xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision dfe4e6bb)
1/*
2** 2001 September 15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
118** hash of the entire source tree.
119**
120** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
121** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
122** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
123*/
124#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
125#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
126#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
127
128/*
129** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
130** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
131**
132** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
133** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
134** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
135** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
136** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
137** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
138** compiled with matching library and header files.
139**
140** <blockquote><pre>
141** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
142** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
143** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
144** </pre></blockquote>)^
145**
146** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
147** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
148** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
149** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
150** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
151** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
152** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
153** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
154** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
155**
156** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
157*/
158SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
159const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
160const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
161int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
162
163/*
164** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
165**
166** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
167** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
168** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
169** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
170**
171** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
172** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
173** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
174** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
175** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
176** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
177**
178** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
179** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
180** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
181**
182** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
183** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
184*/
185#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
186int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
187const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
188#endif
189
190/*
191** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
192**
193** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
194** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
195** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
196**
197** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
198** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
199** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
200** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
201** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
202** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
203**
204** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
205** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
206** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
207** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
208**
209** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
210** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
211** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
212**
213** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
214** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
215** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
216** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
217** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
218** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
219** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
220** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
221** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
222** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
223**
224** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
225*/
226int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
227
228/*
229** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
230** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
231**
232** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
233** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
234** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
235** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
236** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
237** interfaces (such as
238** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
239** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
240** sqlite3 object.
241*/
242typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
243
244/*
245** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
246** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
247**
248** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
249** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
250**
251** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
252** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
253** compatibility only.
254**
255** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
256** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
257** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
258** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
259*/
260#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
261  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
262  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
263#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
264  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
265  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
266#else
267  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
268  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
269#endif
270typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
271typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
272
273/*
274** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
275** substitute integer for floating-point.
276*/
277#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
278# define double sqlite3_int64
279#endif
280
281/*
282** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
283** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
284**
285** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
286** for the [sqlite3] object.
287** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
288** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
289** resources are deallocated.
290**
291** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
292** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
293** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
294** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
295** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
296** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
297** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
298** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
299** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
300** destructors are called is arbitrary.
301**
302** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
303** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
304** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
305** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
306** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
307** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
308** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
309** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
310** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
311**
312** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
313** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
314**
315** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
316** must be either a NULL
317** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
318** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
319** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
320** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
321** argument is a harmless no-op.
322*/
323int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
324int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
325
326/*
327** The type for a callback function.
328** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
329** compatibility and is not documented.
330*/
331typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
332
333/*
334** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
335** METHOD: sqlite3
336**
337** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
338** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
339** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
340** without having to use a lot of C code.
341**
342** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
343** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
344** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
345** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
346** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
347** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
348** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
349** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
350** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
351** ignored.
352**
353** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
354** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
355** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
356** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
357** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
358** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
359** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
360** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
361** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
362** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
363** NULL before returning.
364**
365** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
366** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
367** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
368**
369** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
370** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
371** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
372** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
373** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
374** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
375** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
376** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
377** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
378**
379** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
380** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
381** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
382** is not changed.
383**
384** Restrictions:
385**
386** <ul>
387** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
388**      is a valid and open [database connection].
389** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
390**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
391** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
392**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
393** </ul>
394*/
395int sqlite3_exec(
396  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
397  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
398  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
399  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
400  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
401);
402
403/*
404** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
405** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
406**
407** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
408** here in order to indicate success or failure.
409**
410** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
411**
412** See also: [extended result code definitions]
413*/
414#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
415/* beginning-of-error-codes */
416#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
417#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
418#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
419#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
420#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
421#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
422#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
423#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
424#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
425#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
426#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
427#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
428#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
429#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
430#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
431#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
432#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
433#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
434#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
435#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
436#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
437#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
438#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
439#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
440#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
441#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
442#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
443#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
444#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
445#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
446/* end-of-error-codes */
447
448/*
449** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
450** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
451**
452** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
453** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
454** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
455** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
456** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
457** and later) include
458** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
459** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
460** on a per database connection basis using the
461** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
462** the most recent error can be obtained using
463** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
464*/
465#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
466#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
467#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
468#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
469#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
470#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
471#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
472#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
473#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
474#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
493#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
494#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
495#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
496#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
497#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
498#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
499#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
500#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
501#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
502#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
503#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
504#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
505#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
506#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
507#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
508#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
509#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
514#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
515#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
516#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
517#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
518#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
519#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
520#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
521
522/*
523** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
524**
525** These bit values are intended for use in the
526** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
527** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
528*/
529#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
530#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
531#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
532#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
533#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
534#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
535#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
536#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
537#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
538#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
539#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
540#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
541#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
542#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
543#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
544#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
545#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
546#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
549
550/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
551
552/*
553** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
554**
555** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
556** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
557** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
558** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
559** refers to.
560**
561** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
562** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
563** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
564** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
565** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
566** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
567** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
568** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
569** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
570** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
571** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
572** file that were written at the application level might have changed
573** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
574** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
575** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
576** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
577** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
578** elevated privileges.
579*/
580#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
581#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
582#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
583#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
584#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
585#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
586#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
587#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
588#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
589#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
590#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
591#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
592#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
593#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
594
595/*
596** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
597**
598** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
599** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
600** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
601*/
602#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
603#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
604#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
605#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
606#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
607
608/*
609** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
610**
611** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
612** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
613** these integer values as the second argument.
614**
615** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
616** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
617** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
618** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
619** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
620** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
621**
622** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
623** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
624** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
625** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
626** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
627** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
628** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
629** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
630** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
631** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
632** cares about the difference.)
633*/
634#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
635#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
636#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
637
638/*
639** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
640**
641** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
642** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
643** implementations will
644** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
645** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
646** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
647** I/O operations on the open file.
648*/
649typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
650struct sqlite3_file {
651  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
652};
653
654/*
655** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
656**
657** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
658** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
659** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
660** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
661** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
662**
663** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
664** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
665** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
666** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
667** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
668** to NULL.
669**
670** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
671** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
672** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
673** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
674** and not its inode needs to be synced.
675**
676** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
677** <ul>
678** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
679** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
680** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
681** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
682** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
683** </ul>
684** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
685** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
686** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
687** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
688** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
689**
690** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
691** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
692** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
693** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
694** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
695** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
696** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
697** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
698** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
699** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
700** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
701** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
702** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
703** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
704** recognize.
705**
706** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
707** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
708** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
709** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
710** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
711** underlying device:
712**
713** <ul>
714** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
715** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
716** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
717** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
718** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
719** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
720** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
721** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
722** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
723** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
724** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
725** </ul>
726**
727** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
728** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
729** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
730** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
731** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
732** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
733** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
734** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
735** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
736** to xWrite().
737**
738** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
739** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
740** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
741** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
742** database corruption.
743*/
744typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
745struct sqlite3_io_methods {
746  int iVersion;
747  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
748  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
749  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
750  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
751  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
752  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
753  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
754  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
755  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
756  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
757  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
758  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
759  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
760  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
761  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
762  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
763  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
764  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
765  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
766  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
767  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
768  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
769};
770
771/*
772** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
773** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
774**
775** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
776** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
777** interface.
778**
779** <ul>
780** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
781** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
782** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
783** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
784** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
785** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
786** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
787** compile-time option is used.
788**
789** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
790** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
791** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
792** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
793** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
794** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
795** file run faster.
796**
797** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
798** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
799** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
800** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
801** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
802** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
803** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
804** improve performance on some systems.
805**
806** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
807** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
808** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
809** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
810**
811** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
812** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
813** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
814** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
815** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
816**
817** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
818** No longer in use.
819**
820** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
821** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
822** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
823** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
824** because the user has configured SQLite with
825** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
826** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
827** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
828** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
829** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
830** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
831** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
832** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
833**
834** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
835** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
836** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
837** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
838** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
839** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
840** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
841**
842** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
843** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
844** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
845** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
846** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
847** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
848** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
849** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
850** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
851** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
852** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
853** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
854** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
855** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
856** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
857** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
858**
859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
860** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
861** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
862** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
863** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
864** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
865** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
866** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
867** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
868** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
869** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
870** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
871** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
872** WAL persistence setting.
873**
874** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
875** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
876** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
877** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
878** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
879** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
880** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
881** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
882** zero-damage mode setting.
883**
884** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
885** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
886** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
887** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
888** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
889**
890** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
891** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
892** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
893** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
894** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
895** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
896** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
897** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
898** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
899** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
900** is intended for diagnostic use only.
901**
902** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
903** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
904** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
905** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
906** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
907** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
908** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
909** upper-most shim only.
910**
911** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
912** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
913** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
914** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
915** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
916** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
917** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
918** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
919** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
920** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
921** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
922** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
923** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
924** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
925** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
926** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
927** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
928** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
929** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
930** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
931** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
932** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
933** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
934** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
935**
936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
937** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
938** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
939** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
940** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
941** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
942** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
943** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
944** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
945** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
946** current operation.
947**
948** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
949** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
950** to have SQLite generate a
951** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
952** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
953** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
954** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
955** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
956**
957** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
958** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
959** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
960** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
961** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
962** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
963** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
964** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
965** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
966**
967** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
968** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
969** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
970** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
971** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
972** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
973** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
974**
975** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
976** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
977** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
978** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
979** was first opened.
980**
981** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
982** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
983** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
984** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
985** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
986**
987** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
988** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
989** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
990** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
991** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
992** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
993**
994** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
995** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
996** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
997**
998** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
999** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1000** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1001** this opcode.
1002** </ul>
1003*/
1004#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1005#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1006#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1007#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1008#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1009#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1010#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1011#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1012#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1013#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1014#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1015#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1016#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1017#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1018#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1019#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1020#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1021#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1022#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1023#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1024#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1025#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1026#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1027#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1028#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1029#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1030#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1031
1032/* deprecated names */
1033#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1034#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1035#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1036
1037
1038/*
1039** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1040**
1041** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1042** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1043** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1044** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1045**
1046** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1047*/
1048typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1049
1050/*
1051** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1052**
1053** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1054** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1055** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1056** on some platforms.
1057*/
1058typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1059
1060/*
1061** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1062**
1063** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1064** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1065** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1066** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1067**
1068** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1069** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1070** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1071** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1072** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1073** modified.
1074**
1075** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1076** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1077** a pathname in this VFS.
1078**
1079** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1080** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1081** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1082** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1083** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1084** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1085**
1086** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1087** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1088** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1089** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1090** object once the object has been registered.
1091**
1092** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1093** be unique across all VFS modules.
1094**
1095** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1096** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1097** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1098** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1099** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1100** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1101** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1102** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1103** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1104** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1105** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1106** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1107** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1108** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1109** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1110** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1111**
1112** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1113** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1114** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1115** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1116** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1117** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1118**
1119** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1120** call, depending on the object being opened:
1121**
1122** <ul>
1123** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1124** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1125** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1126** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1127** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1128** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1129** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1130** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1131** </ul>)^
1132**
1133** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1134** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1135** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1136** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1137** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1138** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1139** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1140** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1141**
1142** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1143**
1144** <ul>
1145** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1146** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1147** </ul>
1148**
1149** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1150** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1151** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1152** databases, and subjournals.
1153**
1154** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1155** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1156** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1157** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1158** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1159** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1160** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1161** for exclusive access.
1162**
1163** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1164** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1165** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1166** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1167** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1168** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1169** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1170** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1171** or failure of the xOpen call.
1172**
1173** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1174** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1175** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1176** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1177** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1178** directory.
1179**
1180** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1181** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1182** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1183** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1184** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1185** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1186**
1187** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1188** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1189** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1190** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1191** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1192** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1193** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1194** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1195** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1196** a floating point value.
1197** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1198** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1199** a 24-hour day).
1200** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1201** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1202** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1203** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1204**
1205** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1206** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1207** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1208** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1209** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1210** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1211** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1212** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1213** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1214** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1215** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1216*/
1217typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1218typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1219struct sqlite3_vfs {
1220  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1221  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1222  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1223  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1224  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1225  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1226  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1227               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1228  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1229  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1230  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1231  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1232  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1233  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1234  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1235  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1236  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1237  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1238  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1239  /*
1240  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1241  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1242  */
1243  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1244  /*
1245  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1246  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1247  */
1248  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1249  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1250  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1251  /*
1252  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1253  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1254  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1255  */
1256};
1257
1258/*
1259** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1260**
1261** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1262** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1263** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1264** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1265** simply checks whether the file exists.
1266** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1267** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1268** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1269** the directory).
1270** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1271** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1272** release of SQLite.
1273** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1274** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1275** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1276** SQLite.
1277*/
1278#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1279#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1280#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1281
1282/*
1283** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1284**
1285** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1286** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1287** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1288** xShmLock method:
1289**
1290** <ul>
1291** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1292** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1293** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1294** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1295** </ul>
1296**
1297** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1298** was given on the corresponding lock.
1299**
1300** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1301** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1302** and EXCLUSIVE.
1303*/
1304#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1305#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1306#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1307#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1308
1309/*
1310** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1311**
1312** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1313** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1314** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1315** lock outside of this range
1316*/
1317#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1318
1319
1320/*
1321** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1322**
1323** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1324** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1325** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1326** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1327** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1328** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1329**
1330** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1331** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1332** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1333** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1334** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1335** are harmless no-ops.)^
1336**
1337** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1338** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1339** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1340** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1341**
1342** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1343** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1344** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1345** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1346** sqlite3_shutdown().
1347**
1348** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1349** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1350** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1351**
1352** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1353** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1354** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1355** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1356**
1357** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1358** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1359** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1360** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1361** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1362** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1363** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1364** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1365** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1366** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1367** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1368** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1369** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1370** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1371**
1372** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1373** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1374** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1375** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1376** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1377** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1378** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1379**
1380** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1381** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1382** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1383** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1384** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1385** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1386** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1387** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1388** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1389** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1390** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1391** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1392** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1393** failure.
1394*/
1395int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1396int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1397int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1398int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1399
1400/*
1401** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1402**
1403** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1404** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1405** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1406** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1407** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1408**
1409** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1410** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1411** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1412**
1413** The sqlite3_config() interface
1414** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1415** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1416** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1417** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1418** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1419** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1420**
1421** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1422** [configuration option] that determines
1423** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1424** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1425** in the first argument.
1426**
1427** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1428** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1429** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1430*/
1431int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1432
1433/*
1434** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1435** METHOD: sqlite3
1436**
1437** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1438** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1439** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1440** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1441**
1442** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1443** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1444** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1445** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1446**
1447** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1448** the call is considered successful.
1449*/
1450int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1451
1452/*
1453** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1454**
1455** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1456** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1457**
1458** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1459** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1460** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1461** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1462** By creating an instance of this object
1463** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1464** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1465** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1466** dynamic memory needs.
1467**
1468** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1469** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1470** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1471** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1472** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1473** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1474** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1475** conditions.
1476**
1477** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1478** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1479** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1480** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1481**
1482** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1483** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1484** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1485**
1486** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1487** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1488** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1489** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1490** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1491** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1492** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1493**
1494** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1495** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1496** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1497** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1498** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1499** xInit and xShutdown.
1500**
1501** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1502** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1503** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1504** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1505** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1506** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1507** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1508** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1509** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1510** serialization.
1511**
1512** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1513** call to xShutdown().
1514*/
1515typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1516struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1517  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1518  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1519  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1520  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1521  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1522  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1523  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1524  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1525};
1526
1527/*
1528** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1529** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1530**
1531** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1532** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1533**
1534** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1535** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1536** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1537** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1538** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1539** is invoked.
1540**
1541** <dl>
1542** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1543** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1544** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1545** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1546** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1547** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1548** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1549** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1550** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1551** configuration option.</dd>
1552**
1553** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1554** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1555** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1556** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1557** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1558** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1559** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1560** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1561** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1562** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1563** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1564** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1565** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1566**
1567** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1568** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1569** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1570** all mutexes including the recursive
1571** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1572** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1573** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1574** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1575** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1576** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1577** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1578** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1579** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1580** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1581** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1582**
1583** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1584** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1585** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1586** The argument specifies
1587** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1588** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1589** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1590** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1591**
1592** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1593** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1594** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1595** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1596** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1597** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1598** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1599** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1600**
1601** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1602** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1603** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1604** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1605** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1606**   <ul>
1607**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1608**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1609**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1610**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1611**   </ul>)^
1612** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1613** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1614** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1615** </dd>
1616**
1617** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1618** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1619** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1620** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1621** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1622** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1623** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1624** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1625** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1626** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1627** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1628** times the database page size.
1629** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1630** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1631** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1632** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1633** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1634** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1635** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1636** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1637** </dd>
1638**
1639** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1640** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1641** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1642** cache implementation.
1643** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1644** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1645** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1646** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1647** and the number of cache lines (N).
1648** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1649** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1650** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1651** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1652** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1653** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1654** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1655** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1656** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1657** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1658** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1659** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1660** is exhausted.
1661** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1662** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1663** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1664** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1665** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1666** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1667** additional cache line. </dd>
1668**
1669** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1670** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1671** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1672** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1673** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1674** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1675** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1676** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1677** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1678** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1679** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1680** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1681** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1682** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1683** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1684** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1685** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1686** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1687** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1688** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1689**
1690** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1691** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1692** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1693** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1694** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1695** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1696** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1697** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1698** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1699** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1700** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1701**
1702** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1703** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1704** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1705** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1706** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1707** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1708** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1709** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1710** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1711** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1712** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1713** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1714**
1715** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1716** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1717** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1718** The first argument is the
1719** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1720** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1721** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1722** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1723** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1724**
1725** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1726** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1727** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1728** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1729** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1730**
1731** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1732** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1733** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1734** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1735**
1736** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1737** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1738** global [error log].
1739** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1740** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1741** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1742** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1743** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1744** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1745** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1746** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1747** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1748** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1749** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1750** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1751** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1752** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1753** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1754** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1755**
1756** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1757** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1758** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1759** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1760** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1761** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1762** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1763** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1764** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1765** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1766** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1767** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1768** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1769**
1770** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1771** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1772** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1773** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1774** ^The default setting is determined
1775** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1776** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1777** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1778** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1779** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1780** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1781** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1782**
1783** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1784** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1785** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1786** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1787** </dd>
1788**
1789** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1790** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1791** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1792** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1793** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1794** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1795** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1796** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1797** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1798** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1799** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1800** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1801** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1802** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1803** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1804** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1805**
1806** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1807** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1808** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1809** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1810** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1811** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1812** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1813** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1814** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1815** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1816** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1817** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1818** changed to its compile-time default.
1819**
1820** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1821** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1822** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1823** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1824** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1825** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1826**
1827** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1828** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1829** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1830** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1831** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1832** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1833** target platform, and SQLite version.
1834**
1835** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1836** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1837** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1838** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1839** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1840** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1841** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1842** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1843** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1844** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1845**
1846** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1847** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1848** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1849** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1850** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1851** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1852** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1853** exclusively in memory.
1854** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1855** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1856** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1857** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1858** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1859** </dl>
1860*/
1861#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1862#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1863#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1864#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1865#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1866#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1867#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1868#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1869#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1870#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1871#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1872/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1873#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1874#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1875#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1876#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1877#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1878#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1879#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1880#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1881#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1882#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1883#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1884#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1885#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1886#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1887
1888/*
1889** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1890**
1891** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1892** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1893**
1894** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1895** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1896** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1897** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1898** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1899** is invoked.
1900**
1901** <dl>
1902** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1903** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1904** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1905** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1906** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1907** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1908** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1909** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1910** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1911** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1912** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1913** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1914** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1915** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1916** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1917** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1918** when the "current value" returned by
1919** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1920** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1921** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1922** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1923**
1924** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1925** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1926** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1927** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1928** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1929** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1930** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1931** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1932** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1933**
1934** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1935** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1936** There should be two additional arguments.
1937** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1938** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1939** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1940** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1941** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1942** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1943**
1944** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
1945** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
1946** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
1947** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
1948** There should be two additional arguments.
1949** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
1950** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
1951** unchanged.
1952** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1953** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
1954** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1955** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
1956**
1957** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
1958** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
1959** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
1960** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
1961** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
1962** There should be two additional arguments.
1963** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
1964** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
1965** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
1966** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
1967** C-API or the SQL function.
1968** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1969** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
1970** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
1971** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
1972** </dd>
1973**
1974** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
1975** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
1976** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
1977** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
1978** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
1979** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
1980** until after the database connection closes.
1981** </dd>
1982**
1983** </dl>
1984*/
1985#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
1986#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
1987#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
1988#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
1989#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
1990#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
1991
1992
1993/*
1994** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1995** METHOD: sqlite3
1996**
1997** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1998** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1999** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2000*/
2001int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2002
2003/*
2004** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2005** METHOD: sqlite3
2006**
2007** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2008** has a unique 64-bit signed
2009** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2010** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2011** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2012** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2013** is another alias for the rowid.
2014**
2015** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
2016** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2017** on database connection D.
2018** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
2019** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
2020** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
2021** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
2022**
2023** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
2024** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
2025** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
2026** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
2027** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
2028** table method began.)^
2029**
2030** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2031** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2032** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2033** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2034** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2035** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2036** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2037** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2038** the return value of this interface.)^
2039**
2040** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2041** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2042**
2043** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2044** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2045**
2046** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2047** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2048** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2049** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2050** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2051** last insert [rowid].
2052*/
2053sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2054
2055/*
2056** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2057** METHOD: sqlite3
2058**
2059** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2060** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2061** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2062** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2063** returned by this function.
2064**
2065** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2066** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2067** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2068**
2069** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2070** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2071** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2072** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2073** tables are counted.
2074**
2075** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2076** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2077** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2078** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2079**
2080** <ul>
2081**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2082**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2083**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2084**
2085**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2086**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2087**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2088**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2089**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2090** </ul>
2091**
2092** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2093** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2094** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2095** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2096** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2097** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2098**
2099** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2100** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2101**
2102** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2103** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2104** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2105*/
2106int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2107
2108/*
2109** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2110** METHOD: sqlite3
2111**
2112** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2113** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2114** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2115** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2116** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2117**
2118** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2119** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2120** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2121** are not counted.
2122**
2123** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2124** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2125**
2126** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2127** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2128** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2129*/
2130int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2131
2132/*
2133** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2134** METHOD: sqlite3
2135**
2136** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2137** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2138** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2139** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2140** immediately.
2141**
2142** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2143** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2144** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2145** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2146**
2147** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2148** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2149** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2150**
2151** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2152** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2153** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2154** will be rolled back automatically.
2155**
2156** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2157** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2158** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2159** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2160** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2161** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2162** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2163** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2164** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2165** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2166**
2167** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2168** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2169*/
2170void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2171
2172/*
2173** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2174**
2175** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2176** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2177** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2178** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2179** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2180** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2181** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2182** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2183** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2184** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2185** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2186**
2187** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2188** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2189**
2190** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2191** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2192**
2193** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2194** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2195** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2196** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2197** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2198**
2199** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2200** UTF-8 string.
2201**
2202** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2203** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2204*/
2205int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2206int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2207
2208/*
2209** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2210** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2211** METHOD: sqlite3
2212**
2213** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2214** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2215** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2216** [database connection] D when another thread
2217** or process has the table locked.
2218** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2219** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2220**
2221** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2222** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2223** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2224**
2225** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2226** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2227** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2228** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2229** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2230** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2231** to the application.
2232** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2233** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2234**
2235** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2236** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2237** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2238** to the application instead of invoking the
2239** busy handler.
2240** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2241** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2242** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2243** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2244** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2245** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2246** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2247** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2248** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2249** the second process to proceed.
2250**
2251** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2252**
2253** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2254** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2255** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2256** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2257** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2258**
2259** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2260** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2261** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2262** result in undefined behavior.
2263**
2264** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2265** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2266*/
2267int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2268
2269/*
2270** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2271** METHOD: sqlite3
2272**
2273** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2274** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2275** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2276** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2277** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2278** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2279**
2280** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2281** turns off all busy handlers.
2282**
2283** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2284** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2285** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2286** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2287**
2288** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2289*/
2290int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2291
2292/*
2293** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2294** METHOD: sqlite3
2295**
2296** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2297** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2298**
2299** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2300** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2301** complete query results from one or more queries.
2302**
2303** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2304** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2305** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2306** and M be the number of columns.
2307**
2308** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2309** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2310** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2311** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2312** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2313** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2314**
2315** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2316** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2317** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2318**
2319** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2320** is as follows:
2321**
2322** <blockquote><pre>
2323**        Name        | Age
2324**        -----------------------
2325**        Alice       | 43
2326**        Bob         | 28
2327**        Cindy       | 21
2328** </pre></blockquote>
2329**
2330** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2331** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2332** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2333**
2334** <blockquote><pre>
2335**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2336**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2337**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2338**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2339**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2340**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2341**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2342**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2343** </pre></blockquote>)^
2344**
2345** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2346** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2347** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2348** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2349**
2350** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2351** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2352** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2353** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2354** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2355** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2356**
2357** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2358** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2359** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2360** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2361** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2362** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2363** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2364*/
2365int sqlite3_get_table(
2366  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2367  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2368  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2369  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2370  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2371  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2372);
2373void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2374
2375/*
2376** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2377**
2378** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2379** from the standard C library.
2380** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2381** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2382** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2383** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2384**
2385** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2386** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2387** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2388** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2389** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2390** memory to hold the resulting string.
2391**
2392** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2393** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2394** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2395** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2396** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2397** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2398** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2399** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2400** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2401** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2402** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2403** now without breaking compatibility.
2404**
2405** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2406** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2407** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2408** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2409** written will be n-1 characters.
2410**
2411** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2412**
2413** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2414** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2415** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2416** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2417**
2418** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2419** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2420** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2421** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2422** the string.
2423**
2424** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2425**
2426** <blockquote><pre>
2427**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2428** </pre></blockquote>
2429**
2430** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2431**
2432** <blockquote><pre>
2433**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2434**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2435**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2436** </pre></blockquote>
2437**
2438** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2439** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2440**
2441** <blockquote><pre>
2442**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2443** </pre></blockquote>
2444**
2445** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2446** would have looked like this:
2447**
2448** <blockquote><pre>
2449**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2450** </pre></blockquote>
2451**
2452** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2453** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2454**
2455** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2456** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2457** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2458** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2459**
2460** <blockquote><pre>
2461**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2462**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2463**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2464** </pre></blockquote>
2465**
2466** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2467** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2468**
2469** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2470** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2471** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2472** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2473** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2474**
2475** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2476** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2477** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2478*/
2479char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2480char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2481char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2482char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2483
2484/*
2485** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2486**
2487** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2488** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2489** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2490** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2491**
2492** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2493** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2494** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2495** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2496** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2497** a NULL pointer.
2498**
2499** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2500** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2501** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2502**
2503** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2504** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2505** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2506** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2507** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2508** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2509** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2510** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2511** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2512** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2513**
2514** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2515** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2516** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2517** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2518** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2519** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2520** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2521** sqlite3_free(X).
2522** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2523** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2524** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2525** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2526** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2527** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2528** prior allocation is not freed.
2529**
2530** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2531** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2532** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2533**
2534** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2535** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2536** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2537** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2538** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2539** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2540** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2541** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2542** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2543**
2544** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2545** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2546** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2547** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2548** option is used.
2549**
2550** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2551** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2552** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2553** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2554**
2555** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2556** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2557** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2558** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2559** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2560** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2561** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2562**
2563** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2564** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2565** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2566** not yet been released.
2567**
2568** The application must not read or write any part of
2569** a block of memory after it has been released using
2570** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2571*/
2572void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2573void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2574void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2575void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2576void sqlite3_free(void*);
2577sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2578
2579/*
2580** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2581**
2582** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2583** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2584** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2585**
2586** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2587** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2588** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2589** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2590** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2591** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2592** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2593** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2594** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2595**
2596** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2597** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2598** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2599** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2600** prior to the reset.
2601*/
2602sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2603sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2604
2605/*
2606** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2607**
2608** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2609** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2610** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2611** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2612** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2613**
2614** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2615** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2616**
2617** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2618** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2619** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2620** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2621** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2622** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2623** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2624** method.
2625*/
2626void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2627
2628/*
2629** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2630** METHOD: sqlite3
2631**
2632** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2633** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2634** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2635** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2636** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2637** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2638** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2639** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2640** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2641** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2642** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2643** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2644** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2645** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2646** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2647**
2648** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2649** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2650** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2651** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2652** access is denied.
2653**
2654** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2655** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2656** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2657** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2658** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2659** details about the action to be authorized.
2660**
2661** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2662** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2663** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2664** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2665** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2666** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2667** columns of a table.
2668** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2669** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2670** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2671**
2672** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2673** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2674** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2675** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2676** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2677** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2678** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2679** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2680** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2681** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2682**
2683** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2684** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2685** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2686** in addition to using an authorizer.
2687**
2688** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2689** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2690** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2691** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2692**
2693** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2694** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2695** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2696** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2697**
2698** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2699** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2700** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2701** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2702**
2703** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2704** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2705** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2706** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2707** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2708*/
2709int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2710  sqlite3*,
2711  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2712  void *pUserData
2713);
2714
2715/*
2716** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2717**
2718** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2719** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2720** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2721** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2722** information.
2723**
2724** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2725** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2726*/
2727#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2728#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2729
2730/*
2731** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2732**
2733** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2734** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2735** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2736** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2737** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2738**
2739** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2740** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2741** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2742** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2743** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2744** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2745** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2746** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2747** top-level SQL code.
2748*/
2749/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2750#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2751#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2752#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2753#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2754#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2755#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2756#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2757#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2758#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2759#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2760#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2761#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2762#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2763#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2764#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2765#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2766#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2767#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2768#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2769#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2770#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2771#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2772#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2773#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2774#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2775#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2776#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2777#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2778#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2779#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2780#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2781#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2782#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2783#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2784
2785/*
2786** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2787** METHOD: sqlite3
2788**
2789** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2790** instead of the routines described here.
2791**
2792** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2793** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2794**
2795** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2796** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2797** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2798** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2799** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2800** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2801** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2802**
2803** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2804** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2805**
2806** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2807** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2808** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2809** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2810** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2811** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2812** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2813** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2814** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2815** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2816*/
2817SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2818   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2819SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2820   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2821
2822/*
2823** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2824** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2825**
2826** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2827** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
2828** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2829** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2830** is one of the following constants.
2831**
2832** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2833**
2834** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2835** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2836** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2837** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2838** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2839**
2840** <dl>
2841** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2842** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2843** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2844** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2845** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2846** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2847** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2848** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2849** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2850** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2851** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2852**
2853** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2854** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2855** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2856** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2857** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2858** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2859** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2860**
2861** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2862** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2863** statement generates a single row of result.
2864** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2865** X argument is unused.
2866**
2867** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2868** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2869** connection closes.
2870** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2871** and the X argument is unused.
2872** </dl>
2873*/
2874#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2875#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2876#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2877#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2878
2879/*
2880** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2881** METHOD: sqlite3
2882**
2883** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2884** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2885** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
2886** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
2887** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
2888** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
2889**
2890** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
2891** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
2892**
2893** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
2894** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
2895** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
2896** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
2897**
2898** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
2899** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
2900** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
2901** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
2902** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2903**
2904** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
2905** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
2906** are deprecated.
2907*/
2908int sqlite3_trace_v2(
2909  sqlite3*,
2910  unsigned uMask,
2911  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
2912  void *pCtx
2913);
2914
2915/*
2916** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2917** METHOD: sqlite3
2918**
2919** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2920** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2921** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2922** database connection D.  An example use for this
2923** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2924**
2925** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2926** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2927** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2928** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2929** handler is disabled.
2930**
2931** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2932** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2933** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2934** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2935** than 1.
2936**
2937** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2938** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2939** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2940**
2941** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2942** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2943** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2944** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2945**
2946*/
2947void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2948
2949/*
2950** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2951** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
2952**
2953** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2954** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2955** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2956** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2957** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2958** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2959** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2960** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2961** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2962** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2963** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2964** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2965**
2966** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2967** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2968** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2969**
2970** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2971** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2972** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2973**
2974** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2975** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2976** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2977** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2978** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2979** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2980** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2981**
2982** <dl>
2983** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2984** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2985** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2986**
2987** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2988** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2989** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2990** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2991**
2992** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2993** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2994** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2995** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2996** </dl>
2997**
2998** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2999** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3000** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3001** then the behavior is undefined.
3002**
3003** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3004** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3005** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3006** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3007** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3008** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3009** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3010** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3011** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3012** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3013** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3014**
3015** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3016** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3017** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3018** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3019**
3020** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3021** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3022** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3023** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3024** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3025** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3026** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3027**
3028** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3029** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3030** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3031**
3032** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3033**
3034** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3035** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3036** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3037** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3038** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3039** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3040** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
3041** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3042** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3043** information.
3044**
3045** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3046** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3047** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3048** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3049** present, is ignored.
3050**
3051** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3052** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3053** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3054** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3055** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3056** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3057** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3058**
3059** [[core URI query parameters]]
3060** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3061** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3062** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3063** following query parameters:
3064**
3065** <ul>
3066**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3067**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3068**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3069**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3070**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3071**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3072**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3073**
3074**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3075**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3076**     an error)^.
3077**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3078**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3079**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3080**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3081**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3082**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3083**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3084**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3085**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3086**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3087**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3088**
3089**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3090**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3091**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3092**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3093**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3094**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3095**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3096**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3097**
3098**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3099**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3100**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3101**
3102**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3103**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3104**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3105**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3106**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3107**     processes uses nolock=1.
3108**
3109**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3110**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3111**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3112**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3113**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3114**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3115**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3116**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3117**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3118**
3119** </ul>
3120**
3121** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3122** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3123** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3124** additional information.
3125**
3126** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3127**
3128** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3129** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3130** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3131**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3132** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3133**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3134**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3135**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3136** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3137**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3138** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3139**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3140**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3141**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3142**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3143**          in URI filenames.
3144** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3145**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3146**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3147**          default, use a private cache.
3148** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3149**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3150**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3151** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3152**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3153** </table>
3154**
3155** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3156** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3157** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3158** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3159** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3160** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3161** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3162** the results are undefined.
3163**
3164** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3165** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3166** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3167** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3168** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3169**
3170** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3171** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3172** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3173**
3174** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3175*/
3176int sqlite3_open(
3177  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3178  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3179);
3180int sqlite3_open16(
3181  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3182  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3183);
3184int sqlite3_open_v2(
3185  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3186  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3187  int flags,              /* Flags */
3188  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3189);
3190
3191/*
3192** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3193**
3194** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3195** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3196** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3197**
3198** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3199** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3200** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3201** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3202** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3203** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3204** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3205** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3206** a pointer to an empty string.
3207**
3208** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3209** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3210** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3211** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3212** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3213** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3214** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3215** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3216** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3217** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3218**
3219** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3220** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3221** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3222** zero is returned.
3223**
3224** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3225** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3226** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3227** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3228** undesirable.
3229*/
3230const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3231int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3232sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3233
3234
3235/*
3236** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3237** METHOD: sqlite3
3238**
3239** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3240** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3241** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3242** API call.
3243** If the most recent API call was successful,
3244** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3245** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3246** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3247** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3248** disabled.
3249**
3250** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3251** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3252** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3253** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3254** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3255** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3256**
3257** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3258** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3259** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3260** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3261**
3262** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3263** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3264** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3265** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3266** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3267** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3268** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3269** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3270** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3271**
3272** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3273** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3274** error code and message may or may not be set.
3275*/
3276int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3277int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3278const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3279const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3280const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3281
3282/*
3283** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3284** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3285**
3286** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3287** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3288**
3289** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3290** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3291** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3292** prepared statement before it can be run.
3293**
3294** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3295**
3296** <ol>
3297** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3298** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3299**      interfaces.
3300** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3301** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3302**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3303** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3304** </ol>
3305*/
3306typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3307
3308/*
3309** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3310** METHOD: sqlite3
3311**
3312** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3313** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3314** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3315** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3316** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3317** new limit for that construct.)^
3318**
3319** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3320** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3321** [limits | hard upper bound]
3322** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3323** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3324** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3325** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3326** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3327**
3328** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3329** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3330** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3331** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3332**
3333** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3334** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3335** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3336** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3337** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3338** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3339** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3340** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3341** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3342** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3343** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3344** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3345**
3346** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3347*/
3348int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3349
3350/*
3351** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3352** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3353**
3354** These constants define various performance limits
3355** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3356** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3357** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3358**
3359** <dl>
3360** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3361** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3362**
3363** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3364** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3365**
3366** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3367** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3368** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3369** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3370**
3371** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3372** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3373**
3374** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3375** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3376**
3377** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3378** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3379** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3380** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3381** SQLite.</dd>)^
3382**
3383** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3384** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3385**
3386** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3387** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3388**
3389** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3390** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3391** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3392** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3393**
3394** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3395** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3396** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3397**
3398** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3399** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3400**
3401** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3402** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3403** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3404** </dl>
3405*/
3406#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3407#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3408#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3409#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3410#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3411#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3412#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3413#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3414#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3415#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3416#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3417#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3418
3419/*
3420** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3421** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3422** METHOD: sqlite3
3423** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3424**
3425** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3426** program using one of these routines.
3427**
3428** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3429** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3430** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3431**
3432** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3433** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3434** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3435** use UTF-16.
3436**
3437** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3438** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3439** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3440** statement is generated.
3441** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3442** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3443** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3444** the nul-terminator.
3445**
3446** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3447** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3448** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3449** what remains uncompiled.
3450**
3451** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3452** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3453** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3454** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3455** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3456** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3457** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3458**
3459** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3460** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3461**
3462** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3463** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3464** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3465** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3466** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3467** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3468** behave differently in three ways:
3469**
3470** <ol>
3471** <li>
3472** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3473** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3474** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3475** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3476** </li>
3477**
3478** <li>
3479** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3480** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3481** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3482** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3483** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3484** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3485** </li>
3486**
3487** <li>
3488** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3489** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3490** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3491** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3492** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3493** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3494** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3495** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3496** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3497** </li>
3498** </ol>
3499*/
3500int sqlite3_prepare(
3501  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3502  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3503  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3504  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3505  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3506);
3507int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3508  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3509  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3510  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3511  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3512  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3513);
3514int sqlite3_prepare16(
3515  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3516  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3517  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3518  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3519  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3520);
3521int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3522  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3523  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3524  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3525  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3526  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3527);
3528
3529/*
3530** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3531** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3532**
3533** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3534** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3535** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3536** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3537** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3538** [bound parameters] expanded.
3539**
3540** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3541** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3542** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3543** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3544** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3545**
3546** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3547** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3548** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3549**
3550** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3551** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3552** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3553**
3554** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3555** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3556** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3557** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3558** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3559*/
3560const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3561char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3562
3563/*
3564** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3565** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3566**
3567** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3568** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3569** the content of the database file.
3570**
3571** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3572** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3573** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3574** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3575** change the database file through side-effects:
3576**
3577** <blockquote><pre>
3578**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3579** </pre></blockquote>
3580**
3581** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3582** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3583**
3584** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3585** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3586** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3587** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3588** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3589** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3590** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3591** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3592*/
3593int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3594
3595/*
3596** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3597** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3598**
3599** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3600** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3601** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3602** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3603** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3604** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3605** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3606** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3607**
3608** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3609** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3610** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3611** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3612** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3613*/
3614int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3615
3616/*
3617** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3618** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3619**
3620** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3621** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3622** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3623** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3624**
3625** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3626** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3627** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3628** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3629** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3630** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3631** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3632**
3633** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3634** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3635** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3636** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3637** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3638** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3639** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3640** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3641** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3642** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3643** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3644** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3645**
3646** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3647** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3648** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3649** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3650** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3651** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3652** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3653** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3654*/
3655typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3656
3657/*
3658** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3659**
3660** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3661** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3662** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3663** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3664** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3665** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3666** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3667** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3668*/
3669typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3670
3671/*
3672** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3673** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3674** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3675** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3676**
3677** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3678** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3679** templates:
3680**
3681** <ul>
3682** <li>  ?
3683** <li>  ?NNN
3684** <li>  :VVV
3685** <li>  @VVV
3686** <li>  $VVV
3687** </ul>
3688**
3689** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3690** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3691** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3692** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3693**
3694** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3695** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3696** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3697**
3698** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3699** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3700** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3701** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3702** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3703** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3704** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3705** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3706** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3707**
3708** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3709** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3710** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3711** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3712**
3713** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3714** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3715** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3716** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3717** is negative, then the length of the string is
3718** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3719** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3720** the behavior is undefined.
3721** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3722** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3723** that parameter must be the byte offset
3724** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3725** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3726** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3727** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3728** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3729**
3730** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3731** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3732** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3733** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3734** ^If the fifth argument is
3735** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3736** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3737** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3738** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3739** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3740**
3741** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3742** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3743** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3744** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3745** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3746** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3747** is undefined.
3748**
3749** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3750** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3751** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3752** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3753** content is later written using
3754** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3755** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3756**
3757** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3758** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3759** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3760** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3761** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3762** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3763**
3764** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3765** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3766**
3767** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3768** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3769** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3770** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3771** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3772** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3773** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3774**
3775** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3776** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3777*/
3778int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3779int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3780                        void(*)(void*));
3781int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3782int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3783int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3784int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3785int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3786int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3787int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3788                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3789int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3790int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3791int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3792
3793/*
3794** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3795** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3796**
3797** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3798** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3799** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3800** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3801** to the parameters at a later time.
3802**
3803** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3804** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3805** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3806** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3807**
3808** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3809** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3810** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3811*/
3812int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3813
3814/*
3815** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3816** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3817**
3818** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3819** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3820** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3821** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3822** respectively.
3823** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3824** is included as part of the name.)^
3825** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3826** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3827**
3828** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3829**
3830** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3831** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3832** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3833** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3834** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3835**
3836** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3837** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3838** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3839*/
3840const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3841
3842/*
3843** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3844** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3845**
3846** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3847** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3848** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3849** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3850** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3851** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3852**
3853** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3854** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3855** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
3856*/
3857int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3858
3859/*
3860** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3861** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3862**
3863** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3864** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3865** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3866*/
3867int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3868
3869/*
3870** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3871** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3872**
3873** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3874** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3875** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3876**
3877** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3878*/
3879int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3880
3881/*
3882** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3883** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3884**
3885** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3886** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3887** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3888** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3889** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3890** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3891** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3892**
3893** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3894** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3895** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3896** or until the next call to
3897** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3898**
3899** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3900** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3901** NULL pointer is returned.
3902**
3903** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3904** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3905** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3906** one release of SQLite to the next.
3907*/
3908const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3909const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3910
3911/*
3912** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3913** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3914**
3915** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3916** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3917** [SELECT] statement.
3918** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3919** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3920** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3921** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3922** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3923** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3924** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3925** or until the same information is requested
3926** again in a different encoding.
3927**
3928** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3929** database, table, and column.
3930**
3931** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3932** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3933** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3934** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3935**
3936** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3937** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3938** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3939** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3940** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3941**
3942** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3943** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3944**
3945** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3946** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3947**
3948** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3949** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3950** undefined.
3951**
3952** If two or more threads call one or more
3953** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3954** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3955** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3956*/
3957const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3958const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3959const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3960const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3961const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3962const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3963
3964/*
3965** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3966** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3967**
3968** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3969** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3970** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3971** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3972** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3973** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3974** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3975**
3976** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3977**
3978** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3979**
3980** and the following statement to be compiled:
3981**
3982** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3983**
3984** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3985** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3986**
3987** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3988** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3989** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3990** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3991** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3992** used to hold those values.
3993*/
3994const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3995const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3996
3997/*
3998** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3999** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4000**
4001** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
4002** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
4003** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4004** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4005**
4006** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4007** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
4008** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4009** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4010** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4011** interface will continue to be supported.
4012**
4013** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4014** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4015** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4016** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4017**
4018** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4019** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4020** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4021** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4022** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4023** continuing.
4024**
4025** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4026** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4027** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4028** machine back to its initial state.
4029**
4030** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4031** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4032** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4033** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4034**
4035** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4036** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4037** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4038** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4039** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4040** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4041** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4042** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4043**
4044** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4045** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4046** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4047** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4048** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4049** more threads at the same moment in time.
4050**
4051** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4052** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4053** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4054** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4055** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4056** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4057** sqlite3_step() began
4058** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4059** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4060** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4061** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4062** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4063**
4064** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4065** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4066** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4067** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4068** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4069** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4070** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4071** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
4072** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4073** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4074** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
4075*/
4076int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4077
4078/*
4079** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4080** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4081**
4082** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4083** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4084** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4085** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4086** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4087** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4088** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4089** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4090** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4091** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4092** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4093** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4094**
4095** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4096*/
4097int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4098
4099/*
4100** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4101** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4102**
4103** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4104**
4105** <ul>
4106** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4107** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4108** <li> string
4109** <li> BLOB
4110** <li> NULL
4111** </ul>)^
4112**
4113** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4114**
4115** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4116** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4117** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4118** SQLITE_TEXT.
4119*/
4120#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4121#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4122#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4123#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4124#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4125# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4126#else
4127# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4128#endif
4129#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4130
4131/*
4132** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4133** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4134** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4135**
4136** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4137** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4138** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4139** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4140** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4141** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4142** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4143** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4144**
4145** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4146** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4147** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4148** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4149** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4150** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4151** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4152** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4153** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4154** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4155** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4156**
4157** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4158** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4159** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4160** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
4161** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
4162** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
4163** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
4164** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4165** following a type conversion.
4166**
4167** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4168** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4169** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4170** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4171** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4172** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4173** the number of bytes in that string.
4174** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4175**
4176** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4177** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4178** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4179** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4180** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4181** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4182** the number of bytes in that string.
4183** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4184**
4185** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4186** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4187** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4188** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4189** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4190**
4191** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4192** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4193** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4194**
4195** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4196** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4197** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4198** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4199** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4200** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4201** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4202** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4203**
4204** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
4205** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4206** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4207** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4208** that are applied:
4209**
4210** <blockquote>
4211** <table border="1">
4212** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4213**
4214** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4215** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4216** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4217** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4218** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4219** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4220** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4221** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4222** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4223** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4224** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4225** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4226** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4227** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4228** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4229** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4230** </table>
4231** </blockquote>)^
4232**
4233** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4234** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4235** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4236** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4237** in the following cases:
4238**
4239** <ul>
4240** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4241**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4242**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4243** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4244**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4245**      to UTF-16.</li>
4246** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4247**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4248**      to UTF-8.</li>
4249** </ul>
4250**
4251** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4252** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4253** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4254** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4255** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4256**
4257** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4258** in one of the following ways:
4259**
4260** <ul>
4261**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4262**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4263**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4264** </ul>
4265**
4266** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4267** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4268** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4269** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4270** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4271** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4272** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4273**
4274** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4275** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4276** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4277** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4278** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4279** [sqlite3_free()].
4280**
4281** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4282** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4283** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4284** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4285** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4286*/
4287const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4288int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4289int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4290double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4291int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4292sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4293const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4294const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4295int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4296sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4297
4298/*
4299** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4300** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4301**
4302** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4303** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4304** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4305** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4306** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4307** [extended error code].
4308**
4309** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4310** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4311** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4312** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4313** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4314** completed execution.
4315**
4316** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4317**
4318** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4319** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4320** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4321** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4322** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4323*/
4324int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4325
4326/*
4327** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4328** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4329**
4330** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4331** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4332** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4333** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4334** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4335**
4336** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4337** back to the beginning of its program.
4338**
4339** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4340** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4341** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4342** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4343**
4344** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4345** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4346** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4347**
4348** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4349** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4350*/
4351int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4352
4353/*
4354** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4355** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4356** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4357** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4358** METHOD: sqlite3
4359**
4360** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4361** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4362** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4363** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4364** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4365** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4366** the application data pointer.
4367**
4368** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4369** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4370** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4371** to each database connection separately.
4372**
4373** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4374** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4375** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4376** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4377** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4378** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4379**
4380** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4381** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4382** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4383** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4384** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4385** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4386** undefined.
4387**
4388** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4389** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4390** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4391** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4392** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4393** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4394** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4395** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4396** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4397** each encoding.
4398** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4399** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4400**
4401** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4402** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4403** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4404** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4405** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4406** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4407** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4408**
4409** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4410** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4411**
4412** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4413** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4414** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4415** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4416** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4417** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4418** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4419** callbacks.
4420**
4421** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4422** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4423** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4424** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4425** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4426** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4427** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4428** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4429** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4430**
4431** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4432** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4433** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4434** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4435** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4436** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4437** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4438** matches the database encoding is a better
4439** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4440** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4441** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4442** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4443**
4444** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4445**
4446** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4447** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4448** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4449** statement in which the function is running.
4450*/
4451int sqlite3_create_function(
4452  sqlite3 *db,
4453  const char *zFunctionName,
4454  int nArg,
4455  int eTextRep,
4456  void *pApp,
4457  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4458  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4459  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4460);
4461int sqlite3_create_function16(
4462  sqlite3 *db,
4463  const void *zFunctionName,
4464  int nArg,
4465  int eTextRep,
4466  void *pApp,
4467  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4468  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4469  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4470);
4471int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4472  sqlite3 *db,
4473  const char *zFunctionName,
4474  int nArg,
4475  int eTextRep,
4476  void *pApp,
4477  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4478  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4479  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4480  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4481);
4482
4483/*
4484** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4485**
4486** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4487** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4488*/
4489#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4490#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4491#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4492#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4493#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4494#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4495
4496/*
4497** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4498**
4499** These constants may be ORed together with the
4500** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4501** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4502** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4503*/
4504#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4505
4506/*
4507** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4508** DEPRECATED
4509**
4510** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4511** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4512** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4513** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4514** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4515*/
4516#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4517SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4518SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4519SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4520SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4521SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4522SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4523                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4524#endif
4525
4526/*
4527** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4528** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4529**
4530** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4531** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4532** the function or aggregate.
4533**
4534** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4535** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4536** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4537** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4538** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4539** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4540** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4541**
4542** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4543** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4544** object results in undefined behavior.
4545**
4546** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4547** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4548** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4549**
4550** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4551** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4552** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4553** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4554**
4555** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4556** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4557** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4558** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4559** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4560** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4561** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4562**
4563** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4564** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4565** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4566** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4567** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4568**
4569** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4570** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4571*/
4572const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4573int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4574int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4575double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4576int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4577sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4578const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4579const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4580const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4581const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4582int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4583int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4584
4585/*
4586** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4587** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4588**
4589** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4590** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4591** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4592** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4593** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4594**
4595** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
4596** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
4597** input of another.
4598*/
4599unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4600
4601/*
4602** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4603** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4604**
4605** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4606** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4607** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4608** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4609** memory allocation fails.
4610**
4611** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4612** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4613** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4614*/
4615sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4616void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4617
4618/*
4619** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4620** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4621**
4622** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4623** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4624**
4625** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4626** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4627** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4628** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4629** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4630** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4631** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4632** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4633** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4634** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4635** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4636** first time from within xFinal().)^
4637**
4638** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4639** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4640** allocate error occurs.
4641**
4642** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4643** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4644** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4645** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4646** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4647** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4648** pointless memory allocations occur.
4649**
4650** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4651** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4652**
4653** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4654** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4655** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4656** function.
4657**
4658** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4659** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4660*/
4661void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4662
4663/*
4664** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4665** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4666**
4667** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4668** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4669** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4670** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4671** registered the application defined function.
4672**
4673** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4674** the application-defined function is running.
4675*/
4676void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4677
4678/*
4679** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4680** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4681**
4682** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4683** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4684** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4685** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4686** registered the application defined function.
4687*/
4688sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4689
4690/*
4691** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4692** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4693**
4694** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4695** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4696** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4697** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4698** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4699** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4700** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4701** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4702** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4703** invocations of the same function.
4704**
4705** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4706** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4707** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4708** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4709** returns a NULL pointer.
4710**
4711** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4712** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4713** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4714** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4715** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4716** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4717** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4718** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4719** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4720** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
4721** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4722**      SQL statement)^, or
4723** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
4724**       parameter)^, or
4725** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4726**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
4727**
4728** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4729** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4730** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4731** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4732** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4733** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4734**
4735** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4736** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4737** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4738**
4739** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4740** the SQL function is running.
4741*/
4742void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4743void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4744
4745
4746/*
4747** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4748**
4749** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4750** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4751** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4752** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4753** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4754** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4755** the content before returning.
4756**
4757** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4758** C++ compilers.
4759*/
4760typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4761#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4762#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4763
4764/*
4765** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4766** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4767**
4768** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4769** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4770** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4771** for additional information.
4772**
4773** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4774** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4775** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4776**
4777** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4778** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4779** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4780** third parameter.
4781**
4782** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
4783** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
4784** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
4785**
4786** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4787** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4788** by its 2nd argument.
4789**
4790** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4791** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4792** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4793** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4794** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4795** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4796** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4797** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4798** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4799** message all text up through the first zero character.
4800** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4801** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4802** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4803** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4804** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4805** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4806** modify the text after they return without harm.
4807** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4808** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4809** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4810** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4811**
4812** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4813** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4814**
4815** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4816** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4817**
4818** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4819** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4820** value given in the 2nd argument.
4821** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4822** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4823** value given in the 2nd argument.
4824**
4825** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4826** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4827**
4828** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4829** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4830** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4831** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4832** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4833** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4834** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4835** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4836** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4837** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4838** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4839** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4840** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4841** through the first zero character.
4842** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4843** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4844** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4845** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4846** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4847** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4848** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4849** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4850** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4851** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4852** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4853** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4854** finished using that result.
4855** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4856** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4857** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4858** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4859** when it has finished using that result.
4860** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4861** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4862** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4863** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4864**
4865** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4866** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4867** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4868** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4869** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4870** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4871** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4872** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4873** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4874**
4875** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4876** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4877** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4878*/
4879void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4880void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4881                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4882void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4883void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4884void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4885void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4886void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4887void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4888void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4889void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4890void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4891void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4892void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4893                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4894void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4895void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4896void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4897void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4898void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4899int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
4900
4901
4902/*
4903** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
4904** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4905**
4906** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
4907** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
4908** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
4909** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
4910** higher order bits are discarded.
4911** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
4912** in future releases of SQLite.
4913*/
4914void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
4915
4916/*
4917** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4918** METHOD: sqlite3
4919**
4920** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4921** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4922**
4923** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4924** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4925** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4926** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4927** considered to be the same name.
4928**
4929** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4930** <ul>
4931** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4932** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4933** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4934** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4935** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4936** </ul>)^
4937** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4938** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4939** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4940** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4941** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4942** on an even byte address.
4943**
4944** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4945** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4946**
4947** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4948** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4949** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4950** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4951** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4952** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4953** that collation is no longer usable.
4954**
4955** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4956** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4957** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4958** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4959** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4960** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4961** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4962** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4963** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4964** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4965** strings A, B, and C:
4966**
4967** <ol>
4968** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4969** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4970** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4971** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4972** </ol>
4973**
4974** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4975** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4976** is undefined.
4977**
4978** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4979** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4980** the collating function is deleted.
4981** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4982** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4983** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4984**
4985** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4986** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4987** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4988** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4989** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4990** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4991** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4992** compatibility.
4993**
4994** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4995*/
4996int sqlite3_create_collation(
4997  sqlite3*,
4998  const char *zName,
4999  int eTextRep,
5000  void *pArg,
5001  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5002);
5003int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5004  sqlite3*,
5005  const char *zName,
5006  int eTextRep,
5007  void *pArg,
5008  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5009  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5010);
5011int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5012  sqlite3*,
5013  const void *zName,
5014  int eTextRep,
5015  void *pArg,
5016  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5017);
5018
5019/*
5020** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5021** METHOD: sqlite3
5022**
5023** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5024** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5025** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5026** sequence is required.
5027**
5028** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5029** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5030** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5031** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5032** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5033**
5034** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5035** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5036** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5037** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5038** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5039** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5040** required collation sequence.)^
5041**
5042** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5043** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5044** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5045*/
5046int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5047  sqlite3*,
5048  void*,
5049  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5050);
5051int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5052  sqlite3*,
5053  void*,
5054  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5055);
5056
5057#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5058/*
5059** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5060** called right after sqlite3_open().
5061**
5062** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5063** of SQLite.
5064*/
5065int sqlite3_key(
5066  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5067  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5068);
5069int sqlite3_key_v2(
5070  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5071  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5072  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5073);
5074
5075/*
5076** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5077** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5078** database is decrypted.
5079**
5080** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5081** of SQLite.
5082*/
5083int sqlite3_rekey(
5084  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5085  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5086);
5087int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5088  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5089  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5090  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5091);
5092
5093/*
5094** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5095** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5096*/
5097void sqlite3_activate_see(
5098  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5099);
5100#endif
5101
5102#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5103/*
5104** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5105** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5106*/
5107void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5108  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5109);
5110#endif
5111
5112/*
5113** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5114**
5115** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5116** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5117**
5118** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5119** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5120** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5121** requested from the operating system is returned.
5122**
5123** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5124** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5125** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5126** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5127** in the previous paragraphs.
5128*/
5129int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5130
5131/*
5132** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5133**
5134** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5135** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5136** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5137** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5138** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5139** temporary file directory.
5140**
5141** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5142** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5143** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5144** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5145** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5146** be avoided in new projects.
5147**
5148** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5149** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5150** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5151** thread.
5152** It is intended that this variable be set once
5153** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5154** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5155** thereafter.
5156**
5157** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5158** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5159** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5160** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5161** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5162** using [sqlite3_free].
5163** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5164** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5165** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5166** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5167** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5168** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5169** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5170** objects have been destroyed.
5171**
5172** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5173** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5174** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5175** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5176**
5177** <blockquote><pre>
5178** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5179** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5180** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5181** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5182** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5183** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5184** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5185** </pre></blockquote>
5186*/
5187SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5188
5189/*
5190** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5191**
5192** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5193** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5194** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5195** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5196** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5197** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5198** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5199** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5200** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5201**
5202** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5203** open can result in a corrupt database.
5204**
5205** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5206** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5207** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5208** thread.
5209** It is intended that this variable be set once
5210** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5211** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5212** thereafter.
5213**
5214** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5215** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5216** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5217** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5218** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5219** using [sqlite3_free].
5220** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5221** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5222** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5223*/
5224SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5225
5226/*
5227** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5228** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5229** METHOD: sqlite3
5230**
5231** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5232** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5233** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5234** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5235** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5236**
5237** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5238** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5239** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5240** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5241** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5242** an error is to use this function.
5243**
5244** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5245** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5246** is undefined.
5247*/
5248int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5249
5250/*
5251** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5252** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5253**
5254** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5255** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5256** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5257** that was the first argument
5258** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5259** create the statement in the first place.
5260*/
5261sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5262
5263/*
5264** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5265** METHOD: sqlite3
5266**
5267** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5268** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5269** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5270** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5271** a NULL pointer is returned.
5272**
5273** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5274** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5275** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5276** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5277*/
5278const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5279
5280/*
5281** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5282** METHOD: sqlite3
5283**
5284** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5285** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5286** the name of a database on connection D.
5287*/
5288int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5289
5290/*
5291** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5292** METHOD: sqlite3
5293**
5294** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5295** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5296** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5297** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5298** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5299**
5300** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5301** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5302** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5303*/
5304sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5305
5306/*
5307** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5308** METHOD: sqlite3
5309**
5310** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5311** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5312** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5313** for the same database connection is overridden.
5314** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5315** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5316** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5317** for the same database connection is overridden.
5318** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5319** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5320** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5321**
5322** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5323** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5324** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5325** the first call for each function on D.
5326**
5327** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5328** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5329** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5330** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5331** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5332** or rollback hook in the first place.
5333** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5334** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5335** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5336**
5337** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5338**
5339** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5340** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5341** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5342** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5343** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5344**
5345** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5346** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5347** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5348** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5349** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5350**
5351** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5352*/
5353void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5354void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5355
5356/*
5357** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5358** METHOD: sqlite3
5359**
5360** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5361** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5362** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5363** a [rowid table].
5364** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5365** for the same database connection is overridden.
5366**
5367** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5368** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5369** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5370** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5371** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5372** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5373** to be invoked.
5374** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5375** database and table name containing the affected row.
5376** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5377** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5378**
5379** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5380** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5381** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5382**
5383** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5384** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5385** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5386** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5387** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5388** release of SQLite.
5389**
5390** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5391** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5392** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5393** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5394** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5395** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5396**
5397** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5398** returns the P argument from the previous call
5399** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5400** the first call on D.
5401**
5402** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5403** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5404*/
5405void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5406  sqlite3*,
5407  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5408  void*
5409);
5410
5411/*
5412** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5413**
5414** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5415** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5416** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5417** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5418**
5419** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5420** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5421** In prior versions of SQLite,
5422** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5423**
5424** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5425** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5426** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5427** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5428**
5429** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5430** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5431**
5432** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5433** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5434** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5435**
5436** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5437** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5438** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5439** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5440**
5441** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5442** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5443**
5444** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5445*/
5446int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5447
5448/*
5449** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5450**
5451** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5452** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5453** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5454** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5455** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5456** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5457** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5458** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5459**
5460** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5461*/
5462int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5463
5464/*
5465** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5466** METHOD: sqlite3
5467**
5468** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5469** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5470** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5471** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5472** omitted.
5473**
5474** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5475*/
5476int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5477
5478/*
5479** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5480**
5481** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5482** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5483** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5484** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5485** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5486** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5487** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5488** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5489** is advisory only.
5490**
5491** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5492** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5493** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5494** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5495** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5496** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5497**
5498** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5499**
5500** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5501** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5502**
5503** <ul>
5504** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5505** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5506**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5507**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5508** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5509**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5510** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5511**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5512**      from the heap.
5513** </ul>)^
5514**
5515** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5516** the soft heap limit is enforced
5517** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5518** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5519** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5520** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5521** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5522** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5523** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5524** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5525**
5526** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5527** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5528*/
5529sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5530
5531/*
5532** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5533** DEPRECATED
5534**
5535** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5536** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5537** only.  All new applications should use the
5538** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5539*/
5540SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5541
5542
5543/*
5544** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5545** METHOD: sqlite3
5546**
5547** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5548** information about column C of table T in database D
5549** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5550** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5551** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5552** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5553** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5554** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5555** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5556** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5557** does not.
5558**
5559** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5560** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5561** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5562** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5563** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5564** resolve unqualified table references.
5565**
5566** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5567** name of the desired column, respectively.
5568**
5569** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5570** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5571** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5572**
5573** ^(<blockquote>
5574** <table border="1">
5575** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5576**
5577** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5578** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5579** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5580** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5581** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5582** </table>
5583** </blockquote>)^
5584**
5585** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5586** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5587** call to any SQLite API function.
5588**
5589** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5590**
5591** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5592** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5593** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5594** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5595** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5596** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5597**
5598** <pre>
5599**     data type: "INTEGER"
5600**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5601**     not null: 0
5602**     primary key: 1
5603**     auto increment: 0
5604** </pre>)^
5605**
5606** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5607** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5608** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5609*/
5610int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5611  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5612  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5613  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5614  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5615  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5616  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5617  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5618  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5619  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5620);
5621
5622/*
5623** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5624** METHOD: sqlite3
5625**
5626** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5627**
5628** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5629** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5630** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5631** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5632** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5633** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5634** be tried also.
5635**
5636** ^The entry point is zProc.
5637** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5638** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5639** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5640** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5641** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5642** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5643** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5644** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5645** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5646** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5647** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5648** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5649** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5650**
5651** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5652** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5653** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5654** prior to calling this API,
5655** otherwise an error will be returned.
5656**
5657** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5658** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5659** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5660** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5661** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5662** access to extension loading capabilities.
5663**
5664** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5665*/
5666int sqlite3_load_extension(
5667  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5668  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5669  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5670  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5671);
5672
5673/*
5674** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5675** METHOD: sqlite3
5676**
5677** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5678** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5679** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5680** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5681**
5682** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5683** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5684** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5685** it back off again.
5686**
5687** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
5688** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
5689** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
5690** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
5691**
5692** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
5693** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
5694** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
5695** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5696** access to extension loading capabilities.
5697*/
5698int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5699
5700/*
5701** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5702**
5703** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5704** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5705** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5706** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5707**
5708** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5709** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5710** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
5711** entry point where as follows:
5712**
5713** <blockquote><pre>
5714** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5715** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5716** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5717** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5718** &nbsp;  );
5719** </pre></blockquote>)^
5720**
5721** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5722** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5723** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5724** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5725** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5726** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5727** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5728**
5729** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5730** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5731** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5732**
5733** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5734** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5735*/
5736int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5737
5738/*
5739** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5740**
5741** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5742** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5743** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5744** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5745** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5746** routines.
5747*/
5748int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5749
5750/*
5751** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5752**
5753** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5754** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5755*/
5756void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5757
5758/*
5759** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5760** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5761** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5762**
5763** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5764** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5765*/
5766
5767/*
5768** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5769*/
5770typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5771typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5772typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5773typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5774
5775/*
5776** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5777** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5778**
5779** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5780** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5781** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5782**
5783** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5784** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5785** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5786** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5787** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5788** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5789** any database connection.
5790*/
5791struct sqlite3_module {
5792  int iVersion;
5793  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5794               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5795               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5796  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5797               int argc, const char *const*argv,
5798               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5799  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5800  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5801  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5802  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5803  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5804  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5805                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5806  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5807  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5808  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5809  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5810  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5811  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5812  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5813  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5814  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5815  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5816                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5817                       void **ppArg);
5818  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5819  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5820  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5821  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5822  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5823  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5824};
5825
5826/*
5827** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5828** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5829**
5830** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5831** of the [virtual table] interface to
5832** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5833** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5834** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5835** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5836**
5837** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5838**
5839** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5840**
5841** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5842** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5843** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5844** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5845** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5846** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5847** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5848**
5849** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5850** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5851** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5852** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5853** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5854**
5855** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5856** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5857**
5858** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
5859** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
5860** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
5861** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
5862** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
5863** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
5864** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
5865** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
5866** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
5867** non-zero.
5868**
5869** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5870** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5871** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5872** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5873** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5874** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5875**
5876** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5877** [xFilter] method.
5878** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5879** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5880**
5881** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5882** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5883** sorting step is required.
5884**
5885** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5886** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5887** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5888** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5889** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5890**
5891** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5892** will be returned by the strategy.
5893**
5894** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
5895** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
5896** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
5897** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
5898**
5899** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
5900** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
5901** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
5902** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
5903** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
5904** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
5905** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
5906** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
5907** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
5908**
5909** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5910** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
5911** If a virtual table extension is
5912** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5913** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5914** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5915** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5916** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
5917** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
5918** It may therefore only be used if
5919** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
5920** 3009000.
5921*/
5922struct sqlite3_index_info {
5923  /* Inputs */
5924  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5925  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5926     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
5927     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5928     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5929     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5930  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5931  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5932  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5933     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5934     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5935  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5936  /* Outputs */
5937  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5938    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5939    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5940  } *aConstraintUsage;
5941  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5942  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5943  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5944  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5945  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5946  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5947  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5948  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
5949  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
5950  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
5951  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
5952};
5953
5954/*
5955** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
5956*/
5957#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
5958
5959/*
5960** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5961**
5962** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5963** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5964** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5965** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5966*/
5967#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
5968#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
5969#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
5970#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
5971#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
5972#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
5973#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
5974#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
5975#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
5976
5977/*
5978** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5979** METHOD: sqlite3
5980**
5981** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5982** ^Module names must be registered before
5983** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5984** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5985**
5986** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5987** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5988** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5989** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5990** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5991** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5992** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5993**
5994** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5995** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5996** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5997** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5998** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5999** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6000** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6001** destructor.
6002*/
6003int sqlite3_create_module(
6004  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6005  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6006  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6007  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6008);
6009int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6010  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6011  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6012  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6013  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6014  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6015);
6016
6017/*
6018** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6019** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6020**
6021** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6022** of this object to describe a particular instance
6023** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6024** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6025** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6026** common to all module implementations.
6027**
6028** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6029** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6030** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6031** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6032** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6033** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6034*/
6035struct sqlite3_vtab {
6036  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6037  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6038  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6039  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6040};
6041
6042/*
6043** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6044** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6045**
6046** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6047** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6048** [virtual table] and are used
6049** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6050** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6051** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6052** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6053** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6054** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6055**
6056** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6057** are common to all implementations.
6058*/
6059struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6060  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6061  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6062};
6063
6064/*
6065** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6066**
6067** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6068** [virtual table module] call this interface
6069** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6070** the virtual tables they implement.
6071*/
6072int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6073
6074/*
6075** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6076** METHOD: sqlite3
6077**
6078** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6079** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6080** But global versions of those functions
6081** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6082**
6083** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6084** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6085** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6086** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6087** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6088** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6089** by a [virtual table].
6090*/
6091int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6092
6093/*
6094** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6095** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6096** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6097** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6098**
6099** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6100** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6101*/
6102
6103/*
6104** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6105** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6106**
6107** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6108** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6109** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6110** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6111** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6112** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6113** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6114*/
6115typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6116
6117/*
6118** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6119** METHOD: sqlite3
6120** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6121**
6122** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6123** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6124** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6125**
6126** <pre>
6127**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6128** </pre>)^
6129**
6130** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6131** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6132** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6133** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6134** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6135**
6136** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6137** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6138** read-only access.
6139**
6140** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6141** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6142** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6143** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6144** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6145**
6146** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6147** <ul>
6148**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6149**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6150**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6151**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6152**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6153**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6154**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6155**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6156**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6157**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6158**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6159**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6160** </ul>
6161**
6162** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6163** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6164** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6165**
6166**
6167** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6168** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6169** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6170** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6171** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6172** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6173** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6174** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6175** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6176** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6177**
6178** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6179** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6180** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6181** blob.
6182**
6183** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6184** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6185** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6186**
6187** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6188** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6189*/
6190int sqlite3_blob_open(
6191  sqlite3*,
6192  const char *zDb,
6193  const char *zTable,
6194  const char *zColumn,
6195  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6196  int flags,
6197  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6198);
6199
6200/*
6201** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6202** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6203**
6204** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
6205** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6206** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6207** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6208** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
6209** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6210**
6211** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6212** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6213** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6214** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6215** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6216** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6217** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6218** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6219** always returns zero.
6220**
6221** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6222*/
6223int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6224
6225/*
6226** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6227** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6228**
6229** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6230** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6231** handle is still closed.)^
6232**
6233** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6234** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6235** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6236** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6237** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6238**
6239** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6240** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6241** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6242** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6243** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6244** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6245*/
6246int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6247
6248/*
6249** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6250** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6251**
6252** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6253** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6254** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6255** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6256**
6257** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6258** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6259** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6260** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6261*/
6262int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6263
6264/*
6265** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6266** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6267**
6268** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6269** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6270** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6271**
6272** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6273** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6274** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6275** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6276** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6277**
6278** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6279** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6280**
6281** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6282** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6283**
6284** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6285** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6286** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6287** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6288**
6289** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6290*/
6291int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6292
6293/*
6294** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6295** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6296**
6297** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6298** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6299** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6300**
6301** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6302** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6303** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6304** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6305** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6306**
6307** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6308** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6309** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6310**
6311** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6312** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6313** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6314** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6315** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6316** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6317** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6318**
6319** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6320** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6321** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6322** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6323** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6324** or by other independent statements.
6325**
6326** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6327** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6328** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6329** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6330**
6331** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6332*/
6333int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6334
6335/*
6336** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6337**
6338** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6339** that SQLite uses to interact
6340** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6341** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6342** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6343** The following interfaces are provided.
6344**
6345** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6346** ^Names are case sensitive.
6347** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6348** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6349** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6350**
6351** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6352** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6353** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6354** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6355** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6356** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6357** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6358** then the behavior is undefined.
6359**
6360** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6361** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6362** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6363*/
6364sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6365int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6366int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6367
6368/*
6369** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6370**
6371** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6372** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6373** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6374** permitted to use any of these routines.
6375**
6376** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6377** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6378** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6379** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6380**
6381** <ul>
6382** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6383** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6384** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6385** </ul>
6386**
6387** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6388** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6389** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6390** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6391** and Windows.
6392**
6393** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6394** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6395** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6396** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6397** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6398** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6399** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6400**
6401** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6402** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6403** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6404** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6405** integer constants:
6406**
6407** <ul>
6408** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6409** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6410** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6411** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6412** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6413** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6414** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6415** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6416** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6417** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6418** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6419** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6420** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6421** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6422** </ul>
6423**
6424** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6425** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6426** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6427** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6428** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6429** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6430** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6431** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6432** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6433** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6434**
6435** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6436** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6437** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6438** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6439** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6440** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6441** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6442** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6443**
6444** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6445** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6446** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6447** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6448** the same type number.
6449**
6450** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6451** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6452** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6453**
6454** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6455** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6456** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6457** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6458** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6459** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6460** In such cases, the
6461** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6462** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6463** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6464**
6465** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6466** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6467** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6468** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6469** behavior.)^
6470**
6471** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6472** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6473** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6474** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6475**
6476** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6477** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6478** behave as no-ops.
6479**
6480** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6481*/
6482sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6483void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6484void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6485int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6486void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6487
6488/*
6489** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6490**
6491** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6492** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6493**
6494** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6495** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6496** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6497** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6498** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6499** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6500** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6501** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6502** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6503**
6504** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6505** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6506** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6507** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6508**
6509** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6510** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6511** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6512** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6513** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6514** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6515**
6516** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6517** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6518** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6519**
6520** <ul>
6521**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6522**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6523**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6524**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6525**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6526**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6527**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6528** </ul>)^
6529**
6530** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6531** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6532** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6533** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6534** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6535** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6536** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6537**
6538** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6539** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6540** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6541** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6542**
6543** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6544** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6545** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6546** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6547**
6548** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6549** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6550** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6551** prior to returning.
6552*/
6553typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6554struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6555  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6556  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6557  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6558  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6559  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6560  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6561  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6562  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6563  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6564};
6565
6566/*
6567** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6568**
6569** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6570** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6571** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6572** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6573** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6574** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6575** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6576** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6577**
6578** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6579** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6580**
6581** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6582** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6583** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6584** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6585**
6586** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6587** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6588** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6589** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6590** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6591** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6592** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6593** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6594*/
6595#ifndef NDEBUG
6596int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6597int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6598#endif
6599
6600/*
6601** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6602**
6603** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6604** which is one of these integer constants.
6605**
6606** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6607** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6608** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6609*/
6610#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6611#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6612#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6613#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6614#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6615#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6616#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6617#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6618#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6619#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6620#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6621#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6622#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6623#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6624#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6625#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6626
6627/*
6628** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6629** METHOD: sqlite3
6630**
6631** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6632** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6633** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6634** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6635** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6636*/
6637sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6638
6639/*
6640** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6641** METHOD: sqlite3
6642**
6643** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6644** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6645** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6646** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6647** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6648** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6649** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6650** main database file.
6651** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6652** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6653** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6654** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6655**
6656** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6657** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6658** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6659** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6660** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6661**
6662** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6663** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6664** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6665** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6666** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6667** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6668** xFileControl method.
6669**
6670** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6671*/
6672int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6673
6674/*
6675** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6676**
6677** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6678** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6679** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6680** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6681**
6682** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6683** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6684** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6685**
6686** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6687** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6688** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6689** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6690*/
6691int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6692
6693/*
6694** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6695**
6696** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6697** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6698**
6699** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6700** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6701** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6702** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6703*/
6704#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6705#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6706#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6707#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6708#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6709#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6710#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6711#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6712#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6713#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6714#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6715#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6716#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6717#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6718#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6719#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6720#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
6721#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6722#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6723#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6724#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6725#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6726#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6727#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6728
6729/*
6730** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6731**
6732** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6733** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6734** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6735** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6736** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6737** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6738** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6739** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6740** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6741** value.  For those parameters
6742** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6743** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6744** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6745**
6746** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6747** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6748**
6749** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6750** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6751** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6752**
6753** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6754*/
6755int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6756int sqlite3_status64(
6757  int op,
6758  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6759  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6760  int resetFlag
6761);
6762
6763
6764/*
6765** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6766** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6767**
6768** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6769** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6770**
6771** <dl>
6772** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6773** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6774** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6775** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6776** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6777** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6778** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6779** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6780** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6781**
6782** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6783** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6784** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6785** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6786** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6787** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6788**
6789** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6790** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6791** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6792**
6793** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6794** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6795** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6796** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6797** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6798**
6799** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6800** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6801** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6802** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6803** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6804** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6805** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6806** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6807** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6808**
6809** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6810** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6811** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6812** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6813** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6814**
6815** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6816** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6817** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6818** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6819** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6820** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6821** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6822**
6823** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6824** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6825** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6826** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6827** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6828** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6829** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6830** slots were available.
6831** </dd>)^
6832**
6833** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6834** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6835** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6836** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6837** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6838**
6839** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6840** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
6841** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
6842** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6843** </dl>
6844**
6845** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6846*/
6847#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6848#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6849#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6850#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6851#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6852#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6853#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6854#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6855#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6856#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6857
6858/*
6859** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6860** METHOD: sqlite3
6861**
6862** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6863** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6864** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6865** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6866** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6867** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6868** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6869** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6870**
6871** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6872** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6873** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6874** reset back down to the current value.
6875**
6876** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6877** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6878**
6879** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6880*/
6881int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6882
6883/*
6884** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6885** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6886**
6887** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6888** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6889**
6890** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6891** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6892** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6893** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6894** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6895**
6896** <dl>
6897** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6898** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6899** checked out.</dd>)^
6900**
6901** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6902** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6903** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6904** the current value is always zero.)^
6905**
6906** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6907** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6908** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6909** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6910** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6911** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6912** the current value is always zero.)^
6913**
6914** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6915** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6916** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6917** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6918** memory already being in use.
6919** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6920** the current value is always zero.)^
6921**
6922** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6923** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6924** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6925** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6926**
6927** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
6928** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
6929** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
6930** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
6931** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
6932** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
6933** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
6934** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
6935** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
6936** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
6937** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
6938**
6939** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6940** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6941** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6942** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6943** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6944** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6945** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6946** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6947**
6948** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6949** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6950** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6951** the database connection.)^
6952** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6953** </dd>
6954**
6955** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6956** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6957** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6958** is always 0.
6959** </dd>
6960**
6961** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6962** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6963** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6964** is always 0.
6965** </dd>
6966**
6967** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6968** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6969** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6970** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6971** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6972** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6973** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6974** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6975** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6976** </dd>
6977**
6978** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6979** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6980** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6981** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6982** </dd>
6983** </dl>
6984*/
6985#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6986#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6987#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6988#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6989#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6990#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6991#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6992#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6993#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6994#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6995#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6996#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
6997#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6998
6999
7000/*
7001** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7002** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7003**
7004** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7005** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7006** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7007** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7008** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7009** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7010** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7011** an index.
7012**
7013** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7014** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7015** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7016** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7017** to be interrogated.)^
7018** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7019** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7020** interface call returns.
7021**
7022** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7023*/
7024int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7025
7026/*
7027** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7028** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7029**
7030** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7031** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7032** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7033**
7034** <dl>
7035** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7036** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7037** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7038** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7039** careful use of indices.</dd>
7040**
7041** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7042** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7043** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7044** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7045**
7046** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7047** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7048** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7049** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7050** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7051** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7052**
7053** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7054** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7055** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7056** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7057** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7058** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7059** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7060** </dd>
7061** </dl>
7062*/
7063#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7064#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7065#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7066#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7067
7068/*
7069** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7070**
7071** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7072** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7073** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7074** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7075** to the object.
7076**
7077** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7078*/
7079typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7080
7081/*
7082** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7083**
7084** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7085** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7086** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7087** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7088**
7089** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7090*/
7091typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7092struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7093  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7094  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7095};
7096
7097/*
7098** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7099** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7100**
7101** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7102** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7103** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7104** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7105** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7106** By implementing a
7107** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7108** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7109** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7110** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7111** how long.
7112**
7113** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7114** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7115** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7116**
7117** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7118** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7119** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7120** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7121**
7122** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7123** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7124** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7125** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7126** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7127** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7128** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7129** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7130** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7131** page cache.)^
7132**
7133** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7134** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7135** It can be used to clean up
7136** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7137** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7138**
7139** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7140** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7141** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7142** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7143** in multithreaded applications.
7144**
7145** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7146** call to xShutdown().
7147**
7148** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7149** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7150** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7151** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7152** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7153** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7154** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7155** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7156** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7157** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7158** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7159** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7160** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7161** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7162** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7163** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7164** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7165** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7166** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7167** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7168** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7169** never contain any unpinned pages.
7170**
7171** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7172** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7173** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7174** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7175** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7176** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7177** value; it is advisory only.
7178**
7179** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7180** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7181** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7182**
7183** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7184** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7185** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7186** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7187** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7188** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7189** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7190** for each entry in the page cache.
7191**
7192** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7193** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7194** to be "pinned".
7195**
7196** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7197** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7198** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7199** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7200** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7201**
7202** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7203** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7204** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7205** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7206**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7207** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7208**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7209** </table>
7210**
7211** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7212** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7213** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7214** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7215** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7216**
7217** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7218** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7219** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7220** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7221** ^If the discard parameter is
7222** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7223** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7224** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7225**
7226** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7227** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7228** to xFetch().
7229**
7230** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7231** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7232** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7233** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7234** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7235** to be pinned.
7236**
7237** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7238** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7239** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7240** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7241** they can be safely discarded.
7242**
7243** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7244** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7245** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7246** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7247** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7248** functions.
7249**
7250** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7251** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7252** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7253** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7254** do their best.
7255*/
7256typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7257struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7258  int iVersion;
7259  void *pArg;
7260  int (*xInit)(void*);
7261  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7262  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7263  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7264  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7265  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7266  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7267  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7268      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7269  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7270  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7271  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7272};
7273
7274/*
7275** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7276** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7277** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7278*/
7279typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7280struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7281  void *pArg;
7282  int (*xInit)(void*);
7283  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7284  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7285  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7286  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7287  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7288  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7289  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7290  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7291  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7292};
7293
7294
7295/*
7296** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7297**
7298** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7299** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7300** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7301** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7302**
7303** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7304*/
7305typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7306
7307/*
7308** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7309**
7310** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7311** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7312** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7313**
7314** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7315**
7316** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7317** for the duration of the backup operation.
7318** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7319** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7320** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7321** preventing other database connections from
7322** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7323**
7324** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7325**   <ol>
7326**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7327**         backup,
7328**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7329**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7330**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7331**         associated with the backup operation.
7332**   </ol>)^
7333** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7334** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7335**
7336** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7337**
7338** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7339** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7340** and the database name, respectively.
7341** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7342** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7343** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7344** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7345** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7346** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7347** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7348** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7349** an error.
7350**
7351** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7352** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7353** destination database.
7354**
7355** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7356** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7357** destination [database connection] D.
7358** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7359** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7360** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7361** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7362** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7363** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7364** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7365** operation.
7366**
7367** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7368**
7369** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7370** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7371** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7372** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7373** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7374** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7375** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7376** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7377** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7378** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7379** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7380** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7381**
7382** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7383** <ol>
7384** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7385** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7386** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7387** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7388** destination and source page sizes differ.
7389** </ol>)^
7390**
7391** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7392** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7393** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7394** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7395** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7396** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7397** [database connection]
7398** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7399** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7400** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7401** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7402** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7403** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7404** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7405** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7406** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7407**
7408** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7409** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7410** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7411** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7412** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7413** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7414** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7415** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7416** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7417** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7418** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7419** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7420** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7421** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7422** updated at the same time.
7423**
7424** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7425**
7426** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7427** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7428** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7429** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7430** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7431** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7432** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7433** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7434** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7435**
7436** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7437** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7438** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7439** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7440** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7441** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7442**
7443** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7444** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7445** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7446**
7447** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7448** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7449**
7450** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7451** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7452** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7453** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7454** sqlite3_backup_step().
7455** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7456** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7457** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7458** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7459** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7460** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7461**
7462** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7463**
7464** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7465** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7466** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7467** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7468** from within other threads.
7469**
7470** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7471** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7472** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7473** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7474** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7475** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7476** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7477** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7478**
7479** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7480** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7481** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7482** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7483** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7484** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7485**
7486** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7487** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7488** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7489** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7490** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7491** possible that they return invalid values.
7492*/
7493sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7494  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7495  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7496  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7497  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7498);
7499int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7500int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7501int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7502int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7503
7504/*
7505** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7506** METHOD: sqlite3
7507**
7508** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7509** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7510** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7511** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7512** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7513** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7514** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7515** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7516**
7517** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7518**
7519** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7520** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7521**
7522** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7523** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7524** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7525** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7526** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7527** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7528** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7529** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7530** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7531** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7532**
7533** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7534** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7535** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7536** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7537** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7538**
7539** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7540** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7541** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7542** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7543**
7544** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7545** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7546** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7547** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7548** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7549** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7550** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7551** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7552**
7553** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7554** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7555** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7556**
7557** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7558** returns SQLITE_OK.
7559**
7560** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7561**
7562** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7563** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7564** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7565** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7566** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7567** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7568**
7569** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7570** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7571** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7572** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7573** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7574** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7575** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7576** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7577**
7578** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7579**
7580** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7581** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7582** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7583** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7584** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7585** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7586** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7587**
7588** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7589** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7590** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7591** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7592** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7593** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7594** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7595** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7596** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7597** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7598** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7599** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7600**
7601** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7602**
7603** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7604** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7605** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7606** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7607** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7608** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7609** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7610** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7611** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7612**
7613** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7614** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7615** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7616** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7617** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7618*/
7619int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7620  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7621  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7622  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7623);
7624
7625
7626/*
7627** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7628**
7629** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7630** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7631** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7632** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7633*/
7634int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7635int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7636
7637/*
7638** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7639*
7640** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7641** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7642** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7643** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7644** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7645** is case sensitive.
7646**
7647** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7648** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7649**
7650** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7651*/
7652int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7653
7654/*
7655** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7656*
7657** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7658** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7659** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7660** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7661** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7662** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7663** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7664** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7665** one another.
7666**
7667** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7668** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7669**
7670** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7671** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7672**
7673** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7674*/
7675int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7676
7677/*
7678** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7679**
7680** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7681** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7682** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7683** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7684**
7685** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7686** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7687** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7688** is considered bad form.
7689**
7690** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7691**
7692** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7693** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7694** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7695** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7696** buffer.
7697*/
7698void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7699
7700/*
7701** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7702** METHOD: sqlite3
7703**
7704** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7705** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7706**
7707** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7708** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7709** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7710**
7711** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7712** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7713** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7714** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7715** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7716** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7717** including those that were just committed.
7718**
7719** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7720** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7721** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7722** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7723** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7724** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7725** are undefined.
7726**
7727** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7728** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7729** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7730** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7731** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7732** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7733*/
7734void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7735  sqlite3*,
7736  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7737  void*
7738);
7739
7740/*
7741** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7742** METHOD: sqlite3
7743**
7744** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7745** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7746** to automatically [checkpoint]
7747** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7748** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7749** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7750** checkpoints entirely.
7751**
7752** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7753** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7754** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7755** configured by this function.
7756**
7757** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7758** from SQL.
7759**
7760** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7761** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7762**
7763** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7764** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7765** pages.  The use of this interface
7766** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7767** for a particular application.
7768*/
7769int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7770
7771/*
7772** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7773** METHOD: sqlite3
7774**
7775** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7776** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7777**
7778** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7779** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7780** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7781** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7782** information.
7783**
7784** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7785** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7786** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7787** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7788** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7789** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7790*/
7791int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7792
7793/*
7794** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7795** METHOD: sqlite3
7796**
7797** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7798** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7799** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7800** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7801**
7802** <dl>
7803** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7804**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7805**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7806**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7807**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7808**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7809**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7810**
7811** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7812**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7813**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7814**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7815**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7816**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7817**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7818**
7819** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7820**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7821**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7822**   [busy-handler callback])
7823**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7824**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7825**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7826**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7827**
7828** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7829**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7830**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7831**   to a successful return.
7832** </dl>
7833**
7834** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7835** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7836** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7837** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7838** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7839** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7840** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7841** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7842** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7843**
7844** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7845** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7846** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7847** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7848**
7849** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7850** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7851** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7852** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7853** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7854** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7855** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7856** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7857** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7858** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7859**
7860** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7861** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7862** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7863** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7864** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7865** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7866** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7867** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7868** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7869** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7870** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7871**
7872** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7873** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7874** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7875** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7876**
7877** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7878** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7879** sets the error information that is queried by
7880** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7881**
7882** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7883** from SQL.
7884*/
7885int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7886  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7887  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7888  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7889  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7890  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7891);
7892
7893/*
7894** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7895** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7896**
7897** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7898** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7899** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7900** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7901*/
7902#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7903#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7904#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7905#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7906
7907/*
7908** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7909**
7910** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7911** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7912** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7913**
7914** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7915** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7916**
7917** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7918** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7919** may be added in the future.
7920*/
7921int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7922
7923/*
7924** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7925**
7926** These macros define the various options to the
7927** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7928** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7929**
7930** <dl>
7931** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7932** <dd>Calls of the form
7933** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7934** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7935** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7936** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7937** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7938** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7939** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7940** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7941**
7942** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7943** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7944** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7945** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7946** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7947** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7948** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7949** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7950** had been ABORT.
7951**
7952** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7953** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7954** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7955** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7956** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7957** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7958** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7959** constraint handling.
7960** </dl>
7961*/
7962#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7963
7964/*
7965** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7966**
7967** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7968** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7969** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7970** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7971** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7972** [virtual table].
7973*/
7974int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7975
7976/*
7977** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7978** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7979**
7980** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7981** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7982** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7983**
7984** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7985** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7986** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7987*/
7988#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7989/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7990#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7991/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7992#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7993
7994/*
7995** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7996** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7997**
7998** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7999** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8000** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8001**
8002** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8003** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8004** S is finalized.
8005**
8006** <dl>
8007** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8008** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8009** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8010**
8011** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8012** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8013** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8014**
8015** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8016** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8017** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8018** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8019** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8020** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8021** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8022**
8023** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8024** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8025** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8026** used for the X-th loop.
8027**
8028** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8029** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8030** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8031** description for the X-th loop.
8032**
8033** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8034** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8035** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8036** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8037** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8038** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8039** </dl>
8040*/
8041#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8042#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8043#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8044#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8045#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8046#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8047
8048/*
8049** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8050** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8051**
8052** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8053** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8054** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8055** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8056**
8057** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8058** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8059** compile-time option.
8060**
8061** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8062** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8063** of this interface is undefined.
8064** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8065** the "pOut" parameter.
8066** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8067** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8068** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8069** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8070** points to is unchanged.
8071**
8072** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8073** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8074** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8075** that pOut points to unchanged.
8076**
8077** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8078*/
8079int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8080  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8081  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8082  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8083  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8084);
8085
8086/*
8087** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8088** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8089**
8090** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8091**
8092** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8093** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8094*/
8095void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8096
8097/*
8098** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8099**
8100** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8101** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8102** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8103** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8104** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8105** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8106** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8107** any [attached] databases.
8108**
8109** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8110** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8111** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8112** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8113** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8114** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8115** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8116** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8117**
8118** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8119** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8120** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8121**
8122** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8123**
8124** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8125** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8126*/
8127int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8128
8129/*
8130** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8131**
8132** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8133** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8134**
8135** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8136** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8137** on a [rowid table].
8138** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8139** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8140** the previous setting.
8141** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8142** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8143** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8144** the first parameter to callbacks.
8145**
8146** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to [rowid tables]; the preupdate
8147** hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or [WITHOUT ROWID]
8148** tables.
8149**
8150** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8151** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8152** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8153** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8154** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8155** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8156** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8157** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8158** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8159** databases.)^
8160** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8161** table that is being modified.
8162** ^The sixth parameter to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8163** row being changes for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE changes and is
8164** undefined for SQLITE_INSERT changes.
8165** ^The seventh parameter to the preupdate callback is the final [rowid] of
8166** the row being changed for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_INSERT changes and is
8167** undefined for SQLITE_DELETE changes.
8168**
8169** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8170** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8171** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8172** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8173** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8174** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8175** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8176** behavior.
8177**
8178** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8179** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8180**
8181** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8182** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8183** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8184** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8185** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8186** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8187** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8188** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8189**
8190** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8191** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8192** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8193** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8194** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8195** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8196** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8197** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8198**
8199** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8200** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8201** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8202** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8203** triggers; and so forth.
8204**
8205** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8206*/
8207SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8208  sqlite3 *db,
8209  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8210    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8211    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8212    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8213    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8214    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8215    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8216    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8217  ),
8218  void*
8219);
8220SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8221SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8222SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8223SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8224
8225/*
8226** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8227**
8228** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8229** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8230** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8231** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8232** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8233** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8234*/
8235int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8236
8237/*
8238** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8239** KEYWORDS: {snapshot}
8240** EXPERIMENTAL
8241**
8242** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8243** database for some specific point in history.
8244**
8245** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8246** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8247** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8248** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8249** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8250** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8251** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8252**
8253** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8254** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8255** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8256** the most recent version.
8257**
8258** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8259** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8260** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8261** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8262*/
8263typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot sqlite3_snapshot;
8264
8265/*
8266** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8267** EXPERIMENTAL
8268**
8269** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8270** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8271** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8272** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8273** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8274** ^If schema S of [database connection] D is not a [WAL mode] database
8275** that is in a read transaction, then [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)]
8276** leaves the *P value unchanged and returns an appropriate [error code].
8277**
8278** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8279** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8280** to avoid a memory leak.
8281**
8282** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8283** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8284*/
8285SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8286  sqlite3 *db,
8287  const char *zSchema,
8288  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8289);
8290
8291/*
8292** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8293** EXPERIMENTAL
8294**
8295** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8296** read transaction for schema S of
8297** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8298** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8299** recent change to the database.
8300** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8301** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8302**
8303** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8304** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8305** out of [autocommit mode].
8306** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8307** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8308** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8309** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8310** [checkpoint].
8311** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8312** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8313** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8314** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8315** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8316** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8317** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8318** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8319**
8320** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8321** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8322*/
8323SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8324  sqlite3 *db,
8325  const char *zSchema,
8326  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8327);
8328
8329/*
8330** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8331** EXPERIMENTAL
8332**
8333** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8334** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8335** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8336**
8337** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8338** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8339*/
8340SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8341
8342/*
8343** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8344** EXPERIMENTAL
8345**
8346** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8347** of two valid snapshot handles.
8348**
8349** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8350** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8351**
8352** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8353** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8354** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8355** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8356** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8357** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8358** is undefined.
8359**
8360** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8361** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8362** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8363*/
8364SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8365  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8366  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8367);
8368
8369/*
8370** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8371** builds on processors without floating point support.
8372*/
8373#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8374# undef double
8375#endif
8376
8377#ifdef __cplusplus
8378}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8379#endif
8380#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8381