xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision e7952263)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#endif
193
194/*
195** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196**
197** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200**
201** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207**
208** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212**
213** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216**
217** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227**
228** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229*/
230int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231
232/*
233** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235**
236** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241** interfaces (such as
242** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244** sqlite3 object.
245*/
246typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247
248/*
249** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251**
252** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254**
255** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257** compatibility only.
258**
259** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263*/
264#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268# else
269    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270# endif
271#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274#else
275  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277#endif
278typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280
281/*
282** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283** substitute integer for floating-point.
284*/
285#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286# define double sqlite3_int64
287#endif
288
289/*
290** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292**
293** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294** for the [sqlite3] object.
295** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297** resources are deallocated.
298**
299** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309**
310** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319**
320** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322**
323** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324** must be either a NULL
325** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329** argument is a harmless no-op.
330*/
331int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333
334/*
335** The type for a callback function.
336** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337** compatibility and is not documented.
338*/
339typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340
341/*
342** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343** METHOD: sqlite3
344**
345** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348** without having to use a lot of C code.
349**
350** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359** ignored.
360**
361** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371** NULL before returning.
372**
373** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376**
377** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386**
387** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390** is not changed.
391**
392** Restrictions:
393**
394** <ul>
395** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396**      is a valid and open [database connection].
397** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401** </ul>
402*/
403int sqlite3_exec(
404  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409);
410
411/*
412** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414**
415** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417**
418** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419**
420** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421*/
422#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423/* beginning-of-error-codes */
424#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454/* end-of-error-codes */
455
456/*
457** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459**
460** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465** and later) include
466** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468** on a per database connection basis using the
469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470** the most recent error can be obtained using
471** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472*/
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
507#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
508#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
509#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
515#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
516#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
517#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
518#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
519#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
520#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
521#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
522#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
523#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
524#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
525#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
526#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
527#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
528#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
531#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
532#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
533#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
534#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
535#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
536#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
537#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
538#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
539
540/*
541** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
542**
543** These bit values are intended for use in the
544** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
545** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
546*/
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
564#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
565#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
566#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
567
568/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
569
570/*
571** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
572**
573** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
574** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
575** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
576** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
577** refers to.
578**
579** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
580** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
581** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
582** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
583** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
584** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
585** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
586** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
587** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
588** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
589** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
590** file that were written at the application level might have changed
591** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
592** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
593** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
594** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
595** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
596** elevated privileges.
597**
598** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
599** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
600** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
601** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
602*/
603#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
604#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
605#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
606#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
607#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
608#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
609#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
615#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
616#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
617#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
618
619/*
620** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
621**
622** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
623** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
624** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
625*/
626#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
627#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
628#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
629#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
630#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
631
632/*
633** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
634**
635** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
636** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
637** these integer values as the second argument.
638**
639** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
640** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
641** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
642** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
643** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
644** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
645**
646** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
647** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
648** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
649** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
650** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
651** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
652** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
653** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
654** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
655** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
656** cares about the difference.)
657*/
658#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
659#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
660#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
661
662/*
663** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
664**
665** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
666** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
667** implementations will
668** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
669** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
670** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
671** I/O operations on the open file.
672*/
673typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
674struct sqlite3_file {
675  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
676};
677
678/*
679** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
680**
681** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
682** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
683** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
684** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
685** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
686**
687** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
688** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
689** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
690** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
691** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
692** to NULL.
693**
694** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
695** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
696** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
697** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
698** and not its inode needs to be synced.
699**
700** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
701** <ul>
702** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
703** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
704** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
705** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
706** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
707** </ul>
708** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
709** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
710** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
711** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
712** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
713**
714** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
715** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
716** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
717** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
718** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
719** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
720** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
721** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
722** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
723** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
724** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
725** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
726** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
727** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
728** recognize.
729**
730** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
731** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
732** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
733** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
734** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
735** underlying device:
736**
737** <ul>
738** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
739** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
740** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
741** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
742** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
743** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
744** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
750** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
751** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
752** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
753** </ul>
754**
755** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
756** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
757** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
758** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
759** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
760** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
761** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
762** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
763** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
764** to xWrite().
765**
766** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
767** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
768** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
769** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
770** database corruption.
771*/
772typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
773struct sqlite3_io_methods {
774  int iVersion;
775  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
776  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
777  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
778  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
779  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
780  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
781  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
782  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
783  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
784  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
785  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
786  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
787  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
788  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
789  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
790  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
791  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
792  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
793  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
794  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
795  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
796  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
797};
798
799/*
800** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
801** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
802**
803** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
804** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
805** interface.
806**
807** <ul>
808** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
809** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
810** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
811** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
812** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
813** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
814** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
815** compile-time option is used.
816**
817** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
818** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
819** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
820** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
821** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
822** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
823** file run faster.
824**
825** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
826** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
827** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
828** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
829** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
830** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
831** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
832** improve performance on some systems.
833**
834** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
835** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
836** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
837** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
838**
839** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
840** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
841** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
842** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
843** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
844**
845** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
846** No longer in use.
847**
848** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
849** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
850** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
851** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
852** because the user has configured SQLite with
853** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
854** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
855** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
856** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
857** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
858** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
859** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
860** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
861**
862** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
863** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
864** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
865** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
866** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
867** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
868** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
869**
870** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
871** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
872** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
873** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
874** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
875** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
876** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
877** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
878** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
879** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
880** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
881** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
882** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
883** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
884** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
885** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
886**
887** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
888** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
889** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
890** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
891** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
892** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
893** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
894** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
895** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
896** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
897** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
898** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
899** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
900** WAL persistence setting.
901**
902** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
903** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
904** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
905** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
906** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
907** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
908** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
909** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
910** zero-damage mode setting.
911**
912** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
913** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
914** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
915** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
916** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
917**
918** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
919** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
920** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
921** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
922** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
923** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
924** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
925** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
926** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
927** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
928** is intended for diagnostic use only.
929**
930** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
931** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
932** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
933** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
934** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
935** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
936** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
937** upper-most shim only.
938**
939** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
940** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
941** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
942** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
943** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
944** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
945** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
946** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
947** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
948** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
949** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
950** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
951** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
952** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
953** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
954** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
955** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
956** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
957** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
958** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
959** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
960** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
961** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
962** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
963**
964** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
965** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
966** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
967** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
968** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
969** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
970** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
971** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
972** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
973** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
974** current operation.
975**
976** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
977** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
978** to have SQLite generate a
979** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
980** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
981** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
982** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
983** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
984**
985** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
986** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
987** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
988** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
989** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
990** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
991** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
992** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
993** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
994**
995** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
996** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
997** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
998** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
999** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1000** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1001** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1002**
1003** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1004** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1005** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1006** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1007** was first opened.
1008**
1009** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1010** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1011** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1012** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1013** writes the resulting value there.
1014**
1015** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1016** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1017** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1018** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1019** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1020**
1021** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1022** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1023** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1024** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1025** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1026** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1027**
1028** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1029** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1030** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1031**
1032** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1033** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1034** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1035** this opcode.
1036**
1037** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1038** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1039** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1040** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1041** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1042** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1043** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1044** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1045** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1046** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1047** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1048** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1049**
1050** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1051** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1052** operations since the previous successful call to
1053** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1054** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1055** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1056** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1057** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1058** write operations are independent.
1059** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1060** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1061**
1062** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1063** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1064** operations since the previous successful call to
1065** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1066** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1067** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1068** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1069** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1070**
1071** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1072** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1073** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1074** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1075** unsigned integer parameter.
1076** </ul>
1077*/
1078#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1079#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1080#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1081#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1082#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1083#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1084#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1085#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1086#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1087#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1088#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1089#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1090#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1091#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1092#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1093#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1094#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1095#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1096#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1097#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1098#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1099#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1100#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1101#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1102#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1103#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1104#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1105#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1106#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1107#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1108#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1109#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1110#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1111
1112/* deprecated names */
1113#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1114#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1115#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1116
1117
1118/*
1119** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1120**
1121** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1122** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1123** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1124** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1125**
1126** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1127*/
1128typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1129
1130/*
1131** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1132**
1133** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1134** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1135** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1136** on some platforms.
1137*/
1138typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1139
1140/*
1141** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1142**
1143** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1144** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1145** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1146** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1147**
1148** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1149** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1150** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1151** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1152** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1153** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1154** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1155** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1156** Note that the structure
1157** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1158** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1159** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1160**
1161** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1162** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1163** a pathname in this VFS.
1164**
1165** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1166** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1167** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1168** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1169** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1170** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1171**
1172** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1173** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1174** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1175** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1176** object once the object has been registered.
1177**
1178** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1179** be unique across all VFS modules.
1180**
1181** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1182** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1183** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1184** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1185** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1186** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1187** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1188** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1189** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1190** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1191** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1192** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1193** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1194** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1195** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1196** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1197**
1198** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1199** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1200** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1201** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1202** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1203** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1204**
1205** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1206** call, depending on the object being opened:
1207**
1208** <ul>
1209** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1210** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1211** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1212** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1213** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1214** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1215** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1216** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1217** </ul>)^
1218**
1219** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1220** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1221** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1222** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1223** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1224** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1225** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1226** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1227**
1228** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1229**
1230** <ul>
1231** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1232** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1233** </ul>
1234**
1235** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1236** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1237** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1238** databases, and subjournals.
1239**
1240** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1241** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1242** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1243** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1244** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1245** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1246** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1247** for exclusive access.
1248**
1249** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1250** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1251** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1252** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1253** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1254** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1255** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1256** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1257** or failure of the xOpen call.
1258**
1259** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1260** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1261** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1262** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1263** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1264** directory.
1265**
1266** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1267** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1268** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1269** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1270** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1271** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1272**
1273** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1274** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1275** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1276** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1277** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1278** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1279** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1280** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1281** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1282** a floating point value.
1283** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1284** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1285** a 24-hour day).
1286** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1287** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1288** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1289** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1290**
1291** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1292** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1293** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1294** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1295** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1296** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1297** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1298** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1299** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1300** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1301** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1302*/
1303typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1304typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1305struct sqlite3_vfs {
1306  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1307  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1308  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1309  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1310  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1311  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1312  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1313               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1314  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1315  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1316  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1317  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1318  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1319  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1320  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1321  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1322  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1323  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1324  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1325  /*
1326  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1327  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1328  */
1329  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1330  /*
1331  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1332  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1333  */
1334  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1335  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1336  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1337  /*
1338  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1339  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1340  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1341  */
1342};
1343
1344/*
1345** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1346**
1347** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1348** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1349** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1350** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1351** simply checks whether the file exists.
1352** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1353** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1354** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1355** the directory).
1356** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1357** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1358** release of SQLite.
1359** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1360** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1361** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1362** SQLite.
1363*/
1364#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1365#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1366#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1367
1368/*
1369** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1370**
1371** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1372** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1373** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1374** xShmLock method:
1375**
1376** <ul>
1377** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1378** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1379** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1380** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1381** </ul>
1382**
1383** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1384** was given on the corresponding lock.
1385**
1386** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1387** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1388** and EXCLUSIVE.
1389*/
1390#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1391#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1392#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1393#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1394
1395/*
1396** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1397**
1398** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1399** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1400** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1401** lock outside of this range
1402*/
1403#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1404
1405
1406/*
1407** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1408**
1409** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1410** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1411** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1412** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1413** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1414** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1415**
1416** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1417** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1418** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1419** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1420** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1421** are harmless no-ops.)^
1422**
1423** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1424** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1425** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1426** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1427**
1428** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1429** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1430** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1431** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1432** sqlite3_shutdown().
1433**
1434** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1435** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1436** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1437**
1438** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1439** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1440** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1441** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1442**
1443** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1444** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1445** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1446** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1447** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1448** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1449** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1450** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1451** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1452** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1453** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1454** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1455** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1456** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1457**
1458** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1459** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1460** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1461** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1462** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1463** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1464** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1465**
1466** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1467** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1468** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1469** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1470** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1471** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1472** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1473** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1474** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1475** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1476** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1477** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1478** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1479** failure.
1480*/
1481int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1482int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1483int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1484int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1485
1486/*
1487** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1488**
1489** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1490** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1491** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1492** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1493** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1494**
1495** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1496** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1497** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1498**
1499** The sqlite3_config() interface
1500** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1501** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1502** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1503** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1504** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1505** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1506**
1507** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1508** [configuration option] that determines
1509** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1510** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1511** in the first argument.
1512**
1513** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1514** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1515** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1516*/
1517int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1518
1519/*
1520** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1521** METHOD: sqlite3
1522**
1523** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1524** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1525** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1526** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1527**
1528** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1529** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1530** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1531** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1532**
1533** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1534** the call is considered successful.
1535*/
1536int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1537
1538/*
1539** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1540**
1541** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1542** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1543**
1544** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1545** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1546** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1547** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1548** By creating an instance of this object
1549** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1550** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1551** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1552** dynamic memory needs.
1553**
1554** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1555** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1556** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1557** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1558** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1559** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1560** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1561** conditions.
1562**
1563** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1564** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1565** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1566** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1567**
1568** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1569** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1570** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1571**
1572** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1573** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1574** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1575** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1576** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1577** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1578** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1579**
1580** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1581** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1582** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1583** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1584** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1585** xInit and xShutdown.
1586**
1587** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1588** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1589** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1590** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1591** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1592** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1593** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1594** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1595** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1596** serialization.
1597**
1598** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1599** call to xShutdown().
1600*/
1601typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1602struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1603  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1604  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1605  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1606  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1607  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1608  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1609  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1610  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1611};
1612
1613/*
1614** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1615** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1616**
1617** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1618** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1619**
1620** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1621** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1622** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1623** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1624** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1625** is invoked.
1626**
1627** <dl>
1628** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1629** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1630** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1631** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1632** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1633** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1634** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1635** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1636** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1637** configuration option.</dd>
1638**
1639** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1640** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1641** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1642** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1643** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1644** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1645** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1646** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1647** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1648** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1649** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1650** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1651** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1652**
1653** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1654** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1655** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1656** all mutexes including the recursive
1657** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1658** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1659** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1660** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1661** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1662** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1663** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1664** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1665** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1666** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1667** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1668**
1669** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1670** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1671** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1672** The argument specifies
1673** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1674** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1675** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1676** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1677**
1678** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1679** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1680** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1681** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1682** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1683** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1684** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1685** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1686**
1687** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1688** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1689** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1690** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1691** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1692** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1693** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1694** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1695** </dd>
1696**
1697** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1698** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1699** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1700** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1701** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1702**   <ul>
1703**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1704**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1705**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1706**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1707**   </ul>)^
1708** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1709** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1710** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1711** </dd>
1712**
1713** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1714** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1715** </dd>
1716**
1717** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1718** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1719** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1720** cache implementation.
1721** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1722** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1723** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1724** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1725** and the number of cache lines (N).
1726** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1727** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1728** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1729** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1730** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1731** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1732** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1733** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1734** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1735** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1736** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1737** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1738** is exhausted.
1739** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1740** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1741** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1742** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1743** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1744** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1745** additional cache line. </dd>
1746**
1747** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1748** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1749** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1750** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1751** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1752** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1753** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1754** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1755** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1756** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1757** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1758** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1759** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1760** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1761** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1762** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1763** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1764** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1765** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1766**
1767** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1768** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1769** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1770** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1771** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1772** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1773** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1774** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1775** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1776** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1777** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1778**
1779** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1780** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1781** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1782** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1783** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1784** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1785** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1786** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1787** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1788** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1789** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1790** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1791**
1792** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1793** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1794** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1795** The first argument is the
1796** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1797** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1798** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1799** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1800** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1801**
1802** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1803** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1804** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1805** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1806** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1807**
1808** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1809** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1810** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1811** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1812**
1813** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1814** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1815** global [error log].
1816** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1817** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1818** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1819** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1820** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1821** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1822** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1823** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1824** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1825** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1826** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1827** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1828** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1829** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1830** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1831** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1832**
1833** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1834** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1835** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1836** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1837** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1838** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1839** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1840** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1841** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1842** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1843** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1844** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1845** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1846**
1847** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1848** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1849** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1850** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1851** ^The default setting is determined
1852** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1853** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1854** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1855** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1856** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1857** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1858** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1859**
1860** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1861** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1862** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1863** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1864** </dd>
1865**
1866** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1867** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1868** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1869** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1870** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1871** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1872** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1873** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1874** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1875** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1876** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1877** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1878** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1879** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1880** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1881** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1882**
1883** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1884** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1885** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1886** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1887** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1888** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1889** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1890** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1891** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1892** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1893** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1894** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1895** changed to its compile-time default.
1896**
1897** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1898** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1899** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1900** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1901** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1902** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1903**
1904** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1905** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1906** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1907** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1908** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1909** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1910** target platform, and SQLite version.
1911**
1912** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1913** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1914** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1915** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1916** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1917** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1918** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1919** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1920** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1921** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1922**
1923** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1924** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1925** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1926** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1927** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1928** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1929** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1930** exclusively in memory.
1931** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1932** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1933** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1934** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1935** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1936**
1937** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1938** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1939** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1940** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1941** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1942** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1943** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1944** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1945** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1946** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1947** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1948** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1949** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1950** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1951** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1952** </dl>
1953*/
1954#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1955#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1956#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1957#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1958#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1959#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1960#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1961#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1962#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1963#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1964#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1965/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1966#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1967#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1968#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1969#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1970#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1971#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1972#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1973#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1974#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1975#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1976#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1977#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1978#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1979#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1980#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
1981#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
1982
1983/*
1984** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1985**
1986** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1987** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1988**
1989** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1990** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1991** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1992** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1993** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1994** is invoked.
1995**
1996** <dl>
1997** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1998** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1999** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2000** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2001** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2002** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2003** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2004** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2005** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2006** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2007** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2008** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2009** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2010** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2011** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2012** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2013** when the "current value" returned by
2014** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2015** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2016** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2017** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2018**
2019** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2020** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2021** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2022** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2023** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2024** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2025** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2026** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2027** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2028**
2029** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2030** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2031** There should be two additional arguments.
2032** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2033** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2034** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2035** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2036** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2037** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2038**
2039** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2040** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2041** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2042** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2043** There should be two additional arguments.
2044** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2045** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2046** unchanged.
2047** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2048** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2049** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2050** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2051**
2052** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2053** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2054** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2055** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2056** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2057** There should be two additional arguments.
2058** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2059** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2060** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2061** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2062** C-API or the SQL function.
2063** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2064** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2065** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2066** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2067** </dd>
2068**
2069** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2070** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2071** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2072** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2073** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2074** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2075** until after the database connection closes.
2076** </dd>
2077**
2078** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2079** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2080** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2081** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2082** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2083** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2084** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2085** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2086** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2087** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2088** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2089** </dd>
2090**
2091** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2092** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2093** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2094** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2095** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2096** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2097** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2098** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2099** was used during testing in the lab.
2100** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2101** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2102** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2103** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2104** following this call.
2105** </dd>
2106**
2107** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2108** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2109** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2110** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2111** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2112** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2113** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2114** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2115** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2116** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2117** </dd>
2118**
2119** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2120** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2121** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2122** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2123** a badly corrupted database file:
2124** <ol>
2125** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2126**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2127**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2128**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2129**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2130**      the reset.
2131** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2132** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2133** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2134** </ol>
2135** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2136** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2137** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2138** </dd>
2139** </dl>
2140*/
2141#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2142#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2143#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2144#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2145#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2146#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2147#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2148#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2149#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2150#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2151#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1009 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2152
2153/*
2154** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2155** METHOD: sqlite3
2156**
2157** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2158** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2159** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2160*/
2161int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2162
2163/*
2164** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2165** METHOD: sqlite3
2166**
2167** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2168** has a unique 64-bit signed
2169** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2170** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2171** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2172** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2173** is another alias for the rowid.
2174**
2175** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2176** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2177** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2178** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2179** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2180** zero.
2181**
2182** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2183** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2184** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2185**
2186** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2187** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2188** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2189** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2190** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2191** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2192** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2193** control to the user.
2194**
2195** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2196** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2197** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2198** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2199**
2200** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2201** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2202** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2203** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2204** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2205** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2206** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2207** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2208** the return value of this interface.)^
2209**
2210** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2211** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2212**
2213** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2214** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2215**
2216** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2217** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2218** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2219** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2220** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2221** last insert [rowid].
2222*/
2223sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2224
2225/*
2226** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2227** METHOD: sqlite3
2228**
2229** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2230** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2231** without inserting a row into the database.
2232*/
2233void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2234
2235/*
2236** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2237** METHOD: sqlite3
2238**
2239** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2240** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2241** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2242** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2243** returned by this function.
2244**
2245** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2246** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2247** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2248**
2249** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2250** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2251** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2252** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2253** tables are counted.
2254**
2255** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2256** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2257** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2258** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2259**
2260** <ul>
2261**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2262**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2263**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2264**
2265**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2266**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2267**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2268**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2269**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2270** </ul>
2271**
2272** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2273** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2274** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2275** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2276** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2277** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2278**
2279** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2280** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2281**
2282** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2283** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2284** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2285*/
2286int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2287
2288/*
2289** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2290** METHOD: sqlite3
2291**
2292** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2293** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2294** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2295** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2296** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2297**
2298** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2299** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2300** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2301** are not counted.
2302**
2303** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2304** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2305**
2306** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2307** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2308** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2309*/
2310int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2311
2312/*
2313** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2314** METHOD: sqlite3
2315**
2316** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2317** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2318** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2319** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2320** immediately.
2321**
2322** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2323** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2324** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2325** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2326**
2327** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2328** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2329** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2330**
2331** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2332** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2333** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2334** will be rolled back automatically.
2335**
2336** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2337** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2338** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2339** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2340** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2341** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2342** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2343** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2344** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2345** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2346*/
2347void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2348
2349/*
2350** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2351**
2352** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2353** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2354** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2355** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2356** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2357** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2358** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2359** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2360** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2361** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2362** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2363**
2364** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2365** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2366**
2367** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2368** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2369**
2370** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2371** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2372** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2373** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2374** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2375**
2376** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2377** UTF-8 string.
2378**
2379** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2380** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2381*/
2382int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2383int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2384
2385/*
2386** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2387** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2388** METHOD: sqlite3
2389**
2390** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2391** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2392** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2393** [database connection] D when another thread
2394** or process has the table locked.
2395** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2396** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2397**
2398** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2399** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2400** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2401**
2402** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2403** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2404** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2405** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2406** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2407** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2408** to the application.
2409** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2410** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2411**
2412** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2413** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2414** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2415** to the application instead of invoking the
2416** busy handler.
2417** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2418** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2419** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2420** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2421** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2422** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2423** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2424** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2425** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2426** the second process to proceed.
2427**
2428** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2429**
2430** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2431** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2432** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2433** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2434** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2435**
2436** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2437** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2438** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2439** result in undefined behavior.
2440**
2441** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2442** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2443*/
2444int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2445
2446/*
2447** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2448** METHOD: sqlite3
2449**
2450** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2451** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2452** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2453** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2454** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2455** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2456**
2457** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2458** turns off all busy handlers.
2459**
2460** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2461** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2462** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2463** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2464**
2465** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2466*/
2467int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2468
2469/*
2470** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2471** METHOD: sqlite3
2472**
2473** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2474** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2475**
2476** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2477** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2478** complete query results from one or more queries.
2479**
2480** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2481** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2482** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2483** and M be the number of columns.
2484**
2485** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2486** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2487** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2488** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2489** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2490** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2491**
2492** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2493** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2494** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2495**
2496** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2497** is as follows:
2498**
2499** <blockquote><pre>
2500**        Name        | Age
2501**        -----------------------
2502**        Alice       | 43
2503**        Bob         | 28
2504**        Cindy       | 21
2505** </pre></blockquote>
2506**
2507** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2508** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2509** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2510**
2511** <blockquote><pre>
2512**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2513**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2514**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2515**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2516**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2517**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2518**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2519**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2520** </pre></blockquote>)^
2521**
2522** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2523** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2524** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2525** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2526**
2527** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2528** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2529** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2530** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2531** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2532** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2533**
2534** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2535** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2536** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2537** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2538** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2539** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2540** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2541*/
2542int sqlite3_get_table(
2543  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2544  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2545  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2546  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2547  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2548  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2549);
2550void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2551
2552/*
2553** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2554**
2555** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2556** from the standard C library.
2557** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2558** the standard library printf()
2559** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2560** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2561**
2562** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2563** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2564** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2565** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2566** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2567** memory to hold the resulting string.
2568**
2569** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2570** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2571** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2572** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2573** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2574** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2575** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2576** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2577** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2578** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2579** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2580** now without breaking compatibility.
2581**
2582** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2583** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2584** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2585** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2586** written will be n-1 characters.
2587**
2588** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2589**
2590** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2591*/
2592char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2593char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2594char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2595char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2596
2597/*
2598** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2599**
2600** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2601** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2602** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2603** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2604**
2605** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2606** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2607** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2608** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2609** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2610** a NULL pointer.
2611**
2612** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2613** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2614** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2615**
2616** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2617** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2618** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2619** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2620** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2621** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2622** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2623** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2624** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2625** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2626**
2627** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2628** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2629** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2630** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2631** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2632** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2633** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2634** sqlite3_free(X).
2635** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2636** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2637** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2638** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2639** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2640** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2641** prior allocation is not freed.
2642**
2643** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2644** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2645** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2646**
2647** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2648** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2649** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2650** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2651** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2652** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2653** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2654** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2655** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2656**
2657** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2658** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2659** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2660** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2661** option is used.
2662**
2663** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2664** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2665** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2666** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2667**
2668** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2669** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2670** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2671** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2672** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2673** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2674** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2675**
2676** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2677** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2678** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2679** not yet been released.
2680**
2681** The application must not read or write any part of
2682** a block of memory after it has been released using
2683** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2684*/
2685void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2686void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2687void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2688void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2689void sqlite3_free(void*);
2690sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2691
2692/*
2693** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2694**
2695** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2696** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2697** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2698**
2699** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2700** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2701** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2702** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2703** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2704** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2705** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2706** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2707** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2708**
2709** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2710** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2711** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2712** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2713** prior to the reset.
2714*/
2715sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2716sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2717
2718/*
2719** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2720**
2721** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2722** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2723** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2724** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2725** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2726**
2727** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2728** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2729**
2730** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2731** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2732** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2733** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2734** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2735** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2736** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2737** method.
2738*/
2739void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2740
2741/*
2742** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2743** METHOD: sqlite3
2744** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2745**
2746** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2747** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2748** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2749** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2750** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2751** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2752** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2753** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2754** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2755** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2756** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2757** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2758** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2759** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2760** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2761** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2762**
2763** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2764** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2765** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2766** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2767** access is denied.
2768**
2769** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2770** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2771** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2772** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2773** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2774** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2775** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2776** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2777**
2778** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2779** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2780** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2781** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2782** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2783** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2784** columns of a table.
2785** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2786** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2787** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2788** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2789** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2790** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2791** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2792**
2793** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2794** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2795** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2796** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2797** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2798** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2799** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2800** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2801** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2802** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2803**
2804** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2805** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2806** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2807** in addition to using an authorizer.
2808**
2809** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2810** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2811** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2812** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2813**
2814** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2815** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2816** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2817** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2818**
2819** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2820** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2821** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2822** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2823**
2824** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2825** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2826** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2827** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2828** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2829*/
2830int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2831  sqlite3*,
2832  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2833  void *pUserData
2834);
2835
2836/*
2837** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2838**
2839** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2840** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2841** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2842** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2843** information.
2844**
2845** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2846** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2847*/
2848#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2849#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2850
2851/*
2852** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2853**
2854** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2855** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2856** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2857** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2858** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2859**
2860** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2861** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2862** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2863** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2864** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2865** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2866** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2867** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2868** top-level SQL code.
2869*/
2870/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2871#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2872#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2873#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2874#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2875#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2876#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2877#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2878#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2879#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2880#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2881#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2882#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2883#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2884#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2885#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2886#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2887#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2888#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2889#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2890#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2891#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2892#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2893#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2894#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2895#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2896#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2897#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2898#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2899#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2900#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2901#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2902#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2903#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2904#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2905
2906/*
2907** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2908** METHOD: sqlite3
2909**
2910** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2911** instead of the routines described here.
2912**
2913** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2914** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2915**
2916** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2917** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2918** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2919** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2920** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2921** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2922** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2923**
2924** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2925** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2926**
2927** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2928** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2929** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2930** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2931** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2932** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2933** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2934** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2935** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2936** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2937*/
2938SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2939   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2940SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2941   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2942
2943/*
2944** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2945** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2946**
2947** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2948** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
2949** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2950** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2951** is one of the following constants.
2952**
2953** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2954**
2955** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2956** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2957** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2958** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2959** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2960**
2961** <dl>
2962** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2963** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2964** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2965** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2966** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2967** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2968** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2969** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2970** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2971** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2972** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2973**
2974** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2975** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2976** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2977** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2978** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2979** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2980** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2981**
2982** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2983** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2984** statement generates a single row of result.
2985** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2986** X argument is unused.
2987**
2988** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2989** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2990** connection closes.
2991** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2992** and the X argument is unused.
2993** </dl>
2994*/
2995#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2996#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2997#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2998#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2999
3000/*
3001** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3002** METHOD: sqlite3
3003**
3004** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3005** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3006** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3007** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3008** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3009** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3010**
3011** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3012** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3013**
3014** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3015** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3016** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3017** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3018**
3019** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3020** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3021** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3022** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3023** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3024**
3025** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3026** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3027** are deprecated.
3028*/
3029int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3030  sqlite3*,
3031  unsigned uMask,
3032  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3033  void *pCtx
3034);
3035
3036/*
3037** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3038** METHOD: sqlite3
3039**
3040** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3041** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3042** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3043** database connection D.  An example use for this
3044** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3045**
3046** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3047** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3048** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3049** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3050** handler is disabled.
3051**
3052** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3053** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3054** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3055** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3056** than 1.
3057**
3058** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3059** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3060** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3061**
3062** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3063** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3064** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3065** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3066**
3067*/
3068void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3069
3070/*
3071** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3072** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3073**
3074** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3075** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3076** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3077** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3078** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3079** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3080** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3081** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3082** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3083** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3084** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3085** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3086**
3087** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3088** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3089** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3090**
3091** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3092** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3093** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3094**
3095** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3096** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3097** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3098** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3099** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3100** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3101** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3102**
3103** <dl>
3104** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3105** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3106** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3107**
3108** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3109** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3110** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3111** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3112**
3113** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3114** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3115** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3116** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3117** </dl>
3118**
3119** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3120** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3121** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3122** then the behavior is undefined.
3123**
3124** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3125** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3126** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3127** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3128** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3129** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3130** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3131** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3132** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3133** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3134** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3135**
3136** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3137** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3138** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3139** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3140**
3141** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3142** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3143** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3144** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3145** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3146** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3147** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3148**
3149** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3150** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3151** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3152**
3153** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3154**
3155** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3156** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3157** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3158** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3159** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3160** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3161** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3162** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3163** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3164** information.
3165**
3166** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3167** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3168** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3169** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3170** present, is ignored.
3171**
3172** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3173** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3174** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3175** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3176** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3177** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3178** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3179**
3180** [[core URI query parameters]]
3181** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3182** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3183** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3184** following query parameters:
3185**
3186** <ul>
3187**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3188**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3189**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3190**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3191**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3192**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3193**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3194**
3195**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3196**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3197**     an error)^.
3198**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3199**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3200**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3201**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3202**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3203**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3204**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3205**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3206**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3207**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3208**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3209**
3210**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3211**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3212**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3213**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3214**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3215**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3216**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3217**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3218**
3219**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3220**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3221**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3222**
3223**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3224**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3225**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3226**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3227**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3228**     processes uses nolock=1.
3229**
3230**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3231**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3232**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3233**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3234**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3235**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3236**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3237**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3238**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3239**
3240** </ul>
3241**
3242** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3243** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3244** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3245** additional information.
3246**
3247** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3248**
3249** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3250** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3251** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3252**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3253** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3254**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3255**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3256**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3257** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3258**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3259** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3260**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3261**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3262**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3263**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3264**          in URI filenames.
3265** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3266**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3267**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3268**          default, use a private cache.
3269** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3270**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3271**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3272** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3273**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3274** </table>
3275**
3276** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3277** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3278** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3279** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3280** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3281** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3282** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3283** the results are undefined.
3284**
3285** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3286** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3287** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3288** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3289** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3290**
3291** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3292** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3293** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3294**
3295** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3296*/
3297int sqlite3_open(
3298  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3299  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3300);
3301int sqlite3_open16(
3302  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3303  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3304);
3305int sqlite3_open_v2(
3306  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3307  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3308  int flags,              /* Flags */
3309  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3310);
3311
3312/*
3313** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3314**
3315** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3316** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3317** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3318**
3319** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3320** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3321** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3322** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3323** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3324** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3325** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3326** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3327** a pointer to an empty string.
3328**
3329** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3330** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3331** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3332** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3333** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3334** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3335** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3336** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3337** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3338** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3339**
3340** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3341** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3342** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3343** zero is returned.
3344**
3345** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3346** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3347** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3348** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3349** undesirable.
3350*/
3351const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3352int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3353sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3354
3355
3356/*
3357** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3358** METHOD: sqlite3
3359**
3360** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3361** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3362** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3363** API call.
3364** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3365** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3366** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3367** disabled.
3368**
3369** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3370** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3371** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3372** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3373** interfaces are:
3374**
3375** <ul>
3376** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3377** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3378** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3379** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3380** </ul>
3381**
3382** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3383** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3384** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3385** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3386** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3387** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3388**
3389** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3390** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3391** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3392** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3393**
3394** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3395** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3396** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3397** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3398** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3399** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3400** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3401** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3402** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3403**
3404** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3405** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3406** error code and message may or may not be set.
3407*/
3408int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3409int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3410const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3411const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3412const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3413
3414/*
3415** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3416** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3417**
3418** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3419** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3420**
3421** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3422** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3423** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3424** prepared statement before it can be run.
3425**
3426** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3427**
3428** <ol>
3429** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3430** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3431**      interfaces.
3432** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3433** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3434**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3435** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3436** </ol>
3437*/
3438typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3439
3440/*
3441** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3442** METHOD: sqlite3
3443**
3444** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3445** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3446** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3447** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3448** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3449** new limit for that construct.)^
3450**
3451** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3452** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3453** [limits | hard upper bound]
3454** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3455** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3456** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3457** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3458** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3459**
3460** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3461** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3462** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3463** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3464**
3465** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3466** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3467** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3468** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3469** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3470** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3471** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3472** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3473** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3474** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3475** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3476** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3477**
3478** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3479*/
3480int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3481
3482/*
3483** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3484** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3485**
3486** These constants define various performance limits
3487** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3488** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3489** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3490**
3491** <dl>
3492** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3493** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3494**
3495** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3496** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3497**
3498** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3499** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3500** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3501** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3502**
3503** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3504** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3505**
3506** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3507** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3508**
3509** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3510** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3511** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3512** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3513** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3514**
3515** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3516** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3517**
3518** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3519** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3520**
3521** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3522** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3523** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3524** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3525**
3526** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3527** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3528** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3529**
3530** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3531** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3532**
3533** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3534** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3535** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3536** </dl>
3537*/
3538#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3539#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3540#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3541#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3542#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3543#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3544#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3545#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3546#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3547#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3548#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3549#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3550
3551/*
3552** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3553**
3554** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3555** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3556** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3557**
3558** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3559**
3560** <dl>
3561** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3562** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3563** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3564** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3565** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3566** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3567** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3568** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3569** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3570** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3571** </dl>
3572*/
3573#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3574
3575/*
3576** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3577** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3578** METHOD: sqlite3
3579** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3580**
3581** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3582** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3583** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3584**
3585** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3586** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3587** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3588** for special purposes.
3589**
3590** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3591** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3592** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3593** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3594**
3595** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3596** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3597** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3598**
3599** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3600** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3601** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3602** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3603** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3604**
3605** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3606** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3607** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3608** statement is generated.
3609** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3610** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3611** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3612** the nul-terminator.
3613**
3614** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3615** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3616** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3617** what remains uncompiled.
3618**
3619** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3620** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3621** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3622** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3623** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3624** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3625** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3626**
3627** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3628** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3629**
3630** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3631** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3632** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3633** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3634** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3635** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3636** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3637** behave differently in three ways:
3638**
3639** <ol>
3640** <li>
3641** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3642** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3643** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3644** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3645** </li>
3646**
3647** <li>
3648** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3649** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3650** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3651** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3652** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3653** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3654** </li>
3655**
3656** <li>
3657** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3658** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3659** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3660** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3661** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3662** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3663** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3664** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3665** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3666** </li>
3667** </ol>
3668**
3669** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3670** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3671** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3672** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3673** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3674*/
3675int sqlite3_prepare(
3676  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3677  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3678  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3679  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3680  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3681);
3682int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3683  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3684  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3685  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3686  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3687  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3688);
3689int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3690  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3691  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3692  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3693  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3694  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3695  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3696);
3697int sqlite3_prepare16(
3698  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3699  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3700  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3701  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3702  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3703);
3704int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3705  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3706  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3707  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3708  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3709  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3710);
3711int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3712  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3713  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3714  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3715  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3716  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3717  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3718);
3719
3720/*
3721** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3722** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3723**
3724** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3725** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3726** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3727** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3728** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3729** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3730** [bound parameters] expanded.
3731**
3732** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3733** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3734** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3735** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3736** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3737**
3738** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3739** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3740** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3741**
3742** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3743** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3744** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3745**
3746** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3747** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3748** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3749** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3750** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3751*/
3752const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3753char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3754
3755/*
3756** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3757** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3758**
3759** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3760** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3761** the content of the database file.
3762**
3763** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3764** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3765** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3766** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3767** change the database file through side-effects:
3768**
3769** <blockquote><pre>
3770**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3771** </pre></blockquote>
3772**
3773** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3774** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3775**
3776** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3777** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3778** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3779** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3780** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3781** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3782** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3783** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3784** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3785** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3786** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3787** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3788*/
3789int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3790
3791/*
3792** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3793** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3794**
3795** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3796** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3797** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3798** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3799** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3800** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3801** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3802** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3803**
3804** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3805** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3806** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3807** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3808** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3809*/
3810int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3811
3812/*
3813** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3814** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3815**
3816** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3817** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3818** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3819** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3820**
3821** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3822** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3823** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3824** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3825** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3826** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3827** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3828**
3829** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3830** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3831** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3832** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3833** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3834** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3835** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3836** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3837** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3838** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3839** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3840** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3841**
3842** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3843** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3844** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3845** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3846** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3847** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3848** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3849** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3850** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3851*/
3852typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3853
3854/*
3855** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3856**
3857** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3858** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3859** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3860** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3861** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3862** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3863** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3864** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3865*/
3866typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3867
3868/*
3869** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3870** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3871** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3872** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3873**
3874** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3875** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3876** templates:
3877**
3878** <ul>
3879** <li>  ?
3880** <li>  ?NNN
3881** <li>  :VVV
3882** <li>  @VVV
3883** <li>  $VVV
3884** </ul>
3885**
3886** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3887** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3888** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3889** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3890**
3891** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3892** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3893** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3894**
3895** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3896** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3897** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3898** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3899** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3900** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3901** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3902** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3903** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3904**
3905** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3906** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3907** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3908** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3909**
3910** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3911** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3912** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3913** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3914** is negative, then the length of the string is
3915** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3916** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3917** the behavior is undefined.
3918** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3919** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3920** that parameter must be the byte offset
3921** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3922** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3923** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3924** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3925** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3926**
3927** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3928** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3929** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3930** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3931** ^If the fifth argument is
3932** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3933** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3934** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3935** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3936** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3937**
3938** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3939** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3940** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3941** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3942** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3943** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3944** is undefined.
3945**
3946** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3947** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3948** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3949** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3950** content is later written using
3951** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3952** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3953**
3954** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
3955** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
3956** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
3957** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
3958** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
3959** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
3960** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
3961** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
3962**
3963** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3964** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3965** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3966** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3967** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3968** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3969**
3970** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3971** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3972**
3973** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3974** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3975** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3976** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3977** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3978** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3979** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3980**
3981** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3982** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3983*/
3984int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3985int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3986                        void(*)(void*));
3987int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3988int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3989int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3990int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3991int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3992int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3993int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3994                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3995int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3996int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
3997int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3998int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3999
4000/*
4001** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4002** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4003**
4004** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4005** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4006** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4007** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4008** to the parameters at a later time.
4009**
4010** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4011** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4012** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4013** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4014**
4015** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4016** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4017** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4018*/
4019int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4020
4021/*
4022** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4023** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4024**
4025** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4026** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4027** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4028** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4029** respectively.
4030** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4031** is included as part of the name.)^
4032** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4033** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4034**
4035** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4036**
4037** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4038** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4039** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4040** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4041** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4042**
4043** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4044** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4045** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4046*/
4047const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4048
4049/*
4050** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4051** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4052**
4053** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4054** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4055** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4056** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4057** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4058** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4059** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4060**
4061** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4062** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4063** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4064*/
4065int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4066
4067/*
4068** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4069** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4070**
4071** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4072** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4073** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4074*/
4075int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4076
4077/*
4078** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4079** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4080**
4081** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4082** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4083** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4084** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4085** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4086** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4087** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4088**
4089** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4090*/
4091int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4092
4093/*
4094** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4095** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4096**
4097** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4098** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4099** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4100** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4101** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4102** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4103** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4104**
4105** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4106** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4107** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4108** or until the next call to
4109** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4110**
4111** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4112** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4113** NULL pointer is returned.
4114**
4115** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4116** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4117** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4118** one release of SQLite to the next.
4119*/
4120const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4121const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4122
4123/*
4124** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4125** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4126**
4127** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4128** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4129** [SELECT] statement.
4130** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4131** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4132** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4133** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4134** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4135** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4136** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4137** or until the same information is requested
4138** again in a different encoding.
4139**
4140** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4141** database, table, and column.
4142**
4143** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4144** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4145** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4146** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4147**
4148** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4149** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4150** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4151** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4152** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4153**
4154** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4155** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4156**
4157** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4158** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4159**
4160** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4161** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4162** undefined.
4163**
4164** If two or more threads call one or more
4165** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4166** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4167** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4168*/
4169const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4170const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4171const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4172const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4173const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4174const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4175
4176/*
4177** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4178** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4179**
4180** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4181** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4182** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4183** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4184** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4185** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4186** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4187**
4188** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4189**
4190** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4191**
4192** and the following statement to be compiled:
4193**
4194** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4195**
4196** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4197** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4198**
4199** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4200** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4201** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4202** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4203** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4204** used to hold those values.
4205*/
4206const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4207const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4208
4209/*
4210** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4211** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4212**
4213** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4214** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4215** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4216** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4217** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4218**
4219** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4220** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4221** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4222** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4223** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4224** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4225** interface will continue to be supported.
4226**
4227** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4228** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4229** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4230** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4231**
4232** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4233** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4234** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4235** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4236** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4237** continuing.
4238**
4239** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4240** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4241** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4242** machine back to its initial state.
4243**
4244** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4245** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4246** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4247** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4248**
4249** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4250** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4251** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4252** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4253** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4254** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4255** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4256** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4257**
4258** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4259** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4260** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4261** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4262** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4263** more threads at the same moment in time.
4264**
4265** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4266** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4267** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4268** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4269** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4270** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4271** sqlite3_step() began
4272** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4273** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4274** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4275** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4276** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4277**
4278** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4279** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4280** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4281** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4282** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4283** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4284** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4285** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4286** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4287** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4288** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4289** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4290*/
4291int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4292
4293/*
4294** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4295** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4296**
4297** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4298** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4299** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4300** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4301** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4302** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4303** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4304** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4305** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4306** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4307** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4308** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4309**
4310** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4311*/
4312int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4313
4314/*
4315** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4316** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4317**
4318** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4319**
4320** <ul>
4321** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4322** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4323** <li> string
4324** <li> BLOB
4325** <li> NULL
4326** </ul>)^
4327**
4328** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4329**
4330** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4331** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4332** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4333** SQLITE_TEXT.
4334*/
4335#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4336#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4337#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4338#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4339#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4340# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4341#else
4342# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4343#endif
4344#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4345
4346/*
4347** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4348** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4349** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4350**
4351** <b>Summary:</b>
4352** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4353** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4354** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4355** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4356** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4357** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4358** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4359** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4360** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4361** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4362** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4363** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4364** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4365** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4366** TEXT in bytes
4367** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4368** datatype of the result
4369** </table></blockquote>
4370**
4371** <b>Details:</b>
4372**
4373** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4374** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4375** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4376** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4377** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4378** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4379** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4380** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4381**
4382** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4383** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4384** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4385** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4386** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4387** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4388** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4389** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4390** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4391** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4392** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4393**
4394** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4395** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4396** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4397** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4398** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4399**
4400** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4401** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4402** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4403** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4404** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4405** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4406** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4407** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4408** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4409** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4410** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4411** following a type conversion.
4412**
4413** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4414** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4415** of that BLOB or string.
4416**
4417** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4418** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4419** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4420** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4421** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4422** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4423** the number of bytes in that string.
4424** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4425**
4426** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4427** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4428** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4429** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4430** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4431** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4432** the number of bytes in that string.
4433** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4434**
4435** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4436** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4437** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4438** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4439** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4440**
4441** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4442** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4443** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4444**
4445** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4446** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4447** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4448** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4449** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4450** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4451** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4452** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4453** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4454** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4455** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4456** top-level application code.
4457**
4458** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4459** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4460** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4461** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4462** that are applied:
4463**
4464** <blockquote>
4465** <table border="1">
4466** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4467**
4468** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4469** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4470** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4471** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4472** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4473** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4474** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4475** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4476** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4477** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4478** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4479** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4480** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4481** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4482** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4483** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4484** </table>
4485** </blockquote>)^
4486**
4487** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4488** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4489** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4490** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4491** in the following cases:
4492**
4493** <ul>
4494** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4495**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4496**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4497** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4498**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4499**      to UTF-16.</li>
4500** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4501**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4502**      to UTF-8.</li>
4503** </ul>
4504**
4505** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4506** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4507** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4508** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4509** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4510**
4511** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4512** in one of the following ways:
4513**
4514** <ul>
4515**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4516**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4517**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4518** </ul>
4519**
4520** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4521** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4522** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4523** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4524** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4525** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4526** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4527**
4528** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4529** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4530** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4531** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4532** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4533** [sqlite3_free()].
4534**
4535** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4536** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4537** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4538** errors:
4539**
4540** <ul>
4541** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4542** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4543** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4544** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4545** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4546** </ul>
4547**
4548** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4549** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4550** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4551** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4552** return value is obtained and before any
4553** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4554*/
4555const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4556double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4557int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4558sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4559const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4560const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4561sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4562int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4563int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4564int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4565
4566/*
4567** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4568** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4569**
4570** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4571** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4572** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4573** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4574** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4575** [extended error code].
4576**
4577** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4578** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4579** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4580** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4581** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4582** completed execution.
4583**
4584** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4585**
4586** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4587** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4588** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4589** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4590** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4591*/
4592int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4593
4594/*
4595** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4596** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4597**
4598** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4599** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4600** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4601** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4602** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4603**
4604** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4605** back to the beginning of its program.
4606**
4607** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4608** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4609** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4610** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4611**
4612** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4613** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4614** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4615**
4616** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4617** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4618*/
4619int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4620
4621/*
4622** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4623** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4624** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4625** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4626** METHOD: sqlite3
4627**
4628** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4629** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4630** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
4631** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
4632** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
4633** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4634** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
4635** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
4636** needed by [aggregate window functions].
4637**
4638** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4639** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4640** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4641** to each database connection separately.
4642**
4643** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4644** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4645** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4646** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4647** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4648** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4649**
4650** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4651** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4652** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4653** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4654** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4655** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4656** undefined.
4657**
4658** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4659** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4660** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4661** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4662** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4663** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4664** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4665** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4666** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4667** each encoding.
4668** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4669** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4670**
4671** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4672** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4673** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4674** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4675** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4676** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4677** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4678**
4679** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4680** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4681**
4682** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
4683** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4684** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4685** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4686** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4687** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4688** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4689** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4690** callbacks.
4691**
4692** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
4693** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
4694** C-lanugage callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
4695** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
4696** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
4697** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
4698** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
4699** of aggregate window functions are
4700** [user-defined window functions|available here].
4701**
4702** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
4703** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
4704** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
4705** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
4706** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4707** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
4708** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
4709** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4710**
4711** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4712** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4713** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4714** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4715** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4716** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4717** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4718** matches the database encoding is a better
4719** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4720** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4721** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4722** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4723**
4724** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4725**
4726** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4727** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4728** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4729** statement in which the function is running.
4730*/
4731int sqlite3_create_function(
4732  sqlite3 *db,
4733  const char *zFunctionName,
4734  int nArg,
4735  int eTextRep,
4736  void *pApp,
4737  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4738  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4739  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4740);
4741int sqlite3_create_function16(
4742  sqlite3 *db,
4743  const void *zFunctionName,
4744  int nArg,
4745  int eTextRep,
4746  void *pApp,
4747  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4748  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4749  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4750);
4751int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4752  sqlite3 *db,
4753  const char *zFunctionName,
4754  int nArg,
4755  int eTextRep,
4756  void *pApp,
4757  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4758  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4759  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4760  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4761);
4762int sqlite3_create_window_function(
4763  sqlite3 *db,
4764  const char *zFunctionName,
4765  int nArg,
4766  int eTextRep,
4767  void *pApp,
4768  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4769  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4770  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
4771  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4772  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4773);
4774
4775/*
4776** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4777**
4778** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4779** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4780*/
4781#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4782#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4783#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4784#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4785#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4786#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4787
4788/*
4789** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4790**
4791** These constants may be ORed together with the
4792** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4793** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4794** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4795*/
4796#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4797
4798/*
4799** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4800** DEPRECATED
4801**
4802** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4803** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4804** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4805** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4806** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4807*/
4808#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4809SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4810SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4811SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4812SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4813SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4814SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4815                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4816#endif
4817
4818/*
4819** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4820** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4821**
4822** <b>Summary:</b>
4823** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4824** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4825** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4826** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4827** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4828** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4829** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4830** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4831** the native byteorder
4832** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4833** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4834** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4835** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4836** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4837** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4838** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4839** TEXT in bytes
4840** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4841** datatype of the value
4842** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4843** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4844** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4845** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4846** against a virtual table.
4847** </table></blockquote>
4848**
4849** <b>Details:</b>
4850**
4851** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4852** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4853** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4854** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4855**
4856** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4857** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4858** is not threadsafe.
4859**
4860** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4861** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4862** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4863**
4864** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4865** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4866** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4867** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4868**
4869** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4870** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4871** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4872** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4873** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4874** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4875**
4876** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4877** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4878** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4879** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4880** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4881** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4882** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4883** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4884** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4885** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4886**
4887** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4888** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4889** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4890** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4891** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4892** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4893** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4894**
4895** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
4896** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
4897** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
4898** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
4899** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
4900** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
4901** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
4902** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
4903** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
4904** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
4905** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
4906** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
4907**
4908** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4909** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4910** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4911** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4912** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4913**
4914** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4915** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4916**
4917** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
4918** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4919** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4920** errors:
4921**
4922** <ul>
4923** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
4924** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
4925** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
4926** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
4927** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
4928** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
4929** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
4930** </ul>
4931**
4932** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4933** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4934** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4935** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4936** return value is obtained and before any
4937** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4938*/
4939const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4940double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4941int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4942sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4943void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
4944const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4945const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4946const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4947const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4948int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4949int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4950int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4951int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4952int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
4953
4954/*
4955** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4956** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4957**
4958** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4959** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4960** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4961** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4962** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4963*/
4964unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4965
4966/*
4967** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4968** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4969**
4970** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4971** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4972** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4973** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4974** memory allocation fails.
4975**
4976** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4977** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4978** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4979*/
4980sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4981void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4982
4983/*
4984** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4985** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4986**
4987** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4988** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4989**
4990** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4991** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4992** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4993** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4994** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4995** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4996** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4997** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4998** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4999** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5000** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5001** first time from within xFinal().)^
5002**
5003** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5004** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5005** allocate error occurs.
5006**
5007** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5008** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5009** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5010** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5011** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5012** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5013** pointless memory allocations occur.
5014**
5015** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5016** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5017**
5018** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5019** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5020** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5021** function.
5022**
5023** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5024** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5025*/
5026void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5027
5028/*
5029** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5030** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5031**
5032** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5033** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5034** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5035** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5036** registered the application defined function.
5037**
5038** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5039** the application-defined function is running.
5040*/
5041void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5042
5043/*
5044** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5045** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5046**
5047** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5048** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5049** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5050** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5051** registered the application defined function.
5052*/
5053sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5054
5055/*
5056** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5057** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5058**
5059** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5060** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5061** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5062** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5063** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5064** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5065** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5066** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5067** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5068** invocations of the same function.
5069**
5070** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5071** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5072** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5073** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5074** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5075** returns a NULL pointer.
5076**
5077** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5078** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5079** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5080** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5081** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5082** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5083** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5084** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5085** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5086** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5087** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5088**      SQL statement)^, or
5089** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5090**       parameter)^, or
5091** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5092**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5093**
5094** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5095** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5096** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5097** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5098** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5099** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5100**
5101** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5102** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5103** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5104**
5105** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5106** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5107** kinds of function caching behavior.
5108**
5109** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5110** the SQL function is running.
5111*/
5112void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5113void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5114
5115
5116/*
5117** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5118**
5119** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5120** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5121** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5122** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5123** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5124** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5125** the content before returning.
5126**
5127** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5128** C++ compilers.
5129*/
5130typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5131#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5132#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5133
5134/*
5135** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5136** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5137**
5138** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5139** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5140** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5141** for additional information.
5142**
5143** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5144** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5145** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5146**
5147** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5148** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5149** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5150** third parameter.
5151**
5152** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5153** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5154** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5155**
5156** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5157** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5158** by its 2nd argument.
5159**
5160** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5161** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5162** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5163** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5164** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5165** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5166** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5167** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5168** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5169** message all text up through the first zero character.
5170** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5171** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5172** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5173** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5174** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5175** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5176** modify the text after they return without harm.
5177** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5178** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5179** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5180** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5181**
5182** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5183** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5184**
5185** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5186** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5187**
5188** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5189** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5190** value given in the 2nd argument.
5191** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5192** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5193** value given in the 2nd argument.
5194**
5195** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5196** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5197**
5198** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5199** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5200** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5201** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5202** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5203** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5204** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5205** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5206** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5207** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5208** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5209** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5210** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5211** through the first zero character.
5212** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5213** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5214** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5215** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5216** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5217** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5218** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5219** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5220** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5221** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5222** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5223** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5224** finished using that result.
5225** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5226** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5227** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5228** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5229** when it has finished using that result.
5230** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5231** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5232** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5233** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5234**
5235** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5236** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5237** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5238** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5239** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5240** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5241** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5242** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5243** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5244**
5245** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5246** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5247** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5248** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5249** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5250** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5251** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5252** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5253** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5254** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5255**
5256** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5257** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5258** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5259*/
5260void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5261void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5262                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5263void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5264void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5265void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5266void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5267void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5268void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5269void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5270void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5271void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5272void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5273void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5274                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5275void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5276void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5277void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5278void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5279void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5280void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5281int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5282
5283
5284/*
5285** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5286** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5287**
5288** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5289** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5290** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5291** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5292** higher order bits are discarded.
5293** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5294** in future releases of SQLite.
5295*/
5296void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5297
5298/*
5299** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5300** METHOD: sqlite3
5301**
5302** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5303** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5304**
5305** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5306** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5307** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5308** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5309** considered to be the same name.
5310**
5311** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5312** <ul>
5313** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5314** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5315** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5316** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5317** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5318** </ul>)^
5319** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5320** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5321** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5322** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5323** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5324** on an even byte address.
5325**
5326** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5327** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5328**
5329** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5330** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5331** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5332** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5333** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5334** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5335** that collation is no longer usable.
5336**
5337** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5338** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5339** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5340** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5341** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5342** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5343** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5344** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5345** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5346** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5347** strings A, B, and C:
5348**
5349** <ol>
5350** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5351** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5352** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5353** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5354** </ol>
5355**
5356** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5357** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5358** is undefined.
5359**
5360** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5361** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5362** the collating function is deleted.
5363** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5364** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5365** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5366**
5367** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5368** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5369** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5370** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5371** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5372** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5373** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5374** compatibility.
5375**
5376** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5377*/
5378int sqlite3_create_collation(
5379  sqlite3*,
5380  const char *zName,
5381  int eTextRep,
5382  void *pArg,
5383  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5384);
5385int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5386  sqlite3*,
5387  const char *zName,
5388  int eTextRep,
5389  void *pArg,
5390  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5391  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5392);
5393int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5394  sqlite3*,
5395  const void *zName,
5396  int eTextRep,
5397  void *pArg,
5398  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5399);
5400
5401/*
5402** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5403** METHOD: sqlite3
5404**
5405** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5406** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5407** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5408** sequence is required.
5409**
5410** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5411** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5412** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5413** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5414** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5415**
5416** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5417** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5418** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5419** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5420** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5421** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5422** required collation sequence.)^
5423**
5424** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5425** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5426** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5427*/
5428int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5429  sqlite3*,
5430  void*,
5431  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5432);
5433int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5434  sqlite3*,
5435  void*,
5436  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5437);
5438
5439#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5440/*
5441** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5442** called right after sqlite3_open().
5443**
5444** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5445** of SQLite.
5446*/
5447int sqlite3_key(
5448  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5449  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5450);
5451int sqlite3_key_v2(
5452  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5453  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5454  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5455);
5456
5457/*
5458** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5459** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5460** database is decrypted.
5461**
5462** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5463** of SQLite.
5464*/
5465int sqlite3_rekey(
5466  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5467  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5468);
5469int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5470  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5471  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5472  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5473);
5474
5475/*
5476** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5477** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5478*/
5479void sqlite3_activate_see(
5480  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5481);
5482#endif
5483
5484#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5485/*
5486** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5487** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5488*/
5489void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5490  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5491);
5492#endif
5493
5494/*
5495** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5496**
5497** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5498** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5499**
5500** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5501** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5502** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5503** requested from the operating system is returned.
5504**
5505** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5506** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5507** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5508** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5509** in the previous paragraphs.
5510*/
5511int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5512
5513/*
5514** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5515**
5516** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5517** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5518** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5519** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5520** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5521** temporary file directory.
5522**
5523** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5524** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5525** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5526** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5527** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5528** be avoided in new projects.
5529**
5530** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5531** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5532** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5533** thread.
5534** It is intended that this variable be set once
5535** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5536** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5537** thereafter.
5538**
5539** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5540** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5541** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5542** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5543** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5544** using [sqlite3_free].
5545** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5546** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5547** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5548** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5549** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5550** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5551** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5552** objects have been destroyed.
5553**
5554** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5555** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5556** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5557** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5558**
5559** <blockquote><pre>
5560** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5561** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5562** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5563** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5564** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5565** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5566** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5567** </pre></blockquote>
5568*/
5569SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5570
5571/*
5572** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5573**
5574** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5575** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5576** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5577** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5578** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5579** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5580** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5581** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5582** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5583**
5584** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5585** open can result in a corrupt database.
5586**
5587** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5588** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5589** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5590** thread.
5591** It is intended that this variable be set once
5592** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5593** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5594** thereafter.
5595**
5596** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5597** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5598** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5599** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5600** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5601** using [sqlite3_free].
5602** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5603** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5604** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5605*/
5606SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5607
5608/*
5609** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5610**
5611** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5612** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5613** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5614** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5615** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5616** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5617** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5618** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5619** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5620** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5621** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5622** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
5623** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
5624** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
5625** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
5626*/
5627int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5628  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5629  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5630);
5631int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
5632int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
5633
5634/*
5635** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5636**
5637** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5638** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5639*/
5640#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5641#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5642
5643/*
5644** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5645** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5646** METHOD: sqlite3
5647**
5648** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5649** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5650** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5651** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5652** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5653**
5654** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5655** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5656** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5657** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5658** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5659** an error is to use this function.
5660**
5661** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5662** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5663** is undefined.
5664*/
5665int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5666
5667/*
5668** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5669** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5670**
5671** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5672** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5673** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5674** that was the first argument
5675** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5676** create the statement in the first place.
5677*/
5678sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5679
5680/*
5681** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5682** METHOD: sqlite3
5683**
5684** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5685** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5686** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5687** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5688** a NULL pointer is returned.
5689**
5690** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5691** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5692** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5693** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5694*/
5695const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5696
5697/*
5698** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5699** METHOD: sqlite3
5700**
5701** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5702** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5703** the name of a database on connection D.
5704*/
5705int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5706
5707/*
5708** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5709** METHOD: sqlite3
5710**
5711** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5712** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5713** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5714** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5715** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5716**
5717** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5718** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5719** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5720*/
5721sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5722
5723/*
5724** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5725** METHOD: sqlite3
5726**
5727** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5728** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5729** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5730** for the same database connection is overridden.
5731** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5732** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5733** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5734** for the same database connection is overridden.
5735** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5736** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5737** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5738**
5739** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5740** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5741** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5742** the first call for each function on D.
5743**
5744** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5745** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5746** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5747** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5748** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5749** or rollback hook in the first place.
5750** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5751** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5752** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5753**
5754** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5755**
5756** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5757** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5758** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5759** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5760** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5761**
5762** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5763** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5764** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5765** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5766** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5767**
5768** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5769*/
5770void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5771void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5772
5773/*
5774** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5775** METHOD: sqlite3
5776**
5777** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5778** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5779** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5780** a [rowid table].
5781** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5782** for the same database connection is overridden.
5783**
5784** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5785** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5786** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5787** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5788** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5789** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5790** to be invoked.
5791** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5792** database and table name containing the affected row.
5793** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5794** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5795**
5796** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5797** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5798** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5799**
5800** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5801** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5802** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5803** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5804** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5805** release of SQLite.
5806**
5807** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5808** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5809** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5810** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5811** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5812** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5813**
5814** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5815** returns the P argument from the previous call
5816** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5817** the first call on D.
5818**
5819** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5820** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5821*/
5822void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5823  sqlite3*,
5824  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5825  void*
5826);
5827
5828/*
5829** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5830**
5831** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5832** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5833** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5834** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5835**
5836** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5837** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5838** In prior versions of SQLite,
5839** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5840**
5841** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5842** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5843** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5844** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5845**
5846** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5847** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5848**
5849** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5850** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5851** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5852**
5853** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5854** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5855** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5856** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5857**
5858** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5859** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5860**
5861** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5862*/
5863int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5864
5865/*
5866** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5867**
5868** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5869** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5870** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5871** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5872** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5873** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5874** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5875** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5876**
5877** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5878*/
5879int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5880
5881/*
5882** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5883** METHOD: sqlite3
5884**
5885** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5886** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5887** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5888** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5889** omitted.
5890**
5891** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5892*/
5893int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5894
5895/*
5896** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5897**
5898** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5899** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5900** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5901** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5902** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5903** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5904** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5905** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5906** is advisory only.
5907**
5908** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5909** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5910** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5911** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5912** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5913** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5914**
5915** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5916**
5917** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5918** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5919**
5920** <ul>
5921** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5922** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5923**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5924**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5925** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5926**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5927** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5928**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5929**      from the heap.
5930** </ul>)^
5931**
5932** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5933** the soft heap limit is enforced
5934** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5935** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5936** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5937** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5938** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5939** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5940** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5941** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5942**
5943** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5944** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5945*/
5946sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5947
5948/*
5949** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5950** DEPRECATED
5951**
5952** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5953** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5954** only.  All new applications should use the
5955** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5956*/
5957SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5958
5959
5960/*
5961** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5962** METHOD: sqlite3
5963**
5964** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5965** information about column C of table T in database D
5966** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5967** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5968** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5969** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5970** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5971** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5972** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5973** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5974** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
5975** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
5976** undefined behavior.
5977**
5978** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5979** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5980** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5981** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5982** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5983** resolve unqualified table references.
5984**
5985** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5986** name of the desired column, respectively.
5987**
5988** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5989** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5990** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5991**
5992** ^(<blockquote>
5993** <table border="1">
5994** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5995**
5996** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5997** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5998** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5999** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6000** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6001** </table>
6002** </blockquote>)^
6003**
6004** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6005** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6006** call to any SQLite API function.
6007**
6008** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6009**
6010** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6011** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6012** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6013** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6014** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6015** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6016**
6017** <pre>
6018**     data type: "INTEGER"
6019**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6020**     not null: 0
6021**     primary key: 1
6022**     auto increment: 0
6023** </pre>)^
6024**
6025** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6026** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6027** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6028*/
6029int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6030  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6031  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6032  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6033  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6034  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6035  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6036  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6037  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6038  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6039);
6040
6041/*
6042** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6043** METHOD: sqlite3
6044**
6045** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6046**
6047** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6048** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6049** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6050** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6051** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6052** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6053** be tried also.
6054**
6055** ^The entry point is zProc.
6056** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6057** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6058** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6059** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6060** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6061** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6062** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6063** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6064** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6065** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6066** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6067** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6068** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6069**
6070** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6071** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6072** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6073** prior to calling this API,
6074** otherwise an error will be returned.
6075**
6076** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6077** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6078** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6079** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6080** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6081** access to extension loading capabilities.
6082**
6083** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6084*/
6085int sqlite3_load_extension(
6086  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6087  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6088  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6089  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6090);
6091
6092/*
6093** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6094** METHOD: sqlite3
6095**
6096** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6097** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6098** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6099** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6100**
6101** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6102** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6103** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6104** it back off again.
6105**
6106** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6107** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6108** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6109** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6110**
6111** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6112** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6113** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6114** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6115** access to extension loading capabilities.
6116*/
6117int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6118
6119/*
6120** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6121**
6122** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6123** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6124** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6125** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6126**
6127** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6128** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6129** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6130** entry point where as follows:
6131**
6132** <blockquote><pre>
6133** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6134** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6135** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6136** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6137** &nbsp;  );
6138** </pre></blockquote>)^
6139**
6140** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6141** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6142** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6143** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6144** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6145** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6146** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6147**
6148** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6149** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6150** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6151**
6152** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6153** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6154*/
6155int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6156
6157/*
6158** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6159**
6160** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6161** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6162** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6163** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6164** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6165** routines.
6166*/
6167int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6168
6169/*
6170** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6171**
6172** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6173** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6174*/
6175void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6176
6177/*
6178** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6179** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6180** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6181**
6182** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6183** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6184*/
6185
6186/*
6187** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6188*/
6189typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6190typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6191typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6192typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6193
6194/*
6195** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6196** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6197**
6198** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6199** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6200** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6201**
6202** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6203** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6204** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6205** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6206** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6207** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6208** any database connection.
6209*/
6210struct sqlite3_module {
6211  int iVersion;
6212  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6213               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6214               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6215  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6216               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6217               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6218  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6219  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6220  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6221  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6222  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6223  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6224                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6225  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6226  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6227  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6228  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6229  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6230  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6231  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6232  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6233  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6234  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6235                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6236                       void **ppArg);
6237  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6238  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6239  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6240  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6241  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6242  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6243};
6244
6245/*
6246** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6247** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6248**
6249** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6250** of the [virtual table] interface to
6251** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6252** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6253** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6254** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6255**
6256** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6257**
6258** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6259**
6260** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6261** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6262** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6263** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6264** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6265** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6266** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6267**
6268** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6269** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6270** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6271** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6272** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6273**
6274** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6275** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6276**
6277** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6278** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6279** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6280** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6281** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6282** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6283** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6284** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6285** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6286** non-zero.
6287**
6288** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6289** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6290** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6291** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6292** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6293** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6294**
6295** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6296** [xFilter] method.
6297** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6298** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6299**
6300** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6301** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6302** sorting step is required.
6303**
6304** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6305** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6306** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6307** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6308** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6309**
6310** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6311** will be returned by the strategy.
6312**
6313** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6314** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6315** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6316** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6317**
6318** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6319** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6320** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6321** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6322** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6323** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6324** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6325** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6326** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6327**
6328** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6329** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6330** If a virtual table extension is
6331** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6332** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6333** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6334** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6335** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6336** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6337** It may therefore only be used if
6338** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6339** 3009000.
6340*/
6341struct sqlite3_index_info {
6342  /* Inputs */
6343  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6344  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6345     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6346     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6347     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6348     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6349  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6350  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6351  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6352     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6353     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6354  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6355  /* Outputs */
6356  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6357    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6358    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6359  } *aConstraintUsage;
6360  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6361  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6362  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6363  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6364  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6365  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6366  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6367  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6368  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6369  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6370  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6371};
6372
6373/*
6374** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6375**
6376** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6377** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6378** these bits.
6379*/
6380#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6381
6382/*
6383** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6384**
6385** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6386** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6387** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6388** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6389*/
6390#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6391#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6392#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6393#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6394#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6395#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6396#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6397#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6398#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6399#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6400#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6401#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6402#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6403#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6404
6405/*
6406** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6407** METHOD: sqlite3
6408**
6409** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6410** ^Module names must be registered before
6411** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6412** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6413**
6414** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6415** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6416** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6417** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6418** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6419** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6420** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6421**
6422** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6423** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6424** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6425** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6426** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6427** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6428** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6429** destructor.
6430*/
6431int sqlite3_create_module(
6432  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6433  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6434  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6435  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6436);
6437int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6438  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6439  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6440  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6441  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6442  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6443);
6444
6445/*
6446** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6447** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6448**
6449** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6450** of this object to describe a particular instance
6451** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6452** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6453** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6454** common to all module implementations.
6455**
6456** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6457** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6458** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6459** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6460** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6461** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6462*/
6463struct sqlite3_vtab {
6464  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6465  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6466  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6467  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6468};
6469
6470/*
6471** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6472** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6473**
6474** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6475** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6476** [virtual table] and are used
6477** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6478** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6479** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6480** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6481** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6482** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6483**
6484** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6485** are common to all implementations.
6486*/
6487struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6488  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6489  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6490};
6491
6492/*
6493** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6494**
6495** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6496** [virtual table module] call this interface
6497** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6498** the virtual tables they implement.
6499*/
6500int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6501
6502/*
6503** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6504** METHOD: sqlite3
6505**
6506** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6507** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6508** But global versions of those functions
6509** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6510**
6511** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6512** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6513** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6514** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6515** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6516** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6517** by a [virtual table].
6518*/
6519int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6520
6521/*
6522** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6523** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6524** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6525** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6526**
6527** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6528** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6529*/
6530
6531/*
6532** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6533** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6534**
6535** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6536** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6537** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6538** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6539** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6540** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6541** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6542*/
6543typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6544
6545/*
6546** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6547** METHOD: sqlite3
6548** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6549**
6550** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6551** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6552** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6553**
6554** <pre>
6555**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6556** </pre>)^
6557**
6558** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6559** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6560** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6561** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6562** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6563**
6564** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6565** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6566** read-only access.
6567**
6568** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6569** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6570** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6571** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6572** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6573**
6574** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6575** <ul>
6576**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6577**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6578**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6579**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6580**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6581**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6582**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6583**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6584**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6585**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6586**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6587**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6588** </ul>
6589**
6590** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6591** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6592** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6593**
6594** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6595** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6596** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6597** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6598** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6599** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6600**
6601** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6602** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6603** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6604** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6605** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6606** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6607** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6608** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6609** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6610** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6611**
6612** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6613** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6614** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6615** blob.
6616**
6617** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6618** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6619** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6620**
6621** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6622** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6623**
6624** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6625** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6626** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6627*/
6628int sqlite3_blob_open(
6629  sqlite3*,
6630  const char *zDb,
6631  const char *zTable,
6632  const char *zColumn,
6633  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6634  int flags,
6635  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6636);
6637
6638/*
6639** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6640** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6641**
6642** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6643** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6644** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6645** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6646** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6647** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6648**
6649** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6650** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6651** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6652** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6653** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6654** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6655** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6656** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6657** always returns zero.
6658**
6659** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6660*/
6661int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6662
6663/*
6664** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6665** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6666**
6667** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6668** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6669** handle is still closed.)^
6670**
6671** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6672** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6673** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6674** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6675** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6676**
6677** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6678** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6679** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6680** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6681** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6682** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6683*/
6684int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6685
6686/*
6687** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6688** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6689**
6690** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6691** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6692** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6693** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6694**
6695** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6696** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6697** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6698** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6699*/
6700int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6701
6702/*
6703** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6704** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6705**
6706** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6707** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6708** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6709**
6710** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6711** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6712** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6713** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6714** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6715**
6716** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6717** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6718**
6719** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6720** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6721**
6722** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6723** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6724** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6725** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6726**
6727** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6728*/
6729int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6730
6731/*
6732** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6733** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6734**
6735** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6736** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6737** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6738**
6739** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6740** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6741** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6742** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6743** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6744**
6745** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6746** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6747** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6748**
6749** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6750** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6751** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6752** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6753** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6754** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6755** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6756**
6757** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6758** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6759** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6760** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6761** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6762** or by other independent statements.
6763**
6764** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6765** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6766** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6767** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6768**
6769** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6770*/
6771int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6772
6773/*
6774** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6775**
6776** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6777** that SQLite uses to interact
6778** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6779** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6780** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6781** The following interfaces are provided.
6782**
6783** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6784** ^Names are case sensitive.
6785** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6786** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6787** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6788**
6789** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6790** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6791** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6792** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6793** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6794** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6795** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6796** then the behavior is undefined.
6797**
6798** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6799** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6800** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6801*/
6802sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6803int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6804int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6805
6806/*
6807** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6808**
6809** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6810** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6811** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6812** permitted to use any of these routines.
6813**
6814** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6815** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6816** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6817** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6818**
6819** <ul>
6820** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6821** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6822** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6823** </ul>
6824**
6825** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6826** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6827** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6828** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6829** and Windows.
6830**
6831** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6832** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6833** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6834** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6835** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6836** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6837** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6838**
6839** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6840** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6841** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6842** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6843** integer constants:
6844**
6845** <ul>
6846** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6847** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6848** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6849** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6850** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6851** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6852** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6853** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6854** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6855** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6856** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6857** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6858** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6859** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6860** </ul>
6861**
6862** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6863** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6864** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6865** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6866** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6867** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6868** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6869** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6870** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6871** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6872**
6873** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6874** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6875** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6876** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6877** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6878** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6879** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6880** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6881**
6882** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6883** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6884** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6885** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6886** the same type number.
6887**
6888** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6889** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6890** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6891**
6892** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6893** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6894** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6895** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6896** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6897** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6898** In such cases, the
6899** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6900** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6901** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6902**
6903** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6904** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6905** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6906** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6907** behavior.)^
6908**
6909** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6910** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6911** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6912** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6913**
6914** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6915** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6916** behave as no-ops.
6917**
6918** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6919*/
6920sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6921void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6922void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6923int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6924void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6925
6926/*
6927** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6928**
6929** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6930** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6931**
6932** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6933** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6934** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6935** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6936** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6937** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6938** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6939** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6940** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6941**
6942** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6943** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6944** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6945** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6946**
6947** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6948** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6949** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6950** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6951** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6952** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6953**
6954** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6955** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6956** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6957**
6958** <ul>
6959**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6960**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6961**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6962**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6963**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6964**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6965**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6966** </ul>)^
6967**
6968** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6969** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6970** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6971** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6972** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6973** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6974** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6975**
6976** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6977** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6978** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6979** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6980**
6981** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6982** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6983** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6984** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6985**
6986** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6987** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6988** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6989** prior to returning.
6990*/
6991typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6992struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6993  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6994  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6995  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6996  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6997  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6998  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6999  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7000  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7001  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7002};
7003
7004/*
7005** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7006**
7007** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7008** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7009** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7010** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7011** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7012** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7013** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7014** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7015**
7016** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7017** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7018**
7019** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7020** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7021** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7022** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7023**
7024** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7025** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7026** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7027** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7028** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7029** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7030** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7031** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7032*/
7033#ifndef NDEBUG
7034int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7035int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7036#endif
7037
7038/*
7039** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7040**
7041** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7042** which is one of these integer constants.
7043**
7044** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7045** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7046** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7047*/
7048#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7049#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7050#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7051#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7052#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7053#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7054#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7055#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7056#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7057#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7058#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7059#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7060#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7061#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7062#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7063#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7064
7065/*
7066** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7067** METHOD: sqlite3
7068**
7069** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7070** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7071** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7072** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7073** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7074*/
7075sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7076
7077/*
7078** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7079** METHOD: sqlite3
7080**
7081** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7082** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7083** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7084** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7085** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7086** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7087** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7088** main database file.
7089** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7090** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7091** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7092** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7093**
7094** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7095** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7096** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
7097** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
7098** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7099**
7100** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7101** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7102** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7103** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7104** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7105** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7106** xFileControl method.
7107**
7108** See also: [file control opcodes]
7109*/
7110int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7111
7112/*
7113** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7114**
7115** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7116** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7117** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7118** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7119**
7120** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7121** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7122** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7123**
7124** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7125** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7126** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7127** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7128*/
7129int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7130
7131/*
7132** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7133**
7134** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7135** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7136**
7137** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7138** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7139** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7140** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7141*/
7142#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7143#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7144#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7145#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7146#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7147#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7148#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7149#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7150#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7151#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7152#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7153#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7154#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7155#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7156#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7157#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7158#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7159#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7160#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7161#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7162#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7163#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7164#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7165#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7166#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7167
7168/*
7169** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7170**
7171** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7172** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7173** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7174** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7175**
7176** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7177** keywords understood by SQLite.
7178**
7179** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7180** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7181** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7182** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7183** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7184** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7185** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7186**
7187** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7188** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7189** if it is and zero if not.
7190**
7191** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7192** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7193** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7194** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7195** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7196** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7197** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7198** name collisions include:
7199** <ul>
7200** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7201**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7202** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7203**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7204**      technique.
7205** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7206**      with "Z".
7207** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7208** </ul>
7209**
7210** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7211** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7212** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7213** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7214*/
7215int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7216int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7217int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7218
7219/*
7220** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7221** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7222**
7223** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7224** string under construction.
7225**
7226** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7227** <ol>
7228** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7229** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7230** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7231** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7232** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7233** </ol>
7234*/
7235typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7236
7237/*
7238** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7239** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7240**
7241** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7242** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7243** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7244** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7245**
7246** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7247** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7248** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7249** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7250** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7251** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7252** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7253** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7254** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7255**
7256** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7257** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7258** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7259** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7260** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7261*/
7262sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7263
7264/*
7265** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7266** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7267**
7268** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7269** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7270** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7271** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7272** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7273** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7274** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7275** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7276*/
7277char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7278
7279/*
7280** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7281** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7282**
7283** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7284** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7285**
7286** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7287** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7288** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7289** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7290**
7291** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7292** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7293** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7294** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7295** method instead.
7296**
7297** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7298** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7299**
7300** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7301** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7302** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7303**
7304** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7305** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7306**
7307** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7308** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7309** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7310*/
7311void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7312void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7313void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7314void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7315void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7316void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7317
7318/*
7319** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7320** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7321**
7322** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7323**
7324** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7325** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7326** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7327** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7328** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7329** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7330**
7331** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7332** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7333** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7334** zero-termination byte.
7335**
7336** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7337** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7338** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7339** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7340** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7341** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7342** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7343** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7344** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7345** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7346*/
7347int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7348int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7349char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7350
7351/*
7352** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7353**
7354** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7355** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7356** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7357** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7358** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7359** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7360** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7361** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7362** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7363** value.  For those parameters
7364** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7365** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7366** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7367**
7368** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7369** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7370**
7371** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7372** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7373** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7374**
7375** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7376*/
7377int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7378int sqlite3_status64(
7379  int op,
7380  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7381  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7382  int resetFlag
7383);
7384
7385
7386/*
7387** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7388** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7389**
7390** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7391** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7392**
7393** <dl>
7394** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7395** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7396** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7397** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7398** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7399** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7400** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7401** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7402**
7403** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7404** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7405** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7406** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7407** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7408** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7409**
7410** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7411** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7412** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7413**
7414** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7415** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7416** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7417** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7418** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7419**
7420** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7421** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7422** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7423** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7424** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7425** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7426** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7427** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7428** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7429**
7430** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7431** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7432** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7433** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7434** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7435**
7436** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7437** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7438**
7439** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7440** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7441**
7442** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7443** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7444**
7445** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7446** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7447** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7448** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7449** </dl>
7450**
7451** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7452*/
7453#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7454#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7455#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7456#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7457#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7458#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7459#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7460#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7461#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7462#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7463
7464/*
7465** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7466** METHOD: sqlite3
7467**
7468** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7469** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7470** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7471** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7472** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7473** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7474** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7475** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7476**
7477** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7478** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7479** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7480** reset back down to the current value.
7481**
7482** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7483** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7484**
7485** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7486*/
7487int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7488
7489/*
7490** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7491** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7492**
7493** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7494** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7495**
7496** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7497** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7498** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7499** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7500** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7501**
7502** <dl>
7503** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7504** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7505** checked out.</dd>)^
7506**
7507** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7508** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7509** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7510** the current value is always zero.)^
7511**
7512** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7513** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7514** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7515** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7516** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7517** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7518** the current value is always zero.)^
7519**
7520** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7521** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7522** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7523** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7524** memory already being in use.
7525** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7526** the current value is always zero.)^
7527**
7528** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7529** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7530** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7531** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7532**
7533** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7534** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7535** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7536** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7537** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7538** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7539** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7540** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7541** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7542** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7543** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7544**
7545** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7546** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7547** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7548** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7549** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7550** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7551** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7552** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7553**
7554** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7555** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7556** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7557** the database connection.)^
7558** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7559** </dd>
7560**
7561** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7562** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7563** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7564** is always 0.
7565** </dd>
7566**
7567** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7568** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7569** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7570** is always 0.
7571** </dd>
7572**
7573** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7574** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7575** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7576** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7577** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7578** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7579** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7580** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7581** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7582** </dd>
7583**
7584** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7585** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7586** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7587** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7588** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7589** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7590** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
7591** </dd>
7592**
7593** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7594** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7595** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7596** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7597** </dd>
7598** </dl>
7599*/
7600#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7601#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7602#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7603#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7604#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7605#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7606#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7607#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7608#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7609#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7610#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7611#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7612#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7613#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7614
7615
7616/*
7617** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7618** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7619**
7620** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7621** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7622** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7623** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7624** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7625** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7626** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7627** an index.
7628**
7629** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7630** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7631** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7632** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7633** to be interrogated.)^
7634** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7635** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7636** interface call returns.
7637**
7638** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7639*/
7640int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7641
7642/*
7643** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7644** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7645**
7646** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7647** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7648** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7649**
7650** <dl>
7651** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7652** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7653** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7654** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7655** careful use of indices.</dd>
7656**
7657** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7658** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7659** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7660** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7661**
7662** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7663** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7664** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7665** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7666** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7667** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7668**
7669** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7670** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7671** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7672** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7673** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7674** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7675** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7676**
7677** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7678** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7679** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7680** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7681**
7682** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7683** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7684** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7685** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7686** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7687** cycle.
7688**
7689** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7690** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7691** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7692** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7693** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7694** </dd>
7695** </dl>
7696*/
7697#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7698#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7699#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7700#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7701#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7702#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7703#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7704
7705/*
7706** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7707**
7708** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7709** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7710** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7711** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7712** to the object.
7713**
7714** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7715*/
7716typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7717
7718/*
7719** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7720**
7721** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7722** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7723** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7724** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7725**
7726** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7727*/
7728typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7729struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7730  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7731  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7732};
7733
7734/*
7735** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7736** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7737**
7738** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7739** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7740** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7741** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7742** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7743** By implementing a
7744** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7745** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7746** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7747** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7748** how long.
7749**
7750** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7751** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7752** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7753**
7754** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7755** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7756** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7757** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7758**
7759** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7760** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7761** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7762** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7763** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7764** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7765** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7766** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7767** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7768** page cache.)^
7769**
7770** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7771** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7772** It can be used to clean up
7773** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7774** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7775**
7776** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7777** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7778** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7779** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7780** in multithreaded applications.
7781**
7782** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7783** call to xShutdown().
7784**
7785** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7786** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7787** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7788** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7789** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7790** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7791** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7792** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7793** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7794** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7795** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7796** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7797** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7798** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7799** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7800** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7801** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7802** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7803** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7804** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7805** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7806** never contain any unpinned pages.
7807**
7808** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7809** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7810** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7811** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7812** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7813** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7814** value; it is advisory only.
7815**
7816** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7817** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7818** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7819**
7820** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7821** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7822** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7823** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7824** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7825** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7826** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7827** for each entry in the page cache.
7828**
7829** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7830** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7831** to be "pinned".
7832**
7833** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7834** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7835** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7836** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7837** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7838**
7839** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7840** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7841** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7842** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7843**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7844** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7845**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7846** </table>
7847**
7848** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7849** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7850** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7851** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7852** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7853**
7854** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7855** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7856** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7857** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7858** ^If the discard parameter is
7859** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7860** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7861** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7862**
7863** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7864** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7865** to xFetch().
7866**
7867** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7868** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7869** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7870** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7871** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7872** to be pinned.
7873**
7874** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7875** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7876** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7877** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7878** they can be safely discarded.
7879**
7880** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7881** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7882** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7883** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7884** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7885** functions.
7886**
7887** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7888** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7889** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7890** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7891** do their best.
7892*/
7893typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7894struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7895  int iVersion;
7896  void *pArg;
7897  int (*xInit)(void*);
7898  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7899  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7900  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7901  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7902  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7903  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7904  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7905      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7906  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7907  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7908  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7909};
7910
7911/*
7912** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7913** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7914** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7915*/
7916typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7917struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7918  void *pArg;
7919  int (*xInit)(void*);
7920  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7921  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7922  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7923  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7924  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7925  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7926  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7927  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7928  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7929};
7930
7931
7932/*
7933** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7934**
7935** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7936** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7937** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7938** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7939**
7940** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7941*/
7942typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7943
7944/*
7945** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7946**
7947** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7948** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7949** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7950**
7951** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7952**
7953** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7954** for the duration of the backup operation.
7955** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7956** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7957** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7958** preventing other database connections from
7959** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7960**
7961** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7962**   <ol>
7963**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7964**         backup,
7965**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7966**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7967**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7968**         associated with the backup operation.
7969**   </ol>)^
7970** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7971** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7972**
7973** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7974**
7975** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7976** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7977** and the database name, respectively.
7978** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7979** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7980** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7981** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7982** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7983** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7984** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7985** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7986** an error.
7987**
7988** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7989** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7990** destination database.
7991**
7992** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7993** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7994** destination [database connection] D.
7995** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7996** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7997** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7998** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7999** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8000** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8001** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8002** operation.
8003**
8004** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8005**
8006** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8007** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8008** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8009** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8010** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8011** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8012** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8013** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8014** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8015** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8016** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8017** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8018**
8019** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8020** <ol>
8021** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8022** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8023** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8024** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8025** destination and source page sizes differ.
8026** </ol>)^
8027**
8028** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8029** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8030** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8031** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8032** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8033** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8034** [database connection]
8035** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8036** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8037** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8038** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8039** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8040** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8041** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8042** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8043** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8044**
8045** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8046** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8047** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8048** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8049** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8050** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8051** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8052** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8053** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8054** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8055** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8056** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8057** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8058** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8059** updated at the same time.
8060**
8061** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8062**
8063** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8064** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8065** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8066** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8067** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8068** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8069** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8070** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8071** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8072**
8073** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8074** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8075** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8076** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8077** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8078** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8079**
8080** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8081** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8082** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8083**
8084** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8085** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8086**
8087** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8088** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8089** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8090** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8091** sqlite3_backup_step().
8092** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8093** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8094** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8095** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8096** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8097** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8098**
8099** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8100**
8101** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8102** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8103** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8104** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8105** from within other threads.
8106**
8107** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8108** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8109** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8110** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8111** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8112** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8113** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8114** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8115**
8116** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8117** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8118** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8119** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8120** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8121** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8122**
8123** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8124** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8125** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8126** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8127** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8128** possible that they return invalid values.
8129*/
8130sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8131  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8132  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8133  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8134  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8135);
8136int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8137int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8138int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8139int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8140
8141/*
8142** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8143** METHOD: sqlite3
8144**
8145** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8146** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8147** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8148** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8149** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8150** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8151** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8152** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8153**
8154** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8155**
8156** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8157** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8158**
8159** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8160** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8161** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8162** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8163** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8164** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8165** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8166** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8167** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8168** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
8169**
8170** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8171** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8172** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8173** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8174** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8175**
8176** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8177** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8178** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8179** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8180**
8181** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8182** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8183** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8184** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8185** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8186** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8187** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8188** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8189**
8190** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8191** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8192** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8193**
8194** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8195** returns SQLITE_OK.
8196**
8197** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8198**
8199** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8200** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8201** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8202** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8203** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8204** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8205**
8206** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
8207** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8208** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8209** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8210** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8211** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8212** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8213** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8214**
8215** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8216**
8217** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8218** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8219** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8220** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8221** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8222** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8223** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8224**
8225** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8226** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8227** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8228** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8229** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8230** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8231** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8232** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8233** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8234** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8235** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8236** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8237**
8238** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8239**
8240** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8241** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8242** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8243** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8244** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8245** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8246** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8247** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8248** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8249**
8250** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8251** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8252** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8253** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8254** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8255*/
8256int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8257  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8258  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8259  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8260);
8261
8262
8263/*
8264** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8265**
8266** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8267** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8268** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8269** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8270*/
8271int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8272int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8273
8274/*
8275** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8276*
8277** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8278** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8279** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8280** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8281** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8282** is case sensitive.
8283**
8284** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8285** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8286**
8287** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8288*/
8289int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8290
8291/*
8292** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8293*
8294** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8295** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8296** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8297** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8298** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8299** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8300** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8301** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8302** one another.
8303**
8304** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8305** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8306**
8307** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8308** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8309**
8310** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8311*/
8312int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8313
8314/*
8315** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8316**
8317** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8318** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8319** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8320** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8321**
8322** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8323** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8324** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8325** is considered bad form.
8326**
8327** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8328**
8329** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8330** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8331** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8332** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8333** buffer.
8334*/
8335void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8336
8337/*
8338** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8339** METHOD: sqlite3
8340**
8341** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8342** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8343**
8344** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8345** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8346** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8347**
8348** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8349** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8350** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8351** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8352** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8353** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8354** including those that were just committed.
8355**
8356** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8357** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8358** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8359** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8360** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8361** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8362** are undefined.
8363**
8364** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8365** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8366** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8367** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8368** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8369** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8370*/
8371void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8372  sqlite3*,
8373  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8374  void*
8375);
8376
8377/*
8378** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8379** METHOD: sqlite3
8380**
8381** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8382** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8383** to automatically [checkpoint]
8384** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8385** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8386** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8387** checkpoints entirely.
8388**
8389** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8390** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8391** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8392** configured by this function.
8393**
8394** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8395** from SQL.
8396**
8397** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8398** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8399**
8400** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8401** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8402** pages.  The use of this interface
8403** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8404** for a particular application.
8405*/
8406int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8407
8408/*
8409** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8410** METHOD: sqlite3
8411**
8412** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8413** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8414**
8415** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8416** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8417** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8418** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8419** information.
8420**
8421** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8422** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8423** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8424** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8425** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8426** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8427*/
8428int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8429
8430/*
8431** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8432** METHOD: sqlite3
8433**
8434** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8435** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8436** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8437** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8438**
8439** <dl>
8440** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8441**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8442**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8443**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8444**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8445**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8446**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8447**
8448** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8449**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8450**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8451**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8452**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8453**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8454**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8455**
8456** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8457**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8458**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8459**   [busy-handler callback])
8460**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8461**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8462**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8463**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8464**
8465** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8466**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8467**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8468**   to a successful return.
8469** </dl>
8470**
8471** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8472** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8473** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8474** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8475** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8476** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8477** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8478** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8479** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8480**
8481** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8482** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8483** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8484** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8485**
8486** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8487** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8488** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8489** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8490** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8491** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8492** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8493** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8494** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8495** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8496**
8497** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8498** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8499** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8500** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8501** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8502** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8503** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8504** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8505** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8506** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8507** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8508**
8509** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8510** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8511** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8512** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8513**
8514** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8515** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8516** sets the error information that is queried by
8517** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8518**
8519** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8520** from SQL.
8521*/
8522int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8523  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8524  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8525  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8526  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8527  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8528);
8529
8530/*
8531** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8532** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8533**
8534** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8535** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8536** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8537** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8538*/
8539#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8540#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8541#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8542#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8543
8544/*
8545** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8546**
8547** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8548** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8549** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8550**
8551** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8552** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8553**
8554** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8555** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8556** may be added in the future.
8557*/
8558int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8559
8560/*
8561** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8562**
8563** These macros define the various options to the
8564** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8565** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8566**
8567** <dl>
8568** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8569** <dd>Calls of the form
8570** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8571** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8572** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8573** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8574** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8575** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8576** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8577** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8578**
8579** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8580** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8581** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8582** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8583** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8584** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8585** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8586** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8587** had been ABORT.
8588**
8589** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8590** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8591** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8592** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8593** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8594** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8595** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8596** constraint handling.
8597** </dl>
8598*/
8599#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8600
8601/*
8602** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8603**
8604** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8605** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8606** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8607** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8608** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8609** [virtual table].
8610*/
8611int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8612
8613/*
8614** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8615**
8616** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8617** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8618** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8619** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8620** a return value that is less expensive to compute and that the corresponding
8621** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
8622**
8623** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8624** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
8625** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8626** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8627** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8628** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8629*/
8630int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8631
8632/*
8633** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8634**
8635** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8636** method of a [virtual table].
8637**
8638** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8639** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8640** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8641** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8642** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8643** constraint.
8644*/
8645SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8646
8647/*
8648** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8649** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8650**
8651** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8652** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8653** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8654**
8655** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8656** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8657** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8658*/
8659#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8660/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8661#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8662/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8663#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8664
8665/*
8666** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8667** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8668**
8669** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8670** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8671** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8672**
8673** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8674** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8675** S is finalized.
8676**
8677** <dl>
8678** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8679** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8680** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8681**
8682** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8683** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8684** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8685**
8686** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8687** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8688** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8689** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8690** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8691** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8692** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8693**
8694** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8695** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8696** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8697** used for the X-th loop.
8698**
8699** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8700** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8701** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8702** description for the X-th loop.
8703**
8704** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8705** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8706** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8707** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8708** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8709** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8710** </dl>
8711*/
8712#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8713#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8714#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8715#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8716#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8717#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8718
8719/*
8720** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8721** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8722**
8723** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8724** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8725** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8726** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8727**
8728** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8729** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8730** compile-time option.
8731**
8732** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8733** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8734** of this interface is undefined.
8735** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8736** the "pOut" parameter.
8737** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8738** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8739** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8740** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8741** points to is unchanged.
8742**
8743** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8744** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8745** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8746** that pOut points to unchanged.
8747**
8748** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8749*/
8750int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8751  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8752  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8753  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8754  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8755);
8756
8757/*
8758** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8759** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8760**
8761** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8762**
8763** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8764** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8765*/
8766void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8767
8768/*
8769** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8770**
8771** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8772** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8773** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8774** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8775** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8776** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8777** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8778** any [attached] databases.
8779**
8780** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8781** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8782** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8783** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8784** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8785** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8786** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8787** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8788**
8789** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8790** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8791** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8792**
8793** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8794**
8795** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8796** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8797*/
8798int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8799
8800/*
8801** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8802**
8803** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8804** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8805**
8806** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8807** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8808** on a database table.
8809** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8810** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8811** the previous setting.
8812** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8813** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8814** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8815** the first parameter to callbacks.
8816**
8817** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8818** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8819** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8820**
8821** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8822** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8823** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8824** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8825** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8826** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8827** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8828** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8829** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8830** databases.)^
8831** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8832** table that is being modified.
8833**
8834** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8835** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8836** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8837** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8838** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8839** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8840** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8841** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8842** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8843**
8844** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8845** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8846** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8847** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8848** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8849** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8850** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8851** behavior.
8852**
8853** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8854** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8855**
8856** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8857** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8858** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8859** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8860** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8861** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8862** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8863** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8864**
8865** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8866** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8867** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8868** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8869** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8870** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8871** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8872** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8873**
8874** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8875** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8876** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8877** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8878** triggers; and so forth.
8879**
8880** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8881*/
8882#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8883void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8884  sqlite3 *db,
8885  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8886    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8887    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8888    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8889    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8890    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8891    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8892    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8893  ),
8894  void*
8895);
8896int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8897int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8898int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8899int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8900#endif
8901
8902/*
8903** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8904**
8905** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8906** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8907** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8908** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8909** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8910** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8911*/
8912int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8913
8914/*
8915** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8916** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8917** EXPERIMENTAL
8918**
8919** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8920** database for some specific point in history.
8921**
8922** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8923** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8924** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8925** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8926** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8927** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8928** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8929**
8930** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8931** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8932** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8933** the most recent version.
8934**
8935** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8936** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8937** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8938** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8939*/
8940typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8941  unsigned char hidden[48];
8942} sqlite3_snapshot;
8943
8944/*
8945** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8946** EXPERIMENTAL
8947**
8948** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8949** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8950** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8951** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8952** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8953** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8954** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8955**
8956** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8957** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8958** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8959** in this case.
8960**
8961** <ul>
8962**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8963**
8964**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8965**
8966**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8967**        connection D.
8968**
8969**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8970**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8971**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8972**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8973**        must be written to it first.
8974** </ul>
8975**
8976** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8977** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8978** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8979**
8980** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8981** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8982** to avoid a memory leak.
8983**
8984** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8985** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8986*/
8987SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8988  sqlite3 *db,
8989  const char *zSchema,
8990  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8991);
8992
8993/*
8994** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8995** EXPERIMENTAL
8996**
8997** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8998** read transaction for schema S of
8999** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
9000** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
9001** recent change to the database.
9002** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
9003** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9004**
9005** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
9006** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
9007** out of [autocommit mode].
9008** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
9009** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
9010** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
9011** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
9012** [checkpoint].
9013** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9014** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9015** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9016** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9017** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9018** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9019** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9020** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9021**
9022** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9023** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
9024*/
9025SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9026  sqlite3 *db,
9027  const char *zSchema,
9028  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9029);
9030
9031/*
9032** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9033** EXPERIMENTAL
9034**
9035** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9036** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9037** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9038**
9039** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9040** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
9041*/
9042SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9043
9044/*
9045** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9046** EXPERIMENTAL
9047**
9048** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9049** of two valid snapshot handles.
9050**
9051** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9052** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9053**
9054** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9055** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9056** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9057** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9058** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9059** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9060** is undefined.
9061**
9062** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9063** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9064** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9065*/
9066SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9067  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9068  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9069);
9070
9071/*
9072** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9073** EXPERIMENTAL
9074**
9075** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
9076** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
9077** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
9078** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
9079** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
9080** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
9081** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
9082**
9083** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
9084** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9085** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9086** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
9087** database.
9088**
9089** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9090*/
9091SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9092
9093/*
9094** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9095**
9096** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9097** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9098** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9099** is written into *P.
9100**
9101** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9102** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9103** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9104** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9105**
9106** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9107** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9108** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9109** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9110** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9111** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9112** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9113** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9114** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9115** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9116** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9117** values of D and S.
9118** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9119** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9120** of the database exists.
9121**
9122** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9123** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9124** allocation error occurs.
9125**
9126** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9127** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9128*/
9129unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9130  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9131  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9132  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9133  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9134);
9135
9136/*
9137** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9138**
9139** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9140** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9141**
9142** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9143** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9144** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9145** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9146** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9147** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9148** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9149*/
9150#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9151
9152/*
9153** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9154**
9155** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9156** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9157** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9158** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9159** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9160** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9161** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9162** size does not exceed M bytes.
9163**
9164** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9165** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9166** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9167** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9168** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9169**
9170** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9171** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9172** operation.
9173**
9174** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9175** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9176** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9177**
9178** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9179** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9180*/
9181int sqlite3_deserialize(
9182  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9183  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9184  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9185  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9186  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9187  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9188);
9189
9190/*
9191** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9192**
9193** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9194** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9195**
9196** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9197** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9198** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9199** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9200** is resposible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9201**
9202** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9203** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9204** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9205** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9206** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9207**
9208** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9209** should be treated as read-only.
9210*/
9211#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9212#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9213#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9214
9215/*
9216** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9217** builds on processors without floating point support.
9218*/
9219#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9220# undef double
9221#endif
9222
9223#ifdef __cplusplus
9224}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9225#endif
9226#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9227