xref: /sqlite-3.40.0/src/sqlite.h.in (revision cdf88760)
1/*
2** 2001-09-15
3**
4** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6**
7**    May you do good and not evil.
8**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10**
11*************************************************************************
12** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17**
18** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23**
24** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27**
28** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31** part of the build process.
32*/
33#ifndef SQLITE3_H
34#define SQLITE3_H
35#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36
37/*
38** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39*/
40#ifdef __cplusplus
41extern "C" {
42#endif
43
44
45/*
46** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47*/
48#ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49# define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50#endif
51#ifndef SQLITE_API
52# define SQLITE_API
53#endif
54#ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55# define SQLITE_CDECL
56#endif
57#ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58# define SQLITE_APICALL
59#endif
60#ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61# define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62#endif
63#ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64# define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65#endif
66#ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67# define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68#endif
69
70/*
71** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76**
77** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81** noop macros.
82*/
83#define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84#define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85
86/*
87** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88*/
89#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90# undef SQLITE_VERSION
91#endif
92#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94#endif
95
96/*
97** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98**
99** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109** and Z will be reset to zero.
110**
111** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121**
122** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125*/
126#define SQLITE_VERSION        "--VERS--"
127#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--
128#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "--SOURCE-ID--"
129
130/*
131** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133**
134** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140** compiled with matching library and header files.
141**
142** <blockquote><pre>
143** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146** </pre></blockquote>)^
147**
148** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159**
160** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161*/
162SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166
167/*
168** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169**
170** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174**
175** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181**
182** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185**
186** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188*/
189#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192#endif
193
194/*
195** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
196**
197** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
198** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
199** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
200**
201** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
202** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
203** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
204** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
205** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
206** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
207**
208** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
209** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
210** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
211** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
212**
213** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
214** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
215** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
216**
217** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
218** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
219** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
220** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
221** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
222** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
223** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
224** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
225** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
226** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
227**
228** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
229*/
230int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
231
232/*
233** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
234** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
235**
236** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
237** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
238** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
239** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
240** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
241** interfaces (such as
242** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
243** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
244** sqlite3 object.
245*/
246typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
247
248/*
249** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
250** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
251**
252** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
253** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
254**
255** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
256** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
257** compatibility only.
258**
259** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
260** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
261** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
262** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
263*/
264#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
265  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
266# ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
267    typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
268# else
269    typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
270# endif
271#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
272  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
273  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
274#else
275  typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
276  typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
277#endif
278typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
279typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
280
281/*
282** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
283** substitute integer for floating-point.
284*/
285#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
286# define double sqlite3_int64
287#endif
288
289/*
290** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
291** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
292**
293** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
294** for the [sqlite3] object.
295** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
296** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
297** resources are deallocated.
298**
299** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
300** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
301** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
302** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
303** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
304** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
305** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
306** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
307** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
308** destructors are called is arbitrary.
309**
310** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
311** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
312** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
313** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
314** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
315** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
316** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
317** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
318** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
319**
320** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
321** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
322**
323** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
324** must be either a NULL
325** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
326** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
327** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
328** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
329** argument is a harmless no-op.
330*/
331int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
332int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
333
334/*
335** The type for a callback function.
336** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
337** compatibility and is not documented.
338*/
339typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
340
341/*
342** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
343** METHOD: sqlite3
344**
345** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
346** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
347** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
348** without having to use a lot of C code.
349**
350** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
351** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
352** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
353** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
354** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
355** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
356** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
357** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
358** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
359** ignored.
360**
361** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
362** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
363** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
364** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
365** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
366** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
367** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
368** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
369** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
370** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
371** NULL before returning.
372**
373** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
374** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
375** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
376**
377** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
378** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
379** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
380** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
381** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
382** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
383** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
384** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
385** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
386**
387** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
388** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
389** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
390** is not changed.
391**
392** Restrictions:
393**
394** <ul>
395** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
396**      is a valid and open [database connection].
397** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
398**      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
399** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
400**      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
401** </ul>
402*/
403int sqlite3_exec(
404  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
405  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
406  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
407  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
408  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
409);
410
411/*
412** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
413** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
414**
415** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
416** here in order to indicate success or failure.
417**
418** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
419**
420** See also: [extended result code definitions]
421*/
422#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
423/* beginning-of-error-codes */
424#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
425#define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
426#define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
427#define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
428#define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
429#define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
430#define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
431#define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
432#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
433#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
434#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
435#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
436#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
437#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
438#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
439#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
440#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
441#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
442#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
443#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
444#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
445#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
446#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
447#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
448#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
449#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
450#define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
451#define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
452#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
453#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
454/* end-of-error-codes */
455
456/*
457** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
458** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
459**
460** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
461** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
462** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
463** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
464** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
465** and later) include
466** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
467** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
468** on a per database connection basis using the
469** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
470** the most recent error can be obtained using
471** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
472*/
473#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
474#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
475#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487#define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488#define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489#define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490#define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502#define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503#define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504#define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505#define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
507#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
508#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
509#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
510#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
511#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
512#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
513#define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
514#define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
515#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
516#define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
517#define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
518#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
519#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
520#define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
521#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
522#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
523#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
524#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
525#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
526#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
527#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
528#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
529#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
530#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
531#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
532#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
533#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
534#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
535#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
536
537/*
538** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
539**
540** These bit values are intended for use in the
541** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
542** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
543*/
544#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
545#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
546#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
547#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
548#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
549#define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
550#define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
551#define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
552#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
553#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
554#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
555#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
556#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
557#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
558#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
559#define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
560#define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561#define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562#define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
563#define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
564
565/* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
566
567/*
568** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
569**
570** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
571** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
572** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
573** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
574** refers to.
575**
576** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
577** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
578** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
579** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
580** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
581** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
582** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
583** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
584** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
585** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
586** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
587** file that were written at the application level might have changed
588** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
589** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
590** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
591** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
592** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
593** elevated privileges.
594**
595** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
596** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
597** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
598** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
599*/
600#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
601#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
602#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
603#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
604#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
605#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
606#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
607#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
608#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
609#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
610#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
611#define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
612#define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
613#define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
614#define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
615
616/*
617** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
618**
619** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
620** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
621** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
622*/
623#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
624#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
625#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
626#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
627#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
628
629/*
630** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
631**
632** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
633** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
634** these integer values as the second argument.
635**
636** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
637** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
638** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
639** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
640** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
641** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
642**
643** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
644** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
645** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
646** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
647** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
648** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
649** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
650** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
651** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
652** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
653** cares about the difference.)
654*/
655#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
656#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
657#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
658
659/*
660** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
661**
662** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
663** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
664** implementations will
665** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
666** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
667** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
668** I/O operations on the open file.
669*/
670typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
671struct sqlite3_file {
672  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
673};
674
675/*
676** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
677**
678** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
679** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
680** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
681** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
682** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
683**
684** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
685** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
686** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
687** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
688** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
689** to NULL.
690**
691** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
692** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
693** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
694** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
695** and not its inode needs to be synced.
696**
697** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
698** <ul>
699** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
700** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
701** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
702** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
703** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
704** </ul>
705** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
706** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
707** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
708** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
709** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
710**
711** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
712** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
713** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
714** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
715** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
716** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
717** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
718** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
719** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
720** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
721** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
722** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
723** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
724** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
725** recognize.
726**
727** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
728** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
729** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
730** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
731** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
732** underlying device:
733**
734** <ul>
735** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
736** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
737** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
738** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
739** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
740** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
741** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
742** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
743** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
744** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
745** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
746** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
747** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
748** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
749** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
750** </ul>
751**
752** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
753** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
754** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
755** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
756** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
757** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
758** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
759** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
760** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
761** to xWrite().
762**
763** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
764** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
765** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
766** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
767** database corruption.
768*/
769typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
770struct sqlite3_io_methods {
771  int iVersion;
772  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
773  int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
774  int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
775  int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
776  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
777  int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
778  int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
779  int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
780  int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
781  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
782  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
783  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
784  /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
785  int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
786  int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
787  void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
788  int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
789  /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
790  int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
791  int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
792  /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
793  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
794};
795
796/*
797** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
798** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
799**
800** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
801** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
802** interface.
803**
804** <ul>
805** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
806** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
807** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
808** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
809** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
810** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
811** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
812** compile-time option is used.
813**
814** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
815** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
816** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
817** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
818** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
819** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
820** file run faster.
821**
822** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
823** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
824** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
825** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
826** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
827** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
828** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
829** improve performance on some systems.
830**
831** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
832** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
833** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
834** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
835**
836** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
837** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
838** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
839** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
840** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
841**
842** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
843** No longer in use.
844**
845** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
846** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
847** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
848** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
849** because the user has configured SQLite with
850** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
851** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
852** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
853** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
854** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
855** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
856** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
857** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
858**
859** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
860** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
861** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
862** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
863** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
864** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
865** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
866**
867** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
868** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
869** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
870** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
871** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
872** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
873** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
874** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
875** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
876** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
877** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
878** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
879** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
880** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
881** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
882** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
883**
884** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
885** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
886** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
887** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
888** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
889** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
890** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
891** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
892** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
893** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
894** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
895** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
896** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
897** WAL persistence setting.
898**
899** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
900** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
901** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
902** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
903** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
904** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
905** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
906** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
907** zero-damage mode setting.
908**
909** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
910** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
911** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
912** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
913** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
914**
915** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
916** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
917** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
918** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
919** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
920** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
921** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
922** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
923** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
924** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
925** is intended for diagnostic use only.
926**
927** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
928** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
929** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
930** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
931** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
932** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
933** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
934** upper-most shim only.
935**
936** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
937** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
938** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
939** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
940** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
941** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
942** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
943** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
944** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
945** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
946** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
947** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
948** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
949** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
950** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
951** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
952** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
953** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
954** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
955** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
956** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
957** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
958** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
959** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
960**
961** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
962** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
963** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
964** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
965** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
966** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
967** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
968** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
969** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
970** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
971** current operation.
972**
973** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
974** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
975** to have SQLite generate a
976** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
977** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
978** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
979** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
980** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
981**
982** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
983** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
984** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
985** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
986** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
987** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
988** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
989** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
990** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
991**
992** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
993** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
994** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
995** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
996** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
997** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
998** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
999**
1000** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1001** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1002** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1003** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1004** was first opened.
1005**
1006** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1007** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1008** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1009** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1010** writes the resulting value there.
1011**
1012** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1013** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1014** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1015** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1016** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1017**
1018** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1019** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1020** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1021** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1022** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1023** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1024**
1025** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1026** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1027** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1028**
1029** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1030** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1031** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1032** this opcode.
1033**
1034** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1035** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1036** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1037** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1038** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1039** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1040** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1041** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1042** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1043** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1044** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1045** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1046**
1047** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1048** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1049** operations since the previous successful call to
1050** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1051** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1052** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1053** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1054** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1055** write operations are independent.
1056** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1057** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1058**
1059** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1060** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1061** operations since the previous successful call to
1062** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1063** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1064** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1065** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1066** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1067**
1068** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1069** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode causes attempts to obtain
1070** a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS to wait
1071** for up to M milliseconds before failing, where M is the single
1072** unsigned integer parameter.
1073** </ul>
1074*/
1075#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1076#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1077#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1078#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1079#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1080#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1081#define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1082#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1083#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1084#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1085#define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1086#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1087#define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1088#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1089#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1090#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1091#define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1092#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1093#define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1094#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1095#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1096#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1097#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1098#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1099#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1100#define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1101#define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1102#define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1103#define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1104#define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1105#define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1106#define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1107#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1108
1109/* deprecated names */
1110#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1111#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1112#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1113
1114
1115/*
1116** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1117**
1118** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1119** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1120** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1121** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1122**
1123** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1124*/
1125typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1126
1127/*
1128** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1129**
1130** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1131** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1132** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1133** on some platforms.
1134*/
1135typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1136
1137/*
1138** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1139**
1140** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1141** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1142** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1143** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1144**
1145** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1146** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1147** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1148** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1149** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1150** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1151** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1152** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1153** Note that the structure
1154** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
1155** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1156** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
1157**
1158** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1159** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1160** a pathname in this VFS.
1161**
1162** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1163** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1164** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1165** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1166** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1167** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1168**
1169** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1170** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1171** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1172** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1173** object once the object has been registered.
1174**
1175** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1176** be unique across all VFS modules.
1177**
1178** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1179** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1180** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1181** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1182** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1183** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1184** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1185** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1186** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1187** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1188** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1189** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1190** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1191** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1192** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1193** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1194**
1195** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1196** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1197** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1198** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1199** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1200** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1201**
1202** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1203** call, depending on the object being opened:
1204**
1205** <ul>
1206** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1207** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1208** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1209** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1210** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1211** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1212** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1213** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1214** </ul>)^
1215**
1216** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1217** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1218** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1219** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1220** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1221** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1222** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1223** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1224**
1225** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1226**
1227** <ul>
1228** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1229** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1230** </ul>
1231**
1232** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1233** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1234** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1235** databases, and subjournals.
1236**
1237** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1238** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1239** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1240** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1241** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1242** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1243** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1244** for exclusive access.
1245**
1246** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1247** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1248** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1249** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1250** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1251** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1252** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1253** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1254** or failure of the xOpen call.
1255**
1256** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1257** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1258** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1259** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1260** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1261** directory.
1262**
1263** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1264** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1265** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1266** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1267** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1268** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1269**
1270** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1271** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1272** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1273** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1274** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1275** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1276** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1277** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1278** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1279** a floating point value.
1280** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1281** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1282** a 24-hour day).
1283** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1284** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1285** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1286** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1287**
1288** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1289** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1290** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1291** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1292** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1293** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1294** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1295** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1296** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1297** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1298** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1299*/
1300typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1301typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1302struct sqlite3_vfs {
1303  int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1304  int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1305  int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1306  sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1307  const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1308  void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1309  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1310               int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1311  int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1312  int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1313  int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1314  void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1315  void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1316  void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1317  void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1318  int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1319  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1320  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1321  int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1322  /*
1323  ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1324  ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1325  */
1326  int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1327  /*
1328  ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1329  ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1330  */
1331  int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1332  sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1333  const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1334  /*
1335  ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1336  ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1337  ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1338  */
1339};
1340
1341/*
1342** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1343**
1344** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1345** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1346** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1347** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1348** simply checks whether the file exists.
1349** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1350** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1351** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1352** the directory).
1353** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1354** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1355** release of SQLite.
1356** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1357** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1358** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1359** SQLite.
1360*/
1361#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1362#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1363#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1364
1365/*
1366** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1367**
1368** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1369** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1370** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1371** xShmLock method:
1372**
1373** <ul>
1374** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1375** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1376** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1377** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1378** </ul>
1379**
1380** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1381** was given on the corresponding lock.
1382**
1383** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1384** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1385** and EXCLUSIVE.
1386*/
1387#define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1388#define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1389#define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1390#define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1391
1392/*
1393** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1394**
1395** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1396** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1397** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1398** lock outside of this range
1399*/
1400#define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1401
1402
1403/*
1404** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1405**
1406** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1407** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1408** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1409** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1410** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1411** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1412**
1413** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1414** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1415** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1416** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1417** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1418** are harmless no-ops.)^
1419**
1420** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1421** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1422** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1423** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1424**
1425** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1426** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1427** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1428** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1429** sqlite3_shutdown().
1430**
1431** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1432** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1433** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1434**
1435** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1436** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1437** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1438** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1439**
1440** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1441** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1442** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1443** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1444** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1445** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1446** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1447** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1448** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1449** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1450** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1451** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1452** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1453** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1454**
1455** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1456** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1457** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1458** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1459** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1460** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1461** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1462**
1463** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1464** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1465** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1466** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1467** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1468** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1469** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1470** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1471** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1472** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1473** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1474** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1475** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1476** failure.
1477*/
1478int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1479int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1480int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1481int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1482
1483/*
1484** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1485**
1486** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1487** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1488** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1489** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1490** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1491**
1492** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1493** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1494** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1495**
1496** The sqlite3_config() interface
1497** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1498** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1499** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1500** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1501** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1502** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1503**
1504** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1505** [configuration option] that determines
1506** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1507** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1508** in the first argument.
1509**
1510** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1511** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1512** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1513*/
1514int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1515
1516/*
1517** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1518** METHOD: sqlite3
1519**
1520** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1521** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1522** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1523** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1524**
1525** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1526** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1527** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1528** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1529**
1530** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1531** the call is considered successful.
1532*/
1533int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1534
1535/*
1536** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1537**
1538** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1539** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1540**
1541** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1542** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1543** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1544** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1545** By creating an instance of this object
1546** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1547** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1548** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1549** dynamic memory needs.
1550**
1551** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1552** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1553** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1554** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1555** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1556** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1557** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1558** conditions.
1559**
1560** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1561** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1562** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1563** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1564**
1565** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1566** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1567** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1568**
1569** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1570** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1571** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1572** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1573** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1574** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1575** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1576**
1577** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1578** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1579** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1580** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1581** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1582** xInit and xShutdown.
1583**
1584** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1585** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1586** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1587** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1588** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1589** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1590** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1591** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1592** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1593** serialization.
1594**
1595** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1596** call to xShutdown().
1597*/
1598typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1599struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1600  void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1601  void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1602  void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1603  int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1604  int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1605  int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1606  void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1607  void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1608};
1609
1610/*
1611** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1612** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1613**
1614** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1615** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1616**
1617** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1618** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1619** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1620** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1621** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1622** is invoked.
1623**
1624** <dl>
1625** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1626** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1627** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1628** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1629** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1630** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1631** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1632** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1633** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1634** configuration option.</dd>
1635**
1636** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1637** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1638** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1639** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1640** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1641** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1642** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1643** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1644** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1645** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1646** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1647** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1648** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1649**
1650** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1651** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1652** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1653** all mutexes including the recursive
1654** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1655** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1656** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1657** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1658** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1659** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1660** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1661** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1662** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1663** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1664** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1665**
1666** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1667** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1668** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1669** The argument specifies
1670** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1671** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1672** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1673** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1674**
1675** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1676** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1677** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1678** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1679** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1680** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1681** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1682** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1683**
1684** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1685** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1686** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1687** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1688** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1689** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1690** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1691** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1692** </dd>
1693**
1694** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1695** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1696** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1697** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1698** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1699**   <ul>
1700**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1701**   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1702**   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1703**   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1704**   </ul>)^
1705** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1706** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1707** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1708** </dd>
1709**
1710** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1711** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1712** </dd>
1713**
1714** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1715** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1716** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1717** cache implementation.
1718** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1719** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1720** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1721** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1722** and the number of cache lines (N).
1723** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1724** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1725** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1726** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1727** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1728** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1729** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1730** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1731** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1732** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1733** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1734** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1735** is exhausted.
1736** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1737** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1738** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1739** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1740** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1741** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1742** additional cache line. </dd>
1743**
1744** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1745** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1746** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1747** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1748** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1749** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1750** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1751** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1752** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1753** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1754** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1755** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1756** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1757** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1758** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1759** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1760** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1761** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1762** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1763**
1764** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1765** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1766** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1767** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1768** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1769** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1770** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1771** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1772** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1773** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1774** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1775**
1776** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1777** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1778** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1779** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1780** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1781** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1782** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1783** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1784** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1785** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1786** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1787** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1788**
1789** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1790** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1791** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1792** The first argument is the
1793** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1794** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1795** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1796** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1797** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1798**
1799** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1800** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1801** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1802** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1803** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1804**
1805** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1806** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1807** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1808** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1809**
1810** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1811** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1812** global [error log].
1813** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1814** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1815** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1816** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1817** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1818** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1819** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1820** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1821** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1822** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1823** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1824** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1825** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1826** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1827** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1828** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1829**
1830** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1831** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1832** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1833** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1834** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1835** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1836** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1837** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1838** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1839** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1840** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1841** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1842** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1843**
1844** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1845** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1846** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1847** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1848** ^The default setting is determined
1849** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1850** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1851** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1852** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1853** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1854** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1855** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1856**
1857** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1858** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1859** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1860** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1861** </dd>
1862**
1863** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1864** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1865** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1866** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1867** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1868** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1869** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1870** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1871** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1872** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1873** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1874** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1875** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1876** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1877** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1878** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1879**
1880** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1881** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1882** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1883** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1884** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1885** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1886** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1887** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1888** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1889** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1890** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1891** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1892** changed to its compile-time default.
1893**
1894** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1895** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1896** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1897** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1898** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1899** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1900**
1901** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1902** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1903** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1904** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1905** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1906** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1907** target platform, and SQLite version.
1908**
1909** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1910** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1911** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1912** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1913** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1914** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1915** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1916** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1917** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1918** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1919**
1920** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1921** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1922** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1923** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1924** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1925** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1926** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1927** exclusively in memory.
1928** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1929** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1930** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1931** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1932** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1933**
1934** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
1935** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
1936** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
1937** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
1938** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
1939** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
1940** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
1941** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
1942** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
1943** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
1944** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
1945** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
1946** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
1947** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
1948** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
1949** </dl>
1950*/
1951#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1952#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1953#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1954#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1955#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1956#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
1957#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1958#define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1959#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1960#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1961#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1962/* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1963#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1964#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1965#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1966#define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1967#define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1968#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1969#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1970#define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1971#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1972#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1973#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1974#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1975#define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1976#define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1977#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
1978#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
1979
1980/*
1981** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1982**
1983** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1984** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1985**
1986** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1987** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1988** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1989** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1990** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1991** is invoked.
1992**
1993** <dl>
1994** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1995** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1996** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1997** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1998** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1999** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2000** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2001** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2002** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2003** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2004** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2005** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2006** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2007** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2008** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2009** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2010** when the "current value" returned by
2011** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2012** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2013** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2014** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2015**
2016** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2017** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2018** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2019** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2020** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2021** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2022** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2023** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2024** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2025**
2026** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2027** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2028** There should be two additional arguments.
2029** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2030** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2031** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2032** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2033** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2034** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
2035**
2036** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2037** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
2038** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2039** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2040** There should be two additional arguments.
2041** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2042** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2043** unchanged.
2044** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2045** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2046** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2047** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2048**
2049** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2050** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2051** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2052** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2053** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2054** There should be two additional arguments.
2055** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2056** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2057** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2058** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2059** C-API or the SQL function.
2060** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2061** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2062** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2063** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2064** </dd>
2065**
2066** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2067** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2068** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2069** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2070** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2071** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2072** until after the database connection closes.
2073** </dd>
2074**
2075** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2076** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2077** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2078** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2079** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2080** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2081** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2082** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2083** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2084** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2085** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2086** </dd>
2087**
2088** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2089** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2090** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2091** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2092** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2093** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2094** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2095** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2096** was used during testing in the lab.
2097** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2098** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2099** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2100** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2101** following this call.
2102** </dd>
2103**
2104** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2105** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2106** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2107** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2108** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2109** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2110** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2111** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2112** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2113** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2114** </dd>
2115**
2116** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2117** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2118** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2119** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2120** a badly corrupted database file:
2121** <ol>
2122** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2123** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2124** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2125** </ol>
2126** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2127** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2128** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2129** </dd>
2130** </dl>
2131*/
2132#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2133#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2134#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2135#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2136#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2137#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2138#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2139#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2140#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2141#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2142#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1009 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2143
2144/*
2145** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2146** METHOD: sqlite3
2147**
2148** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2149** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2150** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2151*/
2152int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2153
2154/*
2155** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2156** METHOD: sqlite3
2157**
2158** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2159** has a unique 64-bit signed
2160** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2161** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2162** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2163** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2164** is another alias for the rowid.
2165**
2166** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2167** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2168** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2169** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2170** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2171** zero.
2172**
2173** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2174** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2175** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2176**
2177** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2178** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2179** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2180** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2181** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2182** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2183** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2184** control to the user.
2185**
2186** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2187** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2188** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2189** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2190**
2191** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2192** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2193** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2194** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2195** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2196** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2197** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2198** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2199** the return value of this interface.)^
2200**
2201** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2202** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2203**
2204** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2205** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2206**
2207** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2208** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2209** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2210** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2211** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2212** last insert [rowid].
2213*/
2214sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2215
2216/*
2217** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2218** METHOD: sqlite3
2219**
2220** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2221** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2222** without inserting a row into the database.
2223*/
2224void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2225
2226/*
2227** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2228** METHOD: sqlite3
2229**
2230** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2231** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2232** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2233** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2234** returned by this function.
2235**
2236** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2237** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2238** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2239**
2240** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2241** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2242** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2243** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2244** tables are counted.
2245**
2246** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2247** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2248** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2249** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2250**
2251** <ul>
2252**   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2253**        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2254**        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2255**
2256**   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2257**        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2258**        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2259**        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2260**        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2261** </ul>
2262**
2263** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2264** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2265** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2266** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2267** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2268** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2269**
2270** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2271** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2272**
2273** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2274** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2275** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2276*/
2277int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2278
2279/*
2280** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2281** METHOD: sqlite3
2282**
2283** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2284** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2285** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2286** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2287** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2288**
2289** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2290** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2291** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2292** are not counted.
2293**
2294** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2295** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2296**
2297** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2298** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2299** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2300*/
2301int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2302
2303/*
2304** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2305** METHOD: sqlite3
2306**
2307** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2308** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2309** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2310** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2311** immediately.
2312**
2313** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2314** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2315** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2316** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2317**
2318** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2319** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2320** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2321**
2322** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2323** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2324** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2325** will be rolled back automatically.
2326**
2327** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2328** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2329** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2330** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2331** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2332** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2333** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2334** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2335** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2336** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2337*/
2338void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2339
2340/*
2341** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2342**
2343** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2344** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2345** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2346** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2347** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2348** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2349** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2350** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2351** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2352** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2353** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2354**
2355** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2356** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2357**
2358** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2359** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2360**
2361** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2362** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2363** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2364** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2365** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2366**
2367** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2368** UTF-8 string.
2369**
2370** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2371** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2372*/
2373int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2374int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2375
2376/*
2377** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2378** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2379** METHOD: sqlite3
2380**
2381** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2382** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2383** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2384** [database connection] D when another thread
2385** or process has the table locked.
2386** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2387** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2388**
2389** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2390** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2391** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2392**
2393** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2394** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2395** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2396** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2397** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2398** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2399** to the application.
2400** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2401** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2402**
2403** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2404** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2405** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2406** to the application instead of invoking the
2407** busy handler.
2408** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2409** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2410** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2411** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2412** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2413** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2414** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2415** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2416** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2417** the second process to proceed.
2418**
2419** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2420**
2421** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2422** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2423** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2424** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2425** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2426**
2427** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2428** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2429** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2430** result in undefined behavior.
2431**
2432** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2433** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2434*/
2435int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2436
2437/*
2438** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2439** METHOD: sqlite3
2440**
2441** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2442** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2443** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2444** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2445** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2446** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2447**
2448** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2449** turns off all busy handlers.
2450**
2451** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2452** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2453** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2454** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2455**
2456** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2457*/
2458int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2459
2460/*
2461** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2462** METHOD: sqlite3
2463**
2464** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2465** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2466**
2467** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2468** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2469** complete query results from one or more queries.
2470**
2471** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2472** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2473** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2474** and M be the number of columns.
2475**
2476** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2477** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2478** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2479** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2480** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2481** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2482**
2483** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2484** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2485** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2486**
2487** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2488** is as follows:
2489**
2490** <blockquote><pre>
2491**        Name        | Age
2492**        -----------------------
2493**        Alice       | 43
2494**        Bob         | 28
2495**        Cindy       | 21
2496** </pre></blockquote>
2497**
2498** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2499** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2500** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2501**
2502** <blockquote><pre>
2503**        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2504**        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2505**        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2506**        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2507**        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2508**        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2509**        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2510**        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2511** </pre></blockquote>)^
2512**
2513** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2514** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2515** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2516** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2517**
2518** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2519** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2520** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2521** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2522** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2523** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2524**
2525** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2526** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2527** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2528** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2529** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2530** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2531** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2532*/
2533int sqlite3_get_table(
2534  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2535  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2536  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2537  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2538  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2539  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2540);
2541void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2542
2543/*
2544** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2545**
2546** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2547** from the standard C library.
2548** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2549** the standard library printf()
2550** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2551** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2552**
2553** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2554** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2555** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2556** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2557** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2558** memory to hold the resulting string.
2559**
2560** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2561** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2562** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2563** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2564** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2565** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2566** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2567** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2568** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2569** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2570** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2571** now without breaking compatibility.
2572**
2573** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2574** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2575** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2576** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2577** written will be n-1 characters.
2578**
2579** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2580**
2581** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2582*/
2583char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2584char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2585char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2586char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2587
2588/*
2589** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2590**
2591** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2592** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2593** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2594** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2595**
2596** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2597** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2598** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2599** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2600** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2601** a NULL pointer.
2602**
2603** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2604** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2605** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2606**
2607** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2608** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2609** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2610** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2611** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2612** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2613** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2614** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2615** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2616** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2617**
2618** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2619** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2620** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2621** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2622** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2623** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2624** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2625** sqlite3_free(X).
2626** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2627** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2628** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2629** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2630** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2631** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2632** prior allocation is not freed.
2633**
2634** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2635** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2636** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2637**
2638** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2639** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2640** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2641** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2642** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2643** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2644** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2645** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2646** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2647**
2648** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2649** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2650** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2651** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2652** option is used.
2653**
2654** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2655** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2656** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2657** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2658**
2659** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2660** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2661** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2662** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2663** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2664** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2665** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2666**
2667** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2668** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2669** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2670** not yet been released.
2671**
2672** The application must not read or write any part of
2673** a block of memory after it has been released using
2674** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2675*/
2676void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2677void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2678void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2679void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2680void sqlite3_free(void*);
2681sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2682
2683/*
2684** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2685**
2686** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2687** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2688** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2689**
2690** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2691** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2692** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2693** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2694** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2695** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2696** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2697** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2698** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2699**
2700** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2701** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2702** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2703** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2704** prior to the reset.
2705*/
2706sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2707sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2708
2709/*
2710** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2711**
2712** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2713** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2714** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2715** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2716** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2717**
2718** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2719** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2720**
2721** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2722** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2723** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2724** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2725** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2726** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2727** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2728** method.
2729*/
2730void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2731
2732/*
2733** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2734** METHOD: sqlite3
2735** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2736**
2737** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2738** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2739** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2740** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2741** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2742** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2743** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2744** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2745** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2746** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2747** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2748** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2749** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2750** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2751** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2752** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2753**
2754** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2755** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2756** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2757** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2758** access is denied.
2759**
2760** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2761** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2762** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2763** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2764** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2765** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2766** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2767** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2768**
2769** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2770** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2771** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2772** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2773** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2774** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2775** columns of a table.
2776** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
2777** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
2778** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
2779** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
2780** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2781** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2782** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2783**
2784** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2785** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2786** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2787** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2788** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2789** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2790** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2791** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2792** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2793** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2794**
2795** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2796** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2797** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2798** in addition to using an authorizer.
2799**
2800** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2801** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2802** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2803** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2804**
2805** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2806** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2807** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2808** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2809**
2810** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2811** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2812** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2813** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2814**
2815** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2816** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2817** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2818** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2819** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2820*/
2821int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2822  sqlite3*,
2823  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2824  void *pUserData
2825);
2826
2827/*
2828** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2829**
2830** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2831** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2832** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2833** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2834** information.
2835**
2836** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2837** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2838*/
2839#define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2840#define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2841
2842/*
2843** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2844**
2845** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2846** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2847** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2848** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2849** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2850**
2851** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2852** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2853** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2854** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2855** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2856** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2857** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2858** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2859** top-level SQL code.
2860*/
2861/******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2862#define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2863#define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2864#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2865#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2866#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2867#define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2868#define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2869#define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2870#define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2871#define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2872#define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2873#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2874#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2875#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2876#define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2877#define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2878#define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2879#define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2880#define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2881#define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2882#define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2883#define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2884#define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2885#define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2886#define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2887#define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2888#define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2889#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2890#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2891#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2892#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2893#define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2894#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2895#define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2896
2897/*
2898** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2899** METHOD: sqlite3
2900**
2901** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2902** instead of the routines described here.
2903**
2904** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2905** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2906**
2907** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2908** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2909** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2910** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2911** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2912** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2913** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2914**
2915** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2916** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2917**
2918** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2919** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2920** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2921** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2922** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2923** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2924** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2925** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2926** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2927** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2928*/
2929SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2930   void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2931SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2932   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2933
2934/*
2935** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2936** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2937**
2938** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2939** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
2940** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2941** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2942** is one of the following constants.
2943**
2944** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2945**
2946** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2947** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2948** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2949** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2950** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2951**
2952** <dl>
2953** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2954** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2955** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2956** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2957** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2958** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2959** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2960** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2961** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2962** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2963** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2964**
2965** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2966** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2967** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2968** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2969** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2970** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2971** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2972**
2973** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2974** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2975** statement generates a single row of result.
2976** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2977** X argument is unused.
2978**
2979** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2980** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2981** connection closes.
2982** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2983** and the X argument is unused.
2984** </dl>
2985*/
2986#define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2987#define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2988#define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2989#define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2990
2991/*
2992** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2993** METHOD: sqlite3
2994**
2995** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2996** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2997** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
2998** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
2999** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3000** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3001**
3002** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3003** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3004**
3005** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3006** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3007** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3008** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3009**
3010** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3011** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3012** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3013** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3014** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3015**
3016** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3017** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3018** are deprecated.
3019*/
3020int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3021  sqlite3*,
3022  unsigned uMask,
3023  int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3024  void *pCtx
3025);
3026
3027/*
3028** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3029** METHOD: sqlite3
3030**
3031** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3032** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3033** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3034** database connection D.  An example use for this
3035** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3036**
3037** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3038** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3039** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3040** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3041** handler is disabled.
3042**
3043** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3044** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3045** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3046** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3047** than 1.
3048**
3049** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3050** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3051** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3052**
3053** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3054** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3055** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3056** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3057**
3058*/
3059void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3060
3061/*
3062** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3063** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3064**
3065** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3066** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3067** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3068** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3069** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3070** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3071** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3072** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3073** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3074** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3075** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3076** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3077**
3078** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3079** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3080** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3081**
3082** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3083** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3084** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3085**
3086** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3087** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3088** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3089** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
3090** the following three values, optionally combined with the
3091** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
3092** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
3093**
3094** <dl>
3095** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3096** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3097** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3098**
3099** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3100** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3101** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3102** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3103**
3104** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3105** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3106** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3107** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3108** </dl>
3109**
3110** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3111** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3112** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3113** then the behavior is undefined.
3114**
3115** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
3116** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
3117** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
3118** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
3119** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
3120** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
3121** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
3122** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
3123** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3124** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3125** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3126**
3127** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3128** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3129** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3130** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3131**
3132** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3133** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3134** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3135** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3136** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3137** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3138** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3139**
3140** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3141** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3142** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3143**
3144** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3145**
3146** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3147** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3148** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3149** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3150** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3151** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3152** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3153** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3154** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3155** information.
3156**
3157** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3158** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3159** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3160** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3161** present, is ignored.
3162**
3163** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3164** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3165** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3166** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3167** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3168** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3169** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3170**
3171** [[core URI query parameters]]
3172** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3173** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3174** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3175** following query parameters:
3176**
3177** <ul>
3178**   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3179**     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3180**     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3181**     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3182**     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3183**     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3184**     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3185**
3186**   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3187**     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3188**     an error)^.
3189**     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3190**     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3191**     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3192**     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3193**     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3194**     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3195**     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3196**     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3197**     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3198**     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3199**     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3200**
3201**   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3202**     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3203**     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3204**     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3205**     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3206**     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3207**     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3208**     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3209**
3210**  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3211**     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3212**     storage media on which the database file resides.
3213**
3214**  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3215**     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3216**     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3217**     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3218**     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3219**     processes uses nolock=1.
3220**
3221**  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3222**     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3223**     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3224**     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3225**     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3226**     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3227**     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3228**     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3229**     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3230**
3231** </ul>
3232**
3233** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3234** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3235** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3236** additional information.
3237**
3238** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3239**
3240** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3241** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3242** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3243**          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3244** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3245**          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3246**          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3247**          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3248** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3249**          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3250** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3251**          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3252**     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3253**          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3254**          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3255**          in URI filenames.
3256** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3257**          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3258**          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3259**          default, use a private cache.
3260** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3261**          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3262**          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3263** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3264**          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3265** </table>
3266**
3267** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3268** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3269** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3270** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3271** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3272** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3273** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3274** the results are undefined.
3275**
3276** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3277** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3278** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3279** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3280** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3281**
3282** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3283** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3284** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3285**
3286** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3287*/
3288int sqlite3_open(
3289  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3290  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3291);
3292int sqlite3_open16(
3293  const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3294  sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3295);
3296int sqlite3_open_v2(
3297  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3298  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3299  int flags,              /* Flags */
3300  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3301);
3302
3303/*
3304** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3305**
3306** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3307** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3308** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3309**
3310** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3311** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3312** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3313** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3314** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3315** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3316** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3317** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3318** a pointer to an empty string.
3319**
3320** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3321** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3322** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3323** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3324** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3325** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3326** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3327** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3328** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3329** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3330**
3331** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3332** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3333** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3334** zero is returned.
3335**
3336** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3337** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3338** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3339** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3340** undesirable.
3341*/
3342const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3343int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3344sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3345
3346
3347/*
3348** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3349** METHOD: sqlite3
3350**
3351** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3352** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3353** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3354** API call.
3355** If the most recent API call was successful,
3356** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3357** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3358** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3359** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3360** disabled.
3361**
3362** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3363** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3364** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3365** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3366** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3367** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3368**
3369** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3370** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3371** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3372** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3373**
3374** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3375** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3376** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3377** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3378** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3379** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3380** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3381** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3382** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3383**
3384** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3385** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3386** error code and message may or may not be set.
3387*/
3388int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3389int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3390const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3391const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3392const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3393
3394/*
3395** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3396** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3397**
3398** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3399** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3400**
3401** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3402** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3403** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3404** prepared statement before it can be run.
3405**
3406** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3407**
3408** <ol>
3409** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3410** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3411**      interfaces.
3412** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3413** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3414**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3415** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3416** </ol>
3417*/
3418typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3419
3420/*
3421** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3422** METHOD: sqlite3
3423**
3424** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3425** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3426** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3427** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3428** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3429** new limit for that construct.)^
3430**
3431** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3432** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3433** [limits | hard upper bound]
3434** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3435** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3436** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3437** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3438** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3439**
3440** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3441** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3442** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3443** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3444**
3445** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3446** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3447** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3448** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3449** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3450** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3451** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3452** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3453** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3454** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3455** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3456** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3457**
3458** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3459*/
3460int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3461
3462/*
3463** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3464** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3465**
3466** These constants define various performance limits
3467** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3468** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3469** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3470**
3471** <dl>
3472** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3473** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3474**
3475** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3476** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3477**
3478** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3479** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3480** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3481** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3482**
3483** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3484** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3485**
3486** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3487** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3488**
3489** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3490** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3491** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3492** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3493** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3494**
3495** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3496** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3497**
3498** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3499** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3500**
3501** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3502** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3503** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3504** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3505**
3506** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3507** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3508** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3509**
3510** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3511** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3512**
3513** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3514** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3515** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3516** </dl>
3517*/
3518#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3519#define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3520#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3521#define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3522#define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3523#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3524#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3525#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3526#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3527#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3528#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3529#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3530
3531/*
3532** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3533**
3534** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3535** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3536** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3537**
3538** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3539**
3540** <dl>
3541** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3542** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3543** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3544** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3545** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3546** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3547** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3548** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3549** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3550** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3551** </dl>
3552*/
3553#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3554
3555/*
3556** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3557** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3558** METHOD: sqlite3
3559** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3560**
3561** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3562** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3563** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3564**
3565** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3566** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3567** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3568** for special purposes.
3569**
3570** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3571** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3572** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3573** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3574**
3575** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3576** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3577** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3578**
3579** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3580** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3581** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3582** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3583** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3584**
3585** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3586** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3587** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3588** statement is generated.
3589** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3590** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3591** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3592** the nul-terminator.
3593**
3594** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3595** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3596** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3597** what remains uncompiled.
3598**
3599** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3600** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3601** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3602** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3603** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3604** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3605** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3606**
3607** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3608** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3609**
3610** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3611** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
3612** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
3613** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3614** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
3615** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3616** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3617** behave differently in three ways:
3618**
3619** <ol>
3620** <li>
3621** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3622** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3623** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3624** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3625** </li>
3626**
3627** <li>
3628** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3629** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3630** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3631** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3632** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3633** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3634** </li>
3635**
3636** <li>
3637** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3638** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3639** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3640** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3641** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3642** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3643** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3644** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3645** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3646** </li>
3647** </ol>
3648**
3649** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
3650** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
3651** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
3652** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
3653** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
3654*/
3655int sqlite3_prepare(
3656  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3657  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3658  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3659  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3660  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3661);
3662int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3663  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3664  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3665  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3666  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3667  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3668);
3669int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
3670  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3671  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3672  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3673  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3674  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3675  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3676);
3677int sqlite3_prepare16(
3678  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3679  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3680  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3681  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3682  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3683);
3684int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3685  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3686  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3687  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3688  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3689  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3690);
3691int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
3692  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3693  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3694  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3695  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
3696  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3697  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3698);
3699
3700/*
3701** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3702** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3703**
3704** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3705** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3706** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
3707** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
3708** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3709** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3710** [bound parameters] expanded.
3711**
3712** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3713** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3714** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3715** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3716** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3717**
3718** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3719** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3720** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3721**
3722** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3723** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3724** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3725**
3726** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3727** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3728** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3729** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3730** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3731*/
3732const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3733char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3734
3735/*
3736** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3737** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3738**
3739** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3740** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3741** the content of the database file.
3742**
3743** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3744** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3745** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3746** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3747** change the database file through side-effects:
3748**
3749** <blockquote><pre>
3750**    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3751** </pre></blockquote>
3752**
3753** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3754** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3755**
3756** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3757** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3758** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3759** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3760** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3761** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3762** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3763** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3764** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
3765** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
3766** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
3767** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
3768*/
3769int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3770
3771/*
3772** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3773** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3774**
3775** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3776** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3777** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3778** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3779** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3780** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3781** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3782** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3783**
3784** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3785** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3786** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3787** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3788** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3789*/
3790int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3791
3792/*
3793** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3794** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3795**
3796** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3797** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3798** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3799** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3800**
3801** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3802** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3803** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3804** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3805** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3806** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3807** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3808**
3809** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3810** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3811** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3812** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3813** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3814** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3815** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3816** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3817** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3818** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3819** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3820** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3821**
3822** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3823** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3824** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3825** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3826** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
3827** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
3828** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
3829** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3830** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3831*/
3832typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
3833
3834/*
3835** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3836**
3837** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3838** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3839** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3840** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3841** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3842** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3843** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3844** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3845*/
3846typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3847
3848/*
3849** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3850** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3851** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3852** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3853**
3854** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3855** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3856** templates:
3857**
3858** <ul>
3859** <li>  ?
3860** <li>  ?NNN
3861** <li>  :VVV
3862** <li>  @VVV
3863** <li>  $VVV
3864** </ul>
3865**
3866** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3867** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3868** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3869** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3870**
3871** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3872** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3873** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3874**
3875** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3876** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3877** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3878** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3879** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3880** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3881** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3882** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3883** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3884**
3885** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3886** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3887** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3888** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3889**
3890** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3891** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3892** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3893** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3894** is negative, then the length of the string is
3895** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3896** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3897** the behavior is undefined.
3898** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3899** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3900** that parameter must be the byte offset
3901** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3902** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3903** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3904** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3905** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3906**
3907** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3908** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3909** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3910** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3911** ^If the fifth argument is
3912** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3913** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3914** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3915** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3916** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3917**
3918** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3919** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3920** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3921** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3922** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3923** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3924** is undefined.
3925**
3926** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3927** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3928** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3929** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3930** content is later written using
3931** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3932** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3933**
3934** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
3935** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
3936** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
3937** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
3938** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
3939** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
3940** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
3941** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
3942**
3943** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3944** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3945** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3946** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3947** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3948** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3949**
3950** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3951** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3952**
3953** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3954** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3955** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3956** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3957** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3958** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3959** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3960**
3961** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3962** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3963*/
3964int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3965int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3966                        void(*)(void*));
3967int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3968int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3969int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3970int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3971int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3972int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3973int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3974                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3975int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3976int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
3977int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3978int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3979
3980/*
3981** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3982** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3983**
3984** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3985** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3986** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3987** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3988** to the parameters at a later time.
3989**
3990** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3991** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3992** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3993** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3994**
3995** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3996** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3997** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3998*/
3999int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4000
4001/*
4002** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4003** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4004**
4005** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4006** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4007** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4008** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4009** respectively.
4010** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4011** is included as part of the name.)^
4012** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4013** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4014**
4015** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4016**
4017** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4018** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4019** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4020** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4021** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4022**
4023** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4024** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4025** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4026*/
4027const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4028
4029/*
4030** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4031** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4032**
4033** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4034** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4035** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4036** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4037** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4038** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4039** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4040**
4041** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4042** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4043** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4044*/
4045int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4046
4047/*
4048** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4049** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4050**
4051** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4052** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4053** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4054*/
4055int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4056
4057/*
4058** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4059** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4060**
4061** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4062** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4063** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4064** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4065** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4066** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4067** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4068**
4069** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4070*/
4071int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4072
4073/*
4074** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4075** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4076**
4077** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4078** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4079** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4080** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4081** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4082** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4083** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4084**
4085** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4086** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4087** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4088** or until the next call to
4089** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4090**
4091** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4092** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4093** NULL pointer is returned.
4094**
4095** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4096** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4097** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4098** one release of SQLite to the next.
4099*/
4100const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4101const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4102
4103/*
4104** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4105** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4106**
4107** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4108** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4109** [SELECT] statement.
4110** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4111** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4112** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4113** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4114** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4115** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4116** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4117** or until the same information is requested
4118** again in a different encoding.
4119**
4120** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4121** database, table, and column.
4122**
4123** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4124** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4125** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4126** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4127**
4128** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4129** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4130** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4131** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4132** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4133**
4134** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4135** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4136**
4137** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4138** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4139**
4140** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
4141** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
4142** undefined.
4143**
4144** If two or more threads call one or more
4145** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4146** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4147** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4148*/
4149const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4150const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4151const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4152const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4153const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4154const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4155
4156/*
4157** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4158** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4159**
4160** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4161** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4162** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4163** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4164** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4165** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4166** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4167**
4168** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4169**
4170** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4171**
4172** and the following statement to be compiled:
4173**
4174** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4175**
4176** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4177** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4178**
4179** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4180** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4181** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4182** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4183** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4184** used to hold those values.
4185*/
4186const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4187const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4188
4189/*
4190** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4191** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4192**
4193** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4194** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4195** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4196** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4197** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4198**
4199** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4200** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4201** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4202** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4203** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4204** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4205** interface will continue to be supported.
4206**
4207** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4208** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4209** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4210** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4211**
4212** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4213** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4214** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4215** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4216** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4217** continuing.
4218**
4219** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4220** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4221** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4222** machine back to its initial state.
4223**
4224** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4225** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4226** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4227** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4228**
4229** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4230** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4231** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4232** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4233** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4234** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4235** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4236** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4237**
4238** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4239** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4240** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4241** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4242** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4243** more threads at the same moment in time.
4244**
4245** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4246** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4247** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4248** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4249** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4250** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4251** sqlite3_step() began
4252** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4253** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4254** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4255** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4256** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4257**
4258** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4259** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4260** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4261** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4262** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4263** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4264** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4265** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4266** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4267** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4268** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4269** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4270*/
4271int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4272
4273/*
4274** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4275** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4276**
4277** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4278** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4279** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4280** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4281** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4282** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4283** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4284** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4285** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4286** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4287** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4288** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4289**
4290** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4291*/
4292int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4293
4294/*
4295** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4296** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4297**
4298** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4299**
4300** <ul>
4301** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4302** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4303** <li> string
4304** <li> BLOB
4305** <li> NULL
4306** </ul>)^
4307**
4308** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4309**
4310** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4311** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4312** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4313** SQLITE_TEXT.
4314*/
4315#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4316#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4317#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4318#define SQLITE_NULL     5
4319#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4320# undef SQLITE_TEXT
4321#else
4322# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4323#endif
4324#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4325
4326/*
4327** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4328** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4329** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4330**
4331** <b>Summary:</b>
4332** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4333** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4334** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4335** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4336** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4337** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4338** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4339** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4340** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4341** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4342** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4343** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4344** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4345** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4346** TEXT in bytes
4347** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4348** datatype of the result
4349** </table></blockquote>
4350**
4351** <b>Details:</b>
4352**
4353** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4354** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4355** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4356** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4357** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4358** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4359** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4360** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4361**
4362** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4363** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4364** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4365** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4366** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4367** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4368** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4369** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4370** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4371** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4372** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4373**
4374** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4375** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4376** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4377** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4378** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4379**
4380** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4381** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4382** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4383** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4384** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4385** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4386** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4387** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4388** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4389** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4390** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4391** following a type conversion.
4392**
4393** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4394** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4395** of that BLOB or string.
4396**
4397** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4398** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4399** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4400** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4401** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4402** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4403** the number of bytes in that string.
4404** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4405**
4406** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4407** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4408** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4409** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4410** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4411** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4412** the number of bytes in that string.
4413** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4414**
4415** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4416** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4417** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4418** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4419** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4420**
4421** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4422** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4423** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4424**
4425** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4426** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4427** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4428** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4429** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4430** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4431** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4432** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4433** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4434** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4435** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4436** top-level application code.
4437**
4438** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4439** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4440** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4441** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4442** that are applied:
4443**
4444** <blockquote>
4445** <table border="1">
4446** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4447**
4448** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4449** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4450** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4451** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4452** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4453** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4454** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4455** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4456** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4457** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4458** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4459** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4460** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4461** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4462** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4463** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4464** </table>
4465** </blockquote>)^
4466**
4467** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4468** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4469** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4470** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4471** in the following cases:
4472**
4473** <ul>
4474** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4475**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4476**      need to be added to the string.</li>
4477** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4478**      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4479**      to UTF-16.</li>
4480** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4481**      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4482**      to UTF-8.</li>
4483** </ul>
4484**
4485** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4486** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4487** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4488** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4489** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4490**
4491** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4492** in one of the following ways:
4493**
4494** <ul>
4495**  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4496**  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4497**  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4498** </ul>
4499**
4500** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4501** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4502** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4503** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4504** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4505** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4506** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4507**
4508** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4509** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4510** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4511** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4512** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4513** [sqlite3_free()].
4514**
4515** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4516** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4517** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4518** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4519** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4520*/
4521const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4522double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4523int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4524sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4525const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4526const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4527sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4528int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4529int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4530int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4531
4532/*
4533** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4534** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4535**
4536** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4537** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4538** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4539** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4540** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4541** [extended error code].
4542**
4543** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4544** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4545** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4546** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4547** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4548** completed execution.
4549**
4550** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4551**
4552** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4553** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4554** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4555** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4556** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4557*/
4558int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4559
4560/*
4561** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4562** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4563**
4564** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4565** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4566** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4567** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4568** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4569**
4570** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4571** back to the beginning of its program.
4572**
4573** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4574** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4575** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4576** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4577**
4578** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4579** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4580** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4581**
4582** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4583** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4584*/
4585int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4586
4587/*
4588** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4589** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4590** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4591** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4592** METHOD: sqlite3
4593**
4594** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4595** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4596** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4597** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4598** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4599** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4600** the application data pointer.
4601**
4602** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4603** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4604** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4605** to each database connection separately.
4606**
4607** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4608** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4609** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4610** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4611** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4612** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4613**
4614** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4615** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4616** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4617** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4618** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4619** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4620** undefined.
4621**
4622** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4623** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4624** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4625** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4626** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4627** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4628** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4629** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4630** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4631** each encoding.
4632** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4633** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4634**
4635** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4636** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4637** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4638** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4639** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4640** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4641** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4642**
4643** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4644** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4645**
4646** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4647** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4648** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4649** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4650** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4651** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4652** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4653** callbacks.
4654**
4655** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4656** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4657** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4658** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4659** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4660** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4661** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4662** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4663** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4664**
4665** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4666** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4667** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4668** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4669** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4670** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4671** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4672** matches the database encoding is a better
4673** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4674** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4675** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4676** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4677**
4678** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4679**
4680** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4681** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4682** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4683** statement in which the function is running.
4684*/
4685int sqlite3_create_function(
4686  sqlite3 *db,
4687  const char *zFunctionName,
4688  int nArg,
4689  int eTextRep,
4690  void *pApp,
4691  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4692  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4693  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4694);
4695int sqlite3_create_function16(
4696  sqlite3 *db,
4697  const void *zFunctionName,
4698  int nArg,
4699  int eTextRep,
4700  void *pApp,
4701  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4702  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4703  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4704);
4705int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4706  sqlite3 *db,
4707  const char *zFunctionName,
4708  int nArg,
4709  int eTextRep,
4710  void *pApp,
4711  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4712  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4713  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4714  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4715);
4716
4717/*
4718** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4719**
4720** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4721** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4722*/
4723#define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4724#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4725#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4726#define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4727#define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4728#define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4729
4730/*
4731** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4732**
4733** These constants may be ORed together with the
4734** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4735** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4736** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4737*/
4738#define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4739
4740/*
4741** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4742** DEPRECATED
4743**
4744** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4745** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4746** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4747** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4748** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4749*/
4750#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4751SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4752SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4753SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4754SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4755SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4756SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4757                      void*,sqlite3_int64);
4758#endif
4759
4760/*
4761** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4762** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4763**
4764** <b>Summary:</b>
4765** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4766** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
4767** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
4768** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
4769** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
4770** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
4771** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
4772** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
4773** the native byteorder
4774** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
4775** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
4776** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4777** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4778** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
4779** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4780** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4781** TEXT in bytes
4782** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4783** datatype of the value
4784** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4785** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
4786** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4787** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
4788** against a virtual table.
4789** </table></blockquote>
4790**
4791** <b>Details:</b>
4792**
4793** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
4794** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
4795** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
4796** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
4797**
4798** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4799** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4800** is not threadsafe.
4801**
4802** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4803** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4804** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4805**
4806** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4807** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4808** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4809** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4810**
4811** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
4812** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
4813** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
4814** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
4815** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
4816** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4817**
4818** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
4819** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
4820** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4821** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
4822** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
4823** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
4824** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
4825** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
4826** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
4827** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
4828**
4829** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4830** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4831** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4832** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4833** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4834** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4835** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4836**
4837** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
4838** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
4839** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
4840** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
4841** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
4842** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
4843** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
4844** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
4845** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
4846** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
4847** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
4848** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
4849**
4850** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4851** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4852** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4853** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4854** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4855**
4856** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4857** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4858*/
4859const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4860double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4861int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4862sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4863void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
4864const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4865const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4866const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4867const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4868int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4869int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4870int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4871int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4872int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
4873
4874/*
4875** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4876** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4877**
4878** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4879** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4880** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4881** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4882** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4883*/
4884unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4885
4886/*
4887** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4888** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4889**
4890** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4891** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4892** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4893** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4894** memory allocation fails.
4895**
4896** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4897** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4898** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4899*/
4900sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4901void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4902
4903/*
4904** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4905** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4906**
4907** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4908** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4909**
4910** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4911** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4912** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4913** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4914** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4915** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4916** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4917** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4918** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4919** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4920** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4921** first time from within xFinal().)^
4922**
4923** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4924** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4925** allocate error occurs.
4926**
4927** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4928** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4929** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4930** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4931** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4932** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4933** pointless memory allocations occur.
4934**
4935** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4936** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4937**
4938** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4939** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4940** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4941** function.
4942**
4943** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4944** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4945*/
4946void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4947
4948/*
4949** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4950** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4951**
4952** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4953** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4954** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4955** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4956** registered the application defined function.
4957**
4958** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4959** the application-defined function is running.
4960*/
4961void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4962
4963/*
4964** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4965** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4966**
4967** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4968** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4969** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4970** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4971** registered the application defined function.
4972*/
4973sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4974
4975/*
4976** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4977** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4978**
4979** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4980** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4981** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4982** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4983** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4984** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4985** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4986** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4987** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4988** invocations of the same function.
4989**
4990** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4991** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
4992** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
4993** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
4994** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
4995** returns a NULL pointer.
4996**
4997** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4998** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4999** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5000** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5001** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5002** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5003** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5004** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5005** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5006** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5007** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5008**      SQL statement)^, or
5009** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5010**       parameter)^, or
5011** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5012**      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5013**
5014** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5015** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5016** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5017** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5018** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5019** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5020**
5021** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5022** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5023** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5024**
5025** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5026** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5027** kinds of function caching behavior.
5028**
5029** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5030** the SQL function is running.
5031*/
5032void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5033void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5034
5035
5036/*
5037** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5038**
5039** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5040** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5041** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5042** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5043** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5044** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5045** the content before returning.
5046**
5047** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5048** C++ compilers.
5049*/
5050typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5051#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5052#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5053
5054/*
5055** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5056** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5057**
5058** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5059** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5060** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5061** for additional information.
5062**
5063** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5064** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5065** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5066**
5067** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5068** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5069** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5070** third parameter.
5071**
5072** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5073** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5074** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5075**
5076** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5077** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5078** by its 2nd argument.
5079**
5080** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5081** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5082** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5083** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5084** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5085** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5086** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
5087** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5088** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5089** message all text up through the first zero character.
5090** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5091** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5092** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5093** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5094** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5095** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5096** modify the text after they return without harm.
5097** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5098** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5099** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5100** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5101**
5102** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5103** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5104**
5105** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5106** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5107**
5108** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5109** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5110** value given in the 2nd argument.
5111** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5112** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5113** value given in the 2nd argument.
5114**
5115** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5116** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5117**
5118** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5119** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5120** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5121** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5122** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5123** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5124** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5125** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5126** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5127** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5128** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5129** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5130** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5131** through the first zero character.
5132** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5133** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5134** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5135** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5136** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5137** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5138** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5139** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5140** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5141** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5142** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5143** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5144** finished using that result.
5145** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5146** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5147** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5148** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5149** when it has finished using that result.
5150** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5151** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5152** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5153** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5154**
5155** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5156** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5157** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5158** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5159** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5160** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5161** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5162** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5163** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5164**
5165** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5166** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5167** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5168** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5169** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5170** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5171** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5172** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5173** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5174** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5175**
5176** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5177** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5178** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5179*/
5180void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5181void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5182                           sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5183void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5184void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5185void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5186void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5187void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5188void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5189void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5190void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5191void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5192void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5193void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5194                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5195void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5196void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5197void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5198void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5199void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5200void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5201int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5202
5203
5204/*
5205** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5206** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5207**
5208** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5209** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5210** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5211** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5212** higher order bits are discarded.
5213** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5214** in future releases of SQLite.
5215*/
5216void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5217
5218/*
5219** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5220** METHOD: sqlite3
5221**
5222** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5223** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5224**
5225** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5226** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5227** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5228** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5229** considered to be the same name.
5230**
5231** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5232** <ul>
5233** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5234** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5235** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5236** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5237** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5238** </ul>)^
5239** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5240** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
5241** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5242** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5243** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5244** on an even byte address.
5245**
5246** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5247** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5248**
5249** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
5250** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5251** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5252** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5253** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
5254** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5255** that collation is no longer usable.
5256**
5257** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5258** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5259** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
5260** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5261** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5262** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5263** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5264** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5265** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5266** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5267** strings A, B, and C:
5268**
5269** <ol>
5270** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5271** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5272** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5273** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5274** </ol>
5275**
5276** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5277** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5278** is undefined.
5279**
5280** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5281** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5282** the collating function is deleted.
5283** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5284** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5285** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5286**
5287** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5288** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5289** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5290** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5291** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5292** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5293** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5294** compatibility.
5295**
5296** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5297*/
5298int sqlite3_create_collation(
5299  sqlite3*,
5300  const char *zName,
5301  int eTextRep,
5302  void *pArg,
5303  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5304);
5305int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5306  sqlite3*,
5307  const char *zName,
5308  int eTextRep,
5309  void *pArg,
5310  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5311  void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5312);
5313int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5314  sqlite3*,
5315  const void *zName,
5316  int eTextRep,
5317  void *pArg,
5318  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5319);
5320
5321/*
5322** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5323** METHOD: sqlite3
5324**
5325** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5326** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5327** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5328** sequence is required.
5329**
5330** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5331** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5332** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5333** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5334** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5335**
5336** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5337** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5338** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5339** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5340** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5341** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5342** required collation sequence.)^
5343**
5344** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5345** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5346** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5347*/
5348int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5349  sqlite3*,
5350  void*,
5351  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5352);
5353int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5354  sqlite3*,
5355  void*,
5356  void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5357);
5358
5359#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5360/*
5361** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5362** called right after sqlite3_open().
5363**
5364** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5365** of SQLite.
5366*/
5367int sqlite3_key(
5368  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5369  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5370);
5371int sqlite3_key_v2(
5372  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5373  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5374  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5375);
5376
5377/*
5378** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5379** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5380** database is decrypted.
5381**
5382** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5383** of SQLite.
5384*/
5385int sqlite3_rekey(
5386  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5387  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5388);
5389int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5390  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5391  const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5392  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5393);
5394
5395/*
5396** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5397** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5398*/
5399void sqlite3_activate_see(
5400  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5401);
5402#endif
5403
5404#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5405/*
5406** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5407** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5408*/
5409void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5410  const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5411);
5412#endif
5413
5414/*
5415** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5416**
5417** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5418** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5419**
5420** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5421** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5422** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5423** requested from the operating system is returned.
5424**
5425** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5426** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5427** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5428** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5429** in the previous paragraphs.
5430*/
5431int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5432
5433/*
5434** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5435**
5436** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5437** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5438** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5439** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5440** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5441** temporary file directory.
5442**
5443** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5444** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5445** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5446** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5447** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5448** be avoided in new projects.
5449**
5450** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5451** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5452** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5453** thread.
5454** It is intended that this variable be set once
5455** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5456** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5457** thereafter.
5458**
5459** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5460** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5461** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5462** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5463** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5464** using [sqlite3_free].
5465** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5466** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5467** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5468** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5469** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5470** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5471** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5472** objects have been destroyed.
5473**
5474** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5475** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5476** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5477** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5478**
5479** <blockquote><pre>
5480** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5481** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5482** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5483** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5484** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5485** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5486** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5487** </pre></blockquote>
5488*/
5489SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5490
5491/*
5492** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5493**
5494** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5495** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5496** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5497** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5498** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5499** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5500** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5501** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5502** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5503**
5504** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5505** open can result in a corrupt database.
5506**
5507** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5508** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5509** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5510** thread.
5511** It is intended that this variable be set once
5512** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5513** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5514** thereafter.
5515**
5516** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5517** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5518** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5519** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5520** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5521** using [sqlite3_free].
5522** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5523** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5524** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5525*/
5526SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5527
5528/*
5529** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
5530**
5531** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
5532** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
5533** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
5534** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
5535** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
5536** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5537** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
5538** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
5539** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
5540** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
5541** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
5542** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.
5543*/
5544int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
5545  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
5546  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
5547);
5548
5549/*
5550** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
5551**
5552** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
5553** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
5554*/
5555#define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
5556#define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
5557
5558/*
5559** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5560** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5561** METHOD: sqlite3
5562**
5563** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5564** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5565** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5566** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5567** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5568**
5569** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5570** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5571** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5572** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5573** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5574** an error is to use this function.
5575**
5576** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5577** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5578** is undefined.
5579*/
5580int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5581
5582/*
5583** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5584** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5585**
5586** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5587** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5588** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5589** that was the first argument
5590** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5591** create the statement in the first place.
5592*/
5593sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5594
5595/*
5596** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5597** METHOD: sqlite3
5598**
5599** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5600** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5601** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5602** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5603** a NULL pointer is returned.
5604**
5605** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5606** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5607** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5608** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5609*/
5610const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5611
5612/*
5613** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5614** METHOD: sqlite3
5615**
5616** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5617** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5618** the name of a database on connection D.
5619*/
5620int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5621
5622/*
5623** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5624** METHOD: sqlite3
5625**
5626** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5627** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5628** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5629** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5630** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5631**
5632** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5633** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5634** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5635*/
5636sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5637
5638/*
5639** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5640** METHOD: sqlite3
5641**
5642** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5643** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5644** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5645** for the same database connection is overridden.
5646** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5647** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5648** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5649** for the same database connection is overridden.
5650** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5651** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5652** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5653**
5654** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5655** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5656** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5657** the first call for each function on D.
5658**
5659** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5660** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5661** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5662** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5663** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5664** or rollback hook in the first place.
5665** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5666** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5667** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5668**
5669** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5670**
5671** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5672** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5673** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5674** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5675** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5676**
5677** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5678** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5679** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5680** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5681** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5682**
5683** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5684*/
5685void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5686void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5687
5688/*
5689** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5690** METHOD: sqlite3
5691**
5692** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5693** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5694** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5695** a [rowid table].
5696** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5697** for the same database connection is overridden.
5698**
5699** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5700** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5701** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5702** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5703** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5704** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5705** to be invoked.
5706** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5707** database and table name containing the affected row.
5708** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5709** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5710**
5711** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5712** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5713** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5714**
5715** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5716** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
5717** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5718** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5719** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5720** release of SQLite.
5721**
5722** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5723** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5724** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5725** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5726** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5727** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5728**
5729** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5730** returns the P argument from the previous call
5731** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5732** the first call on D.
5733**
5734** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5735** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5736*/
5737void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5738  sqlite3*,
5739  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5740  void*
5741);
5742
5743/*
5744** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5745**
5746** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5747** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5748** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5749** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5750**
5751** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5752** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
5753** In prior versions of SQLite,
5754** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5755**
5756** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5757** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5758** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5759** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5760**
5761** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5762** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5763**
5764** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5765** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5766** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5767**
5768** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5769** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5770** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5771** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5772**
5773** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5774** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5775**
5776** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5777*/
5778int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5779
5780/*
5781** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5782**
5783** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5784** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5785** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5786** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5787** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5788** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5789** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5790** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5791**
5792** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5793*/
5794int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5795
5796/*
5797** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5798** METHOD: sqlite3
5799**
5800** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5801** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5802** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5803** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5804** omitted.
5805**
5806** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5807*/
5808int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5809
5810/*
5811** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5812**
5813** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5814** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5815** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5816** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5817** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5818** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5819** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5820** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5821** is advisory only.
5822**
5823** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5824** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5825** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5826** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5827** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5828** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5829**
5830** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5831**
5832** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5833** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5834**
5835** <ul>
5836** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5837** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5838**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5839**      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5840** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5841**      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5842** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5843**      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5844**      from the heap.
5845** </ul>)^
5846**
5847** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.7.3] ([dateof:3.7.3]),
5848** the soft heap limit is enforced
5849** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5850** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5851** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5852** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5853** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5854** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5855** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5856** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5857**
5858** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5859** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5860*/
5861sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5862
5863/*
5864** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5865** DEPRECATED
5866**
5867** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5868** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5869** only.  All new applications should use the
5870** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5871*/
5872SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5873
5874
5875/*
5876** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5877** METHOD: sqlite3
5878**
5879** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5880** information about column C of table T in database D
5881** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5882** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5883** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5884** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5885** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5886** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5887** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5888** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5889** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
5890** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
5891** undefined behavior.
5892**
5893** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5894** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5895** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5896** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5897** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5898** resolve unqualified table references.
5899**
5900** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5901** name of the desired column, respectively.
5902**
5903** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5904** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5905** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5906**
5907** ^(<blockquote>
5908** <table border="1">
5909** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5910**
5911** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5912** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5913** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5914** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5915** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5916** </table>
5917** </blockquote>)^
5918**
5919** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5920** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5921** call to any SQLite API function.
5922**
5923** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5924**
5925** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5926** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5927** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5928** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5929** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5930** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5931**
5932** <pre>
5933**     data type: "INTEGER"
5934**     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5935**     not null: 0
5936**     primary key: 1
5937**     auto increment: 0
5938** </pre>)^
5939**
5940** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5941** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5942** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5943*/
5944int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5945  sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5946  const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5947  const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5948  const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5949  char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5950  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5951  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5952  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5953  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5954);
5955
5956/*
5957** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5958** METHOD: sqlite3
5959**
5960** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5961**
5962** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5963** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5964** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5965** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5966** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5967** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5968** be tried also.
5969**
5970** ^The entry point is zProc.
5971** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5972** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5973** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5974** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5975** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5976** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5977** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5978** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5979** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5980** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5981** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5982** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5983** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5984**
5985** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5986** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5987** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5988** prior to calling this API,
5989** otherwise an error will be returned.
5990**
5991** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5992** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5993** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5994** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5995** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5996** access to extension loading capabilities.
5997**
5998** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5999*/
6000int sqlite3_load_extension(
6001  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6002  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6003  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6004  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6005);
6006
6007/*
6008** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6009** METHOD: sqlite3
6010**
6011** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6012** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6013** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6014** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6015**
6016** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6017** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6018** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6019** it back off again.
6020**
6021** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6022** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6023** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6024** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6025**
6026** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6027** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6028** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6029** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6030** access to extension loading capabilities.
6031*/
6032int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6033
6034/*
6035** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6036**
6037** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6038** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6039** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6040** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6041**
6042** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6043** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6044** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6045** entry point where as follows:
6046**
6047** <blockquote><pre>
6048** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6049** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6050** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6051** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6052** &nbsp;  );
6053** </pre></blockquote>)^
6054**
6055** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6056** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6057** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6058** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6059** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6060** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6061** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6062**
6063** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6064** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6065** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6066**
6067** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6068** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6069*/
6070int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6071
6072/*
6073** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6074**
6075** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6076** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6077** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6078** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6079** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6080** routines.
6081*/
6082int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6083
6084/*
6085** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6086**
6087** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6088** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6089*/
6090void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6091
6092/*
6093** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6094** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6095** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6096**
6097** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6098** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6099*/
6100
6101/*
6102** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6103*/
6104typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6105typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6106typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6107typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6108
6109/*
6110** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6111** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6112**
6113** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6114** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
6115** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6116**
6117** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6118** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6119** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6120** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6121** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6122** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6123** any database connection.
6124*/
6125struct sqlite3_module {
6126  int iVersion;
6127  int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6128               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6129               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6130  int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6131               int argc, const char *const*argv,
6132               sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6133  int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6134  int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6135  int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6136  int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6137  int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6138  int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6139                int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6140  int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6141  int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6142  int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6143  int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6144  int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6145  int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6146  int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6147  int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6148  int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6149  int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6150                       void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6151                       void **ppArg);
6152  int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6153  /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6154  ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6155  int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6156  int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6157  int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6158};
6159
6160/*
6161** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6162** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6163**
6164** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6165** of the [virtual table] interface to
6166** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6167** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6168** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6169** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6170**
6171** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6172**
6173** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6174**
6175** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6176** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6177** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6178** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6179** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6180** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6181** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6182**
6183** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6184** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6185** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6186** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6187** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6188**
6189** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6190** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6191**
6192** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6193** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6194** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6195** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6196** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6197** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6198** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6199** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6200** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6201** non-zero.
6202**
6203** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6204** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6205** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6206** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6207** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6208** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
6209**
6210** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6211** [xFilter] method.
6212** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6213** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6214**
6215** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6216** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6217** sorting step is required.
6218**
6219** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6220** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6221** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6222** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6223** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6224**
6225** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6226** will be returned by the strategy.
6227**
6228** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6229** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6230** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6231** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6232**
6233** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6234** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6235** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6236** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6237** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6238** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6239** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6240** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6241** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6242**
6243** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6244** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6245** If a virtual table extension is
6246** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6247** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6248** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6249** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6250** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6251** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6252** It may therefore only be used if
6253** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6254** 3009000.
6255*/
6256struct sqlite3_index_info {
6257  /* Inputs */
6258  int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6259  struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6260     int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6261     unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6262     unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6263     int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6264  } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6265  int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6266  struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6267     int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6268     unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6269  } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6270  /* Outputs */
6271  struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6272    int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6273    unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6274  } *aConstraintUsage;
6275  int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6276  char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6277  int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6278  int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6279  double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6280  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6281  sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6282  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6283  int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6284  /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6285  sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6286};
6287
6288/*
6289** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6290*/
6291#define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6292
6293/*
6294** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6295**
6296** These macros defined the allowed values for the
6297** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6298** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6299** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6300*/
6301#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6302#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6303#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6304#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6305#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6306#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6307#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6308#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6309#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6310#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6311#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6312#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6313#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6314#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6315
6316/*
6317** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6318** METHOD: sqlite3
6319**
6320** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6321** ^Module names must be registered before
6322** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6323** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6324**
6325** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6326** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6327** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6328** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6329** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6330** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6331** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6332**
6333** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6334** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6335** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
6336** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
6337** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
6338** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
6339** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
6340** destructor.
6341*/
6342int sqlite3_create_module(
6343  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6344  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6345  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6346  void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6347);
6348int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
6349  sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
6350  const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
6351  const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
6352  void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
6353  void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
6354);
6355
6356/*
6357** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6358** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6359**
6360** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6361** of this object to describe a particular instance
6362** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6363** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6364** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6365** common to all module implementations.
6366**
6367** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6368** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6369** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6370** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6371** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6372** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6373*/
6374struct sqlite3_vtab {
6375  const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6376  int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6377  char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6378  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6379};
6380
6381/*
6382** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6383** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6384**
6385** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6386** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6387** [virtual table] and are used
6388** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6389** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6390** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6391** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6392** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6393** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6394**
6395** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6396** are common to all implementations.
6397*/
6398struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6399  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6400  /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6401};
6402
6403/*
6404** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6405**
6406** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6407** [virtual table module] call this interface
6408** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6409** the virtual tables they implement.
6410*/
6411int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6412
6413/*
6414** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6415** METHOD: sqlite3
6416**
6417** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6418** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6419** But global versions of those functions
6420** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6421**
6422** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6423** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6424** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6425** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6426** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6427** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6428** by a [virtual table].
6429*/
6430int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6431
6432/*
6433** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6434** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6435** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6436** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6437**
6438** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6439** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6440*/
6441
6442/*
6443** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6444** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6445**
6446** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6447** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6448** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6449** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6450** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6451** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6452** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6453*/
6454typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6455
6456/*
6457** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6458** METHOD: sqlite3
6459** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6460**
6461** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6462** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6463** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6464**
6465** <pre>
6466**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6467** </pre>)^
6468**
6469** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6470** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6471** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6472** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6473** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6474**
6475** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6476** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6477** read-only access.
6478**
6479** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6480** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6481** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6482** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6483** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6484**
6485** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6486** <ul>
6487**   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6488**   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6489**   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6490**   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6491**   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6492**   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6493**         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6494**   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6495**         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6496**   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6497**         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6498**         being opened for read/write access)^.
6499** </ul>
6500**
6501** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6502** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6503** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6504**
6505** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
6506** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
6507** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
6508** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
6509** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
6510** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
6511**
6512** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6513** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6514** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6515** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6516** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6517** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6518** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6519** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6520** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6521** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6522**
6523** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6524** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6525** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6526** blob.
6527**
6528** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6529** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6530** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6531**
6532** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6533** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6534**
6535** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
6536** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
6537** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6538*/
6539int sqlite3_blob_open(
6540  sqlite3*,
6541  const char *zDb,
6542  const char *zTable,
6543  const char *zColumn,
6544  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6545  int flags,
6546  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6547);
6548
6549/*
6550** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6551** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6552**
6553** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
6554** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6555** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6556** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6557** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
6558** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6559**
6560** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6561** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6562** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6563** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6564** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6565** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6566** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6567** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6568** always returns zero.
6569**
6570** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6571*/
6572int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6573
6574/*
6575** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6576** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6577**
6578** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6579** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6580** handle is still closed.)^
6581**
6582** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6583** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6584** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6585** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6586** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6587**
6588** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6589** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6590** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6591** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6592** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6593** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6594*/
6595int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6596
6597/*
6598** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6599** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6600**
6601** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6602** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6603** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6604** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6605**
6606** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6607** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6608** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6609** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6610*/
6611int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6612
6613/*
6614** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6615** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6616**
6617** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6618** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6619** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6620**
6621** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6622** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6623** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6624** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6625** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6626**
6627** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6628** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6629**
6630** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6631** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6632**
6633** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6634** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6635** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6636** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6637**
6638** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6639*/
6640int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6641
6642/*
6643** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6644** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6645**
6646** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6647** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6648** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6649**
6650** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6651** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6652** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6653** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6654** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6655**
6656** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6657** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6658** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6659**
6660** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6661** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6662** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6663** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6664** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6665** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6666** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6667**
6668** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6669** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6670** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6671** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6672** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6673** or by other independent statements.
6674**
6675** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6676** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6677** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6678** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6679**
6680** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6681*/
6682int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6683
6684/*
6685** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6686**
6687** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6688** that SQLite uses to interact
6689** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6690** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6691** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6692** The following interfaces are provided.
6693**
6694** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6695** ^Names are case sensitive.
6696** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6697** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6698** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6699**
6700** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6701** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6702** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6703** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6704** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6705** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6706** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6707** then the behavior is undefined.
6708**
6709** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6710** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6711** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6712*/
6713sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6714int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6715int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6716
6717/*
6718** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6719**
6720** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6721** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6722** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6723** permitted to use any of these routines.
6724**
6725** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6726** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6727** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6728** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6729**
6730** <ul>
6731** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6732** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6733** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6734** </ul>
6735**
6736** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6737** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6738** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6739** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6740** and Windows.
6741**
6742** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6743** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6744** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6745** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6746** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6747** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6748** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6749**
6750** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6751** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6752** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6753** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6754** integer constants:
6755**
6756** <ul>
6757** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6758** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6759** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6760** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6761** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6762** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6763** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6764** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6765** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6766** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6767** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6768** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6769** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6770** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6771** </ul>
6772**
6773** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6774** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6775** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6776** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6777** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6778** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6779** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6780** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6781** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6782** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6783**
6784** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6785** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6786** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6787** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6788** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6789** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6790** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6791** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6792**
6793** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6794** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6795** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6796** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6797** the same type number.
6798**
6799** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6800** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6801** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6802**
6803** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6804** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6805** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6806** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6807** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6808** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6809** In such cases, the
6810** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6811** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6812** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6813**
6814** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6815** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6816** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6817** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6818** behavior.)^
6819**
6820** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6821** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6822** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6823** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6824**
6825** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6826** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6827** behave as no-ops.
6828**
6829** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6830*/
6831sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6832void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6833void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6834int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6835void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6836
6837/*
6838** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6839**
6840** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6841** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6842**
6843** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6844** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6845** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6846** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6847** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6848** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6849** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6850** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6851** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6852**
6853** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6854** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6855** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6856** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6857**
6858** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6859** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6860** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6861** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6862** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6863** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6864**
6865** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6866** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6867** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6868**
6869** <ul>
6870**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6871**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6872**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6873**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6874**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6875**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6876**   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6877** </ul>)^
6878**
6879** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6880** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6881** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6882** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6883** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6884** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6885** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6886**
6887** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6888** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6889** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6890** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6891**
6892** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6893** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6894** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6895** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6896**
6897** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6898** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6899** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6900** prior to returning.
6901*/
6902typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6903struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6904  int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6905  int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6906  sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6907  void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6908  void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6909  int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6910  void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6911  int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6912  int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6913};
6914
6915/*
6916** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6917**
6918** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6919** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6920** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6921** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6922** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6923** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6924** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6925** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6926**
6927** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6928** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6929**
6930** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6931** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6932** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6933** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6934**
6935** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6936** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6937** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6938** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6939** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6940** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6941** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6942** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6943*/
6944#ifndef NDEBUG
6945int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6946int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6947#endif
6948
6949/*
6950** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6951**
6952** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6953** which is one of these integer constants.
6954**
6955** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6956** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6957** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6958*/
6959#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6960#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6961#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6962#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6963#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6964#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6965#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
6966#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6967#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6968#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6969#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6970#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6971#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6972#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6973#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6974#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6975
6976/*
6977** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6978** METHOD: sqlite3
6979**
6980** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6981** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6982** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6983** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6984** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6985*/
6986sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6987
6988/*
6989** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6990** METHOD: sqlite3
6991**
6992** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6993** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6994** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6995** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6996** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6997** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6998** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6999** main database file.
7000** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7001** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7002** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7003** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7004**
7005** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7006** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7007** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
7008** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
7009** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7010**
7011** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7012** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7013** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7014** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7015** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7016** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7017** xFileControl method.
7018**
7019** See also: [file control opcodes]
7020*/
7021int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7022
7023/*
7024** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7025**
7026** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7027** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7028** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7029** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7030**
7031** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7032** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7033** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7034**
7035** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7036** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7037** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7038** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7039*/
7040int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7041
7042/*
7043** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7044**
7045** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7046** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7047**
7048** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7049** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7050** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7051** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7052*/
7053#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7054#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7055#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7056#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
7057#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7058#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7059#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7060#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7061#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7062#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7063#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
7064#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7065#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7066#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7067#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7068#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7069#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7070#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7071#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7072#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7073#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7074#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7075#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7076#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7077#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7078
7079/*
7080** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7081**
7082** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7083** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7084** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7085** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7086**
7087** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7088** keywords understood by SQLite.
7089**
7090** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7091** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7092** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7093** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7094** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7095** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7096** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7097**
7098** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7099** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7100** if it is and zero if not.
7101**
7102** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7103** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7104** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7105** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7106** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7107** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7108** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7109** name collisions include:
7110** <ul>
7111** <li> Put all indentifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7112**      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7113** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7114**      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7115**      technique.
7116** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7117**      with "Z".
7118** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7119** </ul>
7120**
7121** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7122** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7123** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7124** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7125*/
7126int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7127int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7128int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7129
7130/*
7131** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7132**
7133** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7134** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7135** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7136** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7137** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7138** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7139** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7140** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7141** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7142** value.  For those parameters
7143** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7144** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7145** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7146**
7147** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7148** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7149**
7150** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7151** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7152** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7153**
7154** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7155*/
7156int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7157int sqlite3_status64(
7158  int op,
7159  sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7160  sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7161  int resetFlag
7162);
7163
7164
7165/*
7166** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
7167** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
7168**
7169** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
7170** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
7171**
7172** <dl>
7173** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
7174** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
7175** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
7176** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
7177** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
7178** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
7179** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
7180** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
7181**
7182** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
7183** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7184** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
7185** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
7186** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7187** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7188**
7189** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
7190** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
7191** currently checked out.</dd>)^
7192**
7193** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
7194** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
7195** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
7196** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
7197** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
7198**
7199** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
7200** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
7201** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
7202** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
7203** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
7204** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
7205** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
7206** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
7207** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
7208**
7209** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
7210** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
7211** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
7212** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
7213** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
7214**
7215** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
7216** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7217**
7218** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
7219** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7220**
7221** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
7222** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
7223**
7224** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
7225** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
7226** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
7227** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
7228** </dl>
7229**
7230** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
7231*/
7232#define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
7233#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
7234#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
7235#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
7236#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
7237#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
7238#define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
7239#define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
7240#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
7241#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
7242
7243/*
7244** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
7245** METHOD: sqlite3
7246**
7247** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
7248** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
7249** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
7250** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
7251** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
7252** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
7253** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
7254** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
7255**
7256** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
7257** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
7258** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
7259** reset back down to the current value.
7260**
7261** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
7262** non-zero [error code] on failure.
7263**
7264** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
7265*/
7266int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
7267
7268/*
7269** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
7270** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
7271**
7272** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
7273** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
7274**
7275** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
7276** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
7277** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
7278** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
7279** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
7280**
7281** <dl>
7282** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
7283** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
7284** checked out.</dd>)^
7285**
7286** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
7287** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
7288** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7289** the current value is always zero.)^
7290**
7291** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
7292** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
7293** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7294** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
7295** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
7296** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7297** the current value is always zero.)^
7298**
7299** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
7300** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
7301** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
7302** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
7303** memory already being in use.
7304** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
7305** the current value is always zero.)^
7306**
7307** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
7308** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7309** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
7310** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
7311**
7312** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
7313** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
7314** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
7315** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
7316** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
7317** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
7318** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
7319** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
7320** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
7321** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
7322** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
7323**
7324** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
7325** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7326** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
7327** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
7328** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
7329** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
7330** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
7331** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
7332**
7333** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
7334** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
7335** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
7336** the database connection.)^
7337** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
7338** </dd>
7339**
7340** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
7341** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
7342** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
7343** is always 0.
7344** </dd>
7345**
7346** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
7347** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
7348** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
7349** is always 0.
7350** </dd>
7351**
7352** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
7353** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7354** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
7355** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
7356** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
7357** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
7358** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
7359** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
7360** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
7361** </dd>
7362**
7363** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
7364** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
7365** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
7366** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
7367** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
7368** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
7369** inefficiencies that can be resolve by increasing the cache size.
7370** </dd>
7371**
7372** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
7373** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
7374** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
7375** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
7376** </dd>
7377** </dl>
7378*/
7379#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
7380#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
7381#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
7382#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
7383#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
7384#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
7385#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
7386#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
7387#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
7388#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
7389#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
7390#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
7391#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
7392#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
7393
7394
7395/*
7396** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
7397** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7398**
7399** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
7400** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
7401** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
7402** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
7403** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
7404** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
7405** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
7406** an index.
7407**
7408** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
7409** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
7410** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
7411** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
7412** to be interrogated.)^
7413** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7414** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7415** interface call returns.
7416**
7417** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7418*/
7419int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7420
7421/*
7422** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7423** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7424**
7425** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7426** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7427** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7428**
7429** <dl>
7430** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7431** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7432** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7433** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7434** careful use of indices.</dd>
7435**
7436** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7437** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7438** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7439** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7440**
7441** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7442** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7443** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7444** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7445** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7446** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7447**
7448** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7449** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7450** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7451** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7452** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7453** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7454** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7455**
7456** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
7457** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
7458** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to
7459** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
7460**
7461** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
7462** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
7463** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
7464** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
7465** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
7466** cycle.
7467**
7468** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
7469** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
7470** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
7471** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
7472** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
7473** </dd>
7474** </dl>
7475*/
7476#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7477#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7478#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7479#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7480#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
7481#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
7482#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
7483
7484/*
7485** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7486**
7487** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7488** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7489** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7490** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7491** to the object.
7492**
7493** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7494*/
7495typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7496
7497/*
7498** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7499**
7500** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7501** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7502** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7503** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7504**
7505** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7506*/
7507typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7508struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7509  void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7510  void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7511};
7512
7513/*
7514** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7515** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7516**
7517** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7518** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7519** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7520** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7521** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7522** By implementing a
7523** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7524** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7525** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7526** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7527** how long.
7528**
7529** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7530** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7531** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7532**
7533** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7534** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7535** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7536** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7537**
7538** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7539** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7540** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7541** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7542** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7543** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7544** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7545** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7546** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7547** page cache.)^
7548**
7549** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7550** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7551** It can be used to clean up
7552** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7553** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7554**
7555** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7556** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7557** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7558** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7559** in multithreaded applications.
7560**
7561** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7562** call to xShutdown().
7563**
7564** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7565** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7566** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7567** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7568** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7569** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7570** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7571** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7572** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7573** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7574** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7575** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7576** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7577** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7578** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7579** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7580** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7581** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7582** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7583** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7584** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7585** never contain any unpinned pages.
7586**
7587** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7588** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7589** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7590** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7591** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7592** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7593** value; it is advisory only.
7594**
7595** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7596** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7597** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7598**
7599** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7600** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7601** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7602** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7603** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7604** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7605** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7606** for each entry in the page cache.
7607**
7608** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7609** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7610** to be "pinned".
7611**
7612** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7613** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7614** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7615** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7616** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7617**
7618** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7619** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7620** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7621** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7622**                 Otherwise return NULL.
7623** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7624**                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7625** </table>
7626**
7627** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7628** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7629** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7630** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7631** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7632**
7633** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7634** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7635** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7636** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7637** ^If the discard parameter is
7638** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7639** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7640** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7641**
7642** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7643** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7644** to xFetch().
7645**
7646** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7647** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7648** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7649** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7650** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7651** to be pinned.
7652**
7653** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7654** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7655** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7656** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7657** they can be safely discarded.
7658**
7659** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7660** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7661** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7662** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7663** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7664** functions.
7665**
7666** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7667** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7668** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7669** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7670** do their best.
7671*/
7672typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7673struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7674  int iVersion;
7675  void *pArg;
7676  int (*xInit)(void*);
7677  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7678  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7679  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7680  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7681  sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7682  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7683  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7684      unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7685  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7686  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7687  void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7688};
7689
7690/*
7691** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7692** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7693** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7694*/
7695typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7696struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7697  void *pArg;
7698  int (*xInit)(void*);
7699  void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7700  sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7701  void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7702  int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7703  void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7704  void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7705  void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7706  void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7707  void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7708};
7709
7710
7711/*
7712** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7713**
7714** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7715** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7716** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7717** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7718**
7719** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7720*/
7721typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7722
7723/*
7724** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7725**
7726** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7727** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7728** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7729**
7730** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7731**
7732** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7733** for the duration of the backup operation.
7734** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7735** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7736** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7737** preventing other database connections from
7738** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7739**
7740** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7741**   <ol>
7742**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7743**         backup,
7744**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7745**         the data between the two databases, and finally
7746**     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7747**         associated with the backup operation.
7748**   </ol>)^
7749** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7750** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7751**
7752** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7753**
7754** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7755** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7756** and the database name, respectively.
7757** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7758** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7759** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7760** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7761** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7762** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7763** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7764** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7765** an error.
7766**
7767** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7768** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7769** destination database.
7770**
7771** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7772** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7773** destination [database connection] D.
7774** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7775** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7776** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7777** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7778** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7779** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7780** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7781** operation.
7782**
7783** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7784**
7785** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7786** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7787** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7788** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7789** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7790** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7791** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7792** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7793** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7794** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7795** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7796** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7797**
7798** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7799** <ol>
7800** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7801** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7802** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7803** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7804** destination and source page sizes differ.
7805** </ol>)^
7806**
7807** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7808** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7809** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7810** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7811** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7812** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7813** [database connection]
7814** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7815** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7816** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7817** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7818** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7819** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7820** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7821** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7822** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7823**
7824** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7825** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7826** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7827** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7828** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7829** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7830** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7831** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7832** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7833** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7834** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7835** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7836** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7837** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7838** updated at the same time.
7839**
7840** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7841**
7842** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7843** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7844** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7845** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7846** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7847** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7848** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7849** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7850** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7851**
7852** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7853** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7854** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7855** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7856** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7857** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7858**
7859** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7860** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7861** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7862**
7863** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7864** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7865**
7866** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7867** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7868** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7869** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7870** sqlite3_backup_step().
7871** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7872** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7873** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7874** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7875** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7876** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7877**
7878** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7879**
7880** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7881** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7882** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7883** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7884** from within other threads.
7885**
7886** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7887** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7888** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7889** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7890** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7891** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7892** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7893** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7894**
7895** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7896** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7897** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7898** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7899** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7900** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7901**
7902** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7903** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7904** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7905** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7906** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7907** possible that they return invalid values.
7908*/
7909sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
7910  sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7911  const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7912  sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7913  const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7914);
7915int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7916int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7917int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7918int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7919
7920/*
7921** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7922** METHOD: sqlite3
7923**
7924** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7925** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7926** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7927** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7928** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7929** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7930** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7931** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7932**
7933** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7934**
7935** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7936** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7937**
7938** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7939** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7940** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7941** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7942** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7943** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7944** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7945** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7946** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7947** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7948**
7949** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7950** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7951** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7952** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7953** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7954**
7955** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7956** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7957** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7958** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7959**
7960** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7961** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7962** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7963** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7964** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7965** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7966** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7967** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7968**
7969** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7970** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7971** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7972**
7973** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7974** returns SQLITE_OK.
7975**
7976** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7977**
7978** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7979** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7980** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7981** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7982** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7983** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7984**
7985** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7986** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7987** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7988** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7989** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7990** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7991** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7992** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7993**
7994** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7995**
7996** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7997** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7998** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7999** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8000** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8001** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8002** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8003**
8004** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8005** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8006** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8007** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8008** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8009** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8010** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8011** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8012** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8013** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8014** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8015** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8016**
8017** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8018**
8019** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8020** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8021** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8022** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8023** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8024** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8025** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8026** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8027** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8028**
8029** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8030** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8031** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8032** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8033** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8034*/
8035int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8036  sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8037  void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8038  void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8039);
8040
8041
8042/*
8043** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8044**
8045** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8046** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8047** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8048** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8049*/
8050int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8051int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8052
8053/*
8054** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8055*
8056** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8057** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8058** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8059** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8060** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8061** is case sensitive.
8062**
8063** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8064** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8065**
8066** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8067*/
8068int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8069
8070/*
8071** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8072*
8073** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8074** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8075** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8076** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8077** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8078** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8079** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8080** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8081** one another.
8082**
8083** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8084** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8085**
8086** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8087** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8088**
8089** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8090*/
8091int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8092
8093/*
8094** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8095**
8096** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8097** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8098** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8099** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8100**
8101** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8102** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8103** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8104** is considered bad form.
8105**
8106** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8107**
8108** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8109** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8110** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8111** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8112** buffer.
8113*/
8114void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8115
8116/*
8117** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8118** METHOD: sqlite3
8119**
8120** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8121** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8122**
8123** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8124** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8125** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8126**
8127** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8128** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8129** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8130** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8131** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8132** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8133** including those that were just committed.
8134**
8135** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8136** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8137** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8138** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8139** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8140** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8141** are undefined.
8142**
8143** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8144** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8145** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8146** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8147** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8148** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8149*/
8150void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8151  sqlite3*,
8152  int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8153  void*
8154);
8155
8156/*
8157** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8158** METHOD: sqlite3
8159**
8160** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8161** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8162** to automatically [checkpoint]
8163** after committing a transaction if there are N or
8164** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
8165** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
8166** checkpoints entirely.
8167**
8168** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
8169** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
8170** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
8171** configured by this function.
8172**
8173** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
8174** from SQL.
8175**
8176** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
8177** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
8178**
8179** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
8180** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
8181** pages.  The use of this interface
8182** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
8183** for a particular application.
8184*/
8185int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
8186
8187/*
8188** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8189** METHOD: sqlite3
8190**
8191** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
8192** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
8193**
8194** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
8195** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
8196** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
8197** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
8198** information.
8199**
8200** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
8201** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
8202** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
8203** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
8204** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
8205** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
8206*/
8207int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8208
8209/*
8210** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
8211** METHOD: sqlite3
8212**
8213** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
8214** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
8215** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
8216** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
8217**
8218** <dl>
8219** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
8220**   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
8221**   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
8222**   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
8223**   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
8224**   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
8225**   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
8226**
8227** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
8228**   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
8229**   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
8230**   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
8231**   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
8232**   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
8233**   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
8234**
8235** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
8236**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
8237**   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
8238**   [busy-handler callback])
8239**   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
8240**   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
8241**   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
8242**   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
8243**
8244** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
8245**   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
8246**   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
8247**   to a successful return.
8248** </dl>
8249**
8250** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
8251** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
8252** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
8253** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
8254** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
8255** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
8256** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
8257** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
8258** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
8259**
8260** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
8261** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
8262** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
8263** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
8264**
8265** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
8266** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
8267** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
8268** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
8269** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
8270** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
8271** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
8272** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
8273** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
8274** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
8275**
8276** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
8277** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
8278** [database connection] db.  In this case the
8279** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
8280** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
8281** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
8282** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
8283** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
8284** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
8285** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
8286** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8287**
8288** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
8289** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
8290** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
8291** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
8292**
8293** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
8294** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
8295** sets the error information that is queried by
8296** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
8297**
8298** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
8299** from SQL.
8300*/
8301int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
8302  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8303  const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
8304  int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
8305  int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
8306  int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
8307);
8308
8309/*
8310** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
8311** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
8312**
8313** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
8314** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
8315** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
8316** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
8317*/
8318#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
8319#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
8320#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
8321#define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
8322
8323/*
8324** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
8325**
8326** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
8327** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
8328** various facets of the virtual table interface.
8329**
8330** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
8331** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
8332**
8333** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
8334** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
8335** may be added in the future.
8336*/
8337int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
8338
8339/*
8340** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
8341**
8342** These macros define the various options to the
8343** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
8344** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
8345**
8346** <dl>
8347** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
8348** <dd>Calls of the form
8349** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
8350** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
8351** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
8352** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
8353** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
8354** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
8355** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
8356** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
8357**
8358** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
8359** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
8360** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
8361** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
8362** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
8363** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
8364** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
8365** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
8366** had been ABORT.
8367**
8368** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
8369** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
8370** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
8371** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
8372** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
8373** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
8374** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
8375** constraint handling.
8376** </dl>
8377*/
8378#define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
8379
8380/*
8381** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
8382**
8383** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
8384** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
8385** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
8386** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8387** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
8388** [virtual table].
8389*/
8390int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
8391
8392/*
8393** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
8394**
8395** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
8396** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
8397** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
8398** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
8399** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
8400** understands as a "no-change" value.
8401**
8402** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
8403** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
8404** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
8405** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
8406** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
8407** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
8408*/
8409int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
8410
8411/*
8412** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
8413**
8414** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
8415** method of a [virtual table].
8416**
8417** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
8418** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
8419** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
8420** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
8421** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
8422** constraint.
8423*/
8424SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
8425
8426/*
8427** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
8428** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
8429**
8430** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
8431** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
8432** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
8433**
8434** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
8435** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
8436** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
8437*/
8438#define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
8439/* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
8440#define SQLITE_FAIL     3
8441/* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
8442#define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
8443
8444/*
8445** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
8446** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
8447**
8448** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
8449** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
8450** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
8451**
8452** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
8453** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
8454** S is finalized.
8455**
8456** <dl>
8457** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
8458** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
8459** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
8460**
8461** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
8462** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8463** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
8464**
8465** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
8466** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8467** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8468** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8469** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8470** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8471** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8472**
8473** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8474** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8475** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8476** used for the X-th loop.
8477**
8478** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8479** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8480** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8481** description for the X-th loop.
8482**
8483** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8484** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8485** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8486** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8487** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8488** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8489** </dl>
8490*/
8491#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8492#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8493#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8494#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8495#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8496#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8497
8498/*
8499** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8500** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8501**
8502** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8503** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8504** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8505** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8506**
8507** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8508** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8509** compile-time option.
8510**
8511** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8512** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8513** of this interface is undefined.
8514** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8515** the "pOut" parameter.
8516** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8517** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8518** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8519** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8520** points to is unchanged.
8521**
8522** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8523** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8524** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8525** that pOut points to unchanged.
8526**
8527** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8528*/
8529int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8530  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8531  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8532  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8533  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8534);
8535
8536/*
8537** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8538** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8539**
8540** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8541**
8542** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8543** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8544*/
8545void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8546
8547/*
8548** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8549**
8550** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8551** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8552** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8553** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8554** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8555** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8556** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8557** any [attached] databases.
8558**
8559** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8560** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8561** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8562** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8563** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8564** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8565** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8566** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8567**
8568** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8569** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8570** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8571**
8572** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8573**
8574** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8575** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8576*/
8577int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8578
8579/*
8580** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8581**
8582** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8583** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8584**
8585** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8586** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8587** on a database table.
8588** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8589** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8590** the previous setting.
8591** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8592** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8593** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8594** the first parameter to callbacks.
8595**
8596** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
8597** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
8598** system tables like sqlite_master or sqlite_stat1.
8599**
8600** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8601** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8602** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8603** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8604** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8605** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8606** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8607** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8608** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8609** databases.)^
8610** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8611** table that is being modified.
8612**
8613** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
8614** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8615** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
8616** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
8617** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
8618** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
8619** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
8620** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
8621** INSERT operations on rowid tables.
8622**
8623** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8624** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8625** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8626** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8627** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8628** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8629** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8630** behavior.
8631**
8632** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8633** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8634**
8635** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8636** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8637** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8638** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8639** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8640** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8641** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8642** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8643**
8644** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8645** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8646** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8647** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8648** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8649** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8650** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8651** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8652**
8653** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8654** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8655** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8656** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8657** triggers; and so forth.
8658**
8659** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8660*/
8661#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
8662void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8663  sqlite3 *db,
8664  void(*xPreUpdate)(
8665    void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8666    sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8667    int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8668    char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8669    char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8670    sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8671    sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8672  ),
8673  void*
8674);
8675int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8676int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8677int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8678int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8679#endif
8680
8681/*
8682** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8683**
8684** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8685** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8686** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8687** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8688** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8689** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8690*/
8691int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8692
8693/*
8694** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8695** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
8696** EXPERIMENTAL
8697**
8698** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8699** database for some specific point in history.
8700**
8701** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8702** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8703** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8704** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8705** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8706** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8707** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8708**
8709** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8710** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8711** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8712** the most recent version.
8713**
8714** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8715** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8716** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8717** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8718*/
8719typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
8720  unsigned char hidden[48];
8721} sqlite3_snapshot;
8722
8723/*
8724** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8725** EXPERIMENTAL
8726**
8727** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8728** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8729** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8730** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8731** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8732** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
8733** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
8734**
8735** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
8736** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
8737** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
8738** in this case.
8739**
8740** <ul>
8741**   <li> The database handle must be in [autocommit mode].
8742**
8743**   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
8744**
8745**   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
8746**        connection D.
8747**
8748**   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
8749**        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
8750**        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
8751**        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
8752**        must be written to it first.
8753** </ul>
8754**
8755** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
8756** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
8757** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
8758**
8759** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8760** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8761** to avoid a memory leak.
8762**
8763** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8764** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8765*/
8766SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8767  sqlite3 *db,
8768  const char *zSchema,
8769  sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8770);
8771
8772/*
8773** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8774** EXPERIMENTAL
8775**
8776** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8777** read transaction for schema S of
8778** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8779** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8780** recent change to the database.
8781** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8782** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8783**
8784** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8785** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8786** out of [autocommit mode].
8787** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8788** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8789** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8790** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8791** [checkpoint].
8792** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8793** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8794** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8795** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8796** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8797** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8798** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8799** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8800**
8801** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8802** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8803*/
8804SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8805  sqlite3 *db,
8806  const char *zSchema,
8807  sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8808);
8809
8810/*
8811** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8812** EXPERIMENTAL
8813**
8814** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8815** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8816** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8817**
8818** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8819** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8820*/
8821SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8822
8823/*
8824** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8825** EXPERIMENTAL
8826**
8827** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8828** of two valid snapshot handles.
8829**
8830** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8831** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8832**
8833** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8834** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8835** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8836** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8837** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8838** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8839** is undefined.
8840**
8841** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8842** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8843** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8844*/
8845SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8846  sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8847  sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8848);
8849
8850/*
8851** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
8852** EXPERIMENTAL
8853**
8854** If all connections disconnect from a database file but do not perform
8855** a checkpoint, the existing wal file is opened along with the database
8856** file the next time the database is opened. At this point it is only
8857** possible to successfully call sqlite3_snapshot_open() to open the most
8858** recent snapshot of the database (the one at the head of the wal file),
8859** even though the wal file may contain other valid snapshots for which
8860** clients have sqlite3_snapshot handles.
8861**
8862** This function attempts to scan the wal file associated with database zDb
8863** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
8864** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
8865** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a wal mode
8866** database.
8867**
8868** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
8869*/
8870SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
8871
8872/*
8873** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
8874**
8875** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
8876** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
8877** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
8878** is written into *P.
8879**
8880** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
8881** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
8882** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
8883** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
8884**
8885** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
8886** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
8887** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
8888** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
8889** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
8890** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
8891** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
8892** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
8893** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
8894** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
8895** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
8896** values of D and S.
8897** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
8898** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contigious copy
8899** of the database exists.
8900**
8901** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
8902** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
8903** allocation error occurs.
8904**
8905** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
8906** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
8907*/
8908unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
8909  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
8910  const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
8911  sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
8912  unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
8913);
8914
8915/*
8916** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
8917**
8918** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
8919** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
8920**
8921** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
8922** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
8923** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
8924** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
8925** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
8926** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
8927** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
8928*/
8929#define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
8930
8931/*
8932** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
8933**
8934** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
8935** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
8936** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
8937** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
8938** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
8939** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
8940** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
8941** size does not exceed M bytes.
8942**
8943** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
8944** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
8945** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
8946** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
8947** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
8948**
8949** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
8950** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
8951** operation.
8952**
8953** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
8954** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
8955** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
8956**
8957** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
8958** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
8959*/
8960int sqlite3_deserialize(
8961  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
8962  const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
8963  unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
8964  sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
8965  sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
8966  unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
8967);
8968
8969/*
8970** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
8971**
8972** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
8973** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
8974**
8975** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
8976** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
8977** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
8978** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
8979** is resposible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
8980**
8981** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
8982** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
8983** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
8984** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
8985** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
8986**
8987** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
8988** should be treated as read-only.
8989*/
8990#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
8991#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
8992#define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
8993
8994/*
8995** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8996** builds on processors without floating point support.
8997*/
8998#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8999# undef double
9000#endif
9001
9002#ifdef __cplusplus
9003}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9004#endif
9005#endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9006