xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision de033d07)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Facilitate override of interface linkage and calling conventions.
47** Be aware that these macros may not be used within this particular
48** translation of the amalgamation and its associated header file.
49**
50** The SQLITE_EXTERN and SQLITE_API macros are used to instruct the
51** compiler that the target identifier should have external linkage.
52**
53** The SQLITE_CDECL macro is used to set the calling convention for
54** public functions that accept a variable number of arguments.
55**
56** The SQLITE_APICALL macro is used to set the calling convention for
57** public functions that accept a fixed number of arguments.
58**
59** The SQLITE_STDCALL macro is no longer used and is now deprecated.
60**
61** The SQLITE_CALLBACK macro is used to set the calling convention for
62** function pointers.
63**
64** The SQLITE_SYSAPI macro is used to set the calling convention for
65** functions provided by the operating system.
66**
67** Currently, the SQLITE_CDECL, SQLITE_APICALL, SQLITE_CALLBACK, and
68** SQLITE_SYSAPI macros are used only when building for environments
69** that require non-default calling conventions.
70*/
71#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
72# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
73#endif
74#ifndef SQLITE_API
75# define SQLITE_API
76#endif
77#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
78# define SQLITE_CDECL
79#endif
80#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
81# define SQLITE_APICALL
82#endif
83#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
84# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
85#endif
86#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
87# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
88#endif
89#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
90# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
91#endif
92
93/*
94** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
95** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
96** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
97** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
98** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
99**
100** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
101** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
102** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
103** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
104** noop macros.
105*/
106#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
107#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
108
109/*
110** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
111*/
112#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
113# undef SQLITE_VERSION
114#endif
115#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
116# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
117#endif
118
119/*
120** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
121**
122** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
123** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
124** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
125** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
126** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
127** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
128** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
129** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
130** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
131** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
132** and Z will be reset to zero.
133**
134** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
135** SQLite source code has been stored in the
136** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
137** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
138** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
139** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
140** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
141** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
142** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
143** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
144**
145** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
146** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
147** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
148*/
149#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
150#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
151#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
152
153/*
154** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
155** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
156**
157** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
158** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
159** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
160** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
161** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
162** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
163** compiled with matching library and header files.
164**
165** <blockquote><pre>
166** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
167** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
168** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
169** </pre></blockquote>)^
170**
171** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
172** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
173** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
174** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
175** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
176** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
177** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
178** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
179** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
180** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
181** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
182**
183** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
184*/
185SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
186const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
187const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
188int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
189
190/*
191** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
192**
193** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
194** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
195** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
196** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
197**
198** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
199** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
200** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
201** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
202** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
203** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
204**
205** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
206** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
207** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
208**
209** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
210** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
211*/
212#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
213int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
214const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
215#else
216# define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
217# define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
218#endif
219
220/*
221** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
222**
223** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
224** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
225** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
226**
227** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
228** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
229** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
230** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
231** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
232** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
233**
234** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
235** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
236** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
237** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
238**
239** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
240** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
241** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
242**
243** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
244** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
245** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
246** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
247** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
248** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
249** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
250** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
251** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
252** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
253**
254** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
255*/
256int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
257
258/*
259** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
260** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
261**
262** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
263** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
264** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
265** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
266** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
267** interfaces (such as
268** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
269** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
270** sqlite3 object.
271*/
272typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
273
274/*
275** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
276** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
277**
278** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
279** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
280**
281** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
282** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
283** compatibility only.
284**
285** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
286** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
287** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
288** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
289*/
290#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
291  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
292# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
293    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
294# else
295    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
296# endif
297#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
298  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
299  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
300#else
301  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
302  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
303#endif
304typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
305typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
306
307/*
308** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
309** substitute integer for floating-point.
310*/
311#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
312# define double sqlite3_int64
313#endif
314
315/*
316** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
317** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
318**
319** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
320** for the [sqlite3] object.
321** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
322** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
323** resources are deallocated.
324**
325** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
326** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
327** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
328** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
329** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
330** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
331** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
332** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
333** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
334** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
335** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
336** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
337** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
338** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
339** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
340** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
341**
342** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
343** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
344**
345** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
346** must be either a NULL
347** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
348** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
349** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
350** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
351** argument is a harmless no-op.
352*/
353int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
354int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
355
356/*
357** The type for a callback function.
358** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
359** compatibility and is not documented.
360*/
361typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
362
363/*
364** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
365** METHOD: sqlite3
366**
367** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
368** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
369** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
370** without having to use a lot of C code.
371**
372** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
373** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
374** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
375** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
376** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
377** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
378** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
379** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
380** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
381** ignored.
382**
383** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
384** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
385** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
386** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
387** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
388** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
389** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
390** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
391** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
392** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
393** NULL before returning.
394**
395** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
396** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
397** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
398**
399** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
400** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
401** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
402** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
403** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
404** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
405** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
406** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
407** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
408**
409** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
410** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
411** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
412** is not changed.
413**
414** Restrictions:
415**
416** <ul>
417** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
418**      is a valid and open [database connection].
419** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
420**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
421** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
422**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
423** </ul>
424*/
425int sqlite3_exec(
426  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
427  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
428  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
429  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
430  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
431);
432
433/*
434** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
435** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
436**
437** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
438** here in order to indicate success or failure.
439**
440** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
441**
442** See also: [extended result code definitions]
443*/
444#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
445/* beginning-of-error-codes */
446#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
447#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
448#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
449#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
450#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
451#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
452#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
453#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
454#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
455#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
456#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
457#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
458#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
459#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
460#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
461#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
462#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
463#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
464#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
465#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
466#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
467#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
468#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
469#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
470#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
471#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
472#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
473#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
474#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
475#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
476/* end-of-error-codes */
477
478/*
479** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
480** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
481**
482** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
483** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
484** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
485** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
486** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
487** and later) include
488** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
489** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
490** on a per database connection basis using the
491** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
492** the most recent error can be obtained using
493** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
494*/
495#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
496#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
497#define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
506#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
507#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
508#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
509#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
510#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
511#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
512#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
513#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
514#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
515#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
516#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
517#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
518#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
519#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
520#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
521#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
522#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
523#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
524#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
525#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
526#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
527#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
528#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
529#define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
530#define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
531#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
532#define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
533#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
534#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
535#define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
536#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
537#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
538#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
539#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
540#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
541#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
542#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
543#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
544#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
545#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
546#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
547#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
548#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
549#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
550#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
551#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
552#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
553#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
554#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
555#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
556#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
557#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
558#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
559#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
560#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
561#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
562#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
563#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
564#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
565#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
566#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
567#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
568#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
569#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8)) /* internal use only */
570
571/*
572** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
573**
574** These bit values are intended for use in the
575** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
576** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
577**
578** Only those flags marked as "Ok for sqlite3_open_v2()" may be
579** used as the third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface.
580** The other flags have historically been ignored by sqlite3_open_v2(),
581** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
582** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
583** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
584**
585** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
586** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
587** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
588** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically be a no-op and might become an
589** error in future versions of SQLite.
590*/
591#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
592#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
593#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
594#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
595#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
596#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
597#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
598#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
599#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
600#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
601#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
602#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
603#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
604#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
605#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
606#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
607#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
608#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
609#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
610#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
611#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
612#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE        0x02000000  /* Extended result codes */
613
614/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
615/* Legacy compatibility: */
616#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
617
618
619/*
620** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
621**
622** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
623** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
624** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
625** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
626** refers to.
627**
628** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
629** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
630** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
631** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
632** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
633** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
634** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
635** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
636** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
637** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
638** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
639** file that were written at the application level might have changed
640** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
641** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
642** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
643** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
644** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
645** elevated privileges.
646**
647** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
648** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
649** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
650** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
651*/
652#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
653#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
654#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
655#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
656#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
657#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
658#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
659#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
660#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
661#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
662#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
663#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
664#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
665#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
666#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
667
668/*
669** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
670**
671** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
672** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
673** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from
674** lest restrictive to most restrictive.
675**
676** The argument to xLock() is always SHARED or higher.  The argument to
677** xUnlock is either SHARED or NONE.
678*/
679#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0       /* xUnlock() only */
680#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1       /* xLock() or xUnlock() */
681#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2       /* xLock() only */
682#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3       /* xLock() only */
683#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4       /* xLock() only */
684
685/*
686** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
687**
688** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
689** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
690** these integer values as the second argument.
691**
692** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
693** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
694** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
695** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
696** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
697** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
698**
699** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
700** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
701** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
702** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
703** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
704** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
705** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
706** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
707** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
708** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
709** cares about the difference.)
710*/
711#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
712#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
713#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
714
715/*
716** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
717**
718** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
719** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
720** implementations will
721** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
722** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
723** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
724** I/O operations on the open file.
725*/
726typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
727struct sqlite3_file {
728  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
729};
730
731/*
732** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
733**
734** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
735** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
736** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
737** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
738** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
739**
740** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
741** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
742** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
743** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
744** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
745** to NULL.
746**
747** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
748** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
749** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
750** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
751** and not its inode needs to be synced.
752**
753** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
754** <ul>
755** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
756** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
757** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
758** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
759** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
760** </ul>
761** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
762** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
763** xLock() is always on of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
764** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
765** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
766** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
767*  If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
768** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
769** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
770** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
771** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
772** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
773**
774** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
775** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
776** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
777** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
778** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
779** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
780** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
781** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
782** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
783** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
784** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
785** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
786** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
787** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
788** recognize.
789**
790** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
791** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
792** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
793** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
794** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
795** underlying device:
796**
797** <ul>
798** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
799** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
800** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
801** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
802** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
803** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
804** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
805** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
806** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
807** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
808** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
809** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
810** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
811** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
812** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
813** </ul>
814**
815** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
816** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
817** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
818** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
819** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
820** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
821** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
822** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
823** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
824** to xWrite().
825**
826** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
827** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
828** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
829** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
830** database corruption.
831*/
832typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
833struct sqlite3_io_methods {
834  int iVersion;
835  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
836  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
837  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
838  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
839  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
840  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
841  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
842  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
843  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
844  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
845  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
846  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
847  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
848  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
849  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
850  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
851  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
852  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
853  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
854  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
855  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
856  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
857};
858
859/*
860** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
861** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
862**
863** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
864** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
865** interface.
866**
867** <ul>
868** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
869** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
870** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
871** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
872** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
873** into an integer that the pArg argument points to.
874** This capability is only available if SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG].
875**
876** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
877** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
878** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
879** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
880** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
881** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
882** file run faster.
883**
884** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
885** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
886** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
887** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
888** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
889** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
890** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
891** pointed to is set to the new limit.
892**
893** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
894** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
895** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
896** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
897** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
898** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
899** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
900** improve performance on some systems.
901**
902** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
903** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
904** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
905** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
906**
907** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
908** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
909** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
910** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
911** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
912**
913** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
914** No longer in use.
915**
916** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
917** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
918** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
919** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
920** because the user has configured SQLite with
921** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
922** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
923** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
924** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
925** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
926** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
927** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
928** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
929**
930** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
931** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
932** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
933** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
934** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
935** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
936** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
937**
938** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
939** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
940** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
941** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
942** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
943** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
944** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
945** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
946** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
947** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
948** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
949** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
950** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
951** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
952** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
953** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
954**
955** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
956** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
957** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
958** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
959** files used for transaction control
960** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
961** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
962** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
963** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
964** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
965** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
966** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
967** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
968** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
969** WAL persistence setting.
970**
971** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
972** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
973** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
974** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
975** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
976** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
977** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
978** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
979** zero-damage mode setting.
980**
981** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
982** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
983** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
984** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
985** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
986**
987** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
988** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
989** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
990** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
991** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
992** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
993** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
994** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
995** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
996** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
997** is intended for diagnostic use only.
998**
999** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
1000** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
1001** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
1002** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
1003** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
1004** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
1005** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
1006** upper-most shim only.
1007**
1008** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
1009** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1010** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
1011** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
1012** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
1013** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
1014** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
1015** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
1016** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
1017** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
1018** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
1019** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
1020** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
1021** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1022** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
1023** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
1024** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
1025** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
1026** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
1027** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
1028** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
1029** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1030** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
1031** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
1032**
1033** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
1034** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
1035** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
1036** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
1037** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
1038** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
1039** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
1040** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
1041** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
1042** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
1043** current operation.
1044**
1045** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
1046** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
1047** to have SQLite generate a
1048** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1049** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1050** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1051** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1052** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1053**
1054** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1055** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1056** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1057** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1058** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1059** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1060** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1061** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1062** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1063**
1064** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1065** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1066** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1067** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1068** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1069** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1070** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1071**
1072** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1073** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1074** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1075** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1076** was first opened.
1077**
1078** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1079** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1080** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1081** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1082** writes the resulting value there.
1083**
1084** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1085** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1086** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1087** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1088** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1089**
1090** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1091** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1092** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1093** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1094** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1095** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1096**
1097** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1098** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1099** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1100**
1101** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1102** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1103** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1104** this opcode.
1105**
1106** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1107** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1108** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1109** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1110** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1111** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1112** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1113** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1114** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1115** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1116** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1117** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1118**
1119** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1120** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1121** operations since the previous successful call to
1122** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1123** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1124** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1125** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1126** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1127** write operations are independent.
1128** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1129** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1130**
1131** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1132** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1133** operations since the previous successful call to
1134** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1135** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1136** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1137** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1138** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1139**
1140** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1141** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1142** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1143** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1144** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1145** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1146** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1147**
1148** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1149** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1150** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1151** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1152** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1153** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1154** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1155** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1156** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1157** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1158** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1159** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1160** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1161** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1162** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1163** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1164** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1165** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1166** a particular attached database.
1167**
1168** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1169** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1170** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1171** file to the database file.
1172**
1173** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1174** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1175** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1176** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1177** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1178** </ul>
1179**
1180** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
1181** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
1182** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
1183** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix.The
1184** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
1185** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
1186** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
1187** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
1188** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
1189** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
1190** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
1191** </ul>
1192**
1193** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
1194** Used by the cksmvfs VFS module only.
1195** </ul>
1196*/
1197#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1198#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1199#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1200#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1201#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1202#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1203#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1204#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1205#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1206#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1207#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1208#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1209#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1210#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1211#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1212#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1213#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1214#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1215#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1216#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1217#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1218#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1219#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1220#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1221#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1222#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1223#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1224#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1225#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1226#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1227#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1228#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1229#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1230#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1231#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1232#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1233#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1234#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1235#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
1236#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
1237
1238/* deprecated names */
1239#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1240#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1241#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1242
1243
1244/*
1245** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1246**
1247** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1248** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1249** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1250** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1251**
1252** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1253*/
1254typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1255
1256/*
1257** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1258**
1259** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1260** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1261** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1262** on some platforms.
1263*/
1264typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1265
1266/*
1267** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1268**
1269** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1270** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1271** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1272** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1273**
1274** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1275** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1276** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1277** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1278** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1279** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1280** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1281** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1282** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1283** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1284** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1285** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1286**
1287** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1288** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1289** a pathname in this VFS.
1290**
1291** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1292** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1293** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1294** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1295** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1296** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1297**
1298** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1299** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1300** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1301** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1302** object once the object has been registered.
1303**
1304** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1305** be unique across all VFS modules.
1306**
1307** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1308** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1309** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1310** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1311** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1312** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1313** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1314** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1315** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1316** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1317** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1318** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1319** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1320** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1321** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1322** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1323**
1324** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1325** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1326** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1327** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1328** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1329** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1330**
1331** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1332** call, depending on the object being opened:
1333**
1334** <ul>
1335** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1336** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1337** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1338** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1339** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1340** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1341** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1342** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1343** </ul>)^
1344**
1345** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1346** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1347** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1348** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1349** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1350** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1351** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1352** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1353**
1354** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1355**
1356** <ul>
1357** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1358** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1359** </ul>
1360**
1361** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1362** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1363** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1364** databases, and subjournals.
1365**
1366** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1367** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1368** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1369** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1370** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1371** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1372** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1373** for exclusive access.
1374**
1375** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1376** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1377** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1378** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1379** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1380** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1381** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1382** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1383** or failure of the xOpen call.
1384**
1385** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1386** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1387** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1388** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1389** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1390** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1391** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1392** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1393** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1394** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1395** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1396** whether or not the file is accessible.
1397**
1398** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1399** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1400** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1401** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1402** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1403** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1404**
1405** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1406** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1407** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1408** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1409** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1410** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1411** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1412** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1413** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1414** a floating point value.
1415** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1416** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1417** a 24-hour day).
1418** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1419** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1420** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1421** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1422**
1423** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1424** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1425** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1426** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1427** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1428** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1429** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1430** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1431** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1432** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1433** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1434*/
1435typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1436typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1437struct sqlite3_vfs {
1438  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1439  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1440  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1441  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1442  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1443  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1444  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1445               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1446  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1447  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1448  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1449  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1450  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1451  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1452  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1453  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1454  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1455  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1456  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1457  /*
1458  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1459  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1460  */
1461  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1462  /*
1463  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1464  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1465  */
1466  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1467  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1468  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1469  /*
1470  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1471  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1472  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1473  */
1474};
1475
1476/*
1477** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1478**
1479** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1480** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1481** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1482** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1483** simply checks whether the file exists.
1484** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1485** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1486** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1487** the directory).
1488** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1489** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1490** release of SQLite.
1491** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1492** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1493** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1494** SQLite.
1495*/
1496#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1497#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1498#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1499
1500/*
1501** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1502**
1503** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1504** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1505** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1506** xShmLock method:
1507**
1508** <ul>
1509** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1510** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1511** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1512** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1513** </ul>
1514**
1515** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1516** was given on the corresponding lock.
1517**
1518** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1519** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1520** and EXCLUSIVE.
1521*/
1522#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1523#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1524#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1525#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1526
1527/*
1528** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1529**
1530** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1531** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1532** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1533** lock outside of this range
1534*/
1535#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1536
1537
1538/*
1539** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1540**
1541** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1542** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1543** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1544** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1545** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1546** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1547**
1548** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1549** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1550** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1551** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1552** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1553** are harmless no-ops.)^
1554**
1555** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1556** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1557** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1558** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1559**
1560** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1561** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1562** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1563** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1564** sqlite3_shutdown().
1565**
1566** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1567** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1568** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1569**
1570** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1571** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1572** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1573** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1574**
1575** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1576** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1577** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1578** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1579** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1580** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1581** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1582** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1583** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1584** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1585** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1586** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1587** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1588** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1589**
1590** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1591** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1592** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1593** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1594** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1595** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1596** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1597**
1598** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1599** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1600** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1601** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1602** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1603** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1604** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1605** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1606** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1607** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1608** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1609** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1610** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1611** failure.
1612*/
1613int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1614int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1615int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1616int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1617
1618/*
1619** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1620**
1621** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1622** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1623** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1624** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1625** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1626**
1627** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1628** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1629** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1630**
1631** The sqlite3_config() interface
1632** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1633** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1634** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1635** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1636** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1637** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1638**
1639** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1640** [configuration option] that determines
1641** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1642** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1643** in the first argument.
1644**
1645** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1646** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1647** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1648*/
1649int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1650
1651/*
1652** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1653** METHOD: sqlite3
1654**
1655** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1656** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1657** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1658** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1659**
1660** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1661** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1662** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1663** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1664**
1665** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1666** the call is considered successful.
1667*/
1668int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1669
1670/*
1671** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1672**
1673** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1674** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1675**
1676** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1677** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1678** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1679** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1680** By creating an instance of this object
1681** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1682** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1683** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1684** dynamic memory needs.
1685**
1686** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1687** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1688** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1689** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1690** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1691** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1692** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1693** conditions.
1694**
1695** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1696** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1697** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1698** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1699**
1700** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1701** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1702** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1703**
1704** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1705** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1706** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1707** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1708** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1709** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1710** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1711**
1712** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1713** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1714** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1715** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1716** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1717** xInit and xShutdown.
1718**
1719** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1720** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1721** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1722** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1723** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1724** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1725** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1726** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1727** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1728** serialization.
1729**
1730** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1731** call to xShutdown().
1732*/
1733typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1734struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1735  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1736  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1737  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1738  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1739  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1740  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1741  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1742  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1743};
1744
1745/*
1746** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1747** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1748**
1749** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1750** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1751**
1752** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1753** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1754** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1755** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1756** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1757** is invoked.
1758**
1759** <dl>
1760** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1761** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1762** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1763** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1764** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1765** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1766** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1767** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1768** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1769** configuration option.</dd>
1770**
1771** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1772** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1773** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1774** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1775** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1776** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1777** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1778** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1779** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1780** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1781** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1782** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1783** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1784**
1785** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1786** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1787** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1788** all mutexes including the recursive
1789** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1790** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1791** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1792** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1793** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1794** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1795** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1796** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1797** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1798** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1799** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1800**
1801** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1802** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1803** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1804** The argument specifies
1805** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1806** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1807** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1808** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1809**
1810** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1811** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1812** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1813** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1814** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1815** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1816** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1817** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1818**
1819** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1820** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1821** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1822** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1823** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1824** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1825** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1826** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1827** </dd>
1828**
1829** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1830** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1831** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1832** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1833** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1834**   <ul>
1835**   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1836**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1837**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1838**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1839**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1840**   </ul>)^
1841** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1842** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1843** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1844** </dd>
1845**
1846** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1847** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1848** </dd>
1849**
1850** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1851** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1852** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1853** cache implementation.
1854** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1855** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1856** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1857** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1858** and the number of cache lines (N).
1859** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1860** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1861** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1862** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1863** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1864** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1865** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1866** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1867** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1868** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1869** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1870** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1871** is exhausted.
1872** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1873** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1874** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1875** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1876** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1877** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1878** additional cache line. </dd>
1879**
1880** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1881** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1882** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1883** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1884** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1885** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1886** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1887** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1888** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1889** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1890** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1891** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1892** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1893** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1894** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1895** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1896** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1897** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1898** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1899**
1900** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1901** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1902** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1903** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1904** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1905** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1906** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1907** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1908** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1909** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1910** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1911**
1912** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1913** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1914** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1915** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1916** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1917** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1918** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1919** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1920** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1921** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1922** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1923** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1924**
1925** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1926** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1927** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1928** The first argument is the
1929** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1930** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1931** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1932** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1933** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1934**
1935** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1936** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1937** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1938** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1939** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1940**
1941** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1942** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1943** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1944** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1945**
1946** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1947** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1948** global [error log].
1949** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1950** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1951** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1952** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1953** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1954** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1955** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1956** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1957** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1958** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1959** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1960** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1961** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1962** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1963** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1964** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1965**
1966** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1967** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1968** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1969** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1970** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1971** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1972** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1973** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1974** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1975** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1976** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1977** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1978** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1979**
1980** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1981** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1982** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1983** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1984** ^The default setting is determined
1985** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1986** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1987** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1988** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1989** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1990** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1991** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1992**
1993** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1994** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1995** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1996** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1997** </dd>
1998**
1999** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
2000** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
2001** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
2002** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
2003** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
2004** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
2005** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
2006** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
2007** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
2008** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
2009** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
2010** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
2011** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
2012** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
2013** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
2014** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
2015**
2016** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
2017** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
2018** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
2019** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
2020** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
2021** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
2022** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
2023** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
2024** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
2025** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
2026** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
2027** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
2028** changed to its compile-time default.
2029**
2030** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
2031** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
2032** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
2033** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
2034** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
2035** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
2036**
2037** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
2038** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
2039** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
2040** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
2041** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
2042** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
2043** target platform, and SQLite version.
2044**
2045** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
2046** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
2047** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
2048** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
2049** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
2050** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
2051** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
2052** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
2053** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
2054** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
2055**
2056** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
2057** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
2058** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
2059** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
2060** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
2061** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
2062** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
2063** exclusively in memory.
2064** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
2065** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
2066** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2067** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2068** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2069**
2070** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2071** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2072** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2073** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2074** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2075** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2076** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2077** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2078** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2079** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2080** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2081** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2082** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
2083** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2084** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2085**
2086** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2087** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2088** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2089** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2090** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2091** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2092** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2093** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2094** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2095** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2096** </dl>
2097*/
2098#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2099#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2100#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2101#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2102#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2103#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2104#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2105#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2106#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2107#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2108#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2109/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2110#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2111#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2112#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2113#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2114#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2115#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2116#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2117#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2118#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2119#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2120#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2121#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2122#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2123#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2124#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2125#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2126#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2127
2128/*
2129** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2130**
2131** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2132** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2133**
2134** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2135** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2136** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2137** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2138** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2139** is invoked.
2140**
2141** <dl>
2142** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2143** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2144** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2145** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2146** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2147** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2148** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2149** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2150** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2151** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2152** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2153** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2154** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2155** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2156** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2157** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2158** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2159** when the "current value" returned by
2160** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2161** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2162** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2163** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2164**
2165** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2166** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2167** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2168** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2169** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2170** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2171** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2172** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2173** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2174** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2175**
2176** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2177** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2178** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2179** There should be two additional arguments.
2180** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2181** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2182** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2183** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2184** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2185** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2186**
2187** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2188** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2189** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2190** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2191** databases.)^ </dd>
2192**
2193** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2194** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2195** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2196** There should be two additional arguments.
2197** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2198** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2199** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2200** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2201** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2202** which case the view setting is not reported back.
2203**
2204** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
2205** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
2206** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2207** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2208** databases.)^ </dd>
2209**
2210** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2211** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2212** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2213** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2214** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2215** There should be two additional arguments.
2216** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2217** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2218** unchanged.
2219** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2220** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2221** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2222** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2223**
2224** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2225** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2226** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2227** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2228** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2229** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2230** There should be two additional arguments.
2231** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2232** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2233** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2234** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2235** C-API or the SQL function.
2236** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2237** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2238** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2239** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2240** </dd>
2241**
2242** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2243** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2244** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2245** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2246** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2247** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2248** until after the database connection closes.
2249** </dd>
2250**
2251** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2252** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2253** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2254** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2255** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2256** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2257** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2258** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2259** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2260** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2261** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2262** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2263** </dd>
2264**
2265** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2266** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2267** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2268** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2269** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2270** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2271** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2272** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2273** was used during testing in the lab.
2274** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2275** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2276** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2277** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2278** following this call.
2279** </dd>
2280**
2281** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2282** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2283** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2284** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2285** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2286** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2287** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2288** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2289** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2290** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2291** </dd>
2292**
2293** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2294** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2295** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2296** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2297** a badly corrupted database file:
2298** <ol>
2299** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2300**      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2301**      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2302**      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2303**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2304**      the reset.
2305** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2306** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2307** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2308** </ol>
2309** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2310** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2311** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2312**
2313** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2314** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2315** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2316** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2317** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2318** features include but are not limited to the following:
2319** <ul>
2320** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2321** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2322** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2323** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2324** </ul>
2325** </dd>
2326**
2327** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2328** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2329** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2330** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2331** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2332** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2333** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2334** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2335** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2336** </dd>
2337**
2338** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2339** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2340** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2341** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2342** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2343** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2344** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2345** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2346** </dd>
2347**
2348** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2349** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2350** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2351** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2352** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2353** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2354** compile-time option.
2355** </dd>
2356**
2357** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2358** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2359** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2360** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2361** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2362** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2363** compile-time option.
2364** </dd>
2365**
2366** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2367** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
2368** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2369** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2370** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2371** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2372** including:
2373** <ul>
2374** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2375** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2376** partial indexes, or generated columns
2377** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2378** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2379** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2380** </ul>
2381** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2382** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2383** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2384** </dd>
2385**
2386** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2387** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2388** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2389** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2390** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2391** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2392** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2393** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2394** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2395** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2396** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2397** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2398** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2399** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2400** 3.0.0.
2401** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2402** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2403** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2404** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2405** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2406** </dd>
2407** </dl>
2408*/
2409#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2410#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2411#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2412#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2413#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2414#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2415#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2416#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2417#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2418#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2419#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2420#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2421#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2422#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2423#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2424#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2425#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2426#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2427#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2428
2429/*
2430** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2431** METHOD: sqlite3
2432**
2433** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2434** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2435** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2436*/
2437int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2438
2439/*
2440** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2441** METHOD: sqlite3
2442**
2443** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2444** has a unique 64-bit signed
2445** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2446** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2447** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2448** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2449** is another alias for the rowid.
2450**
2451** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2452** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2453** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2454** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2455** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2456** zero.
2457**
2458** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2459** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2460** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2461**
2462** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2463** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2464** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2465** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2466** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2467** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2468** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2469** control to the user.
2470**
2471** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2472** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2473** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2474** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2475**
2476** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2477** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2478** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2479** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2480** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2481** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2482** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2483** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2484** the return value of this interface.)^
2485**
2486** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2487** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2488**
2489** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2490** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2491**
2492** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2493** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2494** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2495** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2496** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2497** last insert [rowid].
2498*/
2499sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2500
2501/*
2502** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2503** METHOD: sqlite3
2504**
2505** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2506** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2507** without inserting a row into the database.
2508*/
2509void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2510
2511/*
2512** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2513** METHOD: sqlite3
2514**
2515** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
2516** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2517** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2518** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
2519** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE
2520** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2521** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
2522** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
2523**
2524** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2525** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2526** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2527**
2528** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2529** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2530** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2531** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2532** tables are counted.
2533**
2534** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2535** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2536** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2537** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2538**
2539** <ul>
2540**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2541**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2542**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2543**
2544**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2545**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2546**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2547**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2548**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2549** </ul>
2550**
2551** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2552** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2553** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2554** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2555** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2556** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2557**
2558** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2559** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2560** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2561**
2562** See also:
2563** <ul>
2564** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2565** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2566** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2567** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2568** </ul>
2569*/
2570int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2571sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);
2572
2573/*
2574** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2575** METHOD: sqlite3
2576**
2577** ^These functions return the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2578** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2579** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2580** part of trigger programs. The two functions are identical except for the
2581** type of the return value and that if the number of rows modified by the
2582** connection exceeds the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2583** the return value of sqlite3_total_changes() is undefined. ^Executing
2584** any other type of SQL statement does not affect the value returned by
2585** sqlite3_total_changes().
2586**
2587** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2588** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2589** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2590** are not counted.
2591**
2592** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2593** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2594** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2595** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2596** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2597** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2598**
2599** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2600** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2601** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2602**
2603** See also:
2604** <ul>
2605** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2606** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2607** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2608** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2609** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2610** </ul>
2611*/
2612int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2613sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_total_changes64(sqlite3*);
2614
2615/*
2616** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2617** METHOD: sqlite3
2618**
2619** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2620** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2621** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2622** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2623** immediately.
2624**
2625** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2626** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2627** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2628** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2629**
2630** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2631** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2632** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2633**
2634** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2635** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2636** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2637** will be rolled back automatically.
2638**
2639** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2640** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2641** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2642** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2643** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2644** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2645** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2646** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2647** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2648** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2649*/
2650void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2651
2652/*
2653** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2654**
2655** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2656** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2657** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2658** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2659** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2660** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2661** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2662** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2663** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2664** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2665** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2666**
2667** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2668** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2669**
2670** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2671** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2672**
2673** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2674** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2675** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2676** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2677** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2678**
2679** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2680** UTF-8 string.
2681**
2682** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2683** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2684*/
2685int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2686int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2687
2688/*
2689** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2690** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2691** METHOD: sqlite3
2692**
2693** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2694** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2695** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2696** [database connection] D when another thread
2697** or process has the table locked.
2698** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2699** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2700**
2701** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2702** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2703** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2704**
2705** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2706** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2707** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2708** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2709** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2710** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2711** to the application.
2712** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2713** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2714**
2715** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2716** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2717** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2718** to the application instead of invoking the
2719** busy handler.
2720** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2721** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2722** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2723** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2724** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2725** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2726** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2727** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2728** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2729** the second process to proceed.
2730**
2731** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2732**
2733** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2734** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2735** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2736** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2737** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2738**
2739** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2740** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2741** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2742** result in undefined behavior.
2743**
2744** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2745** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2746*/
2747int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2748
2749/*
2750** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2751** METHOD: sqlite3
2752**
2753** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2754** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2755** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2756** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2757** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2758** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2759**
2760** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2761** turns off all busy handlers.
2762**
2763** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2764** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2765** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2766** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2767**
2768** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2769*/
2770int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2771
2772/*
2773** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2774** METHOD: sqlite3
2775**
2776** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2777** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2778**
2779** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2780** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2781** complete query results from one or more queries.
2782**
2783** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2784** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2785** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2786** and M be the number of columns.
2787**
2788** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2789** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2790** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2791** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2792** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2793** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2794**
2795** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2796** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2797** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2798**
2799** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2800** is as follows:
2801**
2802** <blockquote><pre>
2803**        Name        | Age
2804**        -----------------------
2805**        Alice       | 43
2806**        Bob         | 28
2807**        Cindy       | 21
2808** </pre></blockquote>
2809**
2810** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2811** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2812** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2813**
2814** <blockquote><pre>
2815**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2816**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2817**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2818**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2819**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2820**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2821**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2822**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2823** </pre></blockquote>)^
2824**
2825** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2826** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2827** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2828** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2829**
2830** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2831** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2832** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2833** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2834** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2835** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2836**
2837** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2838** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2839** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2840** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2841** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2842** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2843** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2844*/
2845int sqlite3_get_table(
2846  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2847  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2848  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2849  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2850  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2851  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2852);
2853void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2854
2855/*
2856** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2857**
2858** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2859** from the standard C library.
2860** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2861** the standard library printf()
2862** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2863** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2864**
2865** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2866** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2867** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2868** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2869** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2870** memory to hold the resulting string.
2871**
2872** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2873** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2874** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2875** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2876** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2877** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2878** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2879** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2880** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2881** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2882** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2883** now without breaking compatibility.
2884**
2885** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2886** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2887** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2888** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2889** written will be n-1 characters.
2890**
2891** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2892**
2893** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2894*/
2895char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2896char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2897char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2898char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2899
2900/*
2901** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2902**
2903** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2904** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2905** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
2906** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2907**
2908** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2909** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2910** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2911** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2912** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2913** a NULL pointer.
2914**
2915** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2916** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2917** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2918**
2919** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2920** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2921** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2922** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2923** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2924** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2925** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2926** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2927** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2928** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2929**
2930** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2931** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2932** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2933** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2934** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2935** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2936** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2937** sqlite3_free(X).
2938** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2939** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2940** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2941** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2942** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2943** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2944** prior allocation is not freed.
2945**
2946** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2947** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2948** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2949**
2950** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2951** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2952** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2953** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2954** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2955** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2956** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2957** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2958** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2959**
2960** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2961** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2962** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2963** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2964** option is used.
2965**
2966** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2967** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2968** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2969** not yet been released.
2970**
2971** The application must not read or write any part of
2972** a block of memory after it has been released using
2973** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2974*/
2975void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2976void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2977void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2978void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2979void sqlite3_free(void*);
2980sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2981
2982/*
2983** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2984**
2985** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2986** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2987** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2988**
2989** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2990** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2991** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2992** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2993** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2994** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2995** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2996** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2997** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2998**
2999** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
3000** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
3001** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
3002** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
3003** prior to the reset.
3004*/
3005sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
3006sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
3007
3008/*
3009** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
3010**
3011** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
3012** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
3013** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
3014** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
3015** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
3016**
3017** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
3018** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
3019**
3020** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
3021** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
3022** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
3023** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
3024** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
3025** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
3026** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
3027** method.
3028*/
3029void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
3030
3031/*
3032** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
3033** METHOD: sqlite3
3034** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
3035**
3036** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
3037** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
3038** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
3039** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
3040** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
3041** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
3042** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
3043** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
3044** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
3045** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
3046** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
3047** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
3048** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
3049** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
3050** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
3051** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
3052**
3053** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
3054** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
3055** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
3056** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
3057** access is denied.
3058**
3059** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
3060** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
3061** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
3062** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
3063** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
3064** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
3065** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
3066** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
3067**
3068** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
3069** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
3070** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
3071** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
3072** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
3073** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
3074** columns of a table.
3075** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
3076** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
3077** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
3078** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
3079** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
3080** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
3081** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3082**
3083** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3084** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3085** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3086** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3087** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3088** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3089** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3090** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3091** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3092** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3093**
3094** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3095** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3096** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3097** in addition to using an authorizer.
3098**
3099** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3100** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3101** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3102** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3103**
3104** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3105** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3106** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3107** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3108**
3109** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3110** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3111** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3112** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3113**
3114** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3115** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3116** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3117** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3118** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3119*/
3120int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3121  sqlite3*,
3122  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3123  void *pUserData
3124);
3125
3126/*
3127** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3128**
3129** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3130** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3131** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3132** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3133** information.
3134**
3135** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3136** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3137*/
3138#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3139#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3140
3141/*
3142** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3143**
3144** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3145** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3146** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3147** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3148** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3149**
3150** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3151** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3152** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3153** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3154** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3155** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3156** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3157** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3158** top-level SQL code.
3159*/
3160/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3161#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3162#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3163#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3164#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3165#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3166#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3167#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3168#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3169#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3170#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3171#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3172#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3173#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3174#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3175#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3176#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3177#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3178#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3179#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3180#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3181#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3182#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3183#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3184#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3185#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3186#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3187#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3188#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3189#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3190#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3191#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3192#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3193#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3194#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3195
3196/*
3197** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3198** METHOD: sqlite3
3199**
3200** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3201** instead of the routines described here.
3202**
3203** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3204** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3205**
3206** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3207** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3208** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3209** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3210** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3211** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3212** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3213**
3214** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3215** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3216**
3217** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3218** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3219** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3220** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3221** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3222** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3223** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3224** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3225** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3226** profile callback.
3227*/
3228SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3229   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3230SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3231   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3232
3233/*
3234** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3235** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3236**
3237** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3238** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3239** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3240** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3241** is one of the following constants.
3242**
3243** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3244**
3245** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3246** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3247** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3248** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3249** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3250**
3251** <dl>
3252** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3253** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3254** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3255** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3256** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3257** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3258** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3259** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3260** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3261** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3262** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3263**
3264** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3265** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3266** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3267** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3268** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3269** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3270** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3271**
3272** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3273** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3274** statement generates a single row of result.
3275** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3276** X argument is unused.
3277**
3278** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3279** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3280** connection closes.
3281** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3282** and the X argument is unused.
3283** </dl>
3284*/
3285#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3286#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3287#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3288#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3289
3290/*
3291** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3292** METHOD: sqlite3
3293**
3294** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3295** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3296** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3297** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3298** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3299** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3300**
3301** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3302** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3303**
3304** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3305** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3306** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3307** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3308**
3309** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3310** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3311** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3312** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3313** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3314**
3315** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3316** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3317** are deprecated.
3318*/
3319int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3320  sqlite3*,
3321  unsigned uMask,
3322  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3323  void *pCtx
3324);
3325
3326/*
3327** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3328** METHOD: sqlite3
3329**
3330** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3331** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3332** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3333** database connection D.  An example use for this
3334** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3335**
3336** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3337** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3338** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3339** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3340** handler is disabled.
3341**
3342** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3343** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3344** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3345** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3346** than 1.
3347**
3348** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3349** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3350** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3351**
3352** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3353** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3354** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3355** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3356**
3357*/
3358void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3359
3360/*
3361** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3362** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3363**
3364** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3365** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3366** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3367** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3368** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3369** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3370** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3371** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3372** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3373** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3374** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3375** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3376**
3377** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3378** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3379** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3380**
3381** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3382** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3383** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3384**
3385** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3386** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3387** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3388** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3389** three flag combinations:)^
3390**
3391** <dl>
3392** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3393** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3394** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3395**
3396** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3397** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3398** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3399** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3400**
3401** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3402** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3403** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3404** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3405** </dl>
3406**
3407** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3408** also supported:
3409**
3410** <dl>
3411** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3412** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3413**
3414** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3415** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3416** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3417** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3418** </dd>)^
3419**
3420** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3421** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3422** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3423** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3424** a different [database connection].
3425**
3426** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3427** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3428** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3429** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3430** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3431** there is no harm in trying.)
3432**
3433** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3434** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3435** the default shared cache setting provided by
3436** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3437** The [use of shared cache mode is discouraged] and hence shared cache
3438** capabilities may be omitted from many builds of SQLite.  In such cases,
3439** this option is a no-op.
3440**
3441** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3442** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3443** the default shared cache setting provided by
3444** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3445**
3446** [[OPEN_EXRESCODE]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE]</dt>
3447** <dd>The database connection comes up in "extended result code mode".
3448** In other words, the database behaves has if
3449** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(db,1)] where called on the database
3450** connection as soon as the connection is created. In addition to setting
3451** the extended result code mode, this flag also causes [sqlite3_open_v2()]
3452** to return an extended result code.</dd>
3453**
3454** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3455** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to contain a symbolic link</dd>
3456** </dl>)^
3457**
3458** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3459** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3460** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3461** then the behavior is undefined.  Historic versions of SQLite
3462** have silently ignored surplus bits in the flags parameter to
3463** sqlite3_open_v2(), however that behavior might not be carried through
3464** into future versions of SQLite and so applications should not rely
3465** upon it.  Note in particular that the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag is a no-op
3466** for sqlite3_open_v2().  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE does *not* cause
3467** the open to fail if the database already exists.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
3468** flag is intended for use by the [sqlite3_vfs|VFS interface] only, and not
3469** by sqlite3_open_v2().
3470**
3471** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3472** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3473** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3474** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3475**
3476** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3477** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3478** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3479** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3480** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3481** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3482** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3483**
3484** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3485** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3486** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3487**
3488** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3489**
3490** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3491** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3492** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3493** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3494** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3495** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3496** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3497** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3498** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3499** information.
3500**
3501** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3502** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3503** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3504** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3505** present, is ignored.
3506**
3507** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3508** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3509** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3510** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3511** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3512** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3513** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3514**
3515** [[core URI query parameters]]
3516** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3517** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3518** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3519** following query parameters:
3520**
3521** <ul>
3522**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3523**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3524**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3525**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3526**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3527**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3528**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3529**
3530**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3531**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3532**     an error)^.
3533**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3534**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3535**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3536**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3537**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3538**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3539**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3540**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3541**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3542**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3543**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3544**
3545**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3546**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3547**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3548**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3549**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3550**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3551**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3552**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3553**
3554**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3555**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3556**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3557**
3558**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3559**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3560**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3561**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3562**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3563**     processes uses nolock=1.
3564**
3565**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3566**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3567**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3568**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3569**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3570**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3571**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3572**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3573**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3574**
3575** </ul>
3576**
3577** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3578** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3579** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3580** additional information.
3581**
3582** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3583**
3584** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3585** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3586** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3587**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3588** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3589**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3590**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3591**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3592** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3593**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3594** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3595**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3596**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3597**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3598**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3599**          in URI filenames.
3600** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3601**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3602**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3603**          default, use a private cache.
3604** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3605**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3606**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3607** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3608**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3609**          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3610** </table>
3611**
3612** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3613** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3614** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3615** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3616** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3617** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3618** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3619** the results are undefined.
3620**
3621** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3622** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3623** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3624** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3625** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3626**
3627** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3628** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3629** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3630**
3631** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3632*/
3633int sqlite3_open(
3634  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3635  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3636);
3637int sqlite3_open16(
3638  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3639  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3640);
3641int sqlite3_open_v2(
3642  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3643  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3644  int flags,              /* Flags */
3645  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3646);
3647
3648/*
3649** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3650**
3651** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3652** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3653** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3654**
3655** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3656** as F) must be one of:
3657** <ul>
3658** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3659** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
3660** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3661** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3662** </ul>
3663** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3664** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3665** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3666**
3667** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3668** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3669** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3670** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3671** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3672** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3673** a pointer to an empty string.
3674**
3675** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3676** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3677** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3678** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3679** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3680** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3681** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3682** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3683** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3684** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3685**
3686** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3687** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3688** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3689** zero is returned.
3690**
3691** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3692** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3693** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3694** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
3695** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
3696** so forth.
3697**
3698** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3699** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3700** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
3701** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
3702** and probably undesirable.
3703**
3704** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
3705** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
3706** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
3707** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
3708** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
3709** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
3710** main database file.
3711**
3712** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3713*/
3714const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3715int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3716sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3717const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N);
3718
3719/*
3720** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
3721**
3722** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
3723** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
3724** and the WAL file.
3725**
3726** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3727** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
3728** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
3729**
3730** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3731** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
3732** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
3733** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
3734**
3735** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3736** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
3737** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
3738** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
3739** WAL file.
3740**
3741** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
3742** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
3743** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
3744** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
3745*/
3746const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char*);
3747const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char*);
3748const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char*);
3749
3750/*
3751** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
3752**
3753** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
3754** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
3755** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
3756** object that represents the main database file.
3757**
3758** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
3759** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
3760** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
3761** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
3762** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
3763** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
3764** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
3765** behavior.
3766*/
3767sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
3768
3769/*
3770** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
3771**
3772** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
3773** are not useful outside of that context.
3774**
3775** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
3776** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
3777** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
3778** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
3779** is safe to pass to routines like:
3780** <ul>
3781** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
3782** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
3783** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
3784** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
3785** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
3786** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
3787** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
3788** </ul>
3789** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
3790** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
3791** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3792**
3793** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
3794** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
3795** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
3796** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
3797** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
3798** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
3799** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
3800**
3801** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
3802** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
3803** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3804**
3805** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
3806** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
3807** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
3808** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
3809** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
3810** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
3811** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
3812** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3813*/
3814char *sqlite3_create_filename(
3815  const char *zDatabase,
3816  const char *zJournal,
3817  const char *zWal,
3818  int nParam,
3819  const char **azParam
3820);
3821void sqlite3_free_filename(char*);
3822
3823/*
3824** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3825** METHOD: sqlite3
3826**
3827** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3828** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3829** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3830** API call.
3831** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3832** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3833** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3834** disabled.
3835**
3836** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3837** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3838** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3839** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3840** interfaces include the following:
3841**
3842** <ul>
3843** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3844** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3845** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3846** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3847** <li> sqlite3_error_offset()
3848** </ul>
3849**
3850** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3851** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3852** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3853** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3854** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3855** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3856**
3857** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3858** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3859** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3860** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3861**
3862** ^If the most recent error references a specific token in the input
3863** SQL, the sqlite3_error_offset() interface returns the byte offset
3864** of the start of that token.  ^The byte offset returned by
3865** sqlite3_error_offset() assumes that the input SQL is UTF8.
3866** ^If the most recent error does not reference a specific token in the input
3867** SQL, then the sqlite3_error_offset() function returns -1.
3868**
3869** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3870** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3871** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3872** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3873** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3874** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3875** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3876** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3877** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3878**
3879** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3880** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3881** error code and message may or may not be set.
3882*/
3883int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3884int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3885const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3886const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3887const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3888int sqlite3_error_offset(sqlite3 *db);
3889
3890/*
3891** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3892** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3893**
3894** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3895** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3896**
3897** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3898** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3899** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3900** prepared statement before it can be run.
3901**
3902** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3903**
3904** <ol>
3905** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3906** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3907**      interfaces.
3908** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3909** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3910**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3911** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3912** </ol>
3913*/
3914typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3915
3916/*
3917** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3918** METHOD: sqlite3
3919**
3920** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3921** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3922** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3923** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3924** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3925** new limit for that construct.)^
3926**
3927** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3928** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3929** [limits | hard upper bound]
3930** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3931** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3932** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3933** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3934** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3935**
3936** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3937** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3938** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3939** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3940**
3941** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3942** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3943** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3944** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3945** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3946** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3947** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3948** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3949** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3950** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3951** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3952** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3953**
3954** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3955*/
3956int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3957
3958/*
3959** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3960** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3961**
3962** These constants define various performance limits
3963** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3964** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3965** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3966**
3967** <dl>
3968** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3969** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3970**
3971** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3972** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3973**
3974** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3975** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3976** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3977** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3978**
3979** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3980** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3981**
3982** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3983** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3984**
3985** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3986** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3987** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3988** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3989** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3990**
3991** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3992** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3993**
3994** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3995** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3996**
3997** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3998** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3999** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
4000** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
4001**
4002** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
4003** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
4004** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
4005**
4006** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
4007** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
4008**
4009** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
4010** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
4011** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
4012** </dl>
4013*/
4014#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
4015#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
4016#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
4017#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
4018#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
4019#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
4020#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
4021#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
4022#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
4023#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
4024#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
4025#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
4026
4027/*
4028** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
4029**
4030** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
4031** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
4032** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
4033**
4034** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
4035**
4036** <dl>
4037** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
4038** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
4039** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
4040** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
4041** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
4042** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
4043** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
4044** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
4045** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
4046** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
4047**
4048** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
4049** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
4050** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
4051** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
4052** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
4053** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
4054** flag.
4055**
4056** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
4057** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
4058** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
4059** any virtual tables.
4060** </dl>
4061*/
4062#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
4063#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
4064#define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
4065
4066/*
4067** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
4068** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
4069** METHOD: sqlite3
4070** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4071**
4072** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
4073** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
4074** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
4075**
4076** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
4077** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
4078** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
4079** for special purposes.
4080**
4081** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
4082** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
4083** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
4084** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
4085**
4086** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
4087** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
4088** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
4089**
4090** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
4091** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
4092** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
4093** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4094** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
4095**
4096** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
4097** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
4098** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
4099** statement is generated.
4100** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
4101** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
4102** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
4103** the nul-terminator.
4104**
4105** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
4106** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
4107** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
4108** what remains uncompiled.
4109**
4110** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4111** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4112** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4113** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4114** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4115** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4116** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4117**
4118** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4119** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4120**
4121** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4122** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4123** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4124** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4125** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4126** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4127** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4128** behave differently in three ways:
4129**
4130** <ol>
4131** <li>
4132** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4133** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4134** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4135** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4136** </li>
4137**
4138** <li>
4139** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4140** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4141** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4142** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4143** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4144** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4145** </li>
4146**
4147** <li>
4148** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4149** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4150** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4151** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4152** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4153** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4154** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4155** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4156** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4157** </li>
4158** </ol>
4159**
4160** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4161** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4162** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4163** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4164** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4165*/
4166int sqlite3_prepare(
4167  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4168  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4169  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4170  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4171  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4172);
4173int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4174  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4175  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4176  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4177  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4178  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4179);
4180int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4181  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4182  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4183  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4184  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4185  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4186  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4187);
4188int sqlite3_prepare16(
4189  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4190  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4191  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4192  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4193  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4194);
4195int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4196  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4197  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4198  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4199  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4200  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4201);
4202int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4203  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4204  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4205  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4206  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4207  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4208  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4209);
4210
4211/*
4212** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4213** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4214**
4215** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4216** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4217** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4218** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4219** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4220** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4221** [bound parameters] expanded.
4222** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4223** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4224** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4225** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4226** placeholders.
4227**
4228** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4229** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4230** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4231** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4232** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4233**
4234** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4235** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4236** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4237**
4238** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4239** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4240** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4241**
4242** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4243** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4244** statement is finalized.
4245** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4246** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be freed by the application
4247** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4248**
4249** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql() interface is only available if
4250** the [SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE] compile-time option is defined.
4251*/
4252const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4253char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4254#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4255const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4256#endif
4257
4258/*
4259** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4260** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4261**
4262** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4263** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4264** the content of the database file.
4265**
4266** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4267** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4268** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4269** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4270** change the database file through side-effects:
4271**
4272** <blockquote><pre>
4273**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4274** </pre></blockquote>
4275**
4276** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4277** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4278**
4279** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4280** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4281** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4282** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4283** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4284** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4285** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4286** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4287** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4288** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4289** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4290** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4291**
4292** ^This routine returns false if there is any possibility that the
4293** statement might change the database file.  ^A false return does
4294** not guarantee that the statement will change the database file.
4295** ^For example, an UPDATE statement might have a WHERE clause that
4296** makes it a no-op, but the sqlite3_stmt_readonly() result would still
4297** be false.  ^Similarly, a CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS statement is a
4298** read-only no-op if the table already exists, but
4299** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() still returns false for such a statement.
4300**
4301** ^If prepared statement X is an [EXPLAIN] or [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
4302** statement, then sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) returns the same value as
4303** if the EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prefix were omitted.
4304*/
4305int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4306
4307/*
4308** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4309** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4310**
4311** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4312** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4313** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4314** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4315** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4316*/
4317int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4318
4319/*
4320** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4321** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4322**
4323** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4324** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4325** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4326** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4327** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4328** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4329** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4330** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4331**
4332** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4333** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4334** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4335** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4336** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4337*/
4338int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4339
4340/*
4341** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4342** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4343**
4344** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4345** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4346** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4347** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4348**
4349** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4350** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4351** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4352** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4353** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4354** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4355** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4356**
4357** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4358** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4359** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4360** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4361** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4362** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4363** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4364** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4365** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4366** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4367** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4368** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4369**
4370** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4371** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4372** ^The sqlite3_value objects returned by [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()]
4373** are protected.
4374** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4375** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4376** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4377** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4378** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4379** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4380** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4381*/
4382typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4383
4384/*
4385** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4386**
4387** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4388** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4389** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4390** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4391** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4392** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4393** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4394** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4395*/
4396typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4397
4398/*
4399** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4400** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4401** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4402** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4403**
4404** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4405** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4406** templates:
4407**
4408** <ul>
4409** <li>  ?
4410** <li>  ?NNN
4411** <li>  :VVV
4412** <li>  @VVV
4413** <li>  $VVV
4414** </ul>
4415**
4416** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4417** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4418** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4419** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4420**
4421** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4422** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4423** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4424**
4425** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4426** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4427** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4428** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4429** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4430** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4431** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4432** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4433** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4434**
4435** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4436** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4437** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4438** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4439** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4440** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4441** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4442** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4443** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4444** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4445** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4446** otherwise.
4447**
4448** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4449** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4450** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4451** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4452** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4453** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4454** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4455** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4456** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4457**
4458** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4459** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4460** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4461** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4462** is negative, then the length of the string is
4463** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4464** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4465** the behavior is undefined.
4466** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4467** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4468** that parameter must be the byte offset
4469** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4470** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
4471** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4472** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4473** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4474**
4475** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
4476** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
4477** These three options exist:
4478** ^ (1) A destructor to dispose of the BLOB or string after SQLite has finished
4479** with it may be passed. ^It is called to dispose of the BLOB or string even
4480** if the call to the bind API fails, except the destructor is not called if
4481** the third parameter is a NULL pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4482** ^ (2) The special constant, [SQLITE_STATIC], may be passsed to indicate that
4483** the application remains responsible for disposing of the object. ^In this
4484** case, the object and the provided pointer to it must remain valid until
4485** either the prepared statement is finalized or the same SQL parameter is
4486** bound to something else, whichever occurs sooner.
4487** ^ (3) The constant, [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], may be passed to indicate that the
4488** object is to be copied prior to the return from sqlite3_bind_*(). ^The
4489** object and pointer to it must remain valid until then. ^SQLite will then
4490** manage the lifetime of its private copy.
4491**
4492** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4493** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4494** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4495** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4496** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4497** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4498** is undefined.
4499**
4500** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4501** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4502** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4503** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4504** content is later written using
4505** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4506** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4507**
4508** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4509** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4510** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4511** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4512** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4513** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4514** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4515** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4516**
4517** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4518** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4519** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4520** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4521** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4522** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4523**
4524** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4525** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4526**
4527** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4528** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4529** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4530** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4531** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4532** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4533** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4534**
4535** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4536** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4537*/
4538int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4539int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4540                        void(*)(void*));
4541int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4542int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4543int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4544int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4545int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4546int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4547int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4548                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4549int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4550int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4551int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4552int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4553
4554/*
4555** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4556** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4557**
4558** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4559** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4560** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4561** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4562** to the parameters at a later time.
4563**
4564** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4565** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4566** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4567** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4568**
4569** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4570** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4571** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4572*/
4573int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4574
4575/*
4576** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4577** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4578**
4579** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4580** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4581** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4582** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4583** respectively.
4584** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4585** is included as part of the name.)^
4586** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4587** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4588**
4589** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4590**
4591** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4592** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4593** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4594** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4595** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4596**
4597** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4598** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4599** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4600*/
4601const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4602
4603/*
4604** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4605** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4606**
4607** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4608** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4609** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4610** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4611** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4612** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4613** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4614**
4615** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4616** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4617** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4618*/
4619int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4620
4621/*
4622** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4623** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4624**
4625** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4626** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4627** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4628*/
4629int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4630
4631/*
4632** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4633** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4634**
4635** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4636** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4637** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4638** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4639** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4640** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4641** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4642**
4643** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4644*/
4645int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4646
4647/*
4648** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4649** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4650**
4651** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4652** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4653** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4654** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4655** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4656** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4657** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4658**
4659** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4660** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4661** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4662** or until the next call to
4663** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4664**
4665** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4666** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4667** NULL pointer is returned.
4668**
4669** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4670** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4671** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4672** one release of SQLite to the next.
4673*/
4674const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4675const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4676
4677/*
4678** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4679** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4680**
4681** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4682** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4683** [SELECT] statement.
4684** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4685** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4686** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4687** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4688** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4689** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4690** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4691** or until the same information is requested
4692** again in a different encoding.
4693**
4694** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4695** database, table, and column.
4696**
4697** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4698** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4699** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4700** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4701**
4702** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4703** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4704** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4705** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4706** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4707**
4708** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4709** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4710**
4711** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4712** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4713**
4714** If two or more threads call one or more
4715** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4716** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4717** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4718*/
4719const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4720const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4721const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4722const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4723const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4724const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4725
4726/*
4727** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4728** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4729**
4730** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4731** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4732** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4733** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4734** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4735** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4736** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4737**
4738** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4739**
4740** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4741**
4742** and the following statement to be compiled:
4743**
4744** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4745**
4746** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4747** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4748**
4749** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4750** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4751** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4752** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4753** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4754** used to hold those values.
4755*/
4756const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4757const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4758
4759/*
4760** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4761** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4762**
4763** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4764** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4765** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4766** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4767** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4768**
4769** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4770** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4771** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4772** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4773** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4774** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4775** interface will continue to be supported.
4776**
4777** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4778** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4779** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4780** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4781**
4782** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4783** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4784** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4785** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4786** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4787** continuing.
4788**
4789** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4790** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4791** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4792** machine back to its initial state.
4793**
4794** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4795** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4796** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4797** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4798**
4799** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4800** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4801** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4802** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4803** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4804** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4805** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4806** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4807**
4808** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4809** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4810** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4811** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4812** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4813** more threads at the same moment in time.
4814**
4815** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4816** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4817** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4818** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4819** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4820** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4821** sqlite3_step() began
4822** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4823** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4824** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4825** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4826** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4827**
4828** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4829** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4830** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4831** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4832** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4833** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4834** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4835** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4836** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4837** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4838** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4839** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4840*/
4841int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4842
4843/*
4844** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4845** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4846**
4847** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4848** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4849** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4850** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4851** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4852** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4853** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4854** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4855** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4856** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4857** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4858** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4859**
4860** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4861*/
4862int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4863
4864/*
4865** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4866** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4867**
4868** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4869**
4870** <ul>
4871** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4872** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4873** <li> string
4874** <li> BLOB
4875** <li> NULL
4876** </ul>)^
4877**
4878** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4879**
4880** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4881** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4882** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4883** SQLITE_TEXT.
4884*/
4885#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4886#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4887#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4888#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4889#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4890# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4891#else
4892# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4893#endif
4894#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4895
4896/*
4897** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4898** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4899** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4900**
4901** <b>Summary:</b>
4902** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4903** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4904** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4905** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4906** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4907** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4908** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4909** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4910** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4911** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4912** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4913** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4914** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4915** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4916** TEXT in bytes
4917** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4918** datatype of the result
4919** </table></blockquote>
4920**
4921** <b>Details:</b>
4922**
4923** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4924** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4925** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4926** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4927** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4928** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4929** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4930** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4931**
4932** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4933** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4934** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4935** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4936** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4937** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4938** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4939** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4940** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4941** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4942** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4943**
4944** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4945** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4946** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4947** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4948** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4949**
4950** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4951** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4952** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4953** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4954** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4955** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4956** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4957** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4958** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4959** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4960** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4961** following a type conversion.
4962**
4963** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4964** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4965** of that BLOB or string.
4966**
4967** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4968** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4969** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4970** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4971** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4972** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4973** the number of bytes in that string.
4974** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4975**
4976** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4977** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4978** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4979** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4980** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4981** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4982** the number of bytes in that string.
4983** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4984**
4985** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4986** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4987** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4988** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4989** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4990**
4991** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4992** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4993** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4994**
4995** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text16() always have the endianness
4996** which is native to the platform, regardless of the text encoding set
4997** for the database.
4998**
4999** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
5000** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
5001** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
5002** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
5003** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
5004** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
5005** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5006** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
5007** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
5008** is normally only useful within the implementation of
5009** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
5010** top-level application code.
5011**
5012** These routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
5013** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
5014** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
5015** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
5016** that are applied:
5017**
5018** <blockquote>
5019** <table border="1">
5020** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
5021**
5022** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
5023** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
5024** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5025** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5026** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
5027** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
5028** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
5029** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5030** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
5031** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
5032** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5033** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5034** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
5035** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5036** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5037** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> [CAST] to TEXT, ensure zero terminator
5038** </table>
5039** </blockquote>)^
5040**
5041** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
5042** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
5043** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
5044** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
5045** in the following cases:
5046**
5047** <ul>
5048** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
5049**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
5050**      need to be added to the string.</li>
5051** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
5052**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
5053**      to UTF-16.</li>
5054** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5055**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
5056**      to UTF-8.</li>
5057** </ul>
5058**
5059** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
5060** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
5061** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
5062** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
5063** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
5064**
5065** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
5066** in one of the following ways:
5067**
5068** <ul>
5069**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5070**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5071**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
5072** </ul>
5073**
5074** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
5075** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
5076** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5077** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
5078** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
5079** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
5080** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
5081**
5082** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
5083** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
5084** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
5085** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
5086** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
5087** [sqlite3_free()].
5088**
5089** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
5090** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5091** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5092** errors:
5093**
5094** <ul>
5095** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
5096** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
5097** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
5098** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
5099** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
5100** </ul>
5101**
5102** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5103** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5104** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5105** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5106** return value is obtained and before any
5107** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5108*/
5109const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5110double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5111int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5112sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5113const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5114const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5115sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5116int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5117int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5118int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5119
5120/*
5121** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
5122** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
5123**
5124** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
5125** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
5126** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
5127** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
5128** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
5129** [extended error code].
5130**
5131** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
5132** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
5133** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
5134** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
5135** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
5136** completed execution.
5137**
5138** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5139**
5140** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5141** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5142** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5143** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5144** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5145*/
5146int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5147
5148/*
5149** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5150** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5151**
5152** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5153** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5154** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5155** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5156** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5157**
5158** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5159** back to the beginning of its program.
5160**
5161** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5162** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
5163** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
5164** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
5165**
5166** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5167** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5168** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5169**
5170** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5171** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5172*/
5173int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5174
5175/*
5176** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5177** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5178** METHOD: sqlite3
5179**
5180** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5181** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5182** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5183** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5184** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5185** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5186** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5187** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5188** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5189**
5190** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5191** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5192** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5193** to each database connection separately.
5194**
5195** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5196** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5197** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5198** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5199** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5200** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5201**
5202** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5203** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5204** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5205** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5206** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5207** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5208** undefined.
5209**
5210** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5211** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5212** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5213** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5214** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5215** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5216** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5217** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5218** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5219** each encoding.
5220** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5221** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5222**
5223** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5224** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5225** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5226** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5227** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5228** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5229** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5230**
5231** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5232** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5233** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5234** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5235**
5236** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5237** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5238** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5239** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
5240** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5241** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5242** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5243** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5244** the database file is opened and read.
5245**
5246** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5247** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5248**
5249** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5250** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5251** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5252** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5253** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5254** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5255** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5256** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5257** callbacks.
5258**
5259** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5260** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5261** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5262** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5263** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5264** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5265** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5266** of aggregate window functions are
5267** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5268**
5269** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5270** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
5271** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5272** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5273** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5274** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5275** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5276** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5277**
5278** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5279** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5280** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5281** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5282** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5283** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5284** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5285** matches the database encoding is a better
5286** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5287** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5288** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5289** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5290**
5291** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5292**
5293** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5294** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5295** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5296** statement in which the function is running.
5297*/
5298int sqlite3_create_function(
5299  sqlite3 *db,
5300  const char *zFunctionName,
5301  int nArg,
5302  int eTextRep,
5303  void *pApp,
5304  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5305  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5306  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5307);
5308int sqlite3_create_function16(
5309  sqlite3 *db,
5310  const void *zFunctionName,
5311  int nArg,
5312  int eTextRep,
5313  void *pApp,
5314  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5315  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5316  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5317);
5318int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5319  sqlite3 *db,
5320  const char *zFunctionName,
5321  int nArg,
5322  int eTextRep,
5323  void *pApp,
5324  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5325  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5326  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5327  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5328);
5329int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5330  sqlite3 *db,
5331  const char *zFunctionName,
5332  int nArg,
5333  int eTextRep,
5334  void *pApp,
5335  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5336  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5337  void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5338  void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5339  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5340);
5341
5342/*
5343** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5344**
5345** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5346** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5347*/
5348#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5349#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5350#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5351#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5352#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5353#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5354
5355/*
5356** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5357**
5358** These constants may be ORed together with the
5359** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5360** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5361** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5362**
5363** <dl>
5364** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5365** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5366** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5367** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5368** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5369** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5370** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5371** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5372** out of inner loops.
5373** </dd>
5374**
5375** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5376** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5377** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5378** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5379** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5380** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
5381** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
5382** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
5383** information.
5384** </dd>
5385**
5386** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5387** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5388** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5389** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5390** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5391** innocuous function.
5392** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5393** side effects.
5394** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5395** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5396** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5397** <p>Some heightened security settings
5398** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5399** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5400** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5401** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5402** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5403** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5404** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5405** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5406** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5407** </dd>
5408**
5409** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5410** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5411** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5412** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5413** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5414** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5415** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5416** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5417** </dd>
5418** </dl>
5419*/
5420#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5421#define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5422#define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5423#define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5424
5425/*
5426** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5427** DEPRECATED
5428**
5429** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5430** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5431** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5432** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5433** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5434*/
5435#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5436SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5437SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5438SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5439SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5440SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5441SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5442                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
5443#endif
5444
5445/*
5446** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5447** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5448**
5449** <b>Summary:</b>
5450** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5451** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5452** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5453** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5454** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5455** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5456** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5457** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5458** the native byteorder
5459** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5460** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5461** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5462** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5463** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5464** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5465** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5466** TEXT in bytes
5467** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5468** datatype of the value
5469** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5470** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5471** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5472** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5473** against a virtual table.
5474** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5475** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5476** </table></blockquote>
5477**
5478** <b>Details:</b>
5479**
5480** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5481** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5482** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5483** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5484**
5485** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5486** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5487** is not threadsafe.
5488**
5489** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5490** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5491** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5492**
5493** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5494** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5495** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5496** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5497**
5498** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5499** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5500** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5501** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5502** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5503** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5504**
5505** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5506** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5507** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5508** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5509** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5510** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5511** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5512** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5513** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5514** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5515**
5516** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5517** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5518** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5519** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5520** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5521** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5522** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5523**
5524** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
5525** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current encoding
5526** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
5527** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
5528** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
5529** sqlite3_value_text(X), sqlite3_value_text16(X), sqlite3_value_text16be(X),
5530** sqlite3_value_text16le(X), sqlite3_value_bytes(X), or
5531** sqlite3_value_bytes16(X) might change the encoding of the value X and
5532** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
5533**
5534** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5535** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5536** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5537** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5538** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5539** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5540** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5541** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5542** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5543** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5544** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5545** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5546**
5547** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5548** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5549** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5550** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5551**
5552** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5553** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5554** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5555** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5556** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5557**
5558** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5559** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5560**
5561** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5562** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5563** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5564** errors:
5565**
5566** <ul>
5567** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5568** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5569** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5570** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5571** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5572** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5573** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5574** </ul>
5575**
5576** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5577** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5578** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5579** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5580** return value is obtained and before any
5581** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5582*/
5583const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5584double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5585int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5586sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5587void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5588const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5589const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5590const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5591const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5592int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5593int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5594int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5595int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5596int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5597int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5598int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);
5599
5600/*
5601** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5602** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5603**
5604** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5605** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5606** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5607** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5608** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5609*/
5610unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5611
5612/*
5613** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5614** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5615**
5616** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5617** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5618** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5619** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5620** memory allocation fails. ^If V is a [pointer value], then the result
5621** of sqlite3_value_dup(V) is a NULL value.
5622**
5623** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5624** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5625** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5626*/
5627sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5628void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5629
5630/*
5631** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5632** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5633**
5634** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5635** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5636**
5637** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5638** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5639** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5640** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5641** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5642** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5643** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5644** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5645** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5646** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5647** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5648** first time from within xFinal().)^
5649**
5650** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5651** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5652** allocation error occurs.
5653**
5654** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5655** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5656** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5657** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5658** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5659** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5660** pointless memory allocations occur.
5661**
5662** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5663** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5664**
5665** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5666** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5667** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5668** function.
5669**
5670** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5671** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5672*/
5673void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5674
5675/*
5676** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5677** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5678**
5679** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5680** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5681** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5682** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5683** registered the application defined function.
5684**
5685** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5686** the application-defined function is running.
5687*/
5688void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5689
5690/*
5691** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5692** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5693**
5694** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5695** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5696** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5697** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5698** registered the application defined function.
5699*/
5700sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5701
5702/*
5703** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5704** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5705**
5706** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5707** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5708** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5709** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5710** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5711** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5712** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5713** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5714** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5715** invocations of the same function.
5716**
5717** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5718** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5719** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5720** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5721** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5722** returns a NULL pointer.
5723**
5724** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5725** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5726** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5727** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5728** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5729** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5730** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5731** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5732** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5733** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5734** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5735**      SQL statement)^, or
5736** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5737**       parameter)^, or
5738** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5739**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5740**
5741** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5742** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5743** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5744** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5745** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5746** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5747**
5748** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5749** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5750** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5751**
5752** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5753** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5754** kinds of function caching behavior.
5755**
5756** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5757** the SQL function is running.
5758*/
5759void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5760void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5761
5762
5763/*
5764** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5765**
5766** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5767** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5768** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5769** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5770** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5771** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5772** the content before returning.
5773**
5774** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5775** C++ compilers.
5776*/
5777typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5778#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5779#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5780
5781/*
5782** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5783** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5784**
5785** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5786** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5787** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5788** for additional information.
5789**
5790** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5791** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5792** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5793**
5794** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5795** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5796** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5797** third parameter.
5798**
5799** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5800** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5801** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5802**
5803** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5804** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5805** by its 2nd argument.
5806**
5807** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5808** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5809** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5810** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5811** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5812** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5813** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
5814** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
5815** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5816** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5817** message all text up through the first zero character.
5818** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5819** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5820** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5821** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5822** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5823** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5824** modify the text after they return without harm.
5825** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5826** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5827** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5828** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5829**
5830** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5831** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5832**
5833** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5834** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5835**
5836** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5837** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5838** value given in the 2nd argument.
5839** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5840** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5841** value given in the 2nd argument.
5842**
5843** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5844** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5845**
5846** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5847** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5848** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5849** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5850** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5851** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5852** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5853** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5854** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5855** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5856** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5857** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5858** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5859** through the first zero character.
5860** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5861** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5862** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5863** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5864** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5865** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5866** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5867** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5868** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5869** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5870** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5871** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5872** finished using that result.
5873** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5874** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5875** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5876** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5877** when it has finished using that result.
5878** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5879** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5880** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5881** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5882**
5883** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5884** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
5885** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
5886** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
5887** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
5888** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
5889** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
5890** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
5891** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
5892** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
5893** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
5894** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
5895**
5896** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
5897** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5898** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
5899** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
5900** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
5901**
5902** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5903** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5904** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5905** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5906** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5907** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5908** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5909** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5910** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5911**
5912** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5913** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5914** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5915** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5916** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5917** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5918** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5919** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5920** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5921** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5922**
5923** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5924** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5925** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5926*/
5927void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5928void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5929                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5930void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5931void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5932void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5933void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5934void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5935void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5936void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5937void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5938void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5939void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5940void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5941                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5942void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5943void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5944void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5945void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5946void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5947void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5948int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5949
5950
5951/*
5952** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5953** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5954**
5955** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5956** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5957** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5958** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5959** higher order bits are discarded.
5960** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5961** in future releases of SQLite.
5962*/
5963void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5964
5965/*
5966** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5967** METHOD: sqlite3
5968**
5969** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5970** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5971**
5972** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5973** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5974** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5975** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5976** considered to be the same name.
5977**
5978** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5979** <ul>
5980** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5981** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5982** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5983** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5984** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5985** </ul>)^
5986** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5987** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
5988** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5989** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5990** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5991** on an even byte address.
5992**
5993** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5994** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5995**
5996** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
5997** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5998** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5999** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
6000** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
6001** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
6002** that collation is no longer usable.
6003**
6004** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
6005** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
6006** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
6007** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
6008** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
6009** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
6010** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
6011** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
6012** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
6013** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
6014** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
6015** strings A, B, and C:
6016**
6017** <ol>
6018** <li> If A==B then B==A.
6019** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
6020** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
6021** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
6022** </ol>
6023**
6024** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
6025** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
6026** is undefined.
6027**
6028** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
6029** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
6030** the collating function is deleted.
6031** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
6032** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
6033** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
6034**
6035** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
6036** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
6037** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
6038** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
6039** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
6040** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
6041** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
6042** compatibility.
6043**
6044** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
6045*/
6046int sqlite3_create_collation(
6047  sqlite3*,
6048  const char *zName,
6049  int eTextRep,
6050  void *pArg,
6051  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6052);
6053int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
6054  sqlite3*,
6055  const char *zName,
6056  int eTextRep,
6057  void *pArg,
6058  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
6059  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
6060);
6061int sqlite3_create_collation16(
6062  sqlite3*,
6063  const void *zName,
6064  int eTextRep,
6065  void *pArg,
6066  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6067);
6068
6069/*
6070** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
6071** METHOD: sqlite3
6072**
6073** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
6074** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
6075** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
6076** sequence is required.
6077**
6078** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
6079** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
6080** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
6081** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
6082** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
6083**
6084** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
6085** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
6086** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
6087** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6088** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
6089** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
6090** required collation sequence.)^
6091**
6092** The callback function should register the desired collation using
6093** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
6094** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
6095*/
6096int sqlite3_collation_needed(
6097  sqlite3*,
6098  void*,
6099  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
6100);
6101int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
6102  sqlite3*,
6103  void*,
6104  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
6105);
6106
6107#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
6108/*
6109** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
6110** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
6111*/
6112void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
6113  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
6114);
6115#endif
6116
6117/*
6118** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
6119**
6120** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
6121** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
6122**
6123** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
6124** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
6125** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
6126** requested from the operating system is returned.
6127**
6128** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
6129** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
6130** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
6131** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
6132** in the previous paragraphs.
6133*/
6134int sqlite3_sleep(int);
6135
6136/*
6137** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
6138**
6139** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6140** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
6141** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
6142** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
6143** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
6144** temporary file directory.
6145**
6146** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
6147** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6148** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6149** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6150** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6151** be avoided in new projects.
6152**
6153** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6154** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6155** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6156** thread.
6157** It is intended that this variable be set once
6158** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6159** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6160** thereafter.
6161**
6162** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6163** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6164** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6165** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6166** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6167** using [sqlite3_free].
6168** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6169** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6170** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6171** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6172** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6173** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6174** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6175** objects have been destroyed.
6176**
6177** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6178** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6179** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6180** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6181**
6182** <blockquote><pre>
6183** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6184** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6185** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6186** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6187** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6188** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6189** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6190** </pre></blockquote>
6191*/
6192SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6193
6194/*
6195** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6196**
6197** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6198** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6199** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6200** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6201** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6202** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6203** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6204** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6205** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6206**
6207** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6208** open can result in a corrupt database.
6209**
6210** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6211** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6212** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6213** thread.
6214** It is intended that this variable be set once
6215** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6216** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6217** thereafter.
6218**
6219** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6220** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6221** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6222** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6223** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6224** using [sqlite3_free].
6225** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6226** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6227** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6228*/
6229SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6230
6231/*
6232** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6233**
6234** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6235** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6236** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6237** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6238** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6239** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6240** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6241** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6242** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6243** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6244** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6245** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6246** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6247** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6248** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6249*/
6250int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6251  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6252  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6253);
6254int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6255int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6256
6257/*
6258** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6259**
6260** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6261** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6262*/
6263#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6264#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6265
6266/*
6267** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6268** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6269** METHOD: sqlite3
6270**
6271** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6272** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6273** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6274** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6275** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6276**
6277** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6278** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6279** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6280** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6281** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6282** an error is to use this function.
6283**
6284** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6285** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6286** is undefined.
6287*/
6288int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6289
6290/*
6291** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6292** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6293**
6294** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6295** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6296** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6297** that was the first argument
6298** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6299** create the statement in the first place.
6300*/
6301sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6302
6303/*
6304** CAPI3REF: Return The Schema Name For A Database Connection
6305** METHOD: sqlite3
6306**
6307** ^The sqlite3_db_name(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the schema name
6308** for the N-th database on database connection D, or a NULL pointer of N is
6309** out of range.  An N value of 0 means the main database file.  An N of 1 is
6310** the "temp" schema.  Larger values of N correspond to various ATTACH-ed
6311** databases.
6312**
6313** Space to hold the string that is returned by sqlite3_db_name() is managed
6314** by SQLite itself.  The string might be deallocated by any operation that
6315** changes the schema, including [ATTACH] or [DETACH] or calls to
6316** [sqlite3_serialize()] or [sqlite3_deserialize()], even operations that
6317** occur on a different thread.  Applications that need to
6318** remember the string long-term should make their own copy.  Applications that
6319** are accessing the same database connection simultaneously on multiple
6320** threads should mutex-protect calls to this API and should make their own
6321** private copy of the result prior to releasing the mutex.
6322*/
6323const char *sqlite3_db_name(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6324
6325/*
6326** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6327** METHOD: sqlite3
6328**
6329** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6330** associated with database N of connection D.
6331** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6332** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6333** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6334**
6335** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6336** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6337** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6338**
6339** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6340** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6341** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6342** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6343**
6344** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6345** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6346** <ul>
6347** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6348** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6349** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6350** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6351** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6352** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6353** </ul>
6354*/
6355const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6356
6357/*
6358** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6359** METHOD: sqlite3
6360**
6361** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6362** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6363** the name of a database on connection D.
6364*/
6365int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6366
6367/*
6368** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6369** METHOD: sqlite3
6370**
6371** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6372** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6373** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6374** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6375** <ol>
6376** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6377** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6378** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6379** </ol>
6380** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6381** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6382*/
6383int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6384
6385/*
6386** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
6387** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6388**
6389** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6390** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6391** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6392** in [database connection] D.
6393**
6394** <dl>
6395** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6396** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6397** pending.</dd>
6398**
6399** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6400** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6401** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6402** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6403** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6404** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6405** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6406** [COMMIT].</dd>
6407**
6408** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6409** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6410** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6411** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6412** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6413*/
6414#define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6415#define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6416#define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6417
6418/*
6419** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6420** METHOD: sqlite3
6421**
6422** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6423** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6424** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6425** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6426** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6427**
6428** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6429** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6430** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6431*/
6432sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6433
6434/*
6435** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6436** METHOD: sqlite3
6437**
6438** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6439** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6440** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6441** for the same database connection is overridden.
6442** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6443** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6444** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6445** for the same database connection is overridden.
6446** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6447** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6448** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6449**
6450** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6451** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6452** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6453** the first call for each function on D.
6454**
6455** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6456** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6457** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6458** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6459** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6460** or rollback hook in the first place.
6461** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6462** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6463** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6464**
6465** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6466**
6467** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6468** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6469** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6470** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6471** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6472**
6473** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6474** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6475** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6476** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6477** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6478**
6479** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6480*/
6481void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6482void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6483
6484/*
6485** CAPI3REF: Autovacuum Compaction Amount Callback
6486** METHOD: sqlite3
6487**
6488** ^The sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) interface registers a callback
6489** function C that is invoked prior to each autovacuum of the database
6490** file.  ^The callback is passed a copy of the generic data pointer (P),
6491** the schema-name of the attached database that is being autovacuumed,
6492** the size of the database file in pages, the number of free pages,
6493** and the number of bytes per page, respectively.  The callback should
6494** return the number of free pages that should be removed by the
6495** autovacuum.  ^If the callback returns zero, then no autovacuum happens.
6496** ^If the value returned is greater than or equal to the number of
6497** free pages, then a complete autovacuum happens.
6498**
6499** <p>^If there are multiple ATTACH-ed database files that are being
6500** modified as part of a transaction commit, then the autovacuum pages
6501** callback is invoked separately for each file.
6502**
6503** <p><b>The callback is not reentrant.</b> The callback function should
6504** not attempt to invoke any other SQLite interface.  If it does, bad
6505** things may happen, including segmentation faults and corrupt database
6506** files.  The callback function should be a simple function that
6507** does some arithmetic on its input parameters and returns a result.
6508**
6509** ^The X parameter to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is an optional
6510** destructor for the P parameter.  ^If X is not NULL, then X(P) is
6511** invoked whenever the database connection closes or when the callback
6512** is overwritten by another invocation of sqlite3_autovacuum_pages().
6513**
6514** <p>^There is only one autovacuum pages callback per database connection.
6515** ^Each call to the sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() interface overrides all
6516** previous invocations for that database connection.  ^If the callback
6517** argument (C) to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is a NULL pointer,
6518** then the autovacuum steps callback is cancelled.  The return value
6519** from sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() is normally SQLITE_OK, but might
6520** be some other error code if something goes wrong.  The current
6521** implementation will only return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_MISUSE, but other
6522** return codes might be added in future releases.
6523**
6524** <p>If no autovacuum pages callback is specified (the usual case) or
6525** a NULL pointer is provided for the callback,
6526** then the default behavior is to vacuum all free pages.  So, in other
6527** words, the default behavior is the same as if the callback function
6528** were something like this:
6529**
6530** <blockquote><pre>
6531** &nbsp;   unsigned int demonstration_autovac_pages_callback(
6532** &nbsp;     void *pClientData,
6533** &nbsp;     const char *zSchema,
6534** &nbsp;     unsigned int nDbPage,
6535** &nbsp;     unsigned int nFreePage,
6536** &nbsp;     unsigned int nBytePerPage
6537** &nbsp;   ){
6538** &nbsp;     return nFreePage;
6539** &nbsp;   }
6540** </pre></blockquote>
6541*/
6542int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
6543  sqlite3 *db,
6544  unsigned int(*)(void*,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
6545  void*,
6546  void(*)(void*)
6547);
6548
6549
6550/*
6551** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6552** METHOD: sqlite3
6553**
6554** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6555** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6556** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6557** a [rowid table].
6558** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6559** for the same database connection is overridden.
6560**
6561** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6562** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6563** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6564** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6565** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6566** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6567** to be invoked.
6568** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6569** database and table name containing the affected row.
6570** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6571** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6572**
6573** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6574** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
6575** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6576**
6577** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6578** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6579** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6580** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6581** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6582** release of SQLite.
6583**
6584** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6585** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6586** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6587** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6588** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6589** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6590**
6591** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6592** returns the P argument from the previous call
6593** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6594** the first call on D.
6595**
6596** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6597** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6598*/
6599void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6600  sqlite3*,
6601  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6602  void*
6603);
6604
6605/*
6606** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6607**
6608** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6609** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6610** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6611** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6612**
6613** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with
6614** [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE].  The [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE]
6615** compile-time option is recommended because the
6616** [use of shared cache mode is discouraged].
6617**
6618** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6619** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6620** In prior versions of SQLite,
6621** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6622**
6623** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6624** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6625** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6626** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6627**
6628** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6629** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6630**
6631** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6632** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6633** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6634** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6635** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6636** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6637** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6638**
6639** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6640** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6641** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6642** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6643**
6644** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6645** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6646**
6647** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6648*/
6649int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6650
6651/*
6652** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6653**
6654** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6655** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6656** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6657** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6658** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6659** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6660** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6661** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6662**
6663** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6664*/
6665int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6666
6667/*
6668** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6669** METHOD: sqlite3
6670**
6671** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6672** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6673** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6674** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6675** omitted.
6676**
6677** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6678*/
6679int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6680
6681/*
6682** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6683**
6684** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6685** by all database connections within a single process.
6686**
6687** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6688** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6689** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6690** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6691** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6692** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6693** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6694** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6695** is advisory only.
6696**
6697** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6698** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6699** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6700** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6701** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6702**
6703** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6704** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6705** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6706** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6707** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6708** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6709** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6710**
6711** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6712**
6713** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6714** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6715** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6716** the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6717** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6718** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6719** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6720** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6721** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6722** hard heap limit.
6723**
6724** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6725** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6726**
6727** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6728** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6729**
6730** <ul>
6731** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6732** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6733**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6734**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6735** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6736**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6737** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6738**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6739**      from the heap.
6740** </ul>)^
6741**
6742** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6743** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6744*/
6745sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6746sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6747
6748/*
6749** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6750** DEPRECATED
6751**
6752** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6753** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6754** only.  All new applications should use the
6755** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6756*/
6757SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6758
6759
6760/*
6761** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6762** METHOD: sqlite3
6763**
6764** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6765** information about column C of table T in database D
6766** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6767** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6768** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6769** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6770** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6771** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6772** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6773** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6774** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6775** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6776** undefined behavior.
6777**
6778** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6779** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6780** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6781** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6782** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6783** resolve unqualified table references.
6784**
6785** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6786** name of the desired column, respectively.
6787**
6788** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6789** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6790** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6791**
6792** ^(<blockquote>
6793** <table border="1">
6794** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6795**
6796** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6797** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6798** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6799** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6800** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6801** </table>
6802** </blockquote>)^
6803**
6804** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6805** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6806** call to any SQLite API function.
6807**
6808** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6809**
6810** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6811** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6812** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6813** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6814** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6815** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6816**
6817** <pre>
6818**     data type: "INTEGER"
6819**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6820**     not null: 0
6821**     primary key: 1
6822**     auto increment: 0
6823** </pre>)^
6824**
6825** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6826** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6827** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6828*/
6829int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6830  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6831  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6832  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6833  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6834  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6835  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6836  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6837  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6838  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6839);
6840
6841/*
6842** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6843** METHOD: sqlite3
6844**
6845** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6846**
6847** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6848** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6849** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6850** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6851** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6852** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6853** be tried also.
6854**
6855** ^The entry point is zProc.
6856** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6857** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6858** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6859** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6860** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6861** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6862** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6863** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6864** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6865** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6866** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6867** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6868** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6869**
6870** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6871** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6872** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6873** prior to calling this API,
6874** otherwise an error will be returned.
6875**
6876** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6877** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6878** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6879** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6880** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6881** access to extension loading capabilities.
6882**
6883** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6884*/
6885int sqlite3_load_extension(
6886  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6887  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6888  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6889  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6890);
6891
6892/*
6893** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6894** METHOD: sqlite3
6895**
6896** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6897** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6898** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6899** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6900**
6901** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6902** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6903** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6904** it back off again.
6905**
6906** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6907** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6908** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6909** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6910**
6911** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6912** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6913** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6914** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6915** access to extension loading capabilities.
6916*/
6917int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6918
6919/*
6920** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6921**
6922** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6923** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6924** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6925** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6926**
6927** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6928** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6929** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6930** entry point where as follows:
6931**
6932** <blockquote><pre>
6933** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6934** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6935** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6936** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6937** &nbsp;  );
6938** </pre></blockquote>)^
6939**
6940** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6941** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6942** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6943** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6944** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6945** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6946** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6947**
6948** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6949** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6950** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6951**
6952** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6953** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6954*/
6955int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6956
6957/*
6958** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6959**
6960** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6961** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6962** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6963** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6964** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6965** routines.
6966*/
6967int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6968
6969/*
6970** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6971**
6972** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6973** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6974*/
6975void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6976
6977/*
6978** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6979** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6980** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6981**
6982** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6983** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6984*/
6985
6986/*
6987** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6988*/
6989typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6990typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6991typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6992typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6993
6994/*
6995** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6996** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6997**
6998** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6999** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
7000** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
7001**
7002** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
7003** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
7004** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
7005** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
7006** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
7007** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
7008** any database connection.
7009*/
7010struct sqlite3_module {
7011  int iVersion;
7012  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7013               int argc, const char *const*argv,
7014               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7015  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7016               int argc, const char *const*argv,
7017               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7018  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
7019  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7020  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7021  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
7022  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7023  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
7024                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
7025  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7026  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7027  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
7028  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
7029  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
7030  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7031  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7032  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7033  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7034  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
7035                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
7036                       void **ppArg);
7037  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
7038  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
7039  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
7040  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7041  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7042  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7043  /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
7044  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
7045  int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
7046};
7047
7048/*
7049** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
7050** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
7051**
7052** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
7053** of the [virtual table] interface to
7054** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
7055** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
7056** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
7057** results into the **Outputs** fields.
7058**
7059** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
7060**
7061** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
7062**
7063** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
7064** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
7065** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
7066** ^(The index of the column is stored in
7067** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
7068** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
7069** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
7070**
7071** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
7072** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
7073** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
7074** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
7075** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
7076**
7077** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
7078** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
7079**
7080** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
7081** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
7082** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
7083** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
7084** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
7085** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
7086** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
7087** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
7088** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
7089** non-zero.
7090**
7091** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
7092** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
7093** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
7094** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
7095** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
7096** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
7097** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
7098** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
7099** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
7100** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
7101** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
7102** not be checked again using byte code.)^
7103**
7104** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
7105** [xFilter] method.
7106** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
7107** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
7108**
7109** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
7110** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
7111** sorting step is required.
7112**
7113** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
7114** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
7115** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
7116** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
7117** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
7118**
7119** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
7120** will be returned by the strategy.
7121**
7122** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
7123** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
7124** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
7125** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
7126**
7127** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
7128** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
7129** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
7130** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
7131** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
7132** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
7133** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
7134** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
7135** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
7136**
7137** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
7138** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
7139** If a virtual table extension is
7140** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
7141** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
7142** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
7143** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
7144** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
7145** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
7146** It may therefore only be used if
7147** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
7148** 3009000.
7149*/
7150struct sqlite3_index_info {
7151  /* Inputs */
7152  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
7153  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
7154     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
7155     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
7156     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
7157     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
7158  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
7159  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
7160  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
7161     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
7162     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
7163  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
7164  /* Outputs */
7165  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
7166    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
7167    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
7168  } *aConstraintUsage;
7169  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
7170  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
7171  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
7172  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
7173  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
7174  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
7175  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
7176  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
7177  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
7178  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
7179  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
7180};
7181
7182/*
7183** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
7184**
7185** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
7186** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
7187** these bits.
7188*/
7189#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
7190
7191/*
7192** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
7193**
7194** These macros define the allowed values for the
7195** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
7196** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the WHERE clause of
7197** a query that uses a [virtual table].
7198**
7199** ^The left-hand operand of the operator is given by the corresponding
7200** aConstraint[].iColumn field.  ^An iColumn of -1 indicates the left-hand
7201** operand is the rowid.
7202** The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET
7203** operators have no left-hand operand, and so for those operators the
7204** corresponding aConstraint[].iColumn is meaningless and should not be
7205** used.
7206**
7207** All operator values from SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION through
7208** value 255 are reserved to represent functions that are overloaded
7209** by the [xFindFunction|xFindFunction method] of the virtual table
7210** implementation.
7211**
7212** The right-hand operands for each constraint might be accessible using
7213** the [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()] interface.  Usually the right-hand
7214** operand is only available if it appears as a single constant literal
7215** in the input SQL.  If the right-hand operand is another column or an
7216** expression (even a constant expression) or a parameter, then the
7217** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() probably will not be able to extract it.
7218** ^The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL and
7219** SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL operators have no right-hand operand
7220** and hence calls to sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() for those operators will
7221** always return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
7222**
7223** The collating sequence to be used for comparison can be found using
7224** the [sqlite3_vtab_collation()] interface.  For most real-world virtual
7225** tables, the collating sequence of constraints does not matter (for example
7226** because the constraints are numeric) and so the sqlite3_vtab_collation()
7227** interface is no commonly needed.
7228*/
7229#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ          2
7230#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT          4
7231#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE          8
7232#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT         16
7233#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE         32
7234#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH      64
7235#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE       65
7236#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB       66
7237#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP     67
7238#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE         68
7239#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT      69
7240#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL  70
7241#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL     71
7242#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS         72
7243#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT      73
7244#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET     74
7245#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION  150
7246
7247/*
7248** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
7249** METHOD: sqlite3
7250**
7251** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
7252** ^Module names must be registered before
7253** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
7254** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
7255**
7256** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
7257** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
7258** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
7259** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
7260** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
7261** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
7262** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
7263**
7264** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
7265** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
7266** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
7267** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
7268** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
7269** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
7270** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
7271** destructor.
7272**
7273** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7274** NULL then no new module is created and any existing modules with the
7275** same name are dropped.
7276**
7277** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7278*/
7279int sqlite3_create_module(
7280  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7281  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7282  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7283  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7284);
7285int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7286  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7287  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7288  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7289  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7290  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7291);
7292
7293/*
7294** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7295** METHOD: sqlite3
7296**
7297** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7298** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7299** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7300** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7301** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7302**
7303** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7304*/
7305int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7306  sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7307  const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7308);
7309
7310/*
7311** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7312** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7313**
7314** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7315** of this object to describe a particular instance
7316** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7317** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7318** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7319** common to all module implementations.
7320**
7321** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7322** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7323** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7324** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7325** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7326** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7327*/
7328struct sqlite3_vtab {
7329  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7330  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7331  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7332  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7333};
7334
7335/*
7336** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7337** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7338**
7339** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7340** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7341** [virtual table] and are used
7342** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7343** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7344** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7345** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7346** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7347** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7348**
7349** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7350** are common to all implementations.
7351*/
7352struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7353  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7354  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7355};
7356
7357/*
7358** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7359**
7360** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7361** [virtual table module] call this interface
7362** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7363** the virtual tables they implement.
7364*/
7365int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7366
7367/*
7368** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7369** METHOD: sqlite3
7370**
7371** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7372** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7373** But global versions of those functions
7374** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7375**
7376** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7377** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7378** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7379** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7380** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7381** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7382** by a [virtual table].
7383*/
7384int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7385
7386/*
7387** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
7388** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
7389** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
7390** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
7391**
7392** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
7393** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
7394*/
7395
7396/*
7397** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7398** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7399**
7400** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7401** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7402** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7403** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7404** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7405** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7406** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7407*/
7408typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7409
7410/*
7411** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7412** METHOD: sqlite3
7413** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7414**
7415** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7416** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7417** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7418**
7419** <pre>
7420**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7421** </pre>)^
7422**
7423** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7424** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7425** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7426** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7427** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7428**
7429** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7430** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7431** read-only access.
7432**
7433** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7434** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7435** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7436** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7437** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
7438**
7439** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7440** <ul>
7441**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7442**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7443**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7444**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7445**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7446**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7447**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7448**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7449**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7450**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7451**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7452**         being opened for read/write access)^.
7453** </ul>
7454**
7455** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7456** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7457** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7458**
7459** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7460** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7461** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7462** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7463** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7464** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7465**
7466** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7467** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7468** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7469** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7470** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7471** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7472** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7473** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7474** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7475** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7476**
7477** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7478** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7479** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7480** blob.
7481**
7482** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7483** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7484** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7485**
7486** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7487** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7488**
7489** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7490** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7491** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7492*/
7493int sqlite3_blob_open(
7494  sqlite3*,
7495  const char *zDb,
7496  const char *zTable,
7497  const char *zColumn,
7498  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
7499  int flags,
7500  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
7501);
7502
7503/*
7504** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
7505** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7506**
7507** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
7508** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
7509** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
7510** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
7511** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
7512** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
7513**
7514** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
7515** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
7516** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
7517** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
7518** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
7519** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
7520** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
7521** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
7522** always returns zero.
7523**
7524** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
7525*/
7526int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
7527
7528/*
7529** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
7530** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7531**
7532** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7533** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7534** handle is still closed.)^
7535**
7536** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7537** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7538** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7539** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7540** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7541**
7542** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7543** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7544** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7545** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7546** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7547** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7548*/
7549int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7550
7551/*
7552** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7553** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7554**
7555** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7556** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7557** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7558** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7559**
7560** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7561** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7562** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7563** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7564*/
7565int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7566
7567/*
7568** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7569** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7570**
7571** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7572** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7573** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7574**
7575** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7576** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7577** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7578** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7579** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7580**
7581** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7582** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7583**
7584** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7585** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7586**
7587** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7588** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7589** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7590** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7591**
7592** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7593*/
7594int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7595
7596/*
7597** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7598** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7599**
7600** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7601** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7602** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7603**
7604** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7605** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7606** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7607** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7608** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7609**
7610** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7611** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7612** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7613**
7614** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7615** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7616** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7617** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7618** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7619** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7620** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7621**
7622** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7623** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7624** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7625** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7626** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7627** or by other independent statements.
7628**
7629** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7630** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7631** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7632** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7633**
7634** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7635*/
7636int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7637
7638/*
7639** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7640**
7641** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7642** that SQLite uses to interact
7643** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7644** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7645** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7646** The following interfaces are provided.
7647**
7648** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7649** ^Names are case sensitive.
7650** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7651** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7652** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7653**
7654** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7655** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7656** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7657** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7658** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7659** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7660** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7661** then the behavior is undefined.
7662**
7663** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7664** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7665** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7666*/
7667sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7668int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7669int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7670
7671/*
7672** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7673**
7674** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7675** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7676** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7677** permitted to use any of these routines.
7678**
7679** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7680** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7681** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7682** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7683**
7684** <ul>
7685** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7686** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7687** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7688** </ul>
7689**
7690** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7691** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7692** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7693** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7694** and Windows.
7695**
7696** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7697** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7698** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7699** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7700** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7701** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7702** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7703**
7704** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7705** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7706** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7707** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7708** integer constants:
7709**
7710** <ul>
7711** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7712** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7713** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
7714** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7715** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7716** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7717** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7718** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7719** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7720** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7721** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7722** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7723** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7724** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7725** </ul>
7726**
7727** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7728** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7729** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7730** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7731** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7732** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7733** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7734** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7735** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7736** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7737**
7738** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7739** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7740** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7741** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7742** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7743** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7744** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7745** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7746**
7747** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7748** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7749** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7750** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7751** the same type number.
7752**
7753** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7754** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7755** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7756**
7757** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7758** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7759** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7760** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7761** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7762** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7763** In such cases, the
7764** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7765** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7766** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7767**
7768** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7769** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7770** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7771** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7772** behavior.)^
7773**
7774** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7775** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7776** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7777** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7778**
7779** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7780** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7781** behave as no-ops.
7782**
7783** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7784*/
7785sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7786void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7787void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7788int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7789void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7790
7791/*
7792** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7793**
7794** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7795** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7796**
7797** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7798** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7799** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7800** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7801** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7802** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7803** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7804** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7805** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7806**
7807** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7808** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7809** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7810** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7811**
7812** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7813** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7814** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7815** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7816** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7817** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7818**
7819** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7820** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7821** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7822**
7823** <ul>
7824**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7825**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7826**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7827**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7828**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7829**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7830**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7831** </ul>)^
7832**
7833** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7834** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7835** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7836** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7837** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7838** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7839** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7840**
7841** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7842** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7843** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7844** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7845**
7846** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7847** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7848** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7849** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7850**
7851** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7852** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7853** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7854** prior to returning.
7855*/
7856typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7857struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7858  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7859  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7860  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7861  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7862  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7863  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7864  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7865  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7866  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7867};
7868
7869/*
7870** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7871**
7872** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7873** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7874** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7875** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7876** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7877** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7878** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7879** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7880**
7881** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7882** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7883**
7884** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7885** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7886** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7887** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7888**
7889** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7890** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7891** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7892** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7893** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7894** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7895** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7896** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7897*/
7898#ifndef NDEBUG
7899int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7900int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7901#endif
7902
7903/*
7904** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7905**
7906** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7907** which is one of these integer constants.
7908**
7909** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7910** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7911** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7912*/
7913#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7914#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7915#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
7916#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7917#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7918#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7919#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7920#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7921#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7922#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7923#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7924#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7925#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7926#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7927#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7928#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7929
7930/* Legacy compatibility: */
7931#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7932
7933
7934/*
7935** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7936** METHOD: sqlite3
7937**
7938** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7939** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7940** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7941** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7942** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7943*/
7944sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7945
7946/*
7947** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7948** METHOD: sqlite3
7949** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7950**
7951** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7952** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7953** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7954** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7955** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7956** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7957** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7958** main database file.
7959** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7960** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7961** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7962** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7963**
7964** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7965** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7966** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7967** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7968** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7969** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7970** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7971** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7972** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7973** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7974** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7975** from the pager.
7976**
7977** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7978** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7979** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7980** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7981** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7982** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7983** xFileControl method.
7984**
7985** See also: [file control opcodes]
7986*/
7987int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7988
7989/*
7990** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7991**
7992** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7993** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7994** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7995** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7996**
7997** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7998** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7999** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
8000**
8001** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
8002** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
8003** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
8004** operate consistently from one release to the next.
8005*/
8006int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
8007
8008/*
8009** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
8010**
8011** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
8012** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
8013**
8014** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
8015** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
8016** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
8017** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
8018*/
8019#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
8020#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
8021#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
8022#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
8023#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
8024#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
8025#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
8026#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
8027#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
8028#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
8029#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
8030#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
8031#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
8032#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
8033#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
8034#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
8035#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
8036#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
8037#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
8038#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
8039#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
8040#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
8041#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
8042#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
8043#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
8044#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
8045#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
8046#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
8047#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
8048#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
8049#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE                    32
8050#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST                  33
8051#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    33  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
8052
8053/*
8054** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
8055**
8056** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
8057** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
8058** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
8059** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
8060**
8061** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
8062** keywords understood by SQLite.
8063**
8064** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
8065** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
8066** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
8067** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
8068** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
8069** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
8070** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
8071**
8072** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
8073** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
8074** if it is and zero if not.
8075**
8076** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
8077** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
8078** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
8079** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
8080** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
8081** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
8082** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
8083** name collisions include:
8084** <ul>
8085** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
8086**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
8087** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
8088**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
8089**      technique.
8090** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
8091**      with "Z".
8092** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
8093** </ul>
8094**
8095** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
8096** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
8097** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
8098** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
8099*/
8100int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
8101int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
8102int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
8103
8104/*
8105** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
8106** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
8107**
8108** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
8109** string under construction.
8110**
8111** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
8112** <ol>
8113** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
8114** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
8115** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
8116** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
8117** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
8118** </ol>
8119*/
8120typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
8121
8122/*
8123** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
8124** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8125**
8126** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
8127** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
8128** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
8129** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
8130**
8131** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
8132** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
8133** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
8134** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
8135** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
8136** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
8137** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
8138** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
8139** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
8140**
8141** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
8142** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
8143** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
8144** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
8145** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
8146*/
8147sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
8148
8149/*
8150** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
8151** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8152**
8153** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
8154** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
8155** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
8156** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
8157** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
8158** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
8159** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
8160** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
8161*/
8162char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
8163
8164/*
8165** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
8166** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8167**
8168** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
8169** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
8170**
8171** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
8172** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
8173** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
8174** [sqlite3_str] object X.
8175**
8176** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
8177** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
8178** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
8179** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
8180** method instead.
8181**
8182** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
8183** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8184**
8185** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
8186** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8187** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
8188**
8189** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
8190** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
8191**
8192** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
8193** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
8194** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
8195*/
8196void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
8197void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
8198void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
8199void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
8200void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
8201void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
8202
8203/*
8204** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
8205** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8206**
8207** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
8208**
8209** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
8210** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
8211** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
8212** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
8213** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
8214** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
8215**
8216** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
8217** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
8218** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
8219** zero-termination byte.
8220**
8221** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
8222** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
8223** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
8224** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
8225** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
8226** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
8227** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
8228** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
8229** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
8230** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
8231*/
8232int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
8233int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
8234char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
8235
8236/*
8237** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
8238**
8239** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
8240** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
8241** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
8242** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
8243** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
8244** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
8245** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
8246** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
8247** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
8248** value.  For those parameters
8249** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
8250** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
8251** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
8252**
8253** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
8254** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
8255**
8256** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
8257** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
8258** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
8259**
8260** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
8261*/
8262int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
8263int sqlite3_status64(
8264  int op,
8265  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
8266  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
8267  int resetFlag
8268);
8269
8270
8271/*
8272** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
8273** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
8274**
8275** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8276** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8277**
8278** <dl>
8279** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8280** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8281** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8282** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8283** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8284** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8285** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8286** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8287**
8288** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8289** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8290** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8291** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8292** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8293** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8294**
8295** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8296** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8297** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8298**
8299** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8300** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8301** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8302** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8303** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8304**
8305** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8306** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8307** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8308** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8309** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8310** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8311** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8312** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8313** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8314**
8315** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8316** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8317** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8318** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8319** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8320**
8321** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8322** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8323**
8324** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8325** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8326**
8327** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8328** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8329**
8330** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8331** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8332** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8333** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8334** </dl>
8335**
8336** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8337*/
8338#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8339#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8340#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8341#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8342#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8343#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8344#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8345#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8346#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8347#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8348
8349/*
8350** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8351** METHOD: sqlite3
8352**
8353** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8354** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8355** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8356** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8357** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8358** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8359** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8360** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8361**
8362** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8363** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8364** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8365** reset back down to the current value.
8366**
8367** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8368** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8369**
8370** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8371*/
8372int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8373
8374/*
8375** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8376** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8377**
8378** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8379** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8380**
8381** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8382** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8383** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8384** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8385** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8386**
8387** <dl>
8388** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8389** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8390** checked out.</dd>)^
8391**
8392** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8393** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8394** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8395** the current value is always zero.)^
8396**
8397** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8398** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8399** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8400** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8401** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8402** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8403** the current value is always zero.)^
8404**
8405** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8406** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8407** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8408** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8409** memory already being in use.
8410** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8411** the current value is always zero.)^
8412**
8413** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8414** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8415** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8416** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8417**
8418** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8419** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8420** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8421** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8422** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8423** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8424** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8425** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
8426** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8427** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8428** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
8429**
8430** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8431** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8432** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8433** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8434** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8435** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8436** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8437** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8438**
8439** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8440** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8441** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8442** the database connection.)^
8443** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8444** </dd>
8445**
8446** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8447** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8448** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8449** is always 0.
8450** </dd>
8451**
8452** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8453** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8454** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8455** is always 0.
8456** </dd>
8457**
8458** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8459** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8460** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8461** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8462** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8463** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8464** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8465** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8466** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8467** </dd>
8468**
8469** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8470** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8471** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8472** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8473** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8474** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
8475** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8476** </dd>
8477**
8478** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8479** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8480** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8481** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8482** </dd>
8483** </dl>
8484*/
8485#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
8486#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
8487#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
8488#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
8489#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
8490#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
8491#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
8492#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
8493#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
8494#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
8495#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
8496#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
8497#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
8498#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
8499
8500
8501/*
8502** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
8503** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8504**
8505** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
8506** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
8507** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
8508** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
8509** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
8510** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
8511** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
8512** an index.
8513**
8514** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
8515** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
8516** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
8517** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
8518** to be interrogated.)^
8519** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
8520** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
8521** interface call returns.
8522**
8523** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
8524*/
8525int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
8526
8527/*
8528** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
8529** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
8530**
8531** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
8532** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
8533** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
8534**
8535** <dl>
8536** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
8537** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
8538** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8539** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8540** careful use of indices.</dd>
8541**
8542** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8543** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8544** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8545** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8546**
8547** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8548** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8549** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8550** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8551** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8552** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8553**
8554** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8555** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8556** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8557** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8558** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8559** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8560** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8561**
8562** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8563** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8564** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8565** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8566**
8567** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8568** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8569** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8570** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8571** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8572** cycle.
8573**
8574** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]]
8575** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER HIT]]
8576** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT<br>
8577** SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS</dt>
8578** <dd>^SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT is the number of times that a join
8579** step was bypassed because a Bloom filter returned not-found.  The
8580** corresponding SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS value is the number of
8581** times that the Bloom filter returned a find, and thus the join step
8582** had to be processed as normal.
8583**
8584** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8585** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8586** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8587** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8588** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8589** </dd>
8590** </dl>
8591*/
8592#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8593#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8594#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8595#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8596#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8597#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8598#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS       7
8599#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT        8
8600#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8601
8602/*
8603** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8604**
8605** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8606** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8607** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8608** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8609** to the object.
8610**
8611** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8612*/
8613typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8614
8615/*
8616** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8617**
8618** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8619** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8620** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8621** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8622**
8623** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8624*/
8625typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8626struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8627  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8628  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8629};
8630
8631/*
8632** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8633** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8634**
8635** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8636** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8637** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8638** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8639** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8640** By implementing a
8641** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8642** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8643** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8644** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8645** how long.
8646**
8647** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8648** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8649** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8650**
8651** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8652** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8653** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8654** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8655**
8656** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8657** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8658** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8659** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8660** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8661** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8662** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8663** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8664** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8665** page cache.)^
8666**
8667** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8668** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8669** It can be used to clean up
8670** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8671** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8672**
8673** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8674** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8675** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8676** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8677** in multithreaded applications.
8678**
8679** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8680** call to xShutdown().
8681**
8682** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8683** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8684** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8685** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8686** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8687** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8688** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8689** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8690** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8691** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8692** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8693** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8694** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8695** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8696** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8697** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8698** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8699** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8700** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8701** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8702** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8703** never contain any unpinned pages.
8704**
8705** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8706** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8707** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8708** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8709** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8710** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8711** value; it is advisory only.
8712**
8713** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8714** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8715** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8716**
8717** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8718** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8719** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8720** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8721** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8722** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8723** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8724** for each entry in the page cache.
8725**
8726** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8727** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8728** to be "pinned".
8729**
8730** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8731** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8732** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8733** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8734** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8735**
8736** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8737** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8738** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8739** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8740**                 Otherwise return NULL.
8741** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8742**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8743** </table>
8744**
8745** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8746** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8747** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8748** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8749** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8750**
8751** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8752** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8753** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8754** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8755** ^If the discard parameter is
8756** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8757** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8758** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8759**
8760** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8761** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8762** to xFetch().
8763**
8764** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8765** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8766** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8767** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8768** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8769** to be pinned.
8770**
8771** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8772** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8773** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8774** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8775** they can be safely discarded.
8776**
8777** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8778** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8779** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8780** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8781** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8782** functions.
8783**
8784** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8785** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8786** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8787** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8788** do their best.
8789*/
8790typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8791struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8792  int iVersion;
8793  void *pArg;
8794  int (*xInit)(void*);
8795  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8796  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8797  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8798  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8799  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8800  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8801  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8802      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8803  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8804  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8805  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8806};
8807
8808/*
8809** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8810** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8811** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8812*/
8813typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8814struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8815  void *pArg;
8816  int (*xInit)(void*);
8817  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8818  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8819  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8820  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8821  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8822  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8823  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8824  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8825  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8826};
8827
8828
8829/*
8830** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8831**
8832** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8833** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8834** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8835** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8836**
8837** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8838*/
8839typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8840
8841/*
8842** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8843**
8844** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8845** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8846** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8847**
8848** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8849**
8850** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8851** for the duration of the backup operation.
8852** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8853** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8854** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8855** preventing other database connections from
8856** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8857**
8858** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8859**   <ol>
8860**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8861**         backup,
8862**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8863**         the data between the two databases, and finally
8864**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8865**         associated with the backup operation.
8866**   </ol>)^
8867** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8868** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8869**
8870** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8871**
8872** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8873** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8874** and the database name, respectively.
8875** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8876** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8877** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8878** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8879** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8880** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8881** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8882** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8883** an error.
8884**
8885** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8886** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8887** destination database.
8888**
8889** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8890** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8891** destination [database connection] D.
8892** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8893** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8894** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8895** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8896** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8897** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8898** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8899** operation.
8900**
8901** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8902**
8903** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8904** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8905** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8906** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8907** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8908** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8909** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8910** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8911** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8912** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8913** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8914** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8915**
8916** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8917** <ol>
8918** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8919** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8920** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8921** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8922** destination and source page sizes differ.
8923** </ol>)^
8924**
8925** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8926** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8927** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8928** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8929** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8930** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8931** [database connection]
8932** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8933** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8934** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8935** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8936** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8937** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8938** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8939** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8940** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8941**
8942** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8943** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8944** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8945** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8946** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8947** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8948** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8949** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8950** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8951** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8952** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8953** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8954** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8955** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8956** updated at the same time.
8957**
8958** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8959**
8960** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8961** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8962** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8963** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8964** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8965** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8966** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8967** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8968** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8969**
8970** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8971** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8972** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8973** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8974** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8975** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8976**
8977** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8978** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8979** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8980**
8981** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8982** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8983**
8984** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8985** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8986** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8987** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8988** sqlite3_backup_step().
8989** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8990** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8991** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8992** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8993** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8994** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8995**
8996** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8997**
8998** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8999** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
9000** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
9001** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
9002** from within other threads.
9003**
9004** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
9005** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
9006** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
9007** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
9008** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
9009** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
9010** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
9011** backup is in progress might also cause a mutex deadlock.
9012**
9013** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
9014** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
9015** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
9016** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
9017** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
9018** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
9019**
9020** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
9021** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
9022** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
9023** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
9024** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
9025** possible that they return invalid values.
9026*/
9027sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
9028  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
9029  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
9030  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
9031  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
9032);
9033int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
9034int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
9035int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
9036int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
9037
9038/*
9039** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
9040** METHOD: sqlite3
9041**
9042** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
9043** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
9044** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
9045** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
9046** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
9047** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
9048** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
9049** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
9050**
9051** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
9052**
9053** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
9054** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
9055**
9056** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
9057** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
9058** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
9059** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
9060** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
9061** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
9062** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
9063** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
9064** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
9065** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
9066**
9067** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
9068** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
9069** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
9070** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
9071** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
9072**
9073** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
9074** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
9075** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
9076** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
9077**
9078** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
9079** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
9080** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
9081** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
9082** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
9083** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
9084** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
9085** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
9086**
9087** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
9088** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
9089** crash or deadlock may be the result.
9090**
9091** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
9092** returns SQLITE_OK.
9093**
9094** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
9095**
9096** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
9097** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
9098** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
9099** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
9100** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
9101** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
9102**
9103** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
9104** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
9105** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
9106** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
9107** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
9108** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
9109** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
9110** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
9111**
9112** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
9113**
9114** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
9115** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
9116** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
9117** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
9118** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
9119** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
9120** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
9121**
9122** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
9123** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
9124** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
9125** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
9126** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
9127** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
9128** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
9129** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
9130** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
9131** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
9132** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
9133** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
9134**
9135** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
9136**
9137** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
9138** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
9139** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
9140** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
9141** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
9142** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
9143** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
9144** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
9145** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
9146**
9147** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
9148** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
9149** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
9150** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
9151** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
9152*/
9153int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
9154  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
9155  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
9156  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
9157);
9158
9159
9160/*
9161** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
9162**
9163** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
9164** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
9165** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
9166** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
9167*/
9168int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
9169int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
9170
9171/*
9172** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
9173*
9174** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
9175** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
9176** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
9177** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
9178** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
9179** is case sensitive.
9180**
9181** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9182** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9183**
9184** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
9185*/
9186int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
9187
9188/*
9189** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
9190*
9191** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
9192** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
9193** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
9194** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
9195** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
9196** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
9197** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
9198** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
9199** one another.
9200**
9201** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
9202** only ASCII characters are case folded.
9203**
9204** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9205** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9206**
9207** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
9208*/
9209int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
9210
9211/*
9212** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
9213**
9214** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
9215** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
9216** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
9217** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
9218**
9219** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
9220** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
9221** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
9222** is considered bad form.
9223**
9224** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
9225**
9226** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
9227** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
9228** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
9229** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
9230** buffer.
9231*/
9232void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
9233
9234/*
9235** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
9236** METHOD: sqlite3
9237**
9238** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
9239** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
9240**
9241** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
9242** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
9243** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
9244**
9245** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
9246** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
9247** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
9248** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
9249** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
9250** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
9251** including those that were just committed.
9252**
9253** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
9254** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
9255** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
9256** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
9257** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
9258** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
9259** are undefined.
9260**
9261** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
9262** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
9263** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^The return value is
9264** a copy of the third parameter from the previous call, if any, or 0.
9265** ^Note that the [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
9266** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
9267** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
9268*/
9269void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
9270  sqlite3*,
9271  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
9272  void*
9273);
9274
9275/*
9276** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
9277** METHOD: sqlite3
9278**
9279** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
9280** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
9281** to automatically [checkpoint]
9282** after committing a transaction if there are N or
9283** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
9284** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
9285** checkpoints entirely.
9286**
9287** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9288** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9289** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9290** configured by this function.
9291**
9292** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9293** from SQL.
9294**
9295** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9296** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9297**
9298** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9299** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9300** pages.  The use of this interface
9301** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9302** for a particular application.
9303*/
9304int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9305
9306/*
9307** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9308** METHOD: sqlite3
9309**
9310** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9311** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9312**
9313** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9314** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9315** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9316** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9317** information.
9318**
9319** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9320** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9321** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9322** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9323** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9324** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9325*/
9326int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9327
9328/*
9329** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9330** METHOD: sqlite3
9331**
9332** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9333** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9334** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9335** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9336**
9337** <dl>
9338** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9339**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9340**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9341**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9342**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9343**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9344**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9345**
9346** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9347**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9348**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9349**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9350**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9351**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9352**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9353**
9354** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9355**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9356**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9357**   [busy-handler callback])
9358**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9359**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9360**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9361**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9362**
9363** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9364**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9365**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9366**   to a successful return.
9367** </dl>
9368**
9369** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9370** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9371** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9372** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9373** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9374** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9375** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9376** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9377** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9378**
9379** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9380** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9381** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9382** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9383**
9384** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9385** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9386** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9387** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9388** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9389** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9390** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9391** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9392** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9393** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9394**
9395** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9396** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9397** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9398** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9399** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9400** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9401** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9402** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9403** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9404** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9405** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9406**
9407** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9408** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9409** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9410** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9411**
9412** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9413** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9414** sets the error information that is queried by
9415** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9416**
9417** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9418** from SQL.
9419*/
9420int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9421  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9422  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9423  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9424  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9425  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9426);
9427
9428/*
9429** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9430** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9431**
9432** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9433** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9434** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9435** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9436*/
9437#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9438#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9439#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for readers */
9440#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9441
9442/*
9443** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9444**
9445** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9446** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9447** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9448**
9449** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9450** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9451**
9452** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9453** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9454** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9455** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9456** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9457** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9458** is used.
9459*/
9460int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9461
9462/*
9463** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9464** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9465** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9466**
9467** These macros define the various options to the
9468** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9469** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9470**
9471** <dl>
9472** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9473** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
9474** <dd>Calls of the form
9475** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
9476** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
9477** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
9478** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
9479** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
9480** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
9481** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
9482** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
9483**
9484** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
9485** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
9486** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
9487** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
9488** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
9489** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
9490** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
9491** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
9492** had been ABORT.
9493**
9494** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
9495** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
9496** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
9497** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
9498** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
9499** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
9500** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
9501** constraint handling.
9502** </dd>
9503**
9504** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
9505** <dd>Calls of the form
9506** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
9507** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9508** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
9509** views.
9510** </dd>
9511**
9512** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
9513** <dd>Calls of the form
9514** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
9515** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9516** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
9517** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
9518** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
9519** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
9520** flag unless absolutely necessary.
9521** </dd>
9522** </dl>
9523*/
9524#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
9525#define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
9526#define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
9527
9528/*
9529** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
9530**
9531** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
9532** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
9533** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
9534** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9535** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
9536** [virtual table].
9537*/
9538int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
9539
9540/*
9541** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
9542**
9543** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
9544** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
9545** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
9546** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
9547** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
9548** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
9549** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
9550**
9551** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
9552** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
9553** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
9554** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
9555** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
9556** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
9557**
9558** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
9559** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
9560** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
9561** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
9562** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
9563*/
9564int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
9565
9566/*
9567** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
9568** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9569**
9570** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
9571** method of a [virtual table].  This function returns a pointer to a string
9572** that is the name of the appropriate collation sequence to use for text
9573** comparisons on the constraint identified by its arguments.
9574**
9575** The first argument must be the pointer to the [sqlite3_index_info] object
9576** that is the first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument
9577** must be an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the
9578** sqlite3_index_info structure passed to xBestIndex.
9579**
9580** Important:
9581** The first parameter must be the same pointer that is passed into the
9582** xBestMethod() method.  The first parameter may not be a pointer to a
9583** different [sqlite3_index_info] object, even an exact copy.
9584**
9585** The return value is computed as follows:
9586**
9587** <ol>
9588** <li><p> If the constraint comes from a WHERE clause expression that contains
9589**         a [COLLATE operator], then the name of the collation specified by
9590**         that COLLATE operator is returned.
9591** <li><p> If there is no COLLATE operator, but the column that is the subject
9592**         of the constraint specifies an alternative collating sequence via
9593**         a [COLLATE clause] on the column definition within the CREATE TABLE
9594**         statement that was passed into [sqlite3_declare_vtab()], then the
9595**         name of that alternative collating sequence is returned.
9596** <li><p> Otherwise, "BINARY" is returned.
9597** </ol>
9598*/
9599SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9600
9601/*
9602** CAPI3REF: Determine if a virtual table query is DISTINCT
9603** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9604**
9605** This API may only be used from within an [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
9606** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this
9607** interface from outside of xBestIndex() is undefined and probably harmful.
9608**
9609** ^The sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns an integer between 0 and
9610** 3.  The integer returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct()
9611** gives the virtual table additional information about how the query
9612** planner wants the output to be ordered. As long as the virtual table
9613** can meet the ordering requirements of the query planner, it may set
9614** the "orderByConsumed" flag.
9615**
9616** <ol><li value="0"><p>
9617** ^If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 0, that means
9618** that the query planner needs the virtual table to return all rows in the
9619** sort order defined by the "nOrderBy" and "aOrderBy" fields of the
9620** [sqlite3_index_info] object.  This is the default expectation.  If the
9621** virtual table outputs all rows in sorted order, then it is always safe for
9622** the xBestIndex method to set the "orderByConsumed" flag, regardless of
9623** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_distinct().
9624** <li value="1"><p>
9625** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 1, that means
9626** that the query planner does not need the rows to be returned in sorted order
9627** as long as all rows with the same values in all columns identified by the
9628** "aOrderBy" field are adjacent.)^  This mode is used when the query planner
9629** is doing a GROUP BY.
9630** <li value="2"><p>
9631** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
9632** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
9633** order, as long as rows with the same values in all "aOrderBy" columns
9634** are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, only a single row for each particular
9635** combination of values in the columns identified by the "aOrderBy" field
9636** needs to be returned.)^  ^It is always ok for two or more rows with the same
9637** values in all "aOrderBy" columns to be returned, as long as all such rows
9638** are adjacent.  ^The virtual table may, if it chooses, omit extra rows
9639** that have the same value for all columns identified by "aOrderBy".
9640** ^However omitting the extra rows is optional.
9641** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
9642** <li value="3"><p>
9643** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means
9644** that the query planner needs only distinct rows but it does need the
9645** rows to be sorted.)^ ^The virtual table implementation is free to omit
9646** rows that are identical in all aOrderBy columns, if it wants to, but
9647** it is not required to omit any rows.  This mode is used for queries
9648** that have both DISTINCT and ORDER BY clauses.
9649** </ol>
9650**
9651** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
9652** values are same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
9653** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
9654** (or "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM") and not "==".
9655**
9656** If a virtual table implementation is unable to meet the requirements
9657** specified above, then it must not set the "orderByConsumed" flag in the
9658** [sqlite3_index_info] object or an incorrect answer may result.
9659**
9660** ^A virtual table implementation is always free to return rows in any order
9661** it wants, as long as the "orderByConsumed" flag is not set.  ^When the
9662** the "orderByConsumed" flag is unset, the query planner will add extra
9663** [bytecode] to ensure that the final results returned by the SQL query are
9664** ordered correctly.  The use of the "orderByConsumed" flag and the
9665** sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface is merely an optimization.  ^Careful
9666** use of the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface and the "orderByConsumed"
9667** flag might help queries against a virtual table to run faster.  Being
9668** overly aggressive and setting the "orderByConsumed" flag when it is not
9669** valid to do so, on the other hand, might cause SQLite to return incorrect
9670** results.
9671*/
9672int sqlite3_vtab_distinct(sqlite3_index_info*);
9673
9674/*
9675** CAPI3REF: Identify and handle IN constraints in xBestIndex
9676**
9677** This interface may only be used from within an
9678** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
9679** The result of invoking this interface from any other context is
9680** undefined and probably harmful.
9681**
9682** ^(A constraint on a virtual table of the form
9683** "[IN operator|column IN (...)]" is
9684** communicated to the xBestIndex method as a
9685** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ] constraint.)^  If xBestIndex wants to use
9686** this constraint, it must set the corresponding
9687** aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex to a postive integer.  ^(Then, under
9688** the usual mode of handling IN operators, SQLite generates [bytecode]
9689** that invokes the [xFilter|xFilter() method] once for each value
9690** on the right-hand side of the IN operator.)^  Thus the virtual table
9691** only sees a single value from the right-hand side of the IN operator
9692** at a time.
9693**
9694** In some cases, however, it would be advantageous for the virtual
9695** table to see all values on the right-hand of the IN operator all at
9696** once.  The sqlite3_vtab_in() interfaces facilitates this in two ways:
9697**
9698** <ol>
9699** <li><p>
9700**   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,-1) will return true (non-zero)
9701**   if and only if the [sqlite3_index_info|P->aConstraint][N] constraint
9702**   is an [IN operator] that can be processed all at once.  ^In other words,
9703**   sqlite3_vtab_in() with -1 in the third argument is a mechanism
9704**   by which the virtual table can ask SQLite if all-at-once processing
9705**   of the IN operator is even possible.
9706**
9707** <li><p>
9708**   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) with F==1 or F==0 indicates
9709**   to SQLite that the virtual table does or does not want to process
9710**   the IN operator all-at-once, respectively.  ^Thus when the third
9711**   parameter (F) is non-negative, this interface is the mechanism by
9712**   which the virtual table tells SQLite how it wants to process the
9713**   IN operator.
9714** </ol>
9715**
9716** ^The sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) interface can be invoked multiple times
9717** within the same xBestIndex method call.  ^For any given P,N pair,
9718** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) will always be the same
9719** within the same xBestIndex call.  ^If the interface returns true
9720** (non-zero), that means that the constraint is an IN operator
9721** that can be processed all-at-once.  ^If the constraint is not an IN
9722** operator or cannot be processed all-at-once, then the interface returns
9723** false.
9724**
9725** ^(All-at-once processing of the IN operator is selected if both of the
9726** following conditions are met:
9727**
9728** <ol>
9729** <li><p> The P->aConstraintUsage[N].argvIndex value is set to a positive
9730** integer.  This is how the virtual table tells SQLite that it wants to
9731** use the N-th constraint.
9732**
9733** <li><p> The last call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) for which F was
9734** non-negative had F>=1.
9735** </ol>)^
9736**
9737** ^If either or both of the conditions above are false, then SQLite uses
9738** the traditional one-at-a-time processing strategy for the IN constraint.
9739** ^If both conditions are true, then the argvIndex-th parameter to the
9740** xFilter method will be an [sqlite3_value] that appears to be NULL,
9741** but which can be passed to [sqlite3_vtab_in_first()] and
9742** [sqlite3_vtab_in_next()] to find all values on the right-hand side
9743** of the IN constraint.
9744*/
9745int sqlite3_vtab_in(sqlite3_index_info*, int iCons, int bHandle);
9746
9747/*
9748** CAPI3REF: Find all elements on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
9749**
9750** These interfaces are only useful from within the
9751** [xFilter|xFilter() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
9752** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
9753** is undefined and probably harmful.
9754**
9755** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
9756** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) must be one of the parameters to the
9757** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
9758** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
9759** processing use the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
9760** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
9761** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
9762** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_MISUSE])^ or perhaps
9763** exhibit some other undefined or harmful behavior.
9764**
9765** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
9766** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
9767**
9768** <blockquote><pre>
9769** &nbsp;  for(rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_first(pList, &pVal);
9770** &nbsp;      rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal
9771** &nbsp;      rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_next(pList, &pVal)
9772** &nbsp;  ){
9773** &nbsp;    // do something with pVal
9774** &nbsp;  }
9775** &nbsp;  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
9776** &nbsp;    // an error has occurred
9777** &nbsp;  }
9778** </pre></blockquote>)^
9779**
9780** ^On success, the sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) and sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P)
9781** routines return SQLITE_OK and set *P to point to the first or next value
9782** on the RHS of the IN constraint.  ^If there are no more values on the
9783** right hand side of the IN constraint, then *P is set to NULL and these
9784** routines return [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The return value might be
9785** some other value, such as SQLITE_NOMEM, in the event of a malfunction.
9786**
9787** The *ppOut values returned by these routines are only valid until the
9788** next call to either of these routines or until the end of the xFilter
9789** method from which these routines were called.  If the virtual table
9790** implementation needs to retain the *ppOut values for longer, it must make
9791** copies.  The *ppOut values are [protected sqlite3_value|protected].
9792*/
9793int sqlite3_vtab_in_first(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
9794int sqlite3_vtab_in_next(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
9795
9796/*
9797** CAPI3REF: Constraint values in xBestIndex()
9798** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
9799**
9800** This API may only be used from within the [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
9801** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this interface
9802** from outside of an xBestIndex method are undefined and probably harmful.
9803**
9804** ^When the sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface is invoked from within
9805** the [xBestIndex] method of a [virtual table] implementation, with P being
9806** a copy of the [sqlite3_index_info] object pointer passed into xBestIndex and
9807** J being a 0-based index into P->aConstraint[], then this routine
9808** attempts to set *V to the value of the right-hand operand of
9809** that constraint if the right-hand operand is known.  ^If the
9810** right-hand operand is not known, then *V is set to a NULL pointer.
9811** ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface returns SQLITE_OK if
9812** and only if *V is set to a value.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V)
9813** inteface returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND if the right-hand side of the J-th
9814** constraint is not available.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface
9815** can return an result code other than SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if
9816** something goes wrong.
9817**
9818** The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface is usually only successful if
9819** the right-hand operand of a constraint is a literal value in the original
9820** SQL statement.  If the right-hand operand is an expression or a reference
9821** to some other column or a [host parameter], then sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()
9822** will probably return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND].
9823**
9824** ^(Some constraints, such as [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL] and
9825** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL], have no right-hand operand.  For such
9826** constraints, sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() always returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND.)^
9827**
9828** ^The [sqlite3_value] object returned in *V is a protected sqlite3_value
9829** and remains valid for the duration of the xBestIndex method call.
9830** ^When xBestIndex returns, the sqlite3_value object returned by
9831** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() is automatically deallocated.
9832**
9833** The "_rhs_" in the name of this routine is an abbreviation for
9834** "Right-Hand Side".
9835*/
9836int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(sqlite3_index_info*, int, sqlite3_value **ppVal);
9837
9838/*
9839** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
9840** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
9841**
9842** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
9843** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9844** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9845**
9846** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9847** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9848** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9849*/
9850#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9851/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9852#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9853/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9854#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9855
9856/*
9857** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9858** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9859**
9860** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9861** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9862** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9863**
9864** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9865** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9866** S is finalized.
9867**
9868** <dl>
9869** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9870** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9871** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9872**
9873** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9874** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9875** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9876**
9877** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9878** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9879** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9880** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9881** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9882** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9883** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9884**
9885** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9886** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9887** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9888** used for the X-th loop.
9889**
9890** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9891** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9892** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9893** description for the X-th loop.
9894**
9895** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9896** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9897** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9898** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9899** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9900** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9901** </dl>
9902*/
9903#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9904#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9905#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9906#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9907#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9908#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9909
9910/*
9911** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9912** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9913**
9914** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9915** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9916** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9917** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9918**
9919** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9920** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9921** compile-time option.
9922**
9923** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9924** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9925** of this interface is undefined.
9926** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9927** the "pOut" parameter.
9928** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9929** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9930** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9931** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9932** points to is unchanged.
9933**
9934** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9935** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9936** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9937** that pOut points to unchanged.
9938**
9939** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9940*/
9941int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9942  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9943  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9944  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9945  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9946);
9947
9948/*
9949** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9950** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9951**
9952** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9953**
9954** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9955** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9956*/
9957void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9958
9959/*
9960** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9961** METHOD: sqlite3
9962**
9963** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9964** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9965** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9966** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9967** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9968** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9969** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9970** any [attached] databases.
9971**
9972** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9973** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9974** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9975** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9976** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9977** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9978** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9979** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9980**
9981** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9982** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9983** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9984**
9985** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9986**
9987** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9988** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9989*/
9990int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9991
9992/*
9993** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9994** METHOD: sqlite3
9995**
9996** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9997** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9998**
9999** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
10000** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
10001** on a database table.
10002** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
10003** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
10004** the previous setting.
10005** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
10006** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
10007** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
10008** the first parameter to callbacks.
10009**
10010** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
10011** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
10012** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
10013**
10014** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
10015** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
10016** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
10017** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
10018** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
10019** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10020** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
10021** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
10022** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
10023** databases.)^
10024** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10025** table that is being modified.
10026**
10027** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
10028** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
10029** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
10030** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
10031** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
10032** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
10033** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
10034** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
10035** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
10036**
10037** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
10038** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
10039** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
10040** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
10041** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
10042** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
10043** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
10044** behavior.
10045**
10046** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
10047** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
10048**
10049** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10050** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10051** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10052** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10053** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
10054** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
10055** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10056** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10057**
10058** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10059** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10060** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10061** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10062** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
10063** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
10064** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10065** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10066**
10067** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
10068** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
10069** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
10070** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
10071** triggers; and so forth.
10072**
10073** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
10074** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE. This is because the
10075** in this case the new values are not available. In this case, when a
10076** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actuall a write using the
10077** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
10078** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
10079** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
10080** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
10081**
10082** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
10083*/
10084#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
10085void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
10086  sqlite3 *db,
10087  void(*xPreUpdate)(
10088    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
10089    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
10090    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
10091    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
10092    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
10093    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
10094    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
10095  ),
10096  void*
10097);
10098int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10099int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
10100int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
10101int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10102int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *);
10103#endif
10104
10105/*
10106** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
10107** METHOD: sqlite3
10108**
10109** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
10110** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
10111** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
10112** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
10113** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
10114** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
10115*/
10116int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
10117
10118/*
10119** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
10120** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
10121**
10122** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
10123** database for some specific point in history.
10124**
10125** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
10126** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
10127** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
10128** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
10129** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
10130** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
10131** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
10132**
10133** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
10134** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
10135** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
10136** the most recent version.
10137*/
10138typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
10139  unsigned char hidden[48];
10140} sqlite3_snapshot;
10141
10142/*
10143** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
10144** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10145**
10146** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
10147** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
10148** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
10149** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
10150** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
10151** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
10152** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
10153**
10154** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
10155** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
10156** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
10157** in this case.
10158**
10159** <ul>
10160**   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
10161**
10162**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
10163**
10164**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
10165**        connection D.
10166**
10167**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
10168**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
10169**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
10170**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
10171**        must be written to it first.
10172** </ul>
10173**
10174** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
10175** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
10176** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
10177**
10178** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
10179** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
10180** to avoid a memory leak.
10181**
10182** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
10183** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10184*/
10185SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
10186  sqlite3 *db,
10187  const char *zSchema,
10188  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
10189);
10190
10191/*
10192** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
10193** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10194**
10195** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
10196** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
10197** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
10198** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
10199** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
10200** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
10201**
10202** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
10203** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
10204** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
10205** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
10206** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
10207** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
10208** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
10209**
10210** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
10211** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
10212** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
10213**
10214** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
10215** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
10216** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
10217** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
10218** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
10219** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
10220** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
10221**
10222** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
10223** database connection D does not know that the database file for
10224** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
10225** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
10226** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
10227** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
10228** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
10229** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
10230**
10231** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
10232** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10233*/
10234SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
10235  sqlite3 *db,
10236  const char *zSchema,
10237  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
10238);
10239
10240/*
10241** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
10242** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10243**
10244** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
10245** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
10246** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
10247**
10248** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
10249** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10250*/
10251SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
10252
10253/*
10254** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
10255** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10256**
10257** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
10258** of two valid snapshot handles.
10259**
10260** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
10261** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
10262**
10263** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
10264** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
10265** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
10266** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
10267** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
10268** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
10269** is undefined.
10270**
10271** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
10272** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
10273** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
10274**
10275** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10276** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10277*/
10278SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
10279  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
10280  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
10281);
10282
10283/*
10284** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
10285** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10286**
10287** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
10288** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
10289** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
10290** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
10291** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
10292** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
10293** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
10294**
10295** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
10296** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
10297** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
10298** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
10299** database.
10300**
10301** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
10302**
10303** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10304** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10305*/
10306SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
10307
10308/*
10309** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
10310**
10311** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
10312** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
10313** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
10314** is written into *P.
10315**
10316** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
10317** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
10318** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
10319** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
10320**
10321** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
10322** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
10323** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
10324** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
10325** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
10326** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
10327** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
10328** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
10329** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
10330** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
10331** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
10332** values of D and S.
10333** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
10334** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
10335** of the database exists.
10336**
10337** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
10338** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
10339** allocation error occurs.
10340**
10341** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
10342** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
10343*/
10344unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
10345  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
10346  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
10347  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
10348  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
10349);
10350
10351/*
10352** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
10353**
10354** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
10355** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
10356**
10357** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
10358** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
10359** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
10360** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
10361** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
10362** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
10363** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
10364*/
10365#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
10366
10367/*
10368** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
10369**
10370** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
10371** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
10372** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
10373** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
10374** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
10375** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
10376** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
10377** size does not exceed M bytes.
10378**
10379** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
10380** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
10381** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
10382** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
10383** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
10384**
10385** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
10386** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
10387** operation.
10388**
10389** It is not possible to deserialized into the TEMP database.  If the
10390** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
10391** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
10392**
10393** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
10394** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
10395** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
10396**
10397** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
10398** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
10399*/
10400int sqlite3_deserialize(
10401  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
10402  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
10403  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
10404  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
10405  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
10406  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
10407);
10408
10409/*
10410** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
10411**
10412** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
10413** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
10414**
10415** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
10416** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
10417** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
10418** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
10419** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
10420**
10421** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
10422** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
10423** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
10424** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
10425** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
10426**
10427** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
10428** should be treated as read-only.
10429*/
10430#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
10431#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
10432#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
10433
10434/*
10435** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
10436** builds on processors without floating point support.
10437*/
10438#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
10439# undef double
10440#endif
10441
10442#ifdef __cplusplus
10443}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
10444#endif
10445#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
10446