xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision e2e2ab3a)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34#define _SQLITE3_H_
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51
52/*
53** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
54** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
55** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
56** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
57** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
58**
59** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
60** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
61** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
62** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
63** noop macros.
64*/
65#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
66#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
67
68/*
69** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
70*/
71#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
72# undef SQLITE_VERSION
73#endif
74#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
75# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
76#endif
77
78/*
79** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
80**
81** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
82** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
83** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
84** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
85** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
86** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
87** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
88** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
89** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
90** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
91** and Z will be reset to zero.
92**
93** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
94** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
95** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
96** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
97** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
98** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
99** hash of the entire source tree.
100**
101** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
102** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
103** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
104*/
105#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
106#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
107#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
108
109/*
110** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
112**
113** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
114** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
115** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
116** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
117** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
118** the header, and thus insure that the application is
119** compiled with matching library and header files.
120**
121** <blockquote><pre>
122** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
123** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
124** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
125** </pre></blockquote>)^
126**
127** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
128** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
129** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
130** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
131** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
132** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
134** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
135** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
136**
137** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
138*/
139SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
140const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
141const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
142int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
143
144/*
145** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
146**
147** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
148** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
149** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
150** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
151**
152** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
153** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
154** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
155** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
156** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
157** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
158**
159** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
160** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
161** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
162**
163** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
164** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
165*/
166#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
167int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
168const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
169#endif
170
171/*
172** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
173**
174** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
175** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
176** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
177**
178** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
179** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
180** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
181** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
182** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
183** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
184**
185** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
186** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
187** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
188** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
189**
190** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
191** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
192** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
193**
194** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
195** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
196** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
197** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
198** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
199** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
200** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
201** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
202** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
203** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
204**
205** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
206*/
207int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
208
209/*
210** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
211** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
212**
213** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
214** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
215** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
216** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
217** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
218** interfaces (such as
219** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
220** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
221** sqlite3 object.
222*/
223typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
224
225/*
226** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
227** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
228**
229** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
230** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
231**
232** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
233** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
234** compatibility only.
235**
236** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
237** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
238** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
239** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
240*/
241#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
242  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
243  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
244#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
245  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
246  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
247#else
248  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
249  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
250#endif
251typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
252typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
253
254/*
255** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
256** substitute integer for floating-point.
257*/
258#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
259# define double sqlite3_int64
260#endif
261
262/*
263** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
264**
265** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
266** for the [sqlite3] object.
267** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return SQLITE_OK if
268** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
269** resources are deallocated.
270**
271** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
272** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
273** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
274** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
275** and unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
276** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
277** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
278** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
279** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
280** destructors are called is arbitrary.
281**
282** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
283** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
284** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
285** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
286** sqlite3_close() is called on a [database connection] that still has
287** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
288** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns SQLITE_OK but the deallocation
289** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
290** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
291**
292** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
293** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
294**
295** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
296** must be either a NULL
297** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
298** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
299** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
300** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
301** argument is a harmless no-op.
302*/
303int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
304int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
305
306/*
307** The type for a callback function.
308** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
309** compatibility and is not documented.
310*/
311typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
312
313/*
314** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
315**
316** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
317** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
318** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
319** without having to use a lot of C code.
320**
321** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
322** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
323** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
324** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
325** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
326** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
327** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
328** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
329** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
330** ignored.
331**
332** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
333** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
334** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
335** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
336** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
337** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
338** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
339** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
340** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
341** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
342** NULL before returning.
343**
344** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
345** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
346** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
347**
348** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
349** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
350** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
351** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
352** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
353** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
354** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
355** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
356** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
357**
358** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
359** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
360** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
361** is not changed.
362**
363** Restrictions:
364**
365** <ul>
366** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
367**      is a valid and open [database connection].
368** <li> The application must not close [database connection] specified by
369**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
370** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
371**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
372** </ul>
373*/
374int sqlite3_exec(
375  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
376  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
377  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
378  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
379  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
380);
381
382/*
383** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
384** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK {error code} {error codes}
385** KEYWORDS: {result code} {result codes}
386**
387** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
388** here in order to indicate success or failure.
389**
390** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
391**
392** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes],
393** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | result codes].
394*/
395#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
396/* beginning-of-error-codes */
397#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
398#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
399#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
400#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
401#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
402#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
403#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
404#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
405#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
406#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
407#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
408#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
409#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
410#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
411#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
412#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
413#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
414#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
415#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
416#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
417#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
418#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
419#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
420#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
421#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
422#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
423#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
424#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
425/* end-of-error-codes */
426
427/*
428** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
429** KEYWORDS: {extended error code} {extended error codes}
430** KEYWORDS: {extended result code} {extended result codes}
431**
432** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
433** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
434** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
435** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
436** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
437** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
438** about errors. The extended result codes are enabled or disabled
439** on a per database connection basis using the
440** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.
441**
442** Some of the available extended result codes are listed here.
443** One may expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
444** over time.  Software that uses extended result codes should expect
445** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite.
446**
447** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
448** be exactly zero.
449*/
450#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
451#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
452#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
453#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
454#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
455#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
456#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
457#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
458#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
459#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
460#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
461#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
462#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
463#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
464#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
472#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
473#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
475#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
476#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
477#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
478#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
479#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
480
481/*
482** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
483**
484** These bit values are intended for use in the
485** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
486** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
487*/
488#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
489#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
490#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
491#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
492#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
493#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
494#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
495#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
496#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
497#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
498#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
499#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
500#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
501#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
502#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
503#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
504#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
505#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
506#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
507#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
508
509/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
510
511/*
512** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
513**
514** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
515** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
516** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
517** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
518** refers to.
519**
520** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
521** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
522** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
523** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
524** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
525** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
526** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
527** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
528** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
529** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
530** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
531** file that were written at the application level might have changed
532** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
533** guaranteed to be unchanged.
534*/
535#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
536#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
537#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
538#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
539#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
540#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
541#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
542#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
543#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
544#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
545#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
546#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
547#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
548
549/*
550** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
551**
552** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
553** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
554** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
555*/
556#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
557#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
558#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
559#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
560#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
561
562/*
563** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
564**
565** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
566** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
567** these integer values as the second argument.
568**
569** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
570** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
571** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
572** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
573** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
574** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
575**
576** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
577** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
578** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
579** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
580** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
581** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
582** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
583** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
584** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
585** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
586** cares about the difference.)
587*/
588#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
589#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
590#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
591
592/*
593** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
594**
595** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
596** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
597** implementations will
598** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
599** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
600** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
601** I/O operations on the open file.
602*/
603typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
604struct sqlite3_file {
605  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
606};
607
608/*
609** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
610**
611** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
612** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
613** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
614** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
615** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
616**
617** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
618** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
619** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
620** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
621** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
622** to NULL.
623**
624** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
625** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
626** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
627** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
628** and not its inode needs to be synced.
629**
630** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
631** <ul>
632** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
633** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
634** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
635** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
636** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
637** </ul>
638** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
639** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
640** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
641** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
642** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
643**
644** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
645** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
646** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
647** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
648** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
649** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
650** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
651** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
652** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
653** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
654** A [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
655** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
656** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
657** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
658** recognize.
659**
660** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
661** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
662** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
663** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
664** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
665** underlying device:
666**
667** <ul>
668** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
669** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
670** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
671** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
672** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
673** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
674** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
675** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
676** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
677** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
678** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
679** </ul>
680**
681** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
682** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
683** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
684** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
685** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
686** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
687** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
688** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
689** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
690** to xWrite().
691**
692** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
693** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
694** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
695** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
696** database corruption.
697*/
698typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
699struct sqlite3_io_methods {
700  int iVersion;
701  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
702  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
703  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
704  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
705  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
706  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
707  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
708  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
709  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
710  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
711  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
712  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
713  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
714  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
715  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
716  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
717  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
718  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
719  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
720};
721
722/*
723** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
724**
725** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
726** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
727** interface.
728**
729** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
730** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
731** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
732** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
733** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
734** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
735** is defined.
736** <ul>
737** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
738** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
739** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
740** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
741** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
742** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
743** file run faster.
744**
745** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
746** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
747** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
748** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
749** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
750** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
751** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
752** improve performance on some systems.
753**
754** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
755** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
756** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
757** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
758** additional information.
759**
760** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
761** ^(The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED] opcode is generated internally by
762** SQLite and sent to all VFSes in place of a call to the xSync method
763** when the database connection has [PRAGMA synchronous] set to OFF.)^
764** Some specialized VFSes need this signal in order to operate correctly
765** when [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] is set, but most
766** VFSes do not need this signal and should silently ignore this opcode.
767** Applications should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this
768** opcode as doing so may disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes
769** that do require it.
770**
771** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
772** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
773** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
774** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
775** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
776** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
777** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
778** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
779** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
780** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
781** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
782** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
783** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
784** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
785** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
786** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
787**
788** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
789** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
790** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
791** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
792** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
793** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
794** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
795** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
796** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
797** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
798** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
799** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
800** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
801** WAL persistence setting.
802**
803** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
804** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
805** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
806** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
807** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
808** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
809** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
810** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
811** zero-damage mode setting.
812**
813** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
814** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
815** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
816** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
817** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
818**
819** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
820** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
821** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
822** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
823** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
824** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
825** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
826** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
827** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
828** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
829** is intended for diagnostic use only.
830**
831** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
832** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
833** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
834** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
835** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
836** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
837** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
838** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
839** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
840** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
841** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
842** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
843** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
844** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
845** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
846** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
847** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
848** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
849** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
850** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
851** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
852** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
853** </ul>
854*/
855#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
856#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
857#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
858#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
859#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
860#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
861#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
862#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
863#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
864#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
865#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
866#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
867#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
868#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
869
870/*
871** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
872**
873** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
874** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
875** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
876** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
877**
878** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
879*/
880typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
881
882/*
883** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
884**
885** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
886** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
887** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
888** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
889**
890** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
891** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
892** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
893** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
894** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
895** modified.
896**
897** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
898** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
899** a pathname in this VFS.
900**
901** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
902** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
903** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
904** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
905** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
906** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
907**
908** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
909** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
910** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
911** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
912** object once the object has been registered.
913**
914** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
915** be unique across all VFS modules.
916**
917** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
918** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
919** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
920** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
921** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
922** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
923** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
924** ^SQLite further guarantees that
925** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
926** called. Because of the previous sentence,
927** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
928** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
929** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
930** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
931** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
932** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
933**
934** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
935** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
936** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
937** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
938** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
939** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
940**
941** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
942** call, depending on the object being opened:
943**
944** <ul>
945** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
946** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
947** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
948** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
949** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
950** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
951** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
952** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
953** </ul>)^
954**
955** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
956** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
957** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
958** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
959** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
960** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
961** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
962** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
963**
964** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
965**
966** <ul>
967** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
968** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
969** </ul>
970**
971** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
972** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
973** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
974** databases, and subjournals.
975**
976** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
977** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
978** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
979** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
980** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
981** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
982** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
983** for exclusive access.
984**
985** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
986** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
987** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
988** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
989** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
990** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
991** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
992** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
993** or failure of the xOpen call.
994**
995** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
996** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
997** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
998** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
999** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1000** directory.
1001**
1002** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1003** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1004** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1005** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1006** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1007** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1008**
1009** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1010** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1011** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1012** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1013** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1014** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1015** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1016** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1017** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1018** a floating point value.
1019** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1020** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1021** a 24-hour day).
1022** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1023** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1024** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1025** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1026**
1027** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1028** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1029** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1030** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1031** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1032** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1033** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1034** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1035** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1036** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1037** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1038*/
1039typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1040typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1041struct sqlite3_vfs {
1042  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1043  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1044  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1045  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1046  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1047  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1048  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1049               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1050  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1051  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1052  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1053  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1054  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1055  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1056  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1057  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1058  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1059  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1060  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1061  /*
1062  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1063  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1064  */
1065  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1066  /*
1067  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1068  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1069  */
1070  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1071  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1072  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1073  /*
1074  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1075  ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1076  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1077  */
1078};
1079
1080/*
1081** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1082**
1083** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1084** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1085** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1086** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1087** simply checks whether the file exists.
1088** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1089** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1090** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1091** the directory).
1092** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1093** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1094** release of SQLite.
1095** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1096** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1097** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1098** SQLite.
1099*/
1100#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1101#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1102#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1103
1104/*
1105** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1106**
1107** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1108** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1109** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1110** xShmLock method:
1111**
1112** <ul>
1113** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1114** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1115** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1116** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1117** </ul>
1118**
1119** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1120** was given no the corresponding lock.
1121**
1122** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1123** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1124** and EXCLUSIVE.
1125*/
1126#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1127#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1128#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1129#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1130
1131/*
1132** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1133**
1134** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1135** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1136** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1137** lock outside of this range
1138*/
1139#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1140
1141
1142/*
1143** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1144**
1145** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1146** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1147** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1148** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1149** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1150** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1151**
1152** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1153** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1154** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1155** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1156** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1157** are harmless no-ops.)^
1158**
1159** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1160** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1161** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1162** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1163**
1164** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1165** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1166** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1167** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1168** sqlite3_shutdown().
1169**
1170** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1171** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1172** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1173**
1174** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1175** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1176** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1177** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1178**
1179** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1180** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1181** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1182** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1183** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1184** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1185** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1186** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1187** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1188** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1189** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1190** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1191** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1192** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1193**
1194** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1195** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1196** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1197** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1198** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1199** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1200** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1201**
1202** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1203** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1204** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1205** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1206** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1207** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1208** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1209** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1210** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1211** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1212** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1213** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1214** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1215** failure.
1216*/
1217int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1218int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1219int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1220int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1221
1222/*
1223** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1224**
1225** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1226** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1227** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1228** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1229** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1230**
1231** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1232** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1233** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1234** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1235** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1236** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1237** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1238** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1239** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1240**
1241** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1242** [configuration option] that determines
1243** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1244** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1245** in the first argument.
1246**
1247** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1248** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1249** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1250*/
1251int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1252
1253/*
1254** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1255**
1256** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1257** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1258** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1259** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1260**
1261** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1262** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1263** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1264** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1265**
1266** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1267** the call is considered successful.
1268*/
1269int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1270
1271/*
1272** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1273**
1274** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1275** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1276**
1277** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1278** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1279** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1280** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1281** By creating an instance of this object
1282** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1283** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1284** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1285** dynamic memory needs.
1286**
1287** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1288** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1289** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1290** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1291** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1292** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1293** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1294** conditions.
1295**
1296** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1297** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1298** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1299** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1300**
1301** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1302** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1303** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1304**
1305** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1306** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1307** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1308** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1309** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1310** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1311** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1312**
1313** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  (For example,
1314** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1315** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1316** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1317** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1318** xInit and xShutdown.
1319**
1320** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1321** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1322** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1323** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1324** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1325** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1326** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1327** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1328** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1329** serialization.
1330**
1331** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1332** call to xShutdown().
1333*/
1334typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1335struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1336  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1337  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1338  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1339  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1340  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1341  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1342  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1343  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1344};
1345
1346/*
1347** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1348** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1349**
1350** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1351** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1352**
1353** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1354** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1355** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1356** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1357** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1358** is invoked.
1359**
1360** <dl>
1361** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1362** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1363** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1364** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1365** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1366** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1367** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1368** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1369** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1370** configuration option.</dd>
1371**
1372** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1373** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1374** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1375** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1376** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1377** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1378** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1379** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1380** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1381** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1382** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1383** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1384** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1385**
1386** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1387** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1388** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1389** all mutexes including the recursive
1390** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1391** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1392** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1393** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1394** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1395** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1396** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1397** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1398** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1399** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1400** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1401**
1402** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1403** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1404** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1405** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1406** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1407** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1408** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1409**
1410** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1411** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1412** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1413** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1414** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1415** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1416** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1417**
1418** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1419** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1420** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1421** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1422** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1423**   <ul>
1424**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1425**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1426**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1427**   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1428**   </ul>)^
1429** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1430** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1431** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1432** </dd>
1433**
1434** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1435** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1436** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1437** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1438** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1439** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1440** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1441** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1442** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1443** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1444** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1445** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1446** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1447** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1448** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1449**
1450** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1451** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1452** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1453** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1454** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1455** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1456** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1457** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1458** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1459** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1460** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1461** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1462** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1463** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1464** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1465** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1466** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1467** The pointer in the first argument must
1468** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1469** will be undefined.</dd>
1470**
1471** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1472** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1473** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1474** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1475** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1476** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1477** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1478** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1479** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1480** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1481** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1482** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1483** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1484** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1485** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1486** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1487**
1488** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1489** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1490** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1491** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1492** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1493** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1494** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1495** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1496** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1497** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1498** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1499**
1500** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1501** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1502** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1503** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1504** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1505** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1506** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1507** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1508** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1509** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1510** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1511** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1512**
1513** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1514** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1515** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1516** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1517** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1518** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1519** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1520** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1521** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1522**
1523** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1524** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1525** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1526** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1527** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1528**
1529** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1530** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1531** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1532** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1533**
1534** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1535** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1536** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1537** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1538** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1539** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1540** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1541** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1542** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1543** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1544** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1545** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1546** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1547** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1548** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1549** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1550** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1551**
1552** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1553** <dd> This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1554** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1555** is globally disabled. If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1556** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1557** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1558** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1559** connection is opened. If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1560** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1561** database connection is opened. By default, URI handling is globally
1562** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1563** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.
1564**
1565** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1566** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1567** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1568** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1569** </dl>
1570*/
1571#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1572#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1573#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1574#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1575#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1576#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1577#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1578#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1579#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1580#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1581#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1582/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1583#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1584#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1585#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1586#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1587#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1588#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1589#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1590
1591/*
1592** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1593**
1594** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1595** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1596**
1597** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1598** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1599** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1600** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1601** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1602** is invoked.
1603**
1604** <dl>
1605** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1606** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1607** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1608** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1609** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1610** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1611** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1612** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1613** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1614** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1615** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1616** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1617** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1618** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1619** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1620** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1621** when the "current value" returned by
1622** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1623** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1624** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1625** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1626**
1627** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1628** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1629** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1630** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1631** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1632** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1633** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1634** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1635** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1636**
1637** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1638** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1639** There should be two additional arguments.
1640** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1641** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1642** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1643** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1644** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1645** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1646**
1647** </dl>
1648*/
1649#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1650#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1651#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1652
1653
1654/*
1655** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1656**
1657** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1658** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1659** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1660*/
1661int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1662
1663/*
1664** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1665**
1666** ^Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
1667** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1668** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1669** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1670** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1671** is another alias for the rowid.
1672**
1673** ^This routine returns the [rowid] of the most recent
1674** successful [INSERT] into the database from the [database connection]
1675** in the first argument.  ^As of SQLite version 3.7.7, this routines
1676** records the last insert rowid of both ordinary tables and [virtual tables].
1677** ^If no successful [INSERT]s
1678** have ever occurred on that database connection, zero is returned.
1679**
1680** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1681** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1682** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1683** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1684** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1685** table method began.)^
1686**
1687** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1688** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1689** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1690** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1691** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1692** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1693** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1694** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1695** the return value of this interface.)^
1696**
1697** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1698** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1699**
1700** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1701** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1702**
1703** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1704** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1705** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1706** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1707** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1708** last insert [rowid].
1709*/
1710sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1711
1712/*
1713** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1714**
1715** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1716** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1717** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1718** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1719** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1720** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1721** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1722** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1723**
1724** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1725** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1726**
1727** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1728** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1729** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1730** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1731** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1732**
1733** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1734** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1735** Most SQL statements are
1736** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1737** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1738** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1739** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1740**
1741** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1742** not create a new trigger context.
1743**
1744** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1745** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1746** trigger context.
1747**
1748** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1749** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1750** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1751** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1752** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1753** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1754** However, the number returned does not include changes
1755** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1756**
1757** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1758** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1759**
1760** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1761** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1762** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1763*/
1764int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1765
1766/*
1767** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1768**
1769** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1770** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1771** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1772** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1773** [foreign key actions]. However,
1774** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1775** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1776** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1777** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1778** are counted.)^
1779** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1780** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1781** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1782**
1783** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1784** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1785**
1786** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1787** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1788** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1789*/
1790int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1791
1792/*
1793** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1794**
1795** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1796** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1797** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1798** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1799** immediately.
1800**
1801** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1802** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1803** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1804** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1805**
1806** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1807** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1808** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1809**
1810** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1811** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1812** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1813** will be rolled back automatically.
1814**
1815** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1816** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1817** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1818** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1819** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1820** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1821** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1822** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1823** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1824** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1825**
1826** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1827** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1828*/
1829void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1830
1831/*
1832** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1833**
1834** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1835** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1836** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
1837** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
1838** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
1839** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
1840** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
1841** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
1842** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
1843** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
1844** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
1845**
1846** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
1847** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
1848**
1849** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
1850** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
1851**
1852** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
1853** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1854** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
1855** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
1856** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
1857**
1858** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
1859** UTF-8 string.
1860**
1861** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
1862** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
1863*/
1864int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
1865int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
1866
1867/*
1868** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
1869**
1870** ^This routine sets a callback function that might be invoked whenever
1871** an attempt is made to open a database table that another thread
1872** or process has locked.
1873**
1874** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1875** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
1876** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
1877**
1878** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
1879** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
1880** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
1881** been invoked for this locking event.  ^If the
1882** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
1883** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
1884** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
1885** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
1886**
1887** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
1888** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
1889** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
1890** or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] instead of invoking the busy handler.
1891** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
1892** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
1893** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
1894** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
1895** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
1896** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
1897** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
1898** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
1899** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
1900** the second process to proceed.
1901**
1902** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
1903**
1904** ^The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
1905** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
1906** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  SQLite will
1907** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
1908** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
1909** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
1910** readers.  ^If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
1911** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
1912** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
1913** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  ^This error code promotion
1914** forces an automatic rollback of the changes.  See the
1915** <a href="/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
1916** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
1917** this is important.
1918**
1919** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
1920** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
1921** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
1922** will also set or clear the busy handler.
1923**
1924** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
1925** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  Any such actions
1926** result in undefined behavior.
1927**
1928** A busy handler must not close the database connection
1929** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
1930*/
1931int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
1932
1933/*
1934** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
1935**
1936** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
1937** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
1938** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
1939** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
1940** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
1941** [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
1942**
1943** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
1944** turns off all busy handlers.
1945**
1946** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
1947** [database connection] any any given moment.  If another busy handler
1948** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
1949** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
1950*/
1951int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
1952
1953/*
1954** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
1955**
1956** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
1957** Use of this interface is not recommended.
1958**
1959** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
1960** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
1961** complete query results from one or more queries.
1962**
1963** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
1964** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
1965** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
1966** and M be the number of columns.
1967**
1968** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
1969** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
1970** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
1971** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
1972** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
1973** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
1974**
1975** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
1976** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
1977** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
1978**
1979** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
1980** is as follows:
1981**
1982** <blockquote><pre>
1983**        Name        | Age
1984**        -----------------------
1985**        Alice       | 43
1986**        Bob         | 28
1987**        Cindy       | 21
1988** </pre></blockquote>
1989**
1990** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
1991** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
1992** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
1993**
1994** <blockquote><pre>
1995**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
1996**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
1997**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
1998**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
1999**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2000**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2001**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2002**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2003** </pre></blockquote>)^
2004**
2005** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2006** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2007** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2008** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2009**
2010** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2011** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2012** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2013** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2014** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2015** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2016**
2017** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2018** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2019** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2020** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2021** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2022** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2023** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2024*/
2025int sqlite3_get_table(
2026  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2027  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2028  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2029  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2030  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2031  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2032);
2033void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2034
2035/*
2036** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2037**
2038** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2039** from the standard C library.
2040**
2041** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2042** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2043** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2044** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2045** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2046** memory to hold the resulting string.
2047**
2048** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2049** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2050** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2051** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2052** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2053** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2054** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2055** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2056** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2057** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2058** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2059** now without breaking compatibility.
2060**
2061** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2062** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2063** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2064** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2065** written will be n-1 characters.
2066**
2067** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2068**
2069** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2070** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2071** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2072** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2073**
2074** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2075** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2076** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2077** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2078** the string.
2079**
2080** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2081**
2082** <blockquote><pre>
2083**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2084** </pre></blockquote>
2085**
2086** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2087**
2088** <blockquote><pre>
2089**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2090**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2091**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2092** </pre></blockquote>
2093**
2094** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2095** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2096**
2097** <blockquote><pre>
2098**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2099** </pre></blockquote>
2100**
2101** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2102** would have looked like this:
2103**
2104** <blockquote><pre>
2105**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2106** </pre></blockquote>
2107**
2108** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2109** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2110**
2111** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2112** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2113** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2114** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2115**
2116** <blockquote><pre>
2117**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2118**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2119**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2120** </pre></blockquote>
2121**
2122** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2123** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2124**
2125** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2126** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2127** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2128*/
2129char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2130char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2131char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2132char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2133
2134/*
2135** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2136**
2137** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2138** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2139** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2140** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2141**
2142** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2143** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2144** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2145** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2146** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2147** a NULL pointer.
2148**
2149** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2150** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2151** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2152** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2153** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2154** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2155** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2156** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2157** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2158** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2159**
2160** ^(The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
2161** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
2162** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
2163** parameter.)^ ^ If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
2164** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2165** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2166** ^If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
2167** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2168** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
2169** ^sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2170** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
2171** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2172** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2173** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
2174** ^If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
2175** is not freed.
2176**
2177** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc()
2178** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2179** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2180** option is used.
2181**
2182** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2183** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2184** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2185** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2186**
2187** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2188** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2189** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2190** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2191** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2192** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2193** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2194**
2195** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2196** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2197** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2198** not yet been released.
2199**
2200** The application must not read or write any part of
2201** a block of memory after it has been released using
2202** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2203*/
2204void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2205void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2206void sqlite3_free(void*);
2207
2208/*
2209** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2210**
2211** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2212** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2213** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2214**
2215** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2216** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2217** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2218** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2219** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2220** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2221** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2222** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2223** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2224**
2225** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2226** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2227** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2228** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2229** prior to the reset.
2230*/
2231sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2232sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2233
2234/*
2235** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2236**
2237** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2238** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2239** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2240** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2241** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2242**
2243** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2244**
2245** ^The first time this routine is invoked (either internally or by
2246** the application) the PRNG is seeded using randomness obtained
2247** from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2248** ^On all subsequent invocations, the pseudo-randomness is generated
2249** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2250** method.
2251*/
2252void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2253
2254/*
2255** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2256**
2257** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2258** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2259** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2260** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2261** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2262** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2263** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2264** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2265** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2266** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2267** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2268** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2269** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2270** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2271** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2272**
2273** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2274** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2275** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2276** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2277** access is denied.
2278**
2279** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2280** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2281** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2282** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2283** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2284** details about the action to be authorized.
2285**
2286** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2287** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2288** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2289** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2290** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2291** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2292** columns of a table.
2293** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2294** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2295** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2296**
2297** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2298** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2299** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2300** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2301** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2302** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2303** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2304** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2305** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2306** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2307**
2308** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2309** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2310** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2311** in addition to using an authorizer.
2312**
2313** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2314** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2315** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2316** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2317**
2318** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2319** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2320** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2321** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2322**
2323** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2324** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2325** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2326** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2327**
2328** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2329** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2330** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2331** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2332** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2333*/
2334int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2335  sqlite3*,
2336  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2337  void *pUserData
2338);
2339
2340/*
2341** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2342**
2343** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2344** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2345** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2346** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2347** information.
2348**
2349** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [SQLITE_ROLLBACK | return code]
2350** from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2351*/
2352#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2353#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2354
2355/*
2356** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2357**
2358** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2359** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2360** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2361** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2362** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2363**
2364** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2365** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2366** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2367** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2368** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2369** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2370** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2371** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2372** top-level SQL code.
2373*/
2374/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2375#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2376#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2377#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2378#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2379#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2380#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2381#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2382#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2383#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2384#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2385#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2386#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2387#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2388#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2389#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2390#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2391#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2392#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2393#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2394#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2395#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2396#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2397#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2398#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2399#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2400#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2401#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2402#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2403#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2404#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2405#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2406#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2407#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2408
2409/*
2410** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2411**
2412** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2413** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2414**
2415** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2416** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2417** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2418** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2419** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2420** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2421** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2422**
2423** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2424** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2425** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2426** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2427** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2428** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2429** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2430** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2431** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2432** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2433*/
2434void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2435SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2436   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2437
2438/*
2439** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2440**
2441** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2442** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2443** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2444** database connection D.  An example use for this
2445** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2446**
2447** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2448** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the number of
2449** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2450** invocations of the callback X.
2451**
2452** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2453** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2454** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2455** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2456** than 1.
2457**
2458** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2459** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2460** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2461**
2462** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2463** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2464** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2465** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2466**
2467*/
2468void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2469
2470/*
2471** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2472**
2473** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2474** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2475** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2476** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2477** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2478** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2479** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2480** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2481** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2482** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2483** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2484** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2485**
2486** ^The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
2487** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2() is called and
2488** UTF-16 in the native byte order if sqlite3_open16() is used.
2489**
2490** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2491** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2492** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2493**
2494** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2495** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2496** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2497** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2498** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2499** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2500** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2501**
2502** <dl>
2503** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2504** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2505** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2506**
2507** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2508** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2509** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2510** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2511**
2512** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2513** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2514** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2515** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2516** </dl>
2517**
2518** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2519** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2520** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2521** then the behavior is undefined.
2522**
2523** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2524** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2525** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2526** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2527** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2528** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2529** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2530** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2531** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2532** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2533** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2534**
2535** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2536** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2537** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2538** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2539**
2540** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2541** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2542** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2543** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2544** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2545** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2546** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2547**
2548** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2549** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2550** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2551**
2552** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2553**
2554** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2555** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2556** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2557** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2558** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2559** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2560** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2561** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2562** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2563** information.
2564**
2565** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2566** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2567** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2568** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2569** present, is ignored.
2570**
2571** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2572** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2573** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2574** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2575** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2576** ^On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2577** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").
2578**
2579** [[core URI query parameters]]
2580** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2581** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2582** SQLite interprets the following three query parameters:
2583**
2584** <ul>
2585**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2586**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2587**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2588**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2589**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2590**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2591**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2592**
2593**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2594**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2595**     an error)^.
2596**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2597**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2598**     third argument to sqlite3_prepare_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2599**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2600**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2601**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2602**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2603**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2604**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2605**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2606**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2607**
2608**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2609**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2610**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2611**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2612**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2613**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2614**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behaviour requested by setting
2615**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2616** </ul>
2617**
2618** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2619** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2620** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2621** additional information.
2622**
2623** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2624**
2625** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2626** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2627** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2628**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2629** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2630**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2631**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2632**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2633** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2634**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2635** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2636**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2637**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2638**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2639**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2640**          in URI filenames.
2641** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2642**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2643**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2644**          default, use a private cache.
2645** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-nolock <td>
2646**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-nolock".
2647** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2648**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2649** </table>
2650**
2651** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2652** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2653** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2654** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2655** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2656** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2657** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2658** the results are undefined.
2659**
2660** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2661** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2662** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2663** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2664** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2665*/
2666int sqlite3_open(
2667  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2668  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2669);
2670int sqlite3_open16(
2671  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2672  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2673);
2674int sqlite3_open_v2(
2675  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2676  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2677  int flags,              /* Flags */
2678  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2679);
2680
2681/*
2682** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2683**
2684** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2685** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2686** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2687**
2688** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2689** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2690** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2691** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2692** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2693** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2694** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2695** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2696** a pointer to an empty string.
2697**
2698** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2699** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2700** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2701** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2702** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2703** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2704** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2705** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2706** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2707** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2708**
2709** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2710** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2711** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2712** zero is returned.
2713**
2714** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2715** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2716** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2717** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2718** undesirable.
2719*/
2720const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2721int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2722sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2723
2724
2725/*
2726** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2727**
2728** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2729** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2730** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2731** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2732** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2733** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2734** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2735** disabled.
2736**
2737** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2738** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2739** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2740** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2741** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2742** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2743**
2744** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2745** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2746** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2747** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2748** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2749** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2750** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2751** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2752** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2753**
2754** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2755** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2756** error code and message may or may not be set.
2757*/
2758int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2759int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2760const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2761const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2762
2763/*
2764** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2765** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2766**
2767** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2768** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2769** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2770**
2771** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2772**
2773** <ol>
2774** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2775**      function.
2776** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2777**      interfaces.
2778** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
2779** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
2780**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
2781** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
2782** </ol>
2783**
2784** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
2785** information.
2786*/
2787typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
2788
2789/*
2790** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
2791**
2792** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
2793** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
2794** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
2795** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
2796** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
2797** new limit for that construct.)^
2798**
2799** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
2800** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
2801** [limits | hard upper bound]
2802** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
2803** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
2804** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
2805** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
2806** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
2807**
2808** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
2809** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
2810** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
2811** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
2812**
2813** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
2814** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
2815** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
2816** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
2817** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
2818** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
2819** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
2820** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
2821** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
2822** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
2823** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
2824** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
2825**
2826** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
2827*/
2828int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
2829
2830/*
2831** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
2832** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
2833**
2834** These constants define various performance limits
2835** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
2836** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
2837** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
2838**
2839** <dl>
2840** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
2841** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
2842**
2843** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
2844** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
2845**
2846** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
2847** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
2848** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
2849** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
2850**
2851** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
2852** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
2853**
2854** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
2855** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
2856**
2857** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
2858** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
2859** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
2860** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
2861** SQLite.</dd>)^
2862**
2863** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
2864** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
2865**
2866** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
2867** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
2868**
2869** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
2870** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
2871** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
2872** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
2873**
2874** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
2875** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
2876** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
2877**
2878** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
2879** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
2880** </dl>
2881*/
2882#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
2883#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
2884#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
2885#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
2886#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
2887#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
2888#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
2889#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
2890#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
2891#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
2892#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
2893
2894/*
2895** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
2896** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
2897**
2898** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
2899** program using one of these routines.
2900**
2901** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
2902** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
2903** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
2904**
2905** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
2906** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
2907** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
2908** use UTF-16.
2909**
2910** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
2911** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
2912** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
2913** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
2914** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
2915** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
2916** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
2917** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
2918** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
2919** make a copy of the input string.
2920**
2921** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
2922** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
2923** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
2924** what remains uncompiled.
2925**
2926** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
2927** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
2928** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
2929** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
2930** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
2931** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
2932** ppStmt may not be NULL.
2933**
2934** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
2935** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
2936**
2937** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
2938** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
2939** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
2940** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
2941** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
2942** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
2943** behave differently in three ways:
2944**
2945** <ol>
2946** <li>
2947** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
2948** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
2949** statement and try to run it again.
2950** </li>
2951**
2952** <li>
2953** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
2954** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
2955** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
2956** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
2957** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
2958** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
2959** </li>
2960**
2961** <li>
2962** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
2963** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
2964** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
2965** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
2966** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
2967** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
2968** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
2969** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
2970** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
2971** the
2972** </li>
2973** </ol>
2974*/
2975int sqlite3_prepare(
2976  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2977  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2978  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2979  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2980  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2981);
2982int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
2983  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2984  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
2985  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2986  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2987  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2988);
2989int sqlite3_prepare16(
2990  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2991  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2992  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
2993  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
2994  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
2995);
2996int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
2997  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
2998  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
2999  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3000  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3001  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3002);
3003
3004/*
3005** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3006**
3007** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3008** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3009** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3010*/
3011const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3012
3013/*
3014** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3015**
3016** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3017** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3018** the content of the database file.
3019**
3020** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3021** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3022** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3023** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3024** change the database file through side-effects:
3025**
3026** <blockquote><pre>
3027**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3028** </pre></blockquote>
3029**
3030** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3031** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3032**
3033** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3034** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3035** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3036** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3037** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3038** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3039** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3040** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3041*/
3042int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3043
3044/*
3045** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3046**
3047** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3048** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3049** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3050** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3051** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3052** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3053** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3054**
3055** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3056** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3057** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3058** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3059** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3060*/
3061int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3062
3063/*
3064** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3065** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3066**
3067** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3068** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3069** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3070** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3071**
3072** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3073** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3074** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3075** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3076** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3077**
3078** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3079** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3080** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3081** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3082** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3083** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3084** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3085** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3086** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3087** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3088** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3089** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3090**
3091** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3092** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3093** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3094** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3095** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3096** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3097** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3098** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3099*/
3100typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3101
3102/*
3103** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3104**
3105** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3106** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3107** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3108** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3109** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3110** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3111** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3112** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3113*/
3114typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3115
3116/*
3117** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3118** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3119** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3120**
3121** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3122** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3123** templates:
3124**
3125** <ul>
3126** <li>  ?
3127** <li>  ?NNN
3128** <li>  :VVV
3129** <li>  @VVV
3130** <li>  $VVV
3131** </ul>
3132**
3133** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3134** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3135** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3136** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3137**
3138** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3139** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3140** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3141**
3142** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3143** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3144** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3145** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3146** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3147** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3148** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3149** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3150** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3151**
3152** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3153**
3154** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3155** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3156** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3157** ^If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
3158** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3159** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3160** or sqlite3_bind_text16() then that parameter must be the byte offset
3161** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3162** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3163** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3164** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3165** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3166**
3167** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
3168** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3169** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3170** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
3171** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.
3172** ^If the fifth argument is
3173** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3174** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3175** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3176** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3177** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3178**
3179** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3180** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3181** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3182** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3183** content is later written using
3184** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3185** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3186**
3187** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3188** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3189** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3190** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3191** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3192** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3193**
3194** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3195** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3196**
3197** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3198** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3199** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3200** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3201**
3202** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3203** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3204*/
3205int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3206int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3207int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3208int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3209int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3210int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3211int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3212int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3213int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3214
3215/*
3216** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3217**
3218** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3219** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3220** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3221** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3222** to the parameters at a later time.
3223**
3224** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3225** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3226** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3227** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3228**
3229** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3230** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3231** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3232*/
3233int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3234
3235/*
3236** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3237**
3238** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3239** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3240** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3241** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3242** respectively.
3243** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3244** is included as part of the name.)^
3245** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3246** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3247**
3248** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3249**
3250** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3251** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3252** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3253** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3254** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3255**
3256** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3257** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3258** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3259*/
3260const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3261
3262/*
3263** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3264**
3265** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3266** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3267** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3268** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3269** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3270** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3271**
3272** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3273** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3274** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3275*/
3276int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3277
3278/*
3279** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3280**
3281** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3282** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3283** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3284*/
3285int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3286
3287/*
3288** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3289**
3290** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3291** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3292** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3293**
3294** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3295*/
3296int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3297
3298/*
3299** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3300**
3301** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3302** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3303** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3304** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3305** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3306** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3307** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3308**
3309** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3310** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3311** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3312** or until the next call to
3313** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3314**
3315** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3316** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3317** NULL pointer is returned.
3318**
3319** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3320** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3321** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3322** one release of SQLite to the next.
3323*/
3324const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3325const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3326
3327/*
3328** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3329**
3330** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3331** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3332** [SELECT] statement.
3333** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3334** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3335** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3336** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3337** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3338** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3339** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3340** or until the same information is requested
3341** again in a different encoding.
3342**
3343** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3344** database, table, and column.
3345**
3346** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3347** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3348** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3349** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3350**
3351** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3352** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3353** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3354** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3355** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3356**
3357** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3358** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3359**
3360** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3361** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3362**
3363** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3364** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3365** undefined.
3366**
3367** If two or more threads call one or more
3368** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3369** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3370** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3371*/
3372const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3373const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3374const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3375const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3376const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3377const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3378
3379/*
3380** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3381**
3382** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3383** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3384** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3385** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3386** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3387** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3388** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3389**
3390** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3391**
3392** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3393**
3394** and the following statement to be compiled:
3395**
3396** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3397**
3398** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3399** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3400**
3401** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3402** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3403** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3404** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3405** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3406** used to hold those values.
3407*/
3408const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3409const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3410
3411/*
3412** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3413**
3414** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3415** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3416** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3417** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3418**
3419** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3420** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3421** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3422** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3423** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3424** interface will continue to be supported.
3425**
3426** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3427** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3428** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3429** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3430**
3431** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3432** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3433** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3434** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3435** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3436** continuing.
3437**
3438** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3439** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3440** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3441** machine back to its initial state.
3442**
3443** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3444** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3445** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3446** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3447**
3448** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3449** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3450** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3451** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3452** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3453** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3454** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3455** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3456**
3457** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3458** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3459** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3460** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3461** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3462** more threads at the same moment in time.
3463**
3464** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3465** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3466** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3467** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3468** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3469** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3470** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3471** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3472** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3473** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3474** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3475**
3476** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3477** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3478** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3479** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3480** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3481** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3482** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3483** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3484** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3485** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3486** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3487*/
3488int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3489
3490/*
3491** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3492**
3493** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3494** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3495** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3496** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3497** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3498** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3499** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3500** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3501** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3502** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3503** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3504** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3505**
3506** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3507*/
3508int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3509
3510/*
3511** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3512** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3513**
3514** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3515**
3516** <ul>
3517** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3518** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3519** <li> string
3520** <li> BLOB
3521** <li> NULL
3522** </ul>)^
3523**
3524** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3525**
3526** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3527** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3528** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3529** SQLITE_TEXT.
3530*/
3531#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3532#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3533#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3534#define SQLITE_NULL     5
3535#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3536# undef SQLITE_TEXT
3537#else
3538# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3539#endif
3540#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3541
3542/*
3543** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3544** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3545**
3546** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3547**
3548** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3549** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3550** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3551** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3552** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3553** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3554** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3555** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3556**
3557** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3558** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3559** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3560** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3561** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3562** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3563** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3564** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3565** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3566** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3567** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3568**
3569** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3570** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3571** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3572** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3573** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3574** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3575** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3576** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3577** following a type conversion.
3578**
3579** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3580** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3581** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3582** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3583** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3584** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3585** the number of bytes in that string.
3586** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3587**
3588** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3589** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3590** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3591** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3592** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3593** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3594** the number of bytes in that string.
3595** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3596**
3597** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3598** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3599** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3600** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3601** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3602**
3603** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3604** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3605** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3606**
3607** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3608** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3609** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3610** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3611** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3612** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3613** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3614**
3615** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3616** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3617** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3618** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3619** that are applied:
3620**
3621** <blockquote>
3622** <table border="1">
3623** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3624**
3625** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3626** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3627** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3628** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is NULL pointer
3629** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3630** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3631** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3632** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert from float to integer
3633** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3634** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as FLOAT->TEXT
3635** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> Use atoi()
3636** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Use atof()
3637** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3638** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> Convert to TEXT then use atoi()
3639** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert to TEXT then use atof()
3640** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3641** </table>
3642** </blockquote>)^
3643**
3644** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3645** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3646** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3647** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3648** C programmers.
3649**
3650** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3651** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3652** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3653** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3654** in the following cases:
3655**
3656** <ul>
3657** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3658**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3659**      need to be added to the string.</li>
3660** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3661**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3662**      to UTF-16.</li>
3663** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3664**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3665**      to UTF-8.</li>
3666** </ul>
3667**
3668** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3669** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3670** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3671** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3672** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3673**
3674** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3675** in one of the following ways:
3676**
3677** <ul>
3678**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3679**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3680**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3681** </ul>
3682**
3683** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3684** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3685** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3686** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3687** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3688** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3689** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3690**
3691** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3692** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3693** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3694** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3695** [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3696** [sqlite3_free()].
3697**
3698** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3699** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3700** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3701** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3702** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3703*/
3704const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3705int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3706int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3707double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3708int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3709sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3710const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3711const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3712int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3713sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3714
3715/*
3716** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3717**
3718** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3719** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3720** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3721** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3722** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3723** [extended error code].
3724**
3725** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3726** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3727** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3728** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3729** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3730** completed execution.
3731**
3732** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3733**
3734** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3735** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3736** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3737** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3738** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3739*/
3740int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3741
3742/*
3743** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3744**
3745** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3746** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3747** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3748** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3749** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3750**
3751** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
3752** back to the beginning of its program.
3753**
3754** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3755** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
3756** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
3757** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
3758**
3759** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
3760** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
3761** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
3762**
3763** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
3764** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
3765*/
3766int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3767
3768/*
3769** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
3770** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
3771** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
3772** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
3773**
3774** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
3775** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
3776** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
3777** these routines are the text encoding expected for
3778** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
3779** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
3780** the application data pointer.
3781**
3782** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
3783** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
3784** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
3785** to each database connection separately.
3786**
3787** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
3788** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
3789** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
3790** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
3791** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
3792** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
3793**
3794** ^The third parameter (nArg)
3795** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
3796** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
3797** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
3798** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
3799** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
3800** undefined.
3801**
3802** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
3803** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
3804** its parameters.  Every SQL function implementation must be able to work
3805** with UTF-8, UTF-16le, or UTF-16be.  But some implementations may be
3806** more efficient with one encoding than another.  ^An application may
3807** invoke sqlite3_create_function() or sqlite3_create_function16() multiple
3808** times with the same function but with different values of eTextRep.
3809** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
3810** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
3811** If there is only a single implementation which does not care what text
3812** encoding is used, then the fourth argument should be [SQLITE_ANY].
3813**
3814** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
3815** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
3816**
3817** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
3818** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
3819** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
3820** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
3821** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
3822** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
3823** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
3824** callbacks.
3825**
3826** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
3827** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
3828** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
3829** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
3830** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
3831** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
3832** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
3833** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
3834** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
3835**
3836** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
3837** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
3838** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
3839** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
3840** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
3841** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
3842** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
3843** matches the database encoding is a better
3844** match than a function where the encoding is different.
3845** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
3846** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
3847** between UTF8 and UTF16.
3848**
3849** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
3850**
3851** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
3852** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
3853** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
3854** statement in which the function is running.
3855*/
3856int sqlite3_create_function(
3857  sqlite3 *db,
3858  const char *zFunctionName,
3859  int nArg,
3860  int eTextRep,
3861  void *pApp,
3862  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3863  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3864  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3865);
3866int sqlite3_create_function16(
3867  sqlite3 *db,
3868  const void *zFunctionName,
3869  int nArg,
3870  int eTextRep,
3871  void *pApp,
3872  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3873  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3874  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
3875);
3876int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
3877  sqlite3 *db,
3878  const char *zFunctionName,
3879  int nArg,
3880  int eTextRep,
3881  void *pApp,
3882  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3883  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
3884  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
3885  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
3886);
3887
3888/*
3889** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
3890**
3891** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
3892** text encodings supported by SQLite.
3893*/
3894#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
3895#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
3896#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
3897#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
3898#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* sqlite3_create_function only */
3899#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
3900
3901/*
3902** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
3903** DEPRECATED
3904**
3905** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
3906** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
3907** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
3908** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
3909** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
3910*/
3911#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
3912SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
3913SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
3914SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
3915SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
3916SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
3917SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);
3918#endif
3919
3920/*
3921** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
3922**
3923** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
3924** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
3925** the function or aggregate.
3926**
3927** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
3928** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
3929** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
3930** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
3931** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
3932** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
3933** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
3934**
3935** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
3936** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
3937** object results in undefined behavior.
3938**
3939** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
3940** except that  these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
3941** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
3942**
3943** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
3944** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
3945** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
3946** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
3947**
3948** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
3949** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
3950** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
3951** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
3952** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
3953** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
3954** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
3955**
3956** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
3957** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
3958** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
3959** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3960** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
3961**
3962** These routines must be called from the same thread as
3963** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
3964*/
3965const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
3966int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
3967int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
3968double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
3969int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
3970sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
3971const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
3972const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
3973const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
3974const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
3975int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
3976int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
3977
3978/*
3979** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
3980**
3981** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
3982** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
3983**
3984** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
3985** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
3986** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
3987** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
3988** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
3989** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
3990** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
3991** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
3992** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
3993** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
3994** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
3995** first time from within xFinal().)^
3996**
3997** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer if N is
3998** less than or equal to zero or if a memory allocate error occurs.
3999**
4000** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4001** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4002** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4003** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4004** allocation.)^
4005**
4006** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4007** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4008**
4009** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4010** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4011** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4012** function.
4013**
4014** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4015** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4016*/
4017void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4018
4019/*
4020** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4021**
4022** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4023** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4024** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4025** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4026** registered the application defined function.
4027**
4028** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4029** the application-defined function is running.
4030*/
4031void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4032
4033/*
4034** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4035**
4036** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4037** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4038** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4039** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4040** registered the application defined function.
4041*/
4042sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4043
4044/*
4045** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4046**
4047** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
4048** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4049** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4050** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved. This may
4051** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
4052** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as
4053** metadata associated with the SQL value passed as the regular expression
4054** pattern.  The compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4055** invocations of the same function so that the original pattern string
4056** does not need to be recompiled on each invocation.
4057**
4058** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4059** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4060** value to the application-defined function. ^If no metadata has been ever
4061** been set for the Nth argument of the function, or if the corresponding
4062** function parameter has changed since the meta-data was set,
4063** then sqlite3_get_auxdata() returns a NULL pointer.
4064**
4065** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface saves the metadata
4066** pointed to by its 3rd parameter as the metadata for the N-th
4067** argument of the application-defined function.  Subsequent
4068** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata() might return this data, if it has
4069** not been destroyed.
4070** ^If it is not NULL, SQLite will invoke the destructor
4071** function given by the 4th parameter to sqlite3_set_auxdata() on
4072** the metadata when the corresponding function parameter changes
4073** or when the SQL statement completes, whichever comes first.
4074**
4075** SQLite is free to call the destructor and drop metadata on any
4076** parameter of any function at any time.  ^The only guarantee is that
4077** the destructor will be called before the metadata is dropped.
4078**
4079** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4080** expressions that are constant at compile time. This includes literal
4081** values and [parameters].)^
4082**
4083** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4084** the SQL function is running.
4085*/
4086void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4087void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4088
4089
4090/*
4091** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4092**
4093** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4094** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4095** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4096** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4097** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4098** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4099** the content before returning.
4100**
4101** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4102** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
4103*/
4104typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4105#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4106#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4107
4108/*
4109** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4110**
4111** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4112** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4113** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4114** for additional information.
4115**
4116** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4117** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4118** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4119**
4120** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4121** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4122** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4123** third parameter.
4124**
4125** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4126** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4127** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4128**
4129** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4130** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4131** by its 2nd argument.
4132**
4133** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4134** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4135** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4136** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4137** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4138** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4139** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4140** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4141** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4142** message all text up through the first zero character.
4143** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4144** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4145** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4146** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4147** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4148** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4149** modify the text after they return without harm.
4150** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4151** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4152** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4153** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4154**
4155** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4156** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4157**
4158** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4159** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4160**
4161** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4162** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4163** value given in the 2nd argument.
4164** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4165** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4166** value given in the 2nd argument.
4167**
4168** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4169** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4170**
4171** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4172** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4173** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4174** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4175** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4176** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4177** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4178** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4179** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4180** through the first zero character.
4181** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4182** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4183** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4184** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4185** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4186** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4187** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4188** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4189** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4190** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4191** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4192** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4193** finished using that result.
4194** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4195** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4196** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4197** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4198** when it has finished using that result.
4199** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4200** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4201** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4202** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4203**
4204** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4205** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4206** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4207** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4208** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4209** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4210** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4211** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4212** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4213**
4214** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4215** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4216** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4217*/
4218void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4219void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4220void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4221void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4222void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4223void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4224void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4225void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4226void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4227void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4228void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4229void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4230void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4231void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4232void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4233void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4234
4235/*
4236** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4237**
4238** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4239** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4240**
4241** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4242** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4243** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4244** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4245** considered to be the same name.
4246**
4247** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4248** <ul>
4249** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4250** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4251** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4252** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4253** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4254** </ul>)^
4255** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4256** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4257** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4258** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4259** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4260** on an even byte address.
4261**
4262** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4263** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4264**
4265** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4266** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4267** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4268** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4269** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4270** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4271** that collation is no longer usable.
4272**
4273** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4274** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4275** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4276** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4277** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4278** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4279** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4280** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4281** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4282** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4283** strings A, B, and C:
4284**
4285** <ol>
4286** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4287** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4288** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4289** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4290** </ol>
4291**
4292** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4293** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4294** is undefined.
4295**
4296** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4297** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4298** the collating function is deleted.
4299** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4300** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4301** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4302**
4303** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4304** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4305** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4306** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4307** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4308** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4309** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4310** compatibility.
4311**
4312** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4313*/
4314int sqlite3_create_collation(
4315  sqlite3*,
4316  const char *zName,
4317  int eTextRep,
4318  void *pArg,
4319  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4320);
4321int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4322  sqlite3*,
4323  const char *zName,
4324  int eTextRep,
4325  void *pArg,
4326  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4327  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4328);
4329int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4330  sqlite3*,
4331  const void *zName,
4332  int eTextRep,
4333  void *pArg,
4334  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4335);
4336
4337/*
4338** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4339**
4340** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4341** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4342** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4343** sequence is required.
4344**
4345** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4346** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4347** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4348** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4349** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4350**
4351** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4352** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4353** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4354** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4355** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4356** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4357** required collation sequence.)^
4358**
4359** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4360** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4361** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4362*/
4363int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4364  sqlite3*,
4365  void*,
4366  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4367);
4368int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4369  sqlite3*,
4370  void*,
4371  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4372);
4373
4374#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4375/*
4376** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4377** called right after sqlite3_open().
4378**
4379** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4380** of SQLite.
4381*/
4382int sqlite3_key(
4383  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4384  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4385);
4386
4387/*
4388** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4389** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4390** database is decrypted.
4391**
4392** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4393** of SQLite.
4394*/
4395int sqlite3_rekey(
4396  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4397  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4398);
4399
4400/*
4401** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4402** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4403*/
4404void sqlite3_activate_see(
4405  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4406);
4407#endif
4408
4409#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4410/*
4411** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4412** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4413*/
4414void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4415  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4416);
4417#endif
4418
4419/*
4420** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4421**
4422** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4423** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4424**
4425** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4426** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4427** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4428** requested from the operating system is returned.
4429**
4430** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4431** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4432** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4433** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4434** in the previous paragraphs.
4435*/
4436int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4437
4438/*
4439** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4440**
4441** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4442** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4443** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4444** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4445** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4446** temporary file directory.
4447**
4448** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4449** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4450** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4451** thread.
4452** It is intended that this variable be set once
4453** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4454** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4455** thereafter.
4456**
4457** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4458** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4459** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4460** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4461** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4462** using [sqlite3_free].
4463** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4464** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4465** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4466*/
4467SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4468
4469/*
4470** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4471**
4472** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4473** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4474** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4475** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4476** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4477** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4478** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4479** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4480** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4481**
4482** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4483** open can result in a corrupt database.
4484**
4485** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4486** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4487** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4488** thread.
4489** It is intended that this variable be set once
4490** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4491** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4492** thereafter.
4493**
4494** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4495** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4496** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4497** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4498** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4499** using [sqlite3_free].
4500** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4501** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4502** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4503*/
4504SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4505
4506/*
4507** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4508** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4509**
4510** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4511** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4512** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4513** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4514** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4515**
4516** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4517** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4518** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4519** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4520** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4521** an error is to use this function.
4522**
4523** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4524** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4525** is undefined.
4526*/
4527int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4528
4529/*
4530** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4531**
4532** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4533** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4534** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4535** that was the first argument
4536** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4537** create the statement in the first place.
4538*/
4539sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4540
4541/*
4542** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4543**
4544** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4545** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4546** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4547** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4548** a NULL pointer is returned.
4549**
4550** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4551** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4552** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4553** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4554*/
4555const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4556
4557/*
4558** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4559**
4560** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4561** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4562** the name of a database on connection D.
4563*/
4564int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4565
4566/*
4567** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4568**
4569** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4570** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4571** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4572** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4573** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4574**
4575** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4576** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4577** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4578*/
4579sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4580
4581/*
4582** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4583**
4584** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4585** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4586** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4587** for the same database connection is overridden.
4588** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4589** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4590** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4591** for the same database connection is overridden.
4592** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4593** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4594** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4595**
4596** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4597** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4598** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4599** the first call for each function on D.
4600**
4601** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4602** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4603** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4604** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4605** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4606** or rollback hook in the first place.
4607** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4608** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4609** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4610**
4611** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4612**
4613** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4614** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4615** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4616** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4617** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4618**
4619** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4620** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4621** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4622** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4623** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4624**
4625** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4626*/
4627void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4628void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4629
4630/*
4631** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4632**
4633** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4634** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4635** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4636** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4637** for the same database connection is overridden.
4638**
4639** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4640** row is updated, inserted or deleted.
4641** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4642** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4643** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4644** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4645** to be invoked.
4646** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4647** database and table name containing the affected row.
4648** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4649** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4650**
4651** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4652** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4653**
4654** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4655** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4656** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4657** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4658** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4659** release of SQLite.
4660**
4661** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4662** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4663** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4664** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4665** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4666** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4667**
4668** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4669** returns the P argument from the previous call
4670** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4671** the first call on D.
4672**
4673** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4674** interfaces.
4675*/
4676void *sqlite3_update_hook(
4677  sqlite3*,
4678  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
4679  void*
4680);
4681
4682/*
4683** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
4684**
4685** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
4686** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
4687** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
4688** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
4689**
4690** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
4691** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
4692** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
4693**
4694** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
4695** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
4696** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
4697** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
4698**
4699** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
4700** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
4701**
4702** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
4703** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
4704** cache setting should set it explicitly.
4705**
4706** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
4707*/
4708int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
4709
4710/*
4711** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
4712**
4713** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
4714** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
4715** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
4716** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
4717** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
4718** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
4719** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
4720** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4721**
4722** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
4723*/
4724int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
4725
4726/*
4727** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
4728**
4729** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
4730** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
4731** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is effect even
4732** when then [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
4733** omitted.
4734**
4735** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
4736*/
4737int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
4738
4739/*
4740** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
4741**
4742** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
4743** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
4744** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
4745** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
4746** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
4747** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
4748** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
4749** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
4750** is advisory only.
4751**
4752** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
4753** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
4754** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
4755** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
4756** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
4757** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
4758**
4759** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
4760**
4761** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
4762** if one or more of following conditions are true:
4763**
4764** <ul>
4765** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
4766** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
4767**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
4768**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
4769** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
4770**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
4771** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
4772**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
4773**      from the heap.
4774** </ul>)^
4775**
4776** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
4777** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
4778** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
4779** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
4780** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
4781** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
4782** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
4783** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
4784** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
4785**
4786** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
4787** changes in future releases of SQLite.
4788*/
4789sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
4790
4791/*
4792** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
4793** DEPRECATED
4794**
4795** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
4796** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
4797** only.  All new applications should use the
4798** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
4799*/
4800SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
4801
4802
4803/*
4804** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
4805**
4806** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
4807** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
4808** passed as the first function argument.
4809**
4810** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
4811** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
4812** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
4813** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
4814** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
4815** resolve unqualified table references.
4816**
4817** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
4818** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
4819** may be NULL.
4820**
4821** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
4822** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
4823** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
4824**
4825** ^(<blockquote>
4826** <table border="1">
4827** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
4828**
4829** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
4830** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
4831** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
4832** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
4833** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
4834** </table>
4835** </blockquote>)^
4836**
4837** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
4838** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
4839** call to any SQLite API function.
4840**
4841** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
4842**
4843** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
4844** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
4845** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
4846** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
4847** parameters are set as follows:
4848**
4849** <pre>
4850**     data type: "INTEGER"
4851**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
4852**     not null: 0
4853**     primary key: 1
4854**     auto increment: 0
4855** </pre>)^
4856**
4857** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
4858** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
4859** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
4860** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
4861**
4862** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
4863** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
4864*/
4865int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
4866  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
4867  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
4868  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
4869  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
4870  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
4871  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
4872  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
4873  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
4874  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
4875);
4876
4877/*
4878** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
4879**
4880** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
4881**
4882** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
4883** SQLite extension library contained in the file zFile.
4884**
4885** ^The entry point is zProc.
4886** ^zProc may be 0, in which case the name of the entry point
4887** defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
4888** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
4889** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
4890** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
4891** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
4892** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
4893** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
4894** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
4895**
4896** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
4897** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
4898** otherwise an error will be returned.
4899**
4900** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
4901*/
4902int sqlite3_load_extension(
4903  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
4904  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
4905  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
4906  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
4907);
4908
4909/*
4910** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
4911**
4912** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
4913** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
4914** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
4915** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
4916**
4917** ^Extension loading is off by default. See ticket #1863.
4918** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
4919** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
4920** it back off again.
4921*/
4922int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
4923
4924/*
4925** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
4926**
4927** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
4928** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
4929** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked SQLite extension
4930** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
4931**
4932** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
4933** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
4934** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
4935** entry point where as follows:
4936**
4937** <blockquote><pre>
4938** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
4939** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
4940** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
4941** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
4942** &nbsp;  );
4943** </pre></blockquote>)^
4944**
4945** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
4946** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
4947** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
4948** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
4949** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
4950** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
4951** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
4952**
4953** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
4954** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
4955** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
4956**
4957** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()].
4958*/
4959int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
4960
4961/*
4962** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
4963**
4964** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
4965** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
4966*/
4967void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
4968
4969/*
4970** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
4971** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
4972** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
4973**
4974** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
4975** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
4976*/
4977
4978/*
4979** Structures used by the virtual table interface
4980*/
4981typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
4982typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
4983typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
4984typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
4985
4986/*
4987** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
4988** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
4989**
4990** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
4991** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
4992** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
4993**
4994** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
4995** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
4996** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
4997** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
4998** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
4999** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5000** any database connection.
5001*/
5002struct sqlite3_module {
5003  int iVersion;
5004  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5005               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5006               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5007  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5008               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5009               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5010  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5011  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5012  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5013  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5014  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5015  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5016                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5017  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5018  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5019  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5020  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5021  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5022  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5023  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5024  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5025  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5026  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5027                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5028                       void **ppArg);
5029  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5030  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5031  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5032  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5033  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5034  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5035};
5036
5037/*
5038** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5039** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5040**
5041** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5042** of the [virtual table] interface to
5043** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5044** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5045** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5046** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5047**
5048** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5049**
5050** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5051**
5052** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5053** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5054** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5055** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5056** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5057** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5058** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5059**
5060** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5061** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5062** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5063** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5064** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5065**
5066** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5067** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5068**
5069** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5070** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5071** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5072** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5073** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5074** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5075**
5076** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5077** [xFilter] method.
5078** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5079** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5080**
5081** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5082** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5083** sorting step is required.
5084**
5085** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of doing the
5086** particular lookup.  A full scan of a table with N entries should have
5087** a cost of N.  A binary search of a table of N entries should have a
5088** cost of approximately log(N).
5089*/
5090struct sqlite3_index_info {
5091  /* Inputs */
5092  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5093  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5094     int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5095     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5096     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5097     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5098  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5099  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5100  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5101     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5102     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5103  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5104  /* Outputs */
5105  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5106    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5107    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5108  } *aConstraintUsage;
5109  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5110  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5111  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5112  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5113  double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5114};
5115
5116/*
5117** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5118**
5119** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5120** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5121** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5122** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5123*/
5124#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5125#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5126#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5127#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5128#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5129#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5130
5131/*
5132** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5133**
5134** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5135** ^Module names must be registered before
5136** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5137** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5138**
5139** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5140** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5141** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5142** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5143** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5144** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5145** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5146**
5147** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5148** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5149** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5150** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5151** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5152** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5153** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5154** destructor.
5155*/
5156int sqlite3_create_module(
5157  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5158  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5159  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5160  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5161);
5162int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5163  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5164  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5165  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5166  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5167  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5168);
5169
5170/*
5171** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5172** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5173**
5174** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5175** of this object to describe a particular instance
5176** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5177** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5178** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5179** common to all module implementations.
5180**
5181** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5182** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5183** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5184** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5185** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5186** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5187*/
5188struct sqlite3_vtab {
5189  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5190  int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5191  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5192  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5193};
5194
5195/*
5196** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5197** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5198**
5199** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5200** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5201** [virtual table] and are used
5202** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5203** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5204** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5205** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5206** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5207** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5208**
5209** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5210** are common to all implementations.
5211*/
5212struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5213  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5214  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5215};
5216
5217/*
5218** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5219**
5220** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5221** [virtual table module] call this interface
5222** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5223** the virtual tables they implement.
5224*/
5225int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5226
5227/*
5228** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5229**
5230** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5231** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5232** But global versions of those functions
5233** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5234**
5235** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5236** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5237** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5238** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5239** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5240** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5241** by a [virtual table].
5242*/
5243int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5244
5245/*
5246** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5247** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5248** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5249** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5250**
5251** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5252** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5253*/
5254
5255/*
5256** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5257** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5258**
5259** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5260** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5261** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5262** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5263** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5264** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5265** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5266*/
5267typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5268
5269/*
5270** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5271**
5272** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5273** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5274** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5275**
5276** <pre>
5277**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5278** </pre>)^
5279**
5280** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5281** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5282** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5283** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5284** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5285**
5286** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5287** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5288** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5289** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5290** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5291**
5292** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5293** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5294** to be a null pointer.)^
5295** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5296** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5297** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5298** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5299** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5300**
5301** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5302** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5303** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5304** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5305** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5306** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5307** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5308** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5309** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5310** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5311**
5312** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5313** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5314** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5315** blob.
5316**
5317** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5318** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5319** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5320** this interface.
5321**
5322** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5323** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5324*/
5325int sqlite3_blob_open(
5326  sqlite3*,
5327  const char *zDb,
5328  const char *zTable,
5329  const char *zColumn,
5330  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5331  int flags,
5332  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5333);
5334
5335/*
5336** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5337**
5338** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5339** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5340** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5341** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5342** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5343** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5344**
5345** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5346** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5347** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5348** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5349** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5350** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5351** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5352** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5353** always returns zero.
5354**
5355** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5356*/
5357SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5358
5359/*
5360** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5361**
5362** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5363**
5364** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5365** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5366** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5367** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5368** until the close operation if they will fit.
5369**
5370** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5371** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5372** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5373** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5374**
5375** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5376** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5377**
5378** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5379** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5380*/
5381int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5382
5383/*
5384** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5385**
5386** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5387** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5388** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5389** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5390**
5391** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5392** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5393** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5394** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5395*/
5396int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5397
5398/*
5399** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5400**
5401** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5402** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5403** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5404**
5405** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5406** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5407** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5408** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5409** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5410**
5411** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5412** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5413**
5414** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5415** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5416**
5417** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5418** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5419** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5420** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5421**
5422** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5423*/
5424int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5425
5426/*
5427** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5428**
5429** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5430** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5431** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5432**
5433** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5434** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5435** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5436**
5437** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5438** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5439** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5440** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5441** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5442** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5443** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5444**
5445** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5446** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5447** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5448** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5449** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5450** or by other independent statements.
5451**
5452** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5453** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5454**
5455** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5456** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5457** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5458** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5459**
5460** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5461*/
5462int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5463
5464/*
5465** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5466**
5467** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5468** that SQLite uses to interact
5469** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5470** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5471** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5472** The following interfaces are provided.
5473**
5474** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5475** ^Names are case sensitive.
5476** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5477** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5478** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5479**
5480** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5481** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5482** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5483** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5484** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5485** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5486** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5487** then the behavior is undefined.
5488**
5489** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5490** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5491** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5492*/
5493sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5494int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5495int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5496
5497/*
5498** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5499**
5500** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5501** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5502** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5503** permitted to use any of these routines.
5504**
5505** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5506** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5507** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5508** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5509**
5510** <ul>
5511** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5512** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5513** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5514** </ul>)^
5515**
5516** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5517** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5518** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5519** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5520** and Windows.
5521**
5522** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5523** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5524** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5525** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5526** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5527** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5528** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5529**
5530** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5531** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5532** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5533** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5534** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5535**
5536** <ul>
5537** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5538** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5539** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5540** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5541** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
5542** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5543** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5544** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
5545** </ul>)^
5546**
5547** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5548** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5549** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5550** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5551** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5552** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5553** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5554** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5555** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5556** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5557**
5558** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5559** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5560** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5561** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5562** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5563** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5564** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5565** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5566**
5567** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5568** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5569** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5570** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5571** the same type number.
5572**
5573** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5574** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5575** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5576** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5577** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5578** a static mutex.
5579**
5580** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5581** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5582** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5583** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5584** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5585** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5586** In such cases the,
5587** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5588** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5589** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5590** SQLite will never exhibit
5591** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5592**
5593** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5594** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5595** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5596** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5597**
5598** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5599** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5600** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5601** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5602** never do either.)^
5603**
5604** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5605** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5606** behave as no-ops.
5607**
5608** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5609*/
5610sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5611void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5612void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5613int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5614void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5615
5616/*
5617** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5618**
5619** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5620** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5621**
5622** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5623** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5624** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5625** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5626** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5627** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5628** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5629** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5630** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
5631**
5632** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
5633** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
5634** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
5635** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
5636**
5637** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
5638** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
5639** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
5640** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
5641** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
5642** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
5643**
5644** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
5645** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
5646** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
5647**
5648** <ul>
5649**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
5650**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
5651**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
5652**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
5653**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
5654**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
5655**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
5656** </ul>)^
5657**
5658** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
5659** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
5660** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
5661** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
5662** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
5663** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
5664** it is passed a NULL pointer).
5665**
5666** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
5667** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
5668** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
5669** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
5670**
5671** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
5672** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
5673** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
5674** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
5675**
5676** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
5677** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
5678** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
5679** prior to returning.
5680*/
5681typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
5682struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
5683  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
5684  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
5685  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
5686  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5687  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5688  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5689  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5690  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5691  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
5692};
5693
5694/*
5695** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
5696**
5697** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
5698** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
5699** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
5700** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
5701** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
5702** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
5703** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
5704** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
5705**
5706** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
5707** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
5708**
5709** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
5710** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
5711** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
5712** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
5713**
5714** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
5715** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
5716** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
5717** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
5718** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
5719** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
5720** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
5721** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
5722*/
5723#ifndef NDEBUG
5724int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
5725int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
5726#endif
5727
5728/*
5729** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
5730**
5731** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
5732** which is one of these integer constants.
5733**
5734** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
5735** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
5736** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
5737*/
5738#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
5739#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
5740#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
5741#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
5742#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
5743#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
5744#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
5745#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
5746#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
5747#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
5748
5749/*
5750** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
5751**
5752** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
5753** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
5754** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
5755** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
5756** routine returns a NULL pointer.
5757*/
5758sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
5759
5760/*
5761** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
5762**
5763** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
5764** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
5765** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
5766** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
5767** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
5768** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
5769** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
5770** main database file.
5771** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
5772** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
5773** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
5774** method becomes the return value of this routine.
5775**
5776** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
5777** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
5778** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
5779** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
5780** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
5781**
5782** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
5783** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
5784** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
5785** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
5786** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
5787** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
5788** xFileControl method.
5789**
5790** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
5791*/
5792int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
5793
5794/*
5795** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
5796**
5797** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
5798** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
5799** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
5800** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
5801**
5802** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
5803** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
5804** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
5805**
5806** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
5807** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
5808** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
5809** operate consistently from one release to the next.
5810*/
5811int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
5812
5813/*
5814** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
5815**
5816** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
5817** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
5818**
5819** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
5820** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
5821** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
5822** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
5823*/
5824#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
5825#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
5826#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
5827#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
5828#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
5829#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
5830#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
5831#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
5832#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
5833#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
5834#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
5835#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
5836#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
5837#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
5838#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
5839#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19
5840#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    19
5841
5842/*
5843** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
5844**
5845** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5846** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
5847** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
5848** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
5849** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
5850** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
5851** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
5852** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
5853** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
5854** value.  For those parameters
5855** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
5856** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
5857** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
5858**
5859** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5860** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5861**
5862** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
5863** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
5864** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
5865** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
5866** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
5867** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
5868**
5869** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
5870*/
5871int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
5872
5873
5874/*
5875** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
5876** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
5877**
5878** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
5879** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
5880**
5881** <dl>
5882** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
5883** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
5884** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
5885** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
5886** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
5887** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
5888** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
5889** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
5890** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
5891**
5892** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
5893** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5894** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
5895** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
5896** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5897** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5898**
5899** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
5900** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
5901** currently checked out.</dd>)^
5902**
5903** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
5904** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
5905** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
5906** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
5907** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
5908**
5909** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
5910** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
5911** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
5912** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
5913** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
5914** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
5915** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
5916** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
5917** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
5918**
5919** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
5920** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5921** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5922** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5923** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5924**
5925** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
5926** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
5927** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
5928** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
5929** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
5930** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
5931** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
5932**
5933** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
5934** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
5935** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
5936** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
5937** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
5938** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
5939** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
5940** slots were available.
5941** </dd>)^
5942**
5943** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
5944** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
5945** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
5946** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
5947** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
5948**
5949** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
5950** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
5951** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
5952** </dl>
5953**
5954** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
5955*/
5956#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
5957#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
5958#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
5959#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
5960#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
5961#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
5962#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
5963#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
5964#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
5965#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
5966
5967/*
5968** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
5969**
5970** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
5971** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
5972** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
5973** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
5974** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
5975** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
5976** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
5977** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
5978**
5979** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
5980** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
5981** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
5982** reset back down to the current value.
5983**
5984** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
5985** non-zero [error code] on failure.
5986**
5987** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
5988*/
5989int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
5990
5991/*
5992** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
5993** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
5994**
5995** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
5996** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
5997**
5998** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
5999** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6000** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6001** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6002** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6003**
6004** <dl>
6005** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6006** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6007** checked out.</dd>)^
6008**
6009** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6010** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6011** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6012** the current value is always zero.)^
6013**
6014** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6015** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6016** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6017** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6018** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6019** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6020** the current value is always zero.)^
6021**
6022** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6023** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6024** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6025** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6026** memory already being in use.
6027** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6028** the current value is always zero.)^
6029**
6030** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6031** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6032** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6033** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6034**
6035** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6036** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6037** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6038** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6039** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6040** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6041** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6042** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6043**
6044** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6045** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
6046** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6047** the database connection.)^
6048** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6049** </dd>
6050**
6051** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6052** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6053** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6054** is always 0.
6055** </dd>
6056**
6057** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6058** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6059** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6060** is always 0.
6061** </dd>
6062**
6063** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6064** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6065** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6066** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6067** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6068** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6069** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6070** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6071** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6072** </dd>
6073** </dl>
6074*/
6075#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6076#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6077#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6078#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6079#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6080#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6081#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6082#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6083#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6084#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6085#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                  9   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6086
6087
6088/*
6089** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6090**
6091** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6092** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6093** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6094** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6095** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6096** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6097** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6098** an index.
6099**
6100** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6101** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6102** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6103** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6104** to be interrogated.)^
6105** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6106** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6107** interface call returns.
6108**
6109** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6110*/
6111int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6112
6113/*
6114** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6115** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6116**
6117** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6118** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6119** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6120**
6121** <dl>
6122** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6123** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6124** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6125** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6126** careful use of indices.</dd>
6127**
6128** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6129** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6130** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6131** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6132**
6133** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6134** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6135** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6136** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6137** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6138** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6139** </dl>
6140*/
6141#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6142#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6143#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6144
6145/*
6146** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6147**
6148** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6149** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6150** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6151** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6152** to the object.
6153**
6154** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6155*/
6156typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6157
6158/*
6159** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6160**
6161** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6162** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6163** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6164** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6165**
6166** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6167*/
6168typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6169struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6170  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6171  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6172};
6173
6174/*
6175** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6176** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6177**
6178** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6179** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6180** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6181** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6182** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6183** By implementing a
6184** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6185** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6186** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6187** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6188** how long.
6189**
6190** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6191** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6192** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6193**
6194** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6195** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6196** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6197** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6198**
6199** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6200** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6201** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6202** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6203** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6204** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6205** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6206** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6207** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6208** page cache.)^
6209**
6210** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6211** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6212** It can be used to clean up
6213** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6214** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6215**
6216** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6217** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6218** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6219** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6220** in multithreaded applications.
6221**
6222** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6223** call to xShutdown().
6224**
6225** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6226** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6227** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6228** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6229** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6230** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6231** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6232** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6233** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6234** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6235** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6236** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6237** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6238** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6239** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6240** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6241** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6242** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6243** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6244** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6245** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6246** never contain any unpinned pages.
6247**
6248** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6249** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6250** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6251** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6252** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6253** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6254** value; it is advisory only.
6255**
6256** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6257** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6258** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6259**
6260** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6261** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6262** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6263** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6264** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6265** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6266** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6267** for each entry in the page cache.
6268**
6269** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6270** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6271** to be "pinned".
6272**
6273** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6274** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6275** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6276** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6277** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6278**
6279** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6280** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behaviour when page is not already in cache
6281** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6282** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6283**                 Otherwise return NULL.
6284** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6285**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6286** </table>
6287**
6288** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6289** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6290** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6291** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6292** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6293**
6294** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6295** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6296** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6297** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6298** ^If the discard parameter is
6299** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6300** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6301** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6302**
6303** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6304** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6305** to xFetch().
6306**
6307** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6308** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6309** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6310** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6311** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6312** to be pinned.
6313**
6314** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6315** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6316** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6317** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6318** they can be safely discarded.
6319**
6320** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6321** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6322** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6323** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6324** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6325** functions.
6326**
6327** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6328** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6329** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6330** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6331** do their best.
6332*/
6333typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6334struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6335  int iVersion;
6336  void *pArg;
6337  int (*xInit)(void*);
6338  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6339  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6340  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6341  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6342  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6343  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6344  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6345      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6346  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6347  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6348  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6349};
6350
6351/*
6352** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6353** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6354** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6355*/
6356typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6357struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6358  void *pArg;
6359  int (*xInit)(void*);
6360  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6361  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6362  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6363  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6364  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6365  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6366  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6367  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6368  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6369};
6370
6371
6372/*
6373** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6374**
6375** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6376** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6377** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6378** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6379**
6380** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6381*/
6382typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6383
6384/*
6385** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6386**
6387** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6388** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6389** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6390**
6391** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6392**
6393** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6394** for the duration of the backup operation.
6395** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6396** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6397** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6398** preventing other database connections from
6399** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6400**
6401** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6402**   <ol>
6403**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6404**         backup,
6405**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6406**         the data between the two databases, and finally
6407**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6408**         associated with the backup operation.
6409**   </ol>)^
6410** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6411** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6412**
6413** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6414**
6415** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6416** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6417** and the database name, respectively.
6418** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6419** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6420** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6421** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6422** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6423** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6424** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6425** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6426** an error.
6427**
6428** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6429** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6430** destination [database connection] D.
6431** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6432** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6433** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6434** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6435** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6436** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6437** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6438** operation.
6439**
6440** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6441**
6442** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6443** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6444** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6445** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6446** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6447** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6448** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6449** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6450** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6451** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6452** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6453** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6454**
6455** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6456** <ol>
6457** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6458** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6459** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6460** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6461** destination and source page sizes differ.
6462** </ol>)^
6463**
6464** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6465** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6466** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6467** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6468** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6469** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6470** [database connection]
6471** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6472** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6473** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6474** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6475** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6476** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6477** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6478** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6479** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6480**
6481** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6482** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6483** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6484** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6485** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6486** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6487** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6488** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6489** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6490** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6491** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6492** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6493** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6494** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6495** updated at the same time.
6496**
6497** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6498**
6499** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6500** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6501** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6502** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6503** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6504** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6505** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6506** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6507** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6508**
6509** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6510** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6511** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6512** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6513** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6514** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6515**
6516** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6517** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6518** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6519**
6520** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6521** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6522**
6523** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6524** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6525** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6526** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6527** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6528**
6529** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6530** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6531** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6532** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6533** changing.
6534**
6535** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6536**
6537** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6538** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6539** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6540** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6541** from within other threads.
6542**
6543** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6544** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6545** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6546** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6547** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6548** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6549** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6550** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6551**
6552** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6553** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6554** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6555** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6556** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6557** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6558**
6559** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6560** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6561** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6562** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6563** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6564** possible that they return invalid values.
6565*/
6566sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6567  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6568  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6569  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6570  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6571);
6572int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6573int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6574int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6575int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6576
6577/*
6578** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6579**
6580** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6581** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6582** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6583** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6584** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6585** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6586** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6587** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6588**
6589** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6590**
6591** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6592** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6593**
6594** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6595** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6596** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6597** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6598** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6599** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6600** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6601** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6602** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6603** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6604**
6605** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
6606** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
6607** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
6608** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
6609** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
6610**
6611** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
6612** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
6613** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
6614** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
6615**
6616** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
6617** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
6618** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
6619** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
6620** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
6621** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
6622** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
6623** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
6624**
6625** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
6626** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
6627** crash or deadlock may be the result.
6628**
6629** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
6630** returns SQLITE_OK.
6631**
6632** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
6633**
6634** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
6635** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
6636** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
6637** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
6638** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
6639** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
6640**
6641** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
6642** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
6643** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
6644** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
6645** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
6646** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
6647** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
6648** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
6649**
6650** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
6651**
6652** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
6653** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
6654** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
6655** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
6656** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
6657** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
6658** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
6659**
6660** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
6661** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
6662** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
6663** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
6664** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
6665** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
6666** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
6667** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
6668** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
6669** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
6670** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
6671** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
6672**
6673** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
6674**
6675** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
6676** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
6677** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
6678** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
6679** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
6680** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
6681** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
6682** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
6683** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
6684**
6685** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
6686** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
6687** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
6688** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
6689** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
6690*/
6691int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
6692  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
6693  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
6694  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
6695);
6696
6697
6698/*
6699** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
6700**
6701** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
6702** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
6703** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
6704** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
6705*/
6706int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
6707int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
6708
6709/*
6710** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
6711**
6712** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the error log
6713** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
6714** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
6715** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
6716**
6717** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
6718** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
6719** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
6720** is considered bad form.
6721**
6722** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
6723**
6724** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
6725** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
6726** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
6727** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
6728** buffer.
6729*/
6730void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
6731
6732/*
6733** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
6734**
6735** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
6736** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
6737** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
6738** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
6739**
6740** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
6741** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
6742** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
6743**
6744** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
6745** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
6746** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
6747** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
6748** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
6749** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
6750** including those that were just committed.
6751**
6752** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
6753** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
6754** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
6755** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
6756** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
6757** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
6758** are undefined.
6759**
6760** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
6761** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
6762** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
6763** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6764** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
6765** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
6766*/
6767void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
6768  sqlite3*,
6769  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
6770  void*
6771);
6772
6773/*
6774** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
6775**
6776** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
6777** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
6778** to automatically [checkpoint]
6779** after committing a transaction if there are N or
6780** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
6781** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
6782** checkpoints entirely.
6783**
6784** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
6785** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
6786** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
6787** configured by this function.
6788**
6789** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6790** from SQL.
6791**
6792** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
6793** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
6794** pages.  The use of this interface
6795** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
6796** for a particular application.
6797*/
6798int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6799
6800/*
6801** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6802**
6803** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
6804** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
6805** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
6806** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
6807** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
6808**
6809** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
6810** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
6811** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
6812** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
6813**
6814** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6815*/
6816int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
6817
6818/*
6819** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
6820**
6821** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
6822** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
6823** eMode parameter:
6824**
6825** <dl>
6826** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
6827**   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
6828**   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
6829**   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
6830**   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The busy-handler callback is never invoked.
6831**
6832** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
6833**   This mode blocks (calls the busy-handler callback) until there is no
6834**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
6835**   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
6836**   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6837**   but not database readers.
6838**
6839** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
6840**   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
6841**   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the busy-handler callback)
6842**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
6843**   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
6844**   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
6845**   but not database readers.
6846** </dl>
6847**
6848** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
6849** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
6850** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
6851** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
6852** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
6853** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
6854** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
6855**
6856** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
6857** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
6858** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
6859** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
6860**
6861** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
6862** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
6863** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
6864** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
6865** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
6866** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
6867** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
6868** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
6869** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
6870** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
6871**
6872** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
6873** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
6874** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
6875** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
6876** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
6877** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
6878** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
6879** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
6880** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
6881** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
6882**
6883** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
6884** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
6885** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
6886** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
6887*/
6888int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
6889  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
6890  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
6891  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
6892  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
6893  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
6894);
6895
6896/*
6897** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
6898**
6899** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
6900** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
6901** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
6902** each of these values.
6903*/
6904#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
6905#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
6906#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
6907
6908/*
6909** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
6910**
6911** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
6912** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
6913** various facets of the virtual table interface.
6914**
6915** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
6916** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
6917**
6918** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
6919** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
6920** may be added in the future.
6921*/
6922int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
6923
6924/*
6925** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
6926**
6927** These macros define the various options to the
6928** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
6929** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
6930**
6931** <dl>
6932** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
6933** <dd>Calls of the form
6934** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
6935** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
6936** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
6937** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
6938** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
6939** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
6940** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
6941** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
6942**
6943** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
6944** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
6945** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
6946** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
6947** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
6948** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
6949** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
6950** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
6951** had been ABORT.
6952**
6953** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
6954** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
6955** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
6956** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
6957** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
6958** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
6959** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
6960** constraint handling.
6961** </dl>
6962*/
6963#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
6964
6965/*
6966** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
6967**
6968** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
6969** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
6970** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
6971** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6972** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
6973** [virtual table].
6974*/
6975int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
6976
6977/*
6978** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
6979**
6980** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
6981** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
6982** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
6983**
6984** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
6985** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
6986** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
6987*/
6988#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
6989/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
6990#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
6991/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
6992#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
6993
6994
6995
6996/*
6997** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
6998** builds on processors without floating point support.
6999*/
7000#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7001# undef double
7002#endif
7003
7004#ifdef __cplusplus
7005}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7006#endif
7007#endif
7008