
4800** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4801** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4802**
4803** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4804** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4805** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4806** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4807** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4808**
4809** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4810** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4811** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4812** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4813** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4814** an error is to use this function.
4815**
4816** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4817** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4818** is undefined.
4819*/
4820int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4821
4822/*
4823** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4824**
4825** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4826** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4827** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4828** that was the first argument
4829** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4830** create the statement in the first place.
4831*/
4832sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4833
4834/*
4835** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4836**
4837** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4838** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4839** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4840** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4841** a NULL pointer is returned.
4842**
4843** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4844** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4845** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4846** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4847*/
4848const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4849
4850/*
4851** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4852**
4853** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4854** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4855** the name of a database on connection D.
4856*/
4857int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4858
4859/*
4860** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4861**
4862** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4863** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4864** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4865** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4866** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4867**
4868** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4869** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4870** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4871*/
4872sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4873
4874/*
4875** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4876**
4877** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4878** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4879** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4880** for the same database connection is overridden.
4881** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4882** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4883** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4884** for the same database connection is overridden.
4885** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4886** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4887** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4888**
4889** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4890** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4891** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4892** the first call for each function on D.
4893**
4894** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4895** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4896** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4897** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4898** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4899** or rollback hook in the first place.
4900** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4901** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4902** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4903**
4904** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4905**
4906** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4907** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4908** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4909** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4910** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4911**
4912** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4913** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4914** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4915** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4916** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4917**
4918** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4919*/
4920void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4921void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4922
4923/*
4924** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4925**
4926** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4927** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4928** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
4929** a rowid table.
4930** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4931** for the same database connection is overridden.
4932**
4933** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4934** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
4935** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4936** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4937** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4938** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4939** to be invoked.
4940** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4941** database and table name containing the affected row.
4942** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4943** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4944**
4945** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4946** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4947** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
4948**
4949** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4950** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4951** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4952** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4953** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4954** release of SQLite.
4955**
4956** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4957** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4958** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4959** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4960** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4961** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4962**
4963** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4964** returns the P argument from the previous call
4965** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4966** the first call on D.
4967**
4968** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4969** interfaces.
4970*/
4971void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4972  sqlite3*,
4973  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4974  void*
4975);
4976
4977/*
4978** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4979**
4980** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4981** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4982** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4983** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4984**
4985** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4986** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4987** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4988**
4989** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4990** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4991** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4992** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4993**
4994** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4995** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4996**
4997** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4998** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4999** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5000**
5001** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5002** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5003**
5004** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5005*/
5006int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5007
5008/*
5009** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5010**
5011** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5012** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5013** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5014** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5015** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5016** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5017** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5018** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5019**
5020** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5021*/
5022int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5023
5024/*
5025** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5026**
5027** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5028** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5029** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5030** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5031** omitted.
5032**
5033** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5034*/
5035int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5036
5037/*
5038** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5039**
5040** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5041** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5042** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5043** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5044** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5045** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5046** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5047** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5048** is advisory only.
5049**
5050** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5051** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5052** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5053** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5054** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5055** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5056**
5057** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5058**
5059** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5060** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5061**
5062** <ul>
5063** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5064** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5065**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5066**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5067** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5068**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5069** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5070**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5071**      from the heap.
5072** </ul>)^
5073**
5074** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5075** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5076** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5077** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5078** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5079** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5080** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5081** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5082** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5083**
5084** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5085** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5086*/
5087sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5088
5089/*
5090** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5091** DEPRECATED
5092**
5093** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5094** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5095** only.  All new applications should use the
5096** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5097*/
5098SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5099
5100
5101/*
5102** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5103**
5104** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
5105** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
5106** passed as the first function argument.
5107**
5108** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5109** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
5110** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5111** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5112** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5113** resolve unqualified table references.
5114**
5115** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5116** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
5117** may be NULL.
5118**
5119** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5120** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5121** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5122**
5123** ^(<blockquote>
5124** <table border="1">
5125** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5126**
5127** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5128** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5129** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5130** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5131** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5132** </table>
5133** </blockquote>)^
5134**
5135** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5136** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
5137** call to any SQLite API function.
5138**
5139** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5140**
5141** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
5142** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5143** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5144** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
5145** parameters are set as follows:
5146**
5147** <pre>
5148**     data type: "INTEGER"
5149**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5150**     not null: 0
5151**     primary key: 1
5152**     auto increment: 0
5153** </pre>)^
5154**
5155** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
5156** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
5157** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
5158** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
5159**
5160** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5161** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5162*/
5163int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5164  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5165  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5166  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5167  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5168  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5169  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5170  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5171  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5172  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5173);
5174
5175/*
5176** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5177**
5178** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5179**
5180** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5181** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5182** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5183** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5184** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5185** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5186** be tried also.
5187**
5188** ^The entry point is zProc.
5189** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5190** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5191** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5192** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5193** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5194** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5195** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5196** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5197** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5198** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5199** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5200** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5201** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5202**
5203** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5204** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5205** otherwise an error will be returned.
5206**
5207** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5208*/
5209int sqlite3_load_extension(
5210  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5211  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5212  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5213  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5214);
5215
5216/*
5217** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5218**
5219** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5220** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5221** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5222** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5223**
5224** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5225** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5226** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5227** it back off again.
5228*/
5229int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5230
5231/*
5232** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5233**
5234** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5235** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5236** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5237** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5238**
5239** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5240** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5241** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5242** entry point where as follows:
5243**
5244** <blockquote><pre>
5245** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5246** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5247** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5248** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5249** &nbsp;  );
5250** </pre></blockquote>)^
5251**
5252** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5253** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5254** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5255** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5256** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5257** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5258** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5259**
5260** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5261** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5262** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5263**
5264** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5265** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5266*/
5267int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5268
5269/*
5270** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5271**
5272** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5273** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5274** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5275** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5276** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5277** routines.
5278*/
5279int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5280
5281/*
5282** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5283**
5284** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5285** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5286*/
5287void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5288
5289/*
5290** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5291** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5292** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5293**
5294** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5295** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5296*/
5297
5298/*
5299** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5300*/
5301typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5302typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5303typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5304typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5305
5306/*
5307** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5308** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5309**
5310** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5311** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5312** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5313**
5314** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5315** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5316** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5317** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5318** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5319** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5320** any database connection.
5321*/
5322struct sqlite3_module {
5323  int iVersion;
5324  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5325               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5326               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5327  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5328               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5329               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5330  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5331  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5332  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5333  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5334  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5335  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5336                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5337  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5338  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5339  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5340  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5341  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5342  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5343  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5344  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5345  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5346  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5347                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5348                       void **ppArg);
5349  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5350  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5351  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5352  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5353  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5354  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5355};
5356
5357/*
5358** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5359** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5360**
5361** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5362** of the [virtual table] interface to
5363** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5364** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5365** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5366** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5367**
5368** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5369**
5370** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5371**
5372** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5373** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5374** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5375** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5376** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5377** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5378** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5379**
5380** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5381** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5382** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5383** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5384** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5385**
5386** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5387** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5388**
5389** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5390** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5391** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5392** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5393** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5394** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5395**
5396** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5397** [xFilter] method.
5398** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5399** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5400**
5401** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5402** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5403** sorting step is required.
5404**
5405** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5406** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5407** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5408** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5409** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5410**
5411** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5412** will be returned by the strategy.
5413**
5414** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5415** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5416** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5417** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5418** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5419** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5420** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5421*/
5422struct sqlite3_index_info {
5423  /* Inputs */
5424  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5425  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5426     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5427     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5428     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5429     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5430  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5431  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5432  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5433     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5434     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5435  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5436  /* Outputs */
5437  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5438    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5439    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5440  } *aConstraintUsage;
5441  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5442  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5443  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5444  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5445  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5446  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5447  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5448};
5449
5450/*
5451** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5452**
5453** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5454** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5455** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5456** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5457*/
5458#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5459#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5460#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5461#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5462#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5463#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5464
5465/*
5466** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5467**
5468** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5469** ^Module names must be registered before
5470** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5471** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5472**
5473** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5474** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5475** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5476** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5477** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5478** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5479** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5480**
5481** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5482** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5483** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5484** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5485** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5486** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5487** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5488** destructor.
5489*/
5490int sqlite3_create_module(
5491  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5492  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5493  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5494  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5495);
5496int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5497  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5498  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5499  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5500  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5501  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5502);
5503
5504/*
5505** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5506** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5507**
5508** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5509** of this object to describe a particular instance
5510** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5511** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5512** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5513** common to all module implementations.
5514**
5515** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5516** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5517** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5518** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5519** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5520** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5521*/
5522struct sqlite3_vtab {
5523  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5524  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5525  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5526  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5527};
5528
5529/*
5530** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5531** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5532**
5533** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5534** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5535** [virtual table] and are used
5536** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5537** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5538** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5539** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5540** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5541** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5542**
5543** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5544** are common to all implementations.
5545*/
5546struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5547  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5548  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5549};
5550
5551/*
5552** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5553**
5554** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5555** [virtual table module] call this interface
5556** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5557** the virtual tables they implement.
5558*/
5559int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5560
5561/*
5562** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5563**
5564** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5565** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5566** But global versions of those functions
5567** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5568**
5569** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5570** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5571** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5572** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5573** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5574** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5575** by a [virtual table].
5576*/
5577int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5578
5579/*
5580** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5581** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5582** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5583** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5584**
5585** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5586** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5587*/
5588
5589/*
5590** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5591** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5592**
5593** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5594** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5595** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5596** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5597** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5598** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5599** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5600*/
5601typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5602
5603/*
5604** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5605**
5606** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5607** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5608** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5609**
5610** <pre>
5611**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5612** </pre>)^
5613**
5614** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5615** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5616** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5617** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5618** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5619**
5620** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5621** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5622** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5623** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5624** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5625**
5626** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5627** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5628** to be a null pointer.)^
5629** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5630** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5631** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5632** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5633** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5634**
5635** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5636** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5637** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5638** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5639** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5640** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5641** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5642** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5643** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5644** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5645**
5646** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5647** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5648** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5649** blob.
5650**
5651** ^The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface will fail for a [WITHOUT ROWID]
5652** table.  Incremental BLOB I/O is not possible on [WITHOUT ROWID] tables.
5653**
5654** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5655** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5656** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5657** this interface.
5658**
5659** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5660** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5661*/
5662int sqlite3_blob_open(
5663  sqlite3*,
5664  const char *zDb,
5665  const char *zTable,
5666  const char *zColumn,
5667  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5668  int flags,
5669  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5670);
5671
5672/*
5673** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5674**
5675** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5676** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5677** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5678** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5679** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5680** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5681**
5682** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5683** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5684** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5685** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5686** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5687** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5688** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5689** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5690** always returns zero.
5691**
5692** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5693*/
5694SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5695
5696/*
5697** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5698**
5699** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5700**
5701** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5702** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5703** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5704** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5705** until the close operation if they will fit.
5706**
5707** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5708** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5709** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5710** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5711**
5712** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5713** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5714**
5715** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5716** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5717*/
5718int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5719
5720/*
5721** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5722**
5723** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5724** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5725** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5726** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5727**
5728** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5729** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5730** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5731** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5732*/
5733int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5734
5735/*
5736** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5737**
5738** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5739** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5740** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5741**
5742** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5743** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5744** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5745** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5746** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5747**
5748** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5749** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5750**
5751** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5752** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5753**
5754** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5755** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5756** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5757** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5758**
5759** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5760*/
5761int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5762
5763/*
5764** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5765**
5766** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5767** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5768** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5769**
5770** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5771** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5772** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5773**
5774** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5775** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5776** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5777** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5778** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5779** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5780** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5781**
5782** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5783** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5784** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5785** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5786** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5787** or by other independent statements.
5788**
5789** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5790** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5791**
5792** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5793** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5794** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5795** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5796**
5797** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5798*/
5799int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5800
5801/*
5802** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5803**
5804** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5805** that SQLite uses to interact
5806** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5807** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5808** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5809** The following interfaces are provided.
5810**
5811** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5812** ^Names are case sensitive.
5813** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5814** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5815** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5816**
5817** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5818** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5819** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5820** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5821** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5822** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5823** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5824** then the behavior is undefined.
5825**
5826** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5827** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5828** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5829*/
5830sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5831int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5832int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5833
5834/*
5835** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5836**
5837** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5838** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5839** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5840** permitted to use any of these routines.
5841**
5842** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5843** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5844** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5845** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5846**
5847** <ul>
5848** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5849** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5850** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5851** </ul>)^
5852**
5853** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5854** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5855** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5856** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5857** and Windows.
5858**
5859** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5860** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5861** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5862** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5863** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5864** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5865** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5866**
5867** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5868** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5869** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5870** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5871** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5872**
5873** <ul>
5874** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5875** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5876** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5877** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5878** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
5879** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5880** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5881** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
5882** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
5883** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
5884** </ul>)^
5885**
5886** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5887** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5888** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5889** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5890** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5891** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5892** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5893** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5894** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5895** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5896**
5897** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5898** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5899** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5900** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5901** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5902** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5903** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5904** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5905**
5906** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5907** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5908** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5909** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5910** the same type number.
5911**
5912** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5913** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5914** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5915** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5916** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5917** a static mutex.
5918**
5919** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5920** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5921** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5922** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5923** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5924** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5925** In such cases the,
5926** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5927** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5928** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5929** SQLite will never exhibit
5930** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5931**
5932** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5933** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5934** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5935** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5936**
5937** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5938** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5939** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5940** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5941** never do either.)^
5942**
5943** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5944** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5945** behave as no-ops.
5946**
5947** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5948*/
5949sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5950void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5951void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5952int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5953void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5954
5955/*
5956** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5957**
5958** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5959** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5960**
5961** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5962** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5963** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5964** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5965** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5966** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5967** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5968** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5969** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5970**
5971** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5972** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5973** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5974** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5975**
5976** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5977** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5978** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5979** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5980** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5981** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5982**
5983** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5984** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5985** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5986**
5987** <ul>
5988**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5989**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5990**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5991**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5992**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5993**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5994**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5995** </ul>)^
5996**
5997** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5998** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5999** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6000** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6001** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6002** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6003** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6004**
6005** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
6006** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6007** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6008** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6009**
6010** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6011** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6012** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6013** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6014**
6015** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6016** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6017** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6018** prior to returning.
6019*/
6020typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6021struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6022  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6023  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6024  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6025  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6026  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6027  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6028  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6029  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6030  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6031};
6032
6033/*
6034** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6035**
6036** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6037** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
6038** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6039** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
6040** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6041** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
6042** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6043** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6044**
6045** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6046** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6047**
6048** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6049** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6050** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6051** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6052**
6053** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6054** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6055** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6056** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6057** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6058** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6059** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6060** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6061*/
6062#ifndef NDEBUG
6063int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6064int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6065#endif
6066
6067/*
6068** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6069**
6070** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6071** which is one of these integer constants.
6072**
6073** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6074** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6075** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6076*/
6077#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6078#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6079#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6080#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6081#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6082#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6083#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6084#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6085#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6086#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6087#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6088#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6089#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6090
6091/*
6092** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6093**
6094** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6095** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6096** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6097** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6098** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6099*/
6100sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6101
6102/*
6103** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6104**
6105** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6106** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6107** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6108** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6109** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6110** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6111** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6112** main database file.
6113** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6114** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6115** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6116** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6117**
6118** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6119** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6120** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6121** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6122** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6123**
6124** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6125** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6126** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6127** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6128** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6129** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6130** xFileControl method.
6131**
6132** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6133*/
6134int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6135
6136/*
6137** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6138**
6139** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6140** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6141** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6142** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6143**
6144** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6145** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6146** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6147**
6148** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6149** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6150** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6151** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6152*/
6153int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6154
6155/*
6156** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6157**
6158** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6159** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6160**
6161** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6162** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6163** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6164** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6165*/
6166#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6167#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6168#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6169#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6170#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6171#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6172#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6173#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6174#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6175#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6176#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6177#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6178#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6179#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6180#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6181#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
6182#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6183#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6184#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6185#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6186#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    23
6187
6188/*
6189** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6190**
6191** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6192** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6193** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6194** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6195** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6196** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6197** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6198** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6199** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6200** value.  For those parameters
6201** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6202** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6203** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6204**
6205** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6206** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6207**
6208** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6209** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6210** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6211** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6212** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6213** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6214**
6215** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6216*/
6217int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6218
6219
6220/*
6221** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6222** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6223**
6224** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6225** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6226**
6227** <dl>
6228** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6229** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6230** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6231** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6232** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6233** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6234** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6235** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6236** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6237**
6238** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6239** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6240** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6241** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6242** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6243** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6244**
6245** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6246** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6247** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6248**
6249** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6250** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6251** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6252** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6253** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6254**
6255** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6256** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6257** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6258** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6259** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6260** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6261** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6262** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6263** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6264**
6265** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6266** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6267** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6268** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6269** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6270**
6271** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6272** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6273** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6274** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6275** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6276** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6277** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6278**
6279** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6280** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6281** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6282** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6283** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6284** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6285** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6286** slots were available.
6287** </dd>)^
6288**
6289** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6290** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6291** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6292** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6293** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6294**
6295** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6296** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6297** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6298** </dl>
6299**
6300** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6301*/
6302#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6303#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6304#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6305#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6306#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6307#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6308#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6309#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6310#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6311#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6312
6313/*
6314** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6315**
6316** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6317** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6318** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6319** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6320** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6321** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6322** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6323** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6324**
6325** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6326** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6327** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6328** reset back down to the current value.
6329**
6330** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6331** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6332**
6333** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6334*/
6335int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6336
6337/*
6338** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6339** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6340**
6341** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6342** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6343**
6344** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6345** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6346** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6347** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6348** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6349**
6350** <dl>
6351** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6352** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6353** checked out.</dd>)^
6354**
6355** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6356** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6357** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6358** the current value is always zero.)^
6359**
6360** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6361** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6362** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6363** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6364** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6365** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6366** the current value is always zero.)^
6367**
6368** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6369** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6370** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6371** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6372** memory already being in use.
6373** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6374** the current value is always zero.)^
6375**
6376** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6377** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6378** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6379** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6380**
6381** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6382** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6383** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6384** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6385** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6386** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6387** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6388** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6389**
6390** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6391** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6392** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6393** the database connection.)^
6394** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6395** </dd>
6396**
6397** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6398** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6399** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6400** is always 0.
6401** </dd>
6402**
6403** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6404** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6405** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6406** is always 0.
6407** </dd>
6408**
6409** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6410** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6411** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6412** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6413** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6414** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6415** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6416** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6417** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6418** </dd>
6419**
6420** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6421** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6422** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6423** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6424** </dd>
6425** </dl>
6426*/
6427#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6428#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6429#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6430#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6431#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6432#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6433#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6434#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6435#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6436#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6437#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6438#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6439
6440
6441/*
6442** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6443**
6444** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6445** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6446** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6447** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6448** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6449** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6450** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6451** an index.
6452**
6453** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6454** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6455** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6456** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6457** to be interrogated.)^
6458** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6459** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6460** interface call returns.
6461**
6462** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6463*/
6464int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6465
6466/*
6467** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6468** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6469**
6470** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6471** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6472** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6473**
6474** <dl>
6475** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6476** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6477** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6478** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6479** careful use of indices.</dd>
6480**
6481** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6482** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6483** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6484** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6485**
6486** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6487** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6488** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6489** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6490** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6491** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6492**
6493** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6494** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6495** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6496** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6497** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6498** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6499** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6500** </dd>
6501** </dl>
6502*/
6503#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6504#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6505#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6506#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6507
6508/*
6509** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6510**
6511** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6512** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6513** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6514** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6515** to the object.
6516**
6517** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6518*/
6519typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6520
6521/*
6522** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6523**
6524** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6525** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6526** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6527** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6528**
6529** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6530*/
6531typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6532struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6533  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6534  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6535};
6536
6537/*
6538** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6539** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6540**
6541** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6542** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6543** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6544** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6545** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6546** By implementing a
6547** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6548** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6549** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6550** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6551** how long.
6552**
6553** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6554** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6555** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6556**
6557** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6558** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6559** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6560** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6561**
6562** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6563** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6564** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6565** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6566** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6567** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6568** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6569** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6570** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6571** page cache.)^
6572**
6573** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6574** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6575** It can be used to clean up
6576** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6577** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6578**
6579** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6580** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6581** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6582** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6583** in multithreaded applications.
6584**
6585** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6586** call to xShutdown().
6587**
6588** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6589** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6590** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6591** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6592** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6593** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6594** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6595** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6596** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6597** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6598** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6599** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6600** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6601** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6602** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6603** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6604** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6605** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6606** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6607** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6608** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6609** never contain any unpinned pages.
6610**
6611** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6612** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6613** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6614** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6615** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6616** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6617** value; it is advisory only.
6618**
6619** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6620** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6621** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6622**
6623** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6624** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6625** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6626** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6627** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6628** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6629** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6630** for each entry in the page cache.
6631**
6632** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6633** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6634** to be "pinned".
6635**
6636** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6637** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6638** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6639** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6640** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6641**
6642** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6643** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6644** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6645** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6646**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6647** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6648**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6649** </table>
6650**
6651** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6652** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6653** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6654** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6655** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6656**
6657** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6658** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6659** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6660** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6661** ^If the discard parameter is
6662** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6663** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6664** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6665**
6666** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6667** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6668** to xFetch().
6669**
6670** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6671** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6672** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6673** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6674** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6675** to be pinned.
6676**
6677** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6678** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6679** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6680** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6681** they can be safely discarded.
6682**
6683** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6684** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6685** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6686** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6687** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6688** functions.
6689**
6690** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6691** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6692** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6693** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6694** do their best.
6695*/
6696typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6697struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6698  int iVersion;
6699  void *pArg;
6700  int (*xInit)(void*);
6701  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6702  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6703  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6704  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6705  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6706  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6707  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6708      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6709  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6710  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6711  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6712};
6713
6714/*
6715** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6716** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6717** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6718*/
6719typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6720struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6721  void *pArg;
6722  int (*xInit)(void*);
6723  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6724  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6725  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6726  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6727  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6728  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6729  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6730  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6731  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6732};
6733
6734
6735/*
6736** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6737**
6738** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6739** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6740** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6741** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6742**
6743** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6744*/
6745typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6746
6747/*
6748** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6749**
6750** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6751** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6752** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6753**
6754** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6755**
6756** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6757** for the duration of the backup operation.
6758** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6759** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6760** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6761** preventing other database connections from
6762** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6763**
6764** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6765**   <ol>
6766**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6767**         backup,
6768**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6769**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6770**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6771**         associated with the backup operation.
6772**   </ol>)^
6773** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6774** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6775**
6776** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6777**
6778** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6779** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6780** and the database name, respectively.
6781** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6782** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6783** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6784** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6785** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6786** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6787** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6788** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6789** an error.
6790**
6791** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6792** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6793** destination [database connection] D.
6794** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6795** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6796** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6797** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6798** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6799** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6800** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6801** operation.
6802**
6803** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6804**
6805** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6806** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6807** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6808** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6809** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6810** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6811** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6812** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6813** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6814** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6815** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6816** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6817**
6818** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6819** <ol>
6820** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6821** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6822** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6823** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6824** destination and source page sizes differ.
6825** </ol>)^
6826**
6827** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6828** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6829** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6830** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6831** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6832** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6833** [database connection]
6834** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6835** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6836** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6837** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6838** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6839** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6840** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6841** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6842** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6843**
6844** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6845** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6846** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6847** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6848** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6849** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6850** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6851** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6852** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6853** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6854** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6855** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6856** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6857** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6858** updated at the same time.
6859**
6860** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6861**
6862** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6863** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6864** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6865** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6866** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6867** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6868** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6869** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6870** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6871**
6872** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6873** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6874** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6875** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6876** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6877** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6878**
6879** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6880** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6881** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6882**
6883** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6884** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6885**
6886** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6887** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6888** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6889** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6890** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6891**
6892** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6893** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6894** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6895** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6896** changing.
6897**
6898** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6899**
6900** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6901** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6902** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6903** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6904** from within other threads.
6905**
6906** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6907** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6908** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6909** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6910** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6911** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6912** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6913** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6914**
6915** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6916** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6917** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6918** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6919** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6920** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6921**
6922** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6923** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6924** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6925** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6926** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6927** possible that they return invalid values.
6928*/
6929sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6930  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6931  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6932  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6933  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6934);
6935int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6936int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6937int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6938int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6939
6940/*
6941** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6942**
6943** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6944** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6945** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6946** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6947** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6948** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6949** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6950** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6951**
6952** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6953**
6954** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6955** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6956**
6957** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6958** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6959** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6960** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6961** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6962** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6963** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6964** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6965** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6966** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6967**
6968** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6969** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6970** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6971** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6972** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6973**
6974** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6975** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6976** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6977** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6978**
6979** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6980** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6981** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6982** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6983** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6984** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6985** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6986** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6987**
6988** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6989** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6990** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6991**
6992** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6993** returns SQLITE_OK.
6994**
6995** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6996**
6997** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6998** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6999** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7000** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7001** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7002** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7003**
7004** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7005** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7006** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7007** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7008** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7009** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7010** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7011** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7012**
7013** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7014**
7015** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7016** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7017** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7018** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7019** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7020** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7021** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7022**
7023** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7024** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7025** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7026** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7027** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7028** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7029** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7030** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7031** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7032** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7033** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7034** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7035**
7036** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7037**
7038** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7039** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7040** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7041** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7042** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7043** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7044** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7045** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7046** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7047**
7048** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7049** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7050** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7051** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7052** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7053*/
7054int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7055  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7056  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7057  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7058);
7059
7060
7061/*
7062** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7063**
7064** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7065** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7066** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7067** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7068*/
7069int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7070int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7071
7072/*
7073** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7074*
7075** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7076** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7077** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7078** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7079** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7080** sensitive.
7081**
7082** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7083** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7084*/
7085int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7086
7087/*
7088** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7089**
7090** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7091** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7092** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7093** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7094**
7095** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7096** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7097** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7098** is considered bad form.
7099**
7100** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7101**
7102** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7103** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7104** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7105** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7106** buffer.
7107*/
7108void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7109
7110/*
7111** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7112**
7113** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7114** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
7115** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
7116** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
7117**
7118** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7119** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
7120** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7121**
7122** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7123** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7124** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7125** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7126** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7127** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7128** including those that were just committed.
7129**
7130** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7131** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7132** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7133** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7134** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7135** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7136** are undefined.
7137**
7138** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7139** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7140** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7141** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7142** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7143** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7144*/
7145void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7146  sqlite3*,
7147  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7148  void*
7149);
7150
7151/*
7152** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7153**
7154** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7155** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7156** to automatically [checkpoint]
7157** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7158** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7159** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7160** checkpoints entirely.
7161**
7162** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7163** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7164** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7165** configured by this function.
7166**
7167** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7168** from SQL.
7169**
7170** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7171** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7172**
7173** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7174** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7175** pages.  The use of this interface
7176** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7177** for a particular application.
7178*/
7179int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7180
7181/*
7182** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7183**
7184** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
7185** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
7186** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
7187** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
7188** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
7189** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface initiates a
7190** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE] checkpoint.
7191** Use the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface to get a FULL
7192** or RESET checkpoint.
7193**
7194** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7195** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7196** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
7197** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
7198**
7199** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7200*/
7201int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7202
7203/*
7204** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7205**
7206** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
7207** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
7208** eMode parameter:
7209**
7210** <dl>
7211** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7212**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7213**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
7214**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
7215**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]
7216**   is never invoked.
7217**
7218** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7219**   This mode blocks (it invokes the
7220**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7221**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7222**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7223**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7224**   but not database readers.
7225**
7226** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7227**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
7228**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7229**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback])
7230**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
7231**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
7232**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7233**   but not database readers.
7234** </dl>
7235**
7236** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7237** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
7238** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
7239** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
7240** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
7241** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
7242** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
7243**
7244** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
7245** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7246** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
7247** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7248**
7249** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
7250** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
7251** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
7252** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
7253** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7254** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7255** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7256** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7257** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7258** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7259**
7260** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7261** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
7262** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
7263** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7264** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7265** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
7266** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7267** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
7268** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7269** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7270**
7271** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7272** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
7273** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7274** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7275*/
7276int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7277  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7278  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7279  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7280  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7281  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7282);
7283
7284/*
7285** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
7286**
7287** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
7288** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7289** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
7290** each of these values.
7291*/
7292#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
7293#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
7294#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
7295
7296/*
7297** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7298**
7299** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7300** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7301** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7302**
7303** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7304** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7305**
7306** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7307** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7308** may be added in the future.
7309*/
7310int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7311
7312/*
7313** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7314**
7315** These macros define the various options to the
7316** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7317** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7318**
7319** <dl>
7320** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7321** <dd>Calls of the form
7322** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7323** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7324** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7325** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7326** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7327** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7328** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7329** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7330**
7331** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7332** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7333** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7334** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7335** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7336** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7337** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7338** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7339** had been ABORT.
7340**
7341** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7342** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7343** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7344** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7345** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7346** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7347** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7348** constraint handling.
7349** </dl>
7350*/
7351#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7352
7353/*
7354** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7355**
7356** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7357** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7358** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7359** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7360** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7361** [virtual table].
7362*/
7363int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7364
7365/*
7366** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7367**
7368** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7369** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7370** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7371**
7372** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7373** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7374** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7375*/
7376#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7377/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7378#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7379/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7380#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7381
7382
7383
7384/*
7385** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7386** builds on processors without floating point support.
7387*/
7388#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7389# undef double
7390#endif
7391
7392#ifdef __cplusplus
7393}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7394#endif
7395#endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7396